nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Children's Conceptions of the Moral Standing of a Humanoid Robot of the Here and Now
Year: 2015

Children's Conceptions of the Moral Standing of a Humanoid Robot of the Here and Now Solace Shen Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Peter H. Kahn, Jr. Department of Psychology Sophisticated humanoid robots have recently moved from the laboratory and research settings to the home environment. Some models are now marketed to families with children, and are designed to engage children in increasingly social and potentially moral interactions. The purpose of this study is to investigate when children interact with a commercially available humanoid robot and witness a human causing a harm to the robot whether children conceptualize the robot as being an entity that deserves moral consideration: what is referred to in this study as having moral standing. Participants included 120 children in 2 age groups (8 9 and 14 15) To assess the effects of the robot's physical embodiment on participants' conceptions of the robot's moral standing, 30 participants from each age group (gender balanced) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions and interacted with either a humanoid robot or an analogous virtual agent. In each condition, the interaction culminated in a confederate hitting the robot/virtual agent with a book. Each participant was then engaged in a semi structured interview that ascertained their judgments and reasoning regarding the robot/virtual agent and three comparison entities. Results show that the majority of the participants judged the confederate hitting the robot as a violation of moral obligation, and many brought the concept of artificial emotion to bear in their reasoning. Participants were significantly more likely to judge it a violation of moral obligation to hit the robot than the virtual agent. Moreover, the 8to 9year olds were significantly more likely than the 14to 15 year olds to judge it a violation of moral obligation to hit either the robot or the virtual agent. Finally, participants' conceptions of the robot's moral standing largely showed a unique composition of moral features when compared to those of the comparison entities. Discussion addresses the broader implications of these findings and future directions for research are offered.
Functional Enrichment and Analysis of Antigen Specific Memory B Cell Antibody Repertoires in PBMCs
Year: 2019

Phenotypic screening of antigen specific antibodies in human blood is a common diagnostic test for infectious agents and a correlate of protection after vaccination. In addition to long lived antibody secreting plasma cells residing in the bone marrow, memory B cells are a latent source of antigen experienced, long term immunity that can be found at low frequencies in circulating PBMCs. Assessing the genotype, clonal frequency, quality, and function of antibodies resulting from an individual's persistent memory B cell repertoire can help inform the success or failure of immune protection. We have applied ELISPOT cell culture methods to functionally expand the memory repertoire from PBMCs and clonally map monoclonal antibodies from this population. We show that combining deep sequencing of stimulated memory B cell repertoires with retrieving single antigen specific cells is a promising approach in evaluating the latent, functional B cell memory in PBMCs.
What Are We Learning from the FDA Mandated Cardiovascular Outcome Studies for New Pharmacological Antidiabetic Agents?
Venue: Current Diabetes Reports
Year: 2016

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in patients with diabetes. For these patients, clinicians should seek diabetes treatment that is beneficial rather than harmful in relation to CVD. Until recently, there have been many treatments for hyperglycemia, whose impact on CVD has been controversial. The aims of this review are to evaluate the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic medications on risk factors for CVD and to examine the impact of these drugs on CVD in cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials. In this article, we summarize current knowledge about the impacts of these drugs on various risk factors as well as CV outcomes. We identify the recent emergence of trials with antihyperglycemic agents showing newly discovered CV benefits as well as past trials with antihyperglycemic agents not showing much benefit on CV events. Rather than focusing on treatment strategies, we review the effects of individual drug classes on CV outcomes. We also briefly review goal driven glycemia reduction and its impact on CVD. We conclude that antihyperglycemic agents are associated with improvement in CV risk factors in patients with diabetes and insulin resistance; in fact, a few drugs reduced CV events in randomized CV outcome trials. Therefore, the use of these drugs is appropriate for reducing glucose and decreasing CV event risk in a select subpopulation.
Real time monitoring of railway infrastructures using fibre Bragg grating sensors
Year: 2015

In this work we present the results of a field trial with a FBG sensor array system for the real time monitoring of railway traffic and for the structural health monitoring of both the railway track and train wheels. The test campaign is performed on the 2nd line of Milan metropolitan underground, employing more than 50 FBG sensors along 1.5 km of the rail track, where the trains are tested during daily passenger rail transport, with a roughly maximum speeds of 90 km/h. The measurements were continuatively performed for over 6 months, with a sampling frequency of about 400 Hz. The large amount of data/sensors allows a rather accurate statistical treatment of the measurement data and permits, with dedicated algorithms, the estimation of rail and wheel wear, key traffic parameters such as the number of axles, the train speed and load, and, in the next future, the detection of localized imperfections.
Correlating lignin structure to aromatic products in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin model compounds containing b O 4 linkages
Year: 2014

