nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Resistive Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for a Hybrid High Voltage Direct Current System
Venue: Materials
Year: 2018

In this paper, a hybrid high voltage direct current transmission system containing a line commutated converter and a voltage source converter is developed. To enhance the robustness of the hybrid transmission system against direct current short circuit faults, resistive type superconducting fault current limiters are applied, and the effectiveness of this approach is assessed. Related mathematical models are built, and the theoretical functions of the proposed approach are expounded. According to the transient simulations in MATLAB software, the results demonstrate that: (i) The superconducting fault current limiter at the voltage source converter station enables to very efficiently mitigate the fault transients, and owns an enhanced current limiting ability for handling the short line faults. (ii) The superconducting fault current limiter at the line commutated converter station is able to mildly limit the fault current and alleviate the voltage drop, and its working performance has a low sensitivity to the fault location. At the end of the study, a brief scheme design of the resistive type superconducting fault current limiters is achieved. In conclusion, the application feasibility of the proposed approach is well confirmed.
Improving Neural Machine Translation by Achieving Knowledge Transfer with Sentence Alignment Learning
Venue: CoNLL
Year: 2019

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) optimized by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) lacks the guarantee of translation adequacy. To alleviate this problem, we propose an NMT approach that heightens the adequacy in machine translation by transferring the semantic knowledge learned from bilingual sentence alignment. Specifically, we first design a discriminator that learns to estimate sentence aligning score over translation candidates, and then the learned semantic knowledge is transfered to the NMT model under an adversarial learning framework. We also propose a gated self attention based encoder for sentence embedding. Furthermore, an N pair training loss is introduced in our framework to aid the discriminator in better capturing lexical evidence in translation candidates. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms baseline NMT models on Chinese to English and English to German translation tasks. Further analysis also indicates the detailed semantic knowledge transfered from the discriminator to the NMT model.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Speaking Skills of Iranian Advanced EFL Learners
Year: 2018

The role of emotional intelligence as a significant factor contributing to academic achievement was central in the area of research for several years. In second language learning research, personal and social skills seems to be critical as individual differences in language production. In this regard, this study has attempted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and speaking skills of Iranian advanced EFL learners. In order to achieve this goal, 96 advanced EFL learners including 48 males and 48 females were randomly selected from eight institutes in Tehran. The design of the study is a quantitative, non experimental research utilizing a correlational approach. The data were gathered through an EQ questionnaire (namely EQ i: S, designed by Bar On) and speaking test (from ILETS samples of speaking tests in the form of individual interview) The value of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and speaking score of advanced EFL learners. The findings of the present study which denoted the role of EQ in speaking ability can be efficiently implemented in educational system through social and emotional learning programs to improve students' oral proficiency in language classroom. And it is the job of English teachers to exploit students' full potential in order to facilitate language learning.
On Pickles: Biological and Sociocultural Links Between Fermented Foods and the Human Gut Microbiome
Year: 2021

BackgroundThe composition of the human microbiome varies considerably in diversity and density across communities as a function of the foods we eat and the places we live. While all foods contain microbes, humans directly shape this microbial ecology through fermentation. Fermented foods are produced from microbial reactions that depend on local environmental conditions, fermentation practices, and the manner in which foods are prepared and consumed. These interactions are of special interest to ethnobiologists because they link investigations of how people shape and know the world around them to local knowledge, food traditions, local flora, and microbial taxa. MethodsIn this manuscript, we report on data collected at a fermentation revivalist workshop in Tennessee. To ask how fermentation traditions are learned and influence macro and micro ecologies, we conducted interviews and participated in a four day craft fermentation workshop, and then collected both fermented food products and stool samples from workshop participants eating those fermented foods. ResultsWe identified ten major themes comprised of 29 sub themes drawn from 326 marked codes in the transcripts. In combination, this analysis allowed us to summarize key experiences with fermentation, particularly those related to a sense of authenticity, place, health, and the discovery of tactile work. From the 605 ASVs shared between food and fecal samples, we identified 25 candidate ASVs that are suspected to have been transmitted from fermented food samples to the gut microbiomes of the workshop participants. Our results indicate that many of the foods prepared and consumed during the workshop were rich sources of probiotic microbes. ConclusionsBy combining these qualitative social and quantitative microbiological data, we suggest that variation in culturally informed fermentation practices introduces variation in bacterial flora even among very similar foods, and that these food products can influence gut microbial ecology.
On the relation between dependency distance, crossing dependencies, and parsing. Comment on "Dependency distance: a new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages" by Haitao Liu et al
Venue: Physics of life reviews
Year: 2017

Liu et al. (2017) provide a comprehensive account of research on dependency distance in human languages. While the article is a very rich and useful report on this complex subject, here I will expand on a few specific issues where research in computational linguistics (specifically natural language processing) can inform DDM research, and vice versa. These aspects have not been explored much in the article by Liu et al. or elsewhere, probably due to the little overlap between both research communities, but they may provide interesting insights for improving our understanding of the evolution of human languages, the mechanisms by which the brain processes and understands language, and the construction of effective computer systems to achieve this goal.
Revisiting Rosenblatt's Transactional Approach Through Shaun Tan's The Red Tree
Venue: Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics
Year: 2019

Readers interpret the meaning from the text in many different manners and Loise Rosenblatt put forward the transactional approach to reading which holds true that reading is more of a transaction between the reader and the text. This theory comes under the umbrella term of Reader Response Criticism. The Red Tree is a children's picture book by Shaun Tan. He is an Australian artist, film maker and a writer as well. This paper tries to interpret The Red Tree using the Transactional Approach to understand whether reading can actually be a transaction instead of being totally passive.  Response, Transactional approach, Picture book, Interaction DOI 10.7176/JLLL/55 02 Publication date April 30 th 2019
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) over Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
Venue: RFC
Year: 2017

This document describes the procedures and recommendations for Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Provider Edges (PEs) to facilitate replication of multicast traffic to only certain ports (behind which there are interested Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) routers and/or Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) hosts) via PIM snooping and proxying. With PIM snooping, PEs passively listen to certain PIM control messages to build control and forwarding states while transparently flooding those messages. With PIM proxying, PEs do not flood PIM Join/Prune messages but only generate their own and send them out of certain ports, based on the control states built from downstream Join/Prune messages. PIM proxying is required when PIM Join suppression is enabled on the Customer Edge (CE) devices and is useful for reducing PIM control traffic in a VPLS domain. This document also describes PIM relay, which can be viewed as lightweight proxying, where all downstream Join/Prune messages are simply forwarded out of certain ports and are not flooded, thereby avoiding the triggering of PIM Join suppression on CE devices.
MRI as a Potential Imaging Biomarker of Mitochondrial Metabolic State of Breast Cancer
Year: 2011

Tumor metabolism has become an active area of research recently. Abnormalities in mitochondrial metabolic state including redox state are found to be important factors in tumor progression. Previous work has shown mitochondrial redox state measured with redox scanning in human melanoma and breast cancer mouse xenografts can predict the tumor metastatic potential or aggressiveness  We aim to investigate if non invasive MRI methods could serve as surrogate metabolic/functional imaging biomarkers for tumor metastatic potential. The chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect from amide and hydroxyl protons have previously been exploited to measure pH  and liver glycogen  CEST contrast using high magnitude of saturating RF pulse can be used to map fast exchanging free amino acids, such as brain glutamate (Glu)  Glu also promotes cancer proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells [6] As one of the major metabolites  in breast cancer exhibiting CEST effect, Glu is known to be connected with mitochondrial redox reactions through a ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle. Therefore, we hypothesize that CEST effect from breast cancer amino acids (especially Glu) may be used as a non invasive biomarker of mitochondrial metabolic state for predicting cancer metastatic potential.
Hierarchical Co3O4@PPy@MnO2 core shell shell nanowire arrays for enhanced electrochemical energy storage
Year: 2014

Combining hydrothermal synthesis, electrodeposition with soaking process, we synthesized coaxial nanowire arrays consisting of Co 3 O 4 nanowire as the core, polypyrrole (PPy) as the inner shell and MnO 2 outer layer as the exodermis. The key to fabricate one dimensional hierarchical architecture, Co 3 O 4 @PPy@MnO 2 "core shell shell" nanowires, was to introduce a PPy intermediate layer on the surface of Co 3 O 4 nanowire, which could enhance the conductivity of nanowire arrays and act as a reactive template to induce a coating of amorphous MnO 2 The device based on the ternary composite Co 3 O 4 @PPy@MnO 2 nanowire arrays exhibited prominent electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 34.3 Wh kg 1 at a power density of 80.0 W kg 1 and a remarkable long term cycling stability. In addition, the performance of as assembled asymmetrical supercapacitor was demonstrated using a DC motor. The results imply that ternary composite based electrode materials have enormous potential for energy storage devices and systems.
Exploring the integration of corporate social responsibility into the strategies of small and medium sized enterprises: A systematic literature review
Year: 2018

