nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai Menjadi Biodiesel dengan Katalis CaO
Year: 2019

The use of biodiesel is expected to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the kinetic reaction of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol will be assessed using heterogeneous CaO solid base catalyst with parameters of mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl ester used to determine the reaction velocity equation. The reaction speed equation is used in the design of a fluidized CSTR (Continues Tank Reactor) reactor to obtain the reactor volume and catalyst weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of the velocity reaction equation for soybean and methanol transesterification reactions using CaO catalyst and determine the weight of the catalyst needed by using the reaction speed equation. The study was carried out by transesterification of soybean oil and methanol with CaO catalyst with the independent variable mole ratio of reactants while the fixed variable reaction temperature was 60degC, catalyst weight was 3% b/v) reaction time was 180 minutes. The results showed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed that the mechanism of the catalytic reaction that occurred was the Eley Rideal mechanism where one of the reactants was adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst. The form of the speed equation for the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst is The reaction speed equation is used in the design of the reactor, so that the relationship between the weight of the catalyst needed to convert triglycerides to biodiesel and the predicted calculation of the volume of the reactor used can be done.
Analisis Hukum Islam Dan Fatwa Nomor 19/DSN MUI/IV/2001 Terhadap Praktik Pembebanan Biaya Administrasi atas Pembiayaan Qard al Hasan di BMT An Nur Rewwin Sidoarjo
Year: 2019

Penelitian ini berjudul "Analisis Hukum Islam Dan Fatwa Nomor 19/DSN MUI/IV/2001 Terhadap Praktik Pembebanan Biaya Administrasi atas Pembiayaan Qard al Hasan di BMT An Nur Rewwin Sidoarjo" merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan di BMT An Nur Rewwin Jalan Cendrawasih Nomor 27 Rewwin Waru Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang 1. Bagaimana praktik pembebanan biaya administrasi atas pembiayaan q a rd al h} asan di BMT An Nur Rewwin Sidoarjo? 2.Bagaimana analisis hukum Islam dan Fatwa Nomor 19/DSN MUI/IV/2001 terhadap praktik pembebanan biaya administrasi atas pembiayaan qard al hasan di BMT An Nur Rewwin Sidoarjo? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pola pikir deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa:1. Qard al Hasan diberikan kepada masyarakat sekitar yang kurang mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang mendesak dalam jangka waktu pendek, pembiayaan ini hanya dikeluarkan selama satu tahun sekali bagi yang membutuhkan. 2. Penetapan biaya administrasi yang dibebankan kepada nasabah dibedakan sesuai jumlah nominal pembiayaan yang dilakukan seperti yang sudah tertera dalam tabel ketentuan BMT. Administrasi pada akad qard al hasan yang dibedakan berdasarkan nominal hutangnya digunakan untuk biaya kertas materai, dan survei. Praktik pembebanan biaya administrasi yang dilakukan di BMT An Nur Rewwin sudah sesuai berdasarkan hukum Islam karena telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat pembiayaan qard al hasan juga sudah sesuai dengan Fatwa Nomor 19/DSN MUI/IV/2001 tentang pembebanan biaya administrasi pada akad qard al hasan. Berdasarkan kesimpulan dari penelitian, penulis menyarankan 1. Sebaiknya pihak BMT menjelaskan kepada nasabah tentang rincian perbedaan biaya administrasi pada akad qard al hasan di BMT An Nur Rewwin Sidoarjo. 2. Seharusnya biaya administrasi tidak dibedakan berdasarkan nominal hutangnya karena tidak sesuai dengan UU OJK Nomor 37/ SEOJK.03/ 2015 mengenai produk dan aktivitas Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Nomor 4 tentang karakteristik akad qard al hasan
Improving Robustness on Seasonality Heavy Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Robust Anomaly Detection (AD) on time series data is a key component for monitoring many complex modern systems. These systems typically generate high dimensional time series that can be highly noisy, seasonal, and inter correlated. This paper explores some of the challenges in such data, and proposes a new approach that makes inroads towards increased robustness on seasonal and contaminated data, while providing a better root cause identification of anomalies. In particular, we propose the use of Robust Seasonal Multivariate Generative Adversarial Network (RSM GAN) that extends recent advancements in GAN with the adoption of convolutional LSTM layers and attention mechanisms to produce excellent performance on various settings. We conduct extensive experiments in which not only do this model displays more robust behavior on complex seasonality patterns, but also shows increased resistance to training data contamination. We compare it with existing classical and deep learning AD models, and show that this architecture is associated with the lowest false positive rate and improves precision by 30% and 16% in real world and synthetic data, respectively.
Optimal crowdsourcing contracting for reconfigurable process planning in open manufacturing: A bilevel coordinated optimization approach
Year: 2020

