nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis the Effectiveness of Local Government Financial Management (Study at Local Government in Riau Province)
Year: 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the implementation of financial accounting system, government internal control system, human resources competence and organizational commitment of the effectiveness of local government financial management in Riau Province. The probability sampling method is used for this study. The respondent are head of department, chief financial officer, and treasurer of department. The sample used of this study were 354 respondents. Data analyzed in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS. The result shows that the implementation of local government financial accounting system, government internal control system, human resources competence, and organizational commitment have positive effect on the effectiveness of local government financial management. The test results obtained R2 values of 0,756 which means 75,6% of variables that affect the effectiveness of local government financial management could be explained by the independent variables in this study, while the remaining 39,8% is explained by variables outside the model.  system, commitment, human resources, financial management, government, and effectiveness
Functions and translations of discourse markers in TED Talks: A parallel corpus study of underspecification in five languages
Venue: Journal of Pragmatics
Year: 2019

Discourse markers are highly polyfunctional, particularly in spoken settings. Because of their syntactic optionality, they are often omitted in translations, especially in the restricted space of subtitles such as the parallel transcripts of TED Talks. In this study, we combine discourse annotation and translation spotting to investigate English discourse markers, focusing on their functions, omission and translation equivalents in Czech, French, Hungarian and Lithuanian. In particular, we study them through the lens of underspecification, of which we distinguish one monolingual and two multilingual types. After making an inventory of all discourse markers in the dataset, we zoom in on the three most frequent and, but and so. Our small scale yet fine grained corpus study suggests that the processes of underspecification are based on the semantics of discourse markers and are therefore shared cross linguistically. However, not all discourse marker types nor their functions are equally affected by underspecification. Moreover, monolingual and multilingual underspecification do not always map for a particular marker. Beyond the empirical analysis of three highly frequent discourse markers in a sample of TED Talks, this study illustrates how translation and annotation can be combined to explore the multiple facets of underspecification in a monolingual and multilingual perspective.
The Rice Tapetum Degeneration Retardation Gene Is Required for Tapetum Degradation and Anther Development[W]
Venue: The Plant Cell Online
Year: 2006

In flowering plants, tapetum degeneration is proposed to be triggered by a programmed cell death (PCD) process during late stages of pollen development; the PCD is thought to provide cellular contents supporting pollen wall formation and to allow the subsequent pollen release. However, the molecular basis regulating tapetum PCD in plants remains poorly understood. We report the isolation and characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) male sterile mutant tapetum degeneration retardation (tdr) which exhibits degeneration retardation of the tapetum and middle layer as well as collapse of microspores. The TDR gene is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and encodes a putative basic helix loop helix protein, which is likely localized to the nucleus. More importantly, two genes, Os CP1 and Os c6, encoding a Cys protease and a protease inhibitor, respectively, were shown to be the likely direct targets of TDR through chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results indicate that TDR is a key component of the molecular network regulating rice tapetum development and degeneration.
Social Media Marketing Strategies: Air Arabia as a Study
Year: 2020

Social media marketing is one of the best tools used by different companies to reach targeted customers. The main objective of the research was to assess social media marketing strategies in Air Arabia airlines and its productivity in interacting with potential and loyal clients. The study objectives include: to determine the social media marketing strategy used by Air Arabia and to assess the effectiveness of social media marketing strategic plans for current and future clients. The study adopted a qualitative approach. In order to attain the target, content analysis was used as the data collection method, which was taken from the social media channels reports provided by air Arabia social media executives. The data were thematically analyzed to gain a better understanding of the data collected. The study findings indicated that the company's social media strategy is based on posting regular content that is mainly videos and photographs, with increased interaction on photos. The company's Facebook account has the highest number of subscribers. The main reason for using social media marketing was to tap the new technology in their business, thus drawing in a pool of customers online. The study concluded that Air Arabia gained a competitive advantage over other airlines due to its strategic use of social media. Air Arabia's main strategic plan for communicating with its customers was to build loyalty, thus increasing its competitive ability in the traveling industry. The main recommendation from the research is for Air Arabia to create its brand to the target market and listen actively to their clients online to expand its customer base. Overall, the social media strategy of Air Arabia is effective in achieving its goal.
Social Media Use for News and Individuals' Social Capital, Civic Engagement and Political Participation
Venue: J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.
Year: 2012

