nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Out of field Intervention in Chinese Social Contention in Internet Era An Empirical Analysis Based on"Wukan Event"
Year: 2014

In the era of the internet,contentious actors have diversified,including direct participants,witnesses and out of field interveners. Outof field interveners have not yet attracted the attention of researchers. Through the case study of"Wukan Event",we found that the out of field interveners are not passive bystanders,but ones with the interactive relationship between the direct participants. Out of field interveners also have an important impact on contentious events. They attained that mainly by gaining more say with the help of the multiple channels of information,and then having an influence on the appeal and issues of present social contention,expanding the contentious space in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. For these,outof field interveners can play a role on shaping contentious repertoires indirectly,avoiding excesses,balancing power between the different people on present contention. According to research,out of field intervention is a new trend in the current social contention of China,and also a new perspective that is indispensable for research of contention.
Primary culture of mouse embryonic spinal cord neurons: cell composition and suitability for axonal regeneration studies
Venue: The International journal of neuroscience
Year: 2019

Primary culture is an effective experimental model to study molecular mechanisms that drive axonal regeneration after central nervous system injury. However, the culture of spinal cord (SC) cells remains poorly characterized. Here, we have analyzed the cell composition of a primary SC culture during its maturation.  Primary cell culture was prepared from mouse embryo spinal cords. After 2, 7, and 14 days of cultivation, the cells were fixed and stained with antibodies against b3 tubulin, nestin, crmp1, SMI 32, DCC or GFAP. We counted percentage of cells positive for the mentioned markers and measured the length of cell processes.  We found that b3 tubulin and nestin were both expressed at day 2 of culture in vitro. Surprisingly (given the use of differentiation supporting culture medium) the number of nestin+ cells has significantly increased during the first week of cultivation. The GFAP+ cells appeared only at the seventh day in vitro, and their fraction increased during the following cultivation. At 14 day in vitro, SC culture contained cells that expressed the markers typical of commissural and motor neurons. At this age, the neurons had the ability to repair injured neurites after mechanical damage.  Primary culture of SC cells is a dynamically developing cell population that contains all main types of SC cells and is capable of self repair. Therefore, the culture of mouse embryonic SC cells represents an adequate experimental model for studying cellular and molecular processes taking place in SC neurons after axonal damage in the absence of external inhibitors.
Tracking e learning through published papers: A systematic review
Venue: Comput. Educ.
Year: 2019

Electronic learning (e learning) is a broader approach to learning that brings new opportunities for learning and teaching in many fields of education far from the traditional classroom environment. Over the past decades, research in the field indicates a proliferation of e learning contents and discrepancies that affect interoperability patterns in education for students and teachers; however, little has been done to assess the usability of e learning systems. From a different perspective, this study aims to provide information on the numerous findings relating to the cumulative results of e learning in education. This systematic review uses a full protocol with the aim of standardizing and specifying all the procedures adopted to collect and code 99 academic articles from 2010 to 2018 with keywords: education and e learning. The text analysis as conducted using the qualitative software Leximancer to extract meaning from the large number of articles retrieved. The results highlight four dominant themes, namely education systems and learning issues that in turn promote student behaviours and the use of online learning tools. This research contributes towards providing research propositions that can be used in a cogent theoretical framework and, based on the analysis, we also propose a new definition of e learning.
ResPRE: high accuracy protein contact prediction by coupling precision matrix with deep residual neural networks
Venue: Bioinform.
Year: 2019

Contact map of a protein sequence dictates the global topology of structural fold. Accurate prediction of the contact map is thus essential to protein 3D structure prediction, which is particularly useful for the protein sequences that do not have close homology templates in the PDB.  We developed a new method, ResPRE, to predict residue level protein contacts using inverse covariance matrix (or precision matrix) of multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) through deep residual convolutional neural network training. The approach was tested on a set of 158 non homologous proteins collected from the CASP experiments and achieved an average accuracy of 50.6% in the top L long range contact prediction with L being the sequence length, which is 11.7% higher than the best of other state of the art approaches ranging from coevolution coupling analysis to deep neural network training. Detailed data analyses show that the major advantage of ResPRE lies at the utilization of precision matrix that helps rule out transitional noises of contact maps compared to the previously used covariance matrix. Meanwhile, the residual network with parallel shortcut layer connections increases the learning ability of deep neural network training. It was also found that appropriate collection of MSAs can further improve the accuracy of final contact map predictions. The standalone package and online server of ResPRE are made freely available, which should bring important impact on protein structure and function modeling studies in particular for the distant and non homology protein targets. ResPRE and https:/github.com/leeyang/ResPRE.  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Towards Accurate and Robust Domain Adaptation under Noisy Environments
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

