nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning New Grammatical Structures in Task Based Language Learning: The Effects of Recasts and Prompts
Year: 2015

In the present study, we examine the effects of prompts and recasts on the acquisition of two new and different grammar structures in a task based learning environment. Sixty four 14 year old 9th grade students (low intermediate) learning German as a foreign language were randomly assigned to three conditions: two experimental groups (one receiving prompts, the other recasts) and a control group. The study involves two subsequent interventions: The first targeted a complex structure, dative case after a preposition; the second a simple structure, comparatives. Pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests included written and oral accuracy as well as oral fluency. Statistical comparisons on both written and oral posttests showed that prompts and recasts were effective, when compared to the control group, with prompts being superior to recasts. Furthermore, the effect of recasts depended on the structure: Recasts were more effective for the comparative than for the dative on written accuracy.
Simulated microgravity, Mars gravity, and 2g hypergravity affect cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and epigenetics in Arabidopsis cell cultures
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2018

Gravity is the only component of Earth environment that remained constant throughout the entire process of biological evolution. However, it is still unclear how gravity affects plant growth and development. In this study, an in vitro cell culture of Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to different altered gravity conditions, namely simulated reduced gravity (simulated microgravity, simulated Mars gravity) and hypergravity (2g) to study changes in cell proliferation, cell growth, and epigenetics. The effects after 3, 14, and 24 hours of exposure were evaluated. The most relevant alterations were found in the 24 hour treatment, being more significant for simulated reduced gravity than hypergravity. Cell proliferation and growth were uncoupled under simulated reduced gravity, similarly, as found in meristematic cells from seedlings grown in real or simulated microgravity. The distribution of cell cycle phases was changed, as well as the levels and gene transcription of the tested cell cycle regulators. Ribosome biogenesis was decreased, according to levels and gene transcription of nucleolar proteins and the number of inactive nucleoli. Furthermore, we found alterations in the epigenetic modifications of chromatin. These results show that altered gravity effects include a serious disturbance of cell proliferation and growth, which are cellular functions essential for normal plant development.
Current cloud scenario review and cost optimization by efficient resource provisioning
Venue: Bangalore Compute Conf.
Year: 2011

Cloud computing promises to deliver cost saving through the "pay as you use" paradigm. The focus is on adding computing resources when needed and releasing them when the need is serviced. Since cloud computing relies on providing computing power through multiple interconnected computers, there is a paradigm shift from one large machine to a combination of multiple smaller machine instances. In this paper, we review the current cloud computing scenario and provide a set of recommendations that can be used for designing custom applications suited for cloud deployment. We also present a comparative study on the change in cost incurred while using different combinations of machine instances for running an application on cloud; and derive the case for optimal cost.
Extension of the IEEE 802.11ah ns 3 simulation module
Venue: WNS3 '18
Year: 2018

IEEE 802.11ah, marketed as Wi Fi HaLow, is a new Wi Fi standard for sub 1Ghz communications, aiming to address the major challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) namely connectivity among a large number of densely deployed power constrained stations. The standard was only published in May 2017 and hardware supporting Wi Fi HaLow is not available on the market yet. As such, research on 802.11ah has been mostly based on mathematical and simulation models. Mathematical models generally introduce several simplifications and assumptions, which do not faithfully reflect real network conditions. As a solution, we previously developed an IEEE 802.11ah module for ns 3, publicly released in 2016. This initial release consisted of physical layer models for sub 1GHz communications and an implementation of the fast association and Restricted Access Window (RAW) channel access method. In this paper, we present an extension to our IEEE 802.11ah simulator. It contains several new features: an online RAW configuration interface, an energy state model, adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and Traffic Indication Map (TIM) segmentation. This paper presents the details of our implementation, along with experimental results to validate each new feature. The extended Wi Fi HaLow module can now support different scenarios with both uplink and downlink heterogeneous traffic, together with real time RAW optimization, sleep management for energy conservation and adaptive MCS.
Thwart eavesdropping attacks on network communication based on moving target defense
Venue: 2016 IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC)
Year: 2016

This paper addresses mainly the problem of private data protection in network communication against eavesdropping attacks. As this kind of attacks is stealthy and untraceable, it is barely detectable for those feature detection or static configuration based passive defense approaches. We propose a Moving Target Defense(MTD) method by utilizing the protocol customization ability of Protocol Oblivious Forwarding (POF) The novel full protocol stack randomization MTD can greatly increase the difficulty of implementing network eavesdropping attack and protect the privacy of the network communication process.
Youth Violence and Social Media
Year: 2017

