nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
MECANISMOS DE PARTICIPACION CIUDADANA EN MEXICO, UN ANALISIS Y UNA COMPARACION DE LA NORMATIVA A NIVEL SUB NACIONAL
Year: 2019

espanolEn la mayoria de las entidades federativas del Estado mexicano se han ido creando gradualmente normativas que incluyen una serie de mecanismos de democracia directa, con la finalidad de ir empoderando a la ciudadana. En este contexto, el presente documento pretende realizar un estudio comparativo de las diferentes leyes de participacion ciudadana que existen a nivel local como una condicion imprescriptible de los regimenes democraticos, asi como los diferentes mecanismos que incluyen cada una de estas leyes y si estos mecanismos son realmente los adecuados que permitan una verdadera incidencia directa de los ciudadanos en la toma de decisiones, o si bien, si estos han sido aplicados rateramente desde su creacion para garantizar una mayor calidad de la democracia. EnglishIn the majority of the Federal Entities of the Mexican State, there has been a gradual creation of regulations that include a series of mechanisms of di rect democracy, with the main aim of empowering citizens. In this context, this current document pretends to do a comparative study of the different laws of citizen participation that exist in a local level as an imprescriptible condition of the democratic regimes, as well as the different mechanisms that include every one of these laws and if this mechanism are really the adequate ones to allow a truthful, direct incidence of the citizens in the decision making process, or if, such mechanisms have been applied in a sh ady way since their creation to guarantee a better quality of the democracy.
Face Liveness Detection Using Eulerian Video Magnification and SIFT Algorithm
Venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Information Systems (ICAIIS)
Year: 2020

In this paper, face liveness detection method which is based on very short video is proposed. Firstly, spatial and temporal video processing is performed by using Eulerian video magnification. Next, the matching pairs between frames are extracted from the original video. Then, the paper constructs the feature histogram from the color difference between two pixels according to SIFT matching pairs. Finally, we use SVM classifier to determine the liveness of the subject. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy is 95% and the liveness detection can be completed in less than one second without any specific user action.
The Co evolution of the Institutional Environments and Internationalization Experiences of Turkish Internationalizing Firms
Year: 2012

Expertly written by leading scholars from a range of different starting points, this compendium presents a synthesis of recent work relating to institutionally informed accounts from transitional and emerging markets, as well as from mature economies. It specifically focuses on the linkage between institutions and what goes on inside firms, and the relationship between setting, strategic choice and systemic outcomes.
A semi automated approach for structuring multi criteria decision problems
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Year: 2013

This article seeks to enhance multi criteria decision making by providing a scientific approach for decomposing and structuring decision problems. We propose a process, based on concept mapping, which integrates group creativity techniques, card sorting procedures, quantitative data analysis and algorithmic automatization to construct meaningful and complete hierarchies of criteria. The algorithmic aspect is covered by a newly proposed recursive cluster algorithm, which automatically generates hierarchies from card sorting data. Based on comparison with another basic algorithm and empirical engineered and real case test data, we validate that our process efficiently produces reasonable hierarchies of descriptive elements like goal or problem criteria.
Multi stable mechanical metamaterials by elastic buckling instability
Venue: Journal of Materials Science
Year: 2018

The mechanical responses of two novel kinds of two dimensional (2D) mechanical metamaterials containing opposite or parallel snapping curved (U shaped) segments with elastic snap through instability mechanism are systematically investigated. Under uniaxial loading, the metamaterials undergo a large deformation caused by stiffness mismatch between snapping (buckling instabilities) and supporting (relative stiffer/thicker) components, exhibiting very small transverse deformation after every snapping. Based on the multi stable mechanism, phase transformation/shape reconfiguration and zero Poisson's ratio are achieved up to large morphological change. Nonlinear mechanical responses including self recovering snapping and multi stability enabling snapping behaviors can be generated by tuning the geometric parameters (the relative thickness of the snapping and supporting segments as well as the amplitude of the snapping curved segments) Then topology analysis is carried out to develop the 2D structures to a series of 3D hierarchical configurations from which can be chosen for various engineering conditions with enhanced snapping mechanism. Specifically, multi stable/shape reconfigurable tubes and cylinders are designed using the 3D configurations. Besides, one of the 3D metamaterials is developed for functional applications as shock absorber and damper, i.e. the process from fully stretched state to fully compacted state is used to absorb energy and reduce incoming pressure with small stiffness and strength; then the fully compacted metamaterials are used to carry load and attenuate vibration with relative bigger stiffness and strength. This work gives advance to the design, analysis and manufacture of functionally reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials.
Contract as Swag
Year: 2019

