nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Virus infection decreases the attractiveness of white clover plants for a non vectoring herbivore
Venue: Oecologia
Year: 2012

Plant pathogens and insect herbivores are prone to share hosts under natural conditions. Consequently, pathogen induced changes in the host plant can affect herbivory, and vice versa. Even though plant viruses are ubiquitous in the field, little is known about plant mediated interactions between viruses and non vectoring herbivores. We investigated the effects of virus infection on subsequent infestation by a non vectoring herbivore in a natural genotype of Trifolium repens (white clover) We tested whether infection with White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) alters (1) the effects of fungus gnat feeding on plant growth, (2) the attractiveness of white clover for adult fungus gnat females, and (3) the volatile emission of white clover plants. We observed only marginal effects of WClMV infection on the interaction between fungus gnat larvae and white clover. However, adult fungus gnat females clearly preferred non infected over WClMV infected plants. Non infected and virus infected plants could easily be discriminated based on their volatile blends, suggesting that the preference of fungus gnats for non infected plants may be mediated by virus induced changes in volatile emissions. The compound b caryophyllene was exclusively detected in the headspace of virus infected plants and may hence be particularly important for the preference of fungus gnat females. Our results demonstrate that WClMV infection can decrease the attractiveness of white clover plants for fungus gnat females. This suggests that virus infections may contribute to protecting their hosts by decreasing herbivore infestation rates. Consequently, it is conceivable that viruses play a more beneficial role in plant herbivore interactions than generally thought.
BP neural network based shot putters performance prediction research
Year: 2014

With sports rapidly development, especially for 200 8 Olympic Games successfully hosted, it let each ki nds of sports undertakings attracts much attention, from which sh ot becomes the focus issue, many scholars' research es on the event are even countless. The paper based on the t hought, it utilizes neural network model to make pr ediction on shot putters, after stating BP neural network theor y, and then combines it with practice, it gets pred iction on future development trend, so it proves the model validness and rationality.
Agriculture Blockchain Service Platform for Farm to Fork Traceability with IoT Sensors
Venue: 2020 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)
Year: 2020

The traceability of agricultural products has always been one of the most important things that customers care about. For the past decades, the trend of applying Internet of Things (IoT) technology to agriculture has been on an exponential rise and has also shown great success in different aspects. Not only crops can be irrigated and taken care of more precisely, but more reliable production history can be created based on the environmental data collected by IoT sensors. To achieve a trustable traceability for agricultural production process, data security becomes a major factor after the collection of massive data via IoT. By using blockchain technology for data storing, integrity and reliability can be ensured due to its immutability. Furthermore, when dealing with several components (producer, processor, distributor..etc. on a food production chain, blockchain also has the ability to connect untrusted nodes and restrict them in following certain protocols. This study designs and implements an agriculture blockchain service platform for farm to fork traceability with IoT sensors. The Ethereum blockchain technology is employed and smart contracts are also designed to support tampering proof data storing and provide reliable financial transactions which may happen throughout the entire food production chain.
The motion induced contour revisited: Observations on 3 D structure and illusory contour formation in moving stimuli
Venue: Journal of vision
Year: 2019

The motion induced contour (MIC) was first described by Victor Klymenko and Naomi Weisstein in a series of papers in the 1980s. The effect is created by rotating the outline of a tilted cube in depth. When one of the vertical edges is removed, an illusory contour can be seen in its place. In four experiments, we explored which stimulus features influence perceived illusory contour strength. Participants provided subjective ratings of illusory contour strength as a function of orientation of the stimulus, separation between inducing edges, and the length of inducing edges. We found that the angle of tilt of the object in depth had the largest impact on perceived illusory contour strength with tilt angles of 20deg and 30deg producing the strongest percepts. Tilt angle is an unexplored feature of structure from motion displays. In addition, we found that once the depth structure of the object was extracted, other features of the display, such as the distance spanned by the illusory contour, could also influence its strength, similar to the notion of support ratio for 2 D illusory contours. Illusory contour strength was better predicted by the length of the contour in 3 D rather than in 2 D, suggesting that MICs are constructed by a 3 D process that takes as input initially recovered contour orientation and position information in depth and only then forms interpolations between them.
Computational imaging with multi camera time of flight systems
Venue: ACM Trans. Graph.
Year: 2016

