nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of the CLEF 2018 CheckThat! Lab on Automatic Identification and Verification of Political Claims. Task 1: Check Worthiness
Venue: CLEF
Year: 2018

We present an overview of the CLEF 2018 CheckThat! Lab on Automatic Identification and Verification of Political Claims, with focus on Task 1: Check Worthiness. The task asks to predict which claims in a political debate should be prioritized for fact checking. In particular, given a debate or a political speech, the goal was to produce a ranked list of its sentences based on their worthiness for fact checking. We offered the task in both English and Arabic, based on debates from the 2016 US Presidential Campaign, as well as on some speeches during and after the campaign. A total of 30 teams registered to participate in the Lab and seven teams actually submitted systems for Task~1. The most successful approaches used by the participants relied on recurrent and multi layer neural networks, as well as on combinations of distributional representations, on matchings claims' vocabulary against lexicons, and on measures of syntactic dependency. The best systems achieved mean average precision of 0.18 and 0.15 on the English and on the Arabic test datasets, respectively. This leaves large room for further improvement, and thus we release all datasets and the scoring scripts, which should enable further research in check worthiness estimation.
A snake like articulated robot for flexible access minimally invasive surgery modelling, optimisation and kinematic control
Year: 2012

The integration of robotic technologies in surgical instrumentation has contributed to the further development of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) aimed at reducing the patient trauma and hospitalisation costs. Recent advances in imaging and mechatronics promise to enable the execution of more complex interventions through a single incision or natural orifice access. The main requirement for such procedures is the ability to reach the operative target through complex routes and curved anatomical pathways whilst maintaining adequate stability for tissue manipulation. A mechatronically controlled device with a high degree of articulation can potentially fulfil these requirements. However, the incorporation of a high number of Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) increases the control complexity of the system. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate different methods for reducing the control dimensionality of a hyper redundant snake like articulated robot for MIS. The design of the robot is based on a modular, flexible access platform featuring serially connected rigid links and a hybrid micromotor tendon actuation strategy to construct independently addressable universal joints. A path length compensation scheme for reducing the backlash at the joint is presented, together with experimental evaluation of the joint positioning accuracy when using our proposed kinematic control. The integration of an extra translational DoF along the joint axis allows the performance of a hybrid 'inchworm snake' locomotive scheme for self propulsion of the device. This 'front drive back following' approach is implemented by actuating only one module at a time in a serial fashion. Therefore, the operator only needs to steer the distal tip of the device while the body of the robot follows the desired trajectory autonomously. Once the distal tip of the hyper redundant device has reached the target operative site, the body of the robot has to adapt its shape to the surrounding moving organs while keeping the end effector stable. A DoF minimisation algorithm is designed to identify the minimum number of joints to be simultaneously actuated to ensure shape conformance whilst simplifying the control complexity of the system. Finally, optimal kinematic configurations of the platform are derived for performing two specific single incision procedures. The results, based on workspace requirements estimated through pre operative imaging of the patients, demonstrate the suitability of the system for such procedures. Results from in vivo experiments on porcine models are also provided to show the potential clinical value of the device.
Benchmarking Machine Learning Technologies for Software Defect Detection
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2015

Machine Learning approaches are good in solving problems that have less information. In most cases, the software domain problems characterize as a process of learning that depend on the various circumstances and changes accordingly. A predictive model is constructed by using machine learning approaches and classified them into defective and non defective modules. Machine learning techniques help developers to retrieve useful information after the classification and enable them to analyse data from different perspectives. Machine learning techniques are proven to be useful in terms of software bug prediction. This study used public available data sets of software modules and provides comparative performance analysis of different machine learning techniques for software bug prediction. Results showed most of the machine learning methods performed well on software bug datasets.
Evaluation of accuracy of shade selection using two spectrophotometer systems: Vita Easyshade and Degudent Shadepilot
Venue: European journal of dentistry
Year: 2017

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of shade matching using two spectrophotometric devices.  Thirteen patients who require a full coverage restoration for one of their maxillary central incisors were selected while the adjacent central incisor was intact. 3 same frameworks were constructed for each tooth using computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing technology. Shade matching was performed using Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, Shadepilot spectrophotometer, and Vitapan classical shade guide for the first, second, and third crown subsequently. After application, firing, and glazing of the porcelain, the color was evaluated and scored by five inspectors.  Both spectrophotometric systems showed significantly better results than visual method (P 0.05) while there were no significant differences between Vita Easyshade and Shadepilot spectrophotometers (P 0.05)  Spectrophotometers are a good substitute for visual color selection methods.
Evidence Based Clinical Skills Teaching and Learning: What Do We Really Know?
Venue: Journal of veterinary medical education
Year: 2019

