nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Population age structure effects on carbon emission in China
Year: 2015

There are many driving factors for carbon emissions such as economic level,industrial structure,energy consumption,technical level,total population and population structure. In recent years,it has become an important subject for monitoring and analyzing the impacts of human factors such as population on carbon emissions. However,research into populations and carbon emissions has focused on the investigation of size of population,and most research has ignored or over simplified the change in structural factors such as age structure during the process of demographic transition and emissions. Here,we refine population age structure and divide it into the groups 0~14,15~29,30~44,45~59 and over 60,then investigate the impact of population age structure on carbon emissions with the extended stochastic STIRPAT model in order to explain the influencing mechanism of population age structure on carbon emission in China. We found that population age structure has a significant impact on carbon emissions. It has a different impact on carbon emissions for different age groups. The impact is the largest for the group aged 30 to 44,and it is not significant for the group 15 to 29;the elastic coefficient of carbon emissions is negative for the group aged over 60. With China's aging population,it is possible that changes in population age structure will reduce carbon emissions whether in production or consumption channel. We discuss advice for reducing carbon emissions from the consumption channel.
Maigrir enveloppee a l'adolescence et image du corps
Year: 2012

Resume Ce travail presente une solution therapeutique pour traiter la clinique de l'image inconsciente du corps chez l'adolescente obese en perte de poids. L'objectif de cette etude est de proposer une solution pour traiter ce trouble inherent a l'obesite, en travaillant sur la representation consciente du corps changeant de l'adolescente.Par l'approche de l'enveloppe corporelle externe du sujet, nous montrerons comment nous pouvons agir au niveau intrapsychique, en termes de limite et sur ses images fantasmatiques. C'est a partir d'une observation clinique d'un travail de groupe par une mediation therapeutique, un atelier esthetique look que nous proposerons une nouvelle comprehension du type d'accompagnement therapeutique, grace au travail sur l'image du corps, dont le but est de faire perdurer psychiquement une nouvelle image positive du corps afin de maintenir l'acceptation de l'amaigrissement, tout en preservant le sujet de l'effet de decompensation lie a la modification des limites du soi corporel L'originalite de cette approche peut ouvrir a de nouvelles perspectives de comprehension et de soin de cette pathologie dans son abord therapeutique.
The selective chlorination of nickel and copper from low grade nickel copper sulfide oxide ore: Mechanism and kinetics
Year: 2020

On account of the complex occurrence of valuable metals in a large amount of low grade nickel sulfide ore, obstacles have been caused by using the existing metallurgical method. Therefore, we are reporting a new selective chlorination roasting and water leaching process to treat complex nickel sulfide ore. Anhydrous aluminum chloride was firstly used as the solid chlorination agent to sulfide ore. The chlorination mechanism for metals in nickel copper sulfide ore were determined by thermodynamic calculation and experiment. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the predominant matter contributing to the chlorination of talc, lizardite, and magnetite were AlCl3 (both solid or gas) and the generated HCl, however, the chlorination of metal sulfide (pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite) were mostly contributed by the generated Cl2. The effect of roasting temperature, the roasting time, the mass ratio of AlCl3 to the ore, the content of O2 in the roasting atmosphere and the particle size of ore were investigated. The orthogonal experiments results showed that the optimal conditions of the chlorination roasting process were the roasting time of 3 h, the roasting temperature of 450 degC, the mass ratio of AlCl3 to ore of 1.5:1, the content of O2 of 20% and particle size of the ore of 96 80 mm, under this condition, an extraction rate of nickel, copper, iron, and magnesium of 91.6% 88.5% 28.4% and 16.4% was obtained. The chlorination mechanism is that, in the chlorination roasting process, nickel and copper were transferred into their corresponding metal chlorides, while most of the iron and magnesium were transferred into ferric oxide and magnesia alumina silicates, respectively. TAK (thermal analytic kinetics) were used to clarify the chlorination kinetics, the results showed that the apparent activation energy calculated from DSC data was 70.4 kJ*mol 1, while calculated from TG data was 86.5 kJ*mol 1 (average) by using the FWO method, one of the most probable mechanism function of the chlorination process was G a 0.8701 1 1 a 0.8701 (integral form) and f a 1 a 1.8701 (differential form) The chlorination selectivity for metals could give guidance to the extraction of metals (especially for valuable metals) either in nickel sulfide ore or other minerals with a complex metal occurrence.
Evaluation of an Extension Delivered Resource for Accelerating Progress in Childhood Obesity Prevention: The BEPA Toolkit.
Year: 2017

