nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Tm:YAG and Tm:LuAG Lasers Pumped by Red Tapered Diodes
Venue: 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Europe European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe EQEC)
Year: 2019

Eye safe, diode pumped all solid state lasers working in the 2 mm region are favourable for many applications including remote sensing, medicine, and gas sensing. Tm doped crystals such as Tm:YAG and Tm:LuAG are among the commonly employed laser gain media for this purpose. These systems are usually pumped by laser diodes operating around 780 nm  The corresponding stokes limit for laser slope efficiency is then about 39% However, for highly doped samples, the two for one cross relaxation process enables laser efficiencies exceeding this limit, and a slope efficiency of 59% has been reported from a 785 nm Ti:Sapphire pumped Tm:YAG laser, indicating a cross relaxation efficiency of around 1.5 (one 780 nm pump photon generating 1.5 laser photons around 2 mm)  As an alternative pumping approach, Stoneman et al. pointed out the possibility to pump Tm based lasers around 681 nm, due to the much stronger absorption line at this wavelength  Compared to 785 nm pumping, using the stronger 681 nm line warrants utilization of shorter Tm crystals, which minimizes self absorption losses  Moreover, 681 nm pumping could also facilitate usage of thinner crystals in thin disk geometry and/or could decrease the required number of bounces on the thin disk for sufficient absorption of the pump light  Moreover, pumping at a wavelength with stronger absorption coefficient creates a more densely populated gain medium, which could increase the effectiveness of cross relaxation process. As a drawback, the stokes limited slope efficiency reduces to around 34% for 681 nm pumping, and decreased absorption lengths might also induce stronger thermal effects. In their early work, Stoneman et al. used a Ti:Sapphire laser operating at 681 nm to pump a Tm:YAG crystal, but the obtained slope efficiency was only around 35% indicating a weak cross relaxation process
Dielectrophoretic liquid actuation on nano textured super hydrophobic surfaces
Year: 2013

Nano textured super hydrophobic (SH) surfaces can achieve very high droplet contact angles (typically >150deg) and are furthermore associated with reduced surface adsorption of enzymes and other macro molecules. The advantages of such SH surfaces have already been explored for electrostatic based digital microfluidic (DMF) devices where the high CA and the reduced surface adsorption largely benefits the handling and manipulation of complex bio chemical samples/reagents. Liquid dielectrophoresis (LDEP) based digital microfluidic (DMF) technology has demonstrated its capability for achieving combinatorial assays on standard hydrophobic surfaces. However, such devices suffer from similar issues as DMF devices when it comes to handling bio reagents/samples where off chip sample handling steps (washing/buffer exchange) are often required prior to the on chip bio assay. In this work, we have optimized a comprehensive fabrication protocol to develop a nano textured SH surface topology for LDEP device applications. The static and transient behavior of LDEP actuation over the SH surface has been investigated using an improved lumped model and furthermore experimentally verified using specifically tailored liquid samples. The developed SH surface has also been analyzed for liquid actuation of TAQ DNA polymerase enzyme which is a key component of most nucleic acid amplification assays. The performance of LDEP actuation of tailored liquid samples is analyzed and compared for both hydrophobic and SH surfaces. The reported work demonstrates that specific textured SH surfaces can successfully achieve reliable LDEP actuation and furthermore dispense/manipulate TAQ DNA polymerase enzyme and various other aqueous samples.
Development of a Framework for the Investigation of Speed, Power, and Kinematic Patterns in Para Cross Country Sit Skiing: A Case Study of an LW12 Athlete
Venue: Front. Sports Act. Living
Year: 2019