The recent programmatic focus on skills development in veterinary medicine means that many programs are devoting increased time to formal clinical skills teaching. This expansion makes it essential that we use the time as effectively as possible. This review examines current practices and veterinary training principles using the broader field of evidence based motor skills learning as a lens. In many areas, current practices may be hindering learning. Proposed practices include using videos and discussions for pre laboratory training, focusing on a single complex skill at a time, using more near peer instructors rather than faculty, including assessments in each teaching or practice session, and encouraging supervised distributed practice by incorporating practice sessions into the formal curriculum. Ensuring mastery of a few core skills rather than exposure to many may be the new goal. Further research is urgently needed on block versus spiral curricula, optimum instructor to student ratios, learning and practice schedules, hours required for proficiency, and the benefits of exercise on motor skills learning.
Lest we forget Experiences in Heart Failure during Infancy and Early Childhood
Year: 2014

Timely identification and management of congenital heart diseases and other cardiac problems in infants is tantamount to preventing death, inoperability and long term sequel. This also helps to anticipate and treat heart failure and tackle issues which could precipitate or worsen this complication till a corrective surgery could be carried out. It is important to educate the parents as well as primary health care providers who are directly involved in management of such children. Advances in technology have facilitated diagnosis of critical congenital heart problems as early as pre natal stage for certain diseases and institute safe confinement at centres where sick new borns could either be operated upon or stabilized and referred for surgical or interventional procedures. However, it is easy to overlook diagnoses of cardiac problems in infancy and early childhood when working in busy conditions or resource poor primary care settings. The author narrates some of the clinical cues which would help a pediatrician to detect and manage such condition.
FAKTOR PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UMKM DALAM MENGAMBIL MODAL USAHA DENGAN MODEL PEER TO PEER (P2P) LENDING
Year: 2019

Data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises in 2018 showed that 58.52 million UMKM were micro business units. There are 80.9% who do not have access to bank financing. Financial technology (fin tech) is an innovation in the field of financial services lending and borrowing money based on information technology called P2P Lending. The formulation of problem is what factors support UMKM decision in taking venture capital with P2P Lending model. The benefits of the research for the parties concerned areas input to determine an effective marketing strategy and consideration for making regulations about P2P lending model. The study was conducted in Banyumas Regency with some 35 UMKM that had or were doing loans using P2P Lending model. Type of quantitative research data as primary data obtained from questionnaires, secondary data obtained from OJK, literature, journals, internet media. Non Probability sampling method with Snowball technique. The research data were analyzed using validity, reliability, descriptive analysis and factor analysis with SPSS software. Factors supporting UMKM in taking venture capital with P2P Lending model consist of five factors namely consumer assessment, service, loan products, lifestyle, and memory. Consumer assessment and service factors are the dominant factors obtained in the study.  Snowball, loan products, lifestyle, memory, financial technology
Melatonin, a novel selective ATF 6 inhibitor, induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX 2 downregulation
Venue: World journal of gastroenterology
Year: 2017

To clarify the mechanisms involved in the critical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress initiating unfolded protein response pathway modified by melatonin.  Hepatoma cells, HepG2, were cultured in vitro. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were used to measure HepG2 cell apoptosis. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods were used to determine the protein and messenger RNA levels of ER stress and apoptosis related genes' expression, respectively. Tissue microarray construction from patients was verified by immunohistochemical analysis.  In the present study, we first identified that melatonin selectively blocked activating transcription factor 6 (ATF 6) and then inhibited cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) expression, leading to enhanced liver cancer cell apoptosis under ER stress condition. Dramatically increased CCAAT enhancer binding protein homologous protein level, suppressed COX 2 and decreased Bcl 2/Bax ratio by melatonin or ATF 6 siRNA contributed the enhanced HepG2 cell apoptosis under tunicamycin (an ER stress inducer) stimulation. In clinical hepatocellular carcinoma patients, the close relationship between ATF 6 and COX 2 was further confirmed.  These findings indicate that melatonin as a novel selective ATF 6 inhibitor can sensitize human hepatoma cells to ER stress inducing apoptosis.
Akademia Baru The Use of Rubber Manufacturing Waste as Concrete Additive
Year: 2015