Lignin model compounds, phenethoxybenzene, 1 methoxy 2 phenethoxybenzene, and 1 phenethoxy 4 propylbenzene were reacted over various zeolites in the vapor phase at 600 degC to elucidate the role of the zeolite type during the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of molecules containing b O 4 linkages. The goal was to determine how different zeolites including hierarchical zeolites upgrade lignin fragments, ultimately for converting the lignin portion of lignocellulosic biomass to chemicals or fuels. Using three different catalysts, HZSM 5, H beta, and HY, the model lignin compounds were upgraded by catalytic fast pyrolysis at 600 degC. The total acidity or Bronsted acidity of the catalysts were held similar when comparing the three different zeolite types to understand the role of each zeolite on the product distribution. The optimal catalyst for the production of benzene from all three model compounds was H beta, but the least amount of coke was produced with HZSM 5. Compared with the analogous microporous HZSM 5 catalyst, the hierarchical materials resulted in increased liquid carbon molar yields. Although H beta produced the highest amount of benzene with 1 methoxy 2 phenethoxybenzene, HZSM 5 was able to produce more liquid products from this model lignin fragment. To analyze the catalysts with intact model compounds, vaporization studies were conducted to prevent the thermal cleavage of the Cb O bond in the b O 4 linkages. These vaporization studies resulted in lower liquid yields and higher coke yields. Thus, it is important for CFP to generate fragments of the b O 4 linkages before catalyst interaction, and catalyst selection for the conversion of lignin should greatly depend on feed compositions.
Clinician perspectives and experiences in the prescription of ankle foot orthoses for children with cerebral palsy
Venue: Physiotherapy theory and practice
Year: 2019

Physiotherapists, orthotists, and physicians are involved in the prescription of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) for children with cerebral palsy (CP) however, little is known about how prescription decisions are made in practice. Therefore, the study objective was to identify current AFO prescription and clinical decision making practices for children with CP in Canada.  Focus groups were conducted in five pediatric rehabilitation facilities, with 32 clinicians. Semi structured interviews focused on the goals and types of AFOs used, referral and follow up processes, and clinical evaluation measures. Interpretive Description was used as a framework for analysis. Transcribed dialogue was imported into NVivo 11 for data coding and analysis. Three researchers participated in coding to establish categories and themes.  Categories included: what is made, how it is used, and factors that either support or challenge outcomes. Strengths and challenges of the current prescription process were discussed, including funding, communication, and technology to enhance clinical evaluation. Throughout the interviews, the theme of prescription as a collaborative, iterative, and individualized process emerged.  Processes, strengths, and challenges associated with AFO prescription in Canada were identified. This is a first step toward the development of guidelines to help clinicians improve AFO prescription for children with CP.
Association of Streptococcus Mutans, Candida Albicans and Oral Health Practices with Activity Status of Caries Lesions Among 5 Year Old Children with Early Childhood Caries.
Venue: Oral health preventive dentistry
Year: 2020

