nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin, insulin like growth factor I, and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Venue: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Year: 2009

The positive association between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer has been attributed, in part, to the fact that estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer, is synthesized in adipose tissue. Obesity is also associated with high levels of insulin, a known mitogen. However, no prospective studies have directly assessed associations between circulating levels of insulin and/or insulin like growth factor (IGF) I, a related hormone, and the risk of breast cancer independent of estrogen level.  We conducted a case cohort study of incident breast cancer among nondiabetic women who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI OS) a prospective cohort of 93,676 postmenopausal women. Fasting serum samples obtained at study entry from 835 incident breast cancer case subjects and from a subcohort of 816 randomly chosen WHI OS subjects were tested for levels of insulin, glucose, total IGF I, free IGF I, insulin like growth factor binding protein 3, and estradiol. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between levels of the serologic factors and baseline characteristics (including body mass index [BMI] and the risk of breast cancer. All statistical tests were two sided.  Insulin levels were positively associated with the risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] for highest vs lowest quartile of insulin level 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00 to 2.13, P(trend) .02) however, the association with insulin level varied by hormone therapy (HT) use (P(interaction) .01) In a model that controlled for multiple breast cancer risk factors including estradiol, insulin level was associated with breast cancer only among nonusers of HT (HR for highest vs lowest quartile of insulin level 2.40, 95% CI 1.30 to 4.41, P(trend) .001) Obesity (BMI >or=30 kg/m(2) was also associated with the risk of breast cancer among nonusers of HT (HR for BMI >or=30 kg/m(2) vs 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2) 2.12, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.58, P(trend) .003) however, this association was attenuated by adjustment for insulin (P(trend) .40)  These data suggest that hyperinsulinemia is an independent risk factor for breast cancer and may have a substantial role in explaining the obesity breast cancer relationship.
Natural History and Active Surveillance
Year: 2017

The last three decades have seen an increase in the detection of all stages of renal cancers due to widespread imaging. However, the largest increase is seen in cancers less than 4 cm. Surgery, either radical or partial nephrectomy, has been the mainstay of treatment of a small renal mass (SRM) defined as a usually incidentally discovered renal mass <4 cm in diameter which enhances on contrast imaging. There is morbidity associated with this standard of care. However, there has been a change in the management paradigm as a result of observations made on the natural history of SRMs. It is now known that 20 30 are not cancer and histologically benign. This has been demonstrated with surgical series and with data from renal tumour biopsies which have been increasingly performed in the last decade. Even in SRMs proven to be renal cell carcinomas (SRMRCC) the vast majority are low grade and grow slowly. Metastatic progression also appears to be a rare and late event. Initial active surveillance (AS) has therefore emerged as an attractive management option in patients with small renal cancers, especially in elderly patients or those unfit for surgery. Our chapter presents the natural history of the SRMRCC, the current data with renal tumour biopsy and the experience with active surveillance including criteria, suggested protocols and triggers for treatment, and future directions in the changing landscape of renal cancer.
Fast moving horizon estimation using multi level iterations for microgrid control
Venue: Autom.
Year: 2020

Accurate state estimation is a vital prerequisite for fast feedback control methods such as Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) For efficient process control, it is of great importance that the estimation process is carried out as fast as possible to provide the feedback mechanism with fresh information and enable fast reactions in case of any disturbances. We discuss how Multi Level Iterations (MLI) known from NMPC, can be applied to the Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) method for estimating the states and parameters of a system described by a Differential Algebraic Equation model. A challenging field of application for the proposed MLI MHE method are electric microgrids. These push current control approaches to their limits due to the rising penetration of volatile renewable energy sources and the fast electrical system dynamics. We investigate the closed loop control performance of the proposed MLI MHE algorithm in combination with an NMPC controller for a realistic sized microgrid as a numerical example.
Learning Human Activities through Wi Fi Channel State Information with Multiple Access Points
Venue: IEEE Communications Magazine
Year: 2018

Wi Fi channel state information (CSI) provides adequate information for recognizing and analyzing human activities. Because of the short distance and low transmit power of Wi Fi communications, people usually deploy multiple access points (APs) in a small area. Traditional Wi Fi CSI based human activity recognition methods adopt Wi Fi CSI from a single AP, which is not very appropriate for a high density Wi Fi environment. In this article, we propose a learning method that analyzes the CSI of multiple APs in a small area to detect and recognize human activities. We introduce a deep learning model to process complex and large CSI from multiple APs. From extensive experiment results, our method performs better than other solutions in a given environment where multiple Wi Fi APs exist.
The Influence of Rehabilitative and Punishment Ideology on Correctional Officers' Perceptions of Informal Bases of Power
Venue: International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology
Year: 2016