India is a country of youths. These youth are so involved with their virtual life that the boundary between real and reel has become quite thin. They share all their emotions of love and hate, aggression and violence over these social media platforms. These youngsters regularly find themselves in a violent virtual space that has negatively influenced their daily real life. This paper tries to understand young people's attitudes and behaviour over social media platforms and attempts to explain the social media as an uncontrolled and violent platform for the youths. Structured questionnaire survey method has been used to understand the behaviour of the youths. It has been found that cyberbullying has become a very negative part of the social media life of these youngsters. The real life street violence has transformed into cyber crime and cyber bullying. Youngsters, who have been victimised earlier, are also actively participating in the social media violence. Proper education and awareness need to be encouraged in the schools and colleges.
Intestinal microbiome and fitness in kidney disease
Venue: Nature Reviews Nephrology
Year: 2019

Environmental changes can induce diversity shifts within ecosystems that affect interactions between species. Similarly, the development of kidney disease induces shifts within the ecosystem of the intestinal microbiome, affecting host physiology and fitness. Renal failure itself, together with related changes in diet and medication, alters the microbiota and its secretome of micronutrients, nutrients and regulatory metabolites towards a phenotype characterized by the production of uraemic toxins, hence contributing to the clinical syndrome of uraemia and its complications. These alterations are associated with structural changes in the intestinal wall that impair barrier function and cause leakage of bacterial metabolites, bacterial wall products and live bacteria into the circulation. Thus, the intestinal microbiota represents a new therapeutic target to improve outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including symptoms of uraemia, metabolic changes, cardiovascular complications, aberrant immunity and disease progression. Initial interventional studies have shown promising effects of unselective probiotic preparations on kidney inflammation and uraemia in patients with CKD but longer term studies are needed. Here, we take an ecological approach to understand the role of the intestinal microbiota in determining survival fitness in kidney disease.The microbiome is increasingly recognized as an element that contributes to health and disease. Here, the authors take an ecological approach to describe the impact of factors related to chronic kidney disease on the fitness of different physiological systems and the effects of these changes on microbiota composition. pointsThe intestinal microbiota is a highly versatile ecosystem that contributes to host physiological processes, including intestinal barrier integrity, immunological fitness and metabolic fitness, and responds dynamically to intrinsic and extrinsic challenges.Crosstalk between the gut microbial ecosystem and human physiological systems is context dependent; nutrient intake and drug therapy are the most important exogenous modifiers of this crosstalk.CKD can induce changes in both the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) with consequences for various physiological processes.CKD and related changes in the microbiota impair intestinal barrier fitness and promote translocation of bacterial components into the circulation, which impairs immunological fitness by driving persistent systemic inflammation and immune paralysis.CKD and related changes in the microbiota also impair metabolic and cardiovascular fitness by secreting metabolites that favour insulin resistance, obesity, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular ageing.Faecal transplantation, specific microorganism targeted interventions or the use of prebiotics, probiotics or dietary interventions are potential strategies to correct or manipulate CKD related changes in the intestinal microbiota that contribute to uraemia, as well as the progression of CKD and CKD complications.
Peripheral synucleinopathy in a DJ1 patient with Parkinson disease, cataracts, and hearing loss
Venue: Neurology
Year: 2019

Whereas Parkinson disease (PD) is usually sporadic, PD with onset under 50 years old can be associated with genetic abnormalities, including rare biallelic mutations in the DJ1 gene (PARK7).1 The DJ1 phenotype is incompletely described and has been presumed to be similar to the Parkin (PARK2) phenotype, in which atypical clinical features are usually absent, and, in contrast to idiopathic PD, synucleinopathy is lacking and olfaction  Whether DJ1 patients have peripheral synucleinopathy and olfactory dysfunction has been unknown.
The Role of Satellite Zigbee Technology in Flood Monitoring and Communication System
Year: 2017

