nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Climate change now detectable from any single day of weather at global scale
Venue: Nature Climate Change
Year: 2020

For generations, climate scientists have educated the public that 'weather is not climate' and climate change has been framed as the change in the distribution of weather that slowly emerges from large variability over decades 1 7 However, weather when considered globally is now in uncharted territory. Here we show that on the basis of a single day of globally observed temperature and moisture, we detect the fingerprint of externally driven climate change, and conclude that Earth as a whole is warming. Our detection approach invokes statistical learning and climate model simulations to encapsulate the relationship between spatial patterns of daily temperature and humidity, and key climate change metrics such as annual global mean temperature or Earth's energy imbalance. Observations are projected onto this relationship to detect climate change. The fingerprint of climate change is detected from any single day in the observed global record since early 2012, and since 1999 on the basis of a year of data. Detection is robust even when ignoring the long term global warming trend. This complements traditional climate change detection, but also opens broader perspectives for the communication of regional weather events, modifying the climate change narrative: while changes in weather locally are emerging over decades, global climate change is now detected instantaneously. Detection and attribution typically aims to find long term climate signals in internal, often short term variability. Here, common methods are extended to high frequency temperature and humidity data, detecting instantaneous, global scale climate change since 1999 for any year and 2012 for any day.
Application of ERCP in treatment of biliary acute pancreatits
Year: 2008

To study the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiop ancreatography(ERCP) in the treatment of biliary acute pancreatits(BAP).MethodsRetrospectively analyze 132 patients with BAP who received comprehensive treatment together with ERCP and endoscopilc sphincterotormy(EST) from January 1999 to December 2006.ResultsOne hundred and twenty four cases were succeeded.No sever complication occurred such as perforation,hemorrhage and acute chloangitis.ConclusionThe technique of ERCP is of great value in the treatment of BAP.
Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulators IDO, VISTA, LAG3, and TIM3 in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Venue: Cancers
Year: 2021

Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is deadly, and new treatments are urgently needed. Pancreatic cancer, in particular, effectively escapes the immune response, which is why drugs are developed that stimulate the immune system to remove the tumor. Here, we investigated potential drug targets, the checkpoint inhibitors IDO, VISTA, LAG3, and TIM3. If these checkpoint molecules are associated with poor survival, inhibitory drugs could improve survival. We analyzed 153 pancreatic cancer patients and assessed the expression of checkpoint molecules using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. More than two immune checkpoint molecules were not co expressed in relevant numbers at the same time. Patients with IDO expressing tumors had better survival. VISTA, LAG3, and TIM3 expression did not correlate with survival. We expect that immune checkpoint inhibitors against VISTA, LAG3, and TIM3 will not improve patient survival. Our findings complement the picture of pancreatic cancer as highly inaccessible by immune checkpoint inhibitors.  Pancreatic cancer features elaborate mechanisms of immune evasion. The potential of new immune molecules was explored to restore the antitumor immune response. If these immune molecules are associated with poor survival, specific drugs could take effect. Here, we analyze the expression of VISTA, LAG3, IDO, and TIM3 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and its impact on patient survival. We analyzed 153 pancreatic cancer patients from the prospectively managed database of the multicentered PANCALYZE study. Immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray assessed VISTA, LAG3, IDO, and TIM3 expression of TILs from the patients undergoing primary resection. Complementarily, we analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data (n 903) Successful completion of chemotherapy, and lymph node status were independent predictors of survival in the multivariate analysis of the clinicopathologic parameters. Fifteen tumors were exclusively VISTA positive, thirteen tumors expressed VISTA together with TIM3, and ten tumors expressed VISTA together with IDO. Patients featuring tumors with high numbers of IDO positive TILs had better patient survival (p 0.037) VISTA, LAG3, and TIM3 expression did not correlate with survival. The analysis of publicly available data did not show survival differences. Tumors rarely co express more than two immune molecules at the same time, and VISTA is most frequently co expressed. Although IDO generally inhibits T cell proliferation, a high expression of IDO was associated with improved survival. We expect immune checkpoint inhibitors against VISTA, LAG3, and TIM3 to be inefficient in a clinical application.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Study Habits on Academic Performance among Nursing Students at GRT college of Nursing,Tiruttani.
Year: 2017

