nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Plant Stress Responses1[OPEN]
Venue: Plant Physiology
Year: 2020

Recent significant advances allow a more complete understanding of the many functions for TOR signaling in plant responses to different nutrient deficiencies and abiotic stresses. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical Ser/Thr protein kinase that is evolutionally conserved among yeasts, plants, and mammals. In plants, TOR signaling functions as a central hub to integrate different kinds of nutrient, energy, hormone, and environmental signals. TOR thereby orchestrates every stage of plant life, from embryogenesis, meristem activation, root, and leaf growth to flowering, senescence, and life span determination. Besides its essential role in the control of plant growth and development, recent research has also shed light on its multifaceted roles in plant environmental stress responses. Here, we review recent findings on the involvement of TOR signaling in plant adaptation to nutrient deficiency and various abiotic stresses. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying how plants cope with such unfavorable conditions via TOR abscisic acid crosstalk and TOR mediated autophagy, both of which play crucial roles in plant stress responses. Until now, little was known about the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of TOR in plant stress responses. We propose that the Snf1 related protein kinase TOR axis plays a role in sensing various stress signals, and predict the key downstream effectors based on recent high throughput proteomic analyses.
A Comprehensive Review on Recent advances in Synthesis Pharmacotherapeutic potential of Benzothiazoles.
Venue: Anti inflammatory anti allergy agents in medicinal chemistry
Year: 2015

Heterocyclic analogues and their derivatives have attracted strong interest in medicinal chemistry due to their biological and pharmacological properties. Benzothiazole is a class of heterocyclic compounds having 2 hetero atoms namely, sulphur and nitrogen. The analogues of benzothiazoles and its derivatives have a significant role in research area especially in synthetic, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry because of their biological and pharmacological activity. These compounds have special significance in the field of Medicinal chemistry due to their remarkable pharmacological potentialities. Benzothiazole is an organosulfur heterocyclic compound, weakly basic in nature. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with wide application in drug discovery. Benzothiazoles are fused membered rings, which contain the heterocycles bearing thiazole as central moiety. A large number of therapeutic agents are synthesized with the help of benzothiazoles nucleus. In addition, benzothiazoles act as core nucleus in various drugs due to their various activities e.g. pramipexole, probenazole, lubeluzole, zopolrestat, ethoxazolamide and bentaluron etc. and their derivatives have attracted a great deal of interest due to their wide range of biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antitubercular, anti HIV, cardiovascular, local anaesthetic, anti inflammatory, anticonvulsant and anti diabetic. The therapeutic properties of the heterocycles have encouraged the medicinal chemist to synthesize a large number of novel chemotherapeutic agents. This review is mainly an attempt to present the research work reported in the recent scientific literature focusing on different biological activities of benzothiazoles compounds.
Creativity in technology enhanced experiential learning: videocast implementation in higher education
Year: 2014

In recent years scholars have devoted significant resources to research how the learning process can be improved. Developments in information and communication technologies have also enabled the learning experience to expand beyond traditional settings into an online environment, allowing for education to take place anywhere, anytime. This has led to programmes that are adapted to the needs and possibilities of each learner, increasing the competency of students across disciplines, as well as ensuring an environment for lifelong learning. The present study assesses the implementation of videocast as a creative tool to promote technology enhanced experiential learning. It demonstrates that videocast improves learners' awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, thereby leading to increased self regulated learning.
MEdit4CEP CPN: An approach for complex event processing modeling by prioritized colored petri nets
Venue: Inf. Syst.
Year: 2019

Complex Event Processing (CEP) is an event based technology that allows us to process and correlate large data streams in order to promptly detect meaningful events or situations and respond to them appropriately. CEP implementations rely on the so called Event Processing Languages (EPLs) which are used to implement the specific event types and event patterns to be detected for a particular application domain. To spare domain experts this implementation, the MEdit4CEP approach provides them with a graphical modeling editor for CEP domain, event pattern and action definition. From these graphical models, the editor automatically generates a corresponding Esper EPL code. Nevertheless, the generated code is syntactically but not semantically validated. To address this problem, MEdit4CEP is extended in this paper by Prioritized Colored Petri Net (PCPN) formalism, resulting in the MEdit4CEP CPN approach. This approach provides both a novel PCPN domain specific modeling language and a graphical editor. By using model transformations, event pattern models can be automatically transformed into PCPN models, and then into the corresponding PCPN code executable by CPN Tools. In addition, by using PCPNs we can compare the expected output with the actual output and can even conduct a quantitative analysis of the scenarios of interest. To illustrate our approach, we have conducted an air quality level detection case study and we show how this novel approach facilitates the modeling, simulation, analysis and semantic validation of complex event based systems.
The Late Quaternary Flow through the Bering Strait Has Been Forced by the Southern Ocean Winds
Year: 2012

