nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KUALITAS BUTIR SOAL UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GANJIL PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI KELAS X DAN UJIAN NASIONAL TAHUN 2011 2016 SMAN DAN MAN DI KOTA MEDAN
Year: 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas soal Ujian Akhir Semester Ganjil Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas X Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017 dan soal Ujian Nasional Tahun 2011 2016 berdasarkan validitas soal, reliabilitas soal, daya pembeda soal, taraf kesukaran soal, dan ranah kognitif Taksonomi Blomm. Metode yang digunakan berdasarkan uji coba butir soal pilihan ganda kepada 136 siswa MAN 1 Medan. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan kemampuan siswa menjawab soal soal tersebut adalah: (1) Dari 122 Soal UAS yang berasal dari 2 SMAN dan 2 MAN diperoleh 44% soal UAS tersebut yang tergolong valid, dan untuk soal UN dari 20 soal enam tahun terakhir diperoleh sebanyak 85% (2) Tingkat reliabilitas dari 122 soal UAS sebesar 0. 33 dan soal UN sebesar 0. 41. Ini berarti keseluruhan soal belum reliabel. (3) Rata rata daya beda soal UAS dari 122 soal diperoleh 49% yang tergolong kurang baik. Untuk soal UN rata rata tergolong cukup dengan hasil 55% (4) Rata rata tingkat kesukaran soal UAS tergolong sedang dengan nilai persentase 51% Begitu pula dengan soal UN dengan nilai persentase 70% Hanya saja proporsi untuk setiap tingkat kesukaran soal belum proporsional. Karena mayoritas soal termasuk kategori sukar. (5) dari hasil ranah kognitif Taksonomi Bloom untuk soal UAS di peroleh C1 sebanyak 54% dan untuk soal UN juga sama sebanyak 50% Maka dari hasil uji coba yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa soal UAS lebih sulit dijawab siswa dibandingkan soal UN, akan tetapi soal UN tergolong soal yang baik dan valid.
Lipid Accumulation Modulation by Garcinia atroviridis Fruit Extract in 3T3 L1 Adipocyte Cells
Year: 2020

Garcinia atroviridis contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA) that affects obesity and obesity related diseases. This paper aims to quantify the amount of (HCA) available in the fruit extract of Garcinia atroviridis and investigate the lipid modulation properties possessed by the extract in the 3T3 L1 adipocyte cell line. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to quantify HCA in the extract, whereas differentiated adipocytes were evaluated Oil Red O staining. The expression of PPARg and C/EBPa was investigated using western blot, and the lipid content was confirmed using leptin ELISA assay. HPLC analysis quantified about 11.35 0.55 (w/w) of HCA in the fruit extract, with a retention time of 0.9 minutes corresponding to the standard. In the adipogenesis assay, an increased co treatment concentration was observed and inhibited the formation of intracellular lipids. According to the western blot analysis, the treatment was found to significantly affect the expression of C/EBPa proteins solely. Meanwhile, the leptin assay finding was in agreement with the adipogenesis analysis as a decrement of leptin released was noted at increased treatment concentrations. Finally, the fruit extract enhanced the adipocyte breakdown (adipolysis) process as revealed by the glycerol concentration measured in the adipolysis assay. The findings indicated that the fruit extract of G. atroviridis played a role in the alteration of lipid accumulation processes by the intervention of proteins associated with adipogenesis and enhanced adipolysis.
Prevalence of smoking among employees of a university hospital.
Venue: Revista latino americana de enfermagem
Year: 2011

This cross sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of smoking among employees of a university hospital in Southern Brazil. Data collection happened in 2008, during the periodic health exam, using a questionnaire, according to the smoking status of the employees. The sample consisted of 1,475 subjects, in which 979 (66.4% were non smokers, 295 (20% former smokers and 201 (13.6% smokers. Smoking was more prevalent among employees with lower education levels and among professionals in administrative positions. Among smokers, low dependence was identified, as well as desire and high degree of motivation to stop smoking, with health concerns as the main reason. Thus, taking into account the motivation of smokers to stop smoking, this is an appropriate time for health education and specific support to employees in the process of smoking cessation.
Nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics of molecules in an intense optical field: an ab initio electronic state study.
Venue: The Journal of chemical physics
Year: 2008

