nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact Rectangular Slot Patch Antenna for Dual Frequency Operation Using Inset Feed Technique
Year: 2017

In recent years, the inventions in communication systems require the development of low cost, minimal weight, compact and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort in the design of microstrip patch antennas because of its inherent characteristics that fits the requirements of modern communication devices. This paper presents the design and simulation of a compact rectangular slot patch antenna for dual frequency operation at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz using the inset feed technique. The simulation of the designed antenna was done with the aid of computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio version 12. The antenna has a miniature compact size of 44x41x1.6 mm3 which resonated at a return loss of 19.619 dB and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.303 at 2.4 GHz, and 17.55 dB and VSWR of 1.301 at 5.2 GHz. The results show that the antenna has a corresponding bandwidth of 124.6 MHz at 2.4 GHz and 119.8 MHz at 5.2 GHz. The substrate used in the proposed antenna is the flame resistant four (FR 4) with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.023. The proposed antenna may find applications in wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth technology.
THE COMPATIBILITY OF READING QUESTIONS IN THE ENGLISH COURSEBOOK FOR GRADE 8 WITH THE LEVEL OF THINKING SKILLS
Year: 2018

Coursebook is an effective media which contains instructions to enhance teaching and learning activities. There are several reasons proposed by Robert O'Neill (O'Neill, 1982) in using the coursebook. However, the educators especially teachers have to be clever in choosing a good coursebook. Some experts have certain criteria in choosing a good coursebook, but mostly they refer to the curriculum. Curriculum is the guideline of the national education. Nowadays, Indonesia uses a new curriculum called K 13 which stands for Curriculum 2013. Moreover, the government has published a coursebook entitled "When English Rings a Bell" In the document of K 13, there is a competence achievement that should be achieved by the students in every level. The competence achievement refers to Revised Bloom Taxonomy (RBT) and the level of thinking skills which was proposed by Bloom. There are six levels in the level of thinking skills, which are remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. According to the Curriculum 2013 or K 13, the cognitive level that must be achieved by junior high school is in the domain of analyzing. This research would like to employ a checklist to analyze the reading questions in the coursebook. It is a valuable instrument to determine the cognitive level of the questions. In order to strengthen the data and make it valid, the researcher also applied data triangulation. The present study will analyze the compatibility of reading questions in the English coursebook grade 8 with the level of thinking skill.
Surface wave tomography for azimuthal anisotropy in a strongly reduced parameter space
Year: 2008

Large scale seismic anisotropy in the Earth's mantle is likely dynamically supported by the mantle's deformation; therefore, tomographic imaging of 3 D anisotropic mantle seismic velocity structure is an important tool to understand the dynamics of the mantle. While many previous studies have focused on special cases of symmetry of the elastic properties, it would be desirable for evaluation of dynamic models to allow more general axis orientation. In this study, we derive 3 D finite frequency surface wave sensitivity kernels based on the Born approximation using a general expression for a hexagonal medium with an arbitrarily oriented symmetry axis. This results in kernels for two isotropic elastic coefficients, three coefficients that define the strength of anisotropy, and two angles that define the symmetry axis. The particular parametrization is chosen to allow for a physically meaningful method for reducing the number of parameters considered in an inversion, while allowing for straightforward integration with existing approaches for modelling body wave splitting intensity measurements. Example kernels calculated with this method reveal physical interpretations of how surface waveforms are affected by 3 D velocity perturbations, while also demonstrating the non linearity of the problem as a function of symmetry axis orientation. The expressions are numerically validated using the spectral element method. While challenges remain in determining the best inversion scheme to appropriately handle the non linearity, the approach derived here has great promise in allowing large scale models with resolution of both the strength and orientation of anisotropy.
The Associations among Insulin Resistance, Hyperglycemia, Physical Performance, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cognitive Function in Relatively Healthy Older Adults with Subtle Cognitive Dysfunction
Venue: Front. Aging Neurosci.
Year: 2017

Insulin resistance (IR) diabetes mellitus (DM) sarcopenia, and cognitive dysfunction are thought to be mutually associated. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the relationships among IR, gait speed, hyperglycemia, and DM by cross sectionally analyzing the baseline data of an interventional study for cognitive preservation with physical exercise (the TOyota Preventional Intervention for Cognitive decline and Sarcopenia [TOPICS] The participants (n 444) were relatively healthy older individuals who had mild cognitive impairment without dementia, and 61 of the participants had DM. Slow gait speed and hyperglycemia were associated with cognitive dysfunction, mainly in the executive function domain, whereas IR was associated with memory impairment. The participants with DM had lower general cognition and executive function. Executive dysfunction in the DM participants seemed to be partly explained by hyperglycemia and/or slow gait speed. Our findings confirmed that IR, DM, sarcopenia, and cognitive dysfunction are mutually associated in complex ways. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these associations will lead to effective strategies to prevent and treat cognitive dysfunction in older individuals.
Manufacture of Meat Analogues Through High Moisture Extrusion
Year: 2015

