nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying COM B to medication adherence
Year: 2014

On average only fifty percent of people with long term conditions are adherent to their treatment across diverse disease and patient groups (Holloway van Dijk, 2011; Sabate, 2003) Medication non adherence leads to reduced clinical benefit, avoidable morbidity and mortality and medication wastage (DiMatteo, Giordane, Lepper, Croghan, 2002) With increases in life expectancies as well as the number of patients managing chronic illnesses, this problem may well become worse in the next few years. Consequently, policy makers have called for successful interventions to address the causes of non adherence and improve the population's use of medicines (Holloway van Dijk, 2011; Horne, Weinman, Barber, Elliott, Morgan, 2006; Nunes et al. 2009; Sabate, 2003) Indeed, it has been estimated that $269 billion worldwide could be saved by improving patient medication adherence (IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, 2012) Unfortunately, many adherence interventions to date have not been effective (Haynes, Ackloo, Sahota, McDonald,  2008) Medical Research Council guidelines recommend that appropriate theory and evidence should be identified to inform the development of an intervention (Craig et al. 2008) However, most adherence interventions are developed without a sound theoretical base, which may be one of the reasons they have not been effective (Horne et al. 2006) Successful interventions have often involved a level of complexity that would be too difficult and expensive to implement in practice (Haynes et al. 2008) Explanations and models of medication adherence/non adherence have changed over the years. Early work tended to focus on the role of doctor patient communication and its effects on patient satisfaction, understanding and forgetting as key determinants of subsequent treatment adherence (Ley, 1988) However, health behaviour research has consistently demonstrated that the provision of information alone is not an effective way to change behaviour, and so research has now moved onto approaches and models which focus on patients' beliefs, motivation and planning abilities as the core explanatory variables. Many of these are social cognition or self regulatory models which emphasize the importance of the beliefs which individuals have about their illness and treatment as well as their own ability to follow the treatment and advice which they are given (see Conner Norman, 2005) Existing models and frameworks are not comprehensive since they neglect automatic processes such as habit (for example, Ajzen, 1985; Bandura, 1977, 1986; Horne, 1997, 2003; Leventhal, Nerenz, Steele, 1984; Pound et al. 2005; Rosenstock, 1974) do not describe dynamic behaviours whereby the experience of adherence/non adherence can alter predisposing factors such as beliefs about medication (for example, Ajzen, 1985; Bandura, 1977, 1986; Horne, 2003; Pound et al. 2005; Rosenstock, 1974) and neglect factors at a systems level (for example, Horne, 2000, 2003; Leventhal et al. 1984; Pound et al. 2005; Rosenstock, 1974) In addition, the often used Christina Jackson
Divine Exposures: Religion and Imposture in Colonial India
Year: 2009

Religion and Imposture in Colonial India by Joshua Barton Scott Department of Religion Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Dr. Bruce Lawrence, Supervisor ___________________________ Dr. Leela Prasad ___________________________ Dr. Richard Jaffe ___________________________ Dr. David Gilmartin ___________________________ Dr. Srinivas Aravamudan An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Joshua Barton Scott 2009
Searching for Exoplanets Using a Microresonator Astrocomb
Venue: Nature photonics
Year: 2019

Orbiting planets induce a weak radial velocity (RV) shift in the host star that provides a powerful method of planet detection. Importantly, the RV technique provides information about the exoplanet mass, which is unavailable with the complementary technique of transit photometry. However, RV detection of an Earth like planet in the 'habitable zone'1 requires extreme spectroscopic precision that is only possible using a laser frequency comb (LFC)2. Conventional LFCs require complex filtering steps to be compatible with astronomical spectrographs, but a new chip based microresonator device, the Kerr soliton microcomb3 8, is an ideal match for astronomical spectrograph resolution and can eliminate these filtering steps. Here, we demonstrate an atomic/molecular line referenced soliton microcomb for calibration of astronomical spectrographs. These devices can ultimately provide LFC systems that would occupy only a few cubic centimetres9,10, thereby greatly expanding implementation of these technologies into remote and mobile environments beyond the research lab.A soliton microcomb as an astronomical spectrograph calibrator is presented. It can ultimately have a footprint of a few cubic centimetres, and reduced weight and power consumption, attractive for precision radial velocity measurement.
Tuberculosis of the calcaneum masquerading as Haglund's deformity: a rare case and brief literature review
Venue: BMJ Case Reports
Year: 2013