A theory of quantum electron wavepacket dynamics that nonadiabatically couples with classical nuclear motions in intense optical fields is studied. The formalism is intended to track the laser driven electron wavepackets in terms of the linear combination of configuration state functions generated with ab initio molecular orbitals. Beginning with the total quantum Hamiltonian for electrons and nuclei in the vector potential of classical electromagnetic field, we reduce the Hamiltonian into a mixed quantum classical representation by replacing the quantum nuclear momentum operators with the classical counterparts. This framework gives equations of motion for electron wavepackets in an intense laser field through the time dependent variational principle. On the other hand, a generalization of the Newtonian equations provides a matrix form of forces acting on the nuclei for nonadiabatic dynamics. A mean field approximation to the force matrix reduces this higher order formalism to the semiclassical Ehrenfest theory in intense optical fields. To bring these theories into a practical quantum chemical package for general molecules, we have implemented the relevant ab initio algorithms in it. Some numerical results in the level of the semiclassical Ehrenfest type theory with explicit use of the nuclear kinematic (derivative) coupling and the velocity form for the optical interaction are presented.
Commentary: Does thriving and trust in the leader explain the link between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour? A cross sectional survey
Venue: Journal of research in nursing JRN
Year: 2020

The cross sectional survey examining whether thriving and trust in leader explains the link between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour, contributes significantly to both the research community as well as the nursing leadership and practice community. The importance of innovation in nursing has heightened in the past decade. Yet, there is a paucity of nursing research on the concept of innovation. As equally or even more important than the proliferation of nursing research on innovation, is the translation of research on innovation into practice. This study provides nurse leaders with insights that can immediately inform work environment enhancements that will foster innovative behaviours in nursing. Innovative work behaviours are considered linchpins in achieving new care delivery models and processes that will support efficient and effective health care systems of the future. Recent published studies suggest that both leadership styles and work environment contribute to innovative work behaviours. In a study by Masoon and Afsar (2017) it was demonstrated that transformational leadership led to staff engagement, knowledge sharing and motivation which promoted innovative work behaviours amongst staff nurses. In a study by Weng et al. (2015) it was demonstrated that transformational leadership influenced innovative work behaviours amongst staff nurses through a mediating relationship with a positive organisational safety climate. This new study examining whether thriving and trust in leaders explains the link between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour further strengthens the empirical evidence that innovative work behaviours are fueled by transformational leadership. While it is important for nursing research to continue to explore the concept of innovation and its relationship to transformational leadership and the work environment,
La compensation au service de l'acceptabilite sociale un etat de l'art des apports empiriques et du debat scientifique. Reflexions au service du developpement de l'energie eolienne en mer
Year: 2015

La transition energetique amorcee a l'echelle internationale implique des enjeux d'acceptabilite qu'il est necessaire de surmonter pour assurer sa reussite. En Europe, les politiques qui accompagnent cette transition energetique fixent des objectifs a tres courts termes dont celui de developper et de diversifier les sources d'energies renouvelables d'ici 2020. L'interet de developper ces technologies pour limiter les emissions de gaz a effet de serre est largement admis a l'echelle europeenne et nationale et invoque par l'Etat afin de legitimer les projets actuellement en cours. Cependant, nombreux sont les projets declares d'interet general par l'Etat qui, a l'echelle territoriale, amenent a des conflits entre les objectifs de developpement economique, les objectifs de conservation de la biodiversite et les objectifs de protection des interets sociaux. Dans ce contexte, la compensation est souvent invoquee et permettrait de faciliter l'acceptabilite sociale des projets. Definie en fonction des impacts sociaux et ecologiques du projet, la compensation cherche a preserver les interets territoriaux sans remettre en question la legitimite du projet. Pourtant, l'effet de la compensation sur l'acceptabilite sociale des projets d'amenagement, et plus precisement des infrastructures energetiques, demeure un point largement discute au sein de la litterature scientifique. L'etude, basee sur une revue de la litterature scientifique, dresse le panorama de ces apports empiriques et du debat qui alimente les reflexions sur la maniere dont la compensation operationnalise le concept d'acceptabilite dans un contexte de developpement des energies marines renouvelables. Cette synthese offre une vision des travaux de recherche conduits dans la sphere scientifique internationale et permet de mieux positionner les recherches futures a mener dans le domaine des Energies marines renouvelables couple aux sciences sociales.
Transformation knowledge in pattern analysis with kernel methods: distance and integration kernels
Year: 2006

