nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct and seasonal legacy effects of the 2018 heat wave and drought on European ecosystem productivity
Venue: Science Advances
Year: 2020

Ecosystems responded asymmetrically to the 2018 European drought. In summer 2018, central and northern Europe were stricken by extreme drought and heat (DH2018) The DH2018 differed from previous events in being preceded by extreme spring warming and brightening, but moderate rainfall deficits, yet registering the fastest transition between wet winter conditions and extreme summer drought. Using 11 vegetation models, we show that spring conditions promoted increased vegetation growth, which, in turn, contributed to fast soil moisture depletion, amplifying the summer drought. We find regional asymmetries in summer ecosystem carbon fluxes: increased (reduced) sink in the northern (southern) areas affected by drought. These asymmetries can be explained by distinct legacy effects of spring growth and of water use efficiency dynamics mediated by vegetation composition, rather than by distinct ecosystem responses to summer heat/drought. The asymmetries in carbon and water exchanges during spring and summer 2018 suggest that future land management strategies could influence patterns of summer heat waves and droughts under long term warming.
Haptic phonemes: basic building blocks of haptic communication
Venue: ICMI '06
Year: 2006

A haptic phoneme represents the smallest unit of a constructed haptic signal to which a meaning can be assigned. These haptic phonemes can be combined serially or in parallel to form haptic words, or haptic icons, which can hold more elaborate meanings for their users. Here, we use phonemes which consist of brief <2 seconds) haptic stimuli composed of a simple waveform at a constant frequency and amplitude. Building on previous results showing that a set of 12 such haptic stimuli can be perceptually distinguished, here we test learnability and recall of associations for arbitrarily chosen stimulus meaning pairs. We found that users could consistently recall an arbitrary association between a haptic stimulus and its assigned arbitrary meaning in a 9 phoneme set, during a 45 minute test period following a reinforced learning stage.
Leading changes: Why transformation explanations fail
Year: 2016

Professor John Kotter (1995) claimed in Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail to have identified eight leadership errors which resulted in transformation failures. He followed this up in 1996 with his best selling book Leading Change, prescribing an eight step model for leading transformations encouraging change leaders to create a sense of urgency, build powerful guiding coalitions and develop visions. Kotter openly acknowledged that he neither drew examples nor major ideas from any published source, except his own writing. In the 2012 edition of his book, which included a new preface, Kotter claimed that his book was now more relevant than when it was first published. As leaders knowingly or unknowingly still use Kotter's steps and academics still cite this book, this paper critically assesses Kotter's claim about the relevance of Leading Change. Three conclusions are drawn; Leading Change remains an enduring landmark leadership study, but Leading Change is stuck in the past and paradoxically today discourages change.
On Innovation Performance of Low Carbon Technology Breakthrough Innovation Network in Manufacturing Industry Under the Global Value Chain: A Case Study Based on Chinese Manufacturing Industries
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

The strengthening scientific and reasonable quantitative evaluation of innovation performance of low carbon technology breakthrough innovation network in manufacturing industry under the background of economic globalization is of important significance, which can enrich relevant theoretical system of low carbon technology breakthrough and improve the core competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industries. In this paper, the scientific and reasonable quantitative evaluation of the innovation performance of low carbon technology breakthrough innovation network is firstly determined as a dynamic (time varying) evaluation problem, which involves multi source influencing factors. Note that many evaluation objects in the innovation performance of an innovation network are gray, ambiguous and dynamic variables, which are difficult to be quantified and the collected industrial data has certain discreteness and fluctuation. Hence, a fuzzy clustering analysis on influencing variables of innovation performance of low carbon technology innovation network is carried out via the sampling data from 28 manufacturing industries during 2011 2016. Moreover, an innovation performance evaluation model for low carbon technology innovation network is constructed through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) grey theory and fuzzy clustering analysis. Based on this model, the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of innovation performances of the innovation network before and after low carbon technology breakthrough are realized. The results show that the low carbon technology breakthrough innovation has a positive effect on improving the development level of manufacturing industry. In addition, the construction performance evaluation model not only decreases the influences of subjective factors by combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, but also applies the grey theory innovatively to determine the membership matrix. It realizes accurate, systematic and scientific evaluation of the innovation performance of the low carbon technology breakthrough innovation network in the manufacturing industries. Finally, the research conclusions provide the theoretical and practical references to the strategic arrangement of the low carbon technology breakthrough innovation in Chinese manufacturing industries.
Experimental analysis of the effects of social relations on mobile application recommendation
Year: 2012