Recent advances in the industrial Internet of Things and smart data analytics have empowered companies to shift towards an open manufacturing paradigm to crowdsource and share manufacturing resources based on demand and capacities across the value chain. Reconfigurable process planning (RPP) reconstructs the optimal process planning for each batch according to different part batches based on commonality. In combination with the optimal crowdsourcing contracting (OCC) strategy, RPP helps release fixed capital and increase the flexibility of the enterprise under the requirement of diversified parts. The coupling of process planning and crowdsourcing contracting decisions is inherent in open manufacturing. This paper focuses on coordinated optimization underlying OCC with RPP. An OCC decision making mechanism considering RPP based on Stackelberg game theory is established, which provides a solution for trade offs between the RPP decision maker and the OCC decision maker. A coordinated optimization model is proposed to reveal the hierarchical relationships and is solved by a nesting genetic algorithm. A case study of a group of rotating shaft parts is taken to illustrate the effectiveness of the bilevel coordinated optimization (BCO) model. The results present that the commonality has an apparent impact on the OCC and RPP decisions in open manufacturing, and integrating it into process planning activities is advisable for platform enterprises to increase production efficiency and competitive advantages. Our proposed model can deal with the conflict and coordination between OCC and RPP and balances the benefits of platform enterprise with the optimal contractor impacts triggered by planning activities.
Hybrid Enhanced Universal Dependencies Parsing
Venue: IWPT
Year: 2020

This paper describes our system to predict enhanced dependencies for Universal Dependencies (UD) treebanks, which ranked 2nd in the Shared Task on Enhanced Dependency Parsing with an average ELAS of 82.60% Our system uses a hybrid two step approach. First, we use a graph based parser to extract a basic syntactic dependency tree. Then, we use a set of linguistic rules which generate the enhanced dependencies for the syntactic tree. The application of these rules is optimized using a classifier which predicts their suitability in the given context. A key advantage of this approach is its language independence, as rules rely solely on dependency trees and UPOS tags which are shared across all languages.
The Analysis and Optimization on the Front Suspension System of a Formula Racing Car Based on ADAMS
Venue: 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Electromechanical Automation (AIEA)
Year: 2020

The design and optimization on the suspension system is an extremely important part in the overall design of a Formula Racing Car. This design takes the suspension system of a Formula raciing car designed by the race team, which is from Beijing institute of technology, Zhuhai, as the research objective. The design includes several aspects. Based on the simulation platform of ADAMS, the kinematics simulation model of racing car's suspension was established, and the simulated analysis was carried out. After the suspension parameter model was obtained, the results of primary parameters were used to analyze, and the suspension parameters were optimized by ADAMS.
Dynamic motion stabilization for front wheel drive in wheel motor electric vehicles
Year: 2015

This article presents a new dynamic motion stabilization approach to front wheel drive in wheel motor electric vehicles. The approach includes functions such as traction control system, electronic differential system, and electronic stability control. The presented electric vehicle was endowed with anti skid performance in longitudinal accelerated start; smooth turning with less tire scrubbing; and safe driving experience in two dimensional steering. The analysis of the presented system is given in numerical derivations. For practical verifications, this article employed a hands on electric vehicle named Corsa electric vehicle to carry out the tests. The presented approach contains an integrated scheme which can achieve the mentioned functions in a single microprocessor. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented methodology.
Fat Soluble Vitamins in Dietary Supplements: Optimization of Extraction, Simultaneous Determination by HPLC And Stability Studies
Year: 2019

