nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Steam burn on nose by heated, humidified high flow nasal cannula in neonate
Venue: International wound journal
Year: 2016

Dear Editors, Heated, humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is commonly used as a non invasive mode of respiratory support in the NICU (Neonate intensive care unit) The safety and efficacy of HHHFNC have not been compared with other modes of non invasive support in large randomised trials (1) A steam burn by HHHFNC is extremely rare. Steam burns are quite common, and most of these accidents happen in the kitchen. The case presented a steam burn on the nose because of the abnormal action of the HHHFNC temperature modulator, which has not been seen before. A 12 day old infant was presented to treat a burn wound because of HHHFNC (VH 2600, MEKICS Co. Chuncheon, South Korea) which was caused by the failure to set an appropriate temperature  His nose had been exposed to heated humidified steam for just 2 3 seconds. His nose had an approximate 3 x 25 cm2 sized deep second degree burn with crust formation because of coated discharge  We began treatment with foam dressing. The burn was healed with epithelisation. We changed the dressing to an allogenic keratinocyte sheet, Kaloderm (TEGOSICENCE, Seoul, South Korea) and hydrocolloid according to decreased discharge. After 8 days, the burn wound was totally healed without complications  Without dressing material, ointment was applied for moisturising. At 2 month follow up, he had no wound problems, such as hyper/hypopigmentation, contracture or hypertrophy  Burn injuries can be classified as minor, moderate or major depending on criteria such as depth, extent of injury and age (2) Hot water scalds are the most common cause of paediatric burn admissions (3) The depth of a scald injury depends on the water temperature, skin thickness and duration of contact (3) Boiling water often causes a deep dermal burn unless the
PHYSIOCHEMICAL IMPACT OF A MAGNETIC FIELD ON ARTEMISIA ANNUA L ALTERS ITS GENOMIC PROFILE AND ENHANCES ARTEMISININ CONTENT
Year: 2018

Seeds of the Chinese herbal plant Artemisia annua L. were treated with a magnetic field (MF) prior to sowing in order to observe the effects on germination, height, growth, artemisinin content and change in genome profile. A. annua seeds were exposed to a magnetic field (MF) strength of 75 mT for different time intervals of 15, 30 and 45 min under laboratory conditions. The MF altered seed germination (87% shoot length (63% and artemisinin content (66% in T45. The MF increased the seedling dry weight by 24.12 fold in T45. MF treated plants (T15, T30, and T45) also exhibited clear differences in PCR RAPD profile; i.e. the genomic pattern as recorded in phylogenetic trees are 51% 44% and 44% for T45, T30 and T15, respectively. The most significant changes were observed in plants treated with a MF for 45 minutes, but all the recorded parameters were higher in treated seed raised plantlets. The increased germination, seedling growth and related chemical and molecular attributes could possibly enhance the artemisinin productivity of the plants. In future more research into the application of MF before sowing seed is needed to see if these results can be replicated in the field.
Learning Representations of Sets through Optimized Permutations
Venue: ICLR
Year: 2019

Representations of sets are challenging to learn because operations on sets should be permutation invariant. To this end, we propose a Permutation Optimisation module that learns how to permute a set end to end. The permuted set can be further processed to learn a permutation invariant representation of that set, avoiding a bottleneck in traditional set models. We demonstrate our model's ability to learn permutations and set representations with either explicit or implicit supervision on four datasets, on which we achieve state of the art results: number sorting, image mosaics, classification from image mosaics, and visual question answering.
COVID 19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence?
Venue: Journal of clinical hypertension
Year: 2020

The pandemic of COVID 19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS CoV 2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID 19 patients. Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavorable outcome in COVID 19 patients. There is only limited amount of data regarding follow up of these patients, and they provided conflicting results. The main limitation is a small number of participants and particularly those who experienced primary composite outcome (admission in intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death) Additionally, the limited number of patients was essential obstacle for performing analysis that would include many confounding factors such as advanced age, smoking status, and obesity and potentially change conclusion. So far, there is no study that demonstrated independent predictive value of diabetes on mortality in COVID 19 patients, but there are many speculations about the association between diabetes and susceptibility to novel coronavirus, as well as its impact on progression and prognosis of COVID 19. The aim of this review article was to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and COVID 19 and its role in outcome in these patients.
The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors: 2020 and Beyond.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Year: 2019