In this paper, we empirically analyze the effects of social relations on the recommendation of mobile applications in a community of students at a university. We identify three social relations by questionnaires and two relations by students properties, and examine their effects from a wide variety of perspectives in the framework of top N recommendation by user and item based collaborative filtering with two re ranking mechanisms. In the analysis, we assess the difference of the effects by the origin and strength of social relations as well as by the methods of collaborative filtering and re ranking mechanisms. As a result of the analysis, we confirm that appropriate social relations can significantly improve the performance of recommendation, in terms of increasing diversity and novelty with keeping high accuracy, especially for the late adopters.
Creative dance as a tool for developing preschoolers' communicative skills and movement expression
Year: 2018

Communication among children as a social skill is a basic goal in preschool education and creative dance, as an expressive, aesthetic, non verbal language, can be one of the tools to achieve that. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of a creative dance program, focusing on the development of communicative relations among children and their movement expressivity. An interventional program of creative dance was designed and implemented in an average kindergarten for eight weeks, aiming a) at the development of communicative relations, represented as cooperation, responsibility, initiative and activity for common entertainment and b) at movement expressivity, represented as body expression, expressive use of materials and expressing a concept. An observation protocol and a rubric were designed to evaluate children's performance at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Forty nine preschoolers participated, divided into two groups: experimental (n=25) and control (n=24) One way repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to compare separately communication relations and expressivity before and after the intervention (Time1, Time 2) and between groups. Concerning both communication relations and expressivity, there was a significant interaction effect between time and group (p<.001) which is evidence for the effectiveness of the program. Nevertheless, further research on a larger sample is needed.
The influence of volition on breathing swallowing coordination in healthy adults.
Venue: Behavioral neuroscience
Year: 2007

This research was designed to clarify the role of cortical modulation in the coordination of respiration and swallowing. Time locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics were used to evaluate nonnutritive breathing swallowing coordination (BSC) and swallowing apnea duration (SAD) of 20 healthy adults during 3 conditions. These conditions represented a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation: voluntarily initiated swallows during wakefulness, nonvolitional awake swallows, and reflexively initiated swallows during sleep. Differing proportions of swallows at the cusps between inspiration and expiration were found between the volitional and nonvolitional conditions, irrespective of the level of arousal. SAD was unaltered by condition. In conclusion, BSC is influenced by degree of volition but not by level of arousal. This implies that cortical influence on BSC is limited to conditions in which swallowing is voluntarily initiated and indirectly implicates the recruitment of the supplementary motor or insular cortices. SAD remained stable across conditions and may therefore be considered relatively impervious to suprabulbar influence.
Effect of Plasma Sprayed Metal Matrix Composite Coatings on Performance of IC Engine
Year: 2015

The quest for increasing the efficiency of an internal combustion engine has been going on ever since the invention of this reliable workhouse of the automotive world. To achieve this cool giving more attention focused recently by reducing energy cost to the coolant during the power stroke of the cycle. Ceramic creating also has application as thermal barriers to improve the efficiency of the engines by reducing energy loss and cooling requirement. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of ceramic coating on petrol engines effective efficiency at different engine loads and speeds. Experiments were conducted with the three cylinders multipoint fuel injection (MPFI) engine, before to know the coating conditions of the Piston, need to test the Engine at different type of Load and Speed conditions. By using the plasma coating method Ceramic layers are made of Al2O3 based on the NiCrAl bond coat by using base of the plasma coating method the same condition was tested in the ceramic coated research engine as the standard (without coating) engines. The results should be reduction in emission characteristic and an increase in effective efficiency. Index Term Ceramic, Ceramic Coating, Multipoint Fuel Injection engine and Plasma Coating Method.
Effects of histidine supplementation on amino acid metabolism in rats.
Venue: Physiological research
Year: 2019

