nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge directional 2D LMS filter for infrared small target detection
Year: 2012

In this paper, we introduce an edge directional 2D least mean squares (LMSs) filter for small target detection in infrared (IR) images. Generally, the 2D LMS filter functions as a background prediction to apply to IR small target detection field. In order to accurately predict background objects as well as regions covered by small targets, the proposed 2D LMS filter take full advantage of edge information of prediction pixels corresponding to surrounding blocks around current filter window. And, to adjust adaptively its step size in the background and small target region, the adaptive region dependent nonlinear step size is calculated by using the variance of the prediction pixels of the surrounding blocks. This prediction structure and adaptive step size of the proposed 2D LMS filter is applied to the background region including objects such as cloud edge and small target region differently. Through this way, the proposed 2D LMS filter predicts the background excluding small targets. Then, by subtracting the predicted background from the original IR image, small targets can be extracted. Experimental results show that the proposed 2D LMS filter has stronger target extraction and better background suppression ability compared to the existing 2D LMS filters.
"Sonata, What Do You Want of Me?" Teaching Rhetorical Strategies for Writing about Music
Year: 2016

This article looks at the application and modification of Gerald Graff and Kathy Birkenstein's methodology for teaching academic writing (as presented in their text They Say/ I Say: the moves that matter in academic writing to the undergraduate music history classroom. The author focuses on the first part of Graff and Birkenstein's methodology the art of successfully summarizing and quoting relevant parts of academic discourse as a springboard for one's own ideas and suggests that the basic techniques espoused by Graff and Birkenstein can be adapted for use when discussing musical texts (i.e. scores) rather than verbal texts. The author illustrates her ideas with examples from scholarly musicological discourse and shows how she uses these examples along with her modifications of Graff and Birkenstein's strategies in her own classroom to help her students understand and implement rhetorical strategies that strengthen their discourse and improve their writing skills.
Lack of Standardization in the Use of the Glasgow Coma Scale: Results of International Surveys.
Venue: Journal of neurotrauma
Year: 2016

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was introduced 40 years ago and has received world wide acceptance. The GCS rates eye, motor, and verbal responses to assess the level of consciousness. Concerns have been expressed with regard to reliability and consistency of assessments. We considered that lack of standardization in application techniques and reporting of the GCS may have contributed to these concerns, and aimed to assess current procedures in its use. Questionnaire based assessments were conducted by an online survey and during neurosurgical training courses. Overall, 616 participants were recruited, representing 48 countries and including physicians and nurses from different disciplines. Use of the GCS was reported by nearly all participants for assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury, but not for all patients with a reduced level of consciousness from other causes (78% Major differences were found regarding the type of stimulus applied when patients do not obey commands: Nail bed pressure, supraorbital pressure, trapezius or pectoralis pinch, and sternal rub were all frequently used, whereas 25% of responders reported to never use a peripheral stimulus. Strategies for reporting the GCS varied greatly, and 35% of participants limited the reporting to a summary score. Moreover, different approaches were used when one of the components could not be assessed. Overall, the surveys have identified a general lack of standardization in assessment and reporting of the GCS. The results illustrate the need for continued education to improve reliability of assessments through guidance to a standard approach.
Using emotional intelligence during conflict resolution in projects
Venue: 2019 IEEE Technology Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)
Year: 2019

This research confirms that emotionally intelligent project managers have a better ability to facilitate conflict during project implementation, which reduces the negative impact on project success. The conflict management strategies of project managers were determined as well as their level of emotional intelligence utilizing known instruments. Additionally, the project success of eight case studies that the project managers were responsible to manage, were analysed to understand the subsequent impact on overall project success the project managers had. The findings suggest that project managers with a high level of emotional intelligence prefer the conflict management strategy of compromising with this preference having a positive effect on the outcome of the project. This research provides individual project managers as well as organizations knowledge which can be used in the development of their social skills to efficiently deal with conflict in the project environment.
An active set algorithmic framework for non convex optimization problems over the simplex
Venue: Comput. Optim. Appl.
Year: 2020

In this paper, we describe a new active set algorithmic framework for minimizing a non convex function over the unit simplex. At each iteration, the method makes use of a rule for identifying active variables (i.e. variables that are zero at a stationary point) and specific directions (that we name active set gradient related directions) satisfying a new "nonorthogonality" type of condition. We prove global convergence to stationary points when using an Armijo line search in the given framework. We further describe three different examples of active set gradient related directions that guarantee linear convergence rate (under suitable assumptions) Finally, we report numerical experiments showing the effectiveness of the approach.
Managing Water Quality in Premise Plumbing: Subject Matter Experts' Perspectives and a Systematic Review of Guidance Documents
Year: 2020