The Balanced Energy Physical Activity Toolkit, or the BEPA Toolkit, supports physical activity (PA) programming via Extension in elementary schools. In a pilot study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the BEPA Toolkit as used by teachers through Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education partnerships. We surveyed teachers (n 57) regarding their use of the kit and examined associations between teacher use of the kit and objectively measured PA of students (n 1,103) Over 80% of responders reported that the BEPA Toolkit provided additional opportunities for PA, and children regularly exposed to the kit were more active than those having less exposure to it. The BEPA Toolkit may support PA opportunities in underresourced school settings.
Building blocks for the development of an IoT business model
Year: 2019

Previous studies have identified a variety of Internet of Things (IoT) business models and have recognised the complexity related to the application of IoT technologies in business, along with the potential of the modularity concept application in organisational design. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main building blocks for the development of a business model canvas for companies that adopt the IoT in their business.,First, the authors carried a systematic literature review to identify theoretical, experimental and practical IoT business model canvas recorded in the literature. Then, the authors identified and analysed the characteristics of the building blocks present in these canvas using a statistical cluster technique. Based on the outcomes, the authors proposed a framework with standard and optional modules to allow flexible arrangements and suit different IoT business goals.,The results revealed that the IoT business model canvas recorded in the literature had been grossly designed to attend two drivers: manufacture and service organisations. Therefore, based on the frequency of building blocks present in IoT business model canvas recorded in the literature, it has been proposed two flexible frameworks which can be tailored to accommodate the immense variety of possibilities offered by IoT technologies in manufacture and service business.,The business model frameworks proposed in this research can support entrepreneurs structuring new IoT businesses or upgrading existing businesses.,This research offers a comprehensive IoT business model framework with their respective building blocks built from an extensive literature review.
The effect of power converter on the design of a Linear Alternator for use with a Joule Cycle Free Piston Engine
Venue: 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC)
Year: 2017

This paper describes the effect of alternative power conversion techniques on the performance of a Linear Alternator driven by a Joule Cycle Free Piston Engine for electrical power generation. The design of a tubular Longitudinal Flux machine with axial magnets is performed using 2 D axisymmetric FEA modelling with transient solver to extract the rated power for three power conversion scenarios: Resistive Loading, Grid Interface, and Unity Power Factor Controlled Converter. The design study is carried out for a specific engine operating force and velocity, taking into consideration geometrical constraints for a compact system. Results are presented and discussed emphasizing the effect of the power conversion method on the idealized resultant machine physical and performance parameters.
A 1S Direct Battery Attach Integrated Buck Voltage Regulator with 5 Stack Thin Gate 22nm FinFET CMOS Featuring Active Voltage Balancing and Cascaded Self Turn ON Drivers
Venue: 2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits
Year: 2021

A 1S direct battery attach buck converter with a 5 stack, thin gate FinFET power train delivers a peak efficiency of 89.2% for a 3.8V in to 1.8V out, with 10x higher power density ~15A/mm2) switching at up to 10x higher frequency (40MHz) using 4x 10x lower inductance (10 100nH) than state of the art. Cascaded self timed drivers and soft switching low side drivers minimize complexity in driving 10 individual power switches safely.
Monitoring of efficacy, tolerability and safety of artemether lumefantrine and artesunate amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Lambarene, Gabon: an open label clinical trial
Venue: Malaria Journal
Year: 2019

BackgroundMalaria remains a major public health problem, affecting mainly low and middle income countries. The management of this parasitic disease is challenged by ever increasing drug resistance. This study, investigated the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability and safety of artemether lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate amodiaquine (AS AQ) used as first line drugs to treat uncomplicated malaria in Lambarene, Gabon. non randomized clinical trial was conducted between October 2017 and March 2018 to assess safety, clinical and parasitological efficacy of fixed doses of AL and AS AQ administered to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children aged from 6 months to 12 years. After 50 children were treated with AL, another 50 children received ASAQ. The 2009 World Health Organization protocol for monitoring of the efficacy of anti malarial drugs was followed. Molecular markers msp1 and msp2 were used to differentiate recrudescence and reinfection. For the investigation of artemisinin resistant markers, gene mutations in Pfk13 were screened.ResultsPer protocol analysis on day 28 showed a PCR corrected cure rate of 97% (95% CI 86 100) and 95% (95% CI 84 99) for AL and AS AQ, respectively. The most frequent adverse event in both groups was asthenia. No mutations in the kelch 13 gene associated with artemisinin resistance were identified. All participants had completed microscopic parasite clearance by day 3 post treatment.ConclusionThis study showed that AL and AS AQ remain efficacious, well tolerated, and are safe to treat uncomplicated malaria in children from Lambarene. However, a regular monitoring of efficacy and a study of molecular markers of drug resistance to artemisinin in field isolates is essential.
Learning to Create Cartoon Images from a Very Small Dataset
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Year: 2019