Meat analogues find raising interest of many consumers who are looking for indulgent, healthy, low environmental impact, ethical, cost effective, and/or new food products. High moisture extrusion cooking enables the production of fresh, premium meat analogues that are texturally like muscle meat from plant or animal proteins. The appearance and eating sensation are similar to cooked meat while high protein content offers a similar nutritional value. This article focuses on plant based meat analogues and covers process and product related aspects including ingredients and structure formation, flavor, taste and nutritional value, postextrusion processing, packaging and shelf life, consumer benefits, and product related environmental impacts.
Automatic measurement of contact angle in pore space images
Year: 2017

A new approach is presented to measure the in situ contact angle th between immiscible fluids, applied to segmented pore scale X ray images. We first identify and mesh the fluid/fluid and fluid/solid interfaces. A Gaussian smoothing is applied to this mesh to eliminate artifacts associated with the voxelized nature of the image, while preserving large scale features of the rock surface. Then, for the fluid/fluid interface we apply an additional smoothing and adjustment of the mesh to impose a constant curvature. We then track the three phase contact line, and the two vectors that have a direction perpendicular to both surfaces: the contact angle is found from the dot product of these vectors where they meet at the contact line. This calculation can be applied at every point on the mesh at the contact line. We automatically generate contact angle values representing each invaded pore element in the image with high accuracy. To validate the approach, we first study synthetic three dimensional images of a spherical droplet of oil residing on a tilted flat solid surface surrounded by brine and show that our results are accurate to within 3deg if the sphere diameter is 2 or more voxels. We then apply this method to oil/brine systems imaged at ambient temperature and reservoir pressure (10MPa) using X ray microtomography (Singh et al. 2016) We analyse an image volume of diameter approximately 4.6 mm and 10.7 mm long, obtaining hundreds of thousands of values from a dataset with around 700 million voxels. We show that in a system of altered wettability, contact angles both less than and greater than 90deg can be observed. This work provides a rapid method to provide an accurate characterization of pore scale wettability, which is important for the design and assessment of hydrocarbon recovery and carbon dioxide storage.
An Immersive Virtual Reality Platform to Enhance Walking Ability of Children with Acquired Brain Injuries.
Venue: Methods of information in medicine
Year: 2017

Acquired brain injury (ABI) may result in lifelong impairment of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functions. Several rehabilitative treatments are often needed to support walking recovery, thus participants' engagement becomes a crucial aspect, especially when patients are children. In the last few years, traditional physiotherapy (PT) has been flanked by innovative technologies for rehabilitation in the fields of robotics and Virtual Reality (VR) Preliminary results have shown interesting perspectives in the use of a VR system, the GRAIL (Gait Real time Analysis Interactive Lab) in improving walking abilities in a small group of children with ABI, although further insights are needed about its use as rehabilitative tool in the pediatric population.  To evaluate the efficacy of a rehabilitation treatment on a GRAIL system for the improvement of walking abilities, in a group of children suffering from ABI.  12 children with ABI (study group SG; mean age 12.1 3.8 years old) underwent a 10 session treatment with the GRAIL, an instrumented multi sensor platform based on immersive VR for gait training and rehabilitation in engaging VR environments. Before (T0) and at the end of the treatment (T1) the participants were assessed by means of functional scales (Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) 6 Minute Walk Test (6minWT) and the 3D Gait Analysis, over ground (OGA) and on GRAIL (GGA) RESULTS All the participants completed the rehabilitative treatment. The functional evaluations showed an improvement in Gross Motor abilities (GMFM 88, p 0.008) especially in standing (GMFM D, p 0.007) and walking (GMFM E, p 0.005) an increase of the endurance (6minWT, p 0.002) and enhanced autonomy in daily life activities (FAQ, p 0.025) OGA identified a significant decrease of the Gillette Gait Index for the impaired side and a general increase of symmetry. GGA showed improvements in spatiotemporal parameters and joints range of motion that moved towards normality and symmetry recovery.  A 10 session treatment with GRAIL on children with ABI led to improvements in their walking abilities and enhanced their engagement during the training. This is desirable when long life impairments are faced and children's motor functions have to be regained and it supports the leading role that VR might have in the rehabilitation field.
Health promotion outcomes associated with a community based program to reduce pesticide related risks among small farm households.
Venue: Health promotion international
Year: 2011