Although many guidance documents have been developed to inform the design and operation of building water systems to ensure safe water quality, there is a lack of consensus on some topics. This study interviewed 22 subject matter experts (SMEs) to identify topics of concern for managing water quality in buildings and compared SME views with information available on these topics in 15 systematically screened important guidance documents. The study found 18 design and 11 operational topics as critical for managing water quality in buildings. No one guidance document addressed all these topics, suggesting that a compendium of available guidance is needed. SMEs most frequently recommended temperature and residual disinfectant measurements as good parameters for monitoring overall building water quality. Both SME and guidance document recommendations for temperature for controlling opportunistic pathogen growth were reasonably consistent with water heater setpoint >60 degC. However, hot water temperature recommendations varied between 50 and 55 degC for other locations (i.e. the water temperature at the tap or end of the return loop) On the contrary, recommendations for disinfectant residual levels (0.2 2.0 mg/L) flushing frequency (1 14 days) and allowable time for hot water to reach the tap (10 60 s) were not consistent. While this study was able to reconcile diverging views on some of the water quality topics, such as identifying common guidance for water heater set point to at least 60 degC, it also highlights lack of definitive guidance on other critical topics, such as residual level, flushing frequency, hot water time to tap, and the use of thermostatic mixing valves, indicating that these are significant knowledge gaps that need further investigation. The study concludes that there is a need for developing evidence based guidance, particularly on the topics where expert opinions diverged.
Importance Sampling of Many Lights on the GPU
Year: 2019

The introduction of standardized APIs for ray tracing, together with hardware acceleration, opens up possibilities for physically based lighting in real time rendering. Light importance sampling is one of the fundamental operations in light transport simulations, applicable to both direct and indirect illumination. This chapter describes a bounding volume hierarchy data structure and associated sampling methods to accelerate importance sampling of local light sources. The work is based on recently published methods for light sampling in production rendering, but it is evaluated in a real time implementation using Microsoft DirectX Raytracing.
Performance Limits and Practical Decoding of Interleaved Reed Solomon Polar Concatenated Codes
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Communications
Year: 2014

A scheme for concatenating the recently invented polar codes with non binary MDS codes, as Reed Solomon codes, is considered. By concatenating binary polar codes with interleaved Reed Solomon codes, we prove that the proposed concatenation scheme captures the capacity achieving property of polar codes, while having a significantly better error decay rate. We show that for any e 0, and total frame length N, the parameters of the scheme can be set such that the frame error probability is less than 2 N1 e, while the scheme is still capacity achieving. This improves upon 2 N0.5 e, the frame error probability of Arikan's polar codes. The proposed concatenated polar codes and Arikan's polar codes are also compared for transmission over channels with erasure bursts. We provide a sufficient condition on the length of erasure burst which guarantees failure of the polar decoder. On the other hand, it is shown that the parameters of the concatenated polar code can be set in such a way that the capacity achieving properties of polar codes are preserved. We also propose decoding algorithms for concatenated polar codes, which significantly improve the error rate performance at finite block lengths while preserving the low decoding complexity.
Reconstruction after wide excision of primary cutaneous melanomas: part I the head and neck.
Venue: The Lancet. Oncology
Year: 2009

The mainstay of management of primary cutaneous melanoma is wide surgical excision, but occassionally a balance is needed between adequately resecting a potentially curable lesion and minimising the functional deficit or cosmetic deformity in the affected area, particularly in the head and neck region. The reconstructive surgeon must have wide knowledge of reconstructive techniques, including the advantages and limitations, and a comprehensive understanding of the local and regional anatomy if the goals of surgery are to be achieved. In part I of this series, we review current literature and available evidence on reconstruction after wide excision of primary cutaneous melanoma in the head and neck region.
Development of the Smartphone Addiction Risk Rating Score for a Smartphone Addiction Management Application
Venue: Frontiers in Public Health
Year: 2020

Smartphone usage characteristics are useful for identification of the risk factors for smartphone addiction. Risk rating scores can be developed based on smartphone usage characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the smartphone addiction risk rating (SARR) score using smartphone usage characteristics. We evaluated 593 smartphone users using online surveys conducted between January 2 and January 31, 2019. We identified 102 smartphone users who were addicted to smartphones and 491 normal users based on the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale for Adults. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant risk factors for smartphone addiction. The SARR score was calculated using a nomogram based on the significant risk factors. Weekend average usage time, habitual smartphone behavior, addictive smartphone behavior, social usage, and process usage were the significant risk factors associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, we developed the SARR score based on these factors. The SARR score ranged between 0 and 221 points, with the cut off being 116.5 points. We developed a smartphone addiction management application using the SARR score. The SARR score provided insights for the development of monitoring, prevention, and prompt intervention services for smartphone addiction.
Theory versus practice in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Year: 2014

