nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Domain specific machine translation with recurrent neural network for software localization
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering
Year: 2019

Software localization is the process of adapting a software product to the linguistic, cultural and technical requirements of a target market. It allows software companies to access foreign markets that would be otherwise difficult to penetrate. Many studies have been carried out to locate need to translate strings in software and adapt UI layout after text translation in the new language. However, no work has been done on the most important and time consuming step of software localization process, i.e. the translation of software text. Due to some unique characteristics of software text, for example, application specific meanings, context sensitive translation, domain specific rare words, general machine translation tools such as Google Translate cannot properly address linguistic and technical nuance in translating software text for software localization. In this paper, we propose a neural network based translation model specifically designed and trained for mobile application text translation. We collect large scale human translated bilingual sentence pairs inside different Android applications, which are crawled from Google Play store. We customize the original RNN encoder decoder neural machine translation model by adding categorical information addressing the domain specific rare word problem which is common phenomenon in software text. We evaluate our approach in translating the text of testing Android applications by both BLEU score and exact match rate. The results show that our method outperforms the general machine translation tool, Google Translate, and generates more acceptable translation for software localization with less needs for human revision. Our approach is language independent, and we show the generality of our approach between English and the other five official languages used in United Nation (UN)
Conditional privatization of a public siderophore enables Pseudomonas aeruginosa to resist cheater invasion
Venue: Nature Communications
Year: 2018

Understanding the mechanisms that promote cooperative behaviors of bacteria in their hosts is of great significance to clinical therapies. Environmental stress is generally believed to increase competition and reduce cooperation in bacteria. Here, we show that bacterial cooperation can in fact be maintained because of environmental stress. We show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates the secretion of iron scavenging siderophores in the presence of different environmental stresses, reserving this public good for private use in protection against reactive oxygen species when under stress. We term this strategy "conditional privatization" Using a combination of experimental evolution and theoretical modeling, we demonstrate that in the presence of environmental stress the conditional privatization strategy is resistant to invasion by non producing cheaters. These findings show how the regulation of public goods secretion under stress affects the evolutionary stability of cooperation in a pathogenic population, which may assist in the rational development of novel therapies.Pyoverdine is secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to scavenge iron from its hosts. Here, the authors show that under stress conditions P. aeruginosa uses a 'conditional privatization' strategy, reserving pyoverdine intracellularly to protect against oxidative damage.
Study on non saponification extraction process for rare earth separation
Year: 2013

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Dynamic NMR microscopy measurement of the dynamics and flow partitioning of colloidal particles in a bifurcation
Year: 2011

The flow and distribution of Newtonian, polymeric and colloid suspension fluids at low Reynolds numbers in bifurcations has importance in a wide range of disciplines, including microvascular physiology and microfluidic devices. A bifurcation consisting of circular capillaries laser etched into a hard polymer with inlet diameter 2.50 0.01 mm, bifurcating to a small diameter outlet of 0.76 0.01 mm and a large diameter outlet of 1.25 0.01 mm is examined. Four distinct fluids (water, 0.25%wt xanthan gum, 8 and 22%vol hard sphere colloidal suspensions) are flowed at flow rates from 10 to 30 ml/h corresponding to Reynolds numbers based on the entry flow from 0.001 to 8. PGSE NMR techniques are applied to obtain dynamic images of the fluids inside the bifurcation with spatial resolution of 59 x 59 mm/pixel in plane over a 200 mm thick slice. Velocity in all three spatial directions is examined to determine the impact of secondary flows and characterize the transport in the bifurcation. The velocity data provide direct measurement of the volumetric distribution of the flow between the two channels as a function of flow rate. Water and the 8% colloidal suspension show a constant distribution with increasing flow rate, the xanthan gum shows an increase in fluid going into the larger outlet with higher flow rate, and the 22% colloidal suspension shows a decrease in fluid entering the larger channel with higher flow rate. For the colloidal particle flow, the distribution of colloid particles down the capillary is determined by examining the spectrally resolved propagator for the oil inside the core shell particles in a direction perpendicular to the axial flow. Using dynamic magnetic resonance microscopy, the potential for using magnetic resonance for "particle counting" in a microscale bifurcation is thus demonstrated.
Quality Issues in ICT based Higher Education
Year: 2018