A range of determinants at multiple socio ecological levels operate in small farm households' use and handling of hazardous pesticides, suggesting the need for integrated health and agriculture promotion approaches. The aim is to assess changes in health promotion outcomes relevant to highly hazardous pesticide use associated with a multi component community program. A longitudinal evaluation design using mixed methods was employed in 18 agricultural communities in Ecuador. Over a 7 month period, health education and agricultural interventions focused upon: health risks associated with hazardous pesticides, more adequate use and handling of pesticides, and better crop management techniques. Data collection included field forms, focus groups, structured observations and repeat surveys. In the qualitative analysis, communities were compared by extent of leadership and involvement with the interventions. For the quantitative analysis, hypothesized paths were constructed including factors relevant to pesticide related practices and use. Testing involved gender role stratified (household and crop manager) multivariable regression models. Information on pesticide health impacts and the pesticide use and handling, shared in focus groups, showed substantial improvement, as a result of health promotion activities though people were still observed to engage in risky practices in the field. In path models, community leadership and intervention intensity lead to changes in the household managers' pesticide related knowledge and practices and to reduction in farm use of hazardous pesticides (both significant, p 0.05) Integrated, community programs can promote pesticide related risk reduction among small farm households. Changing practices in the use and management of pesticides among crop managers appears limited by deeper structural and cultural factors.
Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2017

Public opinion toward some science and technology issues is polarized along religious and political lines. We investigate whether people with more education and greater science knowledge tend to express beliefs that are more (or less) polarized. Using data from the nationally representative General Social Survey, we find that more knowledgeable individuals are more likely to express beliefs consistent with their religious or political identities for issues that have become polarized along those lines (e.g. stem cell research, human evolution) but not for issues that are controversial on other grounds (e.g. genetically modified foods) These patterns suggest that scientific knowledge may facilitate defending positions motivated by nonscientific concerns. Although Americans generally hold science in high regard and respect its findings, for some contested issues, such as the existence of anthropogenic climate change, public opinion is polarized along religious and political lines. We ask whether individuals with more general education and greater science knowledge, measured in terms of science education and science literacy, display more (or less) polarized beliefs on several such issues. We report secondary analyses of a nationally representative dataset (the General Social Survey) examining the predictors of beliefs regarding six potentially controversial issues. We find that beliefs are correlated with both political and religious identity for stem cell research, the Big Bang, and human evolution, and with political identity alone on climate change. Individuals with greater education, science education, and science literacy display more polarized beliefs on these issues. We find little evidence of political or religious polarization regarding nanotechnology and genetically modified foods. On all six topics, people who trust the scientific enterprise more are also more likely to accept its findings. We discuss the causal mechanisms that might underlie the correlation between education and identity based polarization.
Accuracy of dental age estimation charts: Schour and Massler, Ubelaker and the London Atlas.
Venue: American journal of physical anthropology
Year: 2014

Dental age estimation charts are frequently used to assess maturity and estimate age. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of estimating age of three dental development charts (Schour and Massler, Ubelaker, and the London Atlas) The test sample was skeletal remains and dental radiographs of known age individuals (N 1,506, prenatal to 23.94 years) Dental age was estimated using charts of Schour and Massler, Ubelaker, and The London Atlas. Dental and chronological ages were compared using a paired t test for the three methods. The absolute mean difference between dental and chronological age was calculated. Results show that all three methods under estimated age but the London Atlas performed better than Schour and Massler and Ubelaker in all measures. The mean difference for Schour and Massler and Ubelaker was 0.76 and 0.80 years (SD 1.27 year, N 1,227) respectively and for the London Atlas was 0.10 year (SD 0.97 year, N 1,429) Further analysis by age category showed similar accuracy for all three methods for individuals younger than 1 year. For ages 1 18, the mean difference between dental and chronological ages was significant (P 0.05) for Schour and Massler and Ubelaker and not significant (P 0.05) for the London Atlas for most age categories. These findings show that the London Atlas performs better than Schour and Massler and Ubelaker and represents a substantial improvement in accuracy of dental age estimation from developing teeth.
THE SAGA OF FOOD SECURITY IN WEST BENGAL
Venue: International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH
Year: 2020

