nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Accurate Pseudo Examples for Continual Learning
Venue: 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Year: 2020

Continual learning (CL) is concerned with the persistent and cumulative nature of learning. This requires a method of successfully consolidating new knowledge into long term memory without the loss of prior knowledge. Prior research has addressed this CL retention problem through the efficient rehearsal of prior examples while learning the examples of a new task within a long term Multiple Task Learning (MTL) network. The approach maintains or improves prior knowledge while allowing its representation to remain plastic for the integration of new task examples. Preferably, rehearsal is done using pseudo examples synthesized by the MTL network; eliminating the need to retain prior task training examples or a generate them with an additional model. Previous work has shown that to properly retain knowledge the pseudo examples must adhere to the input probability distribution of those original examples. Two approaches are investigated for creating appropriate pseudo examples from a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) autoencoder, which can reside in the lowest layers of the long term MTL Deep Belief network. We show that appropriate pseudo examples can be reconstructed by passing uniform random examples to a generative RBM model and selecting only those with reconstruction error less than the mean training error. These pseudo examples are shown to adhere to the probability distribution of the input variables of the original training examples and retain prior task knowledge during rehearsal as well as those examples. As part of the research, we develop and test a new metric called the Autoencoder Divergence Measure for comparing the probability distributions of two datasets given to a generative RBM network based on their reconstruction mean squared error.
Green remediation of As and Pb contaminated soil using cement free clay based stabilization/solidification.
Venue: Environment international
Year: 2019

Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is a low cost and high efficiency remediation method for contaminated soils, however, conventional cement based S/S method has environmental constraints and sustainability concerns. This study proposes a low carbon, cement free, clay based approach for simultaneous S/S of As and Pb in the contaminated soil, and accordingly elucidates the chemical interactions between alkali activated clay binders and potentially toxic elements. Quantitative X ray diffraction and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that the addition of lime effectively activated the hydration of kaolinite clay, and the presence of limestone further enhanced the polymerization of hydrates. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that approximately 19% of As[III] was oxidized to As[V] in the alkali activated clay system, which reduced toxicity and facilitated immobilization of As. During the cement free S/S process, As and Pb consumed Ca(OH)2 and precipitated as Ca3(AsO4)2*4H2O and Pb3(NO3)(OH)5, respectively, accounting for the low leachability of As (7.0% and Pb (5.4% However, the reduced amount of Ca(OH)2 decreased the degree of hydration of clay minerals, and the pH buffering capacity of the contaminated soil hindered the pH increase. Sufficient dosage of lime was required for ensuring satisfactory solidification and contaminant immobilization of the clay based S/S products. The leachability of As and Pb in high Ca S/S treated soil samples was reduced by 96.2% and 98.8% respectively. This is the first study developing a green and cement free S/S of As and Pb contaminated soil using clay minerals as an environmentally compatible binding material.
Comment on: Lassenius et al. Bacterial Endotoxin Activity in Human Serum Is Associated With Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Chronic Inflammation. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1809 1815
Venue: Diabetes Care
Year: 2012

Lassenius et al. (1) have shown that high serum endotoxin activity is associated with components of metabolic syndrome. An important observation in their analysis is that most diabetic patients with high serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity had elevated serum triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol concentrations and that serum LPS activity correlated positively with C reactive protein, a marker for low grade inflammation. The data presented is impressive; however, the source of endotoxemia was not clearly postulated. Also the exact composition of the diet consumed by the subjects was not mentioned. We think this information is significant because research has shown that certain diets induce inflammation and LPS production. Our studies showed that a high fat, high carbohydrate meal (HFHC,
Heterogeneous Gaussian Mechanism: Preserving Differential Privacy in Deep Learning with Provable Robustness
Venue: IJCAI
Year: 2019

In this paper, we propose a novel Heterogeneous Gaussian Mechanism (HGM) to preserve differential privacy in deep neural networks, with provable robustness against adversarial examples. We first relax the constraint of the privacy budget in the traditional Gaussian Mechanism from (0, 1] to (0, infty) with a new bound of the noise scale to preserve differential privacy. The noise in our mechanism can be arbitrarily redistributed, offering a distinctive ability to address the trade off between model utility and privacy loss. To derive provable robustness, our HGM is applied to inject Gaussian noise into the first hidden layer. Then, a tighter robustness bound is proposed. Theoretical analysis and thorough evaluations show that our mechanism notably improves the robustness of differentially private deep neural networks, compared with baseline approaches, under a variety of model attacks.
Azerbaijan: Civil Society and the Petroleum Sector
Year: 2018

