nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
P[MMA IL]Xiu Shi Shi Mo Xi Xie Tong Diao Kong PVDFFu He Wu Jie Jing Yu Jie Dian Xing Wei
Year: 2016

Wei Gai Shan Shi Mo Xi (Gra)Zai Ju Pian Fu Yi Xi (PVDF)Zhong De Fen San Xing He Jie Mian Xing Zhi ,Yi Jia Ji Bing Xi Suan Jia Zhi (MMA)He 1 Yi Xi Ji 3 Yi Ji Mi Zuo Xiu Yan (IL)Wei Dan Ti He Cheng P[MMA IL]Gong Ju Wu ,Yong Yu Xiu Shi Shi Mo Xi (Gra),Bing Tong Guo Rong Ye Gong Hun Re Ya Fa Zhi Bei PVDF/PMMA, PVDF/P[MMA IL] PVDF/PMMA/GraHe PVDF/P[MMA IL]/GraFu He Bo Mo .Cai Yong RamanGuang Pu Chang Fa She Sao Miao Dian Zi Xian Wei Jing (FESEM) Fu Li Xie Bian Huan Fan She Hong Wai Guang Pu Fen Xi Yi (FTIR ATR) XShe Xian Yan She Yi (XRD) Pian Guang Xian Wei Jing (POM) Shi Chai Sao Miao Liang Re Yi (DSC)He Dian Gan Dian Rong Dian Zu Ce Shi Yi (LCR)Dui Fu He Bo Mo De Jie Gou Xing Tai Jie Jing Yu Jie Dian Xing Wei Jin Xing Biao Zheng He Fen Xi RamanGuang Pu Biao Ming P[MMA IL]Yu GraZhi Jian Cun Zai Qiang Xiang Hu Zuo Yong ;FESEMZhao Pian Xian Shi P[MMAIL]Neng Gou Cu Jin GraZai Ji Ti Zhong De Fen San ;DSC, XRDHe FTIR ATRShu Ju Biao Ming PMMAJiang Di PVDFDe Jie Jing Wen Du ,PMMAHe GraWei Neng You Dao Chu b PVDFJi Xing Jing Ti ,Er Dan Du De P[MMA IL]Hui Tong Guo Mi Zuo Yang Chi Zi Ou Ji Zi Zuo Yong You Dao b PVDFJing Ti ;Tong Guo Mi Zuo Yang Chi Zi pQiang Xiang Hu Zuo Yong ,P[MMA IL]Zai Mo Ban Ji GraBiao Mian Jin Xing Xiu Shi ,Xie Tong You Dao Zuo Yong Zeng Qiang POMZhao Pian Biao Ming a PVDFJing Ti Zai Sheng Chang Guo Cheng Zhong ,MMALian Duan Hui Qian Ru Dao Qiu Jing De Jing Pian Kong Xi Zhong ,Yin Qi Jie Gou Shu Song ;Chi Zi Ou Ji Zi He ILCheng He Zuo Yong Dao Zhi b PVDFJing Ti Chi Cun Jiao Xiao ,Jie Jing Jiao Kuai .Jie Dian Xing Wei Yan Jiu Biao Ming PMMAJi Qi Xiu Shi GraJiang Di PVDFDe Jie Jing Du He Lian Nong Du ,Dao Zhi Jie Mian Ji Hua He Qu Xiang Ji Hua Jiao Ruo ,Jie Dian Xiang Ying Jiao Ruo ;Er P[MMA IL]Xiu Shi GraYou Dao De b PVDFJing Ti Yi Ji ILLian Duan Zai Jie Mian De Chi Zi Ji Hua Shi De Jie Mian Ji Hua Zuo Yong Zeng Qiang ,Jie Dian Xiang Ying Zeng Qiang
Damage caused by spoilage bacteria to the structure of cattle hides and sheep skins
Year: 2016