In non stationary environments, learning machines usually confront the domain adaptation scenario where the data distribution does change over time. Previous domain adaptation works have achieved great success in theory and practice. However, they always lose robustness in noisy environments where the labels and features of examples from the source domain become corrupted. In this paper, we report our attempt towards achieving accurate noise robust domain adaptation. We first give a theoretical analysis that reveals how harmful noises influence unsupervised domain adaptation. To eliminate the effect of label noise, we propose an offline curriculum learning for minimizing a newly defined empirical source risk. To reduce the impact of feature noise, we propose a proxy distribution based margin discrepancy. We seamlessly transform our methods into an adversarial network that performs efficient joint optimization for them, successfully mitigating the negative influence from both data corruption and distribution shift. A series of empirical studies show that our algorithm remarkably outperforms state of the art, over 10% accuracy improvements in some domain adaptation tasks under noisy environments.
Improving Distributed Decision Making in Inventory Management: A Combined ABC AHP Approach Supported by Teamwork
Venue: Complex.
Year: 2020

The need of organizations to ensure service levels that impact on customer satisfaction has required the design of collaborative processes among stakeholders involved in inventory decision making. The increase of quantity and variety of items, on the one hand, and demand and customer expectations, on the other hand, are transformed into a greater complexity in inventory management, requiring effective communication and agreements between the leaders of the logistics processes. Traditionally, decision making in inventory management was based on approaches conditioned only by cost or sales volume. These approaches must be overcome by others that consider multiple criteria, involving several areas of the companies and taking into account the opinions of the stakeholders involved in these decisions. Inventory management becomes part of a complex system that involves stakeholders from different areas of the company, where each agent has limited information and where the cooperation between such agents is key for the system's performance. In this paper, a distributed inventory control approach was used with the decisions allowing communication between the stakeholders and with a multicriteria group decision making perspective. This work proposes a methodology that combines the analysis of the value chain and the AHP technique, in order to improve communication and the performance of the areas related to inventory management decision making. This methodology uses the areas of the value chain as a theoretical framework to identify the criteria necessary for the application of the AHP multicriteria group decision making technique. These criteria were defined as indicators that measure the performance of the areas of the value chain related to inventory management and were used to classify ABC inventory of the products according to these selected criteria. Therefore, the methodology allows us to solve inventory management DDM based on multicriteria ABC classification and was validated in a Colombian company belonging to the graphic arts sector.
Characterization and biological activity of bacterial glycoconjugates in cold adaptation.
Year: 2016

The cryosphere, covering about one fifth of the surface of the Earth, comprises several components: snow, river and lake ice, sea ice, ice sheets, ice shelves, glaciers and ice caps, and frozen ground which exist, both on land and beneath the oceans (Vaughan DG, et al. 2013) All these habitats, combining the low temperature and the low liquid water activity, are challenging for all the forms of life (Casanueva et al. 2010) These extreme environments are inhabited by microorganisms of all three domains of life; in particular, cold adapted microorganisms belong to Archea and Bacteria domains. To survive in these harsh life conditions, these microorganisms have developed many adaptation strategies, including the over expression of cold shock and heat shock proteins, the presence of unsaturated and branched fatty acids that maintain membrane fluidity (Chattopadhyay et al. 2006) the different phosphorylation of membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides (Ummarino et al. 2003; Corsaro et al. 2004; Carillo et al. 2013; Casillo et al. 2015) and the production of cold active enzymes (Huston et al. 2004) antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) and cryoprotectants (Deming et al. 2009) Among cryoprotectants, carbohydrate based extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a pivotal role in cold adaptation, as they form an organic network within the ice, modifying the structure of brine channels and contributing in the enrichment and retention of microrganisms in ice (Krembs et al. 2002; Krembs et al. 2011; Ewert et al. 2013) Macromolecules belonging to the external layer are fundamental in adaptation mechanisms, as for example the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) which constitute the 75% of the outer membrane. LPSs have a structural role since increase the strength of bacterial cell envelope and mediate the contacts with the external environment. The general structure of an LPS is characterized by three distinct portions: the lipid A, composed of the typical glucosamine disaccharide backbone with different pattern of acylation on the two sugar residues, the core oligosaccharide, distinguishable in a inner core and a outer core, and the O chain polysaccharide built up of oligosaccharide repeating units. This latter moiety can be absent, and in that case LPSs are named lipooligosaccharides (LOSs)
A new time calibration method for switched capacitor array based waveform samplers
Venue: 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)
Year: 2013