Because North and South America are surrounded by water, they constitute together a gigantic island whose peripheral sea level is controlled by the winds east of the island, winds along the western boundary of the island, the freshwater flux, and the meridional overturning cell. This idea has been expressed in several articles where a series of analytical models show that the Bering Strait (BS) flow is controlled by the interplay of the Southern Winds (sometimes referred to as the 'Subantarctic Westerlies' and the North Hemisphere freshwater flux. Here, the authors report a paleoceanographic analysis of proxies in the BS as well as the Southern Ocean, which clearly support the above through employment of a slowly varying time dependent version of the coupled Sandal Nof model. This study shows a very strong correlation between the Southern Ocean winds and the BS flow. A midHolocene weakening of the Southern Winds followed by the cession of freshwater fluxes from the melting Laurentide ice sheet strengthened the BS flow for several thousand years. Increasing the Southern Winds enhances the near surface, cross equatorial flow from the Southern Ocean to the Northern Hemisphere. This cross equatorialflowdecreasestheArcticoutflowintotheAtlanticdemonstratingadynamiclinkagebetween the Southern Ocean Winds and the mean flow through the BS.
Effect of Firm Characteristics and Corporate Governance Practices on Earnings Management: Evidence from Publicly Listed Property Sector Firms in the Philippines
Year: 2020

Two types of earnings management (EM) opportunistic and efficient motive, were presented in the literature. This article aimed to investigate the type of EM employed by publicly listed property sector firms in the Philippines. Furthermore, the study also examined the effect of firm characteristics and corporate governance practices on firm's level of EM using discretionary accruals. In conducting this study, panel data econometric technique, particularly the ordinary least squares was used to determine which among the firm specific characteristics (profitability, leverage, cash flows from operations and firm size) or corporate governance mechanisms (CEO duality, board size, board independence and audit quality) significantly influence publicly listed property sector firms' EM activities using discretionary accruals. Results show that these firms employ efficient type of EM. Also, cash flows from operations, firm size and CEO duality are statistically significant predictors of EM for property firms. Except for cash flows from operations, these results contradict with prior studies when the same model was subjected for industrial firms. Such similarities and differences from previous studies warrant for further analysis on the peculiarities and intrinsic characteristics of the industrial and property sector in the Philippines. Such will point to certain policy frameworks in enabling EM to be harnessed in satisfying the firms' bottom lines.
Beliefs about bilingualism, bilingual education, and dual language development of early childhood preservice teachers raised in a Prop 227 environment
Year: 2018

Despite the well documented benefits of bilingualism, current educational practices in the United States reflect the deeply held belief that because the United States is an English speaking country, English should be the language of instruction. This belief was codified into law in California via the1998 passage of Proposition 227, which banned bilingual education. The number of young dual language learners has continued to grow, however, and the need to work with these children is a reality that preservice teachers will face despite restrictive language policy mandates. Given the well established relationship between teacher beliefs and practices, the purpose of this exploratory study was to use survey techniques to explore the beliefs about bilingualism, bilingual education, and dual language development of university students who attended public school in a Proposition 227 context. Findings indicate that despite favorable views on bilingualism and bilingual education and knowledge of dual language development, beliefs about the role of the native language in the school environment continue to reflect the hegemony and deficit thinking embodied by Proposition 227. Reflecting the research in K 12 settings, Latino students and those who spoke more than one language had more favorable views about bilingualism and bilingual education.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PERMAINAN TATA ANGKA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KECERDASAN LOGIKA MATEMATIKA ANAK KELOMPOK B TAMAN KANAK KANAK AISYIYAH AIRTIRIS KAMPAR
Year: 2020

PENGARUH PENERAPAN PERMAINAN TATA ANGKA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KECERDASAN LOGIKA MATEMATIKA ANAK KELOMPOK B TAMAN KANAK KANAK AISYIYAH AIRTIRIS KAMPAR Lidya Ervinda 1 Zulkifli 2 1 ,2,3 Program Studi Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia dini Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan e mail corresponden: name.name@uin suska.ac.id ABSTRAK Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan terhadap perkembangan kecerdasan logika matematika pada anak didik belum berkembang dengan optimal sehingga perlu dilakukan penerapan permainan tata angka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan permainan tata angka terhadap perkemabangan kecerdasan logika matematika pada anak di TK Aisyiyah Airtiris Kampar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak dengan objek. Adapaun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Prasyarat dan uji Hipotesis dengan menggunakan program SPSS 17 Hipotesis penelitian adalah kegiatan penggunaan permainan tata angka mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perkembangan kecerdasan logika matematika pada anak kelompok B di TK Aisyiyah Airtiris Kampar. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil analisa data pada perbandingan pretest dan posttest kelas yang diperoleh t hitung =56.268 dan Sig.(2 tailed) =0,000. Karena Sig.(2 tailed) 0,000 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan setelah menggunakan permainan tata angka dalam pembelajaran. Jadi artinya Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang berarti dalam penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh permainan tata angka sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Pengaruh permainan tata angka terhadap perkembangan kecerdasan logika matematika pada anak di TK Aisyiyah sebesar 82,394% Kata kunci: Perkembangan Kecerdasan Logika Matematika, Permainan Tata Angka
Conceptual Aspects of Global Value Chains
Year: 2020