An Asian man presented to the Foot and Ankle Clinic with a 5 month history of right ankle pain of gradual onset. He had a non fluctuant swelling around the Achilles tendon insertion with a tender palpable lump. Radiograph demonstrated Haglund's deformity and also possible calcification at the attachment of the Achilles tendon for which he had an injection of a local anaesthetic and a steroid to treat the insertional Achilles tendinitis. A few months later, he developed acute anorexia, abdominal distension secondary to ascites and groin lymphadenopathy. Histology of the lymph node biopsy revealed granulomatous lymphadenitis consistent with tuberculosis (TB) and started on quadruple agent anti TB treatment. The sample was not cultured. He developed constant ooze from his groin lymph node biopsy site and also fluctuance around the Achilles tendon and heel. Pus from the heel stained positive for auramine indicating TB calcaneum with subsequent culture for acid fast bacilli (AFB) confirming diagnosis of TB calcaneum.
A 13.5 ENOB, 107 mW Noise Shaping SAR ADC With PVT Robust Closed Loop Dynamic Amplifier
Venue: IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits
Year: 2020

This article presents a second order noise shaping (NS) successive approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC) with a process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) robust closed loop dynamic amplifier. The proposed closed loop dynamic amplifier combines the merits of closed loop architecture and dynamic operation, realizing robustness, high accuracy, and high energy efficiency simultaneously. It is embedded in the loop filter of an NS SAR design, enabling the first fully dynamic NS SAR ADC that realizes sharp noise transfer function (NTF) while not requiring any gain calibration. Fabricated in 40 nm CMOS technology, the prototype ADC achieves an SNDR of 83.8 dB over a bandwidth of 625 kHz while consuming only $107~\mu \text{W} It results in an SNDR based Schreier figure of merit (FoM) of 181.5 dB.
Fifty years of life in classrooms: an inquiry into the scholarly contributions of Philip Jackson
Venue: Journal of Curriculum Studies
Year: 2019

The intent of this article is to explore the scholarly influence of Philip W. Jackson through examining the spread of his scholarship and the ideas he generated. The research design of this paper is borrowed from a previous study (Ben Peretz Craig, 2018) about another distinguished curriculum scholar, Joseph J. Schwab. The work begins with a biography of Philip Jackson and continues with literature reviews on the history of ideas and the use of knowledge in education. This background is followed by a description of the study's research method, 'inquiry into inquiry' and its data sources (Scopus listed articles, published books/Google citations, invited addresses, transcribed interviews, conference proceedings, invited addresses, etc. The papers' findings focus on (1) the influence of Jackson's ideas and approaches, (2) Jackson's direct impact through involvement in projects/organizations, and (3) Jackson's impact on the scholarly literature. Discussions of generative scholarship, intergenerational legacy and scholarly influence conclude the article, along with the recommendation that the 'inquiry into inquiry' approach be re enacted with other noteworthy curriculum figures to more fully understand the influence of ideas and research dissemination in curriculum and instruction/teaching and teacher education.
Clinical Performance of Dental Implants with a Moderately Rough (TiUnite) Surface: A Meta Analysis of Prospective Clinical Studies.
Venue: The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants
Year: 2017

A moderately rough anodized titanium implant surface (TiUnite) was introduced in 2000. This review and meta analysis aimed to assess implant survival and marginal bone level (MBL) changes documented in the literature.  Repeated literature searches on dental implants were conducted, with the final search on October 7, 2016. The inclusion criteria were: prospective study, minimum of 20 patients, at least 12 months follow up postloading, and TiUnite implant survival reported. Regression analysis was performed on implant survival and MBL change from implant surgery. Peri implantitis as defined by the primary authors was reported at the patient level.  One hundred six out of 32,519 publications on dental implants met the inclusion criteria. Implant survival rates at 1 year were 99.50% at the implant level and 99.12% at the patient level, and survival rates at 10 years were 95.14% at the implant level and 91.50% at the patient level. Mean MBL change at 1 year was 0.409 mm at the implant level and 0.413 mm at the patient level, and at 5 years, it was 0.886 mm at the implant level and 1.029 mm at the patient level. Nineteen studies (18% specifically reported peri implantitis in 64 out of 1,229 patients with a mean follow up of 47.89 months, indicating a prevalence of 5.20% at the patient level.  Based on a meta analysis of prospective studies, implants with the TiUnite surface provide a predictable treatment modality in a variety of indications.
Blockade of Treg Cell Differentiation and Function by the Interleukin 21 Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Axis Via Suppression of Autophagy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Venue: Arthritis rheumatology
Year: 2018

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has become a therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) In T cells, mTOR plays a central role in lineage specification, including development of regulatory cells (Treg cells) This study sought to investigate whether mTOR is activated within Treg cells and whether this contributes to the depletion and dysfunction of Treg cells in patients with SLE.
Secure Data Access Control for Fog Computing Based on Multi Authority Attribute Based Signcryption with Computation Outsourcing and Attribute Revocation
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2018