A marked increase has taken place in the past two decades in the volume of research undertaken into the procedures used, and issues encountered, by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as they integrate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into their business strategies. In the present study, we uncover, by means of a systematic literature review (n 118) a growing conceptual and terminological fragmentation of the nomenclature used to capture notions surrounding areas of business responsibility that are specific to smaller business. Likewise, as a result of this, a diverse selection of terms are used by scholars in the field as alternatives to the term "CSR" This practice hinders consolidation in the field. Here, we use a qualitative content analysis approach to explore the different expressions used to characterize CSR in the context of SME strategy. We then categorize the academic literature into 4 overarching topics: (1) "Ethical values and social connections/relationships of the entrepreneur or owner manager" (2) "Relevance of business context and long term performance" (3) "Importance of formal processes for CSR integration" and (4) "Political issues with relevance to CSR" This categorization serves as a basis for future research: by consolidating a fragmented field, it offers a comprehensive foundation on which to base future conceptual and empirical efforts into evaluating the various ways in which SMEs integrate CSR into their strategies.
Developers' choices under varying characteristic time and competition among municipalities
Year: 2012

In a previous paper (Czamanski and Roth in  2011) we demonstrated that spatial variation in characteristic time can lead to leapfrogging and scattered development, especially in times when interest rates are low or negligible. We explained this result by modeling the simple behavior of developers in the context of a single city within a linear space. In this paper, we consider the case of two municipalities that leads to development policies that are reflected in different characteristic time functions in each territory. Myopic assumptions, in the sense that each city is interested only in what happens on its side of the border, can easily lead to unintended leapfrogging. Whereas competition between the cities, including in the case that each city takes into consideration processes in the entire region, can result in intentional leapfrogging or in spatially concentrated development, depending on the policy objectives of the authorities.
Street smoking bans in Japan: a hope for smoke free cities?
Venue: Health policy
Year: 2011

This study analysed 112 municipalities enforcing municipal smoking restrictions on streets in Japan to examine anti smoking measures implemented in urban settings from a health perspective and derive lessons for future tobacco control.  Municipal governments implementing ordinances which restrict smoking on streets were identified through grey literature review. Implementation period, characteristics, scope, and department responsible were examined.  Since the first municipal regulation was introduced in 1997, many other municipalities have followed. Enforcement of fines started in 2002, which is now a common practice nationwide. Nevertheless, the health impact of exposure to secondhand smoke is not clearly articulated in the ordinances. Street smoking bans have been developed in connection with "beautification" and littering prevention for environmental purposes, and local health departments do not have responsibility for these ordinances.  There is potential to further prevent secondhand smoke exposure if such measures are expanded to indoor environments and integrated into broader policies. For policy makers and advocates, the Japanese experience provides information on an additional tobacco control intervention as well as clues in the process of design, implementation and enforcement of such municipal measures. A more comprehensive and health driven approach is required to effectively address the harm of secondhand smoke in Japan.
An efficient approach for mining sequential patterns using multiple threads on very large databases
Venue: Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell.
Year: 2018

Sequential pattern mining (SPM) plays an important role in data mining, with broad applications such as in financial markets, education, medicine, and prediction. Although there are many efficient algorithms for SPM, the mining time is still high, especially for mining sequential patterns from huge databases, which require the use of a parallel technique. In this paper, we propose a parallel approach named MCM SPADE (Multiple threads CM SPADE) for use on a multi core processor system as a multi threading technique for SPM with very large database, to enhance the performance of the previous methods SPADE and CM SPADE. The proposed algorithm uses the vertical data format and a data structure named CMAP (Co occurrence MAP) for storing co occurrence information. Based on the data structure CMAP, the proposed algorithm performs early pruning of the candidates to reduce the search space and it partitions the related tasks to each processor core by using the divide and conquer property. The proposed algorithm also uses dynamic scheduling to avoid task idling and achieve load balancing between processor cores. The experimental results show that MCM SPADE attains good parallelization efficiency on various input databases.
Islamism in Indonesia: Politics in the Emerging Democracy
Year: 2009

