nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Using remote sensing and GIS for damage assessment after flooding, the case of Muscat, Oman after Gonu tropical cyclone 2007: Urban planning perspective
Year: 2010

1 ABSTRACT Natural Disasters occur frequently around the world, and their incidence and intensity seem to be increasing in recent years. The Disasters such as cyclones and floods often cause significant loss of life, large scale economic and social impacts, and environmental damage. For example, Cyclone Gonu was the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea, and tied for the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the northern Indian Ocean and was the strongest named cyclone in this basin. On June 5 2007 it made landfall on the eastern most tip of Oman with winds of 150 km/h (90 mph) Gonu dropped heavy rainfall near the eastern coastline, reaching up to 610 mm (24 inches) which caused flooding and heavy damage. The cyclone caused about $4 billion in damage and nearly 50 deaths in Oman, where the cyclone was considered the nation's worst natural disaster. Nowadays, we have access to data and techniques provided by remote sensing and GIS that have proven their usefulness in disaster management plan. Remote Sensing can assists in damage assessment monitoring, providing a quantitative base for relief operations. After that, it can be used to map the new situation and update the database used for the reconstruction of an area. Disaster management plan consists of two phases that takes place before disaster occurs, disaster prevention and disaster preparedness, a three phases that happens after the occurrence of a disaster i.e. disaster relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. In the disaster rehabilitation phase GIS is used to organize the damage information and the post disaster census information, and in the evaluation of sites for reconstruction. In this study, two IKONOS satellite images of Muscat, Oman have been utilized; one image before the cyclone and one after. The two images have been geometrically corrected. Change detection has been applied to identify and assess the damages. The results of this study emphasize the importance of using remote sensing and GIS in damage assessment phase as part of effective Disaster Management Plan.
Accessibility Inequality in Houston
Venue: IEEE Sensors Letters
Year: 2019

Recent research has reported that residents from different types of neighborhoods exhibit divergent patterns of urban mobility. However, these analyses have not considered the accessibility enabled by transportation networks. Furthermore, the data are typically not collected at a fine grained enough temporal resolution, which impedes upon the accurate identification of more frequently visited locations. Here, we develop a data fusion framework to integrate individuals' mobility, transportation routing, and census data to quantify urban dwellers' accessibility to their frequently visited locations. The framework has been applied to a random sample of 1000 Houstonians. The analytical results show that Houston residents visit a median of nine locations five times or more in the period of one week. Residents from primarily poor and black neighborhoods experience longer travel times compared to individuals from nonpoor and white neighborhoods when using public transit, even though their travel durations by driving are similar. The differences are problematic given that residents from poor and black neighborhoods often have lower rates of car ownership. The results indicate that urban dwellers' accessibility is strongly impacted by their neighborhood characteristics, which has implications for equitable access in urban environments.
Artificial Intelligence and its Application in Different Areas
Year: 2015

In the future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human capabilities in many areas. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is the subfield of computer science. Artificial Intelligence is becoming a popular field in computer science as it has enhanced the human life in many areas. Artificial intelligence in the last two decades has greatly improved performance of the manufacturing and service systems. Study in the area of artificial intelligence has given rise to the rapidly growing technology known as expert system. Application areas of Artificial Intelligence is having a huge impact on various fields of life as expert system is widely used these days to solve the complex problems in various areas as science, engineering, business, medicine, weather forecasting. The areas employing the technology of Artificial Intelligence have seen an increase in the quality and efficiency. This paper gives an overview of this technology and the application areas of this technology. This paper will also explore the current use of Artificial Intelligence technologies in the PSS design to damp the power system oscillations caused by interruptions, in Network Intrusion for protecting computer and communication networks from intruders, in the medical area medicine, to improve hospital inpatient care, for medical image classification, in the accounting databases to mitigate the problems of it and in the computer games.
Performance Evaluation of Classifiers Based on Stock Prediction
Venue: 2020 International Conference on Computing and Data Science (CDS)
Year: 2020

Nowadays, machine learning methods are widely used for prediction. In this paper, stock prediction performance of classifiers is evaluated. It can be concluded that the accuracy of classification is influenced by the selected algorithms as well as other factors (e.g. the input form) Besides, the appreciation of assets cannot be neglected, and using multiple categories to describe the movement of stock markets may be helpful.
Pricing Carbon: The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
Year: 2010

List of figures List of tables List of boxes List of appendices Frequently used abbreviations 1.  Origins and development of the EU ETS 3. Allowance allocation 4. Effects of free allocation 5. Market development 6. Emissions abatement 7. Industrial competitiveness 8. Costs 9. Linkage and global implications 10.  the interaction between the EU ETS and European electricity markets 12. Appendices 13. Bibliography Index.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use present knowledge and future challenges.
Venue: Journal of environmental management
Year: 2009

Intensive research on pharmaceuticals in the environment started about 15 years ago. Since then a vast amount of literature has been published. The input and presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their fate in the environment were and is still of high interest. As it has been extensively demonstrated that the active compounds are present in the environment some of the research interest has moved from analysis of the compounds, which is still undertaken, to effect studies in the lab and in field trials. It has been found that environmental concentrations can cause effects in wildlife if proper tools are applied for effect assessment. The question of mixture toxicity has gained more and more attention. It has been learned that classical tests may underestimate effects and risks. Work has been done in the field of risk assessment and risk management. As for risk management strategies to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of sewage treatment plants have been proposed and investigated. A tremendous amount of literature can now be found describing technical management measures such as oxidative or photolytic effluent treatment, filtering techniques, and application of charcoal. It has been learned however, that each of these approaches has its specific shortcomings. Therefore, additional approaches such as including people handling and using the compounds, and focusing on the properties of the compounds "green pharmacy" came into focus. Accordingly, this review gives an overview of the present state of knowledge presenting typical results and lines of discussion. This review makes no claim to give a complete overview including the full detailed body of knowledge of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Rather, it addresses important and typical topics to stimulate discussion.
Morpho molecular ex vivo detection and grading of non muscle invasive bladder cancer using forward imaging probe based multimodal optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy.
Venue: The Analyst
Year: 2019

Non muscle invasive bladder cancer affects millions of people worldwide, resulting in significant discomfort to the patient and potential death. Today, cystoscopy is the gold standard for bladder cancer assessment, using white light endoscopy to detect tumor suspected lesion areas, followed by resection of these areas and subsequent histopathological evaluation. Not only does the pathological examination take days, but due to the invasive nature, the performed biopsy can result in significant harm to the patient. Nowadays, optical modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) have proven to detect cancer in real time and can provide more detailed clinical information of a lesion, e.g. its penetration depth (stage) and the differentiation of the cells (grade) In this paper, we present an ex vivo study performed with a combined piezoelectric tube based OCT probe and fiber optic RS probe imaging system that allows large field of view imaging of bladder biopsies, using both modalities and co registered visualization, detection and grading of cancerous bladder lesions. In the present study, 119 examined biopsies were characterized, showing that fiber optic based OCT provides a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 69% for the detection of non muscle invasive bladder cancer, while RS, on the other hand, provides a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 61% for the grading of low and high grade tissues. Moreover, the study shows that a piezoelectric tube based OCT probe can have significant endurance, suitable for future long lasting in vivo applications. These results also indicate that combined OCT and RS fiber probe based characterization offers an exciting possibility for label free and morpho chemical optical biopsies for bladder cancer diagnostics.
Experimental compressive behavior of novel composite wall with different width to thickness ratios
Year: 2020

Double skin composite wall system owns several structural merits in terms of high load carrying capacity, large axial stiffness, and favorable ductility. A recently proposed form of truss connector was used to bond the steel plates to the concrete core to achieve good composite action. The structural behavior of rectangular high walls under compression and T shaped high walls under eccentric compression has been investigated by the authors. Furthermore, the influences of the truss spacings, the wall width, and the faceplate thickness have been previously studied by the authors on short walls under uniform compression. This paper experimentally investigated the effect of width to thickness ratio on the compressive behavior of short walls. Compressive tests were conducted on three short specimens with different width to thickness ratios. Based on the test results, it is found that the composite wall shows high compressive resistance and good ductility. The walls fail by local buckling of steel plates and crushing of concrete core. It is also observed that width to thickness ratio has great influence on the compressive resistance, initial stiffness, and strain distribution across the section. Finally, the test results are compared with the predictions by modern codes.
Rescates bioarqueologicos en el valle medio del rio Negro (provincia de Rio Negro) el potencial informativo del registro altamente perturbado
Year: 2018

This work focuses on the analysis of three bioarchaeological samples highly disturbed by modern anthropic action, which were recovered from the Negro river valley (province of Rio Negro) Our objective is to present the results of the quantitative, sex age, and taphonomic analyses carried out on the remains recovered in Fabrega, Negro Muerto 3, and Loma de los Muertos sites, and to assess the impact of incorporating this kind of disturbed samples into the intra site and regional discussions. The results allowed the incorporation of a new mortuary site to the regional scheme, the expansion and adjustment of the number of individuals and age spectrum in other sites, and the incorporation of new information about cranial modification and post mortem processing. The new data generated here demonstrates the informative potential of bioarchaeological record highly impacted by modern action.
INNOVATION IN INDIAN ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM: STUDY AND ANALYSIS
Year: 2013

In its most basic form, engineering is "The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures, for reducing human effort with respect to each unique specific need" This highlights a very important fact that, creativity and innovation are an inherent part of engineering. Through the ages, be it the 20 th century, where engineering's attention was on manufacturing physical capital and goods, automobiles, electrical infrastructure, electronics, advent of space technology, petrochemicals etc took place or the current 21 st century, where intellectual property and globalization of technology dominated by energy conversion, global communication, virtualisation, Artificial Intelligence etc. are taking place, the symbiotic relation between innovation and engineering has always been and will always be very eminent. For innovation to be present in every engineer, innovation in engineering education itself is a prerequisite. There is a gap between the industry demand and the supply of this prerequisite by the college education which has to be reduced. The changes have to come from the grass root level. The commitment of the engineering community must be towards a more creative based curriculum, replacing the conventional theory based class room study. In the context of India, a country with a billion possibilities and engineering potential, concepts like smart classrooms and integration of engineering curriculum with sustainability and innovation are still in a very nascent stage and need to be encouraged on a more massive scale. There are strengths as well as weaknesses in the Indian technical education system. For the immense rate at which India produces new technical manpower, the Knowledge Economy Index for the same is low. The Indian challenges in this context are diverse. Funding for research and development is lesser compared to the extent that the European and American Universities are investing. The conventional methodology that has been present in the Indian universities is hard to break with the prevailing perspective. This paper addresses this issue and analyzes the best practices that have been successfully executed and are being followed in India. The analysis is carried out through a detailed case study of two Universities that have brought innovation into their educational system. A poll is to be conducted in context of the addressed theme to study the differences between conventional innovation based learning amongst both student faculty.  Innovation, Engineering Education (EE) Research.
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA (MACROMEDIA FLASH) TO INCREASE CREATIVE THINKING ABILITY OF STUDENTS IN BASIC PHYSICS SUBJECT
Year: 2017

Students were intellectuals who should have the ability to think critically, one of which is the creative thinking skills. However, the students' limited ability in basic physics as well as the limitations of using a variety of multimedia resulted in basic physics final exam results lower than 6 on average from maximum value of 10. This leads to the lower creative thinking skills of students in basic physics. This research is a Quasi Experiment research on students in the first semester of academic year 2014/2015 which amounted to 38 people. This research is expected to increase creative thinking skills as well as lecturers and students activities. Data obtained from this study is the data of creative thinking skills of students and data on the observation of activity of lecturers and students. The data were analysed by using formula percentage of completeness of learning outcomes, gain indexes and statistical t test. Based on the results of data analysis it is showed that the use of interactive multimedia (Macromedia Flash) can improve creative thinking skills of students.
Recent trends and progress in the immersed boundary method
Venue: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
Year: 2019

The immersed boundary method is a methodology for dealing with boundary conditions at fluid fluid and fluid solid interfaces. The immersed boundary method has been attracting growing attention in the recent years due to its simplicity in mesh processing. Great effort has been made to develop its new features and promote its applications in new areas. This review is focused on assessing the immersed boundary method fundamentals and the latest progresses especially the strategies to address the challenges and the applications of the immersed boundary method. Various numerical examples are also presented for demonstrating the capability of the immersed boundary method, including blood flow and blood cells, flapping flag, flow around a hoverfly, turbulence flow over a wavy boundary, shock wave induced vibration, and acoustic waves scattered by a cylinder and a sphere. The major challenges and several open issues in this field are highlighted.
Review: The Metropolis Experiment Vienna and the 1873 World Exhibition
Year: 2015

