nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Codebook based Object Recognition using Saliency Map
Year: 2012

Recently, codebook based object recognition models have achieved the state of art performances in many public object databases. The conventional codebook based methods treat the whole local descriptor in an image in equal importance. Under such a treatment in a lump, however, all the features from main object as well as from background image have the same importance, and thus the features from background can make undesirable influence on the recognition performance. To solve the problem, we propose a novel object recognition method by combining the conventional coding process and the saliency map. Since the saliency map represents the visual importance of each local area in an image, the proposed method can control each code response using the saliency value. Throughout such process, the proposed method can effectively reduce bad effect corning from low visual saliency regions such as background. Especially, the proposed object recognition method combines the saliency map with the LLC(Local Coordinate Coding) which is the popular coding method. Throughout the experiments on public flower database and Caltech object database, we confirm that proposed method can improve the recognition performances.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WELD BEAD PROFILES IN UNDERWATER WET FLUX CORED ARC WELDING
Year: 2013

Underwater wet flux cored arc welding(FCAW) has great potential prospects of wide application in ocean engineering due to its easiness of automation and high weld quality.However,the thermal process of underwater wet welding is more complicated:the arc energy distribution is more concentrated in high pressure environment of underwater,the convection heat transfer coefficient of the weldment under water is much larger than that in air.This study focuses on establishing the numerical model for analyzing the thermal process and the temperature field in underwater wet FCAW by using the FEM software SYSWELD.Both the generalities and peculiarities of the conventional GMAW(gas metal arc welding) in air and underwater wet FCAW processes are taken into consideration,especially the two remarkable characteristics of underwater wet welding,i.e.,the water compressing action to the arc,and the enhanced heat losses caused by the surrounding water.Based on the calculated temperature profiles,the weld bead shape and sizes are predicted in underwater FCAW,which lays the foundation for the process optimization.It is found that under 4 groups of typical welding conditions the calculated weld bead dimensions are in agreement with the experimental ones,which validated the energy distribution pattern of the heat source and the numeric model for underwater wet welding. Experiments showed that the weld bead was thinner and deeper in underwater wet welding than that in conventional GMAW under the same welding parameters,while the variation regularity of weld bead profile is similar.
Effect of dietary protein on lipid and glucose metabolism: implications for metabolic health
Year: 2015

Diet is an important factor in the development of the Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Accumulation of intra hepatic lipid (IHL) can result in non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is sometimes considered the hepatic manifestation of Mets. Manipulation of the dietary macronutrient composition altering either fat or simple carbohydrates has the potential to change lipid storage in the liver. Protein also has this ability, however human data is scarce. Moreover, high dietary protein intake is linked with an increased type 2 Diabetes risk. Therefore, it is essential to study the metabolic consequences of changes in macronutrient composition focussing on altering dietary protein quantity.  In this thesis the effects of dietary protein on metabolic health focusing on lipid and glucose metabolism were investigated in both observational studies as well as in a human dietary intervention trial.  In an observational study (n=1283) Fatty Liver Index (FLI) was calculated and related to macronutrient consumption from dietary assessment data. In a controlled dietary intervention, participants (n=27) were assigned to either a control diet for 4 weeks, or a high fat, hypercaloric diet, with either a high protein or a normal protein content for two weeks, and vice versa. Measurements of IHL (1H MRS) and blood plasma glucose and lipid concentrations were performed, both in the fasting state and following a meal.  In the observational study, the prevalence of fatty liver as indicated by an FLI>60, was 22.0% Compared to persons with a normal FLI score of 60 (OR: 1.26 per 1 en% 95%CI 1.16 1.37) This was in particular the case for protein intake from animal sources. In the dietary intervention study, the high protein diet compared to the normal protein diet resulted in lower IHL and plasma TG concentrations (IHL: 0.35 0.04 vs. 0.51 0.08 p=0.08; TG: 0.65 0.03 vs. 0.77 0.05 mmol/L; p=0.07) Furthermore, after the meal challenge the free fatty acids (FFA) response was significant different between all three intervention diets (p=0.03) Moreover, the postprandial glucose response was significantly lower after adaptation to NP compared with HP (p=0.03) without differences in the postprandial insulin responses (p=0.37)  From data of the intervention study and observational studies reported in this thesis, it can be concluded that dietary protein intake is associated with alterations in metabolic profile, with both favourable and potential unfavorable health outcomes. On the short term increasing dietary protein in healthy subjects improved lipid metabolism, as seen by lower TG and IHL levels, but not glucose metabolism. On the long term, however, a high protein intake was related to a fatty liver, and associated to insulin resistance.
Matched versus Unmatched Analysis of Matched Case Control Studies.
Venue: American journal of epidemiology
Year: 2021