Depth cameras are a ubiquitous technology used in a wide range of applications, including robotic and machine vision, human computer interaction, autonomous vehicles as well as augmented and virtual reality. In this paper, we explore the design and applications of phased multi camera time of flight (ToF) systems. We develop a reproducible hardware system that allows for the exposure times and waveforms of up to three cameras to be synchronized. Using this system, we analyze waveform interference between multiple light sources in ToF applications and propose simple solutions to this problem. Building on the concept of orthogonal frequency design, we demonstrate state of the art results for instantaneous radial velocity capture via Doppler time of flight imaging and we explore new directions for optically probing global illumination, for example by de scattering dynamic scenes and by non line of sight motion detection via frequency gating.
Microbial community composition, co occurrence network pattern and nitrogen transformation genera response to biochar addition in cattle manure maize straw composting.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2020

A better understanding of the microbial group influencing nitrogen (N) dynamics and cycling in composting matrix is critical in achieving good management to alleviate N loss and improve final compost quality. This study investigated the bacterial composition, structure, co occurrence network patterns and topological roles of N transformation in cattle manure maize straw composting using high throughput sequencing. The two treatments used in this experiment were cattle manure and maize straw mixture (CM) and CM with 10% biochar addition (CMB) In both treatments, the bacterial community composition varied during composting and the major phyla included Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi. The phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were more abundant in CMB treatment while Firmicutes was abundant in CM piles. The metabolic functional profiles of bacteria was predicted using the "phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states" (PICRUSt) which revealed that except for cellular processes pathway, CMB had slight higher abundance in metabolism, genetic information processing and environmental information processing than the CM. Pearson correlation revealed more significant relationship between the important bacteria communities and N transformation in CMB piles compared with CM. Furthermore, network pattern analysis revealed that the bacterial networks in biochar amended piles are more complex and harbored more positive links than that of no biochar piles. Corresponding agreement of multivariate analyses (correlation heatmap, stepwise regression, Path and network analyses) revealed that Psychrobacter, Thermopolyspora and Thermobifida in CM while Corynebacterium_1, Thermomonospora and Streptomyces in CMB were key bacterial genera affecting NH4+ N, NO3 N and total nitrogen (TN) transformation respectively during composting process. These results provide insight into nitrogen transformation and co occurrence patterns mediating microbes and bacterial metabolism which could be useful in enhancing compost quality and mitigating N loss during composting.
Ventilation performance prediction for buildings: Model assessment
Year: 2010

Designing ventilation systems for buildings requires a suitable tool to assess the system performance. This investigation assessed seven types of models (analytical, empirical, small scale experimental, full scale experimental, multizone network, zonal, and CFD) for predicting ventilation performance in buildings, which can be different in details according to the model type. The analytical model can give an overall assessment of a ventilation system if the flow could be approximated to obtain an analytical solution. The empirical model is similar to the analytical model in terms of its capacities but is developed with a database. The small scale model can be useful to examine complex ventilation problems if flow similarity can be maintained between the scaled model and reality. The full scale model is the most reliable in predicting ventilation performance, but is expensive and time consuming. The multizone model is a useful tool for ventilation design in a whole building, but cannot provide detailed flow information in a room. The zonal model can be useful when a user has prior knowledge of the flow in a room. The CFD model provides the most detailed information about ventilation performance and is the most sophisticated. However, the model needs to be validated by corresponding experimental data and the user should have solid knowledge of fluid mechanics and numerical technique. Thus, the choice for an appropriate model is problem dependent.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a self management exercise intervention on wound healing, functional ability and health related quality of life outcomes in adults with venous leg ulcers: a randomised controlled trial
Venue: International wound journal
Year: 2017

Exercise that targets ankle joint mobility may lead to improvement in calf muscle pump function and subsequent healing. The objectives of this research were to assess the impact of an exercise intervention in addition to routine evidence based care on the healing rates, functional ability and health related quality of life for adults with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) This study included 63 patients with VLUs. Patients were randomised to receive either a 12 week exercise intervention with a telephone coaching component or usual care plus telephone calls at the same timepoints. The primary outcome evaluated the effectiveness of the intervention in relation to wound healing. The secondary outcomes evaluated physical activity, functional ability and health related quality of life measures between groups at the end of the 12 weeks. A per protocol analysis complemented the effectiveness (intention to treat) analysis to highlight the importance of adherence to an exercise intervention. Intention to treat analyses for the primary outcome showed 77% of those in the intervention group healed by 12 weeks compared to 53% of those in the usual care group. Although this difference was not statistically significant due to a smaller than expected sample size, a 24% difference in healing rates could be considered clinically significant. The per protocol analysis for wound healing, however, showed that those in the intervention group who adhered to the exercise protocol 75% or more of the time were significantly more likely to heal and showed higher rates for wound healing than the control group (P 0*01) that is, 95% of those who adhered in the intervention group healed in 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes of physical activity, functional ability and health related quality of life were not significantly altered by the intervention. Among the secondary outcomes (physical activity, functional ability and health related quality of life) intention to treat analyses did not support the effectiveness of the intervention. However, per protocol analyses revealed encouraging results with those participants who adhered more than 75% of the time (n 19) showing significantly improved Range of Ankle Motion from the self management exercise programme (P 0*045) This study has shown that those participants who adhere to the exercise programme as an adjunctive treatment to standard care are more likely to heal and have better functional outcomes than those who do not adhere to the exercises in conjunction with usual care.
The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier
Venue: Gut
Year: 2015