The Metropolis Experiment Vienna and the 1873 World Exhibition Wien Museum Karlsplatz, Vienna 15 May 28 September 2014 As the subtitle of this exhibition at the Wien Museum Karlsplatz correctly suggested, this was both a show on "Vienna around 1870" and a show on the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna. The two exhibitions were consciously intertwined, reflecting how closely Vienna and its World Exhibition were connected. The show started with four sections on the development of Vienna during the boom years of 1867 73: the construction and financing of the Wiener Ringstrase, the regulation of the river Danube, the construction of the new freshwater conduit from the Semmering to Vienna, and the introduction of new traffic systems (such as the horse tramway) and means of communication (such as pneumatic postal delivery) The fifth part, "City within the City," focused on the planning, building, and opening of the first World Exhibition outside London and Paris. The major players and the context for the building site in the Prater a former imperial hunting ground and public recreational area for the Viennese (including the so called Volksprater, a popular fun fair) were introduced. The center of this room in the Wien Museum sported a purpose built large section model of the main building of the World Exhibition the Rotunda and several original drawings by its architect, Carl von Hasenauer  The emphasis of the
Rising from the Ashes
Year: 2019

lar social classes. This can be a particular hindrance to understanding the ways that pre modern cultural production was embedded within complex systems of patronage that moved between enslaved and corveed labour and the upper echelons of the sakdina system. However, Peleggi's willingness to sacrifice particular details in favour of a more comprehensive narrative is what makes this book so valuable. He has a way of stimulating interest in a topic, and many chapters in the book will undoubtedly provoke robust discussions in courses on Southeast Asian history and art and architectural history in general. Indeed, this book enters a field that has benefited greatly from a spate of recent English language books on Thailand that are both theoretically innovative (in particular, Samson Lim's Siam's new detectives and Arnika Fuhrmann's Ghostly desires) situate biography within larger transregional histories (Tamara Loos' Bones around my neck) and integrate art and social historical methodologies (Angela Chiu's The Buddha in Lanna) Along with Peleggi's important earlier contributions to the field,Monastery, monument, museum takes its place alongside this growing corpus of well written and innovative scholarship.
Defining the abstract syntax of visual languages with advanced graph grammars A case study based on behavior trees
Venue: J. Vis. Lang. Comput.
Year: 2008

Diagrammatic visual languages can increase the ability of engineers to model and understand complex systems. However, to effectively use visual models, the syntax and semantics of these languages should be defined precisely. Since most diagrammatic visual models that are currently used to specify systems can be described as (directed) typed graphs, graph grammars have been identified as a suitable formalism to describe the abstract syntax of visual modeling languages. In this article, we investigate how advanced graph transformation techniques, such as conditional, structure generic and type generic graph transformation rules, can help to improve and simplify the specification of the abstract syntax of a visual modeling language. To demonstrate the practicability of an approach that unifies these advanced graph transformation techniques, we define the abstract syntax of behavior trees (BTs) a graphical specification language for functional requirements. Additionally, we provide a translational semantics of BTs by formalizing a translation scheme to the input language of the SAL model checking tool for each of the graph transformation rules.
Design and evaluation of hospital based business intelligence system (HBIS) A foundation for design science research methodology
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.
Year: 2016

This paper describes the development of a hospital based business intelligent system (HBIS) based on a novel developmental methodology, called the design science research methodology (DSRM) and implemented in a regional general hospital in Taiwan. A design science research methodology is adopted to cover six activities: problem identification and motivation, definition of solution objectives, design and development, demonstration, evaluation, and communication. Based on the DSRM developmental method, HBIS was successfully developed and deployed in the hospital case, and a survey of users shows positive results. In addition, the support and involvement of top management in HBIS development is found to be a critical success factor, and system implementation allowed the hospital to significantly improve performance of managerial indicators for the three abovementioned dimensions. This study contributes a novel developmental methodology from the Information Systems (IS) field as a reference model for future HBIS development, along with the integration of indicators from three major managerial dimensions NHI, hospital accreditation, and healthcare quality. A hospital based business intelligent system (HBIS) is presented.Reporting the development and assessment of a HBIS system.Identifying the critical factors to the development of HBIS.Proposing tools that improve the decision making of health system administrators.