Although the need for addressing matching in the analysis of matched case control studies is well established, debate remains as to the most appropriate analytic method when matching on at least one continuous factor. We compare the bias and efficiency of unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression (CLR) and unconditional logistic regression (ULR) in the setting of both exact and non exact matching. To demonstrate that case control matching distorts the association between the matching variables and the outcome in the matched sample relative to the target population, we derive the logit model for the matched case control sample under exact matching. We conduct simulations to validate our theoretical conclusions and to explore different ways of adjusting for the matching variables in CLR and ULR to reduce biases. When matching is exact, CLR is unbiased in all settings. When matching is not exact, unadjusted CLR tends to be biased and this bias increases with increasing matching caliper size. Spline smoothing of the matching variables in CLR can alleviate biases. Regardless of exact or non exact matching, adjusted ULR is generally biased unless the functional form of the matched factors is modelled correctly. The validity of adjusted ULR is vulnerable to model specification error. CLR should remain the primary analytic approach.
EVALUATION ON LANGUAGE ATTITUDE OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES IN THE DISCOURSE OF DEBAT CAPRES 2019: APPRAISAL ANALYSIS
Year: 2020

General Election in 2019 is considered as the biggest party in democracy; it was used as the source of data from the third and the fourth segment on March 30, 2019. They were then transcribed and analyzed by using appraisal pattern study based on three analyses: engagement, attitude, and graduation in the appraisal pattern attitude. The result of the research in DC discourse consisted of engagement, attitude, and graduation. The attitude pattern of the presidential candidates comes from personality and the 'order' of political parties. Negative attitude is conveyed in the forms of expressions in dissatisfaction, injustice, greed, ambition, moral messages, noble values, and generosity. The function of presidential candidate debate is in the series of democratic system. Positive attitude identified in the Presidential Debate discourse through the utterances of Presidential Candidate 1 and Presidential Candidate 2 was analyzed through their implicit and explicit expressions such as a) acting in the firm way, b) acting hesitatingly, c) patience, and optimistic, and d) attitude toward gender.
Analisis Sistem Penyusunan Perencanaan Obat Di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Venue: Human Care Journal
Year: 2020

Perencanaan obat adalah salah satu aspek penting dan menentukan dalam pengelolaan obat Perencanaan obat dan perbekalan kesehatan merupakan awal yang menentukan dalam pengelolaan obat. Tujuan Perencanaan Obat antara lain adalah tersusunnya rencana kebutuhan dan jadwal pengadaan secara tepat waktu untuk pelayanan kesehatan dasar.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen yaitu untuk mendapatkan informasi yang mendalam tentang Analisis Sistem Penyusunan Perencanaan Obat Di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Hasil dari penelitian dari komponen input menyatakan pelaksanaan penyusunan perencanaan kebutuhan obat telah mengikuti kebijakan yang sesuai dengan ketentuan dan perundangan yang berlaku, sudah dibentuknya tim perencanaan obat terpadu, SDM perencana obat yang belum pernah mengikuti bimbingan teknis perencanaan obat ,tersedianya dana untuk kegiatan penyusunan perencanan obat, sudah memadainya sarana dan prasarana penunjang kegiatan penyusunan perencanann obat, data dan informasi yang belum diolah secara benar serta jadwal penyusunan yang bersifat rutin. Dari komponen proses diketahui proses penyusunan perencanaan kebutuhan obat yang terpadu, konsultasi yang belum maksimal, bimbingan teknis yang belum kontinyu dan pelaksanaan koordinasi yang belum optimal. Komponen output menyatakan bahwa dokumen RKO yang dihasilkan telah sesuai dengan ketentuan.
Cholesterol transfer at endosomal organelle membrane contact sites
Venue: Current opinion in lipidology
Year: 2018

This review summarizes recent evidence that cholesterol transfer from endosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles is mediated by lipid binding proteins that localize to membrane contact sites (MCS) Recent findings LDL cholesterol in the late endosomal/lysosomes is exported to the plasma membrane, where most cholesterol resides, and the endoplasmic reticulum, which harbors the regulatory complexes and enzymes that control the synthesis and esterification of cholesterol. A major advance in dissecting these cholesterol transport pathways was identification of frequent and dynamic MCS between endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes and plasma membrane. Positioned at these MCS are members of the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein related lipid transfer family of lipid transfer proteins that bridge the opposing membranes and directly or indirectly mediate cholesterol transfer. OSBP related protein 1L (ORP1L) ORP5 and ORP6 mediate cholesterol transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum that regulates cholesterol homeostasis. ORP1L and STARD3 also move cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to late endosomal/lysosomes under low cholesterol conditions to facilitate intraluminal vesicle formation. Cholesterol transport also occurs at MCS with peroxisomes and possibly the plasma membrane.  Frequent contacts between organelles and the endo lysosomal vesicles are sites for bidirectional transfer of cholesterol.
Lean Startup, Agile Methodologies and Customer Development for business model innovation
Year: 2019