Maintaining order is a key goal for prison managers. Much of the research on order maintenance focuses, however, on disruptions of order, even when order is more common. Examining factors related to perceptions on how officers get inmates to comply is, therefore, an important consideration. Using a survey of correctional officers from a Mid Atlantic state, this study considers three dimensions of French and Raven's theory on the bases of power. The focus is to examine correctional orientation and compliance regarding three dimensions of power that rely on informal control and relationships. The results indicate that officers' belief in rehabilitative ideals is consistently related to the dimensions of legitimate, referent, and expert control. Other individual and organizational factors are also related to dimensions of power. Implications for policies and for future research are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Long Chain Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (F POSS)
Year: 2010

To be super resistant to wetting, surfaces generally require both nano and micro scale roughness, as well as low surface energy. Based on calculations, to have a smooth superoleophobic surface would require a surface energy lower than any known material. Increasing the length of the fluorinated chains may lead to molecules with even lower solid surface energies and therefore even better hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. We present the synthesis of the longest chain fluorinated POSS molecules reported: fluorododecylPOSS (FDD) The synthesis is performed via the base catalyzed, one step condensation of the corresponding trialkoxysilane.
Estudio Comparativo de la Productividad entre los Frameworks de Persistencia en Java Hibernate y MYBATIS, Aplicando al Sistema de Evaluacion Docente del IPEC.
Year: 2016

El estudio comparativo de los frameworks Hibernate y Mybatis se llevo acabo con la finalidad de seleccionar el mas adecuado y eficiente que nos permita desarrollar rapidamente un sistema de Evaluaciones para que pueda ser implementado en Instituto de Postgrado y Educacion Continua de Chimborazo. Al evaluarse los diferentes frameworks mediante diferentes parametros a base de experimentacion e investigacion directa al tener los datos y tabularlos a estos resultados se aplico chi cuadrado para la demostracion de la hipotesis, rechazando asi la hipotesis nula y aceptando la de la investigacion. Luego de aplicar el estudio comparativo se obtuvo que Hibernate alcanzo 62,39% y Mybatis 37,61% por lo que se selecciono el framework Hibernate por las ventajas que este presta, en cuanto a la disponibilidad de documentacion, calidad, robustez, aprendizaje, facilidad para el desarrollo y la cantidad de componentes de usuario que pone a disposicion de los desarrolladores. El prototipo e implanto el Sistema de Evaluacion al Docente IPEC, mismo que muestras que muestra algunas de las caracteristicas y funcionalidades del framework Hibernate, siguiendo la metodologia Microsoft Solution Framework.Se recomienda el uso del framework a los desarrolladores para aplicaciones similares de media complejidad.
Heavy metals in contaminated environment: Destiny of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, oxidative status and phytoextraction in medicinal plants.
Venue: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Year: 2017

Contamination of soils, water and air with toxic heavy metals by various human activities is a crucial environmental problem in both developing and developed countries. Heavy metals could be introduced into medicinal plant products through contaminated environment (soil, water and air resources) and/or poor production practices. Growing of medicinal plants in heavy metal polluted environments may eventually affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, causing significant changes in the quantity and quality of these compounds. Certain medicinal and aromatic plants can absorb and accumulate metal contaminants in the harvestable foliage and, therefore, considered to be a feasible alternative for remediation of polluted sites without any contamination of essential oils. Plants use different strategies and complex arrays of enzymatic and non enzymatic anti oxidative defense systems to cope with overproduction of ROS causes from the heavy metals entered their cells through foliar and/or root systems. This review summarizes the reports of recent investigations involving heavy metal accumulation by medicinal plants and its effects on elicitation of secondary metabolites, toxicity and detoxification pathways, international standards regarding in plants and plant based products, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil medicinal plants systems.
Intimate partner violence in 46 low income and middle income countries: an appraisal of the most vulnerable groups of women using national health surveys
Venue: BMJ Global Health
Year: 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a critical public health issue that transcends social and economic boundaries and considered to be a major obstacle to the progress towards the 2030 women, children and adolescents' health goals in low income and middle income countries (LMICs) Standardised IPV measures have been increasingly incorporated into Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in LMICs. Routine reporting and disaggregated analyses at country level are essential to identify populational subgroups that are particularly vulnerable to IPV exposure.  We examined data from 46 countries with surveys carried out between 2010 and 2017 to assess the prevalence and inequalities in recent psychological, physical and sexual IPV among ever partnered women aged 15 49 years. Inequalities were assessed by disaggregating the data according to household wealth, women's age, women's empowerment level, polygyny status of the relationship and area of residence.  National levels of reported IPV varied widely across countries from less than 5% in Armenia and Comoros to more than 40% in Afghanistan. Huge inequalities within countries were also observed. Generally, richer and more empowered women reported less IPV, as well as those whose partners had no cowives. Different patterns across countries were observed according to women's age and area of residence but in most cases younger women and those living in rural areas tend to be more exposed to IPV.  The present study advances the current knowledge by providing a global panorama of the prevalence of different forms of IPV across LMICs, helping the identification of the most vulnerable groups of women and for future monitoring of leaving no one behind towards achieving the elimination of all forms of violence among women and girls.
Effect of PLGA polymer on Antimicrobial Activity and the Release Studies of Nanoparticle Hydrogel Containing Mimosa pudica Extract
Year: 2018