This paper proposes a framework to automatically create cartoon images with low computation resources and small training datasets. The system segments and reassembles regions according to the topologies learned from example images. Region relationship trees are constructed for training images with no requirement of manual labeling. An enhanced clustering mechanism with no prior knowledge of cluster number is designed to effectively group components into desired groups for image creation. Compared with methods based on Generative Adversarial Networks, the proposed framework which performs automatic reasoning, clustering and reassembling regions of cartoon images can create better images with a very small amount of training samples.
Illumination Variation Resistant Video Based Heart Rate Measurement Using Joint Blind Source Separation and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Venue: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
Year: 2017

Recent studies have demonstrated that heart rate (HR) could be estimated using video data [e.g. exploring human facial regions of interest (ROIs) under well controlled conditions. However, in practice, the pulse signals may be contaminated by motions and illumination variations. In this paper, tackling the illumination variation challenge, we propose an illumination robust framework using joint blind source separation (JBSS) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to effectively evaluate HR from webcam videos. The framework takes the hypotheses that both facial ROI and background ROI have similar illumination variations. The background ROI is then considered as a noise reference sensor to denoise the facial signals by using the JBSS technique to extract the underlying illumination variation sources. Further, the reconstructed illumination resisted green channel of the facial ROI is detrended and decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions using EEMD to estimate the HR. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed framework could estimate HR more accurately than the state of the art methods. The Bland Altman plots showed that it led to better agreement with HR ground truth with the mean bias 1.15 beats/min (bpm) with 95% limits from $15.43 to 17.73 bpm, and the correlation coefficient 0.53. This study provides a promising solution for realistic noncontact and robust HR measurement applications.
Consumption Taxes and Corporate Investment
Year: 2018

While consumers nominally pay the consumption tax, theoretical and empirical evidence is mixed on whether corporations partly shoulder this burden, thereby, affecting corporate investment. Using a quasi natural experiment, we show that consumption taxes decrease investment. Firms facing more elastic demand decrease investment more strongly because they bear more of the consumption tax. We corroborate the validity of our findings using 86 consumption tax changes in a cross country panel. We document two mechanisms underlying the investment response: reduced firms' profitability and lower aggregate consumption. Importantly, the magnitude of the investment response to consumption taxes is similar to that of corporate taxes.
Control of puberty onset and fertility by gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons
Venue: Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Year: 2016

The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network generates pulse and surge modes of gonadotropin secretion critical for puberty and fertility. The arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons that innervate the projections of GnRH neurons in and around their neurosecretory zone are key components of the pulse generator in all mammals. By contrast, kisspeptin neurons located in the preoptic area project to GnRH neuron cell bodies and proximal dendrites and are involved in surge generation in female rodents (and possibly other species) The hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis develops embryonically but, apart from short periods of activation immediately after birth, remains suppressed through a combination of gonadal and non gonadal mechanisms. At puberty onset, the pulse generator reactivates, probably owing to progressive stimulatory influences on GnRH neurons from glial and neurotransmitter signalling, and the re emergence of stimulatory arcuate kisspeptin input. In females, the development of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion enables final maturation of the surge generator that ultimately triggers the first ovulation. Representation of the GnRH neuronal network as a series of interlocking functional modules could help conceptualization of its functioning in different species. Insights into pulse and surge generation are expected to aid development of therapeutic strategies ameliorating pubertal disorders and infertility in the clinic.
Elastic urban video surveillance system using edge computing
Venue: SmartIoT@SEC
Year: 2017

During the past decade, the concepts and applications of Internet of Things (IoT) are pervasively propagated to the academia and industries. The widely distributed IoT devices contribute to building an effective smart urban surveillance system, which manages the regular operations and handles emergencies. The real time monitoring uploads massive amounts of data to the backbone network and requires prompt feedbacks. The recent rapid development of "Edge Computing" (also called "Fog Computing" or Mobile Edge Computing in different literature) aims at pushing the computation and storage resources from the remote data center to the edge of network for reducing the burden of backbone and the computing latency In this paper, we design a three tier edge computing system architecture to elastically adjust computing capacity and dynamically route data to proper edge servers for the real time surveillance applications. A system prototype integrating Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) is implemented in an OpenStack based virtualization environment. Moreover, we introduce schemes of resource reallocation and workload balance in urgent situations. Experimental results of the prototype show the great potentials of using edge computing for future large scale and distributed smart urban surveillance applications.
Between the High Ideals and Reality: Managing COVID 19 Vaccine Nationalism
Venue: European Journal of Risk Regulation
Year: 2021