Modern techniques for data analysis and machine learning are so called kernel methods. The most famous and successful one is represented by the support vector machine (SVM) for classification or regression tasks. Further examples are kernel principal component analysis for feature extraction or other linear classifiers like the kernel perceptron. The fundamental ingredient in these methods is the choice of a kernel function, which computes a similarity measure between two input objects. For good generalization abilities of a learning algorithm it is indispensable to incorporate problem specific a priori knowledge into the learning process. The kernel function is an important element for this. This thesis focusses on a certain kind of a priori knowledge namely transformation knowledge. This comprises explicit knowledge of pattern variations that do not or only slightly change the pattern's inherent meaning e.g. rigid movements of 2D/3D objects or transformations like slight stretching, shifting, rotation of characters in optical character recognition etc. Several methods for incorporating such knowledge in kernel functions are presented and investigated. 1. Invariant distance substitution kernels (IDS kernels) In many practical questions the transformations are implicitly captured by sophisticated distance measures between objects. Examples are nonlinear deformation models between images. Here an explicit parameterization would require an arbitrary number of parameters. Such distances can be incorporated in distanceand inner product based kernels. 2. Tangent distance kernels (TD kernels) Specific instances of IDS kernels are investigated in more detail as these can be efficiently computed. We assume differentiable transformations of the patterns. Given such knowledge, one can construct linear approximations of the transformation manifolds and use these efficiently for kernel construction by suitable distance functions. 3. Transformation integration kernels (TI kernels) The technique of integration over transformation groups for feature extraction can be extended to kernel functions and more general group, non group, discrete or continuous transformations in a suitable way. Theoretically, these approaches differ in the way the transformations are represented and in the adjustability of the transformation extent. More fundamentally, kernels from category 3 turn out to be positive definite, kernels of types 1 and 2 are not positive definite, which is generally required for being usable in kernel methods.
The Career Costs of Children
Venue: Journal of Political Economy
Year: 2017

We estimate a dynamic life cycle model of labor supply, fertility, and savings, incorporating occupational choices, with specific wage paths and skill atrophy that vary over the career. This allows us to understand the trade off between occupational choice and desired fertility, as well as sorting both into the labor market and across occupations. We quantify the life cycle career costs associated with children, how they decompose into loss of skills during interruptions, lost earnings opportunities, and selection into more child friendly occupations. We analyze the long run effects of policies that encourage fertility and show that they are considerably smaller than short run effects.
EGFR T790M detection and osimertinib treatment response evaluation by liquid biopsy in lung adenocarcinoma patients with acquired resistance to first generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Venue: Diagnostic Pathology
Year: 2018

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma with EGFR activating mutations will inevitably acquire resistance to first generation TKIs. Acquired EGFR T790M mutation causes about 50% of these resistance cases. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and cobas enables quantification of T790M mutation. Whether these methods can predict clinical response of osimertinib treatment is unknown.MethodsTumor and blood samples from 69 stage IIIB IV NSCLC patients acquired resistance to EGFR TKI were collected.  Mutation Test v2 kit was used to detect EGFR mutations in FFPE or plasma samples. Plasma T790M mutation of both osimertinib naive and treated patients were quantified by Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).ResultsT790M mutation rate detected by FFPE tissue cobas, plasma ctDNA cobas and plasma ctDNA ddPCR test were 54.5, 21.3 and 30.4% respectively. The T790M positive rate was 52.2% considering all testing methods. The objective response rate (ORR) was 60.9% in 23 patients received osimertinib treatment. Quantification of T790M after treatment decreased to very low level, but no association was observed between clinical response and T790M mutation level decrease.ConclusionddPCR is more sensitive in plama ctDNA testing and should be performed even in tumor tissue T790M test negative cases. EGFR T790M mutation level is not associated with clinical response after osimertinib treatment.
Controlling interdependent meso nanosecond dynamics and defect generation in metal 3D printing
Venue: Science
Year: 2020

Circumventing spatter Laser powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing technique that laser melts powder layer by layer to build a three dimensional (3D) part. Khairallah et al. used experiments and a multiphysics model to determine the origin of the melt spatter and defect formation that degrade the properties of built parts (see the Perspective by Polonsky and Pollock) Informed modulation of laser power is important to avoid disturbing the powder bed and creating laser shadowing. This reduces pore formations and leads to more uniform properties of 3D printed parts. Science, this issue p. 660; see also p. 583 Multiscale physics models help isolate a stability criterion that is useful for avoiding defects in laser bed powder fusion printing. State of the art metal 3D printers promise to revolutionize manufacturing, yet they have not reached optimal operational reliability. The challenge is to control complex laser powder melt pool interdependency (dependent upon each other) dynamics. We used high fidelity simulations, coupled with synchrotron experiments, to capture fast multitransient dynamics at the meso nanosecond scale and discovered new spatter induced defect formation mechanisms that depend on the scan strategy and a competition between laser shadowing and expulsion. We derived criteria to stabilize the melt pool dynamics and minimize defects. This will help improve build reliability.
Level Dependent Nonlinear Hearing Protector Model in the Auditory Hazard Assessment Algorithm for Humans
Year: 2015