The paper offers an overview of some key conceptual aspects associated with the rise of global value chains (GVCs) It outlines a series of alternative interpretations and definitions of what the rise of GVCs entails, and it traces the implications of these alternative conceptualizations for the measurement of the phenomenon, as well as for elucidating the key determinants and implications of GVC participation, both at the country level and at the firm level. In the process, the paper offers some speculative thoughts about the future of GVCs in light of the advent of an array of new technologies.
Nuove diamesie l'italiano dell'uso e i nuovi media (con un caso di studio sulla risalita dei clitici con "bisognare"
Year: 2016

L'articolo si sofferma sulle tendenze evolutive manifestate dall'italiano negli ultimi decenni, in particolare in relazione alle possibilita offerte e ai bisogni indotti dalle nuove tecnologie. Nel dettaglio, analizza gli effetti linguistici operati dalla ridefinizione delle caratteristiche della scrittura, che ha portato, almeno in alcuni contesti, anche a una semplificazione generale dei testi scritti, producendo una sorta di italiano scritto medio varieta alla base dei testi neomediali. Essa pare caratterizzata da notevole variabilita e mutevolezza, in parte dipendenti dalle caratteristiche dell'utenza, in parte alla sua storia, in parte alla situazione comunicativa in cui viene usata. Dopo aver considerato che l'etichetta sociolinguistica piu adatta a descriverla, tra quelle attualmente a disposizione, e modo d'uso della lingua se ne sottolinea la natura di costrutto della comunita degli utenti (di varieta di Ausbau entro certi limiti) Si tratta di un modo d'uso in cui trovano espressione anche fenomeni marginali o d'avanguardia, come la risalita del clitico con il verbo bisognare la cui diffusione viene studiata sia nei testi neomediali, sia in quelli tradizionali, mostrando che i primi, in cui essa e piu frequente, potrebbero avere la capacita di autorizzare fenomeni di margine anche solo per l'esposizione garantita ad essi dalla frequenza con cui occorrono. New diamesia: l'italiano dell'uso and new media (with a case study on the resurgence of clitics with bisognare The article focuses on evolutionary trends in Italian in recent decades, particularly in relation to the possibilities offered and the needs brought about by new technologies. In particular, it analyzes the linguistic effects of the redefinition of the characteristics of written language. This has led, at least in some contexts, to a general simplification of written texts, producing a sort of italiano scritto medio the variety at the base of neo medial texts. They appear to be characterized by considerable variability and mutability, partly depending on the user's characteristics, and partly on his/her history, and partly on the communicative situation. After considering that the best socio linguistic label among those currently available is " modo d'uso della lingua " we underline the nature of the user community construct (a variety of Ausbau, within certain limits) This use of language also reflects marginal or avant garde phenomena, like the clitic climbing with the verb bisognare whose spread is studied both in neo medial and traditional texts. In the former it is more frequent, and this may authorize marginal phenomena due to the exposure guaranteed by the frequency with which they occur.
An Interpretable Model with Globally Consistent Explanations for Credit Risk
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

We propose a possible solution to a public challenge posed by the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) which is to provide an explainable model for credit risk assessment. Rather than present a black box model and explain it afterwards, we provide a globally interpretable model that is as accurate as other neural networks. Our "two layer additive risk model" is decomposable into subscales, where each node in the second layer represents a meaningful subscale, and all of the nonlinearities are transparent. We provide three types of explanations that are simpler than, but consistent with, the global model. One of these explanation methods involves solving a minimum set cover problem to find high support globally consistent explanations. We present a new online visualization tool to allow users to explore the global model and its explanations.
Trunnionosis in total hip arthroplasty: a review
Venue: Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Year: 2016

Trunnionosis is defined as wear of the femoral head neck interface and has recently been acknowledged as a growing cause of total hip arthroplasty failure. Some studies have reported that it accounts for up to 3 of all revisions. The exact cause of trunnionosis is currently unknown; however, postulated etiologies include modular junction wear, corrosion damage, and metal ion release. Additionally, implant design and trunnion geometries may contribute to the progression of component failure. In order to aid in our understanding of this phenomenon, our aim was to present the current literature on (1) the effect of femoral head size on trunnionosis, (2) the effect of trunnion design on trunnionosis, (3) localized biological reactions associated with trunnionosis, and (4) gross trunnion failures. It is hoped that this will encourage further research and interest aimed at minimizing this complication.
Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Regenerating Olfactory System of the Migratory Locust
Venue: Frontiers in Physiology
Year: 2020

