nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Institutionalization of communication management A theoretical framework
Year: 2015

Development and expansion of the communication management function in organizations has recently been discussed in relation to the concept of institutionalization. Empirical evidence has illustrated that the role of communication executives and communication managers varies between organizations, and could also be subjected to change within an organization. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize institutionalization of communication management as a process. It aims to develop a theoretical framework that integrates important factors that influence and regulate this process.  A literature review resulted in a number of factors potentially influencing the institutionalization process. These factors were attributed to three main theoretical areas and four different levels of analysis, using institutional theory as a guiding framework. The theoretical areas and analysis levels, were proposed to be mutually interdependent, and were compiled in a theoretical framework, illustrated in a model.  The theoretical framework includes three main areas: organizational structure, social capital, and perceptions of the profession; and four levels of analysis: the societal, the organizational field, the organizational and the individual levels.  This paper contributes to the study of institutionalization of communication management in organizations by providing a theoretical framework, which can be used to further investigate the development of the communication function and the role of communication executives and communication managers in organizations. By conceptualizing institutionalization of communication management as a process, and exploring and defining the important elements that influence and regulate this process, an important theoretical contribution to the field is made.
The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018

Our study reported significant findings of a "social genome" that can be quantified and studied to understand human health and behavior. In a national sample of more than 5,000 American adolescents, we found evidence of social forces that act to make friends and schoolmates more genetically similar to one another compared with random pairs of unrelated individuals. This subtle genetic similarity was observed across the entire genome and at sets of genomic locations linked with specific traits educational attainment and body mass index a phenomenon we term "social genetic correlation." We also find evidence of a "social genetic effect" such that the genetics of a person's friends and schoolmates influenced their own education, even after accounting for the person's own genetics. Humans tend to form social relationships with others who resemble them. Whether this sorting of like with like arises from historical patterns of migration, meso level social structures in modern society, or individual level selection of similar peers remains unsettled. Recent research has evaluated the possibility that unobserved genotypes may play an important role in the creation of homophilous relationships. We extend this work by using data from 5,500 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine genetic similarities among pairs of friends. Although there is some evidence that friends have correlated genotypes, both at the whole genome level as well as at trait associated loci (via polygenic scores) further analysis suggests that meso level forces, such as school assignment, are a principal source of genetic similarity between friends. We also observe apparent social genetic effects in which polygenic scores of an individual's friends and schoolmates predict the individual's own educational attainment. In contrast, an individual's height is unassociated with the height genetics of peers.
The effect of femoral component design on patellar tracking in total knee arthroplasty: Genesis II prosthesis versus Vanguard prosthesis
Venue: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
Year: 2014

Genesis II knee system incorporates 3deg of external rotation into the femoral component and the femoral component is implanted in neutral rotation to the femur. The purpose of this study was to compare patellar tracking of the Genesis II knee system with that of the Vanguard knee system, in which the femoral component is routinely implanted in a 3deg externally rotated position to the posterior condylar axis (PCA) of the femur.Materials and methodsOne hundred consecutive knees scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were enrolled. Fifty knees underwent TKA with the posterior stabilized (PS) Genesis II prosthesis and 50 knees underwent TKA with the PS Vanguard prosthesis. Rotation of the femoral component was calculated by measuring the acute angle between the transepicondylar axis (TEA) and the PCA on axial computed tomography (CT) images. The postoperative patellar tilt and displacement were compared between groups. The range of motion and Knee Society scores were also compared.ResultsForty eight knees in each group were followed up for 2 years. There was no difference in the angle between the PCA and the TEA on postoperative CT scans between the two designs. There was also no difference in patellar tracking between groups. Both the Genesis II and Vanguard knee systems showed good clinical results at 2 years postoperatively.ConclusionThe patellar tracking of the Genesis II prosthesis was comparable to that of the Vanguard prosthesis.
Seeing like a market
Year: 2016

Socio Economic Review, 2017,  Fourcade 1, and Kieran Healy 2, University of California, Berkeley and 2 Duke University *Correspondence: fourcade@berkeley.edu; kjhealy@soc.duke.edu Abstract What do markets see when they look at people? Information dragnets increasingly yield huge quantities of individual level data, which are analyzed to sort and slot people into categories of taste, riskiness or worth. These tools deepen the reach of the market and define new strategies of profit making. We present a new theoretical framework for understanding their development. We argue that (a) modern organ izations follow an institutional data imperative to collect as much data as possible; (b) as a result of the analysis and use of this data, individuals accrue a form of capital flowing from their positions as measured by various digital scoring and ranking methods; and (c) the facticity of these scoring methods makes them organizational devices with potentially stratifying effects. They offer firms new opportunities to structure and price offerings to consumers. For individuals, they create classification situations that identify shared life chances in product and service markets. We dis cuss the implications of these processes and argue that they tend toward a new economy of moral judgment, where outcomes are experienced as morally deserved positions based on prior good actions and good tastes, as measured and classified by this new infrastructure of data collection and analysis.  classification, big data, technology, markets, institutions, morality JEL classification: A13, O33 Across institutional domains, tracking and measurement is expanding and becoming ever more fine grained (Limn, 2012; Gillespie et al. 2014; Pasquale, 2015) We see it in everyday consumption, in housing and credit markets, in health, employment, education (Cottom, 2016) social relations, including intimate ones (Levy, 2015) legal services, and even into political life (Ziewitz, 2016) and the private sphere (Neff and Nafus, 2016) Sociologists studying the state, technology and the market have sought to describe and understand these trends in different ways. This article proposes a framework to analytically unify their con cerns, and to grasp the implications of contemporary technological developments for proc esses of inequality and stratification.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer in men with large prostates =50 cm3)
Venue: Radiation oncology
Year: 2014

BackgroundPatients with large prostate volumes have been shown to have higher rates of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities after conventional radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) which delivers fewer high dose fractions of radiation treatment, is unknown for large prostate volume prostate cancer patients. We report our early experience using SBRT for localized prostate cancer in patients with large prostate volumes.Methods57 patients with prostate volumes =50 cm3 prior to treatment with SBRT for localized prostate carcinoma and with a minimum follow up of two years were included in this retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Treatment was delivered using Cyberknife (Accuray) with doses of 35 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. Biochemical control was assessed using the Phoenix definition. Toxicities were scored using the CTCAE v.4. Quality of life was assessed using the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Score and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) 26.Results57 patients (23 low 25 intermediate and 9 high risk according to the D'Amico classification) at a median age of 69 years (range, 54 83 years) received SBRT with a median follow up of 2.9 years. The median prostate size was 62.9 cm3 (range 50 138.7 cm3) 33.3% of patients received ADT. The median pre treatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 6.5 ng/ml and decreased to a median PSA of 0.4 ng/ml by 2 years (p <0.0001) A mean baseline AUA symptom score of 7.5 significantly increased to 13 at 1 month (p 0.001) and returned to baseline by 3 months (p 0.21) 23% of patients experienced a late transient urinary symptom flare in the first two years following treatment. Mean baseline EPIC bowel scores of 95.8 decreased to 78.1 at 1 month (p <0.0001) but subsequently improved to 93.5 three months (p 0.08) The 2 year actuarial incidence rates of GU and GI toxicity grade 2 were 49.1% and 1.8% respectively. Two patients (3.5% experienced grade 3 urinary toxicity, and no patient experienced grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity.ConclusionsSBRT for clinically localized prostate cancer was well tolerated in men with large prostate volumes.
113 Dasotraline for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Binge Eating Disorder in Adults: Results From a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Venue: CNS Spectrums
Year: 2018

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder in the US, with a lifetime prevalence of 2.8% Disturbances in reward circuitry have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Dasotraline is a novel and potent dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with slow absorption and a long half life resulting in stable plasma concentrations over 24 hours with once daily dosing. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed dasotraline (4, 6, and 8 mg/day) vs placebo in adults with moderate to severe BED over a 12 week period (NCT02564588) Methods Key inclusion criteria included moderate to severe BED based on a history of =2 binge eating days/week for =6 months prior to screening, and =3 binge eating days for each of2 weeks prior to randomization, as documented in participant's binge eating diary. Patients were randomized 1:1 to flexibly dosed dasotraline (4, 6, 8 mg/day) or placebo. Theprimary endpoint was change from baseline (CFB) in the number of binge eating days per week at Week 12. Key secondary endpoints were: CFB in Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI S) Scale at Week 12; CFB in Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Binge Eating (YBOCS BE) at Week 12; and the percentage ofsubjects with a 4 week cessation from binge eating prior to Week 12 or end of treatment (EOT) Except for 4 week cessation, the other three variables were analyzed using amixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) Results 317 subjects (84% female) received =1 dose of study medication (mean age was 38.2 years; mean number of binge eating days per week, 4.25; mean CGI S score, 4.5; mean BMI, 34.7) The MMRM analysis of CFB at Week 12 in the number of binge days/week yielded a significant mean difference of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.65 to 1.33; p<0.001) infavour of dasotraline 3.74 in the dasotraline group vs 2.75 in the placebo group) All three key secondary endpoints were met at Week 12 or EOT: 46.5% of subjects in thedasotraline group achieved at least 4 consecutive weeks' cessation from binge eating vs 20.6% in the placebo group (p<0.001) CFB in CGI S and YBOCS BE scores were also statistically significant in favour of dasotraline (p<0.001) The treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) that occurred more frequently with dasotraline vs placebo at >2% incidence included: insomnia (44.6% vs 8.1% dry mouth (27.4% vs 5.0% decreased appetite (19.7% vs 6.9% anxiety (17.8% vs 2.5% nausea (12.7% vs 6.9% and decreased body weight (12.1% vs 0% Discontinuation due to AEs occurred in 11.5% of patients taking dasotraline vs 2.5% taking placebo.  In adults with moderate to severe BED, there were highly significant and clinically meaningful reductions with dasotraline vs placebo in the frequency of binge eating, global severity of illness, and obsessive compulsive symptoms related to binge eating. These results suggest dasotraline may offer a novel, well tolerated and efficacious treatmentfor BED.  Acknowledgements Study sponsored by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Analysis of the Effects of Water Management Strategies and Climate Change on the Environmental and Agricultural Sustainability of Urmia Lake Basin, Iran
Year: 2018

In arid and semi arid areas, unsustainable development of irrigated agriculture has reduced the water level of large lakes such as Aral, Urmia, Hamoon, and Bakhtegan. Urmia Lake, as a hyper saline and very shallow lake, located in the northwest of Iran, has water level reductions of about 40 cm each year over the past two decades. In this research, the indices of environmental and agricultural sustainability are evaluated using performance criteria influenced by climate change and water management strategies for the Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud River basins as the largest sub basin of Urmia Lake basin. Modeling of hydrologic behavior of these basins is performed using WEAP21 model. The model is analyzed for three future emission scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1) for the period of 2015 2040 and five water management scenarios: (1) keeping the existing situation; (2) crop pattern change; (3) improving the conveyance and distribution efficiency; (4) combining the improvement of conveyance and distribution efficiency with improving the application efficiency using modern technology; and (5) the combination of crop pattern change with the improvement of total irrigation efficiency. The results show that the highest values of indices of environmental sustainability and agricultural sustainability are related to the scenario of combining the crop pattern change with improving the total irrigation efficiency under the B1 emission scenario (B1S4)
Item analysis A tool to increase MCQ validity
Year: 2017

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are a popular assessment tool due to their high objectivity, high reliability and the ability to assess a large content in a short time span. However their validity cannot be taken for granted and needs to be ascertained by various means. Item analysis is one such process of testing MCQ validity by assigning certain numeric indices to them and comparing these with acceptable standards.  The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the use of item analysis as a tool to ascertain MCQ validity.  Sixty MCQs in ophthalmology of the single best response type were subjected to the process of item analysis and the difficulty index, discrimination index and distracter effectiveness were calculated using standard formulae. These MCQs and distracters were then classified into groups as per standard reference ranges of these parameters and the absolute number and percentage of MCQs and distracters in each group were calculated.  The percentage of MCQs that could be accepted as having desired validity based on difficulty index, discrimination index and distracter effectiveness were 50% 33% and 32% respectively while 63% of the distracters were functional (acceptable) Thus these MCQs could be used for assessment while the rest needed modification and retesting or needed to be discarded.  MCQ item analysis must be performed to filter MCQs of acceptable validity which would increase their quality as assessment tools thereby making assessment more meaningful.
KONSEP PENCIPTAAN ALAM: Studi Komparatif Normatif antar Agama Agama
Year: 2015

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan tentang berbagai pendapattentang asal usul kejadian alam. Artikel ini dimulaidari konsep penciptaan alam secara umum, kemudiankonsep konsep agama agama, seperti Islam (al Qur'an),Kristen (al Kitab) dan konsep konsep agama agamalain seperti Hindu dan Budha. Dalam sumber Islam,ketika al Quran membicarakan tentang alam semesta(universe) al Quran tidak membahasnya secara detail.Al Quran hanya membahas garis besarnya saja, karenaal Quran bukanlah kitab kosmologi atau buku bukuilmu pengetahuan umumnya yang menguraikanpenciptaan alam semesta secara sistematis (enam hari).Ajaran Kristen tentang ajaran penciptaan alam takjauh berbeda dengan Islam. Dalam Bible (al Kitab)dinyatakan bahwa penciptaan alam ini juga terjadimelalui beberapa fase. Bahasan tentang alam semesta(universe) merupakan bahasan yang kompleks penuhdengan teka teki. Sehingga akal manusia tanpa perantarapiranti agama dan studi empiris ilmu pengetahuankealaman (kosmologi) niscaya tak akan dapat sampaimengambil kesimpulan kesimpulan, atau jawabanjawaban di seputarnya. Bahkan teks teks agama punkadang dalam membahas hal ini sangatlah dangkal dantidak mencakup semua bahasan yang dikehendaki.
Comparing predicted performance of anechoic chambers to free space VSWR measurements
Venue: 2017 Antenna Measurement Techniques Association Symposium (AMTA)
Year: 2017

Indoor antenna ranges must have the walls, floor and ceiling treated with RF absorber. The normal incidence performance of the absorber is usually provided by the manufacturers of the materials; however, the bi static or off angle performance must also be known. In reference  a polynomial approximation was introduced that gave a prediction of the reflected energy from pyramidal absorber. In this paper, the approximations are used to predict the quiet zone (QZ) performance of several anechoic chambers. These predictions are compared with full wave analysis performed in CST Suite(r) A 12 m wide by 22 m long with a height of 12 m chamber was analyzed at 700 MHz. The QZ performance was compared to the polynomial predictions showing a difference of less than 2.2 dB. In addition, comparisons are made with measurements of the QZ performance of anechoic chambers. Measurements performed per the free space VSWR method of three different chambers are compared with the prediction that uses the polynomials presented in  The chambers are: a 18 m long by 11.5 m wide and 11.5 m in height operating from 100M MHz to 12 GHz; a 13.41 m by6.1 m by 6.1 m operating from 800 MHz to 6 GHz; and a 14 m long by 4.12 m by 4.27 m operating in the X band. The results show that the polynomial approximations can be used to give a reasonably accurate and safe prediction of the QZ performance of anechoic chambers.
Brown and beige fat in humans: thermogenic adipocytes that control energy and glucose homeostasis.
Venue: The Journal of clinical investigation
Year: 2015

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) a specialized fat that dissipates energy to produce heat, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. Two types of thermogenic adipocytes with distinct developmental and anatomical features exist in rodents and humans: classical brown adipocytes and beige (also referred to as brite) adipocytes. While classical brown adipocytes are located mainly in dedicated BAT depots of rodents and infants, beige adipocytes sporadically reside with white adipocytes and emerge in response to certain environmental cues, such as chronic cold exposure, a process often referred to as "browning" of white adipose tissue. Recent studies indicate the existence of beige adipocytes in adult humans, making this cell type an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity related diseases, including type 2 diabetes. This Review aims to cover recent progress in our understanding of the anatomical, developmental, and functional characteristics of brown and beige adipocytes and discuss emerging questions, with a special emphasis on adult human BAT.
The Influence of Branding Management on Business Performance: An Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Food and Beverage Industry
Year: 2016

This study examined the relationship between branding and firm's financial performance within Vietnamese small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in food and beverage industry. Analyzing data from 135 Vietnamese SMEs, the study provided an evidence for the positive relationship between branding management and business performance. The study also provided a deep insight on how Vietnamese entrepreneurs think and develop their brands; therefore, made some recommendations for businessmen, policy makers and branding service providers in Vietnam.
Density, but not distribution pattern of Assiminea latericea varies on tidal flats with smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora invasion stage
Venue: Regional Studies in Marine Science
Year: 2019

The effect of Spartina alterniflora invasion stage on density and distribution pattern of Assiminea latericea was studied in 2014 and 2015 on the coast of the Yellow Sea, Jiangsu, China. Invasion of S. alterniflora altered the environmental properties. With the increase of invasion age, the coverage and stem density of S. alterniflora and organic matter content tended to increase, whereas chlorophyll a and salinity tended to decrease. Using principal components analysis (PCA) the habitats were separated along the gradient of the invasion stage of S. alterniflora. Coverage and stem density of S. alterniflora and salinity were the most important characters for habitat differentiation because the PCA biplot illustrated that the vectors of these environmental properties involved the smaller angles with PC 1. Based on a two way ANOVA analysis, invasion stage of S. alterniflora and season significantly affected the density of A. latericea (p p 0 226) The density of A. latericea varied significantly among seasons in each habitat based on a one way ANOVA analysis, except in the bare mudflat without invasion. The highest densities occurred at the mature invasion stage in autumn, whereas the lowest densities occurred with no invasion in spring. Both Taylor's and Iwao's regressions indicated that A. latericea presented an aggregated distribution pattern (p