nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of deep learning for semantic segmentation of sandstone thin sections
Venue: Comput. Geosci.
Year: 2021

Sedimentary petrology is the basis for most mineral and textural identification in sandstones. Automating mineralogical interpretation of an entire thin section image has many practical applications, including improved geological understanding, input of spatial distribution of mineralogy and grain size for petrophysical evaluations, and integration with 3D imaging modalities (micro CT, nano CT) We investigate the application of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based supervised semantic segmentation methods for predicting pixel scale mineralogy using 2D RGB images of sandstones acquired by transmission light microscopy. Models were trained to interpret a simple binary pore mineral (grain) segmentation and a 10 class segmentation (porosity, quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, carbonate grains, opaque grains, quartz cement, carbonate cement, clay cement, and hydrocarbons filling pores) For the 2 class classification framework to distinguish between pores and minerals, most models lead to satisfactory results with acceptable accuracy. For the 10 class classification framework, models trained with Deeplab V3+ Resnet 18 network yield more continuous results compared to those based on VGG networks. We conclude that the effectiveness of the models, in predicting a petrology class in a thin section, strongly correlates with the amount of labeled data available to train the model to interpret the class in question. Semantic segmentation models, based on CNNs, can produce encouraging results for a 10 class petrological classification framework of an entire thin section image and thus provide a complete scene understanding which is difficult to produce manually.
Comment on the Case:Transpacific Passenger Air Transportation Antitrust (Price Fixing) Litigation Against China Airlines,Etc.
Year: 2011

This case involves allegations that 26 airlines including China Airline engaged in a ten year international conspiracy to fix the prices of transpacific air passenger travel,in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act,15 U.S.C.SS 1.On May 9,2011,the District Court for the Northern District of California dismissed with prejudice air passenger travel claims.In rejecting application of the "import trade" exception,the court explained that plaintiffs failed to take account of the significant difference between cargo,to which their definition of "import" commonly applies,and people.The court also rejected plaintiffs' reliance on the "domestic effects" exception to FTAIA's jurisdictional bar.
GENERALIZED WARPED PRODUCT MANIFOLDS AND CRITICAL RIEMANNIAN METRIC
Year: 2013

In this paper, we present some properties of generalized warped product manifold. We establish the relationship between the scalar curvature of a generalized warped product Mxf N of Riemannian manifolds and those ones of M an N and we obtain a necessary condition for a critical Riemannian metrics on M xf N
Investigation of the formation evolution of aluminum alloy 1050 structure during rolling in the spiral rollers and the longitudinal wedge mill
Year: 2020

S. A. Mashekov, (mashekov.1957@mail.ru) M. R. Maulenova, Kazakh National Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan G. A. Smailova, Kazakh Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan A. M. Alshynova, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Zhauyt, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, Kazakhstan N. S. Sembayev, Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan This article presents a new methodof obtaining the sheet steel with ultrafine grained structure. The ultrafinegrained structure is obtained by implementing severe plastic deformation developed by a spiral roller. This paper investigates the stress strain state (SSS) of the workpiece during rolling in a spiral roller and a longitudinal wedge mill (LWM) A rational technology of rolling aluminum alloy 1050 was developed and tested under the laboratory conditions. It was proved that the system achieves an equilibrium state by diffusion along the grain boundaries accelerated by the flow of vacancies formed during the deformation. It has been established that rolling aluminum alloy 1050in the spiral rollers and LWM leads to an increase in the strength and plastic properties of the sheet metal.
Two linear complexity particle filters capable of maintaining target label probabilities for targets in close proximity
Venue: 2012 15th International Conference on Information Fusion
Year: 2012

In this work, we introduce two particle filters of linear complexity in the number of particles that take distinct approaches to solving the problem of tracking two targets in close proximity. We operate in the regime in which measurements do not discriminate between targets and hence uncertainties in the labeling of the tracks arise. For simplicity, we limit our study to the two target case for which there are only two possible associations between targets and tracks. The proposed Approximate Set Particle Filter (ASPF) introduces some approximations but has similar complexity and still provides much more accurate descriptions of the posterior uncertainties compared to standard particle filters. The fast Forward Filter Unlabeled Backward Simulator (fast FFUBSi) employs a smoothing technique based on rejection sampling for the calculation of target label probabilities. Simulations show that neither particle filter suffers from track coalescence (when outputting MMOSPA estimates) and both calculate correct target label probabilities.
Factors Associated with Support for Adolescent Access to Contraception Among Mexican Catholic Parents
Venue: Journal of Religion and Health
Year: 2021

