nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Resource Eclipse Attacks on Ethereum's Peer to Peer Network
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2018

We present eclipse attacks on Ethereum nodes that exploit the peer to peer network used for neighbor discovery. Our attacks can be launched using only two hosts, each with a single IP address. Our eclipse attacker monopolizes all of the victim's incoming and outgoing connections, thus isolating the victim from the rest of its peers in the network. The attacker can then filter the victim's view of the blockchain, or co opt the victim's computing power as part of more sophisticated attacks. We argue that these eclipse attack vulnerabilities result from Ethereum's adoption of the Kademlia peer to peer protocol, and present countermeasures that both harden the network against eclipse attacks and cause it to behave differently from the traditional Kademlia protocol. Several of our countermeasures have been incorporated in the Ethereum geth 1.8 client released on February 14, 2018.
Failure of Nokia Lessons from Losers
Year: 2020

"We didn't do anything wrong, but somehow, we lost " In 2013, this was the statement given by Nokia's then CEO, Stephen Elop, before selling them to Microsoft in a $7.1 billion deal. Nokia was once the leader of the cell phone market in the world. However, they couldn't keep up with their legacy. From 2007 2010, they faced a gradual decline in their sales. This was the time when iOS and Android were introduced in the market. Adding to the stiff competition by them, Nokia's lack of innovation also resulted in their downfall. Nokia tried to change its strategy, by collaborating their hardware with Microsoft's software. Eventually, it didn't turn in their favor. It is still mindboggling how fast Nokia fell from the top rank of the dominant phone company to being sold to Microsoft within five years. How did this happen? And more importantly, can this happen to other companies as well? Those are the questions that the researcher tried to figure out in this study.
VRTyper: Keyboard for Virtual Reality Add On
Year: 2019

Virtual Reality is often touted as the future of schools, businesses, and social gatherings. People will soon be able to use the platform to learn in a virtual classroom or conduct meetings in a virtual conference room. However, the ability to interact with the virtual environment is paramount to Virtual Reality being widely adopted across these areas. Users need to be able to do things like write and read with the same ease with which they carry out these basic tasks in the physical world. One large barrier to converting these physical spaces into virtual ones is simply one's ability to type. In a virtual conference room, you would most likely have your computer in front of you in order to take notes. How can you take notes while you're wearing a headset? Do you type on a real keyboard that is projected into the Virtual Space so that you can visualize it? Do you type freely on a keyboard that's projected anywhere onto the scene? How do we simulate a real keyboard without additional bulky hardware? Answering these questions will help to facilitate the adoption of Virtual Reality within more disciplines than just gaming, and increase the variety of situations in which it's beneficial for people to interact with each other virtually. We sought to create a simple, low cost keyboard without the lag usually associated with VR tracking.
Mudanca organizacional em uma empresa familiar brasileira
Year: 2009

This article assesses the effectiveness of management of the organizational change process and in a Brazilian family business in the healthcare sector. The business is undergoing a succession process and wants to improve its professional profile. The study consisted of a field research and a quality analysis that compared the data obtained and the concepts identified in a selected literature. Data was collected through informal interviews, analysis of the company's documents and through participant observation, from July 2005 to January 2006. This article shows if the organizational change process has succeeded or not, also considering the model proposed by John P. Kotter for the efficient implementation of changes in organizations, comparing the eight stage change process proposed by that author to what actually happened in the company. The analysis of the change process led to the conclusion that it was unsuccessful. It suggests that Kotter's model is applicable to the situation studied since it shows that several stages mentioned by the author were not followed and this fact has caused problems in the organizational change process.
A Classification Based Study of Covariate Shift in GAN Distributions
Venue: ICML
Year: 2018

A basic, and still largely unanswered, question in the context of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is whether they are truly able to capture all the fundamental characteristics of the distributions they are trained on. In particular, evaluating the diversity of GAN distributions is challenging and existing methods provide only a partial understanding of this issue. In this paper, we develop quantitative and scalable tools for assessing the diversity of GAN distributions. Specifically, we take a classification based perspective and view loss of diversity as a form of covariate shift introduced by GANs. We examine two specific forms of such shift: mode collapse and boundary distortion. In contrast to prior work, our methods need only minimal human supervision and can be readily applied to state of the art GANs on large, canonical datasets. Examining popular GANs using our tools indicates that these GANs have significant problems in reproducing the more distributional properties of their training dataset.
A longitudinal study on high risk pregnancy and its outcome among antenatal women attending rural primary health centre in Puducherry, South India
Venue: Journal of education and health promotion
Year: 2019