In the past, legal scholars have analogized the contract to a product, a social artifact, and a form of technology. In this Article, we suggest that contracts may also be usefully analogized to swag. The term "swag" refers to branded merchandise that is given away for free to people who attend or participate in an event. Companies and law firms increasingly give away contracts and specific contract provisions to contract users with the goal of enhancing their reputations. In so doing, they deploy their contracts in a manner that bears more than a passing resemblance to a water bottle or tote bag emblazoned with the name of a law firm. There are a number of benefits that flow from conceptualizing contracts as a form of swag. First, the analogy helps to explain why lawyers would invest time and energy in developing contract innovations that are ineligible for formal intellectual property protections. Second, the analogy provides important insights into how and why some contractual innovations become widely known in the years after their creation while others languish in obscurity. Third, and finally, the analogy highlights the futility in attempting to develop an all encompassing theory of contractual innovation.
Explainable Image Classification with Evidence Counterfactual
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

The complexity of state of the art modeling techniques for image classification impedes the ability to explain model predictions in an interpretable way. Existing explanation methods generally create importance rankings in terms of pixels or pixel groups. However, the resulting explanations lack an optimal size, do not consider feature dependence and are only related to one class. Counterfactual explanation methods are considered promising to explain complex model decisions, since they are associated with a high degree of human interpretability. In this paper, SEDC is introduced as a model agnostic instance level explanation method for image classification to obtain visual counterfactual explanations. For a given image, SEDC searches a small set of segments that, in case of removal, alters the classification. As image classification tasks are typically multiclass problems, SEDC T is proposed as an alternative method that allows specifying a target counterfactual class. We compare SEDC( T) with popular feature importance methods such as LRP, LIME and SHAP, and we describe how the mentioned importance ranking issues are addressed. Moreover, concrete examples and experiments illustrate the potential of our approach (1) to obtain trust and insight, and (2) to obtain input for model improvement by explaining misclassifications.
Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review.
Venue: Meat science
Year: 2008

This paper reviews the factors affecting the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle in pigs, sheep and cattle and shows that a major factor is the total amount of fat. The effects of fatty acid composition on meat quality are also reviewed. Pigs have high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including the long chain (C20 22) PUFA in adipose tissue and muscle. The full range of PUFA are also found in sheep adipose tissue and muscle whereas cattle 'conserve' long chain PUFA in muscle phospholipid. Linoleic acid (18:2n 6) is a major ingredient of feeds for all species. Its incorporation into adipose tissue and muscle in relation to the amount in the diet is greater than for other fatty acids. It is deposited in muscle phospholipid at a high level where it and its long chain products eg aracidonic acid (20:4n 6) compete well for insertion into phospholipid molecules. Its proportion in pig adipose tissue declines as fat deposition proceeds and is an index of fatness. The same inverse relationships are not seen in ruminant adipose tissue but in all species the proportion of 18:2n 6 declines in muscle as fat deposition increases. The main reason is that phospholipid, where 18:2n 6 is located, declines as a proportion of muscle lipid and the proportion of neutral lipid, with its higher content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, increases. Oleic acid (18:1cis 9) formed from stearic acid (18:0) by the enzyme stearoyl Co A desaturase, is a major component of neutral lipid and in ruminants the same enzyme forms conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) an important nutrient in human nutrition. Like 18:2n 6, a linolenic acid (18:3n 3) is an essential fatty acid and is important to ruminants since it is the major fatty acid in grass. However it does not compete well for insertion into phospholipid compared with 18:2n 6 and its incorporation into adipose tissue and muscle is less efficient. Greater biohydrogenation of 18:3n 3 and a long rumen transit time for forage diets also limits the amount available for tissue uptake compared with 18:2n 6 from concentrate diets. A positive feature of grass feeding is that levels of the nutritionally important long chain n 3 PUFA are increased ie EPA (20:5n 3) and DHA (22:6n 3) Future research should focus on increasing n 3 PUFA proportions in lean carcasses and the use of biodiverse pastures and conservation processes which retain the benefits of fresh leafy grass offer opportunities to achieve this. The varying fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue and muscle have profound effects on meat quality. Fatty acid composition determines the firmness/oiliness of adipose tissue and the oxidative stability of muscle, which in turn affects flavour and muscle colour. Vitamin E is an essential nutrient, which stabilises PUFA and has a central role in meat quality, particularly in ruminants.
Duloxetine in treatment of refractory chronic tennis elbow: Two case reports
Venue: Journal of medical case reports
Year: 2008