We used a nationally representative survey of 2186 Mexican Catholic parents to assess two outcomes: support for adolescent access to modern contraception and whether adolescents unaccompanied by an adult should have access to contraceptive methods. A majority (85% of Mexican Catholic parents support adolescent access to modern contraceptive methods, but there was less support (28% for access to contraception unaccompanied. Further, our results show strong support (92% for sex education in schools. Parents who believe that good Catholics can use contraception had higher odds of support for adolescent access and unaccompanied access to modern contraception. Mexican Catholic parents support adolescent access to modern contraception, but support for unaccompanied access to contraception is lower. This may reflect an interest in being involved, and not necessarily opposition to contraceptive use. Measures of Catholicism that focus on behaviors may better explain opinions about adolescent access to contraception.
DECAF: Deep Case based Policy Inference for knowledge transfer in Reinforcement Learning
Venue: Expert Syst. Appl.
Year: 2020

Having the ability to solve increasingly complex problems using Reinforcement Learning (RL) has prompted researchers to start developing a greater interest in systematic approaches to retain and reuse knowledge over a variety of tasks. With Case based Reasoning (CBR) there exists a general methodology that provides a framework for knowledge transfer which has been underrepresented in the RL literature so far. We formulate a terminology for the CBR framework targeted towards RL researchers with the goal of facilitating communication between the respective research communities. Based on this framework, we propose the Deep Case based Policy Inference (DECAF) algorithm to accelerate learning by building a library of cases and reusing them if they are similar to a new task when training a new policy. DECAF guides the training by dynamically selecting and blending policies according to their usefulness for the current target task, reusing previously learned policies for a more effective exploration but still enabling the adaptation to particularities of the new task. We show an empirical evaluation in the Atari game playing domain depicting the benefits of our algorithm with regards to sample efficiency, robustness against negative transfer, and performance increase when compared to state of the art methods.
Heterogeneity in Kv7 Channel Function in the Cerebral and Coronary Circulation
Venue: Microcirculation
Year: 2015

Kv7 channels are considered important regulators of vascular smooth muscle contractility. The present study aimed to examine the hypotheses that (i) Kv7 channels are present in mouse cerebral and coronary arteries and regulate vascular reactivity and (ii) regional differences exist in the activity of these channels.
Comparison of random forest, artificial neural networks and support vector machine for intelligent diagnosis of rotating machinery
Venue: Trans. Inst. Meas. Control
Year: 2018

Nowadays, the data driven diagnosis method, exploiting pattern recognition method to diagnose the fault patterns automatically, achieves much success for rotating machinery. Some popular classification algorithms such as artificial neural networks and support vector machine have been extensively studied and tested with many application cases, while the random forest, one of the present state of the art classifiers based on ensemble learning strategy, is relatively unknown in this field. In this paper, the behavior of random forest for the intelligent diagnosis of rotating machinery is investigated with various features on two datasets. A framework for the comparison of different methods, that is, random forest, extreme learning machine, probabilistic neural network and support vector machine, is presented to find the most efficient one. Random forest has been proven to outperform the comparative classifiers in terms of recognition accuracy, stability and robustness to features, especially with a small training set. Additionally, compared with traditional methods, random forest is not easily influenced by environmental noise. Furthermore, the user friendly parameters in random forest offer great convenience for practical engineering. These results suggest that random forest is a promising pattern recognition method for the intelligent diagnosis of rotating machinery.
Concentration of fermented tilapia feces suspension by decomposer bacteria as a feed to induce moina macrocopa sexual reproduction
Year: 2020

Sexual induction of M. macrocopa can be induced by setting a density of feed concentration. To optimize the production of ephippia, sexual females must be given sufficient quality feed. Fermentation of tilapia fish from the results of preliminary studies showed a significant increase in protein concentration but fat concentration decreased. This research to determine the best concentration of fermented tilapia feces feed to produce ephippia M. macrocopa. This research is experimental by using a completely randomized design (CRD) This research consisted of 4 treatments of feed concentration is fermented feces suspension concentration of 33,30 mg/L (P1) 37,00 mg/L (P2) and 40,70 mg/L (P3) and control using rice bran suspension feed concentration of 37,00 mg/L(P0) with each using 5 replications. Induction sexual offspring is maintained at a density of 1000 ind/L for 6 days. During cultivation is calculated survival rate, M. macrocopa ephippia production, and some water quality parameters as support. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan test. This research showed that M. macrocopa cultivation using several concentrations of suspension feed of fermented tilapia feces at concentrations of 40.70 mg/L can induce sexual females and produce ephippia and showed the highest survival rate (1186 26,45 grains/L) and 88,13%
Low temperature adhesion performance of polymer modified Bitumen emulsion in chip seals using different SBR latexes
Year: 2017