Recently greater attention has been given to hides and skins because of the added value of processing them into leather and leather products. The study aimed to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria associated with damage to raw cattle hides and sheep/goat skins in Sudan. Probably due to poor hygiene and poor conditions in the slaughterhouses a total of 414 organisms were isolated (379 Grampositive and 35 Gramnegative bacteria) from fresh and washed hides and skins in the slaughterhouse, salted and dried hides and skins in warehouses where these was a delay in curing and the absence of bactericides. Other bacterial species were isolated from raw hides and skins which were delivered without treatment to the tannery. Staphylococcus spp. Micrococcus spp. Corynebacterium spp. Bacillus spp. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were the predominant microorganisms isolated. Histological examination of the putrefied areas showed that the epidermis became thin without cellular structure and appeared ribbon like and detached from the dermis whilst the dermis became loose. The bacterial damage was clear in raw hides and skins delivered without treatment and had lesions of putrefaction with St. equorum, St. gallinarum, Dermacoccus nishinomiyaenesis, Gardnerella vaginalis being isolated from putrefied hides and skins for the first time.  The bacterial activity affected skins and hides structures. The epidermis and dermis layers, which are valuable tissues in the leather industry and determine the quality of the leather were severely affected.
Numerical solution to the time independent inhomogeneous photoacoustic wave equation using the Born series methods.
Venue: Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision
Year: 2020

The traditional Born series (TBS) and convergent Born series (CBS) methods to numerically solve the time independent inhomogeneous photoacoustic (PA) wave equation are discussed. The performance of these algorithms is examined for a circular PA source (a disk of radius, ) in two dimensions. The speed of sound within the source region was gradually decreased from vs=1950 to 1200 m/s, but the same quantity for the ambient medium was fixed to vf=1500m/s. The PA fields were calculated over a large frequency band from f=7.3 to 2000 MHz. Accordingly, the wave number (kf=2pf/vf) varied from kf=0.03 to 8.38um 1. The TBS method does not offer converging solutions when kfa>=25 for vs=1950m/s and kfa>=9 for vs=1200m/s. These have been observed in both the near and far fields. However, the solutions for the CBS technique converge in all cases. Both methods facilitate accurate solutions if the computational domain contains a collection of monodisperse/polydisperse disks considered in this study. Our numerical results suggest that the CBS protocol can provide accurate solutions under various test conditions.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Year: 2012

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) was first described by von Graefe in 1866, who named it as 'relapsing central luetic retinitis'[1] A variety of names have since been used to describe this idiopathic detachment of the neurosensory retina.[2] It was more than 100 years later that Maumenee, using fluorescein angioscopy, noted that the detachment of the macula resulted from a leak at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)[5] Subsequently, Gass provided detailed descriptions of the fluorescein angiographic characteristics of CSC. In 1965 and 1967, the current terms of CSC3 and idiopathic central serous choroidopathy[4] (ICSC) were first introduced to describe the same disease.
No urban desert! Emergence and transformation of extended urban landscapes in Oman
Year: 2016

Like the metropolitan area, the landscapes of Oman ranging from the coastal plains of Al Batinah, to the plateaus of the Hajar Mountains, to the old cities in the Interior, the deserts of the Empty Quarter and beyond are subject to recent, dramatic changes. Multiple factors drive these changes induced by the discovery of oil in 1965, the gradual development of the economy since 1970 and followed by a demographic explosion thereafter. Housing for the population growing at 3% annually and provision of infrastructure in form of roads, ports, airports, schools, hospitals and mosques became a national planning priority (Development Council 1976) and the measure of progress as well as public satisfaction with the rule of the Sultan. Today, these processes manifest in an endless proliferation of individual residential houses sprawling across the Omani landscape and can be subsumed under the process of extended urbanisation as conceptualised on a global scale by (Schmidt and Brenner, 2014) The urban geography of Muscat Capital Area has been studied by (Scholz 1990) whilethe process of urbanisation and its effects on urbanised areas, urbanising areas and areas beyond have been researched by (Nebel and von Richthofen, Aurel 2016) As the research scope expands the definition of urban and rural in the Omani context need closer attention. Oman Muscat Al Batinah Dubai
Efficient Content Based Sparse Attention with Routing Transformers
Venue: TACL
Year: 2021

