nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Export demand elasticities and productivity as determinants of growth: estimates for Mauritius
Year: 2008

In this article, we combine the export led and import led growth hypotheses in a growth model in which the importation of foreign capital goods and the demand elasticities of own export products explain the growth opportunities and the technical progress of developing countries. This model, based on imported capital goods, uses Mauritius' data on capital investment, employment, export partners' growth and terms of trade to estimate price and income elasticities of export demand, total factor productivity growth and economies of scale. These elasticities are then used to assess how the growth in export partners' income is converted into domestic growth. The implications of the presence of low or high export demand elasticities are discussed by relating them to various strands of trade and growth literature. Based on the results of this estimation, we also calculate steady state growth rates, engine and handmaiden effects of growth as well as the dynamic steady state gains from trade for this latecomer export economy. The implications of steady state results are also discussed in the light of the Mauritian employment and growth perspectives.
Effect of displacement loading rates on mode I fracture toughness of fiber glass epoxy composite laminates
Venue: Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Year: 2019

Size effect method is used in determining mode I fracture characteristics of woven fiber glass/epoxy composite laminates for varying loading rates. Tensile testing of geometrically similar single edge notch (SEN) specimens with three widths 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm is carried out for four different displacement loading rates namely 1, 10, 100, 500 mm/min. For each width D and loading rate, the crack length a is varied as 0.125D, 0.25D, 0.375D and 0.5D. A total of 186 specimens are tested. The peak stresses s Nu the initial Youngs Modulus E xx and the shear modulus G xy are calculated. The fracture toughness K IC critical strain energy release rate G f and material characteristic length C f are calculated using linear regression analysis of non linear fracture mechanics equations. The values of G f and C f first decrease and then increase monotonically as loading rate changes from 1 to 500 mm/min. This behavior was explained using Bazant size effect equation relating nominal strength and specimen size. The study revealed change in modes of failure characterized by a jump in brittleness number as loading rate increases from 1 mm/min to 10 mm/min followed by decrease in brittleness number as loading rate increases from 10 mm/min to 500 mm/min. This conclusion was supported by highly magnified images of failed specimens using scanning electron microscope. A numerical algorithm to determine crack growth resistance curves (R curves) from peak load is also implemented. The R curves are geometry as well as loading rate dependent and give G f C f values which agree qualitatively and to some extent quantitatively with the linear regression approach.
Mobile Phones: Potential Sources of Nickel and Cobalt Exposure for Metal Allergic Patients.
Venue: Pediatric allergy, immunology, and pulmonology
Year: 2013

The use of cellular phones has risen exponentially with over 300 million subscribers. Nickel has been detected in cell phones and reports of contact dermatitis attributable to metals are present in the literature. We determined nickel and cobalt content in popular cell phones in the United States. Adults >18 years) who owned a flip phone, Blackberry(r) or iPhone(r) were eligible. Seventy two cell phones were tested using SmartPractice's(r) commercially available nickel and cobalt spot tests. Test areas included buttons, keypad, speakers, camera, and metal panels. Of the 72 cell phones tested, no iPhones or Droids(r) tested positive for nickel or cobalt. About 29.4% of Blackberrys [95% confidence interval (CI) 13% 53% tested positive for nickel; none were positive for cobalt. About 90.5% of flip phones (95% CI, 70% 99% tested positive for nickel and 52.4% of flip phones (95% CI, 32% 72% tested positive for cobalt. Our study indicates that nickel and cobalt are present in popular cell phones. Patients with known nickel or cobalt allergy may consider their cellular phones as a potential source of exposure. Further studies are needed to examine whether there is a direct association with metal content in cell phones and the manifestation of metal allergy.
Collapsing dynamics of a laser induced cavitation bubble near the edge of a rigid wall.
Venue: Ultrasonics sonochemistry
Year: 2020

In the present paper, the collapsing dynamics of a laser induced cavitation bubble near the edge of a rigid wall is experimentally investigated with a high speed photography system. For a symmetrical setup, the two primary control parameters of the bubble collapsing behavior include the equivalent maximum bubble radius and the distance between the bubble and the edge of the rigid wall. Based on the bubble interface deformation during the collapsing process, three typical cases are identified for the categorization of the phenomenon with the influences of the parameters revealed. Through a quantitative analysis of the obtained high speed photos, the motions of the bubble interface in different directions are given together with the calculations of the bubble centroid. The primary findings of the present paper could be summarized in terms of the bubble edge distance as follows. When the bubble is close to the edge, the movement of the bubble interface near the edge will be restricted with a clear neck formation in the middle part of the bubble. For this case, the edge could delay the bubble collapsing time up to 22% of the Rayleigh collapsing time. When the bubble is of the medium distance to the edge, the differences of the expansion or shrinkage of the bubble interface among different directions will be reduced with an olive shaped bubble formed during the collapsing process. For this range of parameters, the bubble moves rapidly toward the edge especially during the final collapsing stage. When the bubble is far away from the edge, the bubble will be a nearly spherical one.
Rubber Tapping Position and Harvesting Cup Detection Using Faster RCNN with MobileNetV2
Venue: 2019 23rd International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC)
Year: 2019