It is obvious that growing range of Information and Communication Technologies are not tools or processes that organizations or Higher Education Institutions are simply able to incorporate into their existing practice without significant change. For some institutions, it is beneficial to use the occasions offered by ICT development to stimulate the deep and thoughtful review of fundamental principles. Whereas, to some organizations, the changes in ICT in higher education is something to be handled with care, as they may put at risk at standards, quality, pedagogy and reputation that has been carefully built up over many years. This book consists of 16 chapters which present diversity and range of using ICT in higher education system. Using ICT and Quality Issues are matters of concern in all higher education system, and it is vital to develop an international perspective as to using ICTs effectively to deal with the issues due to the emerging development in Information, Communication, and Technologies. Meanwhile, ICT is affecting all aspects of the student experience, challenging the exclusivity of the teaching space and redefining the opportunities for learning. In this book, Stephen Fallows and Rakesh Bhanot provide various unseen issues that Higher Education Institutions encounter while implementing and effectively putting new technologies in learning and teaching process. Authors of the book also put forward essential solutions to make it available not only for Higher Education System but also any fields related to using ICT in learning and teaching practice.
Analyzing Global Epidemiology of Diseases Using Human in the Loop Bio Simulations
Venue: Human in the Loop Simulations
Year: 2011

Humanity is facing an increasing number of highly virulent and communicable diseases such as influenza. Combating such global diseases requires in depth knowledge of their epidemiology. The only practical method for discovering global epidemiological knowledge and identifying prophylactic strategies is simulation. However, several interrelated factors, including increasing model complexity, stochastic nature of diseases, and short analysis timeframes render exhaustive analysis an infeasible task. An effective approach to alleviate the aforementioned issues and enable efficient epidemiological analysis is to manually steer bio simulations to scenarios of interest. Selective steering preserves causality, inter dependencies, and stochastic characteristics in the model better than "seeding" i.e. manually setting simulation state. Accordingly, we have developed a novel Eco modeling and bio simulation environment called SEARUMS. The bio simulation infrastructure of SEARUMS permits a human in the loop to steer the simulation to scenarios of interest so that epidemics can be effectively modeled and analyzed. This article discusses mathematical principles underlying SEARUMS along with its software architecture and design. In addition, the article also presents the bio simulations and multi faceted case studies conducted using SEARUMS to elucidate its ability to forecast timelines, epicenters, and socio economic impacts of epidemics. Currently, the primary emphasis of SEARUMS is to ease global epidemiological analysis of avian influenza. However, the methodology is sufficiently generic and it can be adapted for other epidemiological analysis required to effectively combat various diseases.
Research integrity in China: problems and prospects.
Venue: Developing world bioethics
Year: 2010

In little more than 30 years, China has recovered from the intellectual stagnation brought about by the Cultural Revolution to become a global leader in science and technology. Like other leading countries in science and technology, China has encountered some ethical problems related to the conduct of research. China's leaders have taken some steps to respond to these problems, such as developing ethics policies and establishing oversight committees. To keep moving forward, China needs to continue to take effective action to promote research integrity. Some of the challenges China faces include additional policy development, promoting education in responsible conduct of research, protecting whistle blowers, and cultivating an ethical research environment.
Infrared small target detection based on visual saliency
Venue: 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC)
Year: 2016

Infrared small target detection is complex, especially when the background of the image is very complicated. This paper mainly deal with FLIR image which is from shipborne infrared warning system, and our task is to precisely segment small targets of the image. Inspired by the visual attention mechanism, we propose a new visual saliency algorithm for infrared detection of small targets in the sky sea background. This paper mainly include two parts. The first part use visual saliency to detect, and the second part segment targets based on Manifold Ranking.
Epilepsy Overview and Revised Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies
Venue: Continuum
Year: 2019

