nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Selected Algorithms of Computational Intelligence in Gastric Cancer Decision Making
Year: 2012

Due to the latest research the subject of Computational Intelligence has been divided into five main regions, namely, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, immunological systems and fuzzy systems. Our attention has been attracted by the possibilities of medical applications provided by immunological computation algorithms. Immunological computation systems are based on immune reactions of the living organisms in order to defend the bodies from pathological substances. Especially, the mechanisms of the T cell reactions to detect strangers have been converted into artificial numerical algorithms. Immunological systems have been developed in scientific books and reports appearing during the two last decades. The basic negative selection algorithm NS was invented by Stefanie Forrest to give rise to some technical applications. We can note such applications of NS as computer virus detection, reduction of noise effect, communication of autonomous agents or identification of time varying systems. Even a trial of connection between a computer and biological systems has been proved by means of immunological computation. Hybrids made between different fields can provide researchers with richer results; therefore associations between immunological systems and neural networks have been developed as well. In the current chapter we propose another hybrid between the NS algorithm and chosen solutions coming from fuzzy systems. This hybrid constitutes the own model of adapting the NS algorithm to the operation decisions "operate" contra "do not operate" in gastric cancer surgery. The choice between two possibilities to treat patients is identified with the partition of a decision region in self and non self, which is similar to the action of the NS algorithm. The partition is accomplished on the basis of patient data strings/vectors that contain codes of states concerning some essential biological markers. To be able to identify the strings that characterize the "operate" decision we add the own method of computing the patients' characteristics as real values. The evaluation of the patients' characteristics is supported by inserting importance weights assigned to powerful biological indices taking place in the operation decision process. To compute the weights of importance the Saaty algorithm is adopted.
Anatomical Localization, Gene Expression Profiling, and Functional Characterization of Adult Human Neck Brown Fat
Venue: Nature Medicine
Year: 2013

The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure is the underlying cause of the current obesity and diabetes pandemics. Central to these pathologies is the fat depot: white adipose tissue (WAT) stores excess calories, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes fuel for thermogenesis using tissue specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) BAT was once thought to have a functional role in rodents and human infants only, but it has been recently shown that in response to mild cold exposure, adult human BAT consumes more glucose per gram than any other tissue. In addition to this nonshivering thermogenesis, human BAT may also combat weight gain by becoming more active in the setting of increased whole body energy intake. This phenomenon of BAT mediated diet induced thermogenesis has been observed in rodents and suggests that activation of human BAT could be used as a safe treatment for obesity and metabolic dysregulation. In this study, we isolated anatomically defined neck fat from adult human volunteers and compared its gene expression, differentiation capacity and basal oxygen consumption to different mouse adipose depots. Although the properties of human neck fat vary substantially between individuals, some human samples share many similarities with classical, also called constitutive, rodent BAT.
COVID 19 in Africa: Socio economic Impact, Policy Response and Opportunities
Year: 2020

The COVID 19 or coronavirus pandemic which has affected the global economy has also affected the African economy through spillovers to African countries. Many African countries have taken bold quarantine and lockdown measures to control the spread of COVID 19 although this has come at a cost such as the collapse of health systems and a painful economic crisis or recession. A coordinated and bold response by African authorities is needed. First, public funds should be provided to improve the capacity of health systems in African countries. Second, financial support should be provided to individuals, entrepreneurs and corporations to help them cope with the adverse effect of the coronavirus crisis. Third, employers should be granted incentives to preserve employment during the crisis to avoid mass layoff of workers. Finally, the Central bank in African countries should provide liquidity and credit support as well as asset purchase programs to prevent credit and liquidity crunch in domestic financial markets.
Towards a Decentralized Data Marketplace for Smart Cities
Venue: 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)
Year: 2018

One of the ways in which a city can become smarter is to grow a local economy around the sharing of data from IoT devices and other open data that can be used in applications to improve the lives of its citizens. Prior work and ongoing projects have examined or are currently focused on the development of centralized data marketplaces for smart cities. Here we explore how a decentralized data marketplace could be created using blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies. We consider the possible benefits of such a decentralized architecture, identify different elements that such a decentralized marketplace should have, and show how they could be potentially integrated into a comprehensive solution. We also present a simple smart contract implementation of a decentralized registry where data products can be posted by data owners for retrieval by potential buyers.
A comparison of personality maturity among Japanese youth and Finnish young adult students: a cross sectional study using Erikson psychosocial stage inventory and sense of coherence scale
Year: 2018