Nowadays, fog computing provides computation, storage, and application services to end users in the Internet of Things. One of the major concerns in fog computing systems is how fine grained access control can be imposed. As a logical combination of attribute based encryption and attribute based signature, Attribute based Signcryption (ABSC) can provide confidentiality and anonymous authentication for sensitive data and is more efficient than traditional "encrypt then sign" or "sign then encrypt" strategy. Thus, ABSC is suitable for fine grained access control in a semi trusted cloud environment and is gaining more and more attention recently. However, in many existing ABSC systems, the computation cost required for the end users in signcryption and designcryption is linear with the complexity of signing and encryption access policy. Moreover, only a single authority that is responsible for attribute management and key generation exists in the previous proposed ABSC schemes, whereas in reality, mostly, different authorities monitor different attributes of the user. In this paper, we propose OMDAC ABSC, a novel data access control scheme based on Ciphertext Policy ABSC, to provide data confidentiality, fine grained control, and anonymous authentication in a multi authority fog computing system. The signcryption and designcryption overhead for the user is significantly reduced by outsourcing the undesirable computation operations to fog nodes. The proposed scheme is proven to be secure in the standard model and can provide attribute revocation and public verifiability. The security analysis, asymptotic complexity comparison, and implementation results indicate that our construction can balance the security goals with practical efficiency in computation.
Drug Surrenderers and Crime Statistics During the Implementation of Project Double Barrel (PDB) in the Philippines
Year: 2019

It is a fact that criminality related to illegal drugs is, indeed, a social problem which affects the growth of the nation and every aspect of community life. This study analyzed the profile of drug surrenderers and the crime statistics in the Province of Sorsogon during the implementation of Project Double Barrel in the Philippines. It was found out that most of the drug surrenderers are from the marginalized sectors belonging to informal workers, construction workers and jobless. There was a notable decrease in the crime volume incidents during the implementation of Project Double Barrel in the province. Due to constraints in the number of police personnel, however, there is no significant difference in the crime solution efficiency (CSE) as compared to the previous year. Physical injury and theft were the highest among the recorded index crime while most of the non index crime incidents recorded was related to vehicular traffic incidents and other violation of street laws.
Book Review: Ludwig, J. Cook, P. J. (Eds. (2003) Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press
Year: 2007

This edited volume includes articles presented at a Brookings conference on gun policy in January 2002. The articles, except for the introduction and conclusion, are accompanied by two or three commentaries. Among the authors and commentators are many of the most prominent United States researchers in the field. These include Ludwig and Cook, the editors, Mark Duggan, David Kopel, Garren Wintemute, James Mercy, John Donohue, David Mustard, Alfred Blumstein, Jacqueline Cohen, and Franklin Zimring. Unfortunately, the rest of the world is represented by only one chapter, a very interesting article by Peter Reuter and Jenny Mouzos on Australia's massive gun buyback campaign. In a highly politicized field, this book attempts to maintain scientific neutrality and present the evidence for or against a particular policy. For the most part the commentators also try to be politically neutral pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of each presentation. Most articles assume that individual behavior is driven by rational thinking about costs and benefits. The symbolic meaning of gun ownership and its place in United States culture is mostly ignored. The articles are strongly mathematical with an emphasis on econometrics. Some assume knowledge of econometric modeling that few laypeople have. The book begins with an excellent introduction to pragmatic gun policy by Cook and Ludwig. Pragmatic gun policy attempts to assess the effect on crime and suicide of specific weapons related policies. Interestingly, in the final chapter, Franklin Zimring concludes that these often small scale, pragmatic changes may have little effect. However, because of the politicized nature of the debate over gun control, even small changes are hotly contested. A pragmatic approach and reasoned assessment rarely win the day. The book is divided into four sections:
Separation of formic acid and acetic acid from aqueous solutions using sugar beet processing fly ash: characterization, kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics
Year: 2020

The present study is on the use of sugar beet processing fly ash (SPFA) during the separation of acetic acid (AA) and formic acid (FA) from aqueous solutions by adsorption technique. Kinetic studies showed that the equilibration time was about 70 min for AA while 60 min for FA. The related data were observed to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model. Isotherm curves exhibited that the process was fitted with Type 1. The adsorption efficiency increased with the increase in SPFA dosage and decreased with the AA or FA concentration. Equilibrium data were in consistency with the Langmuir isotherm model for both solutes. The adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies obtained with FA were higher than those with AA. The maximum values were 7.00 and 5.60 mmol/g for FA and AA, respectively. These values were considerably higher than the ones previously reported for the adsorption of these acids using several types of synthetic resins and fly ashes. Temperature negatively influenced the process but the effect was not significant. Regardless of the acid type studied, the process was exothermic and spontaneous. The results showed that SPFA can be efficiently used in the separation of these carboxylic acids from aqueous solutions.
Constraints on provenance, stratigraphic correlation and structural context of the Volta basin, Ghana, from detrital zircon geochronology: An Amazonian connection?
Year: 2008