Public debate and public participation in decision making are strictly limited in Azerbaijan. This chapter describes how key decisions about the petroleum sector are made exclusively by top officials and members of government. Individual citizens are largely excluded from processes of policy formulation, decision making and opinion formation. Civil society activists are active in the social media, but public policy debates are otherwise almost non existent. Shortcomings among civil society organizations combined with government imposed constraints have left the country's civil society stunted. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) has provided the only platform for civil society to engage with industry and government to discuss petroleum sector management. In 2015, however, Azerbaijan lost its compliant status under this initiative by failing to meet the new EITI Standard, largely due to the government's failure to engage civil society.
5G network information technology and military information communication data services
Year: 2020

G network is being used 5G network advanced stage of advanced information technology and communications data network services military information. The intent in the context of a possible use case of military networks 5G, network using a plurality of clips for shared network infrastructure 5G remote operation of the network. Therefore, the actors and the security and availability of stringent requirements, such as the military is studying the possibility of 5G some of their operational direction of the use of public mobile networks System, which is suitable for millimeter wave, to facilitate the establishment of a channel array with a reasonable large indoor and outdoor form factor. The proposed Low Latency Communication Ultra Reliable (LLCUR) algorithm 5G mobile network as the evaluation is expected to explode traffic and respond to various needs for 5G deployment have been many heterogeneous research types' networks, especially their employ) The proposed system's main advantage is to 5G faster transmission speed, lower latency, remote execution, a more significant number of connected devices, and the possibility of performing a virtual network. Therefore more large capacity provides more connectivity for military communication.
An old kinetic method for a new polymerization mechanism: Toward photochemically mediated ATRP
Year: 2015

With the idea of "an old method for a new mechanism," a detailed kinetic insight into photochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (photo ATRP) was presented through a validated comprehensive model. The simulation mimics the experimental results of the model system using optimized photochemically mediated radical generation rate coefficients. The activator and radical (re)generated from the photo mediated reactions endow the photo ATRP with unique features, such as rapid ATRP equilibrium and quick consumption of initiator with a small amount of residual. The effect of the reaction parameters on ATRP behaviors was also investigated. Results showed that the acceleration of polymerization rate follows the square root law in the following three cases: the overall photochemically mediated radical generation rate coefficients (kr) the free ligand concentration, and the initiator concentration. However, the independence of the apparent propagation rate coefficient kpapp) on the square root of catalyst concentration might be attributed to the result of the synergy between the activators regenerated by electron transfer ATRP and the initiators for continuous activator regeneration ATRP mechanism. The photo ATRP is able to design and prepare various polymers by carefully tuning the conditions using the model based optimization approach.
Modeling options to manage type 1 wild poliovirus imported into Israel in 2013.
Venue: The Journal of infectious diseases
Year: 2015

After 25 years without poliomyelitis cases caused by circulating wild poliovirus (WPV) in Israel, sewage sampling detected WPV type 1 (WPV1) in April 2013, despite high vaccination coverage with only inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) since 2005.  We used a differential equation based model to simulate the dynamics of poliovirus transmission and population immunity in Israel due to past exposure to WPV and use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in addition to IPV. We explored the influences of various immunization options to stop imported WPV1 circulation in Israel.  We successfully modeled the potential for WPVs to circulate without detected cases in Israel. Maintaining a sequential IPV/OPV schedule instead of switching to an IPV only schedule in 2005 would have kept population immunity high enough in Israel to prevent WPV1 circulation. The Israeli response to WPV1 detection prevented paralytic cases; a more rapid response might have interrupted transmission more quickly.  IPV based protection alone might not provide sufficient population immunity to prevent poliovirus transmission after an importation. As countries transition to IPV in immunization schedules, they may need to actively manage population immunity and consider continued use of OPV, to avoid the potential circulation of imported live polioviruses before globally coordinated cessation of OPV use.
Everything You Need to Know About Satisfying IACUC Protocol Requirements.
Venue: ILAR journal
Year: 2019

