nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre stroke and post stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: The Lancet Neurology
Year: 2009

Reliable data on the prevalence and predictors of post stroke dementia are needed to inform patients and carers, plan services and clinical trials, ascertain the overall burden of stroke, and understand its causes. However, published data on the prevalence and risk factors for pre stroke and post stroke dementia are conflicting. We undertook this systematic review to assess the heterogeneity in the reported rates and to identify risk factors for pre stroke and post stroke dementia.  Studies published between 1950 and May 1, 2009, were identified from bibliographic databases, reference lists, and journal contents pages. Studies were included if they were on patients with symptomatic stroke, were published in English, reported on a series of consecutive eligible patients or volunteers in prospective cohort studies, included all stroke or all ischaemic stroke, measured dementia by standard criteria, and followed up patients for at least 3 months after stroke. Pooled rates of dementia were stratified by study setting, inclusion or exclusion of pre stroke dementia, and by first, any, or recurrent stroke. Pooled odds ratios were calculated for factors associated with pre stroke and post stroke dementia.  We identified 22 hospital based and eight population based eligible cohorts (7511 patients) described in 73 papers. The pooled prevalence of pre stroke dementia was higher (14.4% 95% CI 12.0 16.8) in hospital based studies than in population based studies (9.1% 6.9 11.3) Although post stroke <or=1 year) dementia rates were heterogeneous overall, 93% of the variance was explained by study methods and case mix; the rates ranged from 7.4% (4.8 10.0) in population based studies of first ever stroke in which pre stroke dementia was excluded to 41.3% (29.6 53.1) in hospital based studies of recurrent stroke in which pre stroke dementia was included. The cumulative incidence of dementia after the first year was little greater (3.0% 1.3 4.7) per year in hospital based studies than expected on the basis of recurrent stroke alone. Medial temporal lobe atrophy, female sex, and a family history of dementia were strongly associated with pre stroke dementia, whereas the characteristics and complications of the stroke and the presence of multiple lesions in time and place were more strongly associated with post stroke dementia.  After study methods and case mix are taken into account, reported estimates of the prevalence of dementia are consistent: 10% of patients had dementia before first stroke, 10% developed new dementia soon after first stroke, and more than a third had dementia after recurrent stroke. The strong association of post stroke dementia with multiple strokes and the prognostic value of other stroke characteristics highlight the central causal role of stroke itself as opposed to the underlying vascular risk factors and, thus, the likely effect of optimum acute stroke care and secondary prevention in reducing the burden of dementia.
An 8 Channel Wavelength MMI Demultiplexer in Slot Waveguide Structures
Venue: Materials
Year: 2016

We propose a novel 8 channel wavelength multimode interference (MMI) demultiplexer in slot waveguide structures that operate at 1530 nm, 1535 nm, 1540 nm, 1545 nm, 1550 nm, 1555 nm, 1560 nm, and 1565 nm. Gallium nitride (GaN) surrounded by silicon (Si) was found to be a suitable material for the slot waveguide structures. The proposed device was designed by seven 1 x 2 MMI couplers, fourteen S bands, and one input taper. Numerical investigations were carried out on the geometrical parameters using a full vectorial beam propagation method (FV BPM) Simulation results show that the proposed device can transmit 8 channel that works in the whole C band (1530 1565 nm) with low crosstalk 19.97 13.77 dB) and bandwidth (1.8 3.6 nm) Thus, the device can be very useful in optical networking systems that work on dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology.
Ultra Precision Machining of the Winston Cone Baffle for Space Observation Camera
Year: 2012

The Winston cone baffle was developed for the space observation camera of the MIRIS (Multi purpose Infrared Imaging System) which is the main payload of STSAT 3 (Science and Technology Satellite) The Winston cone baffle reduces the orbital heat load to the STSAT 3 and is thermally connected to the radiator to cool down. The jig and ultra precision machining jig was designed using a 3D modelling program and analyzed using a computer aided engineering program (ANSYS) The reasons for designing the jig for the baffle were to enhance the stability of the machining and improve the form accuracy of the baffle. The strength, weight and barycentre of the jig are investigated to find the optimized ultra precision machining conditions. To maintain the weight balance of the baffle at high speed rotation, there are lots of holes that can be inserted by heavier bolts. Vibration of the natural diamond bite tool is reduced by using thin copper pipe and urethane silicone. Using this bite tool, we could decrease patterns on the surface of the Winston cone baffle. The results of the simulation using ANSYS show that maximum deformation of the baffle is less than the tolerance limit. Surface roughness of the fabricated Winston cone baffle is machined with the jig and the machining tool is under 5 nm. The Winston cone baffle is plated with gold after being electroless plated with nickel. This baffle is applied to the flight model of the MIRIS.
A rapid and highly specific immunofluorescence method to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in infected meat samples.
Venue: International journal of food microbiology
Year: 2016