Over the last 10 15 years, our understanding of the composition and functions of the human gut microbiota has increased exponentially. To a large extent, this has been due to new 'omic' technologies that have facilitated large scale analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community, revealing it to be comparable in influence to a new organ in the body and offering the possibility of a new route for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, it might be more accurate to think of it like an immune system: a collection of cells that work in unison with the host and that can promote health but sometimes initiate disease. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of gut disorders, in particular metabolic syndrome and obesity related disease, liver disease, IBD and colorectal cancer. The potential of manipulating the gut microbiota in these disorders is assessed, with an examination of the latest and most relevant evidence relating to antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and faecal microbiota transplantation.
Intrinsic parameters for the synthesis and tuned properties of amphiphilic chitosan drug delivery nanocarriers
Venue: Journal of controlled release official journal of the Controlled Release Society
Year: 2017

Chitosan (CS) is a material derived from chitin, the most abundant biopolymer on the planet. It has shown potential among a wide variety of biomedical applications especially within the context of self assembling nanocarriers usable in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, macroscopic injectables, tissue engineering scaffolds, and nano imaging agents. To date, many reviews have been focused on the biomedical properties and applications of CS based nanocarriers, but a review is lacking on the role and prospects of different factors such as formulation parameters and preparation conditions on the properties of amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers (ACNs) that have shown critical value in advancing drug delivery.  Chitosan has shown potential among a wide variety of biomedical applications such as drug delivery. Here, we provided a review of the role and prospects of different factors such as formulation parameters and preparation conditions on the properties of amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers (ACNs) that have shown critical value in advancing drug delivery.  No Caption available.
Re assembling climate change policy: Materialism, posthumanism, and the policy assemblage.
Venue: The British journal of sociology
Year: 2020

National and international policy makers have addressed threats to environmental sustainability from climate change and other environmental degradation for over 30 years. However, it is questionable whether current policies are socially, politically, economically, and scientifically capable of adequately resolving these threats to the planet and living organisms. In this paper we theorize and develop the concept of a "policy assemblage" from within a new materialist ontology, to interrogate critically four policy perspectives on climate change: "liberal environmentalism" the United Nations policy statements on sustainable development; "green capitalism" (also known as "climate capitalism" and finally "no growth economics." A materialist analysis of interactions between climate change and policies enables us to establish what each policy can do, what it ignores or omits, and consequently its adequacy to address environmental sustainability in the face of climate change. None, we conclude, is adequate or appropriate to address climate change successfully. We then use this conceptual tool to establish a "posthuman" policy on climate change. Humans, from this perspective, are part of the environment, not separate from or in opposition to it, but possess unique capacities that we suggest are now necessary to address climate change. This ontology supplies the starting point from which to establish sociologically a scientifically, socially, and politically adequate posthuman climate change policy. We offer suggestions for the constituent elements of such a policy.
Effect of Epoxy Resin Concentration on Some Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fabric/ Nitrile Rubber Reinforced Composites
Year: 2019