In recent decades, consumption of multivitamin/mineral (MVM) dietary supplements has significantly increased, reflecting a huge demand from the commercial market. Meanwhile, there is a big concern of the stability and shelf life of vitamins, including fat soluble vitamins (FSVs) in the dietary supplements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct precise analysis and stability evaluation of the FSVs in the commercial products so as to scrutinize their content levels. An optimized method to extract the encapsulated FSVs (i.e. vitamin A acetate, vitamin A palmitate, vitamin D3 and vitamin E succinate) from MVM supplements was developed in light of four critical factors, including the hydrolysis time by HCl solution, concentration of HCl solution and hydrolysis temperature, as well as the extraction solvents. Based on the response surface methodology (RSM) the extraction yields of the FSVs were fitted to second order polynomial models, for which an optimized extraction condition was adopted with the following optimal parameters: 0.4 N HCl solution was used for MVM tablet samples at 50degC for 2 min. In addition, a mixture of hexane:ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v) was found to be the best solvent for an efficient extraction of the FSVs from the MVM supplement. Under this condition, extraction recoveries of the vitamin A esters (i.e. retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate) were determined in a range from 92% to 106% and those for the vitamin E succinate and vitamin D ranged from 78% to 90% Subsequently, a chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of the aforementioned four FSVs by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector was developed and validated in terms of high analytical precision and accuracy. For the four FSVs, the analytical limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined to be in the range of 0.52 3.28 ug/mL and 1.56 9.94 ug/mL, respectively. The intra day and inter day tests for the analytical precision in terms of their relative standard deviations were determined to be below 7% for all of the four FSVs. In order to evaluate the stability of encapsulated FSVs, effects of light, temperature, pH, and storage conditions on the retention of FSVs were investigated. When dispersed in water and exposed to light, vitamin A acetate retained only 10% of its original amount after one day of storage, compared to its retention at 72% stored in darkness. In comparison, vitamin D3 and vitamin E were more stable than the vitamin A esters under the light exposure. Vitamin D3 and vitamin E possessed high retentions (72% and 50% respectively) when they were exposed to light after 5 days, and even higher values at 78% and 84% when they were in darkness during the same period. On the other hand, all four FSVs have shown significantly higher degradations at 30degC, 40degC, and 60degC than at 25degC in course of the thermal treatment for five consecutive days, but all of their degradation rates were determined to follow the first order kinetic models.
Antiviral activity of carbohydrate binding agents against Nidovirales in cell culture
Venue: Antiviral Research
Year: 2007

Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens, the relevance of which increased due to the emergence of new human coronaviruses like SARS CoV, HKU1 and NL63. Together with toroviruses, arteriviruses, and roniviruses the coronaviruses belong to the order Nidovirales. So far antivirals are hardly available to combat infections with viruses of this order. Therefore, various antiviral strategies to counter nidoviral infections are under evaluation. Lectins, which bind to N linked oligosaccharide elements of enveloped viruses, can be considered as a conceptionally new class of virus inhibitors. These agents were recently evaluated for their antiviral activity towards a variety of enveloped viruses and were shown in most cases to inhibit virus infection at low concentrations. However, limited knowledge is available for their efficacy towards nidoviruses. In this article the application of the plant lectins Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA) Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) Cymbidium sp. agglutinin (CA) and Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) as well as non plant derived pradimicin A (PRM A) and cyanovirin N (CV N) as potential antiviral agents was evaluated. Three antiviral tests were compared based on different evaluation principles: cell viability (MTT based colorimetric assay) number of infected cells (immunoperoxidase assay) and amount of viral protein expression (luciferase based assay) The presence of carbohydrate binding agents strongly inhibited coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, feline coronaviruses serotypes I and II, mouse hepatitis virus) arteriviruses (equine arteritis virus and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus) and torovirus (equine Berne virus) Remarkably, serotype II feline coronaviruses and arteriviruses were not inhibited by PRM A, in contrast to the other viruses tested.
A study of non monetary rewards as a motivation tool for employee performance in Tesco
Year: 2013

2013 dissertation for MSc in Human Resource Management. Selected by academic staff as a good example of a masters level dissertation. The aim of this study was to critically evaluate the impact of non monetary rewards on employee motivation, to determine which non monetary reward motivates employees in Tesco and to investigate the value of non monetary rewards to employees. The survey design was adopted in this study and data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the sample that was selected. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The sample size comprised of 150 respondents from three branches of Tesco. 150 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents but only 120 of the questionnaires were returned, hence the response rate was 80% The data was analysed using descriptive statistics in order to obtain the mean, tables and charts showing their frequencies and percentages. The findings of this study revealed that, non monetary rewards have positive impact on employee motivation in Tesco. It was discovered that recognition was found to be the highest non monetary reward that motivates most in Tesco. Conclusions were drawn and some suggestions for managers and future researchers were also highlighted.
On the mechanism of organelle degradation in the vertebrate lens.
Venue: Experimental eye research
Year: 2009

