nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to evaluate software vulnerability prioritization
Venue: J. Syst. Softw.
Year: 2013

The aim of this study is to formulate an analysis model which can express the security grades of software vulnerability and serve as a basis for evaluating danger level of information program or filtering hazardous weaknesses of the system and improve it to counter the threat of different danger factors. Through the utilization of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) we will organize the crossover factors of the software blind spots and build an evaluation framework. First of all, via the fuzzy Delphi method the aspects and relative determinants affecting security will be filtered out. Then we will identify the value equation of each factor and settle down the fuzzy synthetic decision making model of software vulnerability. Thanks to this model we will be able to analyze the various degrees to which the vulnerability is affecting the security and this information will serve as a basis for future ameliorations of the system itself. The higher the security score obtained therefore imply securer system. Beside this, this study also propose an improvement from the traditional fuzzy synthetic decision making model for measuring the fuzziness between enhancement and independence of various aspects and criteria. Furthermore taking into consideration the subjectivity of human in reality and constructing the fuzzy integral decision making model. Through case study, we show that the evaluation model in question is practical and can be applied on the new software vulnerabilities and measure their degree of penetration. The fuzzy integral decision making emphasize through formulation the multiply add effect between different factors influencing information security.
Code Switching in Online Communication Among Arabic English Speakers
Year: 2017

Language is essential for communication. People who are involved in cross cultural communication have to be bilingual in order to interact with people from a different language background (Blackwell. Woolard, K. (2005) Bilingualism opens up various new pathways of thoughts, expressions, and it helps to reduce misunderstanding in interactions (Hidayat, T. 2012) The purpose of this review is to find out how code switching plays a vital role in language communication especially in the social media such as Facebook, Twitter, SMS and Chat. This study reviewed fifteen journal articles to examine the ways code switching was used. The review was to discover social phenomena and authentic identities of social actors. The study discovered that code switching has been used widely to unmask bilinguals' cultural background and group identity during online communication via Facebook. Finally, code switching can be used to obtain positive feelings to the interlocutor, which here was combined with introducing humour as an in group marker, quoting, and to some extent topic specificity as well as possible vocabulary limitation in one language or the other, in the online conversation by bilinguals such as to express group solidarity.
Predicting Twitter Engagement With Deep Language Models
Venue: RecSys Challenge
Year: 2020

Twitter has become one of the main information sharing platforms for millions of users world wide. Numerous tweets are created daily, many with highly time sensitive content such as breaking news, new multimedia content or personal updates. Consequently, accurately recommending relevant tweets to users in a timely manner is a highly important and challenging problem. The 2020 ACM RecSys Challenge is aimed at benchmarking leading recommendation models for this task. The challenge is based on a large and recent dataset of over 200M tweet engagements released by Twitter with content in over 50 languages. In this work we present our approach where we leverage recent advances in deep language modeling and attention architectures, to combine information from extracted features, user engagement history and target tweet content. We first fine tune leading multilingual language models M BERT and XLM R for Twitter data. Embeddings from these models are used to extract tweet and user history representations. We then combine all components together and jointly train them to maximize engagement prediction accuracy. Our approach achieves highly competitive performance placing 2'nd on the final private leaderboard. Full code is available here: https:/github.com/layer6ai labs/RecSys2020.
FRAME: A Generic Fractal Process Metamodel for Agile Methodologies
Venue: SERA
Year: 2009

The widespread need for flexibility and adaptability in software development processes has resulted in the emergence of Agile practices and principles. Although different in fine grained detail, all agile methodologies follow a common approach in their processes. To expose the common paradigm behind the design of agile processes, we have developed FRAME (FRactal Agile MEtamodel) a generic fractal process metamodel for agile process frameworks. Recursive application of FRAME at different levels of process design results in the specification of a configurable process framework; this framework serves as a basis for constructing agile methodologies through paradigm based Situational Method Engineering (SME) In order to explore how FRAME is manifest in existing agile processes, relevant activity patterns have been extracted from seven prominent agile processes, thus forming a repository of concrete FRAME components.
Delineating Psychopathy from Cognitive Empathy: The Case of Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale
Year: 2018