Startups have attracted increased attention over the past years. While entrepreneurs develop startups to capture new business opportunities, also large companies are turning to these fast growing organizations in efforts to become more agile. However, managing business model innovation and validation is challenging. A number of methodologies, like the Lean Startup (LS) emerged to reduce uncertainties concerning innovation based projects, and to contribute to business model validation. Despite its popularity, the literature on the LS and its key underpinnings (Agile Methodologies and Customer Development) is sparse, lacking an integrated and structured analysis of their impacts and potentialities. The paper aims to discuss this issue.,The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic fully analyzing a final set of 71 papers.,There is a turning point in the research stream's maturity with publications in conferences and major journals, with the predominance of empirical investigations in the European region. Articles on the topic are on the rise in several technology fields. However, the literature on the subject falls short on providing guidance to assist practitioners and scholars on the adoption and investigation of these methodologies.,The paper provides guidance for practice by presenting a staircase roadmap for the LS implementation drawing from the final set of papers reviewed.,The study categorizes the current literature through a concept map, and offers a structured research agenda beyond the categories from the thematic analysis.
High Quality Image Captioning With Fine Grained and Semantic Guided Visual Attention
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Year: 2019

The soft attention mechanism is regarded as one of the representative methods for image captioning. Based on the end to end convolutional neural network (CNN) long short term memory (LSTM) framework, the soft attention mechanism attempts to link the semantic representation in text (i.e. captioning) with relevant visual information in the image for the first time. Motivated by this approach, several state of the art attention methods are proposed. However, due to the constraints of CNN architecture, the given image is only segmented to the fixed resolution grid at a coarse level. The visual feature extracted from each grid indiscriminately fuses all inside objects and/or their portions. There is no semantic link between grid cells. In addition, the large area "stuff" (e.g. the sky or a beach) cannot be represented using the current methods. To address these problems, this paper proposes a new model based on the fully convolutional network (FCN) LSTM framework, which can generate an attention map at a fine grained grid wise resolution. Moreover, the visual feature of each grid cell is contributed only by the principal object. By adopting the grid wise labels (i.e. semantic segmentation) the visual representations of different grid cells are correlated to each other. With the ability to attend to large area "stuff," our method can further summarize an additional semantic context from semantic labels. This method can provide comprehensive context information to the language LSTM decoder. In this way, a mechanism of fine grained and semantic guided visual attention is created, which can accurately link the relevant visual information with each semantic meaning inside the text. Demonstrated by three experiments including both qualitative and quantitative analyses, our model can generate captions of high quality, specifically high levels of accuracy, completeness, and diversity. Moreover, our model significantly outperforms all other methods that use VGG based CNN encoders without fine tuning.
Empowering Continuous Delivery in Software Development: The DevOps Strategy
Venue: ICSOFT
Year: 2018

Continuous Delivery refers to a software development practice where members of a team frequently integrate their work, so that the process of delivery can be easily conducted. However, this continuous integration and delivery requires a reliable collaboration between development and IT operation teams. The DevOps practices support this collaboration since they enable that the operation staff making use of the same infrastructure as developers for their systems work. Our study aims at presenting a practical DevOps implementation and analyzing how the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes was automated. Our approach follows the principles of infrastructure as code, where a configuration platform PowerShell DSC was used to automatically define reliable environments for continuous software delivery. In this context, we defined the concept of "stage for dev" also using the Docker technology, which involves all the elements that enable members of a team to have the same production environment, locally configured in their personal machines and thus empowering the continuous integration and delivery of system releases.
Chapter 64 Biomarkers of Exposure to Organophosphorus Poisons: A New Motif for Covalent Binding to Tyrosine in Proteins That Have No Active Site Serine
Year: 2015

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are not the only protein targets of organophosphorus (OP) agent exposure in humans. Doses too low to inhibit AChE are neurotoxic to some humans, suggesting that other proteins are also modified. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis shows that tyrosine in purified proteins and small synthetic peptides creates stable covalent bonds with OP compounds. A new, tyrosine based motif for OP agent binding to proteins is proposed. An example of this motif is the binding of OP agents to albumin at tyrosine 411. MS has detected albumin adducts in humans who deliberately poisoned themselves with dichlorvos or chlorpyrifos. Antibodies to OP adducts on tyrosine are expected to be useful for detecting exposure and for identifying new biomarkers of exposure.
Relationship between childhood trauma and level of insight in schizophrenia: A path analysis in the national FACE SZ dataset
Venue: Schizophrenia Research
Year: 2019