There have been recent efforts to reduce the administrative burden imposed on investigators. Although a complete and thorough review of proposed animal studies is an essential function of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) efforts to streamline and clarify this process may help investigators spend less time writing animal use protocols and responding to committee comments. The IACUC relies on well written protocols for an efficient review process. A well designed protocol form is also critical in guiding investigators through the process. However, it is ultimately the investigators' responsibility to ensure that the information they provide answers all the IACUC's questions with enough detail and quality for a fast and effective review. This article, aimed primarily for researchers but also IACUC administrators, provides an overview of the IACUC protocol review and approval process, the criteria that the IACUC uses for evaluations, and the type of information that should be included in the various sections of the protocol form. Some specific examples are also provided.
Spontaneous In Vitro and In Vivo Interaction of Oleocanthal with Glycine in Biological Fluids: Novel Pharmacokinetic Markers.
Venue: ACS pharmacology translational science
Year: 2021

Since the first discovery of its ibuprofen like anti inflammatory activity in 2005, the olive phenolic oleocanthal gained great scientific interest and popularity due to its reported health benefits. Oleocanthal is a monophenolic secoiridoid exclusively occurring in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) While several groups have investigated oleocanthal pharmacokinetics (PK) and disposition, none was able to detect oleocanthal in biological fluids or identify its PK profile that is essential for translational research studies. Besides, oleocanthal could not be detected following its addition to any fluid containing amino acids or proteins such as plasma or culture media, which could be attributed to its unique structure with two highly reactive aldehyde groups. Here, we demonstrate that oleocanthal spontaneously reacts with amino acids, with high preferential reactivity to glycine compared to other amino acids or proteins, affording two products: an unusual glycine derivative with a tetrahydropyridinium skeleton that is named oleoglycine, and our collective data supported the plausible formation of tyrosol acetate as the second product. Extensive studies were performed to validate and confirm oleocanthal reactivity, which were followed by PK disposition studies in mice, as well as cell culture transport studies to determine the ability of the formed derivatives to cross physiological barriers such as the blood brain barrier. To the best of our knowledge, we are showing for the first time that oleocanthal is biochemically transformed to novel products in amino acids/glycine containing fluids, which were successfully monitored in vitro and in vivo, creating a completely new perspective to understand the well documented bioactivities of oleocanthal in humans.
Out Patient Department practices in orthopaedics amidst COVID 19: The evolving model
Venue: Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
Year: 2020

Syndrome COVID 19 was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization and consequent lockdown imposed in several areas resulted in a marked reduction in orthopaedic practice. Although some guidelines for patient care in orthopaedic practice have been published, overall, publications focusing exclusively on guidelines on starting orthopaedic outpatient departments (OPD) after the COVID 19 lockdown amidst the on going pandemic are lacking. We hereby propose the evolving knowledge in changes in OPD management practices for orthopaedic surgeons in the COVID 19 era. The emphasis on online registration (e registration) should be given impetus and become the new norm supplemented by telephonic and spot registration for the uneducated patients. The review highlights the safety of patient and orthopaedic surgeons in OPD by screening and maintaining hygiene at various levels. The article also mentions the duties of the help desk, OPD hall supervisor and the new norms of Air Conditioning, ventilation, safe use of elevators, sanitization of OPD premises and biomedical waste disposal. The optimum and safe utilization of human material resources, DO's and DON'Ts for patients health staff have also been proposed. The reorganization of plaster room, the precaution during plastering, fracture clinic, dressing and injection room services are discussed as per evolving guidelines. This article will give deep insight into the OPD plan &telemedicine graphically also. The authors suggest updating and downward permeation of existing e infrastructure of government health services that is up gradation of existing tertiary level online registration services, a paperless model of OPD Consultation dispensation. The future updating of Aarogya Setu App (https:/mygov.in/aarogya setu app/ for convenient online OPD registration and dispensation has been discussed and proposed. This review will help in containing the spread of COVID 19 and build upon the health gains achieved after lockdown. The easy concept of CCCATTT has been introduced, and the OPD Plan has also been suggested. We have endeavoured to holistically detail an orthopaedic OPD setup and its upkeep in COVID 19 pandemic, but since the knowledge of COVID 19 is ever evolving it needs replenishment by regular education for health staff.
A lesson plan for the enhancement of training and research in academia by the adaptation and adoption of good laboratory practice guidelines
Venue: Biochemistry and molecular biology education a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Year: 2010

The implementation of good laboratory practices (GLPs) is recognized by the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries as being critical for ensuring the international acceptability of products. However, as universities and colleges (and research organizations) do not necessarily work under similar constraints, actual laboratory practices vary widely, and students (or employees) are not required to have any exposure to GLP standards and stipulations. This essay makes a case for formally introducing principal investigators, students, and other laboratory personnel to the GLP regime. Many of these practices, while not absolutely required in academic laboratories, could nevertheless facilitate smooth and efficient running of the laboratory and also equip students with the knowledge and experience necessary for a facile transition to an industrial setting. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 365 369, 2010
The Effect Of Working Capital Management On Firms Profitability: Empirical Evidence From An Emerging Market
Year: 2010