The classification of seizures, epilepsies, and epilepsy syndromes creates a framework for clinicians, researchers, and patients and their families. This classification has evolved over the years, and in 2017 the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) published an operational classification of seizures and epilepsies. Understanding this classification is important in the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of seizures and epilepsies, including epilepsy incidence.  The 2017 ILAE classification system builds on newly formulated definitions of seizures and epilepsy. Seizure classification begins by determining whether the initial manifestations of the seizure are focal or generalized. If the onset of the seizure is missed or unclear, the seizure is of unknown onset. Focal seizures are classified according to the individual's level of awareness, the most prominent motor or nonmotor features of the seizure, and whether the focal seizure evolves to a bilateral tonic clonic seizure. Similarly, generalized seizures are classified according to motor or nonmotor manifestations. Motor seizures are either tonic clonic or other motor seizures. Nonmotor generalized seizures primarily refer to absence seizures. Similar to seizure classification, the epilepsies can be classified as focal or generalized. In addition, the new classification system recognizes two new categories: combined generalized and focal epilepsy and unknown epilepsy. The concept of an epilepsy syndrome has been introduced under the new classification system and refers to a cluster of features incorporating seizure types, EEG, imaging, and other features including genetics. The new classification system emphasizes the etiology of seizures and epilepsies.  The recent ILAE seizure and epilepsy classification system aims to create a framework to better classify seizures and the epilepsies. Universal adoption and implementation of this system will enable patients, their families, clinicians, and researchers to better define and treat the epilepsies. Incidence studies have not generally classified seizures and the epilepsies, and use of this classification system, which emphasizes etiology, will lead to a better understanding of epilepsy incidence.
Mobile promotions as an omni channel retail strategy in shopping centers
Year: 2017

The stagnant economy and increasing popularity of the internet has changed shopping behavior. Consumers can use several channels simultaneously when reviewing and purchasing products. Consequently, consumers spend less time in a shopping center. This study investigates the acceptance and influence of mobile promotions on shopping behavior in a shopping center. Specifically, the effect of mobile promotions on consumers' tendency to visit farther away located stores and their visit duration was measured.An experiment was conducted as part of a survey amongst 731 respondents in three Dutch district shopping centers during Dec.2015 Feb.2016. Respondents were presented on an IPad with three promotions from different store categories (differing in value) at different positions in the shopping centers. They were asked if they would visit each of the promotion stores of which the location was shown to them on a map. Their reactions to these promotions in combination with their shopping behavior (stores that they had visited and planned to visit) were used to measure the distance they covered during their shopping visit as well as the change in this distance when including a promotion store.For the analyses first, a Geographic Information System was used to measure the various distances. Secondly, Logistic regression models were estimated to predict consumer's reaction to mobile promotions for five store categories (grocery, fashion, personal care, jewelry, and catering) based on the explanatory variables including personal characteristics and aspects of their shopping visit.Results showed that promotions are most effective for personal care and catering stores and least effective for jewelry stores. Also, consumers are unlikely to accept mobile promotions from grocery, fashion and catering stores if they have to increase the distance they had planned to cover during their visit to reach the promotion store. Mobile promotions therefore seem ineffective in order to achieve longer distances by the consumer in a shopping center. However, consumers may visit promotion stores located along their planned route, consequently increasing the number of stores visited and the duration of their stay in the shopping center. Other variables affecting the acceptance of a promotion are age, shopping motivation, education level, interest in a mobile app, promotion channel preference, and whether the promotion was shown just when the consumer arrived at the shopping center.
Analysis of Rolling Shutter Effect on ENF Based Video Forensics
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Year: 2019

Electric network frequency (ENF) is a time varying signal of the frequency of mains electricity in a power grid. It continuously fluctuates around a nominal value (50/60 Hz) due to changes in the supply and demand of power over time. Depending on these ENF variations, the luminous intensity of a mains powered light source also fluctuates. These fluctuations in luminance can be captured by video recordings. Accordingly, the ENF can be estimated from such videos by the analysis of steady content in the video scene. When videos are captured by using a rolling shutter sampling mechanism, as is done mostly with CMOS cameras, there is an idle period between successive frames. Consequently, a number of illumination samples of the scene are effectively lost due to the idle period. These missing samples affect the ENF estimation, in the sense of the frequency shift caused and the power attenuation that results. This paper develops an analytical model for videos captured using a rolling shutter mechanism. This model illustrates how the frequency of the main ENF harmonic varies depending on the idle period length, and how the power of the captured ENF attenuates as idle period increases. Based on this, a novel idle period estimation method for potential use in camera forensics that is able to operate independently of video frame rate is proposed. Finally, a novel time of recording verification approach based on the use of multiple ENF components, idle period assumptions, and the interpolation of missing ENF samples is also proposed.
Challenges and policies in Indonesia's energy sector
Year: 2016