Self attention has recently been adopted for a wide range of sequence modeling problems. Despite its effectiveness, self attention suffers from quadratic computation and memory requirements with respect to sequence length. Successful approaches to reduce this complexity focused on attending to local sliding windows or a small set of locations independent of content. Our work proposes to learn dynamic sparse attention patterns that avoid allocating computation and memory to attend to content unrelated to the query of interest. This work builds upon two lines of research: It combines the modeling flexibility of prior work on content based sparse attention with the efficiency gains from approaches based on local, temporal sparse attention. Our model, the Routing Transformer, endows self attention with a sparse routing module based on online k means while reducing the overall complexity of attention to O(n1.5d) from O(n2d) for sequence length n and hidden dimension d. We show that our model outperforms comparable sparse attention models on language modeling on Wikitext 103 (15.8 vs 18.3 perplexity) as well as on image generation on ImageNet 64 (3.43 vs 3.44 bits/dim) while using fewer self attention layers. Additionally, we set a new state of the art on the newly released PG 19 data set, obtaining a test perplexity of 33.2 with a 22 layer Routing Transformer model trained on sequences of length 8192. We open source the code for Routing Transformer in
Anisotropic multicomponent topology optimization for additive manufacturing with build orientation design and stress constrained interfaces
Venue: Volume 1: 39th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
Year: 2019

This paper presents a multicomponent topology optimization method for designing structures assembled from additively manufactured components, considering anisotropic material behavior for each component due to its build orientation and distinct material behavior and stress constraint at component interfaces (i.e. joints) Based upon the multicomponent topology optimization (MTO) framework, the simultaneous optimization of structural topology, its partitioning, and the build orientations of each component is achieved that maximizes an assembly level structural stiffness performance, subject to a maximum stress constraint at component interfaces. The build orientations of each component are modeled by its orientation tensor that avoids numerical instability often experienced by the angular representation. A new joint model is introduced at component interfaces, which enables identifying the interface region, assigning a distinct tensor for the region, and imposing a maximum stress constraint in the region during optimization. Both 2D and 3D numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effect of the build orientation anisotropy and the component interface behavior on the resulting multicomponent assemblies. The example 3D assembly, optimized for a multi load condition, is fabricated for the purpose of demonstration.
Investigation on the adhesive characteristics of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) to steel bridge deck
Year: 2018

As a common form of deterioration, the interfacial de bonding between the steel bridge deck and pavement layers significantly affects the operation of steel bridges. This study proposed a medium early strength Engineered Cementitious Composites (MES ECC) with high ductility as the steel bridge deck pavement material. The adhesive characteristics of MES ECC to steel deck/stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture with epoxy resin and to steel plate with cotters were investigated via shear test and push out test, respectively. Additionally, the theoretical shear stress of MES ECC/steel deck under quasi static loading was analyzed using finite element method (FEM) Tested material performance results show that the MES ECC possesses high ductility, meanwhile, the compressive and flexural strength of the MES ECC at 3 days can reach 26 and 8 MPa, respectively, allowing the steel bridge to open traffic earlier, thus shorten the construction period. Considering the avoidance of slipping of interlayers between MES ECC and steel deck/SMA layer at different temperature exposures, the optimal epoxy resin dosage for interlayers of MES ECC/steel plate and MES ECC/SMA obtained from shear tests is 0.4 and 0.6 L/m2, respectively. The push out test shows that the MES ECC exhibits superior interaction effects with cotter in steel plate with higher ultimate push load and deformation in comparison with normal concrete and mortar. Finally, the results of FEM analysis indicate that the interfacial bonding mentioned in this study can satisfy the theoretical requirements of steel bridge deck pavement under quasi static loading.
Predictors of Non adherence in Patients Taking Psychotropic Medication and Suggestions to Improve
Year: 2017