To develop a framework for the investigation of speed, power, and kinematic patterns across varying terrain in cross country (XC) sit skiing, and to test this framework in a XC sit skier of the LW12 class during high (HIT) and low intensity (LIT) endurance training.  One XC sit skiing athlete of the LW12 class with a single above the knee amputation was equipped with a GNSS enabled sports watch with integrated barometry and heart rate monitoring (peak heart rate: 195 beats*min 1) and an inertial measurement unit. After a warm up, he performed two 20 m maximal speed tests on a flat and an uphill section to determine maximal speed and power, followed by skiing 5.75 km at both LIT and HIT in varying terrain.  51, 28, and 21% of the time during HIT and 53, 28, and 19% of the time during LIT were spent in uphill, flat and downhill terrain, respectively. Maximal speed in the uphill and flat section was 4.0 and 6.2 m*s 1, respectively, and the corresponding maximal power output 342 and 252 W. The of maximal speed did not differ between the uphill and the flat section (HIT: 66 vs. 67% LIT: 47 vs. 50% whereas the of maximal power output was lower in the uphill than flat section (HIT: 65 and 80% LIT: 46 and 58% Still, the absolute power output was slightly higher in the uphill than the flat section (HIT: 222 vs. 201 W, LIT: 156 vs. 145 W) Furthermore, cycle rate was significantly higher during HIT than LIT (60 61 vs. 45 55 cycles*min 1, across all terrains, all p 0.03) while cycle length was longer in the uphill terrain (3.0 vs. 2.6 m, p 0.001) Furthermore, the of peak heart rate was significantly higher in HIT than LIT (90 vs. 78, 85 vs. 67, and 88 vs. 66% respectively, in the uphill, flat and downhill terrain, all p 0.001)  Here, we present a new integrative framework for future investigations of performance, technical and physical demands in XC sit skiing. In this case study, the increase in speed from LIT to HIT was due to increases in cycle rate in all terrains, while cycle length was less affected. Although the absolute power output was slightly higher in the uphill compared to the flat section both for HIT and LIT, the athlete worked closer to his maximum power output in the flat section.
E2VENT: An Energy Efficient Ventilated Facade Retrofitting System. Presentation of the Embedded LHTES System
Year: 2017

Within the existing European building stock, a large share of the suburban multi storey residential building stock was built in the 60's 70's, when there were only few or no requirements for energy efficiency. These buildings are characterized by very high energy consumption, low air quality due to poor ventilation, and low architectural value. In this context, the European project E2VENT, that started in January 2015, aims at providing new solution of retrofitting of residential building. The proposal is a modular and adaptable ventilated facade retrofitting system that integrates an energy efficient HVAC system. This paper first presents the concept of the E2VENT module, its architecture and how it is currently designed aiming at the reduction of the energy consumption and the improvement of not only the indoor air quality but also of the aesthetic of the building. Then the presentation focuses on the LHTES system, presenting its working principle, its thermal model and how it is designed in order to allow a daily thermal storage for both cooling and heating to allow the peak shaving. Three different PCM encapsulations are presented and discussed based on their efficiency calculated with a simple model but also on more practical considerations. Finally, the first prototypes are shown and the experimental protocol to be carried out is detailed.
Atomic layer deposition of g Fe2O3 nanoparticles on multi wall carbon nanotubes for magnetic drug delivery and liver cancer treatment
Year: 2020

Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized by a mixed acid (HNO3/H2SO4) following by g Fe2O3 nanoparticle deposition by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) After that, the surface was further modified for doxorubicin (DOX) drug loading. The morphology and the surface functional groups of MWCNTs were determined by TEM and FTIR, and the DOX loading on the drug carriers was determined by UV Vis spectroscopy. The N2 adsorption/desorption curves illustrated that the g Fe2O3 deposition had little impact on the specific surface area of MWCNTs. Finally, the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs and MWCNTs/g Fe2O3 based drug carriers was investigated and compared. The results showed that g Fe2O3 had negligible impacts on the DOX release from MWCNTs, but its magnetization could be beneficial to the precise magnetic drug delivery.
Nano emulsions and its Uses in Food Industry
Year: 2020

Nano emulsions are characterized as oil droplets, with particle sizes involved somewhere in the range of 10 nm and 100 nm, scattered in aqueous media and are thermodynamically and dynamically stable colloidal systems  They can be utilized in different fields, for example, finding various applications in the field of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. The current utilization of nanoemulsions in food industries is very restricted; however these colloidal systems hold generous potential for reason in a few zones, by and large identified with the delivery of nutraceuticals, coloring and flavoring agents, and antimicrobials. Specifically, the delivery of functional compounds, such as bioactive molecules, micronutrients, colorants, flavorings, or antimicrobial agents, into food and beverage products that naturally do not contain them is highly desired to increase product value by enhancing health benefits, nutritive profile, appearance, aroma, or shelf life [2] The nano emulsion details of active ingredients can be utilized for developing biodegradable coating and packaging films to enhance the quality, functional properties, nutritional value, and timeframe of realistic usability of nourishments. The emulsion based delivery systems and nano emulsion edible coatings can improve the functionalities of food and furthermore upgrade their quality and timeframe of realistic usability [1,2]
Evaluation of short read metagenomic assembly
Venue: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)
Year: 2010

