nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Data driven Automatic Text Simplification for German
Venue: READI
Year: 2020

Automatic text simplification is an active research area, and there are first systems for English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. For German, no data driven approach exists to this date, due to a lack of training data. In this paper, we present a parallel corpus of news items in German with corresponding simplifications on two complexity levels. The simplifications have been produced according to a well documented set of guidelines. We then report on experiments in automatically simplifying the German news items using state of the art neural machine translation techniques. We demonstrate that despite our small parallel corpus, our neural models were able to learn essential features of simplified language, such as lexical substitutions, deletion of less relevant words and phrases, and sentence shortening.
Luther 2017 Debatten um das Reformationsjubilaum
Year: 2017

2017 Jubel und Trubel im Namen der Reformation! [Themenheft] PTh 105 (2016) Heft 1, 103 S. Petra Bosse Huber/Serge Fornerod/Thies Gundlach/Gottfried Wilhelm Locher (Hg. 500 Jahre Reformation. Bedeutung und Herausforderungen. Internationaler Kongress der EKD und des SEK auf dem Weg zum Reformationsjubilaum 2017 vom 6. bis 10. Oktober 2013 in Zurich, TVZ Zurich und Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig 2014, 385 S. Gunter Frank/ Volker Leppin/Herman J. Selderhuis (Hg. Wem gehort die Reformation? Nationale und konfessionelle Dispositionen der Reformationsdeutung, Herder Freiburg 2013, 302 S. Hartmut Lehmann, Luthergedachtnis 1817 bis 2017 (Refo500 Academic Studies 8) Vandenhoeck Ruprecht Gottingen 2012, 328 S. Ratlos vor dem Reformationsjubilaum 2017?  (2011) Heft 1, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig 2011, 187 S. Dorothea Sattler/Volker Leppin (Hg. fur den Okumenischen Arbeitskreis evangelischer und katholischer Theologen)  Okumenische Perspektiven (DiKi 16) Herder Freiburg und Vandenhoeck Ruprecht Gottingen 2014, 119 S. Heinz Schilling (Hg. unter Mitarbeit von Anne Mittelhammer) Der Reformator Martin Luther 2017. Eine wissenschaftliche und gedenkpolitische Bestandsaufnahme (Schriften des Historischen Kollegs. Kolloquien 92) de Gruyter Oldenbourg Berlin 2014, XVII 309 S. Wem gehort Luther? hg. v. Deutschen Historischen Museum, Mitteldeutscher Halle 2015, 112 S. Olaf Zimmermann/Theo Geissler (Hg. Disputationen. Reflexionen zum Reformationsjubilaum 2017 (Aus Politik und Kultur 10) Deutscher Kulturrat e.V. Berlin 22015, 199 S.
Mariana serpentinite mud volcanism exhumes subducted seamount materials: implications for the origin of life
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Year: 2020

The subduction of seamounts and ridge features at convergent plate boundaries plays an important role in the deformation of the overriding plate and influences geochemical cycling and associated biological processes. Active serpentinization of forearc mantle and serpentinite mud volcanism on the Mariana forearc (between the trench and active volcanic arc) provides windows on subduction processes. Here, we present (1) the first observation of an extensive exposure of an undeformed Cretaceous seamount currently being subducted at the Mariana Trench inner slope; (2) vertical deformation of the forearc region related to subduction of Pacific Plate seamounts and thickened crust; (3) recovered Ocean Drilling Program and International Ocean Discovery Program cores of serpentinite mudflows that confirm exhumation of various Pacific Plate lithologies, including subducted reef limestone; (4) petrologic, geochemical and paleontological data from the cores that show that Pacific Plate seamount exhumation covers greater spatial and temporal extents; (5) the inference that microbial communities associated with serpentinite mud volcanism may also be exhumed from the subducted plate seafloor and/or seamounts; and (6) the implications for effects of these processes with regard to evolution of life. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Serpentine in the Earth system'
Complex network and redundancy analysis of spatial temporal dynamic changes and driving forces behind changes in oases within the Tarim Basin in northwestern China
Year: 2021