Developing rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 remains a major challenge in food safety. The present study attempts to develop an immunofluorescence technique that uses Protein A coated, magnetic beads as the platform. The immunofluorescence technique described here is a direct detection method in which E. coli O157:H7 cells are labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC) fluorescent dye. TRITC labeled bacteria are captured by the desired antibody (Ab) which is immobilized on the Protein A magnetic beads. Fluorescence of the captured cells is recorded in a fluorescence spectrophotometer, where the fluorescence values are shown to be directly proportional to the number of bacteria captured on the immunobead. The formation of an immunocomplex is evidenced by the fluorescence of the beads under microscopy. The Ab immobilization procedure is also evidenced by microscopy using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled Ab. The total experimental time, including preparation of the sample, is just 1h. The minimum bacterial concentration detected by this method is 1.2+ 0.06x10(3)CFUml( 1) The high specificity of this method was proved by using the specific monoclonal Ab (MAb) in the test. The proposed protocol was successfully validated with E. coli O157:H7 infected meat samples. This approach also opens the door for the detection of other bacterial pathogens using Protein A magnetic beads as a detection platform.
Rising Food Prices in Benin Changes in Market Interactions of Small Scale Farmers in Atacora Donga
Year: 2010

The global rise in food prices in 2007 and more intensively in 2008 affected consumers' worldwide, developing countries however, were even affected to a higher extent. In fact Benin's citizens especially the urban poor consumers had to accept rising prices of 70 (local rice) to over 200% (maize) This prompted the Benin government to several reactions (reduction of import tariffs, establishment of buffer storage) in hope to ensure national food security. Although prices have fallen again during the global economic crisis from mid 2008 on, they remained in 2009 on a higher level. But however the question arises how producers were affected by higher prices of agricultural commodities? This case study was developed under a broader frame of student GTZ studies among small scale famers in developing countries (e.g. Mali, Cambodia and Peru) which aimed to examine economic impacts of risen food prices. It focused on qualitative surveys among rice and maize two of the most important staple foods in Benin farmers in the northwestern region Atacora Donga. The study considered in particular farmers' market participation, as well as their interactions with traders, millers and other persons, who have been involved in local value chains of rice and maize. Did the farmers benefit in the past or the present from the rising food prices or did increasing prices for agricultural input factors offset possible advantages? And to which extent have producers' cultivation behaviour and market interactions been influenced? The study portrays a detailed picture of different economic reactions and adoption strategies of small scale farmers, which were not only determined by previous market participations, but also influence prospective agricultural investments.
Short Packet Downlink Transmission With Non Orthogonal Multiple Access
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Year: 2018

This paper introduces downlink non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) into short packet communications. NOMA has great potential to improve fairness and spectral efficiency with respect to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) for low latency downlink transmission, thus making it attractive for the emerging Internet of Things. We consider a two user downlink NOMA system with finite blocklength constraints, in which the transmission rates and power allocation are optimized. To this end, we investigate the trade off among the transmission rate, decoding error probability, and the transmission latency measured in blocklength. Then, a 1 D search algorithm is proposed to resolve the challenges mainly due to the achievable rate affected by the finite blocklength and the unguaranteed successive interference cancellation. We also analyze the performance of OMA as a benchmark to fully demonstrate the benefit of NOMA. Our simulation results show that NOMA significantly outperforms OMA in terms of achieving a higher effective throughput subject to the same finite blocklength constraint, or incurring a lower latency to achieve the same effective throughput target. Interestingly, we further find that with the finite blocklength, the advantage of NOMA relative to OMA is more prominent when the effective throughput targets at the two users become more comparable.
Do 'standard laparoscopic box trainers' represent real life conditions during transperitoneal laparoscopical interventions of the upper tract?
Venue: Urologia
Year: 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the representativeness of the conventional laparoscopic standard box trainers in terms of real life circumstances in transperitoneal laparoscopical interventions of the upper tract, using questionnaire inquiries with experienced surgeons.  The study was conducted with 44 laparoscopists, whose level of renal surgery experience was either high (primary surgeon in >100 cases) moderate (primary surgeon in >50 cases) or basic (primary surgeon in >20 cases) We used the box widely preferred in international training courses, which consists of a 10 mm 30deg laparoscope, real endoscopic instruments, light source, monitor and chicken bone materials. Participants were asked whether they represent real life situations while performing tasks by means of standard box trainers.  The medians of 'restrained body posture of the surgeon' 'position of monitor' 'trocars entry slots' 'tissue distance and region' and 'limited field of movement and restricted working space' were analysed on their difference from the ideal value. All the variables were shown to be significantly different from the ideal value of 5 (p 0.001) These results suggest that experienced surgeons in our study did not find the box simulation conditions similar to real surgery conditions.  Conventional laparoscopic trainer box, which is currently being used, is far from representing for the real situation in transperitoneal laparoscopical interventions of the upper tract.
Improving financial capability
Year: 2019