The fall of President Soeharto in May 1998 and the introduction of multi party democracy by President BJ Habibie have unleashed religious parties (both Islamic and Christian) in Indonesian politics. This study shows that the Islamist agenda of the Islamist parties is overshadowed by their political pragmatism. This book is a must read account on the rise and failure of the Islamist struggle in Indonesia's emerging democracy. Platzdasch's work is without a doubt a significant and timely contribution to a better understanding of Islamic politics in contemporary Indonesia. Professor Azyumardi Azra, Professor of History Director, Graduate School, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Exploring Levels of ICT Adoption and Sustainable Development The Case of Polish Enterprises
Venue: 2019 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS)
Year: 2019

This study is a part research on the effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) adoption on sustainable development in the enterprises' context [1][3] Its main purpose is to identify parameters stimulating the progress of ICT adoption and sustainable development and assess the two constructs based on these parameters. The identified parameters of ICT adoption are grouped into four categories i.e. ICT outlay, information culture, ICT management, and ICT quality, whereas the parameters of sustainable development are classified into ecological, economic, sociocultural, and political sustainability categories. This study employs a quantitative approach and descriptive statistics are employed to evaluate the levels of ICT adoption and sustainable development. The survey questionnaire was used and data collected from 394 enterprises were analyzed. The research findings reveal that digital and socio cultural competences of employees and managers, financial capabilities ensuring ICT projects as well as law regulations associated with ICT adoption, and information security were at the highest level within enterprises. However, the lowest level was specific for BI and ERP system adoption as well as the adoption of latest management concepts and the exploitation of synergies between national ICT projects and own ones. Moreover, the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of customer services, better and more efficient organization of work, the enhancement of customer satisfaction and loyalty and the acquirement of new customers and markets were at the highest level within enterprises. However, the lowest level was specific for enterprises' participation in the democratic public decision making as well as energy savings and environmental protection. This study advances ongoing research on ICT adoption and sustainable development by exploring parameters which can be used to describe and assess the levels of ICT adoption and sustainable development in the context of enterprises. Moreover, these parameters help clarify areas that need further improvement and stimulate the progress of ICT adoption and sustainable development.
Fine mapping and characterization of Sr21, a temperature sensitive diploid wheat resistance gene effective against the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group
Venue: Theoretical and Applied Genetics
Year: 2015

messageThe diploid wheat stem rust resistance geneSr21 confers temperature sensitive resistance to isolates of the Ug99 group and maps to the middle of the long arm of chromosome 2Am.AbstractA race of Pucciniagraminis f. sp. tritici, the causal pathogen of stem rust of wheat, known as Ug99, and its variants, are virulent to plants carrying stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in most wheat cultivars worldwide. Therefore, identification, mapping and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical to reduce this threat. Resistance gene Sr21 identified in diploid wheat T. monococcum can be effective against races from the Ug99 race group, but both susceptible and partial resistant reactions have been reported in previous studies. To clarify this conflicting information we screened four monogenic lines with Sr21 and four susceptible controls with 16 Pgt isolates including five isolates of the Ug99 race group under three different temperatures and three different photoperiods. We observed that, temperature influences the interaction between monogenic lines with Sr21 and Ug99 race group isolates, and may be one source of previous inconsistencies. This result indicates that, although Sr21 confers partial resistance against Ug99, its effectiveness can be modulated by environmental conditions and should not be deployed alone. Using two large diploid wheat mapping populations (total 3,788 F2 plants) we mapped Sr21 approximately 50 cM from the centromere on the long arm of chromosome 2Am within a 0.20 cM interval flanked by sequence based markers FD527726 and EX594406. The closely linked markers identified in this study will be useful to reduce the T. monococcum segments introgressed into common wheat, accelerate Sr21 deployment in wheat breeding programs, and facilitate the map based cloning of this gene.
El poder de visualizar: La "phantasia" segun Aristoteles
Year: 2018

phantasia por "imaginacion" induce a un peligroso anacronismo: interpretar el concepto griego a partir de un marco moderno, post kantiano, que la considera una facultad subjetiva que mediaria entre la sensibilidad y el entendimiento. El analisis textual de las fuentes aristotelicas muestra que la phantasia no puede identificarse con una facultad separada, y designa mas bien un poder transversal comun a los actos del alma. El articulo defiende que phantasia se traduciria mas adecuadamente por "visualizacion" EnglishWhen translating phantasia as 'imagination' one commits a dangerous anachronism: interpreting the Greek concept from the vantage point of a modern, post Kantian framework which sees imagination as a faculty mediating between sensibility and reasoning. A close reading of the Aristotelian sources shows why phantasia cannot be identified as a distinct faculty, but rather designates a transversal power common to all psychic acts. The article argues that a more adequate translation of phantasia would be 'visualization'