Assembling short reads obtained from community samples using next generation sequencing technologies is challenging due to several reasons. In this study we assess the performance of a state of the art Eulerian path based assembler on a series of simulated dataset with varying complexities. We evaluate the feasibility of metagenomic assembly with reads restricted to length 36 base pairs, obtained from the Solexa/Illumina platform. We developed a pipeline to evaluate the quality of assembly based on contig length statistics and accuracy. We studied the effect of overlap parameters used for the metagenomic assembly and developed a clustering solution to pool the contigs obtained from different runs of the assembly algorithm which allowed us to obtain longer contigs from different runs. We also computed an entropy/impurity metric to assess the degree of chimericity in the assembled contigs. We also compared the metagenomic assemblies to the best possible solution that could be obtained by assembling individual source genomes. Our results show that accuracy was better than expected for the metagenomic samples with a few dominant organisms and was especially poor in samples containing many closely related strains.
Multimodal Listening Through Movie Trailers: Towards a Framework for Classroom Implementation
Year: 2018

This paper reports on work resulting from a UCM (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain) Research Project on Innovative Teaching in Higher Education carried out during the academic year 2015 2016. The aim of the project was two fold: (1) to develop a multimodal framework for the development of multimodal listening activities with a focus on movie trailers and (2) to assess the resulting multimodal listening activities designed within this framework by means of a quality assessment tool, the COdA rubric. The results obtained from the evaluation process reveal the qualities and limitations of the multimodal listening material evaluated as much as the qualities and limitations of the multimodal framework that we designed prior to the development of this material. This evaluation process is aimed at as a first step in the development of other multimodal listening materials within our multimodal framework that may fill some existing gaps. Multimodal Listening Through Movie Trailers: Towards a Framework for Classroom Implementation
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in the learning process of Hydraulic Engineering
Venue: Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ.
Year: 2010

In this article, we show the ability to use sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models as simple and useful tools in the learning process for Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Engineering topics. Specifically, we present a comparison between results obtained for a controlled layout simulated both by physical and computational models. This particular experience is based on a Venturi tube. In the laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Center for Fluid Modeling (CMMF) we have implemented a suitable assembly to simulate different Venturi related phenomena and to take measurements in an intrusion flow forced by the pressure field into the perforated Venturi tube. The same geometry has been reproduced using a CFD code, and both pressure and velocity values have been compared. By doing this comparison, we first provide awareness to our students about the importance of calibration, then show them the agreement between measured and computed values, and finally design a methodology for students to visualize pressure and velocity fields by means of a number of graphical displays of the results. This approach has revealed itself to be a powerful tool for them to understand the intricacies of hydraulic topics.
Review Of Cardiovascular Disease And Solid Fuel Use: Public Health Implications For South Africa
Venue: 2019 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE)
Year: 2019

Domestic use of solid fuel for cooking and heating result in exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 PM10) Studies have shown that the use of solid fuel for cooking and heating is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates in less developed countries. The review provides evidence indicating an association between domestic use of solid fuel and cardiovascular diseases. We adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) model to search of the literature was performed using the following search engines: Scopus, Science direct, and others. Two researchers reviewed papers for inclusion independently. Studies that were included covered fuel use and cardiovascular disease as an outcome. The search used different keywords such as cardiovascular, coronary heart disease, domestic fuel, indoor air pollution (IAP) particulate matter (PM) and the combination of each keyword. The review shows studies have been conducted in a well resourced country (USA) and in developing countries (China and India) Africa is a major user of solid fuel, there was no literature available on studies demonstrating an association between exposure to particulate matter and cardiovascular diseases. The data was screened and we agreed on including 6 articles from the 80 identified. This review shows growing evidence that links domestic fuel use and cardiovascular disease. Yet, there is a dearth of scientific evidence in poorly resourced countries. There is a need for in depth scientific knowledge on this issue to promote the development of public health policies, strategies and programmes. Furthermore, research will ensure the implementation of such policies based on informed best implementable practices. Public health reduces environmental risk factors; medical doctors extend the life span of patients. Public health measures extend to population cohorts, not individual life spans
The 'gift' of life? individual and family perceptions of organ donation
Year: 2018

Paper One reports a systematic review of qualitative literature involving bereaved families who were approached about organ donation at the end of life of their relative. The review aimed to understand the implications of the decision at least six months after the bereavement. Fifteen studies were included in the review and were critically appraised using a quality appraisal tool. A meta ethnographic approach yielded three themes: An ongoing relationship with the donor; The psychological impact of the decision; Support in grief. The findings are discussed in relation to the complicated grief literature.  Two reports a mixed methods study, which utilised the Self Regulation Model of Illness and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. People living with chronic kidney disease and pre dialysis were surveyed (n=31) and interviewed (n=8) about their illness and treatment beliefs and experiences regarding pre emptive living donor kidney transplantation. Responses suggested illness perceptions and treatment knowledge inform treatment preferences. Four master themes emerged from the qualitative analysis (My Kidney and I; Co constructing Decisions; A Kidney Shared as a Problem Solved? and Navigating the Unknown) which described the complexity the option of living donation may present to people. A desire for enhanced self management information to delay illness progression was found.
Illuminating the Anticancerous Efficacy of a New Fungal Chassis for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
Venue: Front. Chem.
Year: 2019