Non adherence to treatment, especially medication is an important area of concern in psychiatry as it contributes to relapse and re hospitalization of the patients. One of the ways to improve drug adherence is to know crucial factors responsible for poor medication adherence so that proper management strategies may be planned to improve patients' drug adherence. This article reviews the literature of non adherence, discusses patients' reasons for failure to concord with medical advice, elect the predictors of and solutions to the problem of non adherence.  To discuss the aspects of medication adherence and definition about health behavior and it will examine the predictors of non adherence in those taking psychotropic medication and provide the physicians with various strategies for improving medication adherence among their patients.  We conducted a MEDLINE database literature search and science direct database were undertaken, limited to English language articles published between 1993 and 2014, using the following search terms: adherence, non adherence, compliance, Improve medication adherence, strategies for physicians and pharmacists to ensure medication adherence, pharmacotherapy.  Medication non adherence was significantly associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization, emergency room visits, homelessness and symptoms exacerbation. Non adherence was significantly more likely to have a history of medication non adherence, substance abuse or dependence, and difficulty recognizing her own symptoms. Patients who became medication non adherence were significantly less likely to have a good therapeutic alliance form during hospitalization and were more likely to have family members who refused to become involved in their treatment. Community psychiatric services can potentially use effective clinical interventions, approved by scientific evidence, for reducing patient non adherence. Strategies for adherence include raising information and skill levels, altering characteristics of the regimen, and improving the relationship between the provider and the patient. Provider and the patient awareness with regard to medication adherence can be enhanced with the creative application of behavioral contracts. Adherence promoting efforts can also include rewards and improvement strategies.
Evaluating the accessibility of three open source learning content management systems: A comparative study
Venue: Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ.
Year: 2014

Learning content management systems (LCMSs) have become increasingly popular in the educational field over the past few years. However, problems in system design can create difficulties in the interactions between LCMSs and an important sector of the user population. The assessment and monitoring of LCMS accessibility are vital for the guarantee of universal accessibility in education. This article presents a comparative study of the accessibility of three web based, open source LCMSs: Moodle, ATutor, and Sakai. Results of the study indicate that barriers to accessibility are present in each of the three systems evaluated. A primary aim of the study is to help detect and correct these barriers such that the goal of universal access in educational environments may one day be achieved.
The Effects of Yoga in Helping Cancer Patients and Caregivers Manage the Stress of a Natural Disaster: A Brief Report on Hurricane Harvey
Venue: Integrative cancer therapies
Year: 2019

This small qualitative study reports on the experiences of patients and family caregivers who participated in a dyadic yoga pilot trial while undergoing cancer treatment in the midst of Hurricane Harvey. Our primary purpose was to determine if participants implemented components of the program to cope with the stressors associated with Hurricane Harvey and if they perceived benefits from the yoga practices.  We administered brief semistructured interviews to the dyads participating in a dyadic yoga pilot trial. Participants (n 5 dyads) were asked to discuss their experience with Hurricane Harvey, including factors that helped them cope with the event while receiving treatment.  Patients had a mean age of 55.6 years, were mostly non Hispanic White, male, and had advance stage head and neck cancer. Caregivers had a mean age of 58 years and were mainly non Hispanic White and female. Analyses of the interviews revealed 2 overarching themes: (1) the storm's negative impact and (2) the use of yoga to cope with the hurricane related stressors.  Patient caregiver dyads experienced psychological distress during the storm and/or its aftermath. Dyads used yoga techniques to cope with these psychological stressors. Yoga served as a means of social support as dyads either participated in these activities together or with other family members.
Aquatic Plant Communities
Venue: CO2 and Plants
Year: 2019

This report evaluates the expected responses of aquatic plants to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO/sub 2/ We include aquatic plants with emergent foliage, as well as submersed macrophytes and microscopic algae and consider both freshwater and marine plants. We review known effects of inorganic carbon on aquatic plants, project the possible effects of a doubling in atmospheric CO/sub 2/ on aquatic plants, and discuss needed research on this problem. 192 references, 6 figures, 1 table.
A systematic review on the effects of resistance and plyometric training on physical fitness in youth What do comparative studies tell us?
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2018

To date, several meta analyses clearly demonstrated that resistance and plyometric training are effective to improve physical fitness in children and adolescents. However, a methodological limitation of meta analyses is that they synthesize results from different studies and hence ignore important differences across studies (i.e. mixing apples and oranges) Therefore, we aimed at examining comparative intervention studies that assessed the effects of age, sex, maturation, and resistance or plyometric training descriptors (e.g. training intensity, volume etc. on measures of physical fitness while holding other variables constant.  To identify relevant studies, we systematically searched multiple electronic databases (e.g. PubMed) from inception to March 2018. We included resistance and plyometric training studies in healthy young athletes and non athletes aged 6 to 18 years that investigated the effects of moderator variables (e.g. age, maturity, sex, etc. on components of physical fitness (i.e. muscle strength and power)  Our systematic literature search revealed a total of 75 eligible resistance and plyometric training studies, including 5,138 participants. Mean duration of resistance and plyometric training programs amounted to 8.9 3.6 weeks and 7.1+ 1.4 weeks, respectively. Our findings showed that maturation affects plyometric and resistance training outcomes differently, with the former eliciting greater adaptations pre peak height velocity (PHV) and the latter around and post PHV. Sex has no major impact on resistance training related outcomes (e.g. maximal strength, 10 repetition maximum) In terms of plyometric training, around PHV boys appear to respond with larger performance improvements (e.g. jump height, jump distance) compared with girls. Different types of resistance training (e.g. body weight, free weights) are effective in improving measures of muscle strength (e.g. maximum voluntary contraction) in untrained children and adolescents. Effects of plyometric training in untrained youth primarily follow the principle of training specificity. Despite the fact that only 6 out of 75 comparative studies investigated resistance or plyometric training in trained individuals, positive effects were reported in all 6 studies (e.g. maximum strength and vertical jump height, respectively)  The present review article identified research gaps (e.g. training descriptors, modern alternative training modalities) that should be addressed in future comparative studies.
1 Relevant Issues and Current Dimensions in Global Environmental Change
Year: 2017

Global environmental change (GEC) includes both systemic changes that operate globally through the major systems of the geosphere biosphere, and cumulative changes that represent the global accumulation of localized changes. The importance and awareness of GEC has greatly increased since the second UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992. During the last two decades, GEC research programs around the world have advanced our understanding of the Earth's ever changing physical, chemical, and biological systems and the growing human influences on these systems. On the basis of current knowledge attention is now focused on the critical unanswered scientific questions that must be resolved to fully understand and usefully predict future's GEC. It is hoped that measurable significant progress would be made in the forthcoming Earth Summit 2012, formerly known as United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) or Rio+20 scheduled for Rio de Janeiro in June 2012. Generally, the earth's climate system varies naturally across a range of temporal scales, including seasonal cycles, inter annual patterns such as the El Nino/La Nina Southern OscillationENSO, inter decadal cycles such as the North Atlantic and Pacific Decadal oscillations, and multimillenial scale changes such as glacial to inter glacial transitions (Harley et al. 2006) This natural variability is reflected in the evolutionary adaptations of species and large scale patterns of biogeography. In all, human activities play an important part in virtually all natural systems and are forces for change in the environment at local, regional, and even global scales. Human drivers of GEC include consumption of energy and natural resources, technological and economic choices, culture, and institutions. The effects of these drivers are seen in population growth and movement, changes in consumption, deor reforestation, land use change, and toleration or regulation of pollution, and other issues highlighted in section two of this chapter. For instance, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that, if global average temperatures exceed 2degC there will be irreversible impacts on water, ecosystems, food, coastal zones and human health. We have a 50% chance of avoiding a 2degC warming if we stabilize greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2 eq (parts per million carbon dioxide equivalents) Recent evidence suggests even more rapid
Reducing ventilator associated pneumonia through advanced oral dental care: a 48 month study.
Venue: American journal of critical care an official publication, American Association of Critical Care Nurses
Year: 2009

To determine the effect of implementing a comprehensive oral and dental care system and protocol on the rate of ventilator associated pneumonia.  Patients more than 18 years old receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in a medical intensive care unit at a university affiliated medical center were studied in 2 consecutive 24 month periods. Patients in the group studied before the intervention (n 779) had no oral assessments, no suctioning of the subglottic space, no toothbrushing, and suctioning of secretions in the oral cavity as needed. The group studied during the intervention (n 759) included patients treated under a protocol whereby the oral cavity was assessed, deep suctioning was done every 6 hours, oral tissue cleansing was done every 4 hours or as needed, and toothbrushing was done twice daily.  Compliance with protocol components exceeded 80% The groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, or severity of illness. The rate of ventilator associated pneumonia was 12.0 per 1000 ventilator days before the intervention and decreased to 8.0 per 1000 ventilator days during the intervention (P .06) Duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit differed significantly between groups, as did mortality.  Our findings suggest that use of advanced tools, a comprehensive oral care protocol, and staff compliance with the protocol can significantly reduce rates of ventilator associated pneumonia and associated costs.