IntroductionTennis elbow is a common musculoskeletal disorder; management options include physiotherapeutic, medical, surgical, and other forms of intervention. Some patients remain symptomatic despite best efforts. We present two patients who did not respond to medical and surgical treatments, and whose symptoms were relieved with duloxetine. This is the first report on the use of duloxetine to treat tennis elbow.Case presentationTwo mentally healthy young Asian women aged 32 and 27 years, each with tennis elbow of about 18 months duration continued to suffer pain despite treatment with analgesics, local steroid injections, physiotherapy, cryotherapy, ultrasound, and surgical release, among other interventions. Both showed substantial improvement within 4 to 6 weeks of receiving monotherapy with duloxetine 60 mg/day. Both were pain free with continued treatment at a 6 month follow up.ConclusionDuloxetine may be a useful treatment option in patients with chronic tennis elbow, even those who have failed conventional medical, physiotherapeutic, surgical, and other forms of management.
Immunomodulation By Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) Is Triggered Through Phagocytosis of MSC By Monocytic Cells
Venue: Stem cells
Year: 2018

Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) are under investigation as a potential immunotherapy. MSC are usually administered via intravenous infusion, after which they are trapped in the lungs and die and disappear within a day. The fate of MSC after their disappearance from the lungs is unknown and it is unclear how MSC realize their immunomodulatory effects in their short lifespan. We examined immunological mechanisms determining the fate of infused MSC and the immunomodulatory response associated with it. Tracking viable and dead human umbilical cord MSC (ucMSC) in mice using Qtracker beads (contained in viable cells) and Hoechst33342 (staining all cells) revealed that viable ucMSC were present in the lungs immediately after infusion. Twenty four hours later, the majority of ucMSC were dead and found in the lungs and liver where they were contained in monocytic cells of predominantly non classical Ly6Clow phenotype. Monocytes containing ucMSC were also detected systemically. In vitro experiments confirmed that human CD14+/CD16 classical monocytes polarized toward a non classical CD14++CD16+CD206+ phenotype after phagocytosis of ucMSC and expressed programmed death ligand 1 and IL 10, while TNF a was reduced. ucMSC primed monocytes induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cell formation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. These results demonstrate that infused MSC are rapidly phagocytosed by monocytes, which subsequently migrate from the lungs to other body sites. Phagocytosis of ucMSC induces phenotypical and functional changes in monocytes, which subsequently modulate cells of the adaptive immune system. It can be concluded that monocytes play a crucial role in mediating, distributing, and transferring the immunomodulatory effect of MSC. Stem Cells 2018;36:602 615
RDP GAN: A Renyi Differential Privacy based Generative Adversarial Network
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Generative adversarial network (GAN) has attracted increasing attention recently owing to its impressive ability to generate realistic samples with high privacy protection. Without directly interactive with training examples, the generative model can be fully used to estimate the underlying distribution of an original dataset while the discriminative model can examine the quality of the generated samples by comparing the label values with the training examples. However, when GANs are applied on sensitive or private training examples, such as medical or financial records, it is still probable to divulge individuals' sensitive and private information. To mitigate this information leakage and construct a private GAN, in this work we propose a Renyi differentially private GAN (RDP GAN) which achieves differential privacy (DP) in a GAN by carefully adding random noises on the value of the loss function during training. Moreover, we derive the analytical results of the total privacy loss under the subsampling method and cumulated iterations, which show its effectiveness on the privacy budget allocation. In addition, in order to mitigate the negative impact brought by the injecting noise, we enhance the proposed algorithm by adding an adaptive noise tuning step, which will change the volume of added noise according to the testing accuracy. Through extensive experimental results, we verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve a better privacy level while producing high quality samples compared with a benchmark DP GAN scheme based on noise perturbation on training gradients.
Interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus in cystic fibrosis
Venue: PeerJ
Year: 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus are pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection with P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus results in worsening lung function and clinical condition.  In this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus in CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms.  P. aeruginosa inhibits A. fumigatus growth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants. P. aeruginosa induces A. fumigatus growth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines. A. fumigatus interferes with P. aeruginosa, affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity.  Coexistence of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus can lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus interaction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.
Auditor fees and audit quality
Year: 2007

The paper aims to examine the relation between fees paid to auditors and audit quality during the period of 2000 2003.  The paper constructs a measure of auditor profitability that is used as a proxy for auditor independence. The methodology is grounded in the notion that auditor independence is influenced by effort and risk adjusted fees, rather than the level of fees received from clients. Since, risk and effort are unobservable, the paper uses proxies based on client size, complexity and risk to estimate abnormal fees. Abnormal fees are derived using a fee estimation model drawn from prior literature. The paper employs two metrics to assess audit quality the standard deviation of residuals from regressions relating current accruals to cash flows and the absolute value of performance adjusted discretionary accruals.  The paper documents a statistically significant negative association between total fees and both audit quality proxies over all years. These findings are robust to a variety of additional tests and several alternative design specifications. The results (pre and post SOX) are consistent with economic bonding being a determinant of auditor behavior rather than auditor reputational concerns.  The possibility that the empirical tests do not completely capture the impact of unobserved risk cannot be ruled out, though the paper attempts to do so by employing alternative specifications and sensitivity tests.  Policy makers should note that current restrictions on the provision of non audit services may not sufficiently resolve the issue of economic bonding and its impact on auditor independence.  In contrast to previous studies whose results are ambiguous, the paper finds a statistically significant positive association between several measures of total fees (it uses size adjusted and abnormal fees) and two metrics of accruals quality in all years (2000 2003) consistent with economic bonding being a determinant of auditor behavior rather then auditor reputation concerns.
The UK's corporate killing law: Un/fit for purpose?
Year: 2018

The annual total of occupational deaths in the UK is measured in the tens of thousands, yet the overwhelming majority attract no criminal justice attention. More recently, a very small number of deaths have generated attempts to prosecute companies for manslaughter. In 1996, following a series of multiple fatality 'disasters' the Law Commission proposed for a new law on corporate manslaughter; in 2008, the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 came into force. It is with the implementation and effects of this Act that this article is concerned. It begins by setting out the dimensions of the new law before analysing the key themes that have emerged from its use to date. In conclusion, I consider whether the law has proven to be unfit for purpose which begs the question of what that purpose might have been.
Empirical evaluation of 20 web form optimization guidelines
Venue: CHI Extended Abstracts
Year: 2013

Most websites use interactive online forms as a main contact point to users. Recently, many publications aim at optimizing web forms. In contrast to former research that focused at the evaluation of single guidelines, the present study shows in a controlled lab experiment with n=23 participants the combined effectiveness of 20 guidelines on real company web forms. Results indicate that optimized web forms lead to faster completion times, less form submission trials, fewer eye fixations and higher user satisfaction in comparison to the original forms.
De Bacharel a Professor: o ser docente no ensino universitario
Year: 2019

A transformacao que vem ocorrendo na contemporaneidade vem mudando o cenario das instituicoes de ensino superior e seus agentes. As politicas assertivas de expansao e democratizacao vao configurando um novo perfil de alunos e por consequencia dos profissionais que sao formados nessas instituicoes. Diante dessas mudancas, a formacao dos docentes universitarios passa a ser objeto de estudo, visto que, a esses sao confiados a formacao desses profissionais. O presente estudo se insere na linha de pesquisa Educacao, Curriculo e Praticas Pedagogicas, vinculada ao Programa de Pos Graduacao em Educacao da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Tem o objetivo de analisar como foi constituido o ser docente dos professores bachareis do ensino superior. Foi produzido a partir de um grupo de investigacao formado por docentes bachareis do quadro efetivo da UFRN, com jornadas de trabalho de 20h semanais e que exercem sua profissao de formacao, concomitantemente, fora da universidade. Enquadra se como uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com aplicacao de ferramentas para a coleta e analise de dados, apresentada de forma descritiva, utilizando questionarios com perguntas abertas e fechadas, alem de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo necessario chegar a descricoes detalhadas, fazendo uso de gravador para isso e utilizando como instrumento para analise de dados a Analise de Conteudos de Bardin (2011) Foi tido como resultado o encontro de tres categorias que envolve o ser docente: formador de futuras geracoes; ensinar; doacao e ainda acreditam que sua experiencia profissional e fator significativo para serem docentes. A concepcao do ser docente para esse professor bacharel e que mesmo com a falta de cursar disciplinas de cunho didatico pedagogico em sua formacao inicial, constroem seu ser docente atraves de outras competencias e habilidades construidas ao longo de sua pratica, mas veem a necessidade de um aprofundamento na formacao pedagogica.