[Figure][1] [Figure][1] [Figure][1] Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) consisting of ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and a number of other cardiac and vascular conditions, constitute the leading cause of global mortality and are a
Design and construction of higher order structure and function in proteinosome based protocells.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society
Year: 2014

The design and construction of higher order structure and function in proteinosome microcompartments enclosed by a cross linked membrane of amphiphilic bovine serum albumin/poly(N isopropylacrylamide) (BSA NH2/PNIPAAm) nanoconjugates is described. Three structure/function relationships are investigated: (i) differential chemical cross linking for the control of membrane disassembly and regulated release of encapsulated genetic polymers; (ii) enzyme mediated hydrogel structuring of the internal microenvironment to increase mechanical robustness and generate a molecularly crowded reaction environment; and (iii) self production of a membrane enclosing outer hydrogel wall for generating protease resistant forms of the protein polymer protocells. Our results highlight the potential of integrating aspects of supramolecular and polymer chemistry into the design and construction of novel bioinspired microcompartments as a step toward small scale materials systems based on synthetic cellularity.
Guidelines for Medical Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.
Venue: Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Year: 2019

Medical nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of gestational diabetes mellitus treatment. However, guidelines often present contradictory guidance to health care practitioners.  To systematically review and critically appraise medical nutrition therapy guidelines for treating patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.  We searched Medline, the Cochrane Library, Guidelines International Network, and Google Scholar to retrieve clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for medical nutrition therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus from professional or governmental organizations, published in English, between January 1, 2007, and November 24, 2018. CPGs were reviewed and appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation II instrument.  Of 1,286 retrieved articles, 21 CPGs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. CPGs of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Diabetes Canada, and Malaysia Health Technology Assessment Section received the greatest overall scores and the highest scores concerning rigor of recommendations development. Many CPGs failed to involve multidisciplinary teams in their development, including patients, and often, dietitians. Applicability of the recommendations was low, lacking facilitators and tools to enhance implementation. Many CPGs demonstrated low editorial independence by failing to disclose funding and competing interests. More medical nutrition therapy recommendations were incorporated in the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and Malaysia Health Technology Assessment Section CPGs. The Malaysia Health Technology Assessment Section, Diabetes Canada, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and Endocrine Society guidelines were recommended by the review panel herein without modifications. Overall, the CPGs suggested the consumption of adequate protein and the selection of foods with low glycemic index, divided into three main meals and two to four snacks. Weight gain recommendations were mostly based on the Institute of Medicine body mass index thresholds.  With few exceptions, the main developmental limitations of the appraised CPGs involved low rigor of recommendations development, lack of multidisciplinary stakeholder involvement, low applicability, and inadequate editorial independence. This indicates a need for developing more clear, unbiased, practical, and evidence based CPGs.
Persuasive or not?:The Effect of Social Media Influencer's Credibility on Consumer Processing and Purchase Intention
Year: 2019

This paper investigates social media usage, focusing on the association between the influencer's credibility and purchase intention. Building on the theory of source credibility and involvement inventory, a mediating effect research framework is proposed and evidenced. To test our proposed framework, data were collected via on line survey and analysed by using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS SEM) Drawn from 254 Thai social media users, our study suggests that credibility has a significant association with cognitive and affective responses as well as with normative and informative social influences. Upon which credibility has the most influence on affective response. To this end, our data indicate that social media followers increase their purchase intention through cognitive response. Nevertheless, social influences do not seem to have an inter relationship with personal responses and do not strengthen the relationship between responses and purchase intention. These results point to several important theoretical implications and empirical advice to practitioners.
Lysosomal acidification mechanisms.
Venue: Annual review of physiology
Year: 2012

Lysosomes, the terminal organelles on the endocytic pathway, digest macromolecules and make their components available to the cell as nutrients. Hydrolytic enzymes specific to a wide range of targets reside within the lysosome; these enzymes are activated by the highly acidic pH (between 4.5 and 5.0) in the organelles' interior. Lysosomes generate and maintain their pH gradients by using the activity of a proton pumping V type ATPase, which uses metabolic energy in the form of ATP to pump protons into the lysosome lumen. Because this activity separates electric charge and generates a transmembrane voltage, another ion must move to dissipate this voltage for net pumping to occur. This so called counterion may be either a cation (moving out of the lysosome) or an anion (moving into the lysosome) Recent data support the involvement of ClC 7, a Cl( /H( antiporter, in this process, although many open questions remain as to this transporter's involvement. Although functional results also point to a cation transporter, its molecular identity remains uncertain. Both the V ATPase and the counterion transporter are likely to be important players in the mechanisms determining the steady state pH of the lysosome interior. Exciting new results suggest that lysosomal pH may be dynamically regulated in some cell types.
Neural Network Based Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition in High Definition Images Using Region Focusing and Parallelization
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

Recent trends in the development of autonomous vehicles focus on real time processing of vast amounts of data from various sensors. The data can be acquired using multiple cameras, lidars, ultrasonic sensors, and radars to collect useful information about the state of the traffic and the surroundings. Significant computational power is required to process the data fast enough, and this is even more pronounced in vehicles that not only assist the driver but are capable of fully autonomous driving. This article proposes speed and accuracy improvement of traffic sign detection and recognition in high definition images, based on focusing on different regions of interest in traffic images. These regions are determined with efficient and parallelized preprocessing of every traffic image, after which convolutional neural network is applied for detection and recognition in parallel on graphics processing units. We employed different " architectures as baseline detectors, due to their speed, straightforward architecture, and high accuracy in general object detection tasks. Several preprocessing procedures were proposed, to achieve real time performance requirement. Our experiments using a large scale traffic sign dataset show that we can achieve real time detection in high definition images with high recognition accuracy.
China's Lost Generation: Changes in Beliefs and Their Intergenerational Transmission
Year: 2017

Beliefs about whether effort pays off govern some of the most fundamental choices individuals make. This paper uses China's Cultural Revolution to understand how these beliefs can be affected, how they impact behavior, and how they are transmitted across generations. During the Cultural Revolution, China's college admission system based on entrance exams was suspended for a decade until 1976, effectively depriving an entire generation of young people of the opportunity to access higher education (the "lost generation" Using data from a nationally representative survey, we compare cohorts who graduated from high school just before and after the college entrance exam was resumed. We find that members of the "lost generation" who missed out on college because they were born just a year or two too early believe that effort pays off to a much lesser degree, even 40 years into their adulthood. However, they invested more in their children's education, and transmitted less of their changed beliefs to the next generation, suggesting attempts to safeguard their children from sharing their misfortunes.
Federated Machine Learning for Translational Research Completed Research
Year: 2018

Translational research (TR) is the harnessing of knowledge from basic science and clinical research to advance healthcare. As a sister discipline, Translational informatics (TI) concerns the application of informatics theories, methods, and frameworks to TR. This research builds upon TR concepts, and aims to bring advances in machine learning (ML) and data analytics for improving clinical decision support. A federated machine learning (FML) architecture is proposed to aggregate multiple sources, and intermediate data analytic processes and products to output high quality knowledge discovery and decision making. The proposed architecture is evaluated for its operational performance based on three propositions, and a case for clinical decision support in the prediction of adult Sepsis is presented. Our research illustrates how IS scholarship may provide valuable contributions to the advancement of TI.
Student's local top up higher education choices
Year: 2017

Making decisions about education choices is challenging and difficult for students. Utilising the theory of reasoned action, we specify and estimate a conceptual framework that captures the cognitive process of decision making of students in choosing top up higher degrees in Hong Kong. Top up higher or bachelor's degrees are top up undergraduate programmes forming a progression route for sub degree graduates to earn bachelor's degrees. We argue that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived value influence a student's top up higher education choices. Our results show that family members, educators, job availability and security, social image and difficulty of curriculum play critical roles in influencing students' decision. We also find differences between females and males, between business and non business students and between Year 1 and Year 2 students in higher education choices. These findings underscore the importance of educational institutions developing effective policies for promoting top up higher degree programmes by taking cognisance of gender, the field of study and year of study differences and for policy makers to understand the dynamics of higher education.
Spaced learning versus Massed learning in resuscitation A systematic review.
Venue: Resuscitation
Year: 2020

Skill decay is a recognised problem in resuscitation training. Spaced learning has been proposed as an intervention to optimise resuscitation skill performance compared to traditional massed learning. A systematic review was performed to answer 'In learners taking resuscitation courses, does spaced learning compared to massed learning improve educational outcomes and clinical outcomes?  This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched bibliographic databases (Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from inception to 2 December 2019. Randomised controlled trials and non randomised studies were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently scrutinized studies for relevance, extracted data and assessed quality of studies. Risk of bias of studies and quality of evidence were assessed using RoB, ROBINS I tool and GRADEpro respectively. Educational outcomes studied were skill retention and performance 1 year after completion of training; skill performance between completion of training and 1 year; and knowledge at course conclusion. Clinical outcomes were skill performance at actual resuscitation, patient survival to discharge with favourable neurological outcome. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019150358)  From 2,042 references, we included data from 17 studies (13 randomised studies, 4 cohort studies) in courses with manikins and simulation in the narrative synthesis. Eight studies reported results from basic life support training (with or without automatic external defibrillator) three studies reported from paediatric life support training; five were in neonatal resuscitation and one study reported results from a bespoke emergency medicine course which included resuscitation teaching. Fifteen out of seventeen studies reported improved performance with the use of spaced learning. The overall certainty of evidence was rated as very low for all outcomes primarily due to a very serious risk of bias. Heterogeneity across studies precluded any meta analyses. There was a lack of data on the effectiveness of spaced learning on skill acquisition compared to maintaining skill performance and/or preventing skill decay. There was also insufficient data to examine the effectiveness of spaced learning on laypeople compared to healthcare providers.  Despite the very low certainty of evidence this systematic review suggests that spaced learning can improve skill performance at 1 year post course conclusion and skill performance between course conclusion and 1 year. There is a lack of data from this educational intervention on skill performance in clinical resuscitation and patient survival at discharge with favourable neurological outcomes.
Tackling the Ill Posedness of Super Resolution Through Adaptive Target Generation
Venue: CVPR
Year: 2021

By the one to many nature of the super resolution (SR) problem, a single low resolution (LR) image can be mapped to many high resolution (HR) images. However, learning based SR algorithms are trained to map an LR image to the corresponding ground truth (GT) HR image in the training dataset. The training loss will increase and penalize the algorithm when the output does not exactly match the GT target, even when the outputs are mathematically valid candidates according to the SR framework. This becomes more problematic for the blind SR, as diverse unknown blur kernels exacerbate the ill posedness of the problem. To this end, we propose a fundamentally different approach for the SR by introducing the concept of the adaptive target. The adaptive target is generated from the original GT target by a transformation to match the output of the SR network. The adaptive target provides an effective way for the SR algorithm to deal with the ill posed nature of the SR, by providing the algorithm with the flexibility of accepting a variety of valid solutions. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our algorithm, especially for improving the perceptual quality of HR outputs.
Effects of supportive work environment on employee retention
Year: 2017

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating effect of organizational engagement in the relationship between supportive work environment (SWE) and employee retention.  Primary data of 211 respondents from 67 organizations were analysed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the dimensionality and validity of study variables. Further, the hypothesized model was tested with the help of multiple regression analysis.  The findings suggest that SWE plays a crucial role in predicting employee retention. Organizational engagement partially mediates the relationship between SWE and employee retention.  The data were limited to the Indian setting and of cross sectional design only; so, it may not be generalized across the world. Further, the sample size is also comparatively smaller but the results are not affected adversely.  The role of SWE along with organizational engagement is currently under researched in the Indian context. The present study is an intense effort to analyse the mediating effect of organizational engagement in the relationship between SWE and employee retention.
Culinary travel as new approach for cultural tourism
Year: 2016

Gastronomy is emerging as one of the key elements for the development and promotion of tourist destinations, also having a positive influence both on increasing overnight stays as in the enhancement of primary sector of a certain geographic area. The methodology used to carry out this research study was based on the realization of a fieldwork with the objective of getting to know the tourist profile visiting the city of Caceres, Spain and its feedback and motivations regarding gastronomy. The results of this research show the important relationship between culture and gastronomy and point out how cultural destinations can enhance visitor satisfaction through the promotion of its cuisine. The findings of this research point to the importance of gastronomy in the satisfaction of tourists visiting the city of Caceres. Thus an enhancement of the same would, consequently, determine higher tourist satisfaction. This paper can contribute to the analysis of gastronomic tourism in Europe, contributing as a key element, in addition to the high level of response from tourists, the fact that surveys have been conducted at the restaurants themselves when the traveler was having lunch or dinner.