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have supple platforms designed for biomedical and therapeutic intervention. Utilization of Ag NPs are preferred in the field of biomedicines and material science research because of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancerous activity along with their eco friendly, biocompatible, and cost effective nature. Here we present a novel fungus Piriformospora indica as an excellent source for obtaining facile and reliable Ag NPs with a high degree of consistent morphology. We demonstrated their cytotoxic property, coupled with their intrinsic characteristic that make these biogenic nanoparticles suitable for the anticancerous activity. In vitro cytotoxicity of biologically synthesized Ag NPs (BSNPs) and chemically synthesized Ag NPs (SNPs) was screened on various cancer cell lines, such as Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF 7) Human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines and embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293) as normal cell lines. The antiproliferative outcome revealed that the BSNPs exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against MCF 7 followed by HeLa and HepG2 cell lines as compared to SNPs. The blend of cytotoxic properties, together with green and cost effective characteristics make up these biogenic nanoparticles for their potential applications in cancer nanomedicine and fabrication coating of ambulatory and non ambulatory medical devices.
Virtual team management: what is causing communication breakdown?
Year: 2015

The combined effects of business offshoring, of flexible work practices and of rapid improvements in technology have resulted in workplace virtual communication becoming increasingly prevalent for business meetings. However, business leaders report them to be more challenging than face to face ones. Most global teams are located where diverse offshored work teams are using English as a lingua franca, and despite common business complaints that they are fraught with communication breakdown, the precise causes appear to be highly complex. This paper reports on a training needs analysis carried out in a large globalized workplace for a programme entitled 'Communicating in Virtual Teams' Multiple sources such as surveys, interviews, document reviews and meeting observations were used to better understand the causes of virtual team communication breakdown. Whilst the analyses revealed different kinds of language and cultural misunderstandings, deeper problems of marginalization and identity confusion within global teams were also reported. This paper argues that without addressing the underlying struggles caused by offshoring, a training programme runs the risk of only addressing the surface communication problems of technology, leadership and meeting skills and even language and culture issues, which can arguably be seen as 'masking' deeper employee concerns and struggles.
Behavior and Bio Interactions of Anthropogenic Particles in Marine Environment for a More Realistic Ecological Risk Assessment
Venue: Frontiers in Environmental Science
Year: 2020

Owing to production, usage, and disposal of nano enabled products as well as fragmentation of bulk materials, anthropogenic nanoscale particles (NPs) can enter the natural environment and through different compartments (air, soil, and water) end up into the sea. With the continuous increase in production and associated emissions and discharges, they can reach concentrations able to exceed toxicity thresholds for living species inhabiting marine coastal areas. Behavior and fate of NPs in marine waters are driven by transformation processes occurring as a function of NP intrinsic and extrinsic properties in the receiving seawaters. All those aspects have been overlooked in ecological risk assessment. This review critically reports ecotoxicity studies in which size distribution, surface charges and bio nano interactions have been considered for a more realistic risk assessment of NPs in marine environment. Two emerging and relevant NPs, the metal based titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polystyrene (PS) a proxy for nanoplastics, are reviewed, and their impact on marine biota (from planktonic species to invertebrates and fish) is discussed as a function of particle size and surface charges (negative vs. positive) which affect their behavior and interaction with the biological material. Uptake of NPs is related to their nanoscale size; however, in vivo studies clearly demonstrated that transformation (agglomerates/aggregates) occurring in both artificial and natural seawater drive to different exposure routes and biological responses at cellular and organism level. Adsorption of single particles or agglomerates onto the body surface or their internalization in feces can impair motility and affect sinking or floating behavior with consequences on populations and ecological function. Particle complex dynamics in natural seawater is almost unknown, although it determines the effective exposure scenarios. Based on the latest predicted environmental concentrations for TiO2 and PS NPs in the marine environment, current knowledge gaps and future research challenges encompass the comprehensive study of bio nano interactions. As such, the analysis of NP biomolecular coronas can enable a better assessment of particle uptake and related cellular pathways leading to toxic effects. Moreover, the formation of an environmentally derived corona (i.e. eco corona) in seawater accounts for NP physical chemical alterations, rebounding on interaction with living organisms and toxicity.