In the present study an attempt was made to formulate hydrogel containing Mimosa pudica extracts and was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity. The chemical consitutents was extracted by cold maceration in ethanol. Polymeric PLGA nanoparticles were formulated and incorporated into gel matrix, using HPMC K4M as base. Nanoparticulate hydrogel formulations exhibited high viscosity, neutral pH with good spreadability which is appropriate for transdermal application. In vitro drug release showed prolonged drug release from optimized formulation up to 24 h. The antimicrobial evaluation was done using cup plate method for zone of inhibition. Zone of inhibition of plant extracts was studied prior to gel formulation to compare the changes in activity after incorporation into hydrogel. Activity of plant extracts was not much affected by incorporation in hydrogel. The hydrogel showed promising antibacterial activity against other strains of S. Aureus.
Quest for Tax Education in Non Accounting Curriculum: A Malaysian Study
Year: 2013

This study aims (i) to ascertain the demand for tax education among Malaysian undergraduates from non accounting disciplines; (ii) to examine the level of tax knowledge among non accounting undergraduates; (iii) to identify the instructional methods to be used; and (iv) to determine the relevant tax topics to be covered in tax course for the non accounting curriculum. A questionnaire was given to undergraduates from non accounting disciplines in three public universities in Malaysia from the month of February to April 2011. Out of the 1,575 questionnaires distributed, 995 usable responses were received and analyzed. This survey found (i) majority of the respondents were in favor of tax education being introduced into non accounting curriculum as an elective paper; (ii) about 44.9% had little tax knowledge; (iii) the most preferred methods of teaching taxation are case studies and face to face classroom learning; and (iv) the topics that the respondents would like to learn the most are personal taxation, tax planning for individual and basic concepts of taxation. The findings provided important insight in order to reform the current education policy, to introduce tax education formally in non accounting curriculum, as tax education is the pillar that builds a tax literate society. This study could be seen as the first large scale study conducted after the implementation of self assessment tax system in Malaysia. Study on tax education from developing country like Malaysia is rare; hence, this study would fill a knowledge gap.
Two Criteria for Good Measurements In Research: Validity and Reliability
Year: 2017

Reliability and validity are the two most important and fundamental features in the evaluation of any measurement instrument or tool for a good research. The purpose of this research is to discuss the validity and reliability of measurement instruments that are used in research. Validity concerns what an instrument measures, and how well it does so. Reliability concerns the faith that one can have in the data obtained from the use of an instrument, that is, the degree to which any measuring tool controls for random error. An attempt has been taken here to review the reliability and validity, and threat to them in some details.
How Employees' Perceptions of CSR Increase Employee Creativity: Mediating Mechanisms of Compassion at Work and Intrinsic Motivation
Year: 2018

This study aims to examine how service employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect their creativity at work and its mediated link through compassion at work and their intrinsic motivation. Working with a sample of 250 hotel employees in South Korea, structural equation modeling is employed to test research hypotheses. The results of this research suggest that employees' perceptions of CSR are positively related to employee creativity. Second, compassion at work mediated the positive relationship between employees' perceptions of CSR and creativity. Third, employees' intrinsic motivation also mediated the positive relationship between employees' perceptions of CSR and employee creativity. Finally, the relationship between employees' perceptions of CSR and employee creativity is sequentially and fully mediated by compassion at work and their intrinsic motivation. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results and limitations of the study are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.
Courting and Containing the Arab Street: Arab Public Opinion, the Middle East and U.S. Public Diplomacy
Year: 2008