There is an ongoing debate regarding the content of psychopathy, especially about the status of antisocial behavior and disinhibition characteristics as core psychopathy features. Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS) represents a novel model of psychopathy based on core psychopathy markers such as Interpersonal manipulation, Egocentricity and Affective responsiveness. However, this model presupposes another narrow trait of psychopathy: cognitive responsiveness, which represents a lack of cognitive empathy. Since previous models of psychopathy do not depict this feature as a core psychopathy trait, the goal of this study was to empirically evaluate if the lack of cognitive empathy is a narrow psychopathy trait or its correlate. The research was conducted on a community sample via online study (N=342; Mage=23.7 years; 31% males) Results showed that the correlations between Cognitive responsiveness and other psychopathy features were significantly lower than intercorrelations of other three traits. Factor analysis, conducted on PPTS items, provided a two factor solution, where Cognitive responsiveness was yielded as a factor separate from other psychopathy indicators. Finally, the exploration of the shared latent space of psychopathy and cognitive empathy resulted in the two factor solution where psychopathy and the lack of cognitive empathy were extracted as correlated but separate latent variables. The data clearly supported the former model. Research results showed that the lack of cognitive empathy should not be considered an indicator of psychopathy but its correlate. The findings emphasize the need to be cautious in conceptualization of the psychopathy construct.
Structural Nativization in Postcolonial Englishes: The Complementation Profile of REMEMBER As a Case in Point
Year: 2020

Structural nativization, that is, 'the emergence of locally characteristic linguistic patterns and thus the genesis of a new variety of English' (Schneider 2007: 5 6) is said to be especially prone to occur in the complementation profile of verbs (and adjectives) in Postcolonial Englishes (PCEs) (Schneider 2007: 86) However, recent research on complementation across PCEs using large corpora has focused mainly on the frequency distribution of standard patterns. This study aims to broaden the scope by conducting a corpus based analysis using 12,000 token dataset drawn from The Corpus of Global Web based English (GloWbE; Davies 2013) to identify possible innovative patterns in the complementation profile of remember. The varieties selected are the PCEs Indian, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan Englishes, and British English as a reference variety. Following a holistic approach, the objective is not only to pinpoint possible instances of innovation but also explore the potential explanations of these. To do so, the complementation profile of the verb remember is considered from a diachronic perspective, mapping obsolete and regional complementation patterns and meanings (Visser 1963 1973; OED) Furthermore, the factors said to condition the linguistic evolution of PCEs are also discussed (Schneider 2007: 88 90, 99 10) The results show that there seem to be incipient traces, although very low in number, of non standard complementation patterns in the varieties explored, both first and second language varieties. Moreover, the diachronic complementation profile of remember, plus the factors said to influence the development of PCEs, can be seen as potential explanations for most of the patterns found.
The effects of behavioral intention on the choice to purchase energy saving appliances in China: the role of environmental attitude, concern, and perceived psychological benefits in shaping intention
Venue: Energy Efficiency
Year: 2019

Purchasing energy saving appliances is a sensible and practical way to reduce carbon emissions from the residential sector in China. This study examines the relationship between pro environment behavioral intention undergirded by environmental attitude and concern as well as perceived psychological benefits and the choice to purchase energy saving appliances among Chinese households. Integrating psychological benefits (i.e. warm glow and self express benefits) into the theory of planned behavior, a first of its kind for China, we designed and implemented a cross sectional online survey in 2016. We conducted Probit regression analyses based on the 942 effective responses collected. The results reveal that behavioral intention has significantly positive effects on the choice to purchase energy saving appliances. Environmental attitude and concern, as well as psychological benefits, have a significantly positive impact on respondents' behavioral intention to buy energy saving devices. Also, age and household size significantly and positively correlate with purchasing energy saving appliance decision. These results point to useful policy implications to boost consumer support for energy saving appliances in China and provide a foundation for similar research in other developing contexts.
Next generation of Line and Cable fault Locator for HVDC transmissions
Year: 2018

HVDC is often used for long transmission lines or long submarine cables creating a need for some kind of line fault locator for HVDC lines. The commonly used method in AC lines, to measure the impedance during the fault, does not work for HVDC lines. Therefore, ever since the mid 1970's, arrangements using the travelling wave principle with time tagging of the incoming waves has been employed. This requires accurately synchronized clocks in the two stations and up till the late 1980's this was accomplished by using dedicated high speed communication channels for clock synchronization. In 1990 the first line fault locator based on local clock synchronization using time synchronization from GPS satellites was introduced in the Quebec New England multiterminal HVDC link. For cable transmissions the need for on line fault location has been considered less important, as there are no temporary cable faults, so off line methods have in many cases been considered sufficient. When using the travelling wave principle on cables there is also the problem that the wave front arriving at the far end can be highly attenuated, which has so far made it difficult, or even impossible, to detect incoming waves with the high accuracy needed to apply the travelling wave type of fault locators. Now with the availability of high speed analog to digital converters, fast Digital Signal Processors (DSP) and large Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) it has been possible to introduce what can be referred to as the third generation on line fault locators. Here the incoming wave is not just detected and time tagged, but also digitally recorded with very high sample rate and with each sample accurately time tagged. This makes it feasible to apply the two sided travelling wave fault locators also to long HVDC cable installations. This new type of line fault locator has been installed and tested in the Pacific Intertie HVDC link, in two sections of the Quebec New England Multiterminal HVDC system and in the Baltic Cable, which is a 250 km submarine cable combined with a 12 km overhead line. This report presents the main characteristics of this new on line fault locator system and some staged fault measurement results.
A Survey on Medical Image Analysis using Deep Learning Techniques
Year: 2019

Deep learning algorithms, in particular convolution networks, have rapidly become a methodology of choice for analyzing medical images. Deep learning architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks and recurrent neural networks have been applied to analyze medical images. This survey reviews the major deep learning concepts pertinent to medical image analysis and explains the use of deep learning for image classification, object detection, segmentation, registration, and other tasks. Concise overviews are provided of studies per application area: neuro, retinal, pulmonary, digital pathology, breast, cardiac, abdominal, musculoskeletal. This survey also discusses about different databases used for medical image analysis. Finally, it discusses briefly about issues and research challenges faced by researchers along with future direction.
Development of Personal Information Privacy Concerns Evaluation
Year: 2019

Personal data collection and utilization are increasingly taking place today as a part of the application of personal data intensive systems and services. Both individuals and data collecting organizations benefit from this. Personal data are collected and processed by private companies and public organizations for various purposes, for example, for delivery of more personalized services and for marketing. Despite its usefulness, extensive personal data collection raises privacy concerns among data subjects, and these concerns are also discussed in public very often. For example, vehicle GPS tracking based kilometer taxation has been recently under debate. This debate has shown that vehicle tracking data can also be used for purposes other than taxation, and that it can be combined with other data, for example, for producing traffic information services by private or public organizations. Information privacy concerns derive from data subjects' desire to not be monitored, and their worries about the consequences of the use of their data. Privacy concerns often decrease data subjects' willingness to disclose their personal data or to use services that require personal data disclosure. For this reason, privacy concerns may lead to non adoption of new services and technologies, dropping out of them, or a decline in data disclosure (i.e. omitting data or providing false information) To address these issues, we need to understand how to evaluate privacy concerns in current and future evolving service development contexts. We need insights into how privacy concerns have been evaluated in earlier contexts in order to adapt evaluations to new contexts. In many countries, legislation sets the foundation for protecting personal data privacy and provides a framework for implementing privacy protection methods and technologies. However, it does not really suppress privacy concerns of the data intensive services' users. People's privacy concerns need to be understood to apply legislation in present day data collection contexts, characterized by rapid technological change, expanded data collection, diverse uses for collected data, and possibilities to monitor individuals' behavior and combine data from different sources. This understanding can be gained with well designed privacy concerns evaluation instruments. When privacy concerns are evaluated and analyzed, their negative effects on personal data disclosure can be mitigated. In this way, more efficient promotion of personal data intensive services and realization of their benefits for both service users and providers can be reached. In practice, privacy concerns can be addressed by various means based on their evaluation. First, the means of privacy protection and the real risks of data disclosure can be communicated to the data subjects and the general public. Second, data subjects can be given control over their information, and benefits can be offered to them for disclosing information. Anna Rohunen University of Oulu, Finland
Depression, anxiety and stress among patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID 19 pandemic: Australian national survey
Venue: BMJ open gastroenterology
Year: 2021

The global COVID 19 pandemic has impacted on the mental health of individuals, particularly those with chronic illnesses. We aimed to quantify stress, anxiety and depression among individuals with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Australia during the pandemic.  An electronic survey was made available to IBD patients Australia wide from 17 June to 12 July 2020. Respondents with an underlying diagnosis of IBD and over 18 years of age were included. A validated questionnaire (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Score 21, DASS21) was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress. Data on potential predictors of depression, anxiety and stress were collected. Results 352 participated in the survey across Australia. 60.5% of respondents fulfilled DASS criteria for at least moderate depression, anxiety or stress. 45% reported a pre existing diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Over 2/3 of these respondents reported worsening of their pre existing depression/anxiety due to the current pandemic. Of those without a pre existing diagnosis of anxiety or depression, high rates of at least moderate to severe depression (34.9% anxiety (32.0% and stress (29.7% were noted. Younger age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98, p<0.001) lack of access to an IBD nurse (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.19, p=0.04) and lack of education on reducing infection risk (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.50, p=0.017) were associated with significant stress, anxiety and/or depression.  High prevalence of undiagnosed depression, anxiety and stress was identified among respondents. Improved access to IBD nurse support and greater attention to education are modifiable factors that may reduce depression, anxiety and/or stress among patients with IBD during the pandemic.
Attenuation of Oxidative Stress by Ischemic Preconditioning in an Experimental Model of Intraabdominal Hypertension
Venue: Journal of investigative surgery the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research
Year: 2015

Increased intra abdominal pressure, as used in laparoscopic surgery or seen in intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) is associated with tissue ischemia and oxidative stress. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is a method successfully used in liver and transplant surgery, in order to attenuate the detrimental effects of ischemia and reperfusion. In this experimental study, we tested the ability of IP to modify oxidative stress induced by extremely high intraabdominal pressures.  Twenty five female pigs were studied and divided in three groups: a control group, a pneumoperitoneum group (with pressure of 30 mmHg) and an ischemic preconditioning group (initially subjected to preconditioning with pressure of 25 mmHg for 15 min and desufflation for 15 min and then to pneumoperitoneum as in pneumoperitoneum group) Blood samples were obtained at identical time intervals in the three groups. Total oxidative capacity, total antioxidative capacity and total nitric oxide (NO) nitrite and nitrate concentrations were measured and compared between groups.  IP increased total antioxidative capacity (p .045) and protective mediators like nitrite (p .022) It was also associated with a trend toward lower levels of total oxidative capacity at the end of the abdominal desufflation period but statistical significance was not met.  IP attenuated oxidative stress induced by IAH, mainly by increasing antioxidative capacity and the levels of protective mediators. The fact that IP was effective, even when used at extremely high levels of intraabdominal pressure, reinforces the interest on this method but further studies are needed to clarify its mechanism of action and potential clinical applications.
Mobile Technology Care Coordination of Long Term Services and Support: Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Venue: Journal of applied gerontology the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society
Year: 2020

The purpose of the study was to assess whether the effects of a mobile predictive intervention used by Service Coordinators (SCs) reduce hospital utilization in a Medicaid Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS) population in Baltimore city during a 5 month intervention. SC participants (n 11) were recruited to treatment or control groups. LTSS clients (n 420) followed their SC randomization assignment. Utilization data were obtained from the Maryland Chesapeake Regional Information System for our Patients (CRISP) Health Information Exchange (HIE) system and linked to service coordination records. Study groups were similar in age, gender, race, and years receiving LTSS. SCs' satisfaction with use of the mobile tool was surveyed. SC perceptions were neutral (mean scores ranged from 2.3 to 3.3 on a 5 point scale) No significant differences between groups were observed for all utilization metrics. The mobile technology software system used in this study did not improve health care utilization for a LTSS population needing ongoing clinical and social services coordinated care.
Usefulness of pathological examinations of the central nervous system for monitoring and controlling perinatal lamb mortality.
Venue: Animal an international journal of animal bioscience
Year: 2020

Correct diagnosis of cause of death is necessary to suggest the most effective management interventions to reduce perinatal lamb mortality. Haemorrhage on the surface of the brain has been used as a field diagnostic tool to allocate lambs to a cause of death category, but the usefulness of this method was unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether gross pathology was related to neuronal death and whether haemorrhage of the central nervous system (CNS) was distinct between differing causes of death, enabling indicators to be used in field diagnoses. Lambs dying from natural causes (n 64) and from euthanasia (n 7) underwent postmortem examination, then the brain and spinal cord were extracted and examined histologically. Histological changes consistent with neuronal death were not detected in any lamb. Haemorrhage of the meninges and/or parenchyma of the CNS occurred in all lambs. The age of the haemorrhage indicated that it occurred near the time of death in most lambs. Dilation of blood vessels varied in severity but appeared to be unrelated to causal diagnosis, severity of subcutaneous oedema, breathing or milk status. Moderate or severe dilation of blood vessels and haemorrhage of the CNS did not occur in all lambs with alternative clear indicators of dystocia and occurred in all death classifications, so it could not be used as diagnostic indicators for classification of cause of death. Dilation and haemorrhage were unrelated to neuronal damage and may have been artefactual. In conclusion, haemorrhage of the CNS was not indicative of neuronal damage and could not be used to distinguish between lambs with clear indicators of differing causes of death, so it is not recommended as a field diagnostic tool.