Using the Auditory Hazard Assessment Algorithm for Humans (AHAAH) With Hearing Protection Software, Release MIL STD 1474E, includes AHAAH with a Hearing Protector Module (HPM) modeling all hearing protector devices (HPDs) as level independent linear devices. Listed HPDs include several level dependent nonlinear (LDNL) earplugs. These are modeled linearly, based on Real Ear Attenuation at Threshold (REAT) measurements in closed and open modes. When analyzing auditory hazards with LDNL HPDs applied as linear devices based on REAT measurements, results are generally overly protective, since REAT measurements do not reflect increased attenuations for higher waveform pressures. Several MIL STD 1474E Working Group members felt LDNL HPD performance must be accurately described and incorporated into AHAAH cited in the MIL STD. Consequently, a nonlinear pressure amplitude dependent model for performance of LDNL HPDs was created and added to the HPM of version 2.1 of AHAAH (Release MIL STD 1474E) We describe LDNL modifications to AHAAH s HPM and validate the LDNL HPD model by comparing predicted and measured insertion losses (ILs) and waveforms under the HPD, for increasingly intense waveforms. A LDNL HPM will more accurately predict ILs and waveforms under HPDs and support more accurate auditory hazard assessments for complex impulsive waveforms encountered in real situations.
FBGA 28nm Scan Chain Failure Analysis
Venue: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)
Year: 2018

Ongoing miniaturization in process node technology used in fabricating integrated circuits (ICs) has enhanced chip performance but at the same time this has induced subtle defects. As a result, Failure Analysis (FA) has become increasingly important for root cause analysis to enable wafer fab process improvement. This paper presents a novel FA approach on real case Scan Chain functional failure induced in fabrication process by incorporating Focused Ion Beam (FIB) circuit edit, Infrared Emission Microscopy (IREM) extensive layout study, Nanoprobing, Electron Beam Absorbed Current (EBAC) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X ray (EDX) for defect localization.
Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model for Multiple Object Recognition
Venue: 2017 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)
Year: 2017

We design an Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model (EDRAM) an improved attention based architecture for multiple object recognition. The proposed model is a fully differentiable unit that can be optimized end to end by using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) The Spatial Transformer (ST) was employed as visual attention mechanism which allows to learn the geometric transformation of objects within images. With the combination of the Spatial Transformer and the powerful recurrent architecture, the proposed EDRAM can localize and recognize objects simultaneously. EDRAM has been evaluated on two publicly available datasets including MNIST Cluttered (with 70K cluttered digits) and SVHN (with up to 250k real world images of house numbers) Experiments show that it obtains superior performance as compared with the state of the art models.
Elisabeth Kubler Ross and the "Five Stages" Model in a Sampling of Recent American Textbooks
Venue: Omega
Year: 2018

This article examines some aspects of the enduring influence of the work of Dr. Elisabeth Kubler Ross and especially of her "five stages" model through a sampling of recent textbooks published in the United States in selected academic disciplines and professional fields. The following are the questions to be asked: 1. Does the "five stages" model appear without significant change in the textbooks described here? 2. Is the "five stages" model applied in these textbooks to issues involving loss, grief, and bereavement, as well as to those involving terminal illness and dying? 3. Is the "five stages" model criticized in some or all of these textbooks? 4. If so, is the criticism sufficient to argue that, while the "five stages" model might be presented as an important historical framework, it should no longer be regarded as a sound theory to guide contemporary education and practice?
First principles study of the elastic and thermodynamic properties of thorium hydrides at high pressure
Year: 2016

The high pressure behaviors of Th4H15 and ThH2 are investigated by using the first principles calculations based on the density functional theory(DFT) From the energy volume relations, the bct phase of ThH2 is more stable than the fcc phase at ambient conditions. At high pressure, the bct ThH2 and bcc Th4H(15) phases are more brittle than they are at ambient pressure from the calculated elastic constants and the Poisson ratio. The thermodynamic stability of the bct phase ThH2 is determined from the calculated phonon dispersion. In the pressure domain of interest, the phonon dispersions of bcc Th4H(15) and bct ThH2 are positive, indicating the dynamical stability of these two phases, while the fcc ThH2 is unstable. The thermodynamic properties including the lattice vibration energy, entropy, and specific heat are predicted for these stable phases. The vibrational free energy decreases with the increase of the temperature, and the entropy and the heat capacity are proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure. As the pressure increases, the resistance to the external pressure is strengthened for Th4H15 and ThH2.
The Role of Digital Technology in English Language Teaching in Azerbaijan
Venue: International Journal of English Linguistics
Year: 2019

The current study uses qualitative methodology to explore the role that digital technology plays in both second language acquisition and teaching. In depth interviews were conducted with 6 teachers aged between 23 and 55 who are currently employed by Khazar University, Azerbaijan. Teachers indicate that the use of technology has an important impact on student's second language learning. Although some of the teachers displayed negative effects of modern technologies on getting students' attention, positive feedback is more available. Teachers demonstrated how the use of technology in teaching and learning supports students' engagement in education. Overall, this study provides a reader with a general understanding of both students and teachers' involvement in digital media as well as the effectiveness of second language teaching with technologies at higher educational institutions of Azerbaijan. Future research in the same area of study is needed to compare both teachers' and students' perceptions separately in broader sample and identify the key factors that affect teacher's decision to choose rather traditional methods.