Histidine (HIS) is investigated for therapy of various disorders and as a nutritional supplement to enhance muscle performance. We examined effects of HIS on amino acid and protein metabolism. Rats consumed HIS in a drinking water at a dose of 0.5 g/l (low HIS) 2 g/l (high HIS) or 0 g/l (control) for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the animals were euthanized and blood plasma, liver, soleus (SOL) tibialis (TIB) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles analysed. HIS supplementation increased food intake, body weight and weights and protein contents of the liver and kidneys, but not muscles. In blood plasma there were increases in glucose, urea, and several amino acids, particularly alanine, proline, aspartate, and glutamate and in high HIS group, ammonia was increased. The main findings in the liver were decreased concentrations of methionine, aspartate, and glycine and increased alanine. In muscles of HIS consuming animals increased alanine and glutamine. In high HIS group (in SOL and TIB) increased chymotrypsin like activity of proteasome (indicates increased proteolysis) in SOL decreased anserine (beta alanyl N1 methylhistidine) We conclude that HIS supplementation increases ammonia production, alanine and glutamine synthesis in muscles, affects turnover of proteins and HIS containing peptides, and increases requirements for glycine and methionine.
Semantic Interoperability through the Definition of Conceptual Model Transformations
Venue: Trans. GIS
Year: 2008

To solve the currently urgent problem of collecting critical data across system and country borders without modification of any source system, we present a model based 4step procedure. Its core is a new language for "horizontal" mapping of conceptual models, which is introduced by a small but multi face example. It is further shown that this PIM PIM mapping of platform independent models needs to be completed by an appropriate "vertical" PIM PSM mapping between platform independent and platform specific models from the conceptual level to the (physical) format level. Together with geometric operations this combination of two model mapping types provides an effective semantic interoperability. Our work is based on practical experiences with the application of the MDA in Switzerland and a short review of these is given as introduction. Finally, the outlook sketches the near future with the integration of our 4step procedure into web services providing e.g. a transformation enabled model driven WFS.
Traffic Simulation with SUMO Simulation of Urban Mobility
Year: 2010

SUMO is a microscopic road traffic simulation made available as open source under the GPL license. The complete suite includes tools for importing road networks, generating routes from different sources, and two versions of the traffic simulation itself, one started from the command line and one including a graphical user interface. The simulation uses the microscopic, space continuous and time discrete car following model developed by S. Kraus and a lane changing model developed within the work on the simulation. Traffic assignment is normally performed using the iterative approach formulated by C. Gawron, but further methods, such as a one shot assignment method, exists. The traffic simulation offers a socket based interface to external applications, allowing to interact with a running simulation online. Values and states of objects the simulation consists of can be both retrieved and changed. SUMO has been used within different projects both by the DLR and by external organizations. The software and documentation can be accessed at http:/sumo.sf.net.
Comparative performance of GPU, SIMD and OpenMP systems for raw template matching in computer vision
Venue: WSCG 2011
Year: 2011

Template matching is a traditional technique of Computer Vision whose advantages and disadvantages are known. However, advances in computer hardware allow computing it effectively with the use of SIMD instruction set, GPUs or multi core systems. The computation of that low level primitive in sub millisecond scale would improve high theoretical methods if they are used with high efficient primitives. This paper presents the comparative results of basic template matching by using SIMD instructions, multi core systems and multi GPU implementations. The results of this study will show that the high specialized instruction in modern releases of SIMD and the use of multi core systems outperforms the implementations based on GPUs for small mask size due to memory transfer cost. However, for big mask size GPU and SIMD systems have similar performance.
Dermatologist Level Dermoscopy Skin Cancer Classification Using Different Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks Algorithms
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

In this paper, the effectiveness and capability of convolutional neural networks have been studied in the classification of 8 skin diseases. Different pre trained state of the art architectures (DenseNet 201, ResNet 152, Inception v3, InceptionResNet v2) were used and applied on 10135 dermoscopy skin images in total (HAM10000: 10015, PH2: 120) The utilized dataset includes 8 diagnostic categories melanoma, melanocytic nevi, basal cell carcinoma, benign keratosis, actinic keratosis and intraepithelial carcinoma, dermatofibroma, vascular lesions, and atypical nevi. The aim is to compare the ability of deep learning with the performance of highly trained dermatologists. Overall, the mean results show that all deep learning models outperformed dermatologists (at least 11% The best ROC AUC values for melanoma and basal cell carcinoma are 94.40% (ResNet 152) and 99.30% (DenseNet 201) versus 82.26% and 88.82% of dermatologists, respectively. Also, DenseNet 201 had the highest macro and micro averaged AUC values for overall classification (98.16% 98.79% respectively)
On self dual double circulant codes
Venue: Des. Codes Cryptogr.
Year: 2018