India is facing a severe provocation with an increasing frequency of flood nowadays. It is pivotal to utilize the state of the art sensing and communication technologies to monitor and detect the flood occurrences. In this paper, various weather monitoring techniques have been reviewed. The system displays these readings in real time on a display. It also keeps track of historical information on an hourly and daily basis. The historical data can be pulled up on the display at the request of the user. Various techniques are used to monitor the weather like satellites, radars, microcontrollers, wireless sensor network and many other simple instruments. Weather can also be monitored by using remote wireless sensors. In this system we use ZigBee technology. ZigBee is the latest wireless weather monitoring techniques. The vital role of the designed satellite ZigBee technology in flood monitoring and communication system is based on Mobile App. This Mobile App is used to communicate with the people during flood times and is to continuously monitor, detect and report the environmental status to a control unit using water level sensor, satellite ZigBee and the readings are displayed in it. The main objective of this project is to rescue the people who are present in flood areas by sending and receiving the messages using this Mobile App. This system was developed using Embedded C language with the help of Proteus software. The developed system gives a timely alert of flood occurrences. The proposed system can be beneficial to the neighborhood and act as a precautionary action to save lives and properties of the people in the case of flood times.
2D crust upper mantle velocity structure along a seismic section in Nanling, South China
Year: 2020

<p>#160; #160; There exists an important polymetallic ore belt&#160;in Nanling of the southeastern China. Previous studies suggest that the mineralization of Nanling is probably related to the bottom intrusion of magmatic rocks in the late Mesozoic. In this study, a natural seismic section was installed by using 81 portable stations with an interval of 5 km from July 2017 to August 2019, which runs across the Nanling belt in the south of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. As a result, we have picked up 3,818 relative residual data from 215 teleseismic events with magnitude greater than 5.5. And we have applied the teleseismic full waveform tomography and the teleseismic travel time tomography to study the crust and the mantle velocity structure beneath the Nanling metallogenic belt, respectively. Our preliminary results show that: (1) a clear low velocity anomaly exists in the crust beneath the Zhenghe Dapu fault and its&#160;east side, which might be related to the rich ore deposits in Nanling; (2) some high velocity anomalies in the uppermost mantle beneath the Wuyi metallogenic belt may be relevant to the igneous rock cooling and the lithospheric thickening; (3) there are obvious low velocity anomalies at the upper mantle beneath the Wuyi and Nanling metallogenic belts, which are speculated to be hot materials from asthenosphere upwelling into the bottom of the lithosphere. Our results provide a new insight for investigating the deep structures and deep dynamic processes of Nanling tectonic belt./p>
Dental plaque bacteria with reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine are multidrug resistant
Venue: BMC Microbiology
Year: 2016

BackgroundChlorhexidine (CHX) is used in oral care products to help control dental plaque. In this study dental plaque bacteria were grown on media containing 2 mg/ml chlorhexidine gluconate to screen for bacteria with reduced CHX susceptibility. The isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and antibiotic resistance profiles were determined using the disc diffusion method.ResultsThe isolates were variably resistant to multiple drugs including ampicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin and tetracycline. Two species, Chryseobacterium culicis and Chryseobacterium indologenes were able to grow planktonically and form biofilms in the presence of 32 mg/ml CHX. In the CHX and multidrug resistant C. indologenes we demonstrated a 19 fold up regulation of expression of the HlyD like periplasmic adaptor protein of a tripartite efflux pump upon exposure to 16 mg/ml CHX suggesting that multidrug resistance may be mediated by this system. Exposure of biofilms of these resistant species to undiluted commercial CHX mouthwash for intervals from 5 to 60 s indicated that the mouthwash was unlikely to eliminate them from dental plaque in vivo.ConclusionsThe study highlights the requirement for increased vigilance of the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria in dental plaque and raises a potential risk of long term use of oral care products containing antimicrobial agents for the control of dental plaque.
Intervening in domestic violence and training of professionals in social services and health care and the police Evaluation of the EPRAS project
Year: 2019