The enormous quantity of vehicle nowadays, to some extent, undermined the environment. Increasing the number of cars indirectly produce high volume of waste tires. The presence of waste tires is a major factor that contributes to the risk of breeding places for mosquitoes, while burning tires will cause air pollution. To minimize this problem from becoming more serious, many alternatives have been implemented recently, such as the application of waste tire as a construction material. The main concept is to reduce air pollution and to produce concrete that is environmentally friendly and practical for the construction industry. Based on these objectives, this study was conducted to determine whether rubber tires can act as a concrete additive. Pieces of waste tire replaced the aggregate in the concrete mix design. The size of the tire rubber was in the range between 10 20 mm. The mixture of coarse aggregate replacement percentages of rubber tires by weight were 1% 3 and 5% Concrete curing methods consist of wet and dry methods. All of the samples were preserved for 28 days. The results were then compared with the control concrete of mix rubber tires. Based on the research finding, rubber concrete mix has higher workability compared to control concrete mix. However, the compressive strength of rubber concrete mix is slightly lower than control concrete mix, but it is still acceptably strong. The analysis of the experimental results showed that replacing 2.5% of coarse aggregates by shredded tire increased the compressive strength of the concrete slightly but replacing more than 2.5% of coarse aggregates reduces the concrete strength.
Numerical analysis guidelines for the design of efficient novel nip structures for perovskite solar cell
Year: 2020

In this work, detailed analysis and guidelines were provided using solar cell capacitance software (SCAPS) to characterize possible novel n i p structures for M A P b I 3 based perovskite solar cells having device power conversion efficiency (PCE) greater than 22% To accomplish this task, we first optimize the performance of T i O 2 M A P b I 3 S p i r o M e O T A D device structure by finding the optimal parameters of thickness and doping concentration for each layer. After device optimization, we first apply eight different electron transport layers (ETL) to the given device structure by replacing each with T i O 2 in the SCAPS environment and analyzing the effect of each ETL on device performance. After evaluating device structure with different ETL layers, we then apply six different kesterite and quaternary compounds as a possible candidate for the HTL layer. From an analysis, we found forty nine new possible n i p device structures for each ETL and HTL layer having PCE variation from a value of 2% to 26.69% Among them the best possible n i p structures, we achieved are E T L M A P b I 3 C N T S having PCE greater than 24.84% to the maximum value of 26.69%
Environmental Safety and Security Investigations of Neustonic Microplastic Aggregates Near Water Air Interphase
Venue: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
Year: 2021

Scientific and public concerns due to presence of microplastic debris in the marine and freshwater environment is fueling concerns of its impact on aquatic ecosystems and public health. Major sources of water polluting microplastics are polyethylene and polypropylene, as they aggregate near the waterair interphase. Such neustonic hydrophobic cells attract spores of bacteria causing adverse impact on the environmental, health and food supply chain. The objectives of this review investigation were to (a) evaluate the concentration of microplastics with the sizes less 100 mm floating near the waterair interphase; (b) develop a phenomenological model to study fate and transport of microplastics; (c) analyze microbial coatings, and (d) assess potential impacts of biofilm coated neustonic microplastics on environment. A thorough review of microplastic pollution in marine environment was conducted in terms of its size distribution, toxicity and toxicokinetic pathways. Since biofilms coated microplastics float near the surface, hydrophobic cells of bacteria typically concentrate within a few micrometers layer of water air interphase. To develop a phenomenological model of neustonic floating biofilm coated microplastics, samples with the size of less than 100 mm were collected from within a few millimeters near the water air interphase and were subsequently concentrated using microfiltration of water samples for analysis. Results of the optical scan of hexadecane and bacterial cells formed on vertically submerged microscope slides near water air interphase are presented. Additionally, microplastics near a thin layer of water air interphase were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and particle analyzers. Since, hydrophobic and putative pathogenic bacteria are attached to water surface, which dominate near water air interphase, biofilm coated microplastics are more attractive for consumption by aquatic species than pure microplastics, which significantly increases negative impacts of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems and public health through foodchain supply. We conclude that it is critical to extend this investigation to include safety in terms of *e mail: prof.vaseashta@ieee.org DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/131947 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2021 06 07 Vaseashta A. et al. 3458
Direct simulation of rovibrational excitation and dissociation in molecular nitrogen using an ab initio potential energy surface
Year: 2015