This paper presents the detection of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) tapping position (tapping path) and trunk mounted harvesting cup on RGB D images, which is the machine vision part of automatic rubber farming system. RGB D images are collected in real tapping environment. Camera is placed about 1.00 meter distance to the trunk which is feasible for robot platform.
Paclitaxel Induced Organizing Pneumonia With Intractable Hemoptysis.
Venue: American journal of therapeutics
Year: 2018

treatment as in the case described above.2,3 It is also important to note that clofazimine that was also used to treat the leg infection is commonly used to treat Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis for leprosy and tuberculosis, respectively. It is not known to cause pancreatitis and likely not the culprit. Hence, clofazimine was restarted to treat the leg infection, whereas tigecycline was discontinued. Moreover, the Naranjo score of 9 strongly points toward tigecycline being the cause of acute pancreatitis. Tigecycline has been shown to cause acute pancreatitis in few case reports and can be fatal if unrecognized. Although common causes should be excluded initially, it is equally important to recognize less common drug induced pancreatitis. It is recommended to obtain appropriate laboratory test results and imaging for timely diagnosis and discontinue the use of tigecycline immediately to prevent any fatal complications.
Palaeogravity calculations based on weight and mass estimates of four Tyrannosaurus rex specimens
Year: 2019

The dinosaur chosen for this study of palaeogravity was Tyrannosaurus rex since this is one of the best known carnivore theropod dinosaurs. 1 See for example: Harle (1911) Kort (1949) Pennycuick (1992, 2008, 2016) Hurrell (1994, 2011, 2012, 2014a, 2014b, 2018) Carey (2000) Mardfar (2000, 2012, 2016) Erickson (2001) Sato et al (2009) Scalera (2003a, 2003b) and Strutinski (2012, 2016a, 2016b)
Active Learning for LSTM autoencoder based Anomaly Detection in Electrocardiogram Readings
Venue: IAL@PKDD/ECML
Year: 2020

Recently, the amount of generated time series data has been increasing rapidly in many areas such as healthcare, security, meteorology and others. However, it is very rare that those time series are annotated. For this reason, unsupervised machine learning techniques such as anomaly detection are often used with such data. There exist many unsupervised algorithms for anomaly detection ranging from simple statistical techniques such as moving average or ARIMA till complex deep learning algorithms such as LSTM autoencoder. For a nice overview of the recent algorithms we refer to read [2,1] Difficulties with the unsupervised approach are: defining an anomaly score to correctly represent how anomalous is the time series, and setting a threshold for that score to distinguish between normal and anomaly data. Supervised anomaly detection, on the other hand, needs an expensive involvement of a human expert. An additional problem with supervised anomaly detection is usually the occurrence of very low ratio of anomalies, yielding highly imbalanced data. In this extended abstract, we propose an active learning extension for an anomaly detector based on a LSTM autoencoder. It performs active learning using various classification algorithms and addresses data imbalance with oversampling and under sampling techniques. We are currently testing it on the ECG5000 dataset from the UCR time series classification archive
What is the Age and Origin of the Spherule Bearing Layer in some Ross Sea Cores
Year: 2012

L.P. Khyranina (1985) was the first to suggest that there were two structures present on the Antarctic continental shelf beneath the Ross Sea. One was the ~100 km Bowers impact crater candidate. However, there was no solid evidence that proved an extraterrestrial impact produced the Bowers structure. Debate has ensued for decades on whether the Bowers structure was an impact crater. Now we have come close to finding an answer. We used core samples taken near the crater and sieved into four size fractions >250,>125,>63,>38 mm) Impact ejecta candidates were then picked from cores ELT 3208, ELT 32 03, ELT 32 43, ELT 32 06, DSDP 273, DSDP 274, and NPB 95 01 39KC and were analyzed for chemical composition and physical features. All but DSDP site 274 contain pure SiO2 glasses that resemble tektites. We also found candidates for flow textured impact glass and shocked quartz. This led us to conclude that the origin of the spherule bearing layer was from an impact. With the use of dated core NBP 95 01 39KC, we have constrained the age to lie between 7,305+ 80 BP and 11,150+ 95 BP (corrected radiocarbon ages) (Cunningham et al. 1999)
Capitalism with a conscience? A feminist informed exploration of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship in the UK
Year: 2014

The academic literature has long noted the position of social entrepreneurship as an under researched phenomenon. To contribute to the field of gender and social entrepreneurship effectively, this study approached social entrepreneurship as a process enacted within a wider social context which, like gender, was considered to be socially constructed. Whilst gender roles and the gendered division of labour have the potential to significantly, and negatively impact upon social entrepreneurial individuals, the practice of social entrepreneurship, and the development of social enterprise policy, these issues have not been sufficiently addressed in the emergent social enterprise and social entrepreneurship literature, and a substantial gap in knowledge and theory therefore persists. This thesis will make a contribution to knowledge by exploring the experiences of women social entrepreneurs operating in a variety of sectors, and in different locations across the UK, and applying a critical gender lens situated within a feminist theoretical framework within an under researched context, that of UK based social enterprise and social entrepreneurship. This thesis will offer theoretical contributions by advancing our understanding of the impact of gender of women's social entrepreneurial activities in the UK, through an investigation of the dominant discourses of SE and SEship and their enabling and constraining effects, through the exploration of the women social entrepreneurs' narrative construction of their social entrepreneurial identities, and their understandings of SE and SEship, and through an investigation of the effects of life experience on social entrepreneurial identity formation, and subsequent social enterprise establishment. As such, this thesis will contribute to the nascent gender and social entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the cumulative, and largely negative, effects of gender on women social entrepreneurs, and the ways in which gendered discourses, expectations, and stereotypes conspire with the 'grand narrative of social entrepreneurship' (Dey and Steyaert, 2010) to threaten women social entrepreneurs' professional and organisational legitimacy. Furthermore, it contributes to the critical feminist entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating the applicability and transferability of critical feminist theory to the social entrepreneurial context, and the insight that such transfer offers into this emergent area of research. Finally, it contributes to the mainstream entrepreneurship literature through its exploration of the nexus of life experience, values/morality, and social entrepreneurial action, which demonstrates the fundamental way in which values and morality are situated within the women's enactment of SEship through their SEs, and how these emerge as political responses to perceived injustices, in the form of (social) opportunity recognition, and are enacted as 'ethical profit maximisation'
Automatic Wheat Leaf Rust Detection and Grading Diagnosis via Embedded Image Processing System
Year: 2017

Wheat leaf rust is one of the major fungal diseases that makes severe drop in the wheat production. With the desire for rapid and accurate identification of disease, real time access to the degree of that and timely measures, a wheat leaf diseases detection system based on embedded image recognition technology is designed. The system adopted the ARM9 processor with the embedded Linux platform as the main body, and the program is developed in the Qt integrated environment. At first, the captured clear disease picture of wheat leaf rust was transformed into G single channel gray image of RGB model. Second, based on exploration Sobel operator method, vertical edges detection were implemented on the gray image, eliminate the background of image and extracts binary feature point set of disease spot. Third, the noisy points in the point set is further filtered out by flood filling algorithm. Finally, the area ratio of disease spots and leaf is calculated to get the precise diagnosis of disease level. It has been verified that the recognition rate reaches 96.2% and accuracy rated reaches 92.3% with the method of image processing, which is approximately equal to the result of human vision. This system can be used as agricultural robot to inspect in the field, realizing the intelligentization in detection, identification, diagnosis and classification of crop disease.
Alcohol and Acetaldehyde in Public Health: From Marvel to Menace
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
Year: 2010

Alcohol abuse is a serious medical and social problem. Although light to moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial to cardiovascular health, heavy drinking often results in organ damage and social problems. In addition, genetic susceptibility to the effect of alcohol on cancer and coronary heart disease differs across the population. A number of mechanisms including direct the toxicity of ethanol, its metabolites [e.g. acetaldehyde and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and oxidative stress may mediate alcoholic complications. Acetaldehyde, the primary metabolic product of ethanol, is an important candidate toxin in developing alcoholic diseases. Meanwhile, free radicals produced during ethanol metabolism and FAEEs are also important triggers for alcoholic damages.
Data Mining and Fusion Techniques for Wireless Intelligent Sensor Networks
Year: 2020