The programmed elimination of cytoplasmic organelles occurs during terminal differentiation of erythrocytes, keratinocytes and lens fiber cells. In each case, the process is relatively well understood phenomenologically, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have been surprisingly slow to emerge. This brief review considers the particular case of the lens where, in addition to their specialized physiological roles, organelles represent potential sources of light scattering. The article describes how the elimination of organelles from lens cells located on the visual axis contributes to the transparency of lens tissue. Classic anatomical studies of lens organelle degradation are discussed, along with more contemporary work utilizing confocal microscopy and other imaging modalities. Finally, recent data on the biochemistry of organelle degradation are reviewed. Several review articles on lens organelle degradation are available [Wride, M.A. 1996. Cellular and molecular features of lens differentiation: a review of recent advances. Differentiation 61, 77 93; Wride, M.A. 2000. Minireview: apoptosis as seen through a lens. Apoptosis 5, 203 209; Bassnett, S. 2002. Lens organelle degradation. ; Dahm, R. 2004. ] and readers are directed to these for a comprehensive discussion of the earlier literature on this topic.
Enforcing Reasoning in Visual Commonsense Reasoning
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

The task of Visual Commonsense Reasoning is extremely challenging in the sense that the model has to not only be able to answer a question given an image, but also be able to learn to reason. The baselines introduced in this task are quite limiting because two networks are trained for predicting answers and rationales separately. Question and image is used as input to train answer prediction network while question, image and correct answer are used as input in the rationale prediction network. As rationale is conditioned on the correct answer, it is based on the assumption that we can solve Visual Question Answering task without any error which is over ambitious. Moreover, such an approach makes both answer and rationale prediction two completely independent VQA tasks rendering cognition task meaningless. In this paper, we seek to address these issues by proposing an end to end trainable model which considers both answers and their reasons jointly. Specifically, we first predict the answer for the question and then use the chosen answer to predict the rationale. However, a trivial design of such a model becomes non differentiable which makes it difficult to train. We solve this issue by proposing four approaches softmax, gumbel softmax, reinforcement learning based sampling and direct cross entropy against all pairs of answers and rationales. We demonstrate through experiments that our model performs competitively against current state of the art. We conclude with an analysis of presented approaches and discuss avenues for further work.
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AND FAMILY ECONOMICS 175 Store Image Attributes and Customer Satisfaction of Convenience Store and Implications on Retail Innovation: The Malaysian Shopper Experience
Year: 2019

New technology ideas have continued to change the retail industry landscape spurring innovation across the convenience store industry. Convenience stores (Cstores) are now considered as the fastest growing retail vertically. Retailers are increasingly challenging the notion that c stores should not be just mere pit stops. Modern c stores are becoming convenience destinations. Recent developments witness new C store chains popping up in Malaysia such as KK Mart, Happy Mart, Orange Mart, Family Mart and Irispay to compete along with conventional ones such as 7 Eleven and those stores subsumed with a petrol station. New C stores have features beyond standard convenience offerings with digital technology to capture customer attention and drive store traffic. New players are expanding its brick andmortar presence, just like how Amazon shook up the C store sector in 2017 with new checkout free, ultra convenient shopping experience. In the wake of this new retail innovation, how will other C store retailers position themselves one step ahead of the game? This paper examines store image attributes influencing customer satisfaction of C stores amongst the conventional one. These stores are considered as plain, outdated and at the boredom stage of its business lifecycle. C stores may need to deliver a new experience that today's digital consumers are looking for. The methodology utilized a survey questionnaire approach on 255 shoppers together with store observation and personal interview at a C store franchise chain. Findings found personnel, pricing, merchandising and product assortment as predictors of customer satisfaction of C stores. Findings had managerial implications for C store retailers focusing on what innovations in store image attributes can impact competition. Knowing how quick consumers are embracing technological advances in this C store sector is imperative to stay ahead in this game.
Biochar rhizosphere interactions A review.
Venue: Polish journal of microbiology
Year: 2017

Biochar is a solid material of biological origin obtained from the biomass carbonization, designed as a mean to reduce greenhouse gases emission and carbon sequestration in soils for a long time. Biochar has a wide spectrum of practical utilization and is applied as a promising soil improver or fertilizer in agriculture, or as a medium for soil or water remediation. Preparations of biochar increase plant growth and yielding when applied into soil and also improve plant growth conditions, mainly bio, physical and chemical properties of soil. Its physical and chemical properties have influence on bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, both in field and laboratory conditions. Such effects on rhizosphere organisms are positive or negative depending on biochar raw material origin, charring conditions, frequency of applications, applications method and doses, but long terms effects are generally positive and are associated mainly with increased soil biota activity. However, a risk assessment of biochar applications is necessary to protect the food production and soil environment. This should be accomplished by biochar production and characterization, land use implementation, economic analysis, including life cycle assessment, and environmental impact assessment.