Almost 15% of all pregnant women can develop potentially life threatening complications. As a result, identification of high risk pregnancy at earliest stage will be useful in directing appropriate intervention. Hence, the current study was done to determine the prevalence and outcome of high risk pregnancy among antenatal women in rural Puducherry.  A record based longitudinal study was done during March 2018 among 569 antenatal women who have attended rural health center of tertiary care institute. High risk pregnancy was classified based on the guidelines from Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan and outcome assessment based on the obstetric and neonatal outcomes.  Among 569 antenatal case record reviewed, 315 (55.3% were in the age group of 20 25 years and majority (463, 81.4% belonged to below poverty line families; 410 (74.3% registered their current pregnancy within the first trimester. The prevalence of high risk pregnancy among study participants was 18.3% (95% confidence interval: 15.3% 21.7% Majority (81.9% had term delivery. Regarding obstetric and neonatal outcomes, majority had spontaneous vaginal delivery (73.9% about 10.4% gave birth to low birth weight baby, and only 1.7% had stillbirth. Parity, socioeconomic status, and unfavorable outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm, and postterm delivery were associated with high risk pregnancy.  The current study found that almost one fifth of the pregnant women in rural area have high risk pregnancy. Unfavorable obstetric and neonatal outcomes were common among high risk cases. Hence, early detection of high risk pregnancy needs to be done at primary health care level to improve the maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.
The Role and Function of Film Festivals in Africa
Year: 2017

The history of the international film festivals in Africa that are dedicated to films made by Africans, is essentially bound to the idea of an "African cinema" From this premise, the significance of specific events, from Carthage to the present day, are discussed noting, in particular, FESPACO in Ouagadougou, ZIFF in Zanzibar, the Durban International Film Festival (South Africa) and Abuja International Film Festival (Nigeria) The intention is to offer a critical perspective on the role of each of these festivals in their particular national context. The first African festivals at Carthage (Tunisia) and FESPACO are discussed in terms of their relationship to and with filmmakers, and the ideals of Pan African solidarity and the anti imperialist politics that defined their institutional foundation in the 1960s and 70s. The impact of subsequent developments in film production and cinema culture are noted, along with the institutional frameworks within which African film festivals have come to exist. The question is asked: what has been the role and function of each of these festivals in the contemporary post colonial and globalised world? With the emergence of a significant wave of film festivals from the 1990s onwards, the changing discourse that has framed "African cinema" over the decades is considered. The underlying argument is for a formal institutionalized film industry at the national, regional and Pan African levels, as the means to a sustainable basis for film festivals in Africa that are dedicated to African cinema.
An efficient and secure data storage in Mobile Cloud Computing through RSA and Hash function
Venue: 2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT)
Year: 2014

Main call for Cloud computing is that users only utilize what they required and only pay for what they really use. Mobile Cloud Computing refers to an infrastructure where data processing and storage can happen away from mobile device. Portio research estimates that mobile subscribers worldwide will reach 6.9 billion by the end of 2013 and 8 billion by the end of 2016. Ericsson also forecasts that mobile subscriptions will reach 9 billion by 2017. Due to increasing use of mobile devices the requirement of cloud computing in mobile devices arise, which gave birth to Mobile Cloud Computing. Mobile devices do not need to have large storage capacity and powerful CPU speed. Due to storing data on cloud there is an issue of data security. Because of the risk associated with data storage many IT professionals are not showing their interest towards Mobile Cloud Computing. To ensure the correctness of users' data in the cloud, we propose an effective mechanism with salient feature of data integrity and confidentiality. This paper proposed a mechanism which uses the concept of RSA algorithm, Hash function along with several cryptography tools to provide better security to the data stored on the mobile cloud.
Time series analytics using sliding window metaheuristic optimization based machine learning system for identifying building energy consumption patterns
Year: 2016

Smart grids are a promising solution to the rapidly growing power demand because they can considerably increase building energy efficiency. This study developed a novel time series sliding window metaheuristic optimization based machine learning system for predicting real time building energy consumption data collected by a smart grid. The proposed system integrates a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model and metaheuristic firefly algorithm based least squares support vector regression (MetaFA LSSVR) model. Specifically, the proposed system fits the SARIMA model to linear data components in the first stage, and the MetaFA LSSVR model captures nonlinear data components in the second stage. Real time data retrieved from an experimental smart grid installed in a building were used to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed system. A k week sliding window approach is proposed for employing historical data as input for the novel time series forecasting system. The prediction system yielded high and reliable accuracy rates in 1 day ahead predictions of building energy consumption, with a total error rate of 1.181% and mean absolute error of 0.026kWh. Notably, the system demonstrates an improved accuracy rate in the range of 36.8 113.2% relative to those of the linear forecasting model (i.e. SARIMA) and nonlinear forecasting models (i.e. LSSVR and MetaFA LSSVR) Therefore, end users can further apply the forecasted information to enhance efficiency of energy usage in their buildings, especially during peak times. In particular, the system can potentially be scaled up for using big data framework to predict building energy consumption.
PandaX III: Searching for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with High Pressure Gaseous Time Projection Chambers
Year: 2017

The PandaX III (Particle And Astrophysical Xenon Experiment III) experiment will search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) of 136Xe at the China Jin Ping underground Laboratory II (CJPL II) In the first phase of the experiment, a high pressure gas Time Projection Chamber (TPC) will contain 200 kg, 90% 136Xe enriched gas operated at 10 bar. Microbulk Micromegas, a fine pitch micro pattern gas detector, will be used for charge readout and enable us to reconstruct tracks of NLDBD events with good energy and spatial resolution. With simulation, we demonstrate excellent background suppression capability with tracking information. In this proceeding, we will give an overview of recent progress of PandaX III, including data taking of a 20 kg scale prototype TPC.
Can Open Innovation Survive? Imitation and Return on Originality in Crowdsourcing Creative Work
Year: 2020

Open innovation platforms that enable organizations to crowdsource ideation to parties external to the firm are proliferating. In many cases, the platforms use open contests that allow the free exchange of ideas with the goal of improving the ideation process. In open contests, participants "solvers" observe the ideas of others as well as the feedback received from the contest sponsor "seeker" The open nature of such contests generate incentives for imitating successful early designs by future solvers at the cost of the original solvers. As such, this creates the possibility of the platform unraveling when original solvers strategically withdraw from the platform, expecting their ideas will be copied without recompense. To investigate agent behavior in such a setting, we analyze publicly accessible micro data on more than 6,000 design contests, submissions and participants from crowdsourced open ideation platforms and augment this analysis with field and online experiments. These data include the original image files submitted to the contests, which enable us to compare how similar one image is to another using a customized ensemble image comparison algorithm. We find that better rated designs are likely to be imitated by later entering solvers, thereby generating significant risk to early entrants that their ideas will be appropriated by later entrants without recompense. As a countervailing force, we document that seekers tend to reward original designs, and avoid picking as winners those that seem to be imitating and free riding. Seekers perceive original designers as more competent, informing their design choice. These patterns suggest that market behavior on such platforms may have a self policing component that disincentivizes excessive imitation, rewards originality and prevents unraveling.
Garden Therapy: The Health Enabling Capacities of Nature Contact
Year: 2019

We live in a world where new information and knowledge technologies and increased mobility simplify everyday life. However, at the same time, contact with the natural environment is shrinking. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas with high population densities and, in many cases, with a little or no access to the quality green spaces. One of the consequences is that there is an increasing disconnection from nature and its sensory stimuli while the noise, air and visual pollution negatively affects the health and reduces the quality of life in urban areas. The "healing" capacity of nature is being increasingly discussed as well as the need of reconnection with it and its therapeutic, spiritual and psychological benefits. The garden therapy defined as a treatment and relaxation through contact with nature is attracting more and more attention, both, from academic field as well as from practitioners of different areas. Among others, a social care and health care, particularly in the case of the children with autism, hyperactivity, with lack of relational capital, psychiatrists (in the case of dementia) but also an architectural landscaping (Which characteristics must the gardens have to fulfill these benefits? An interdisciplinary approach is needed in order to discuss concepts, benefits, potentialities and ways to implement these therapies. We will be presenting the results of a research project With Nature to Mutual Understanding developed by a consortium of seven European countries, on the potentialities of garden therapies to develop communication, social and entrepreneurial skills of the target groups (e.g. minorities, people with learning disabilities and physical and mental health problems, migrants and refugees)
Fresh cut orange treated with its own seed by products presented higher antioxidant capacity and lower microbial growth
Year: 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of orange peel and seed extracts as additives to preserve quality of fresh cut orange. Ethanolic extraction from seeds was fractionated in polar (PE) and non polar (NPE) solvents, and essential oils from peels (PEO) were obtained. Total phenolics, flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, antifungal activity and antibacterial properties of the obtained extracts were evaluated. NPE showed the best response in phenolic content, antioxidant and antifungal activities, followed by the PE, while the PEO showed the lowest scores. NPE was selected and applied to fresh cut orange. Treated fruit showed the highest values of total phenolic content (32.6 mg GAE/g) flavonoids (26.3 mg QE/g) and antioxidant activity (8,270 mmol TE/g) and the lowest mesophilic bacteria (1,854 CFU/g) and total moulds and yeast (3,435 CFU/g) growth compared to controls (6.7 mg GAE/g; 5.4 mg QE/g; 1,836 mmol TE/g; 2,848 CFU/g; 19,030 CFU/g, respectively) Th.
UDP Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases: Distinct and Essential Enzymes With Overlapping Substrate Specificities, Providing de novo Precursors for Glycosylation Reactions
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.
Year: 2019