This study aimed to clarify the child rearing improvement approach in Japan by evaluating the 'Personality Maturity' of Japanese youth and Finnish young adult students.  The cross sectional survey was carried out on the Internet with youth aged 18 25 using the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) scales. In total, 865 Japanese youth were recruited from GMO Research Monitors and 898 Finnish young adult students were recruited from Tampere University; 762 Japanese youth and 896 Finnish young adult students responded to all 13 SOC and 42 EPSI questions.  Mean total and subscale scores of Japanese youth were lower than those of Finnish young adult students for both EPSI and SOC. We found a strong, negative correlation (r .685) in Japan and a strong, positive correlation in Finland (r .831) between total EPSI and SOC scores.  Japanese youth showed stronger development of either EPSI or SOC.
"They know that you'll leave, like a dog moving on to the next bin"
Year: 2017

Andalusia is today the leading exporting region of agricultural products for the European market. In the western part of this region, along the Atlantic coast, strawberry farming has developed considerably since the 1980' The favourable climate of the Huelva province and plant varieties imported from California make it possible for producers to export strawberries during the counter season period, from January to April. The industrialization of local agriculture is inscribed in the landscape: 7,000 hectares of greenhouses immerse visitors in a sea of plastic. The rop in profits stemming from higher input prices, the increased international competition from new productions in the Global South, and the role of supermarket as a price setters, hace led to the seasonal recruitment of a female workforce from Eastern Europe and Morocco, who have largely replaces undocumented male migrants from Sub saharan Africa and Morocco in the local farm labour market.
Open Network Emulator: A Parallel Direct Code Execution Network Simulator
Venue: 2012 ACM/IEEE/SCS 26th Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation
Year: 2012

In this paper, we present the Open Network Emulator (ONE) a network simulator that combines the controllability and scalability of simulation with the direct code execution properties of emulation and experimental test beds. ONE has two novel features. First is a compiler framework that automatically transforms existing network application/protocols written in imperative languages such as C and C+ into composable modules, which can then be combined to create arbitrarily complex network stacks. This compiler framework obviates the need for heavyweight virtualization and enables ONE to execute multiple virtual hosts, each with its own application and network protocol stack, within a single process. The second novel feature of ONE is a new time model called Relativistic Time that combines the controllability of virtual time with the fidelity of real time. To implement ONE, we ported the complete TCP/IP stack from within the Linux kernel (including the sockets interface, TCP, UDP IPv4 and v6, ICMP, IGMP, traffic shaping, net filters, routing and ARP) and well known configuration and packet tracing applications such as ifconfig and tcpdump. Existing network applications can be compiled and instantiated within ONE without requiring any source code change. We validated the fidelity of ONE by comparing the packet arrival times of multiple traffic generators on a real network against the arrival times with ONE emulation. Our preliminary performance evaluation of ONE on an 8 core system shows that ONE is highly efficient and can run over 450 virtual hosts connected over point to point gigabit links, while still retaining linear behavior.
The fall and rise of intellectual capital accounting: new prospects from the Big Data revolution
Year: 2018

As Big Data is creating new underpinnings for organisations' intellectual capital (IC) and knowledge management, this paper aims to analyse the implications of Big Data for IC accounting to provide new conceptual and practical insights about the future of IC accounting.,Based on a conceptual framework informed by decision science theory, the authors explain the factors supporting Big Data's value and review the academic literature and practical evidence to analyse the implications of Big Data for IC accounting.,In reflecting on Big Data's ability to supply a new value for IC and its implications for IC accounting, the authors conclude that Big Data represents a new IC asset, and this represents a rationale for a renewed wave of interest in IC accounting. IC accounting can contribute to understand the determinants of Big Data's value, such as data quality, security and privacy issues, data visualisation and users' interaction. In doing so, IC measurement, reporting and auditing need to keep focusing on how human capital and organisational and technical processes (structural capital) can unlock or even obstruct Big Data's value for IC.,The topic of Big Data in IC and accounting research is in its infancy; therefore, this paper acts at a normative level. While this represents a research limitation of the study, it is also a call for future empirical studies.,Once again, practitioners and researchers need to face the challenge of avoiding the trap of IC accountingisation to make IC accounting relevant for the Big Data revolution. Within the euphoric and utopian views of the Big Data revolution, this paper contributes to enriching awareness about the practical factors underpinning Big Data's value for IC and foster the cognitive and behavioural dynamic between data, IC information and user interaction.,The paper is relevant to prepares, users and auditors of financial statements.,This paper aims to instill a novel debate on Big Data into IC accounting research by providing new avenues for future research.
Self Esteem and Tendency of Bullying among Primary School Children
Year: 2018