We have developed a new time calibration method for DRS4 waveform sampler. The method is based on the correlation between differential amplitude and time interval of adjacent switched capacitor cells responding to a simple saw tooth shape pulses. In the experiment, saw tooth pulse with 40ns period from a Tektronix AWG7104 is fed to DRS4 evaluation board for calibrating all 1024 cells of the board. The electronic time resolution of the DRS4 board with the new time calibration is measured to be ~5.6ps FWHM using two identical simulataneous Gaussian pulses. The time resolution dependencies on the delay and the sampling speed are measured also. The new method is applicable for other switched capacitor array technology based waveform samplers for precise time calibration.
Investigating interpreters' empathy: Are emotions in simultaneous interpreting contagious?
Year: 2019

An experimental study was conducted to examine whether simultaneous interpreters are affected by the speaker's emotions. To this end, two measures of emotion were used: galvanic skin response (GSR) as a marker of emotional arousal, and SUPIN the Polish adaptation of PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) A group of interpreters with Polish as their A language and English as their B language (N 20) took part in the experiment. They were asked to simultaneously interpret two speeches (recordings accompanied by video) from Polish into English: a neutral speech and an emotional speech. The results show that the interpreters are indeed affected by the speaker's emotions, which is reflected in both a greater galvanic skin response and higher SUPIN scores for the emotional speech, when compared to the neutral speech and baseline values. The results may shed new light on the importance of emotion processing in simultaneous interpreting.
Corporate Governance and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from UK Panel Data
Year: 2016

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and risk of stock price crash in UK firms. We use CEO Pay Slice (CPS) the fraction of maximum top five executives' total compensation that goes to the CEO, and board 'busyness' the proportion of board level directors who have three or more directorships to evaluate the effect of these two important aspects of corporate governance on stock price crash risk. The CPS reflects relative importance of the CEO as well as the extent to which the CEO is able to extract rents and expropriate shareholders wealth (expropriation effect) Board busyness may create a serious agency problem because directors are "too busy to mind the business" allowing for executives' short termism and bad news hoarding (busyness effect) Using a large sample of UK listed companies over the 1997 to 2010 period, we document evidence supporting a positive relationship between CPS, board busyness and stock price crash risk. In line with the expropriation and busyness effects, we find that companies with high CPS and high levels of board busyness are exposed to higher level of stock price crash risk. The fact that CPS positively impacts on stock price crash risk has a strong implication for the ongoing debate on how to reform executive remuneration so that it provides the right incentives to directors. There is also a direct implication for the public debate on limitation of the number of directorships held by executives from our findings, as we argue that board effectiveness depends on the overall level of board business.
IDENTITY, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF A FRENCH PHOTONICS CLUSTER THE CASE OF OPTX
Year: 2020

The work of producing knowledge and skills cannot be done by professionals alone. How are knowledge, technology, or management systems established? This research focuses on various actors who work in industrial clusters in the knowledge creation process, by observing the "space" in which they are involved. This paper is a monography on the functioning of a 'competitive cluster' namely OPTX, a photonics technology based cluster located in the South of France. The survey was carried out with qualitative methods such as fieldworks and personal interviews during 2017 2018. The OPTX cluster is a community composed by companies, labs, institutions of higher education and innovation partners. Considered as one of the European top class competitive clusters, it plays a key role both in industrial development and in technological advancement in the field of optics/photonics and image processing. To forge an 'ecosystem' favorable for the development of SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises) the cluster works in different fields of strategic activities (science industry collaboration, patenting, marketing etc. targeting high potential growth markets. It was found that for SMEs, OPTX plays the role of interface with the major groups and outsourcers in the photonics sector.
On the interaction of automatic evaluation and task framing in headline style transfer
Venue: EVALNLGEVAL
Year: 2020

An ongoing debate in the NLG community concerns the best way to evaluate systems, with human evaluation often being considered the most reliable method, compared to corpusbased metrics. However, tasks involving subtle textual differences, such as style transfer, tend to be hard for humans to perform. In this paper, we propose an evaluation method for this task based on purposely trained classifiers, showing that it better reflects system differences than traditional metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE.
Relationship Between Time Management Behavior and Academic Performance of University Students
Year: 2020

Abdur Rashid, Ilyas Sharif, Shakeel Khan, Fazal Malik Lecturer, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper, Pakistan Lecturer, Quaid e Azam College of Commerce, University of Peshawar, Pakistan, ilyasqacc@uop.edu.pk Lecturer Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 4 PhD Scholar, Management Science, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Virtual Autumn Meeting December 17 18 The Size Effect of Powdered Scintillator on High Resolution X ray Imaging System
Year: 2020