Oases serve as the material basis for human survival and development in arid areas, and thus monitoring their spatial temporal dynamic changes is of theoretical and practical significance. In this study, a four stage oasis dynamic change network model was constructed, based on the complex network method, to analyze oases dynamic changes within the Tarim Basin located in northwestern China from 1990 to 2018. Network indicators, such as the degree value, betweenness centrality, and average path length were calculated to identify key land types and transformation processes, and to discuss the stability of oasis systems. This method provided a process analysis with statistical metrics and more information than the traditional methods to reveal the spatial temporal dynamic change process of oases. In addition, seven social and economic indicators were selected to analyze the driving force behind oasis dynamic change through detrended correspondence analysis and redundant analysis. Our results showed that the total and artificial oases areas increased, but the natural oases area decreased, during 1990 to 2018. Cultivated land and natural grassland played a key role in oasis dynamic change. The conversion between various nodes in the network became simpler and the oases systems became increasingly unstable with time. The urbanization and industrialization factors prompted the conversion of cultivated land and unutilized land to construction land, and economic indicators were the driving forces for the expansion of cultivated land. In summary, in order to establish a harmonious symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural environment, it is necessary to effectively control the scale of artificial oases conversion and protect the benign development of natural oases. Prohibiting excessive reclamation of cultivated land, returning unstable cultivated land to grassland for saving water, and governing degraded grassland were suggested to realize the sustainable oasis development.
Microbiological quality of water from hand dug wells used for domestic purposes in urban communities in Kumasi, Ghana
Year: 2011

Assessment was done on the microbiological quality of water in hand dug wells in urban communities in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 256 water samples were taken from eight wells and examined for faecal coliforms, enterococci and helminths. High contamination levels were recorded in the wells, more so in the wet season, with faecal coliforms levels between 6.44 and 10.19 log units and faecal enterococci between 4.23 and 4.85 CFU per 100 ml. Influence on protection and lining of wells on water quality was not pronounced but mechanization reduced contamination significantly by about 3 log units. This study shows a stronger influence of poor sanitation and improper placement of wells on water quality compared to improvements made from lining and protection of wells. In the race to increase access to drinking water in poor urban settlements, quality of groundwater could be a major barrier, if provision of drinking water is not matched with improvements in sanitation and urban planning.
Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine
Year: 2018

Morch et al. use data from nationwide registries in Denmark to examine contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer. A potential confounder was the age of the women at first birth since the risk of breast cancer is lower among women who give birth for the first time at an early age than among older women who do and a woman's age at first birth is delayed by contraception. Data on age at first birth were abstracted from the Danish National Birth Register which started in 1973. These data may be missing for older cohort members. Data should be complete for women younger than 35 years of age so Table S7 in the Supplementary Appendix of the article is important. However the authors' analysis was not adjusted for the women's age at first birth. An important omission was a discussion of how many women underwent tubal sterilization and whether they were placed disproportionately into the "never used hormonal contraception" category. Information about sterilization is available from the Danish National Health Register; this information is complete from 1977 on. This information again may be incomplete for older cohort members. Evidence that sterilization may lower the risk of breast cancer makes this an important issue. Women may choose to delay childbearing even knowing that it will increase their risk of breast cancer. They should not conclude from this study that this risk can be avoided by choosing "nonhormonal" contraceptive methods of an unspecified type and efficacy.
Signal Processing Methods for Doppler Radar Heart Rate Monitoring
Year: 2008

A practical means for unobtrusive and ubiquitous detection and monitoring of heart and respiration activity from a distance could be a powerful tool for health care, emergency, and surveillance applications, yet remains a largely unrealized goal. Without the need for contact or subject preparation (special clothing, attachments, etc. this could better extend health monitoring to the chronically ill in routine life, allow wellness monitoring for a large population without known predisposition for risk or harm, and provide alarm and data in emergencies. Such technology could also be used to detect lost or hidden subjects, to help assess emotional state, and to compliment more cumbersome measurements as pre screening. Doppler radar remote sensing of vital signs has shown promise to this end, with proof of concept demonstrated for various applications. Unfortunately, this principle has not been developed to the level of practical application, mainly due to a lack of an effective way to isolate desired target motion from interference. However, by leveraging recent advances in signal processing and wireless communications technologies, this technique has the potential to transcend mere novelty and make a profound impact on health and welfare in society.
When User Experience Designers Partner with Data Scientists
Venue: AAAI Spring Symposia
Year: 2017

The increasing capacity to capture and feed behavioral data for systems to learn is transforming the design of user experiences. In this paper, we discuss two effects of this emerging toolkit. On the one hand, creating experiences with learning algorithms is pushing designers to consider how users begin, evolve, and end their interactions, which themselves produce and consume data. On the other hand, the design of experiences powered by machine learning is now occurring in new, multidisciplinary teams, which presents a variety of frictions and opportunities for misunderstandings which must be overcome. We discuss the similarities and differences in the methods that designers and data scientists use in their work, and conclude with a series of touch points and principles that partnerships between designers and data scientists can consider for productive relationships.
Auditing the Personalization and Composition of Politically Related Search Engine Results Pages
Venue: WWW
Year: 2018