In this exploratory research, a mixed method research design was used to understand how primary school children perceive bullying behaviour and to uncover the extent of self esteem on their bullying experiences. Two hundred and eighty participants took part in a survey of their bullying behaviour and self esteem. Additionally, semi structured interviews were conducted with 6 children. Survey findings indicated that higher self esteem leads to higher bullying behaviour. Further analyses within sub samples defined by gender and ethnic subgroups revealed that there are differences in bullying behaviour across subgroups. In addition, qualitative interviews yielded three key themes including (i) physical and verbal bullying, (ii) relational bullying, and (iii) gender based bullying.
Real time tumor tracking during VMAT radiotherapy treatments based on 2 D 3 D registration using CBCT projections
Year: 2016

Rotational radiotherapy treatments such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) can have superior overall quality while having shorter delivery time with respect to conventional intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) As with conventional treatments, intrafractional tumor motion is a major source of uncertainty in dose application. To ensure full tumor coverage the planning target volume (PTV) margins are enlarged. Tumor tracking using intensity based 2D/3D registration can reduce uncertainty and would enable margin reduction. The challenge for full arc rotational treatments is the poor tumor visibility at certain irradiation angles. In this work we investigate the feasibility of tumor tracking in VMAT treatments with partial arcs where the tumor is well visible. For three patients, we determined for which subset of angles it was possible to track the tumor using raw projections from CBCT acquisition. We then generated VMAT plans with the obtained partial arcs. Full arc VMAT plans were used as benchmark. For all cases is was possible to track the tumor in two arcs of about 90 degrees, typically with imaging around anterior posterior (AP) or posterior anterior (PA) projections. The plans with the partial arcs were clinically comparable to the plans with full arc in terms of target coverage and OAR sparing. The results indicate the feasibility of partial arc VMAT treatments with tumor tracking. Based on this we will investigate generation of plans with reduced PTV margins. These treatments could be delivered by gating the LINAC beam if the tumor motion exceeds a certain margin.
Academic performance and the practice of self directed learning: The adult student perspective
Year: 2017

The practice of self directed learning is important to adult students as it allows them to learn effectively while juggling work, family and other commitments. This study set out to examine the self directed learning characteristics present in the adult students' study process at the case university. The relationship between the adult students' perceived competence level in self directed learning and their academic performance was also investigated. In this study, 1695 adult students in the case university participated in a survey that included both Likert type and open ended response items. Eleven indicators of self directed learning were conceptualised and quantified. These indicators included: Goal Setting, Time Management, Procrastination Management, Assignment Preparation, Exam Preparation, Note taking Capability, Research Capability, Seminar Class Readiness, Technical Readiness, Online Class Readiness and Stress Management. The findings showed that the adult students' perceived level of competence in the 11 self directed learning indicators had a direct or an indirect effect on their academic performance. Based on the findings, the case university has conceptualised some new initiatives in the provision of support in terms of self directed learning to help its adult students to do well in their studies.
Bioactive components of milk
Year: 2008

A Source of Bioactive Molecules. Trans Fatty Acids and Bioactive Lipids in Ruminant Milk. Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Lipogenic Genes in the Ruminant Lactating Mammary Gland. Lipophilic Microconstituents of Milk. Biological Activity of Native Milk Proteins: Species Specific Effects. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Components A Proteomic Approach. Milk Lipoprotein Membranes and Their Imperative Enzymes. Lactoferrin Structure and Functions.  A Soluble Pattern Recognition Receptor in Milk. Apoptosis and Tumor Cell Death in Response to HAMLET (Human Lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor Cells) A Proline Rich Polypeptide from Ovine Colostrum: Colostrinin with Immunomodulatory Activity. Milk Peptides. Milk Peptides and Immune Response in the Neonate. Protective Effect of Milk Peptides: Antibacterial and Antitumor Properties. Antihypertensive Peptides Derived from Bovine Casein and Whey Proteins. Induced Biologically Active Components from the Milk of Livestock Animals. Targeted Antibodies in Dairy Based Products. Manipulation of Milk Fat Composition Through Transgenesis. Producing Recombinant Human Milk Proteins in the Milk of Livestock Species. The Influence of Nutrition on the Production of Bioactive Milk Components. Insulin Like Growth Factors (IGFs) IGF Binding Proteins, and Other Endocrine Factors  Role in the Newborn. Probiotics, Immunomodulation, and Health Benefits. Potential Anti Inflammatory and Anti Infectious Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. On the Role of Breastfeeding in Health Promotion and the Prevention of Allergic Diseases.
An automated domain specific stop word generation method for natural language text classification
Venue: 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications
Year: 2011

We propose an automated method for generating domain specific stop words to improve classification of natural language content. Also we implemented a Bayesian natural language classifier working on web pages, which is based on maximum a posteriori probability estimation of keyword distributions using bag of words model to test the generated stop words. We investigated the distribution of stop word lists generated by our model and compared their contents against a generic stop word list for English language. We also show that the document coverage rank and topic coverage rank of words belonging to natural language corpora follow Zipf's law, just like the word frequency rank is known to follow.
Dataset on tip vortex formation noise produced by wall mounted finite airfoils with sinusoidal and porous tip geometries
Venue: Data in brief
Year: 2020

Airfoil tip vortex formation noise is a significant noise source in many aerodynamic applications such as aircraft, fans, rotors and propellers. The data collection presented in this paper examines the effects of sinusoidal geometry and porosity on the tip vortex formation noise produced by finite length airfoils. The use of serrated and porous materials is inspired by silent owl wings and is a promising approach to control flow induced noise. Noise measurements have been taken using a 47 channel planar microphone array in the anechoic wind tunnel at the Brandenburg University of Technology. Over 2600 unique test cases with variations in sinusoidal tip geometry (amplitude and wavelength) and flat tip porosity were measured during the experimental campaign for a NACA0012 and NACA614 airfoil. The microphone data have been processed using acoustic beamforming software named Acoular to produce one third octave band tip noise spectra.
Post primary voltage control using optimal power flow for loss minimization within web of cells concept
Venue: 2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)
Year: 2017

This paper presents the decentralized Post Primary Voltage Control (PPVC) scheme which is introduced within the Web of Cells (WoC) concept in the ELECTRA IRP project. The PPVC improves the traditionally known secondary and tertiary voltage control schemes to develop a robust method coping with the emerging intermittent generation and variable loading in the distribution system. PPVC aims to utilize all available resources within a defined network area for voltage control purposes by taking loss minimization as an objective. To achieve that, the re definition of voltage set points in all controllable nodes within the area is performed using an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm. The proposed PPVC algorithm coordinates tap changers and other reactive power resources such as PV inverters proactively altering their settings for a recurring time window. The settings are optimally computed by using short term forecasted load and generation values. The PPVC algorithm has been implemented with MATLAB and the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) tool for optimization and evaluated on The European CIGRE MV network, modified with distributed energy resources (DERs) Simulation results showing the impact of PPVC compared to the business as usual (BaU) way of voltage control are presented. In addition, laboratory tests coupling the GAMS based OPF with OPAL RT have been conducted to present the efficiency of PPVC in real time applications.
Bringing communities back: Security communities and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' plural turn
Year: 2014

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is building a people oriented community in Southeast Asia and it has all the hallmarks of a Deutschian security community, with its emphasis on people to people contact and the involvement of civil society organisations in the community's creation. In this article the argument is made that it is precisely the involvement of the masses that creates the peace inertia associated with security communities, and thus ASEAN's plural turn is an essential first step in making ASEAN's community a security community. Whether ASEAN can actually do this, and indeed whether the membership are united in this objective, is not the focus for this article. Instead, and contrary to the security community literature, which identifies ASEAN as a non liberal security community and has emphasised the practice of self restraint, this article argues that past ASEAN practice has prevented a security community forming in Southeast Asia, and using self restraint as an explanation for why security communities create dependable expectations of peaceful change for members has resulted in the agency of 'community' being neglected. Hence, this article argues for the need to bring 'community' back.
Recent progresses of global minimum searches of nanoclusters with a constrained Basin Hopping algorithm in the TGMin program
Year: 2017

Finding the global minima of nanoclusters is of great importance in cluster science and nanoscience. We have developed an efficient global minimum search program, named Tsinghua Global Minimum (TGMin, first released in 2012) based on the Basin Hopping algorithm to find the global minima of nanoclusters, as well as periodic systems. We have recently made several improvements to the original Basin Hopping algorithm, including a constrained perturbation function, a covalent radius based relaxation algorithm, an improved ultrafast shape recognition algorithm, and a planeness check mechanism. The TGMin program has been successfully applied to search the global minima of a number of nanoclusters and periodic structures, including B30, B35, B36, B39, B40, CoB18 RhB18 MnB16 and Au7 on the a Al2O3(0 0 0 1) surface. An overview of the TGMin code and several of its recent applications are presented here.