Fossil fuels are central to Indonesia's energy policy, and its main source of export revenues. However, insufficient investment, the lack of transport infrastructure and an unwieldy regulatory environment are inhibiting the sector from reaching its full potential. Looking ahead, growing environmental concerns combined with sharp falls in coal prices and the on going shale gas revolution call into question the sustainability of an energy strategy based almost exclusively on fossil fuels. This viewpoint challenges Indonesia's current energy policy and proposes ways to increase its energy efficiency and use of renewables. In particular, its gas sector should be further developed to plug the gap until sufficient renewable energy, especially geothermal, comes on line. Government control over the oil industry via state owned Pertamina should be gradually reduced. Clarifying, streamlining and publicising simple regulations in energy, especially regarding land rights and on shore processing, and removing foreign ownership restrictions will help bring much needed investment. The pressure on the environment of natural resource exploitation should also be addressed by properly defining property rights and regulations regarding forest land, and implementing a positive implicit carbon price.
A etica no marketing e a liberdade do consumidor: a posicao do professor universitario Ethics in marketing and consumer freedom: the position of university professors
Year: 2018

O consumo faz parte da vida da sociedade e, consequentemente, das organizacoes responsaveis pela producao de bens e servicos que possam atender as demandas dos individuos. Neste ambiente competitivo entre a oferta e a demanda, as empresas desenvolvem estrategias de marketing com o objetivo de impulsionar as vendas. No entanto, se, de um lado, a literatura de marketing atribui o sucesso das estrategias ao atendimento das necessidades e desejos dos consumidores, por outro, ha criticas ao marketing. Esses julgamentos, geralmente depreciativos, acusam o marketing de uma subordinacao aos processos capitalistas e do uso de praticas desencadeadoras de um processo consumista. Considerando que os conhecimentos de marketing aplicados no mercado tambem sao aprendidos nos bancos das universidades, este artigo procurou saber, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, o pensamento de professores universitarios responsaveis pelas disciplinas de marketing dos estados de Goias, Minas Gerais e Sao Paulo, sobre o marketing, a etica e a liberdade do consumidor. Os resultados indicam um reconhecimento dos professores quanto as limitacoes do marketing para cumprir com os preceitos eticos ao incentivar o consumo com estrategias desvantajosas ao consumidor, mas ao mesmo tempo reconhecem que o individuo e livre para consumir.
SERVICE QUALITY FACTORS AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON LIFE INSURANCE SERVICES
Year: 2019

Service quality is well recognized to influence customer satisfaction. Companies are required to identify the aspects of service quality that determine customer satisfaction so that specific interventions can be implemented to ensure positive customer emotional reaction. The main objective of this study is to examine the level of all dimensions of service quality and customer satisfaction on life insurance services and to examine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction on life insurance services. A review of literature was conducted to find out the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. The literature review confirms this relationship. A survey was conducted to collect the required data for the study. The sample size of 273 life insurance customers was drawn from two different agencies in Selangor. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The result shows that all the service quality dimensions have relationship with customer satisfaction. Responsiveness demonstrates the highest positive correlation with customer satisfaction and assurance shows the least positive correlation with customer satisfaction. The implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
Align Refine: Non Autoregressive Speech Recognition via Iterative Realignment
Venue: NAACL
Year: 2021

Non autoregressive encoder decoder models greatly improve decoding speed over autoregressive models, at the expense of generation quality. To mitigate this, iterative decoding models repeatedly infill or refine the proposal of a non autoregressive model. However, editing at the level of output sequences limits model flexibility. We instead propose *iterative realignment* which by refining latent alignments allows more flexible edits in fewer steps. Our model, Align Refine, is an end to end Transformer which iteratively realigns connectionist temporal classification (CTC) alignments. On the WSJ dataset, Align Refine matches an autoregressive baseline with a 14x decoding speedup; on LibriSpeech, we reach an LM free test other WER of 9.0% (19% relative improvement on comparable work) in three iterations. We release our code at https:/github.com/amazon research/align refine.