Candida albicans is frequently detected together with Streptococcus mutans in the plaque or biofilms of children with early childhood caries (ECC) The aim of this study was to examine the association of the microbial counts of C. albicans and S. mutans in the supragingival plaque with the activity status of carious lesions and oral health practices in children with ECC.  children aged 5 years were examined and their caries status recorded as per the ICDAS II and the Lesion Activity Assessment (LAA) criteria. A questionnaire covering oral health practices was administered to parents. Plaque samples were collected and cultured on mitis salivarus bacitracin (MSB) agar and CHROMagar. Data was analysed using Spearman's rank correlation and Mann Whitney U test.  There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the levels of S. mutans and C. albicans (rs 0.702, p <0.001) A positive correlation was seen between the percentage of active carious lesions with the colony counts of S. mutans (rs 0.884, p <0.001) and C. albicans (rs 0.785, p <0.001) Improper toothbrushing practices, dietary and feeding practices were statistically significantly associated with activity of caries lesions, S. mutans and C. albicans count.  The total count of C. albicans and S. mutans in the supragingival dental plaque of children with ECC increases with an increase in the percentage of active carious lesions and the severity of dental caries. Improper oral health practices can lead to increased number of active carious lesions, as well as increased microbial load of both S. mutans and C. albicans.
SR Net: Cooperative Image Segmentation and Restoration in Adverse Environmental Conditions
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Most state of the art semantic segmentation or scene parsing approaches only achieve high accuracy rates in good environmental conditions. The performance decrease enormously if images with unknown disturbances occur, which is less discussed but appears more in real applications. Most existing research works cast the handling of the challenging adverse conditions as a post processing step of signal restoration or enhancement after sensing, then feed the restored images for visual understanding. However, the performance will largely depend on the quality of restoration or enhancement. Whether restoration based approaches would actually boost the semantic segmentation performance remains questionable. In this paper, we propose a novel net framework to tackle semantic Segmentation and image Restoration in adverse environmental conditions (SR Net) The proposed approach contains two components: Semantically Guided Adaptation, which exploits and leverages semantic information from degraded images then help to refine the segmentation; and Exemplar Guided Synthesis, which synthesizes restored or enhanced images from semantic label maps given specific degraded exemplars. SR Net exploits the possibility of building connections of low level image processing and high level computer vision tasks, achieving image restoration via segmentation refinement. Extensive experiments on several datasets demonstrate that our approach can not only improve the accuracy of high level vision tasks with image adaption, but also boosts the perceptual quality and structural similarity of degraded images with image semantic guidance.
Computational Collective Intelligence: 11th International Conference, ICCCI 2019, Hendaye, France, September 4 6, 2019, Proceedings, Part I
Venue: ICCCI
Year: 2019

Collective intelligence is one major outcome of the digital revolution, but this outcome is hardly evaluated. By implementing a topological knowledge graph (KG) in the metaphor of a brain, the ViewpointS approach attempts to trace and assess the dynamics of collaborative knowledge building. Our approach relies on a bipartite graph of resources (agents, documents, topics) and time stamped "viewpoints" emitted by human or artificial agents. These viewpoints are typed (logical, mining, subjective) User agents feed the graph with resources and viewpoints and exploit maps where resources are linked by "synapses" aggregating the viewpoints. They reversely emit feedback viewpoints which tighten or loosen the synapses along the knowledge paths. Shared knowledge is continuously elicited against the individual "systems of values" along the agents' exploitation/feedback loops. This selection process implements a rudimentary form of collective intelligence, which we assess through innovative metrics. In this paper, we present the exploitation/feedback loops in detail. We expose the mechanism underlying the reinforcement along the knowledge paths and introduce a new measure called Multi Paths Proximity inspired from the parallel neural circuits in the brain. Then we present the Web prototype VWA implementing the ViewpointS approach and set a small experiment assessing collective knowledge building on top of the exploitation/feedback loops.
Specific Reaction Parameter Density Functional Based on the Meta Generalized Gradient Approximation: Application to H2 Cu(111) and H2 Ag(111)
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry. A
Year: 2019

Specific reaction parameter density functionals (SRP DFs) which can describe dissociative chemisorption reactions on metals to within chemical accuracy, have so far been based on exchange functionals within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and on GGA correlation functionals or van der Waals correlation functionals. These functionals are capable of describing the molecule metal surface interaction accurately, but they suffer from the general GGA problem that this can be done only at the cost of a rather poor description of the metal. Here, we show that it is possible also to construct SRP DFs for H2 dissociation on Cu(111) based on meta GGA functionals, introducing three new functionals based on the "made simple" (MS) concept. The exchange parts of the three functionals (MS PBEl, MS B86bl, and MS RPBEl) are based on the expressions for the PBE, B86b, and RPBE exchange functionals. Quasi classical trajectory (QCT) calculations performed with potential energy surfaces (PESs) obtained with the three MS functionals reproduce molecular beam experiments on H2, D2 Cu(111) with chemical accuracy. Therefore, these three non empirical functionals themselves are also capable of describing H2 dissociation on Cu(111) with chemical accuracy. Similarly, QCT calculations performed on the MS PBEl and MS B86bl PESs reproduced molecular beam and associative desorption experiments on D2, H2 Ag(111) more accurately than was possible with the SRP48 density functional for H2 Cu(111) Also, the three new MS functionals describe the Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt metals more accurately than the all purpose Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. The only disadvantage we noted of the new MS functionals is that, as found for the example of H2 Cu(111) the reaction barrier height obtained by taking weighted averages of the MS PBEl and MS RPBEl functionals is tunable over a smaller range (9 kJ/mol) than possible with the standard GGA PBE and RPBE functionals (33 kJ/mol) As a result of this restricted tunability, it is not possible to construct an SRP DF for H2 Ag(111) on the basis of the three examined MS meta GGA functionals.
Naturalistic evaluation of a sport themed mental health and wellbeing app aimed at men (MindMax) that incorporates applied video games and gamification
Venue: Internet interventions
Year: 2020