Self dual double circulant codes of odd dimension are shown to be dihedral in even characteristic and consta dihedral in odd characteristic. Exact counting formulae are derived for them, generalizing some old results of MacWilliams on the enumeration of circulant orthogonal matrices. These formulae, in turn, are instrumental in deriving a Varshamov Gilbert bound on the relative minimum distance of this family of codes.
Validation of GRACE based groundwater storage anomaly using in situ groundwater level measurements in India
Year: 2016

In this study, we tried to validate groundwater storage (GWS) anomaly obtained from a combination of GRACE and land surface model based estimates, for the first time, with GWS anomaly obtained from a dense network of in situ groundwater observation wells within 12 major river basins in India. We used seasonal data from >15,000 groundwater observation wells between 2005 and 2013, distributed all over the country. Two recently released GRACE products, RL05 spherical harmonics (SH) and RL05 mascon (MS) products are used for comparison with in situ data. To our knowledge, this is the first study of comparing the performance of two independent GRACE products at a sub continental scale. Also for the first time, we have created a high resolution (0.1 0 x 0.1 0 map of specific yield for the entire country that was used for calculating GWS. Observed GWS anomalies have been computed using water level anomalies and specific yield information for the locale of individual observation wells that are up scaled to basin scale in order to compare with GRACE based estimates. In general GRACE based estimates match well (on the basis of the statistical analyses performed in the study) with observed estimates in most of the river basins. On comparing with observed GWS anomaly, GRACE SH estimates match well in terms of RMSE, while GRACE MS estimates show better association in terms of correlation, while the output of skewness, kurtosis, coefficient of variation (CV) and scatter analyses remain inconclusive for inter comparison between two GRACE estimates. We used a non parametric trend estimation approach, the Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter, to further assess the performance of the two GRACE estimates. GRACE MS estimates clearly outperform GRACE SH estimates for reproducing observed GWS anomaly trends with significantly >95% confidence level) strong association in 10 out of 12 basins for GRACE MS estimates, on the other hand, GRACE SH estimates show significantly >95% confidence level) strong association in 6 out of 12 basins. On the basis of the study output, we recommend using GRACE MS estimates for groundwater studies over the region and other regions of the globe with similar climatic, hydrogeologic or groundwater withdrawal conditions.
Caring for caregivers and patients: Research and clinical priorities for informal cancer caregiving
Venue: Cancer
Year: 2016

Informal/family caregivers are a fundamental source of care for cancer patients in the United States, yet the population of caregivers and their tasks, psychosocial needs, and health outcomes are not well understood. Changes in the nature of cancer care and its delivery, along with the growing population of survivors and their caregivers, warrant increased attention to the roles and demands of caregiving. This article reviews current evidence presented at a 2 day meeting examining the state of the science of informal cancer caregiving that was convened by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Nursing Research. The meeting sought to define who is an informal cancer caregiver, summarize the state of the science in informal cancer caregiving, and describe both the kinds of interventions developed to address caregiving challenges and the various outcomes used to evaluate their impact. This article offers recommendations for moving science forward in 4 areas: 1) improving the estimation of the prevalence and burden of informal cancer caregiving; 2) advancing the development of interventions designed to improve outcomes for cancer patients, caregivers, and patient caregiver dyads; 3) generating and testing strategies for integrating caregivers into formal health care settings; and 4) promoting the use of technology to support informal cancer caregivers. Cancer 2016;122:1987 95.
Laplace inversion for the solution of an abstract heat equation without the forward transform of the source term
Venue: J. Num. Math.
Year: 2017

We consider the discretization in time of inhomogeneous parabolic equations, using the technique of Laplace inversion along a contour located in the complex left half plane which, after transformation to a finite interval, is then evaluated to high accuracy by a contour quadrature rule. This reduces the problem to a finite set of elliptic equations with complex coefficients, which may be solved in parallel. A serious problem is how to treat the source term f(t) because at each quadrature node along the contour we need its Laplace forward transform, which unfortunately is often unavailable. In this paper, we propose a new contour quadrature which does not require direct use of the Laplace forward transform of f(t) Compared to the existing contour quadratures, error analysis shows that the new quadrature possesses competitive asymptotic order of accuracy and numerical results show that when regularity of the initial term and/or differentiability of f(t) is not satisfied, the new quadrature is more accurate.