Search engines are a primary means through which people obtain information in today>>s connected world. Yet, apart from the search engine companies themselves, little is known about how their algorithms filter, rank, and present the web to users. This question is especially pertinent with respect to political queries, given growing concerns about filter bubbles, and the recent finding that bias or favoritism in search rankings can influence voting behavior. In this study, we conduct a targeted algorithm audit of Google Search using a dynamic set of political queries. We designed a Chrome extension to survey participants and collect the Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) and autocomplete suggestions that they would have been exposed to while searching our set of political queries during the month after Donald Trump>>s Presidential inauguration. Using this data, we found significant differences in the composition and personalization of politically related SERPs by query type, subjects> characteristics, and date.
EasySched une architecture multi agent pour l'ordonnancement predictif et reactif de systemes de production de biens en fonction de l'energie renouvelable disponible dans un contexte industrie 4.0
Year: 2019

L'industrie 4.0 s'accompagne de la prise en compte de contraintes de developpement durable. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une architecture multi agent pour l'ordonnancement predictif et reactif coordonne entre des systemes de production de biens et des systemes de production d'energie renouvelable, appelee EasySched. La validation de cette architecture est originale, elle est menee de maniere completement et physiquement distribuee en utilisant des systemes embarques en reseau. Cette validation est menee sur une serie d'instances inspirees de la litterature. Les resultats montrent que les mecanismes proposes permettent d'adapter la production selon l'energie renouvelable disponible.
28 GHz Multi Beam Antenna Array based on Wideband High dimension 16x16 Butler Matrix
Venue: 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
Year: 2019

A 28 GHz multi beam array system employing a wideband high dimension 16x16 Butler matrix as the Beamforming Network (BFN) is presented for wireless communication with high data rate. The complexity of high dimension 16x16 Butler matrix is significantly reduced by utilizing a simple three layer Microstripline (ML) structure to ease the design and fabrication. The proposed multi beam array system based on wideband components can operate in a frequency range of 25 GHz to 30 GHz with the insertion loss of 4.8 dB at 28 GHz. 16 orthogonal beams with enhanced directional characteristics, i.e. 16 dBi main beam gain and 7deg Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) covering a spatial angle range of 68deg are experimentally achieved. In addition, the measured radiation patterns at the different feeding frequencies (27 GHz, 28 GHz and 29 GHz) are compared to evaluate the true time delay effect in Butler matrix.
Analysis of ground access modes choice King Khaled International Airport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Year: 2011

Airports are vital to the transportation system because air travel is the fastest means of transporting people and goods around the world. Airports also connect aviation systems with other modes of transportation. As a result, access modes to airports are critical to the aviation system, and studying air passenger decisions regarding mode choice is an essential part of airport management and system planning. Though there has been systematic analysis of car use to access airports, there has been less systematic attention to the use of the public transport system, especially the taxi service. The aim of this study is to identify King Khaled International Airport (KKIA) access mode characteristics and users, which has not been investigated previously concentrating on the mix between car and taxi using data collected specifically for this research. More than half (55.5% of the travelers surveyed arrived at KKIA by private car; taxi and limousine passengers accounted for 42.2% of the sample. The Saudi Public Transit Company (SAPTCO) transported only 2.3% of the air passengers surveyed. These results are similar to findings for an airport in the United States and very different from findings for an airports in the East (e.g. Hong Kong) A binary logit model was developed to evaluate the access mode choice. It was found that income, luggage, travel access time, and nationality significantly affect mode choice. Results provide insight for improved planning of access to KKIA.
Modelling coal rent, economic growth and CO2 emissions: Does regulatory quality matter in BRICS economies?
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2019

Global warming issues have been on the front burner of most economies and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa countries (BRICS) are no exception. The region has joined the rest of the world on the global strides to mitigate against global warming in terms of decoupling carbon dioxide emissions from economic growth. This is the motivation for the present study to consider the interaction between economic growth, pollutant emissions, coal rent while accounting for the role of other covariates like regulatory quality. The study is conducted in a balanced panel setting over annual frequency data from 1990 to 2014. To this end, Pooled mean group with dynamic autoregressive distributed lag [PMG ARDL (1,1,1,1,1) was conducted to explore the coal rents energy nexus. The empirical study shows that for BRICS countries, unlike coal consumption, coal rents have a significant but negative impact on CO2 emissions. Also, in contrast to expectation, regulations on coal rents in form of carbon damage costs have a significant but positive impact on CO2 emissions. This suggest that in line with the drive for growth by BRICS countries, and to achieve a reduction in the levels of CO2 emissions for green growth and sustainable development, more stringent environmental energy related regulations are inevitable. Thus, for policymakers it is vital to reinforce the use of stringent regulations as these economies opens up to more use of coal energy. However, the need to shift, the energy mix in BRICS to renewables is pertinent in a time of global environmental consciousness for cleaner energy sources and environmentally friendly ecosystem.
Cardiovascular outcomes with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A meta analysis of placebo controlled randomized trials.
Venue: International journal of cardiology
Year: 2017