While men display lower help seeking rates than women, there is a lack of mental health interventions targeting men. To address this issue, we developed a smartphone app named MindMax, an Australian Football League (AFL) themed app containing psychoeducational modules teaching strategies derived from positive psychology and acceptance and commitment therapy. MindMax also incorporates gamification, casual video games, and social connection and is intended to appeal to male Australians interested in AFL. This study reports results from a naturalistic trial intended to investigate whether using MindMax was associated with improved wellbeing, resilience, and help seeking intentions.  We conducted a naturalistic trial from July 2017 to May 2018, where participants were given access to MindMax to use as they wished, and asked to answer wellbeing surveys at multiple time points. As we employed a customised version of the General Help Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) we conducted an exploratory factor analysis and extracted two factors that we interpreted as 'personal help seeking' and 'impersonal help seeking' Mixed design MANOVAs were conducted with flourishing, resilience, personal help seeking, impersonal help seeking, relatedness, and sense of connection (self group overlap) to the MindMax community to assess change between Day 1 30 and Day 1 60.  313 participants (174/313, 55.6% female; 131/313, 41.9% male) completed the survey at baseline and at least one follow up survey. We observed significant 30 day and 60 day increases in impersonal help seeking intentions and sense of connection to the MindMax community, and 60 day increases in flourishing. 30 day increases in sense of connection were highest in our male participants with high base wellbeing, present in our female participants, and not present in our male participants with low base wellbeing. 60 day increases in sense of connection were higher in high wellbeing participants than in low wellbeing participants.  Our findings are encouraging as they could be attributed to participants' exposure to MindMax. However, they could also be attributed to other factors that may also have motivated trial participation. Future research can consider investigating more explicitly the role of conformity to masculine norms and how that may affect uptake of mHealth technologies and help seeking behaviour.
Animal Assisted and Pet Robot Interventions for Ameliorating Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Venue: Biomedicines
Year: 2020

Patients with dementia suffer from psychological symptoms such as depression, agitation, and aggression. One purpose of dementia intervention is to manage patients' inappropriate behaviors and psychological symptoms while taking into consideration their quality of life (QOL) Animal assisted intervention (AAI) and pet robot intervention (PRI) are effective intervention strategies for older people with cognitive impairment and dementia. In addition, AAI and PRI have been shown to have positive effects on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) However, studies into the association between AAI/PRI and BPSD have elicited inconsistent results. Thus, we performed a meta analysis to investigate this association. We analyzed nine randomized controlled trials on AAI and PRI for dementia patients published between January 2000 and August 2019 and evaluated the impact of AAI/PRI on agitation, depression, and QOL. We found that AAI and PRI significantly reduce depression in patients with dementia. Subsequent studies should investigate the impact of AAI and PRI on the physical ability and cognitive function of dementia patients and conduct a follow up to investigate their effects on the rate of progression and reduction of symptoms of dementia. Our research will help with neuropsychological and environmental intervention to delay or improve the development and progression of BPSD.
Evaluation of an acoustic detection algorithm for reactive collision avoidance in underwater applications
Year: 2013

This thesis sought to evaluate a vehicle detection algorithm based on a passive acoustic sensor, intended for autonomous collision avoidance in Unmanned Underwater Vehicles. By placing a hydrophone at a safe distance from a dock, it was possible to record the acoustic signature generated by a small motor boat as it navigated towards, and then away from the sensor. The time varying sound intensity was estimated by Root Mean Square of the sound amplitude in discrete samples. The time derivative of the sound intensity was then used to estimate the time to arrival, or collision, of the acoustic source. The algorithm was found to provide a good estimate of the time to collision, with a small standard deviation for the projected collision time, when the acoustic source was moving at approximately constant speed, providing validation of the model at the proof of concept level.  Professor of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering