nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Supply Chain Management in Competitiveness of Information and Communication Technologies
Year: 2019

The article analyzes the state of international and domestic competitiveness of US companies in the field of information and communication technologies, focuses on key segments of the US national competitiveness in ICT based on the supply chain management (SCM) the issues of confrontation with the companies of China and Japan in this field are considered; the issues related to the support of the national competitiveness of the USA by the government on the federal and local levels to enhance the national competitiveness of the United States as a sphere that is also related to ensuring national security of the country in the current conditions of forming a polycentric configuration of the world community are analyzed.
Analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine contents in seized tablets from Jazan, Saudi Arabia by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC MS/MS) and chemometric techniques
Venue: Saudi pharmaceutical journal SPJ the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
Year: 2020

A number of illegal amphetamine tablets were seized from three different cities of Jazan province of southern Saudi Arabia and were analyzed for amphetamine and methamphetamine contents using LC MS/MS technique. Analyses were performed using a previously reported method taking 0.1 M ammonium formate buffer (85% and 15% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase with a total runtime of 12 min. This method was successfully applied for the routine analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine in the seized tablets using amphetamine D5 and methamphetamine D5 as internal standards. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to establish the similarity between samples. The retention times (RT) for internal standard, amphetamine and methamphetamine were observed to be within 6.0 7.1 min. Ten tablet samples from each city were subjected to analysis and the amount of amphetamine in all the samples were found to be in the range of 9.07 14.77 mg, whereas, the amount of methamphetamine ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 mg in each tablet. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed presence of five clusters of samples indicating different characteristics and possible sources of amphetamine tablets. The largest cluster consisted of 15 samples which are expected to be of the same origin. Both amphetamine and methamphetamine are considered to be illegal products and their illegal trade and use is banned in many countries including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, there is an urgent need of strict regulations worldwide to check the illicit trafficking of these psychoactive substances and should be considered on priority.
Oxygen vacancy levels on gadolinia doped ceria interlayer deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet for solid oxide fuel cells
Year: 2018

The oxygen vacancy levels as a factor on different gadolinia doped ceria interlayer (GDCi) films deposited on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte substrates by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) via precursor solution of nitrate salts are investigated. Focusing on the effect of carrier gases, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Raman, and X ray diffraction (XRD) are implemented for the materials characterization of the as deposited GDCi films and sintered GDCi films at various temperatures. The higher level of oxygen vacancies in GDCi films adhered on 8YSZ electrolyte are evidently analyzed using Ar as the carrier gas during the deposition, of which the interdiffusion resulted in the formation of (GDC YSZ) solid solution for sintering over 1300 degC degraded the total conductivity. The deposition of GDCi films on 8YSZ by APPJ method using O2 carrier gas significantly improved the total conductivities of the whole electrolyte layers. Moreover, this study provides the useful insight into the oxygen vacancy levels on GDC films as interlayer (GDCi) to improve the values of open circuit voltage in LSM/GDCi/YSZ/Pt full cell, as well as offering the efficiency of APPJ as one step deposition process.
Smart Grids with Intelligent Periphery: An Architecture for the Energy Internet
Year: 2015

A future smart grid must fulfill the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offices, and factories and share it with each other. Electric vehicles and local energy storage will be widely deployed. Internet technology will be utilized to transform the power grid into an energy sharing inter grid. To prepare for the future, a smart grid with intelligent periphery, or smart GRIP, is proposed. The building blocks of GRIP architecture are called clusters and include an energy management system (EMS) controlled transmission grid in the core and distribution grids, micro grids, and smart buildings and homes on the periphery; all of which are hierarchically structured. The layered architecture of GRIP allows a seamless transition from the present to the future and plug and play interoperability. The basic functions of a cluster consist of 1 dispatch, 2 smoothing, and 3 mitigation. A risk limiting dispatch methodology is presented; a new device, called the electric spring, is developed for smoothing out fluctuations in periphery clusters; and means to mitigate failures are discussed.
Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
Venue: RFC
Year: 2007

This document describes the frame format for transmission of IPv6 packets and the method of forming IPv6 link local addresses and statelessly autoconfigured addresses on IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Additional specifications include a simple header compression scheme using shared context and provisions for packet delivery in IEEE 802.15.4 meshes.
Morphological and molecular description of Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus Amin, Heckmann Ha, 2011 (Acanthocephala, Rhadinorhynchidae) from marine fish off the Pacific coast of Vietnam
Venue: Parasite
Year: 2019

Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus Amin, Heckmann Ha, 2011 (Rhadinorhynchidae) was described from a single female collected from a trigger fish, Balistes sp. (Balistidae) from the northern Pacific coast of Vietnam in Halong Bay, Gulf of Tonkin. More recent collections of fishes in 2016 and 2017 revealed wider host and geographical distributions. We report this Acanthocephala from nine species of fish representing six families (including the original record from Balistes sp. along the whole Pacific coast of Vietnam. The fish species are Alectis ciliaris (Carangidae) Auxis rochei (Scombridae) Auxis thazard (Scombridae) Leiognathus equulus (Leiognathidae) Lutjanus bitaeniatus (Lutjanidae) Megalaspis cordyla (Carangidae) Nuchequula flavaxilla (Leiognathidae) and Tylosurus sp. (Belonidae) We provide a complete description of males and females of R. laterospinosus, discuss its hook metal microanalysis using EDAX, and its micropores. Specimens of this species characteristically have lateral trunk spines bridging the anterior ring of spines with posterior field of ventral spines and a proboscis with 15 19 longitudinal alternating rows of 21 26 hooks each varying with host species. We demonstrate the effect of host species on the distribution and size of the trunk, proboscis, proboscis hooks, trunk spines, and reproductive structures. The molecular profile of this acanthocephalan, based on 18S rDNA and cox1 genes, groups with other Rhadinorhynchus species and further seems to confirm the paraphyly of the genus, which is discussed.
Empleo de Ciclodextrina Glucosiltransferasa en la obtencion de diversos productos derivados del almidon
Year: 2012

El almidon es un polisacarido producido en forma abundante en el reino vegetal. Muchas bacterias que lo emplean como fuente de carbono y de energia, liberan al medio extracelular enzimas capaces de transformar este compuesto de gran tamano en moleculas pequenas para ser asimiladas. Una de estas proteinas, la Ciclodextrina Glucosiltransferasa (CGTasa, E.C.2.4.1.19) es una enzima multifuncional que cataliza la bioconversion del almidon y compuestos relacionados en ciclodextrinas (CD) maltooligosacaridos lineales (MOS) y dextrinas limite. La accion de esta enzima es compleja dado que cataliza diferentes reacciones: transglucosilacion intramolecular que conduce a la produccion de CD; transglucosilacion intermolecular, que puede ocurrir entre una CD y un MOS de cadena corta que actua como aceptor dando lugar a la reaccion de acoplamiento, o entre MOS, que conduce a la reaccion de desproporcion. Ademas, presenta una ligera actividad de hidrolisis. Aunque las CD son los productos de mayor interes, los demas productos tambien tienen aplicacion industrial y las condiciones para su obtencion han sido escasamente investigadas. Las CD son oligosacaridos ciclicos formados por entre 6 y 8 residuos de glucosa. Presentan una estructura de cono truncado, con su cavidad intema hidrofobica y su superficie extema hidrofilica. Son capaces de encapsular total o parcialmente diferentes moleculas, modificando de esta forma las propiedades fisicoquimicas del compuesto hospedado. Debido a esta propiedad, son empleadas en areas muy diversas y con distintos fines. Los MOS son fragmentos del almidon formados por moleculas de D glucopiranosa unidas por enlaces a 1,4 con un grado de polimerizacion menor a 20. La Union Internacional de Quimica Pura y Aplicada los define como polimeros de entre 3 y 10 monosacaridos. Sin embargo, moleculas con DP de hasta 20 25 son a menudo incluidas como MOS. Son mezclas con diversas aplicaciones en la industria de alimentos y farmaceutica, dependiendo de su composicion especifica.
What causes sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction?
Venue: European heart journal
Year: 2019

Sudden death characterizes the mode of demise in 30 50% of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction. Occasionally, these events have an identifiable pathophysiological trigger, e.g. myocardial infarction, catecholamine surges, or electrolyte imbalances, but in most circumstances, there is no acute precipitating mechanism. Instead, adverse left ventricular remodelling and fibrosis creates an exceptionally fragile and highly vulnerable substrate, which can be characterized using the model developed in theoretical physics of 'self organizing criticality' This framework has been applied to describe the genesis of avalanches, nodes of traffic congestion unrelated to an accident, the abrupt system wide failure of electrical grids, and the initiation of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Self organizing criticality within the ventricular myocardium relies on complex adaptations to progressive stress and stretch, which evolve inevitably to an abrupt end (termed 'cascading failure' even though the rate of deterioration of the underlying disease process has not changed. The result is acute circulatory collapse (i.e. sudden death) in the absence of an identifiable triggering event. Cascading failure in a severely remodelled or fibrotic heart can become manifest electrically as a first time ventricular tachyarrhythmia that is responsive to the shock delivered by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) Alternatively, it may present as an acute mechanical failure, which is manifest as (i) asystole, bradyarrhythmia, or electromechanical dissociation; or (ii) incessant ventricular fibrillation that persists despite repetitive ICD discharges; in both instances, the sudden deaths cannot be prevented by an ICD. This conceptual framework explains why anti remodelling and antifibrotic interventions (i.e. neurohormonal antagonists and cardiac resynchronization) reduce the risk of sudden death in patients with heart failure in the absence of an ICD and provide incremental benefits in those with an ICD. The adoption of anti remodelling and antifibrotic treatments may explain why the incidence of sudden death in clinical trials of heart failure has declined dramatically over the past 10 15 years, independent of the use of ICDs.
Ecological Economics
Venue: Australian Journal of Environmental Education
Year: 2020

was implemented achieved the set goals. Ecotourism offers an environmentally responsible way to manage resources in a globalised world where the overproduction of goods and services is an obstacle to biodiversity. Ecotourism is also a marketable buzzword. Chapter 3 explores the relevance of ecotourism to biodiversity conservation and its rollout in countries such as Costa Rica and Colombia. Chapter 4 looks at the innovation of integrating hands on environmental education and ecotourism. Chapter 5 discusses the philosophy and values of ecotourism and its links to environmental education. These topics are swiftly covered before a discussion of protected habitats and biodiversity conservation in Chapter 6 and, a topic close to my heart, Indigenous stewardship, education and ecotourism in Chapter 7. The philosophical leanings of the authors towards valuing and upskilling local knowledge in ecotourism development is reiterated in Chapter 8, which discusses the social, economic and ecological impacts of tourism. Turning to wetland restoration and protection, Chapter 9 discusses the potential role of environmental education and ecotourism to remedy the immense wetland loss worldwide, which has been due to the expansion of human settlements, agriculture and silviculture. A primary reason wetlands are a unique site for environmental education programs and ecotourism is that only 40 50% of wetlands worldwide remain. Novel biodiversity education initiatives and ecotourism ventures could inject new drive into the Convention on Wetlands, an intergovernmental treaty initially adopted in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran. Speaking from firsthand experience, Ramirez and Santana highlight the transformative, ground breaking and emotionally laden experiences wetland locations offer to students and visitors. One of the most commendable features of this book is the breadth of examples from Latin America brought to an English speaking audience. The philosophy of environmental education is dominated byWestern perspectives, but Ramirez and Santana strongly advocate the exploration and engagement of Indigenous knowledge, attitudes and practices in conservation and ecotourism efforts. A more systematic, structured and well signposted approach to presenting evidence, theory and argument would make the take home messages of this book more coherent, hard hitting and persuasive. Examples leap, from Monarch butterflies in Mexico to wildlife conservation in Nepal, with little segue between. A little effort on the behalf of the reader to source the primary references, however, will make this book highly rewarding for those looking to understand the growth of conservation education and ecotourism over the last 25 years.
Impuesto de Sociedades: Deducibilidad como gasto de los intereses de demora derivados de una liquidacion de la Inspeccion: doctrina del TEAC y analisis de la cuestion en la nueva LIS
Year: 2015

El TEAC, inspirandose en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo (basicamente, la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 25 de febrero de 2010) entiende que los intereses de demora derivados de un acta de inspeccion no son fiscalmente deducibles, ya que si bien los intereses de demora tienen naturaleza indemnizatoria, no es un gasto necesario para obtener los beneficios derivados de la utilizacion de capitales ajenos. Ademas resulta acorde con el principio general de la no admisibilidad de que para obtener ingresos sean necesarios gastos que deriven de una infraccion de ley. Por ello, como presupuesto previo e ineludible para determinar si un gasto es o no fiscalmente deducible, se exige que el gasto no este prohibido normativamente o que derive de un acto ilicito; de suerte que resulta inutil entrar a examinar fiscalmente la fiscalidad del gasto si procede del incumplimiento de una norma, por prohibicion o por contravencion. El autor considera improcedente la resolucion por cuanto desde 1996 (la sentencia del TS afecta a periodos impositivos anteriores) desaparece el concepto de gasto necesario y su deducibilidad se admite segun criterio reiterado de la DGT. Se abordan los posibles efectos en la interpretacion de la Ley 27/2014.
Newspaper Closures Polarize Voting Behavior
Year: 2018

Changes to the media environment have increased polarized voting in America through both addition and subtraction. We argue that the decline of local newspapers has contributed to the nationalization of American politics: as local newspapers close, Americans should rely more heavily on available national news or partisan heuristics to make political decisions. We assess the impact of newspaper closure on polarized voting, using genetic matching to compare counties that are statistically similar on the observables but for the loss of a local newspaper. We identify a small but significant causal decrease in split ticket voting in presidential and senatorial elections in these matched communities: in areas where a newspaper closes, split ticket voting decreases by 1.9 percent.
Entropy Generation and Consequences of Binary Chemical Reaction on MHD Darcy Forchheimer Williamson Nanofluid Flow Over Non Linearly Stretching Surface
Venue: Entropy
Year: 2020

The current article aims to present a numerical analysis of MHD Williamson nanofluid flow maintained to flow through porous medium bounded by a non linearly stretching flat surface. The second law of thermodynamics was applied to analyze the fluid flow, heat and mass transport as well as the aspects of entropy generation using Buongiorno model. Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion is considered which appears due to the concentration and random motion of nanoparticles in base fluid, respectively. Uniform magnetic effect is induced but the assumption of tiny magnetic Reynolds number results in zero magnetic induction. The governing equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriately adjusted transformations. The numerical method is used for solving the so formulated highly nonlinear problem. The graphical presentation of results highlights that the heat flux receives enhancement for augmented Brownian diffusion. The Bejan number is found to be increasing with a larger Weissenberg number. The tabulated results for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are given. A decent agreement is noted in the results when compared with previously published literature on Williamson nanofluids.
Adaptation required to preserve future high end river flood risk at present levels
Venue: Science Advances
Year: 2018

United States and Europe must adapt to climate induced river flood risk at same level as India, Indonesia, and parts of Africa. Earth's surface temperature will continue to rise for another 20 to 30 years even with the strongest carbon emission reduction currently considered. The associated changes in rainfall patterns can result in an increased flood risk worldwide. We compute the required increase in flood protection to keep high end fluvial flood risk at present levels. The analysis is carried out worldwide for subnational administrative units. Most of the United States, Central Europe, and Northeast and West Africa, as well as large parts of India and Indonesia, require the strongest adaptation effort. More than half of the United States needs to at least double their protection within the next two decades. Thus, the need for adaptation to increased river flood is a global problem affecting industrialized regions as much as developing countries.
DRILL: Micro Load Balancing for Low latency Data Center Networks
Venue: SIGCOMM
Year: 2017

The trend towards simple datacenter network fabric strips most network functionality, including load balancing, out of the network core and pushes it to the edge. This slows reaction to microbursts, the main culprit of packet loss in datacenters. We investigate the opposite direction: could slightly smarter fabric significantly improve load balancing? This paper presents DRILL, a datacenter fabric for Clos networks which performs micro load balancing to distribute load as evenly as possible on microsecond timescales. DRILL employs per packet decisions at each switch based on local queue occupancies and randomized algorithms to distribute load. Our design addresses the resulting key challenges of packet reordering and topological asymmetry. In simulations with a detailed switch hardware model and realistic workloads, DRILL outperforms recent edge based load balancers, particularly under heavy load. Under 80% load, for example, it achieves 1.3 1.4x lower mean flow completion time than recent proposals, primarily due to shorter upstream queues. To test hardware feasibility, we implement DRILL in Verilog and estimate its area overhead to be less than 1% Finally, we analyze DRILL's stability and throughput efficiency.
Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms: Promising Approach as Biofertilizers
Venue: International Journal of Agronomy
Year: 2019

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required for the proper functioning of plants. Because P plays a vital role in every aspect of plant growth and development, deficiencies can reduce plant growth and development. Though soil possesses total P in the form of organic and inorganic compounds, most of them remain inactive and thus unavailable to plants. Since many farmers cannot afford to use P fertilizers to reduce P deficits, alternative techniques to provide P are needed. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSMs) are a group of beneficial microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorus compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants. PSM provides an ecofriendly and economically sound approach to overcome the P scarcity and its subsequent uptake by plants. Though PSMs have been a subject of research for decades, manipulation of PSMs for making use of increasing fixed P in the soil and improving crop production at the field level has not yet been adequately commercialized. The purpose of this review is to widen the understanding of the role of PSMs in crop production as biofertilizers.
Holocene winter climate variability in Central and Eastern Europe
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2017

Among abundant reconstructions of Holocene climate in Europe, only a handful has addressed winter conditions, and most of these are restricted in length and/or resolution. Here we present a record of late autumn through early winter air temperature and moisture source changes in East Central Europe for the Holocene, based on stable isotopic analysis of an ice core recovered from a cave in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. During the past 10,000 years, reconstructed temperature changes followed insolation, with a minimum in the early Holocene, followed by gradual and continuous increase towards the mid to late Holocene peak (between 4 2 kcal BP) and finally by a decrease after 0.8 kcal BP towards a minimum during the Little Ice Age (AD 1300 1850) Reconstructed early Holocene atmospheric circulation patterns were similar to those characteristics of the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) while in the late Holocene they resembled those prevailing in the positive NAO phase. The transition between the two regimes occurred abruptly at around 4.7 kcal BP. Remarkably, the widespread cooling at 8.2 kcal BP is not seen very well as a temperature change, but as a shift in moisture source, suggesting weaker westerlies and increased Mediterranean cyclones penetrating northward at this time.