Financial capability is an umbrella term that puts forward the factors behind making well informed decisions to manage financial resources. Traditional definitions limit the components to skills and knowledge; however, the authors align with a recent movement to include opportunities and motivation as part of this definition. The traditional definitions posit financial literacy as the main factor behind financial capability; however, with this new definition, the authors present a framework to understand financial capability through behaviour science and the growing field of economic psychology (behavioural economics) Here they identify ways to improve financial capability through the use of behaviour change science, an emergent sub field in behavioural science and behavioural economics. They utilize the current literature of behaviour change in the health care domain how financial capability can be improved, and how policy makers and practitioners can utilize the behaviour change science to produce better outcomes for consumers.
GAMBARAN PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA DALAM KELUARGA PADA PENANGANAN BALITA DIARE DI POLI MTBS UPTD PUSKESMAS SE KOTA BLITAR
Year: 2020

Diare adalah buang air besar berbentuk cair lebih dari 3 kali sehari dan jumlahnya lebih banyak. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) diare menempati urutan keempat penyebab kematian anak di dunia, yaitu sebesar 9% (WHO, 2015) Dari data kasus balita diare di Kota Blitar pada tahun 2016 dan 2017 menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebanyak 52 kasus. Tujuan penelitian untuk menggambarkan pertolongan pertama dalam keluarga pada penanganan balita diare. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan deskriptif dengan populasi keluarga yang pernah memeriksakan balita diare di Poli MTBS UPTD Puskesmas se Kota Blitar, sampel sebanyak 32 keluarga dengan teknik Accidental Sampling dan pengumpulan data dengan bantuan kuesioner. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 62.5% dengan kategori baik, 28.1% dengan kategori cukup dan 9.4% dengan kategori kurang. Pertolongan pertama baik karena seluruh keluarga sudah memberikan cairan lebih banyak dari biasanya. Pertolongan pertama cukup karena sebagian kecil keluarga tidak memberikan cairan meskipun diare sudah berhenti. Pertolongan pertama kurang karena sebagian besar keluarga memberikan obat anti diare saat balita mengalami diare. Rekomendasi penelitian diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan penyusunan kegiatan dalam hal pertolongan pertama diare di UPTD Puskesmas se Kota Blitar.
PM2.5 vertical variation during a fog episode in a rural area of the Yangtze River Delta, China.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2019

A dense radiation fog event occurred at the Shouxian site, Anhui Province, China, from the evening of January 2 to noon on January 3, 2017. During this event, vertical profiles of particulate matter (PM) and meteorological parameters within the lower troposphere (0 1000 m) were collected using a tethered balloon. This study assessed the evolution of the PM2.5 profile with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure and the effects of fog on the PM2.5 concentration. The results showed the following: (1) At the surface, the average diurnal variation in Aitken mode, accumulation mode and coarse mode particles had bimodal patterns before fog formation and was mainly influenced by diurnal variation in the mixing level depth (MLD) The aerosol number concentrations decreased remarkably, and the PM2.5 was strongly scavenged from 150 mg/m3 to 45 mg/m3 during the fog process. (2) In the vertical direction, the PM2.5 distribution was affected by the PBL height and the vertical fog structure. At 05:00 LT (local time) (i.e. early morning before the fog event) the PM2.5 concentration was slightly higher in the stable layer (260 mg/m3) than in the residual layer (200 mg/m3) At 14:00 LT (haze period) PM2.5 was well mixed below 500 m, with a concentration of 310 mg/m3. After 20:00 LT, when fog formed, PM2.5 was scavenged from the surface to the upper layers, and the scavenging height was controlled by the fog top height. (3) The vertical development of fog was promoted by turbulent mixing and radiation cooling at the fog top. Turbulent mixing enhanced the particle scavenging efficiency of fog droplets by the collision coalescence process. The PM2.5 scavenging height was corresponded to the turbulence height. Therefore, turbulence development in the fog was the essential dynamic factor driving PM2.5 reduction.
Breaking the Fourth Wall of Cognitive Science
Year: 2016

Research in cognitive science typically places a boundary between participants and the stimuli they are asked to process. While this separation affords experimental control, it can also severely limit the generalizability of the conclusions that are drawn. Here, we review new evidence that some conclusions that have been drawn about social attention do not extend beyond the laboratory. They fundamentally misrepresent how social attention operates in natural social contexts. Critically, these difficulties have led to renewed interest in the dual function of gaze when in authentic social situations, the eyes both collect information from the environment (an encoding function) and communicate one's mental states to others (a signaling function) which traditional social attention paradigms arguably have failed to capture. We review this recent work and discuss the utility of adopting more naturalistic methods in cognitive science.
Experimental investigation on effect of MgO nanoparticles on cold flow properties, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel
Year: 2018