In this study, we empirically investigate the effect of working capital management on firm's financial performance in an emerging market. We hypothesize that working capital management leads to improved profitability. Our data set consists of firms listed in the Cyprus Stock Exchange for the period 1998 2007. Using multivariate regression analysis, our results support our hypothesis. Specifically, results indicate that the cash conversion cycle and all its major components; namely, days in inventory, days sales outstanding and creditors payment period are associated with the firm's profitability. The results of this study should be of great importance to managers and major stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, and financial analysts, especially after the recent global financial crisis and the latest collapses of giant organizations worldwide.
PyRecGym: a reinforcement learning gym for recommender systems
Venue: RecSys
Year: 2019

Recommender systems (RS) share many features and objectives with reinforcement learning (RL) systems. The former aim to maximise user satisfaction by recommending the right items to the right users at the right time, the latter maximise future rewards by selecting state changing actions in some environment. The concept of an RL gym has become increasingly important when it comes to supporting the development of RL models. A gym provides a simulation environment in which to test and develop RL agents, providing a state model, actions, rewards/penalties etc. In this paper we describe and demonstrate the PyRecGym gym, which is specifically designed for the needs of recommender systems research, by supporting standard test datasets (MovieLens, Yelp etc. common input types (text, numeric etc. and thereby offering researchers a reproducible research environment to accelerate experimentation and development of RL in RS.
Information asymmetry in the insurance market: A comparative study of conventional insurance and islamic insurance (Takaful) industry in Nigeria
Year: 2020

Author's Email: ushettima@yahoo.com Information asymmetry is a source of incompleteness in the insurance market and often is viewed as a fundamental factor obstructing the efficient operations of insurance market. Moral hazard and adverse selection are the essences of the informational problem especially in the developing countries. This study investigates the role of information asymmetry towards consumer attitude and perception of both conventional insurance and Islamic insurance (Takaful) in Nigeria. A survey instrument, primarily based on the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics(c) (SATS 28(c) is used to examine consumer attitude in four major components, namely value, affect, difficulty and cognitive competence. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered using the convenience sampling technique in three major cities of Abuja, Kano and Lagos state of Nigeria. Only 78 of the questionnaires were filled and returned. Data was analysed using frequency distribution and hypothesis for difference and relationship was tested using paired sample t test and the chi square test respectively. The results show that consumers perceive the level of information asymmetry is relatively higher in the conventional insurance than Takaful, hence resulting in more negative attitude and perception towards the conventional insurance. Further, income level and education status are found to be associated with the general consumer attitude and perception. This study implicates on more positive note to encourage more efforts in the development of Takaful industry in Nigeria. The prerequisites are strong regulatory framework, high level of transparency and public education initiative on the importance of Takaful.
Valproic acid improves the in vitro development competence of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos.
Venue: Cellular reprogramming
Year: 2012

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of valproic acid (VPA) an important histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the in vitro development and expression of the epigenetic marker histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. We found that treatment with 4 mM VPA for 24 h could significantly improve the development of bovine SCNT embryos. Compared with the no treatment group, the cleavage rate was higher (69.79 0.99% vs. 65.11 1.02% p<0.05) as was the blastocyst rate (39.99 1.29% vs. 34.87 1.74% p<0.05) Moreover, the rate of apoptosis (1.91 0.48% vs. 5.67 0.40% p<0.05) in blastocysts was greatly reduced after VPA treatment. Valproic acid treatment also increased the immunofluorescent signal for H3K9ac in SCNT embryos in a pattern similar to that of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. In conclusion, we demonstrated that VPA can significantly improve the in vitro developmental competence and enhance the nuclear reprogramming of bovine SCNT embryos.
Development of a Learning Support System for Reading Source Code by Stepwise Abstraction
Venue: HCI
Year: 2015

We describes the development of a support system that facilitates the process of meaning deduction by stepwise abstraction in two steps: unifying processing and specifying the meaning of the unified processing. We developed a tool that supports stepwise abstraction with a function that points out learners' mistakes and makes them aware of their errors. We conducted experiments using the learning support tool and found that the system and process are possibly effective.