We present an atomic level study of vibrational excitation and chemical dissociation in molecular nitrogen at high temperature. The computational techniques, quasiclassical trajectory calculations (QCT) and classical trajectory calculation direct simulation Monte Carlo (CTC DSMC) solely rely on the specification of a highly accurate ab initio surface for N2 N2 interactions. We show that the simulations accurately reproduce the vibrational relaxation times obtained from the Millikan White correlation and further support existing high temperature corrections. Using both QCT and CTC DSMC methods with the same PES, we show that dissociation proceeds 4 to 5 times faster under equilibrium conditions compared to quasi steady state nonequilibrium conditions. At high translational energies (20,000 K and 30,000 K) the overall vibrational energy ladder is depleted, and dissociation proceeds at a rate approximately corresponding to a lower vibrational temperature. Conversely, at lower energies (10,000 K) almost no dissociation occurs from low lying vibrational energy states. In this case, even a slight depletion of the upper level vibrational energy states, which preferentially dissociate and are not rapidly re populated due to slow bound bound energy transfer mechanisms, causes a remarkable reduction of the dissociation rate. The ab initio CTC DSMC method is able to directly simulate rovibrational excitation and dissociation processes without computing the large number of cross sections required by a state resolved approach, and can be used directly to form new CFD models.
Computer science/informatics in secondary education
Venue: ITiCSE WGR '11
Year: 2011

Computer Science (CS) Education research, specifically when focusing on secondary education, faces the difficulty of regionally differing political, legal, or curricular constraints. To date, many different studies exist that document the specific regional situations of teaching CS in secondary schools. This ITiCSE working group report documents the process of collecting, evaluating, and integrating research findings about CS in secondary schools from different countries. As an outcome, it presents a category system (Darmstadt Model) as a first step towards a framework that sup ports future research activities in this field and that supports the transfer of results between researchers and teachers in CS education (CSE) across regional or national boundaries. Exemplary application of the Darmstadt model shows in several important categories how different the situation of CSE in secondary education in various countries can be. The Darmstadt Model (DM) is now ready for discussion and suggestions for improvement by the CSE community.
Use of a gamma probe to identify and guide resection of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma: Report of a case
Venue: Surgery Today
Year: 2009

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) accounts for less than 0.005% of all cancers and less than 5% of causes of hyperparathyroidism. This tumor is difficult to identify during surgery, which is detrimental to the oncologic results. Surgery is still the main treatment for the primary tumor and to control parathyroid hormone levels after recurrence. We report a case of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma in a 30 year old man, identified and managed with the use of a gamma probe during surgery. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of a gamma probe being used to guide resection of a recurrent PC. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment, analyzing the current evidence based literature.
Extreme URLLC: Vision, Challenges, and Key Enablers
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Notwithstanding the significant traction gained by ultra reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) in both academia and 3GPP standardization, fundamentals of URLLC remain elusive. Meanwhile, new immersive and high stake control applications with much stricter reliability, latency and scalability requirements are posing unprecedented challenges in terms of system design and algorithmic solutions. This article aspires at providing a fresh and in depth look into URLLC by first examining the limitations of 5G URLLC, and putting forward key research directions for the next generation of URLLC, coined eXtreme ultra reliable and low latency communication (xURLLC) xURLLC is underpinned by three core concepts: (1) it leverages recent advances in machine learning (ML) for faster and reliable data driven predictions; (2) it fuses both radio frequency (RF) and non RF modalities for modeling and combating rare events without sacrificing spectral efficiency; and (3) it underscores the much needed joint communication and control co design, as opposed to the communication centric 5G URLLC. The intent of this article is to spearhead beyond 5G/6G mission critical applications by laying out a holistic vision of xURLLC, its research challenges and enabling technologies, while providing key insights grounded in selected use cases.
SEVA: A Systems Engineer's Virtual Assistant
Venue: AAAI Spring Symposium: Combining Machine Learning with Knowledge Engineering
Year: 2019

A Systems Engineer's Virtual Assistant (SEVA) is a novel attempt to bridge the gap between Natural Language Processing (NLP) Knowledge Base (KB) Construction research, and NASA's Systems Engineering domain. In this work, we propose the design of an explainable, human in the loop, and interactive personal assistant system. The assistant will help a Systems Engineer in their daily work environment through complex information management and high level questionanswering to augment their problem solving abilities. We describe the fundamental characteristics of the assistant by understanding operational, functional, and system requirements from Systems Engineers and NASA's Systems Engineering Handbook. The assistant is designed to act as a workbench to manage dynamic information about projects and analyze hypothetical scenarios. It is also designed to make logical inferences and perform temporal reasoning by handling domain information and information related to schedule and resources. In addition, the system learns new information over time by interacting with its user and can perform case based reasoning from previous experiences. The knowledge base design describes a novel hybrid approach to build a domainindependent common sense framework with which domainspecific engineers can attune it and build their projects. Using these specific objectives and constraints, the architecture of a personal assistant is proposed. Main contributions of this design paper are Systems Engineering (SE) domain analysis, a survey of existing research, preliminary experiments using the state of the art systems to explore the feasibility, a proposal of a complete architecture with component level detail, and identification of areas that require further research and development.