Regeneration after injury is accompanied by transient and lasting changes in the neuroarchitecture of the nervous system and, thus, a form of structural plasticity. In this review, we introduce the olfactory pathway of a particular insect as a convenient model to visualize neural regeneration at an anatomical level and study functional recovery at an electrophysiological level. The olfactory pathway of the locust (Locusta migratoria) is characterized by a multiglomerular innervation of the antennal lobe by olfactory receptor neurons. These olfactory afferents were axotomized by crushing the base of the antenna. The resulting degeneration and regeneration in the antennal lobe could be quantified by size measurements, dye labeling, and immunofluorescence staining of cell surface proteins implicated in axonal guidance during development. Within 3 days post lesion, the antennal lobe volume was reduced by 30% and from then onward regained size back to normal by 2 weeks post injury. The majority of regenerating olfactory receptor axons reinnervated the glomeruli of the antennal lobe. A few regenerating axons project erroneously into the mushroom body on a pathway that is normally chosen by second order projection neurons. Based on intracellular responses of antennal lobe output neurons to odor stimulation, regenerated fibers establish functional synapses again. Following complete absence after nerve crush, responses to odor stimuli return to control level within 10 14 days. On average, regeneration of afferents, and re established synaptic connections appear faster in younger fifth instar nymphs than in adults. The initial degeneration of olfactory receptor axons has a trans synaptic effect on a second order brain center, leading to a transient size reduction of the mushroom body calyx. Odor evoked oscillating field potentials, absent after nerve crush, were restored in the calyx, indicative of regenerative processes in the network architecture. We conclude that axonal regeneration in the locust olfactory system appears to be possible, precise, and fast, opening an avenue for future mechanistic studies. As a perspective of biomedical importance, the current evidence for nitric oxide/cGMP signaling as positive regulator of axon regeneration in connectives of the ventral nerve cord is considered in light of particular regeneration studies in vertebrate central nervous systems.
Smooth Grad CAM+ An Enhanced Inference Level Visualization Technique for Deep Convolutional Neural Network Models
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Gaining insight into how deep convolutional neural network models perform image classification and how to explain their outputs have been a concern to computer vision researchers and decision makers. These deep models are often referred to as black box due to low comprehension of their internal workings. As an effort to developing explainable deep learning models, several methods have been proposed such as finding gradients of class output with respect to input image (sensitivity maps) class activation map (CAM) and Gradient based Class Activation Maps (Grad CAM) These methods under perform when localizing multiple occurrences of the same class and do not work for all CNNs. In addition, Grad CAM does not capture the entire object in completeness when used on single object images, this affect performance on recognition tasks. With the intention to create an enhanced visual explanation in terms of visual sharpness, object localization and explaining multiple occurrences of objects in a single image, we present Smooth Grad CAM+ \footnote{Simple demo: this http URL} a technique that combines methods from two other recent techniques SMOOTHGRAD and Grad CAM+ Our Smooth Grad CAM+ technique provides the capability of either visualizing a layer, subset of feature maps, or subset of neurons within a feature map at each instance at the inference level (model prediction process) After experimenting with few images, Smooth Grad CAM+ produced more visually sharp maps with better localization of objects in the given input images when compared with other methods.
A study of deep learning approaches for medication and adverse drug event extraction from clinical text
Venue: J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc.
Year: 2020

This article presents our approaches to extraction of medications and associated adverse drug events (ADEs) from clinical documents, which is the second track of the 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2) shared task.  The clinical corpus used in this study was from the MIMIC III database and the organizers annotated 303 documents for training and 202 for testing. Our system consists of 2 components: a named entity recognition (NER) and a relation classification (RC) component. For each component, we implemented deep learning based approaches (eg, BI LSTM CRF) and compared them with traditional machine learning approaches, namely, conditional random fields for NER and support vector machines for RC, respectively. In addition, we developed a deep learning based joint model that recognizes ADEs and their relations to medications in 1 step using a sequence labeling approach. To further improve the performance, we also investigated different ensemble approaches to generating optimal performance by combining outputs from multiple approaches.  Our best performing systems achieved F1 scores of 93.45% for NER, 96.30% for RC, and 89.05% for end to end evaluation, which ranked #2, #1, and #1 among all participants, respectively. Additional evaluations show that the deep learning based approaches did outperform traditional machine learning algorithms in both NER and RC. The joint model that simultaneously recognizes ADEs and their relations to medications also achieved the best performance on RC, indicating its promise for relation extraction.  In this study, we developed deep learning approaches for extracting medications and their attributes such as ADEs, and demonstrated its superior performance compared with traditional machine learning algorithms, indicating its uses in broader NER and RC tasks in the medical domain.