Nucleotide sugars are the key precursors for all glycosylation reactions and are required both for oligo and polysaccharides synthesis and protein and lipid glycosylation. Among all nucleotide sugars, UDP sugars are the most important precursors for biomass production in nature (e.g. synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins for cell wall production) Several recent studies have already suggested a potential role for UDP Glc in plant growth and development, and UDP Glc has also been suggested as a signaling molecule, in addition to its precursor function. In this review, we will cover primary mechanisms of formation of UDP sugars, by focusing on UDP sugar metabolizing pyrophosphorylases. The pyrophosphorylases can be divided into three families: UDP Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) UDP sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and UDP N acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAGPase) which can be distinguished both by their amino acid sequences and by differences in substrate specificity. Substrate specificities of these enzymes are discussed, along with structure function relationships, based on their crystal structures and homology modeling. Earlier studies with transgenic plants have revealed that each of the pyrophosphorylases is essential for plant survival, and their loss or a decrease in activity results in reproductive impairment. This constitutes a problem when studying exact in vivo roles of the enzymes using classical reverse genetics approaches. Thus, strategies involving the use of specific inhibitors (reverse chemical genetics) are also discussed. Further characterization of the properties/roles of pyrophosphorylases should address fundamental questions dealing with mechanisms and control of carbohydrate synthesis and may allow to identify targets for manipulation of biomass production in plants.
A third assessment of global marine fisheries discards
Year: 2019

This third update of FAO's global discard estimate adopted the 'fishery by fishery' approach employed in the second discards assessment published in 2005. The update included publicly available discard data in the last 20 years to establish a baseline of a time series of global marine fisheries discards. This is essential for monitoring the status and trends of discard management, which is the first step of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management cycle. In addition, the study developed a new fisheries data table incorporating landings data from the FAO Global Capture Production dataset (FishStat J) from 2010 to 2014, which allocated the landings to over 2 000 fisheries worldwide. The current study estimated that the annual discards from global marine capture fisheries between 2010 and 2014 was 9.1 million tonnes (95% CI: 6.7 16.1 million tonnes) About 46 percent (4.2 million tonnes) of total annual discards were from bottom trawls that included otter trawls, shrimp trawls, pair bottom trawls, twin otter trawls and beam trawls. The study included a synthesis of estimates of bycatch and discards of endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species. Substantial advances have been made in quantifying fisheries interactions with such species so as to make informed decisions on their protection. However, many challenges remain, especially for small scale fisheries. The development of standardized data collection techniques, risk based sampling and sharing of data across agencies and regions will help to identify management priorities and allow implementation and enforcement of mitigation measures. A review of previous research showed that discard practices were often related to a wide range of factors, so it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of fishery management actions on the amount and practice of discards. Many regulations are inconsistently enforced, and their implementation is often less strict than intended. Piecemeal approaches in many bycatch and discards management measures can result in unintended cross taxa conflicts, where regulations designed to reduce bycatch and/or discards of one species or species group may increase bycatch and/ or discards of another. Examination of approaches to accounting for and mitigating against pre catch, post capture and ghost fishing mortalities demonstrates that an understanding of the relative importance of factors affecting indirect fishing mortality is necessary for estimating total fishing induced mortality and for designing and implementing mitigation measures.