Digital X ray imaging uses a converter which emits visible light (indirect) or electrons (direct) when absorbing X ray. Indirect system uses a scintillator as a converter with light detector [1 4] A scintillator is a substance that emits visible light when it reacts with Xray or other radiations. The structure and optical properties of scintillators affect the quality of X ray images. Powdered scintillator screen for X ray image is used a lot in industry, medical diagnostics and various fields  In such a scintillator, the optical light generated from the scintillator is optically diffused by other grains, resulting in light spread, which reduces the spatial resolution of X ray image [10 12] However, if nanoparticle scintillators are used for powderedscintillator screen, high spatial resolution can be achieved due to low light spread [13, 14] In this experiment, powdered zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) scintillators were prepared by the solid state reaction. ZnWO4 is of great interest as ultraviolet, X ray, g ray, electron beam and proton beam scintillator [15 19] For the above reasons, ZnWO4 has the unique characteristics about luminescent property, high density, high chemical stability, short decay time, low afterglow, and economical price [16, 20 25] Meanwhile, my research team developed the highresolution X ray inspection system (HRXIS)  This system consists of a carbon nano tube (CNT) based miniature x ray tube, a scintillator, an optical lens, and a scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductors (sCMOS) detector. The concept of the developed system is that transmits the X ray in the form of an object attached to a scintillator, and then magnifies the image formed on the scintillator screen using an optical lens, then acquire images on the sCMOS detector. This system not only can acquire X ray images with high spatial resolution, but also inspect the internal defect of micro sized small objects. In this study, the zinc oxide nanoparticles and tungsten oxide nanoparticles used in the solid state reaction were synthesized using anodization method. Anodization method is that if a platinum relative electrode and a metal wire are added to the electrolyte and then a voltage of 10 100 V are applied, oxidation and etching occurs on the metal wire resulting in metal oxide nanoparticles [27] ZnWO4 nanoparticles were fabricated through the solid state reaction using asprepared zinc oxide nanoparticles and tungsten oxide nanoparticles. The solid state reaction was carried out at different temperatures for fabricating the various sizes of ZnWO4 powders. The different sizes of ZnWO4 powders were fabricated as thin screens on silicon glasses. These scintillator screens were applied to the HRXIS for obtaining X ray image. Finally, it was evaluated whether high spatial resolution of X ray images can be obtained when nanoparticle scintillators are applied to high resolution X ray imaging.
Extreme cyclone events in the Arctic: Wintertime variability and trends
Year: 2017

Typically 20 40 extreme cyclone events (sometimes called 'weather bombs' occur in the Arctic North Atlantic per winter season, with an increasing trend of 6 events/decade over 1979 2015, according to 6 hourly station data from Ny Alesund. This increased frequency of extreme cyclones is consistent with observed significant winter warming, indicating that the meridional heat and moisture transport they bring is a factor in rising temperatures in the region. The winter trend in extreme cyclones is dominated by a positive monthly trend of about 3 4 events/decade in November December, due mainly to an increasing persistence of extreme cyclone events. A negative trend in January opposes this, while there is no significant trend in February. We relate the regional patterns of the trend in extreme cyclones to anomalously low sea ice conditions in recent years, together with associated large scale atmospheric circulation changes such as 'blocking like' circulation patterns (e.g. Scandinavian blocking in December and Ural blocking during January February)
The Effect of Irradiation on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Selected Types of Polymers
Venue: Polymers
Year: 2018

This article deals with the influence of electron beam radiation on the micro mechanical, thermo mechanical, and structural properties of selected polymers. In the search for the desired improvement of polymers, it is possible to use, inter alia, one particular possible modification Namely, crosslinking Which is a process during which macromolecular chains start to connect to each other and, thus, create the spatial network in the structure. In the course of the treatment of the ionizing radiation, two actions can occur: crosslinking and scission of macromolecules, or degradation. Both these processes run in parallel. Using the crosslinking technology, standard and technical polymers can acquire the more "expensive" high tech polymeric material properties and, thus, replace these materials in many applications. The polymers that were tested were selected from across the whole spectra of thermoplastics, ranging from commodity polymers, technical polymers, as well as high performance polymers. These polymers were irradiated by different doses of beta radiation (33, 66, 99, 132, 165, and 198 kGy) The micro mechanical and thermo mechanical properties of these polymers were measured. When considering the results, it is obvious that irradiation acts on each polymer differently but, always when the optimal dose was found, the mechanical properties increased by up to 36% The changes of micro mechanical and thermo mechanical properties were confirmed by structural measurement when the change of the micro hardness and modulus corresponded to the crystalline phase change as determined by X ray and gel content.