IN THE AFTERMATH OF SEPTEMBER 11, the Arab street became a subject of renewed interest and increased relevance. With the rise and virulence of anti Americanism in the Arab and Muslim world threatening to undermine the foreign policy of the United States in a region that is vital to its interests, namely the Middle East, American foreign policy makers have sought a better understanding of the nature and dynamics of Arab public opinion. Similarly, within Arab official circles, the challenges associated with an increasingly pronounced Arab public opinion traditionally a sensitive and elusive subject has been unsettling. A street that could flare out of control is a destabilizing force. A street which exerts undesired pressures could be a liability. At the same time, a street that could be moved at will and used as a convenient instrument of realpolitik is a double edged sword. This dual notion of the Arab street as both irrelevant and dangerous points to an amorphous socio political entity of cultural complexity that conveniently keeps it mired in an unsettling ambiguity. Invoking key moments in contemporary Arab and Middle Eastern history while focusing on more recent events, this paper delves into the complexity of Arab public opinion by exploring how it is perceived. It also looks at three prevailing understandings of the political relevance of the Arab street: (1) The tendency to celebrate it as omnipotent and liberating; (2) The tendency to view it as submissive and therefore largely ineffective; and (3) The tendency to dismiss it altogether as mythical. A discussion of the sociopolitical underpinning of these three views will help eschew a reductive categorization of Arab public opinion, point out its dynamics and highlight its
Predicting the mesiodistal width of unerupted canine and premolars by using width of the permanent mandibular incisors and first molar in the Himachal population
Venue: Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Year: 2016

The determination of tooth size to arch length discrepancy in mixed dentition requires an accurate prediction of mesiodistal width of unerupted permanent teeth. Presently available methods use only the mesiodistal width of mandibular incisors. Melgaco (2007) introduced a new method of estimating width of unerupted canine and premolars by using mesiodistal width of incisors and first permanent molar.  The aim of this study is to determine linear regression equation for estimating the widths of mandibular permanent canines and premolars using mesiodistal width of mandibular incisors and first molars in the Himachal population.  Dental casts of 250 subjects were selected from the Himachal population who had fully erupted mandibular permanent incisors, canine, premolar, and first molar. Actual mesiodistal width of all fully erupted teeth were measured with digital vernier caliper and the values obtained were subjected to statistical and regression analysis.  High values of correlation (0.957) were found while considering Melgaco's method.  From this study, it can be evaluated that Melgaco's method gives better prediction of unerupted permanent canines and premolars, and the equation Y 13.48 0.614X can be suggested for the present population.
Evolucion e incidencia, en WOS, de la diversidad en el ambito educativo
Year: 2020

RESUMEN La diversidad en el ambito educativo abarca una gran cantidad de acepciones, tales como la diversidad cultural, linguistica, de identidad sexual, de genero y de capacidad educativa, entre otros aspectos. La finalidad de este estudio es analizar el desarrollo de las investigaciones sobre la diversidad en el ambito educativo, teniendo en cuenta la produccion cientifica en la base de datos de Web of Science (WoS) en el periodo comprendido entre 2009 y 2019, ambos inclusive. Para ello se ha desarrollado un estudio bibliometrico haciendo uso de tecnicas de rastreo, cuantificacion documental y mapeo analitico. Se han analizado un total de 25958 documentos extraidos de la busqueda, realizada en Web of Science mediante las siguientes combinaciones de palabras: diversity AND education diversity AND inclusion y diversity AND intervention Los resultados muestran el auge de la tematica de estudio en la comunidad educativa, en la que los articulos escritos en ingles son los principales medios utilizados para comunicar las investigaciones, siendo Estados Unidos el pais que mas repercusion tiene actualmente. Se puede concluir que la tematica "diversidad" se centra en aspectos relacionados con la equidad, la justicia social, los estudiantes, la identidad, la inclusion, la educacion, el multiculturalismo y el genero, aunque tambien esta cogiendo fuerza estudios relacionados con las actitudes, las mujeres y la desnutricion, siendo cada vez mas relevantes y abundantes dichas investigaciones sobre esta tematica.  Diversity in education encompasses a wide range of meanings, such as cultural diversity, linguistic diversity, sexual identity, gender diversity and educational capacity, among others. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of research on diversity in the educational field, taking into account the scientific production in the Web of Science (WoS) database, in the period from 2009 to 2019, both inclusive. To this end, a bibliometric study has been developed using tracking techniques, documentary quantification and analytical mapping. A total of 25958 documents extracted from the Web of Science search were analysed using the following word combinations: diversity AND education, diversity AND inclusion and diversity AND intervention. The results show the rise of the study topic in the educational community, in which articles written in English are the main means used to communicate the research, being the United States the country that has more repercussion at the moment. It can be concluded that the theme of diversity focuses on aspects related to equity, social justice, students, identity, inclusion, education, multiculturalism and gender, although studies related to attitudes, women and malnutrition are also gaining strength, with such research being increasingly relevant and abundant on this subject.