OPTIMUM ROUTE SELECTION USING FF AOMDV TO INCREASE PACKET DELIVERY RATIO IN MANET
Year: 2020

MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network without the reliance on any infrastructure or central administration. MANET is a self governing network. It has some vulnerability against unity of attacks. One of these attacks is the black hole attack. In this attack, malicious node advertises itself as having freshest or shortest path to specific node to absorb packet to itself. We be there working to see, how the information is passing with the stable manner, and one node to another node. The Fitness function is mainly used to find the optimal path between source node to destination node to increase packet delivery ratio. The performance of FF AOMDV protocol has been evaluated using network simulator2. Index terms MANET (Mobile ad hoc network) AOMDV (Ad hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector) FF AOMDV (Fitness Function Ad hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector)  One of the most commonly used AOMDV is a multipath routing protocol provides loop free extension to another multipath routing AODV. It ensures about disjoint alternate path at each node, so that it can achieves path disjointness without using source routing. AOMDV with routing tables contain a list of paths for each destination, to support multipath routing. All the paths have the same destination sequence number to a destination. All the routes with the old sequence number are removed, once a route advertisement with higher sequence number is received. Two additional fields, hop count and last hop, are stored in the route table entry to help address respectively the problems of loop freedom and path dis jointness. The loop freedom guarantee from AODV is no longer required here, because the multipath routing protocol implement multipath discovery. AOMDV having two table fields hop count field and last hop field, in which hop count field initialized once at the time of the first advertisement for that sequence number and contains length of the longest path for a specific destination sequence number. That's why hop count field remain unchanged till a path for a higher destination sequence number is received. To ensure dis jointness of that path in the route table, a node discards a path advertisement that has either a common last hop or a common next hop as already stored in the route table. AOMDV is invariant of AODV routing protocol, which maintains multiple paths during route discovery.  TO BLACK HOLE ATTACK: Black hole attack is used to obtain straight path to the terminus node and the hateful knob can diverted by using direction finding protocols. It will check the obtain ability of the new path to be fortified by antagonistic knob without read through its path desk. The muggers always having access to responding to the path request by the node which one is requesting. And this process (c) 2020 JETIR March 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN 2349 5162) JETIR2003287 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 2027 interject the data packets and recall it. The request node has to receive the reply from the malicious knob on or before reception reply from authentication knob by using protocol based flooding. OPTIMUM ROUTE SELECTION USING FF AOMDV: The FF AOMDV initially broadcasts a RREQ in order to gather information regarding the available routes towards the destination as shown in figure 2 where the fitness function performs a scan on the network in order to locate nodes that have a higher level of energy (red nodes) The source point will then receive a RREP that contains information on the available routes towards the destination along with their energy levels. Calculating each route's energy level, the fitness function will then compare to finding the route with highest energy level. The distance of this route will be considered. The optimum route refers to the route that has the highest energy level and the less distance. Priority is given to the energy level, as seen on the route with the discontinuous arrow  In another scenario, if the route has the highest energy level, but does not have the shortest distance, it can also be chosen but with less priority. In some other scenarios, if the intermediate nodes located between the source and destination with lesser energy levels compared to other nodes in the network, the fitness function will choose the route based on the shortest distance available. In all the cases, with these two parameters, only those routes will be chosen by the fitness function which has less energy consumption and will prolong the lifetime of the network. Fig 2: Optimum route selection in FF AOMDV PERFORMANCE METRICS: Packet delivery ratio: It means the ratio of the data packets that has to be delivered to the destination node to the data packets that were generated by the source. The performance metrics shows that the routing protocols qualify in its delivery of data packets from source to destination. The ratio will be higher Performance of the routing protocol is improved better. PDR is calculated using the below formula: End to End delay: It refers to the average time taken by data packets in successfully transmitting messages across the network from source to destination. It includes different types of delays, like queuing at interface queue retransmission delays and buffering during the time of route discovery process. Stated below is the formula to calculate the E2E delay: PROPOSED MODEL: The dynamic behavior of network link is not maintained for long time. Our Work is towards a new performance based Throughput, PDR, End to End delay scheme with AOMDV protocol. In this scheme nodes are do routing with AOMDV protocol by using shortest path. Nodes in network are in some time not free then at that time here communication is lost, so using routing table we could know about which number of nodes are available or not. Using table we have time to time information about each node. A blackhole attack in the Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is an attack occurs due to malicious nodes, which attracts the data packets by falsely advertising a fresh route to the destination. We present a approach in (AOMDV) routing protocol for the detection and prevention of black hole attack in MANETs.  Proposed Flow Chart RESULTS: NETWORK FORMATION: Mobile node is the basic of ns node object with added functionalities like movement, transmit and receive on a channel that allows to be used to create mobile node on the wireless simulation environments. The mobility features are node movement, periodic position updates, maintaining topology boundary etc are implemented in C+ while plumbing of network components within mobile node itself (like classifiers, dmux, LL, Mac layer, Channel etc) have been implemented in Otcl. The network consists of a beginning node (n1) a termination node (n2) a simple link connecting n1 n2, a source transport layer agent (UDP) and a sink transport layer agent (null) Fig 4: Network Formation (c) 2020 JETIR March 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN 2349 5162) JETIR2003287 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 2029 Optimal path selection: Figure 5 shows the optimal path selection in MANET Fig 5: Optimal path Selection Figure 6 shows the packet loss percentage with respect to the number of black hole nodes. The simulation results show that the existing protocol by Hesiri depicts a packet loss percentage of 50% whereas our proposed scheme shows a packet loss percentage of 20% only. Thus, the packet loss percentage shows a decrease of 60% in our proposed scheme.  Packet Loss vs No of Black hole Nodes (c) 2020 JETIR March 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN 2349 5162) JETIR2003287 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 2030 Figure 7 shows the end to end delay with respect to the number of black hole nodes. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme shows an end to end delay of 0.065 whereas the existing solution shows an end to end delay of 0.092. Thus, the decrease of end to end delay in our proposed scheme is 29.34 End to End Delay vs No .of Black hole nodes Figure 8 shows the end to end delay with respect to the mobility speed.  End to End delay vs Mobility speed (c) 2020 JETIR March 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN 2349 5162) JETIR2003287 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 2031 Figure 9 shows the throughput with respect to the time.  Throughput vs time FUTURE WORK: FF AOMDV protocol only gives the 50% to increase network lifetime and energy consumed in our proposed work. So we will choose the optimized Energy Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol (EE HRP) The EE HRP routing protocol gives the lot of advantages compared to FFAOMDV routing protocol. The optimized EE HRP reduces total power consumption, reduces end to end delay, increases packet delivery ratio and achieves maximum network lifetime. An optimized Energy Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol (EEHRP) has some routing strategy that seeks to find the best balancing power consumption and evenly using all nodes within the network to avoid early exhaustion of individual node. In EE HRP we use multiple threshold values for remaining battery power of nodes and assigning the different roles for each mobile node depending on remaining battery power of the mobile node using our Node Energy Monitoring Algorithm (NEMA) Here we previously designed algorithm is Zone Head Selection Algorithm (ZHSA) which is used to select maximum energy node as Zone Head (ZH) In a simulation results shows that our optimized EE HRP reduces total power consumption, reduce