The Intelligent Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are autonomous sensing devices that can quickly sense or monitor physical or environmental conditions from the distributed networks. WSN is an integral part of the research area for the real time system. The Intelligent wireless sensor networks are to accomplish the vast volume actual time data to take agreement making process that improves the computational technology. That inclines the analysis of the state to traverse the data mining and fusion proficiencies concerning obtaining perception from vast sustained approaching data from intelligent wireless sensor networks. In recent years the intelligent system had been implemented on various techniques similar to data mining and fusion, potency alive routing, task scheduling, reliability, and restriction. In this chapter, we explain the data mining and data fusion technique based on the different types of intelligent wireless sensor networks that detect forest fire. The suggested model is based on the rate of data fusion and the level of information fusion. Information resources are gathered from the intelligent heterogeneous sensors from the forest at the data fusion stage. The fire can be identified in the stage of information fusion by calculating the probabilities of data fusion. The process of fire detection in the forest will be completed with the help of the data that is collected from intelligent wireless sensors. Afterward, it is implemented by the data mining algorithm. We examined the performance of the scheduled data fusion access radically and analyzed it with other measured approaches. Finally, we got the performance of the data mining and data fusion techniques as an intelligent wireless sensor network has improved as compared to others. Besides, we explain the advantages and disadvantages of data mining and data fusion techniques over traditional WSN and intelligent WSN.
The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on balance, gait and falls risk: a narrative review of the literature.
Venue: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
Year: 2020

Falls related hospitalisation and injury rates are steadily increasing globally due to a growth in the aging population, and the associated health problems that increase risk of falls. One such associated health problem is sleep disturbances and disorders. Recent cohort studies have shown that subjectively reported poor quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of falls. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterised by the repetitive reductions, or cessation, of airflow. Some studies have shown that OSA impairs posture/balance and gait with nocturnal hypoxemia the likely main cause. Emerging evidence suggests that treating OSA by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can improve gait, but no studies to date have examined the effect of CPAP on posture/balance. The overall control of balance relies on a complex interaction between several physiological functions including vestibular, muscle, visual and cognitive functions. We postulate that OSA impacts balance by affecting these different systems to various degrees, with the nocturnal hypoxic burden likely playing an important role. Importantly, these impairments in balance/posture and possible falls risk may be alleviated by OSA treatment. Larger mechanistic studies are needed to properly elucidate how OSA affects falls risk and future large scale randomised control trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of OSA treatment in reducing the risk of falls.
Thermo responsive adhesion properties of composite hydrogel microcapsules
Year: 2012

The present work describes the synthesis and characterisation of thermo responsive microcapsules consisting of poly N isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) hydrogel, hydrophilic citrate stabilized super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) that perform the function of a local heat source and hydrophobic nanoparticles (either SiO2 or oleic acid coated SPIONs) that stabilize the microcapsule surface. The microcapsules have been synthesized by the inverse Pickering emulsion polymerisation method. The effect of iron oxide concentration in the hydrogel on the shape, size, shrinkage ratio and heating rate of the microcapsules has been systematically investigated. The adhesion properties of the composite microcapsules towards a range of substrates have been characterised in a microfluidic flow cell and it was found that the temperature induced change of the microcapsule size is an effective way of controlling adhesion. The induction heating of the embedded SPIONs makes it possible to control adhesion remotely in environments where macroscopic heating is not possible.
Genetics of Coat Color I The Melanocortin 1 Receptor MC 1 R
Year: 2008

Consent is given to unlimited copying, downloading, quoting from, and distribution of this article for non commercial, non sale purposes only, provided the following conditions are met: the author of the article is clearly identified; Answers in Genesis is acknowledged as the copyright owner; Answers Research Journal and its website, www.answersresearchjournal.org, are acknowledged as the publication source; and the integrity of the work is not compromised in any way. For more information write to: Answers in Genesis, PO Box 510, Hebron, KY 41048,  The views expressed are those of the writer(s) and not necessarily those of the Answers Research Journal Editor or of Answers in Genesis.  The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is located on the surface of melanocytes (pigment cells) and is involved with switching melanin synthesis from the lighter red to yellow pheomelanin to the darker brown to black eumelanin. Most animals are capable of producing both pigments and have various shades of color distributed throughout their hair coats. Mutations in the MC1R can add interesting color patterns ranging from the all black phenotype of Chinese Meishan pigs to the all red color of the Irish Setter. Given the number of alleles within baramins (created kinds) much of the diversity at this locus must have developed since the genetic bottleneck at the Flood where only a single breeding pair was preserved for most baramins. Similarly, humans carry more alleles than can be accounted for by Noah and his family. Since mutations at this locus are not known to directly cause any disease and they add to the beauty and variety we see today, it appears that this locus was designed to vary. Furthermore, since there are non random patterns that have been observed which cannot be explained by known selection factors, it appears plausible that many of these mutations may actually be directed.