This report examines what has come to be known as "vaccine nationalism" through the lens of the early experience with the COVID 19 vaccination process. After explaining the meaning of the term, this report investigates how this phenomenon has manifested during the COVID 19 pandemic, identifying its epidemiological, economical, ethical and legal aspects. It also looks at the different international initiatives that have been adopted to deal with it, concentrating in this context on the COVAX project. The report concludes that the success of these initiatives has been limited. It also observes that COVID 19 vaccine nationalism appears to be a phenomenon that is characteristic of the high income Western countries, while in aspiring non Western powers the vaccine crisis is primarily seen as a way to advance their geopolitical goals.
Ab intio description of the electronic structure of high temperature cuprate superconductors: A Comparative Density Functional Study
Year: 2020

In this work we have studied the crystal, electronic, and magnetic structure of \mathrm{La_{2 x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} for $x=0.0$ and $x=0.25$ employing nine functionals, representing the local, semi local, and hybrid density functional approximations on the first four rungs of Jacob's ladder. Our assessment finds that the meta generailized gradient approximation (meta GGA) class of functionals perform well in capturing the key properties of the prototypical high temperature superconductor. In contrast, the local spin density approximation (LDA) GGA, and the considered hybrid density functional fail to capture the metal insulator transition (MIT) under doping. We further explore the capability of hybrid functionals to capture the MIT transition upon doping by varying the admixture parameter of its exact exchange component.
Unraveling consequences of soil micro and nano plastic pollution on soil plant system: Implications for nitrogen (N) cycling and soil microbial activity.
Venue: Chemosphere
Year: 2020

Micro and nano plastics have widely been recognized as major global environmental problem due to its widespread use and inadequate waste management. The emergence of these plastic pollutants in agroecosystem is a legitimate ecotoxicological concerns for food web exchanges. In agriculture, micro/nano plastics are originated from a variety of different agricultural management practices, such as the use of compost, sewage sludge and mulching. A range of soil properties and plant traits are affected by their presence. With the increase of plastic debris, these pollutant materials have now begun to demonstrate serious implications for key soil ecosystem functions, such as soil microbial activity and nutrient cycling. Nitrogen (N) cycle is key predictor of ecological stability and management in terrestrial ecosystem. In this review, we evaluate ecological risks associated with micro nano plastic for soil plant system. We also discuss the consequence of plastic pollutants, either positive or negative, on soil microbial activities. In addition, we systematically summarize both direct and hypothesized implications for N cycling in agroecosystem. We conclude that soil N transformation had showed varied effects resulting from different types and sizes of plastic polymers present in soil. While mixed effects of microplastic pollution on plant growth and yield have been observed, biodegradable plastics have appeared to pose greater risk for plant growth compared to chemical plastic polymers.
UAV surveillance using multihop ad hoc wireless networks: a demonstrator
Year: 2012

Festivals, public parades, and sports events are a common happening that attract a large amount of people to one location at the same time. To improve the safety at such crowded events, the event organization could use static and mobile sensors that sense and detect situations which require the attention of the security personnel. Camera surveillance of large areas is traditionally a costly endeavour, requiring either a large camera infrastructure or a lot of manpower. However, presently consumer electronics have evolved to the point where quadrotor toys with cameras and wireless connectivity have become affordable. In the meantime, the same has happened with consumer grade wireless routers. In this paper, we describe a demonstration of a scalable aerial surveillance solution using consumer off the shelf quadrotor drones and wireless routers to create an ad hoc network based on optimized link state routing, extending the operational range of the drones.
Dempster Shafer theoretic resolution of referential ambiguity
Venue: Auton. Robots
Year: 2019

Robots designed to interact with humans in realistic environments must be able to handle uncertainty with respect to the identities and properties of the people, places, and things found in their environments. When humans refer to these entities using under specified language, robots must often generate clarification requests to determine which entities were meant. In this paper, we first present recommendations for designers of robots needing to generate such requests. We then show how a Dempster Shafer theoretic pragmatic reasoning component capable of generating requests to clarify pragmatic uncertainty can also generate requests to resolve referential uncertainty when integrated with probabilistic reference resolution and referring expression generation components. Our system is then demonstrated in a simulated alpine search and rescue context enabled by a novel hybrid architecture.