Commercialization and effective use of biodiesel is still unattained due to its poor cold storage property. Biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil (WCO) using methanol was blended with 0% 80% and 90% petroleum based diesel (PBD) fuel and 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 50 ppm of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. The test fuels quality was found to be within limits of the ASTM standards. 30 ppm concentration of MgO nanoparticles showed improvement in cloud point (CP) cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP) of the test fuels. The results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of B100W30A, B20W30A and B10W30A fuels were 28.2% 9.48% and 2.45% higher than the B100, B20 and B10 fuel respectively. PBD showed lower BSFC but higher brake power (BP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) when compared to the other test fuels. The BTE and BP of the B100W30A, B20W30A and B10W30A fuels were 4.57% and 1.17% on an average higher than those of B100, B20 and B10 respectively. In general, MgO nanoparticles blended fuel released relatively lesser emissions than B100, B20, B10 and PBD. Combustion analysis of nanoparticles blended fuel was better than other test fuels and comparable with PBD.
Combined drug repurposing and virtual screening strategies with molecular dynamics simulation identified potent inhibitors for SARS CoV 2 main protease (3CLpro)
Venue: Journal of biomolecular structure dynamics
Year: 2020

The current coronavirus (SARS COV 2) pandemic and phenomenal spread to every nook and cranny of the world has raised major apprehensions about the modern public health care system. So far as a result of this epidemic, 4,434,653 confirmed cases and 302,169 deaths are reported. The growing infection rate and death toll demand the use of all possible approaches to design novel drugs and vaccines to curb this disease. In this study, we combined drugs repurposing and virtual drug screening strategies to target 3CLpro, which has an essential role in viral maturation and replication. A total of 31 FDA approved anti HIV drugs, and Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) database were screened to find potential inhibitors. As a result, Saquinavir, and five drugs (TCM5280805, TCM5280445, TCM5280343, TCM5280863, and TCM5458190) from the TCM database were found as promising hits. Furthermore, results from molecular dynamics simulation and total binding free energy revealed that Saquinavir and TCM5280805 target the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) and possess stable dynamics behavior. Thus, we suggest that these compounds should be tested experimentally against the SARS COV 2 as Saquinavir has been reported to inhibit HIV protease experimentally. Considering the intensity of coronavirus dissemination, the present research is in line with the idea of discovering the latest inhibitors against the coronavirus essential pathways to accelerate the drug development cycle. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Critical perspectives in educational leadership: a new 'theory turn'
Year: 2018

In this article, I argue that we are witnessing a new phase or 'theory turn' in the field of educational leadership. These more critical perspectives in the field of educational leadership have typically been marginalised by the larger body of orthodox approaches due to a perceived lack of focus on best practice and 'what works' discourses, and especially in recent years with the rise of the school effectiveness and improvement movement. However, critical perspectives in educational leadership constitute an essential and vibrant part of educational leadership scholarship and discourse. Drawing on Michel Foucault's notion of discourse, through this article, I examine how critical perspectives have been constituted historically, with some of the main themes of research. This foregrounding also highlights a number of limitations with more orthodox and hegemonic leadership discourses. I identify a number of key writers in the field and situate them in the current theory turn, that is, an emphasis of theoretically informed research that have been prolific over the last 5 10 years.
Solar MPPT for stepper motor drive using in industrials applications
Venue: 2017 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET)
Year: 2017

In this paper, we used the fuzzy logic controller to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic panel production. The aim of this fuzzy logic controller is to determine the maximum power point of photovoltaic panel. The last system is dedicated for powering the stepper motor, precisely the determination of a rotation angle interval, which can be used in various industrial applications. The solar panel is connected with a stepper motor drive via a boost chopper. The model of system and maximum power point tracking of the panel, are simulated by using the Matlab Simulink environment to explain the validity of the control method.
HPGe Detector Energy Response Function Calculation Up to 400 keV Based on Monte Carlo Code
Year: 2010

A high purity germanium detector (HPGe) of crystal size of diameter 4.91 cm and length of 3.6 cm was modeled in accordance with the Pop Top cryostat configuration (model no. GEM10P4) The energy response function was calculated in the air using Monte Carlo simulation with mono energy g ray photon up to 400 keV. The distance between the source and the front surface or end cap to detector was 20 cm and the source was assumed as an isotopic point source. The aluminum absorbing layers of thickness 0.127 cm was also taken into consideration in the simulation model. The input number of particles was 10 7 for each mono energetic g ray photon. The simulated energy response functions were verified with the measured energy response functions obtained using calibration sources in order to prove the accuracy of the modeling. The comparison between the measured energy response functions and the simulated energy response functions after normalization were also performed. ; Gamma ray spectrum; Monte Carlo.   10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4668  (3) 479 483 (2010)