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) are widely used in variety of applications such as flexible aerodynamic surfaces on aircraft, under water flexible vehicles, flexible robotic skeletons and engineering applications. Epoxy resins (ER) are usually employed as the polymeric matrix, in which the fabric laminates are embedded. Although Carbon fabric/resin composites possess outstanding mechanical performance and good process ability, however, ER are relatively brittle which causes a major problem for the performance of the final structure. In our present study, a woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite, with nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) as the polymeric matrix were fabricated by hand layup method followed by compression molding. Different concentrations (5,10,15 and 20 part per hundred, phr) of an ER were added to the NBR formulations and compared with similarly processed CFRP reference material produced without NBR. Various static and dynamic mechanical properties were examined experimentally. The results revealed that CFRP composite containing 10 phr epoxy resin showed significant improvement in the impact strength and flexural strength due to the good energy absorbing of NBR. In addition, tensile strength decreased while elongation at break percentage increased because of high strain capability and elastic recovery of the nitrile rubber. The dynamic mechanical test results such as tan delta, glass Sawsan Fakhry Halim, et al.  1 15 (2019) 2 transition temperature Tg and loss and storage modulus results showed good fiber matrix interfacial adhesion between the carbon fabric and the polymeric matrix.
AuthPrivacyChain: A Blockchain Based Access Control Framework With Privacy Protection in Cloud
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

Cloud is a computing model that provides sharing and supports ubiquitous on demand access computing, providing new data processing and services for many industries, significantly reducing user computing and storage costs, and improving ease of use. With the development of cloud scale and intensification, cloud security has become an essential issue in the field of cloud computing. Access control is one of the critical security technologies for protecting sensitive data stored in the cloud by enterprises and individuals. Since the centralized access control mechanism is adopted in the cloud, the sensitive data in the cloud are easy to be tampered with or leaked by hackers or cloud internal managers. To address this issue, we propose a blockchain based access control framework with privacy protection called AuthPrivacyChain. Firstly, we use the account address of the node in blockchain as the identity, and at the same time, redefine the access control permission of data for the cloud, which is encrypted and stored in blockchain. After that, we design processes of access control, authorization, and authorization revocation in AuthPrivacyChain. Finally, we implement AuthPrivacyChain based on enterprise operation system (EOS) and the results show that AuthPrivacyChain can not only prevent hackers and administrators from illegally accessing resources, but also protect authorized privacy.
Ultrafast Detection of Peroxynitrite in Parkinson's Disease Models Using a Near Infrared Fluorescent Probe.
Venue: Analytical chemistry
Year: 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that devastatingly affects people's lives. Numerous researches have shown that peroxynitrite (ONOO plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PD. However, a suitable tool that could quickly and sensitively detect ONOO in various PD models is still lacking. To this end, we designed and synthesized a series of near infrared probes that could ultrafast and highly selectively detect ONOO within seconds by near infrared fluorescent imaging. Noteworthy, one of those developed probes, NIR PN1, showed excellent sensing performance and blood brain barrier penetrating ability. NIR PN1 was successfully applied for imaging of ONOO fluxes in multiple PD models including PC12 cells, Drosophila, C. elegans, and mouse brain, indicating its great potential application not only for understanding the biological roles of ONOO played in PD but also for early PD diagnosis and treatment.
The miraculous moringa trees: From nutritional and medicinal point of views in tropical regions
Year: 2017

Moringa plants are among high value trees, belongs to Moringaceae family which consists of 13 species and they are highly distributed in Africa and southern Asia. It is multi purpose tree with medicinal, nutritional, industrial and socio economic values. Moringa leaf extracts have potential antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antiulcer, diuretic, hepatoprotective and cholesterol lowering activities. This means, the leaf contain bioactive compounds which perform certain beneficial physiological and biochemical functions in humans. These miraculous tree also have significant activities against cancer, tumor, bacteria and fungus as well as they have anti leishmanial and anti fertility activities. Therefore, Moringa tree has potential application in pharmaceutical industry for drugs development. Nowadays Moringa tree become an important food commodity in tropical world. Except the wood, all part of the tree are edible and these edible portions are exceptionally nutritious. Fresh and dried leaves can be cooked in soups or supplements of sauce and immature seeds and pods are often cooked and eaten as a fresh vegetable. The flowers can be cooked or dried and steeped as tea. All these parts of the trees compose vital chemicals and minerals promoting growth and health, therefore, it is used to combat moderate malnutrition in children and nursing mothers. Additionally, it is used as alternative animal feedstock especially for the emerging poultry industries in tropics. The tree is used as a hedge, fence and wind break. The seeds of Moringa is one of the best natural coagulants for water treatments which can substitute expensive synthetic coagulants in developing countries. As compared to conventional oilseeds for edible oil production, Moringa oilseeds are more advantageous in terms of oil content, costs and agronomic properties. Furthermore, oil derived from Moringa seeds can be used as potential sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production. In this review, human healthcare through traditional medicine as well as multiple uses of Moringa trees are discussed. The socioeconomic values of M. stenopetala tree in southern Ethiopia is delineated. Finally, future prospects are proposed.