Recently, scholars tested how digital media use for informational purposes similarly contributes to foster democratic processes and the creation of social capital. Nevertheless, in the context of today's socially networked society and the rise of social media applications (i.e. Facebook) new perspectives need to be considered. Based on U.S. national data, results show that after controlling for demographic variables, traditional media use offline and online, political constructs (knowledge and efficacy) and frequency and size of political discussion networks, seeking information via social network sites is a positive and significant predictor of people's social capital and civic and political participatory behaviors, online and offline.
A state of the art of semantic change computation
Venue: Natural Language Engineering
Year: 2018

This paper reviews the state of the art of one emergent field in computational linguistics semantic change computation. It summarizes the literature by proposing a framework that identifies five components in the field: diachronic corpus, diachronic word sense characterization, change modelling, evaluation and data visualization. Despite its potentials, the review shows that current studies are mainly focused on testifying hypotheses of semantic change from theoretical linguistics and that several core issues remain to be tackled: the need of diachronic corpora for languages other than English, the comparison and development of approaches to diachronic word sense characterization and change modelling, the need of comprehensive evaluation data and further exploration of data visualization techniques for hypothesis justification.
Learning Transferable Features For Open Domain Question Answering
Venue: 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Year: 2018

Corpora used to learn open domain QuestionAnswering (QA) models are typically collected from a wide variety of topics or domains. Since QA requires understanding natural language, open domain QA models generally need very large training corpora. A simple way to alleviate data demand is to restrict the domain covered by the QA model, leading thus to domain specific QA models. While learning improved QA models for a specific domain is still challenging due to the lack of sufficient training data in the topic of interest, additional training data can be obtained from related topic domains. Thus, instead of learning a single open domain QA model, we investigate domain adaptation approaches in order to create multiple improved domain specific QA models. We demonstrate that this can be achieved by stratifying the source dataset, without the need of searching for complementary data unlike many other domain adaptation approaches. We propose a deep architecture that jointly exploits convolutional and recurrent networks for learning domain specific features while transferring domain shared features. That is, we use transferable features to enable model adaptation from multiple source domains. We consider different transference approaches designed to learn span level and sentence level QA models. We found that domainadaptation greatly improves sentence level QA performance, and span level QA benefits from sentence information. Finally, we also show that a simple clustering algorithm may be employed when the topic domains are unknown and the resulting loss in accuracy is negligible.
'Ring' your future, without changing diaper Can preventing teenage pregnancy address child marriage in Zambia?
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2018

Teenage pregnancy and child marriage are prevalent in Zambia and are complexly interrelated issues with common causes and effects. The aim of this study was to explore factors in the social and cultural environment shaping young people's sexual behaviour, with specific attention to teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia. The study was conducted in selected wards in Petauke, Chadiza and Katete districts, using an exploratory mixed method design including a household survey, focus group discussions and in depth interviews. The participants included 1,434 young females and males aged 15 to 24, female and male parents and caregivers; grandmothers; traditional leaders; teachers; health and social workers; representatives from youth associations, community based and non governmental organizations; and district level policy makers. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis and NVivo was used to manage the data, while survey data were analysed using Stata. The study revealed a high prevalence rate of teenage pregnancy (48% and child marriage (13% among young women. The mean age at first pregnancy or fatherhood was lower among female (17) than male respondents (20) A clear interlinkage between teenage pregnancy and child marriage was found, the two issues were mutually reinforcing. While teenage pregnancy appeared both as a cause and consequence of child marriage, marriage was mostly a common response to pregnancy. Early sexual debut, limited knowledge and use of contraception, poverty and limited future perspectives as well as sexual and gender norms were identified as the main causative factors of teenage pregnancy and therefore, child marriage. Based on the findings, a conceptual model to explain the interrelationships between young people's sexual behaviour, teenage pregnancy and child marriage is discussed. To address teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia, there is a need to look into the realities and needs of young people regarding sex and relationships.
The Tobit Kalman Filter: An Estimator for Censored Measurements
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology
Year: 2016

Tobit model censored data arise in multiple engineering applications through saturating sensors, limit of detection effects, and image frame effects. In this brief, we introduce a novel formulation of the Kalman filter for Tobit Type 1 censored measurements. Our proposed formulation, called the Tobit Kalman filter, is identical to the standard Kalman filter in the no censoring case. At or near the censored region, the Tobit Kalman filter utilizes a local approximation of the probability of censoring in order to provide a fully recursive estimate of the state and state error covariance. The additional computational burden of the method compared with the standard Kalman filter is limited to the calculation of m normal probability density functions and m normal cumulative density functions per update, where m is the number of measurements.
Poniatie kognitivnoi kul'tury studenta: opredelenie i usloviia razvitiia
Year: 2020

Nowadays, knowledge is the main resource for the innovative economy. In the information society, there is the contradiction between the gradually increasing flow of new information and the inability of users to understand it. Education, including higher vocational training, should play a key role in bridging that cognitive gap. However, the current educational standards and programmes of universities, as well as the lower level of cognitive skills and students' competencies, do not meet the requirement to solve the global problem related to the processes for changing the knowledge structure and total informatisation of human activities. In particular, against the background of the achievements of modern epistemology, there is still no scientific based interpretation of the student cognitive culture, which formative factors have not been also identified yet. The aim of the present article is to define the concept of cognitive culture of a university student and the conditions for its development.  The methodological framework of the research is based on cognitive, informative and cultural approaches to the discussed problem. The analytical synthetic method and the method of comparative analysis were applied in the course of the research. Results and scientific novelty The definition of a student cognitive culture is defined on the basis of the modern principles of cognitive functioning and its subjects (unity of consciousness, unconscious and activity; co evolution of individual, collective and social, etc. as well as the classical model of knowledge transformation. Student involvement in all types of information activities is substantiated as the main criterion for assessing cognitive culture maturity. A technocognitive environment with integrative character is considered as the condition for development and achievement of a high level of student cognitive culture. The version of structural technocognitive environment is proposed and the content of each of the components is described.  The present research material is primarily addressed to the specialists involved in improving the quality of higher education. The main provisions of the article and the author's conclusions can be employed as a theoretical basis to organise the cognitive environment at the university. To further the present research, the author intends to identify the specifics of the development of student cognitive culture in various educational fields, as well as to investigate the computer component of the student internal thinking as a part of his or her cognitive culture.
Achieving Desired Family Size in Dual Working Households
Year: 2015

This study explores family formation work fit (i.e. beliefs that work demands fit with desired family size) and its relation to achievement of desired family size, work family facilitation and conflict, and marital satisfaction using a subsample (N 690) drawn from the nationally representative Singapore National Study of Work Life Harmony. Results indicate that family formation work fit was positively related to desired family size achievement. Importantly, those with desired family size achievement had more than twice as many children as those who had not achieved their desired family size. In addition, workplace schedule flexibility, work to family facilitation, and marital satisfaction were associated with higher family formation work fit, while family to work conflict and work to family conflict were associated with lower family formation work fit. These findings indicate the importance of considering family formation work fit when studying family fertility decisions, particularly in nations with low fertility rates.
The Importance of Export Market Diversification Strategy on the Overcoming Economic Crises: The Case of Turkey
Year: 2013

Today, importance of export is increasing at providing and sustaining growth in developing countries. Because of their macro economic instability and fragility developing countries face to crisis and affected by global economic crisis more than developed countries. At the end of 2007 in USA, problems in returning long term housing loans created mortgage crisis in financial markets. Crisis spread to all of the markets and return to economic crisis. Leaping of crisis to developed countries which are economically locomotive of global economy caused crisis spreading and deeping world wide. The average growth rate of global economy was 5% before the crisis. This rate declined to 3% after crisis (IMF) The crisis affected developing countries by exports. The economic crisis deeply existing in EU countries which are traditionally Turkey Republic's markets decreasing the share of Turkey to EU exports in the total amount of Turkey exports. The share of Turkey EU exports was 55% of Turkey's total export before the global crisis from 1997 to 2008. After the crisis this figure declined 23% in 2009 when the crisis effect was deepest (DTM) Expectation of the effects of the economic crisis will continue, especially in the EU countries resulted Turkey implementing market diversification strategy in foreign trade. In accordance with the strategy; Turkey performed a group of activities and invested (liaison offices, trade shows, incentives) to rise export focused group of countries especially North Africa and the Near and Middle East country groups. This paper extends to Turkey's total export amount to different country groups and rates from 1997 to 2008 accepted as the pre crisis and from 2010 to 2012 post crisis period. According to this research the share of Turkey EU export decreased 11% and became 44% After implementing market diversification strategy Turkey MENA export rate increased 10% and became from 13% to 23% (TUIK) We found that the Turkey's market diversification strategies succeed and Turkey's export volume increased. Because of reason Turkey is the one of the countries least affected by global economic crisis and recent global economic uncertainty and recovering the economy fast. Economy of Turkey is the fastest growing economy in Europe. The average growing rate of Turkish Economy is 5,4% from 2002 to 2011. Turkey's economy expanded 8.5% in 2011 (TUIK) The aim of this study is to show negative effects of economic crisis on growth of economy by the channel of export and to test alternative export policies (market diversification strategy) on recovering crisis.  Economic Crises, Export, Economic Growth, Market Turkey Economy, Diversification.
Toward Improving the Evaluation of Visual Attention Models: a Crowdsourcing Approach
Venue: 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Year: 2020

Human visual attention is a complex phenomenon. A computational modeling of this phenomenon must take into account where people look in order to evaluate which are the salient locations (spatial distribution of the fixations) when they look in those locations to understand the temporal development of the exploration (temporal order of the fixations) and how they move from one location to another with respect to the dynamics of the scene and the mechanics of the eyes (dynamics) State of the art models focus on learning saliency maps from human data, a process that only takes into account the spatial component of the phenomenon and ignore its temporal and dynamical counterparts. In this work we focus on the evaluation methodology of models of human visual attention. We underline the limits of the current metrics for saliency prediction and scanpath similarity, and we introduce a statistical measure for the evaluation of the dynamics of the simulated eye movements. While deep learning models achieve astonishing performance in saliency prediction, our analysis shows their limitations in capturing the dynamics of the process. We find that unsupervised gravitational models, despite of their simplicity, outperform all competitors. Finally, exploiting a crowd sourcing platform, we present a study aimed at evaluating how strongly the scanpaths generated with the unsupervised gravitational models appear plausible to naive and expert human observers.
A Linear Multi Mode CMOS Power Amplifier With Discrete Resizing and Concurrent Power Combining Structure
Venue: IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits
Year: 2011

Efficiency degradation effects of power combining transformers with partially disabled inputs are quantitatively analyzed. To improve efficiencies in lower power modes of a multi mode class AB power amplifier (PA) a discrete resizing technique is introduced in combination with a parallel combining transformer (PCT) The two stage PA implemented in a 0.18 mm CMOS technology also includes varactor based tunable matching circuits. The design method involves parallel combining of two power stages, each of which are divided into three sub cells to facilitate discrete resizing. The parallel combining of concurrently resized power cells minimizes undesired power loss through the transformer and helps the PA to utilize the transformer efficiency maximally independent of the number of combining cells. When operating in the high power mode, the PA exhibits a peak output power of 31 dBm with a PAE of 34.8% Power back offs are realized by discretely turning off parallel sub amplifier cells concurrently, achieving output power levels of 26 dBm and 22.3 dBm with respective PAE of 22.5% and 15% The EVM has been measured with IEEE 802.11g WLAN and 802.16e WiMAX modulated signals in three operation modes. In the high power mode, the PA dissipates 590 mA from a 3.3 V supply.
Study on Stability of Eden Navigational Channel in Hooghly River Estuary
Year: 2019

Hooghly estuary is a complex dynamic estuary facing dredging maintenance and navigation related problems due to the high rate of sediment load brought by the Hooghly River. The present study is to investigate the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of the Hooghly estuary, with specific reference to stability of Eden navigational fairway and permanent operation of the channel as a possible main navigational route to HDC in the place of Auckland channel from the Bay of Bengal. Impact of stoppage of dredging at Auckland bar on the other channels (Eden and the Rangafalla channel that connect to Kolkata Dock System, KDS) is investigated. Simulations involving different scenarios like Auckland channel dredged and non dredged conditions are considered to investigate the stability of the Eden channel and also to address the aspects relating to the maintenance of other channels. In the study, for the Auckland open condition, the predicted siltation levels are of about 8 12 cm over Auckland and about 4 8 cm over Eden bar, over 15 days of simulation. For Auckland closed condition and for Auckland with two tracks, the results indicate a marginal reduction in siltation over the entire Eden area, and it is also observed that the siltation in Jellingham and Haldi River confluence is significantly reduced. For the monsoon conditions in all the above scenarios, the results, as per the siltation patterns and as per the siltation levels on the edges of the channels, indicate that there will be a marginal increase in siltation, by about 20% when higher silt load is considered. The study suggests that Eden channel could continuously be used with little dredging in the longer term of more than 5 years with monitoring and realignment of the channel to cater for movement of sandbars. Further, non dredging of Auckland channel may not have any bearing on the operation of Eden, Jellingham and Rangafalla channels.