The impact of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is not well established.  We searched electronic databases from inception through July 2016 for randomized, placebo controlled trials, involving SGLT 2 inhibitors. Fixed effects summary odds ratios (OR) were constructed using Peto model.  Eighty one trials with a total of 37,195 patients were included. The mean follow up was 89weeks. Compared with placebo, SGLT 2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59 0.86; P<0.001) cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.53 0.84; P=0.001) and heart failure (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51 0.87; P=0.003) but a similar risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.74 1.09; P=0.29) and stroke/transient ischemic attack (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.87 1.37; P=0.47) The reduction in all cause mortality was noticed with empagliflozin (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.54 0.81; P<0.001) but not with other SGLT 2 inhibitors (ORdapagliflozin 1.37; 95% CI 0.71 2.62; P=0.35; ORcanagliflozin 0.82; 95% CI 0.41 1.68; P=0.59; ORluseogliflozin 4.6; 95% CI 0.07 284.25; P=0.47; and ORipragliflozin 4.73; 95% CI 0.08 283.14; P=0.46) (Pinteraction=0.19) Potential harm was observed with dapagliflozin on cardiovascular mortality (OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.92 5.04, P=0.08)  In patients with type II DM, SGLT 2 inhibitors appeared to reduce both all cause and cardiovascular mortality, primarily due to reduction in the risk of heart failure. The benefit was only seen with empagliflozin. There was suggestion of potential harm with dapagliflozin, thus future trials are needed to ascertain the cardiovascular safety of other agents in this class.
A Flexible Convex Optimization Model for Semi supervised Clustering with Instance level Constraints
Year: 2011

Clustering is a common task in many applications e.g. digital image processing, text mining and bioinformatics. Many techniques such as k means, hierarchical clustering and spectral clustering, have been proposed. In a previous study, we proposed a quadratic programming model to address the fuzzy binary clustering problem in the unsupervised setting and then extended it to the general clustering problem. In this paper, we extend further the model in the semi supervised setting. It has three salient characteristics. First, both the label and link information of known samples can be integrated easily. Second, it illustrates the linkage between the hard binary clustering and fuzzy binary clustering in one framework, suggesting the benefits of fuzzy binary clustering theoretically. Third, a fast iterative algorithm is proposed, which can be applied to very large data sets. Numerical experiments on two data sets suggest its practical effectiveness and efficiency.
Coronavirus (COVID 19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know
Venue: Journal of the American College of Radiology
Year: 2020

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID 19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Since then, this highly contagious COVID 19 has been spreading worldwide, with a rapid rise in the number of deaths. Novel COVID 19 infected pneumonia (NCIP) is characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. A variety of chest imaging features have been reported, similar to those found in other types of coronavirus syndromes. The purpose of the present review is to briefly discuss the known epidemiology and the imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, with a focus on the reported imaging findings of NCIP. Moreover, the authors review precautions and safety measures for radiology department personnel to manage patients with known or suspected NCIP. Implementation of a robust plan in the radiology department is required to prevent further transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members.
The work related well being of social workers: Framing job demands, psychological well being, and work engagement
Year: 2019

Social workers' occupational health has become a central theme in the psychosocial literature. This study aimed at exploring how specific job demands and psychological well being are related to work engagement. A sample of 140 Italian social workers was analyzed in accordance with the job demands resources model. Participants were asked to complete a written questionnaire containing several measurement scales.  Multiple regression analyses showed that social workers' psychological well being was positively related to work engagement. Moderation analyses also indicated that, when psychological well being was high (vs. low) job demands were associated to higher levels of work engagement, thus highlighting the buffering role of psychological well being as a specific personal resource. When job demands were high (vs. low) the psychological well being appeared to be strongly related to lowest levels of work engagement, showing that high job demands could reduce the fostering role of psychological well being on social workers' work engagement. Applications While administration of job demands may often be difficult in social work contexts, managers should be encouraged, as part of a systemic approach to training, to promote specific measures for improving social workers' psychological well being as a personal resource for promoting work engagement.