Due to increasing use of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex in the preparation of polymer modified bitumen emulsions (PMBE) to improve bitumen aggregate adhesion of chip seal surface treatments and lack of scientific data on the effect of SBR micro structure on the performance of the resulting treatment at low temperatures, the Vialit test was conducted. The conventional tests showed that addition of SBR and X SBR to PMBE reduces bituminous residue (BR) penetration and enhances its penetration index (PI) and softening point. Also, addition of linear SBR latex to bitumen results in an increase in BR ductility and recovery at low temperatures. Meanwhile, addition of the branched carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (X SBR) latex reduces ductility of the corresponding BR. The effect of the performance of bitumen emulsions on aggregate bitumen adhesion in chip seals was investigated using Vialit test. It was found that an increase in SBR latex content in bitumen emulsion leads to an increased aggregate retention; this effect is more pronounced at low temperatures. Comparatively, the addition of X SBR latex results in a lower bitumen aggregate adhesion at low temperatures.
A hidden semi Markov model for indoor radio source localization using received signal strength
Venue: Signal Process.
Year: 2020

Multipath propagation makes the use of received signal strength (RSS) unreliable as a signal propagation model for localization of a radio source based on RSS data. An approach to mitigation of this problem is the use of a Hidden Markov model (HMM) to represent the relationship between RSS and the radio source location by incorporating an environment prior and RSS source dynamics. The HMM structure forces a geometric form for the distribution for the sojourn time. This, combined with missing data problems, reduces confidence in location estimation. It is found, in this paper, that Hidden semi Markov Models (HsMMs) with a more flexible sojourn time distribution are more able to represent source dynamics while retaining the advantages of HMMs for environmental constraints and improving resilience to missing measurements. The performance of the proposed HsMM algorithm is compared with a standard HMM via experiments and simulations involving indoor radio source localization using RSS data. Simulations use a ray tracing software based simulator and the experiments for transmitter localization with RSS data are collected by software defined radios.
Temperature Compensation of the MEMS Based Electrochemical Seismic Sensors
Venue: Micromachines
Year: 2021

Electrochemical seismic sensors that employ liquid as their inertial masses have the advantages of high performances in the low frequency domain and a large working inclination. However, the surrounding temperature changes have serious impacts on the sensitivities of the sensors, which makes them unable to work as expected. This paper studied the temperature characteristics of electrochemical seismic sensors based on MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) and analyzed the influences of the temperature effects on the open loop and closed loop amplitude frequency curves. Most importantly, the temperature compensation circuits based on thermistors were developed, which effectively adjusted pole frequencies and sensitivity coefficients, and finally realized the real time temperature compensation for both open loop and closed loop measurements for the first time. The results showed that in the temperature range of 10 degC +40 degC, and with the 3 dB bandwidth range of 0.01 Hz 40 Hz, the change of the maximum sensitivity was reduced from about 25 dB before temperature compensation to less than 2 dB after temperature compensation.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Corporate Social Responsibility: Taking a Look at the Case of Empresas Publicas de Medellin
Year: 2011

The following research takes a look at the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) focusing on the good and bad aspects it presents. The analysis is supported by three theories: (1) CSR and the Competitive Advantage by Kramer and Porter (2002) where CSR is seen as tool to achieve competitive advantage not only benefiting the company but the society around it, (2) Stages of CSR by Zadek (2006) presenting CSR as learning process for the organizations and the society, and (3) Development of Community/Company Relationships with CSR by Marin, Rubio and Ruiz (2009) considering CSR as a key for a good perception of consumers and the relationship established among the company and its consumers. Finally there is a study of a Colombian company really active in the implementation of CSR. Taking this approach will allow for greater understanding on the importance of CSR in addition to its wider significance in society and with a direct link to Medellin, Colombia.
Circuitos Cortos de Comercializacion alimentaria: Analisis de experiencias de la region de Valparaiso, Chile
Year: 2020

Uno de los principales problemas de las experiencias agroecologicas colaborativas en la Region de Valparaiso es la comercializacion de sus productos alimentarios. Esto se explica fundamentalmente por las particularidades de la produccion agroecologica, la preponderancia del retail y la fuerte concentracion en pocos actores economicos en la distribucion. Se trata de una investigacion cuantitativa y cualitativa, que permitio identificar y caracterizar las cuatro modalidades de canales cortos de comercializacion presentes en la Region: plataformas digitales, tiendas especializadas, ferias y cooperativas de consumo. A partir de los discursos levantados por los informantes claves (productores y consumidores) de estas experiencias, se observan tendencias como que los productores agroecologicos utilizan diversas modalidades de comercializacion expresadas en una particular combinacion de ellos; que el consumidor agroecologico se encuentra en un estado germinal y se problematiza su relacion con el Estado y la institucionalidad. Los desafios comunes, tienen que ver con fortalecer los procesos educativos de los consumidores, reducir la brecha del precio final y avanzar en la consolidacion de redes de apoyo y trabajo colaborativo.
Impact of podcasting on student motivation in the online learning environment
Venue: Comput. Educ.
Year: 2010

Researchers investigated the impact of podcasting on student motivation in the online environment during fall 2008 and spring 2009. Data were collected from students enrolled in fourteen online courses at a research university in the United States. One hundred and ninety one students completed a modified version of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (Keller, 2006) it has four subscales: attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. Strong positive relationships between all subscales were detected. Results indicate students were moderately motivated by the use of podcasts in their online courses. Statistically significant differences in student motivation based on gender, class standing, and prior online learning experience were found. Benefits of using podcasts and recommendations for improvement of the multimedia files were offered by users.
Impact of Infrastructure on Trade: An Empirical Assessment by the Gravity Model in ECOWAS
Year: 2020

Increased trade is nowadays seen as one of the channels that can boost economic growth in ECOWAS. However, we are witnessing a relative decline in intra ECOWAS trade. This relative weakness in intra African trade is said to be due to trade barriers and obstacles. Notably, the quality of infrastructure and transport costs that reduce trade flows in Africa. In this paper, we have tried to understand the impact of infrastructure quality on trade in ECOWAS countries by referring to the gravity model. Estimates show that bilateral trade increases as the quality of infrastructure improves. Also, the results show that the value of bilateral trade increases with the size of the economies. Overall, geographical and structural factors have a decisive impact on intra regional trade.
Metal ion detection using luminescent MOFs: Principles, strategies and roadmap
Year: 2020

Owing to their porosity and enriched host guest chemistry, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) applied extensively in detection of large variety of hazardous chemicals using different instrumental methods, especially metal ions by photoluminescence methods. Application of luminescent MOFs (LMOFs) in detection of metal ions demonstrates successes in this area along with some challenges. Contrary to versatile application of LMOFs as metal ion sensor, there is not any review in this area. Also, there are some inconsistencies in this area needing right solution. Considering such vacancies, we tried to identify the successes and challenges of using MOFs as metal ion sensor. To this aim, for the first time in this review we present "structure signal" and "mechanism response" approaches through communicating between LMOFs structural features and their signal transduction and detection mechanism. In "structure signal" approach we discuss how a LMOF with special organic linker and inorganic nodes can generate special kind of luminescence signal. In "mechanism response" we explain that how a detection mechanism can produce selective and sensitive response toward special metal ion. Then, we address about some essential concepts in photoluminescence (PL) methods to avoid any misunderstandings. However, our goal is not giving a full explanation about PL principles because other reviews did this job very well. Finally, we discussed about sensing parameters and characterization techniques and offer a generalized updated roadmap for detection of metal ions.
Influence of study design on digital pathology image quality evaluation: the need to define a clinical task
Venue: Journal of medical imaging
Year: 2017

Despite the current rapid advance in technologies for whole slide imaging, there is still no scientific consensus on the recommended methodology for image quality assessment of digital pathology slides. For medical images in general, it has been recommended to assess image quality in terms of doctors' success rates in performing a specific clinical task while using the images (clinical image quality, cIQ) However, digital pathology is a new modality, and already identifying the appropriate task is difficult. In an alternative common approach, humans are asked to do a simpler task such as rating overall image quality (perceived image quality, pIQ) but that involves the risk of nonclinically relevant findings due to an unknown relationship between the pIQ and cIQ. In this study, we explored three different experimental protocols: (1) conducting a clinical task (detecting inclusion bodies) (2) rating image similarity and preference, and (3) rating the overall image quality. Additionally, within protocol 1, overall quality ratings were also collected (task aware pIQ) The experiments were done by diagnostic veterinary pathologists in the context of evaluating the quality of hematoxylin and eosin stained digital pathology slides of animal tissue samples under several common image alterations: additive noise, blurring, change in gamma, change in color saturation, and JPG compression. While the size of our experiments was small and prevents drawing strong conclusions, the results suggest the need to define a clinical task. Importantly, the pIQ data collected under protocols 2 and 3 did not always rank the image alterations the same as their cIQ from protocol 1, warning against using conventional pIQ to predict cIQ. At the same time, there was a correlation between the cIQ and task aware pIQ ratings from protocol 1, suggesting that the clinical experiment context (set by specifying the clinical task) may affect human visual attention and bring focus to their criteria of image quality. Further research is needed to assess whether and for which purposes (e.g. preclinical testing) task aware pIQ ratings could substitute cIQ for a given clinical task.