This study aimed was to investigate the relationship between different types of childhood trauma and the level of insight (i.e. awareness of having a psychiatric disorder) in subjects suffering from schizophrenia, as well as the putative role of clinical mediators. METHODS 294 community dwelling subjects with stable schizophrenia were included into FACE SZ, a multicentre cross sectional study. All patients were assessed by specialized multidisciplinary teams. The level of insight was assessed by the Scale to assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) and childhood trauma by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) Path analyses from the five CTQ subscales (physical abuse and neglect, emotional abuse and neglect, and sexual abuse) and the SUMD, with current symptomatology (i.e. positive, negative, global psychopathology and depression) as mediator, was performed.  Physical neglect (b 0.14) and abuse (b 0.13) were significantly associated with poor insight. Negative symptoms were a clinical mediator of the relationship between physical neglect and poor insight. Moreover, positive (b 0.21) and negative (b 0.30) symptoms were associated with poor insight, whereas depression (b 0.14) was associated with higher levels of insight.  For the first time, this study shows a significant relationship between childhood trauma, specifically physical neglect and abuse, and poor insight. The level of insight was linked to different clinical dimensions. Among subjects with schizophrenia, these results provide support for a role of childhood trauma in poorer management outcomes, and the need to provide treatment, including psycho education that better targets the consequences of childhood trauma.
Toxin induced hepatic injury.
Venue: Emergency medicine clinics of North America
Year: 2014

Toxins such as pharmaceuticals, herbals, foods, and supplements may lead to hepatic damage. This damage may range from nonspecific symptoms in the setting of liver test abnormalities to acute hepatic failure. The majority of severe cases of toxin induced hepatic injury are caused by acetaminophen and ethanol. The most important step in the patient evaluation is to gather an extensive history that includes toxin exposure and exclude common causes of liver dysfunction. Patients whose hepatic dysfunction progresses to acute liver failure may benefit from transfer to a transplant service for further management. Currently, the mainstay in management for most exposures is discontinuing the offending agent. This manuscript will review the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of the different forms of toxin induced hepatic injury and exam in depth the most common hepatic toxins.
Conductometric analysis of 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium ibuprofenate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient ionic liquid (API IL) in the aqueous amino acids solutions
Year: 2016

In this work, electrical conductivities of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in ionic liquid form (API IL) 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium ibuprofenate, [BMIM][Ibu] in water and in the aqueous solutions of amino acids, glycine and l alanine have been measured at T (288.15 318.15) K. The calculated molar conductivity data were analyzed by two famous conductivity models, low concentration Chemical Model (lcCM) and Fernandez Prini (FP) The results show that the FP equation is more appropriate for analysis of the molar conductivity data because the calculated parameters are not highly influenced by the initial guess values of the parameters. Using these models, the limiting molar conductivities L 0 ion association constants K A and standard Gibbs energy D G A 0 for the ion association process of the API IL have been calculated. The values of L 0 and K A decrease as the concentration of amino acid increase. This trend may be attributed to low mobility of the ions with large radii produced during the solvation of the ions by zwitterions of the amino acids. The values of L 0 and K A also increase from glycine to l alanine solutions. The ions of [BMIM][Ibu] are more solvated by (COO /NH 3 zwitterionic centers of glycine rather than l alanine. The more negative values of D G A 0 for [BMIM][Ibu] in l alanine rather than glycine solutions indicates that more spontaneously and more feasibility of the ion association process in this amino acid.
The Types of Bullying Behaviors and Its Association with General Life Satisfaction and Self Rated Health among Iranian Pupils
Venue: Journal of research in health sciences
Year: 2019

Bullying in school age children is a public health concern that less discusses in Middle East countries like Iran. The goal of this study was to determine and compare whether exposure to various forms of bullying behaviors contributes to disparities in life satisfaction and self rated health among Iranian pupils.  A cross sectional study.  Data were obtained from a cross sectional study on 834, 8th and 9th grade students conducted in northern Iran in 2014. Bullying was measured by the Iranian version of the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire. Life satisfaction and self rated health were assessed by a single item of the Global School Health Survey (GSHS) in Persian. Descriptive statistics and two level logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.  Positive self rated health and life satisfaction were significantly higher in boys than girls (P<0.002) Self related health and life satisfaction were similar in the 8th and 9th grade students. After controlling for gender and grade, students involved in only victim of verbal bullying (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.67) and bully victim of relational bullying (OR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.67) reported lower selfrated health compared to non involved students.  Life satisfaction and self rated health were differently related to types of bullying behaviors. Our findings highlighted the necessity to detect victims and bully victims and develop prevention programs to stop bullying and its negative consequences in Iranian schools.