Undivided Bengal in India was struck by series of famines during the pre colonial and colonial periods. In post partition era though there is no record of famine, starvation and malnutrition are not unknown in West Bengal among the people lying below the poverty line. Lacunae in the public distribution system might be one major hurdle. Implementation of several welfare programs and National Food Security Act, 2013 seems to be conducive to control the menace of starvation. But the concept of food security has been deduced to food grain security only without any provision of protein, minerals and vitamins, the essential ingredients of nutrition. Nutrition of mothers, children and senior citizens along with male bias of nutrition all are in question now. Throughout India while farmers are living in debt from hand to mouth, agriculture is no more a lucrative occupation. Several measures have been introduced to combat such a disastrous situation viz. efficient storage and marketing system, loan waiver, bank transfer of grant in aid, minimum support price and efficient public distribution system, apart from targeted nutrition schemes. But no one can be considered as effective action so far to break the ice.
Promocion de interacciones familiares por medio de la estrategia cuenta cuentos y su incidencia en el desarrollo del lenguaje de ninos de 3 a 4 anos de la Escuela de Educacion Basica "Zulima Vaca Rivera" del canton Pasaje
Year: 2020

En este trabajo se presenta la sistematizacion de una intervencion psicoeducativa que fomenta las interacciones familiares a traves de la lectura de cuentos para impulsar el desarrollo del lenguaje de ninos en etapa preescolar. Esta intervencion psicoeducativa esta enfocada a ninos y ninas de 3 a 4 anos de la Escuela de Educacion Basica "Zulima Vaca Rivera" del canton Pasaje, cuyos favorecidos directos fueron 16 ninos, conducidos de sus padres o representantes legales. La investigacion surge de un analisis situacional de los estudiantes, al observar que habia una limitada interaccion entre ninos y padres para estimular el desarrollo del lenguaje, lo que se traducia en un leve retraso en este aspecto. Para verificar las conjeturas, se compilo investigaciones de varios autores relacionados a la tematica y se empleo algunos instrumentos en un estudio diagnostico. A partir de esta indagacion se diseno e implemento una estrategia pedagogica para fortalecer las interacciones familiares a traves de la lectura de cuentos a los ninos, para desarrollar el lenguaje. La experiencia se sistematizo por medio de una evaluacion del proceso, de los efectos y del impacto de la estrategia implementada. Los resultados dan cuenta de un aporte significativo de la propuesta y una alta valoracion por parte de los cuidadores participantes
Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine
Venue: Front. Pharmacol.
Year: 2019

Red yeast rice (RYR) a Chinese traditional folk medicine produced by the fermentation of cooked rice kernels with a Monascaceae mold, Monascus purpureus, has long been used to treat blood circulation stasis, indigestion, diarrhea, and limb weakness in East Asian countries. This article provides a systematic review of the traditional uses, chemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of RYR to highlight its future prospects in the field of medicine. The literature reviewed for this article was obtained from the Web of Science, Elsevier, SciFinder, PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, published prior to July 2019. More than 101 chemical constituents have been isolated from RYR, mainly consisting of monacolins, pigments, organic acids, sterols, decalin derivatives, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and other compounds. Crude extracts of RYR, as well as its isolated compounds, possess broad pharmacological properties with hypolipidemic, anti atherosclerotic, anti cancer, neurocytoprotective, anti osteoporotic, anti fatigue, anti diabetic, and anti hypertensive activities. However, further studies are needed to characterize its diverse chemical constituents and the toxicological actions of the main bioactive compounds. New pharmacological trials addressing the overlooked traditional uses of RYR, such as in the treatment of indigestion and diarrhea, are required.
Field master equation theory of the self excited Hawkes process
Year: 2020

A field theoretical framework is developed for the Hawkes self excited point process with arbitrary memory kernels by embedding the original non Markovian one dimensional dynamics onto a Markovian infinite dimensional one. The corresponding Langevin dynamics of the field variables is given by stochastic partial differential equations that are Markovian. This is in contrast to the Hawkes process, which is non Markovian (in general) by construction as a result of its (long) memory kernel. We derive the exact solutions of the Lagrange Charpit equations for the hyperbolic master equations in the Laplace representation in the steady state, close to the critical point of the Hawkes process. The critical condition of the original Hawkes process is found to correspond to a transcritical bifurcation in the Lagrange Charpit equations. We predict a power law scaling of the PDF of the intensities in an intermediate asymptotics regime, which crosses over to an asymptotic exponential function beyond a characteristic intensity that diverges as the critical condition is approached. We also discuss the formal relationship between quantum field theories and our formulation. Our field theoretical framework provides a way to tackle complex generalisation of the Hawkes process, such as nonlinear Hawkes processes previously proposed to describe the multifractal properties of earthquake seismicity and of financial volatility.