Could the theory of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) be ahead of its time and decoupled from its practice? This paper evolved in search for this leading research question. Over the years the discourse on SEA experienced a gradual shift from the technocratic and rationalist thinking that supported its origin to more strategic approaches and integrated concepts, suggested since the mid 1990's. In this paper we share the results of our analysis of international thinking and practical experience with SEA. Results reveal that SEA practice changes very slowly when compared to advanced thinking supporting the noted shift. Current SEA practice shows to be still predominantly rooted in the logic of projects' environmental impact assessment (EIA) It is strongly bound to legal and regulatory requirements, and the motivation for its application persists being the delivery of environmental (or final) reports to meet legal obligations. Even though advanced SEA theoretical thinking claim its potential to help decisions to look forward, change mind sets and the rationale of decision making to meet sustainability challenges and enhance societal values, we note a weak relationship between the theoretical development of SEA and its practice. Why is this happening? Which factors explain this apparent inertia, resistance to change, in the SEA practice? Results appear to demonstrate the influence of assumptions, understandings, concepts, and beliefs in the use of SEA, which in turn suggest the political sensitivity of the instrument.
Combination of Non Surgical Endodontic and Vital Pulp Therapy for Management of Mature Permanent Mandibular Molar Teeth with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis.
Venue: Journal of endodontics
Year: 2020

This prospective study evaluated the outcome of a combination of non surgical endodontic (NSET) and vital pulp therapy (VPT) for the management of mature permanent mandibular molar tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and apical periodontitis (AP) METHOD Institutional ethical clearance was obtained. Mandibular molar teeth (n= 60) with a definitive diagnosis of SIP and AP with a radiographic periapical index score (PAI) of =3 in either one of the roots (mesial or distal) were included. Block randomization was used for allocation. In the NSET group (n=30) single visit NSET was performed using a standardized operating protocol. In NSET VPT group (n=30) subsequent to full pulpotomy, the root orifice where a vital pulp was observed (as determined by the arrest of pulpal bleed on application of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite pressure pack) an MTA radicular barrier was placed, and it was covered with light cured RMGIC. NSET was performed in the root exhibiting PAI score =3. The tooth was permanently restored. Postoperative pain was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Teeth were followed up clinically and radiographically at 12 months. Presence/absence of symptoms and change in PAI scores were noted. The data was statistically analyzed.  The success rate was 90% in the NSET group and 93.3% in the NSET VPT group. On an inter group comparison between the proportion of teeth healed and non healed (radiographic) there was no significant difference (p>0.05) CONCLUSION The combination of NSET and VPT is a viable biologically based minimally invasive treatment option for multi rooted mandibular teeth with SIP and AP.
Educating customer relationship management (CRM) specialists through a competency based training (e CBT) model with technology based learning for business education: Competency indicator development
Year: 2012

From the perspective of technology based education, the purpose of this study was to adopt the procedures of the competency based training (e CBT) model, and to plan and design the necessary competency indicators for customer relationship management (CRM) techniques for newly developed industries. In addition, a course framework and schema were developed, and four teaching strategies for the CRM course were proposed. Using the e CBT model's five analytical steps as their guidelines, the authors adopted a literature review and in depth interviews to collect information from documents and experts. The Fuzzy Delphi technique was used to establish competency indicators for CRM specialists and, through this method, a consensus about the competency indicators for CRM specialists was established in five dimensions: cognition of CRM, effectiveness of CRM, skills for interactive CRM, skills for operational CRM and skills for analytic CRM. Based on these five dimensions, this study developed 36 professional competency indicators and a course framework for a customer interactive system, customer relationship planning, and customer information management, as well as the establishment of course schema. These 36 items can be utilized for the future development of e learning modules for lecturing, the establishment of virtual learning platforms and modules for assessments of online practice, and become critical reference materials in terms of the design and practice of the issuing system for CRM certificates.  Customer relationship management (CRM) competency indicator, e learning, technology based learning/teaching, competency based training (e CBT) model.
TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS AND ITS LEARNING STRATEGY
Year: 2018

Higher order thinking skill (HOTS) is one of the students' abilities that should be developed through teaching and learning. Teachers' knowledge about HOTS and its teaching and learning tactics is a key to successful education. The purpose of this research is to describe teachers' knowledge about higher order thinking skills (HOTS) The research involves qualitative study with the phenomenological approach. The research participants are 27 mathematics teachers from state and private junior high schools across 7 provinces in Indonesia. The researcher collected data with a test followed by focus group discussion (FGD) and interviews. The analysis of data involved Bogdan Biklen model and descriptive statistics for data from the test. The analysis of FGD, and test data intends to get information on 6 sub themes; teachers' knowledge about HOTS, importance of HOTS, teaching about HOTS to students, improving students' HOTS, measuring and assessing HOTS, and teachers' ability for solving HOTS based problems. The results indicate that teachers' knowledge about HOTS, their ability to improve students' HOTS, solve HOTS based problems, and measure students' HOTS is still low. There are facts, however, that teachers already understand the importance of HOTS and teaching it by using various innovative learning models.
An exploratory study of smart contracts in the Ethereum blockchain platform
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering
Year: 2020

Ethereum is a blockchain platform that supports smart contracts. Smart contracts are pieces of code that perform general purpose computations. For instance, smart contracts have been used to implement crowdfunding initiatives that raised a total of US$6.2 billion from January to June of 2018. In this paper, we conduct an exploratory study of smart contracts. Differently from prior studies that focused on particular aspects of a subset of smart contracts, our goal is to have a broader understanding of all contracts that are currently deployed in Ethereum. In particular, we elucidate how frequently used the contracts are (activity level) what they do (category) and how complex they are (source code complexity) To conduct this study, we mined and cross linked data from four sources: Ethereum dataset on the Google BigQuery platform, Etherscan, State of the DApps, and CoinMarketCap. Our study period runs from July 2015 (inception of Ethereum) until September 2018. With regards to activity level, we notice that it is concentrated on a very small subset of the contracts. More specifically, only 0.05% of the smart contracts are the target of 80% of the transactions that are sent to contracts. New solutions to cope with Ethereum's limited scalability should take such an activity imbalance into consideration. With regards to categories, we highlight that the new and widely advertised rich programming model of smart contracts is currently being used to develop very simple applications that tend to be token centric (e.g. ICOs, Crowdsales, etc) Finally, with regards to code complexity, we observe that the source code of high activity verified contracts is small, with at most 211 instructions in 80% of the cases. These contracts also commonly include at least two subcontracts and libraries in their source code. The comment ratio of these contracts is also significantly higher than that of GitHub top starred projects written in Java, C and C Hence, the source code of high activity verified smart contracts exhibit particular complexity characteristics compared to other popular programming languages. Further studies are necessary to uncover the actual reasons behind such differences. Finally, based on our findings, we propose an open research agenda to drive and foster future studies in the area.
Text Classification and Analysis with Social Media Platform
Year: 2020

Text Classification, Text Mining and Sentiment Analysis have received huge attention, especially because of the availability of large volume of textual data on social media, e commerce websites, blogs and other similar sources. This data is usually unstructured that becomes complex and expensive to extract knowledge from them to make some intelligent decisions. There is a growing need for developing different methodologies and models for efficiently processing the texts and extracting useful information from it. Text analysis, also known as opinion mining, is the process of quantifying the emotional value in a series of words or text, to gain an understanding of the attitudes, opinions and emotions expressed about particular object. One way to extract information is text classification and its analysis that helps in decision making in various field of our lives. One of such a growing field is Social Media. Now a days people are so much active to obtain and share different types of information updates through social media on a 24/7 basis. Many research areas have tried to extract valuable insights from these large volumes of user generated content. This paper performs the study and analysis of Social Media post by using different technique of text analysis and opinion mining along with sentiment analysis. This study will help to identify different techniques, and chose the most suitable one that helps to identify the most efficient to analyses the Social Media post. IndexTerms: Decision Making, Natural Language Processing (NLP) Social Networking, Social Media, Text classification, Text Analysis, Unstructured Data.
The Friction of Vehicle Brake Tandem Master Cylinder
Year: 2006

The behaviour of an elastomeric seal for vehicle brake Tandem master cylinder is measured and analyzed in temperature and brake fluids changed. Working conditions are simulated for different piston rod velocity and cylinder supply pressure, in temperature rising, brakefluid boundary and Nanoaluminum oxide brakefluid oxide brakefluid lubrication. The result shows that Nanoaluminum oxide brakefluid with its ball shape can highly reduce friction coefficient to avoid seal excessive wear and reduce slick slip in brake applications.