We have dated 1060 detrital zircon grains from the Neoproterozoic to lower Palaeozoic Volta basin, Ghana, and from sandstones in the adjoining thrust sheets belonging to the Pan African Dahomeyide belt. All dated zircons in the lower Voltaian Bombouaka Group are older than 1000 Ma, while samples from the middle Voltaian Oti Group and the upper Voltaian Obosum Group contain numerous zircons of 600 1000 Ma. The samples we have studied from the Dahomeyide thrust sheets (Buem and Togo structural units) have zircon age spectra similar to those from the Bombouaka Group, confirming a correlation of the investigated sandstones with lower Voltaian strata. The Bombouaka Group was deposited between 1000 and 600 Ma, perhaps shortly after 1000 Ma, as suggested by earlier Rb Sr data on clay minerals. Deposition of the Oti and Obosum Groups took place shortly after 600 Ma, perhaps continuing into the lower Palaeozoic. Most samples contain Palaeoproterozoic zircons with ages of 2000 2200 Ma that probably have been derived from the surrounding crystalline (Birimian) basement. Archaean zircons, present in smaller proportions, may have come from Archaean rocks in the West African craton. Most zircons of 1000 1900 Ma were probably derived from sources outside the West African craton, the Amazonian craton being a plausible source region. Zircons with ages around 1200 Ma are believed to have been derived from Grenvillian orogenic belts, perhaps those that fringe the Amazonian craton. If this is so, no major seaways could have been present between these belts and the West African craton during the early Neoproterozoic. Zircons younger than 1000 Ma were probably derived from an eastern continental block that collided with the West African craton during the Pan African orogeny 600 Ma ago.
Deep learning in remote sensing scene classification: a data augmentation enhanced convolutional neural network framework
Year: 2017

The recent emergence of deep learning for characterizing complex patterns in remote sensing imagery reveals its high potential to address some classic challenges in this domain, e.g. scene classification. Typical deep learning models require extremely large datasets with rich contents to train a multilayer structure in order to capture the essential features of scenes. Compared with the benchmark datasets used in popular deep learning frameworks, however, the volumes of available remote sensing datasets are particularly limited, which have restricted deep learning methods from achieving full performance gains. In order to address this fundamental problem, this article introduces a methodology to not only enhance the volume and completeness of training data for any remote sensing datasets, but also exploit the enhanced datasets to train a deep convolutional neural network that achieves state of the art scene classification performance. Specifically, we propose to enhance any original dataset by applying three operations flip, translation, and rotation to generate augmented data and use the augmented dataset to train and obtain a more descriptive deep model. The proposed methodology is validated in three recently released remote sensing datasets, and confirmed as an effective technique that significantly contributes to potentially revolutionary changes in remote sensing scene classification, empowered by deep learning.
An improved deep learning architecture for person re identification
Venue: 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Year: 2015

In this work, we propose a method for simultaneously learning features and a corresponding similarity metric for person re identification. We present a deep convolutional architecture with layers specially designed to address the problem of re identification. Given a pair of images as input, our network outputs a similarity value indicating whether the two input images depict the same person. Novel elements of our architecture include a layer that computes cross input neighborhood differences, which capture local relationships between the two input images based on mid level features from each input image. A high level summary of the outputs of this layer is computed by a layer of patch summary features, which are then spatially integrated in subsequent layers. Our method significantly outperforms the state of the art on both a large data set (CUHK03) and a medium sized data set (CUHK01) and is resistant to over fitting. We also demonstrate that by initially training on an unrelated large data set before fine tuning on a small target data set, our network can achieve results comparable to the state of the art even on a small data set (VIPeR)
Data Driven Intelligent Efficient Synaptic Storage for Deep Learning
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
Year: 2017

With the availability of big data and advanced hardware technologies, deep learning has been applied in different applications, such as self driving cars and face recognition. While considering various sources of uncertainty and balancing multiple objectives of a system, the hardware implementation of deep learning needs continuous model updating and intensive synaptic weight storage, and SRAM is critical for the overall performance and energy efficiency. In this brief, we introduce offline data mining to the hardware design process, and the discovered data knowledge combined with a data driven hardware design technique enables a more intelligent memory with better trade off between energy efficiency, cost, and classification accuracy, thereby helping relieve the huge burden of data storage in deep learning systems. A 45 nm 64 kbits (256 words \boldsymbol \times 256$ bits) synaptic SRAM is presented that enables 45.6% active power saving and 83.2% leakage power saving, with low implementation cost (3.17% and less than 1% degradation in classification accuracy.