Domestic violence is a major societal and social problem in Finland, higher than in some other Western countries.Violence significantly affects the daily lives and wellbeing of individuals, families and communities. Domestic violence causes physical and mental suffering as well as financial and social problems to the subjects, but also to those who witness violence, such as children and adolescents who observe violence against their parents. Moreover, domestic violence causes significant costs and resource needs especially in the health and social care sectors, in the police and the legal system, and in the field of education. Research shows that instead of properly intervening in violence, it is often ignored and therefore it also continues. To some extent, this explains the high figures in international comparisons and statistics, as well as prolonged spirals of violence. In the 2000s, new practices and action models have been developed for intervening in domestic violence, and research on the topic has increased both nationally and internationally. However, the work against violence has been challenging because, for example, it has been difficult to integrate the developed models into the structures and institutional practices of organisations. Furthermore, the work and research on violence are mainly project based, an approach which only allows a short term perspective. Additional challenges for the work include insecure funding, insufficient training on domestic violence provided for the professionals of different fields, and the attitudes towards domestic violence as well as dissenting views on the significance of the problem and on the means to address it. The Enhancing Professional Skills and Raising Awareness on Domestic Violence, Violence against Women and Shelter Services (EPRAS) project funded for the years 2017 2019 under the EU's Rights, Equality Citizenship programme focused on encounters with and interventions on domestic violence particularly from the perspectives of the social and health care sectors and the police. The project was coordinated by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) and implemented by the University of Jyvaskyla (in charge of assessment and research) in cooperation with the Police University College. The project developed an online training programme (Luo luottamusta Puutu vakivaltaan Create trust Stop the violence) which is Finland's first free, publicly accessible training package on domestic vio
Mobile Banking in Russia: User Intention towards Adoption
Year: 2015

Mobile banking is currently one of the most dynamic and rapid growth types of distance banking services. In recent years in Russia, the number of individual bank accounts that can be accessed remotely using mobile devices has increased by more than 20 times. With every year, an increasing number of banks offer mobile banking services. Nevertheless, the popularity of mobile banking applications is lower than the popularity of other banking services. Thus the problem of mobile banking adoption by customers remains an extremely important problem. This paper analyses foreign surveys on the incentives for using mobile banking. The model developed by the authors is based on well known theoretical and empirical approaches and takes into account particular features of Russia's economy and society. As a theoretical basis, we use the most widespread theories about technology acceptance and innovation diffusion. Using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, we verified that the key incentives for using mobile banking by mobile Internet users are perceived usefulness and perceived efforts. Our results confirm those of most similar foreign surveys. Our findings also have 'real world' significance as they may help financial institutions better understand the latest developments of mobile banking in Russia.
Scalable learning for bridging the species gap in image based plant phenotyping
Venue: Comput. Vis. Image Underst.
Year: 2020

The traditional paradigm of applying deep learning collect, annotate and train on data is not applicable to image based plant phenotyping as almost 400,000 different plant species exists. Data costs include growing physical samples, imaging and labelling them. Model performance is impacted by the species gap between the domain of each plant species, it is not generalisable and may not transfer to unseen plant species. In this paper, we investigate the use of synthetic data for leaf instance segmentation. We study multiple synthetic data training regimes using Mask RCNN when few or no annotated real data is available. We also present UPGen: a Universal Plant Generator for bridging the species gap. UPGen leverages domain randomisation to produce widely distributed data samples and models stochastic biological variation. Our methods outperform standard practices, such as transfer learning from publicly available plant data, by 26.6% and 51.46% on two unseen plant species respectively. We benchmark UPGen by competing in the CVPPP Leaf Segmentation Challenge and set a new state of the art, a mean of 88% across A1 4 test datasets. This study is applicable to use of synthetic data for automating the measurement of phenotypic traits. Our synthetic dataset and pretrained model are available at https:/csiro robotics.github.io/UPGen_Webpage/
Medication adherence in Alzheimer's disease: The mediator role of mindfulness.
Venue: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics
Year: 2016

Medication adherence is often assessed based on compliance to the dosage and frequency of physician's prescription. Cognitive impairment is one of the biggest barriers in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who are usually polymedicated with different oral drugs. Transdermal drug delivery, also requires mobility abilities, reinforcing the role of patients' caregivers.  To evaluate the relationship between psychological variables such as social support, family satisfaction, psychological morbidity, awareness of the disease, coping, mindfulness and medication adherence, in patients with AD, taking in consideration the patient's perspective.  Cross sectional and quantitative study including 128 patients with mild AD.  Medication adherence showed a positive relationship with social support, mindfulness, family satisfaction and awareness of the disease. Mindfulness was a mediator in the relationship between awareness of the disease and medication adherence.  This study reinforces the importance of psychological assessment in medication adherence in mild AD patients, specially the role of mindfulness. Intervention programs to promote mindfulness may have a potential dual benefit, preserving cognitive skills and promoting medication adherence.