Study Habits can be defined as buying out a dedicated scheduled and interrupted time to apply one's self to the task of learning. Without it, one does not grow and becomes self limiting in life.This Pre experimental research design was adapted to assess the effectiveness of STP on study habits on academic performance among nursing students. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample and the sample size was 30 2 ND year BSc(Nursing) students. Data were collected by using of demographic variable and Academic performance scale (J.DuPaul) Analysis of data was done by using Descriptive and Inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the good study habits had improved the academic performance and also it shows the difference in mean and standard deviation of nursing students academic performance before STP on study habits (M=49.3,SD=5.6),whereas the academic performance of students after STP on study habits (M =61.2,SD=5.14).The difference was statistically significant at (p<0.001) and can be attributed to the effectiveness of STP on study habits on academic performance.
Soziale Identitat und Massenereignisse
Year: 2008

Fast taglich finden in der westlichen Welt Massenereignisse statt politische Demonstrationen, nicht gesellschaftlich akzeptierte Jugendaktivitaten, grose Sportereignisse. Wahrend die meisten dieser Veranstaltungen in der Regel geordnet und friedlich ablaufen, munden einige in Zusammenstose und Ausschreitungen. Seit 2001 hat eine schwedische Forschungsgruppe eine grose Anzahl Beobachtungsstudien von Massenereignissen durchgefuhrt, um die Interaktionsdynamiken zwischen und innerhalb der beteiligten Gruppen zu untersuchen. Es ist eine weit verbreitete Auffassung, dass in einer Gruppensituation Individuen ihre Identitat sowie mentale Blockaden verlieren und sich wie eine tierische Horde benehmen. Eine Vielzahl von Forschungsergebnissen hat jedoch gezeigt, dass die einzelnen Personen nicht ihre individuelle Identitat verlieren, sondern dass durch das Verhalten anderer Gruppen der Raum fur eine soziale Identitat geschaffen werden kann. Im Zusammenspiel mit anderen Gruppen, etwa mit Polizeikraften, kann die soziale Identitat eine friedliche und disziplinierte, aber auch eine aggressive und gewalttatige sein. Die Erklarungen fur Ausschreitungen mussen nicht etwa in den einzelnen Gruppen gesucht werden, sondern in dem Zusammenspiel zwischen den sich gegenuberstehenden Gruppen. Die meisten Forschungen uber Ausschreitungen haben sich auf die Aktivisten konzentriert, oder, bis zu einem gewissen Grad, auf die Interaktionen zwischen Polizei und Aktivisten. Nur sehr wenig wurde in Bezug auf die Dynamiken innerhalb der beteiligten Gruppen geforscht, das heist innerhalb der Gruppe der Polizeikrafte oder innerhalb der Gruppe der Aktivisten. Daruber hinaus wurden Massenereignisse bisher nicht systematisch unter Hinzuziehung individualpsychologischer Theorien untersucht wie etwa Theorien uber das Selbst.
Wikipedia Based Semantic Similarity Measurements for Noisy Short Texts Using Extended Naive Bayes
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing
Year: 2015

This paper proposes a Wikipedia based semantic similarity measurement method that is intended for real world noisy short texts. Our method is a kind of explicit semantic analysis (ESA) which adds a bag of Wikipedia entities (Wikipedia pages) to a text as its semantic representation and uses the vector of entities for computing the semantic similarity. Adding related entities to a text, not a single word or phrase, is a challenging practical problem because it usually consists of several subproblems, e.g. key term extraction from texts, related entity finding for each key term, and weight aggregation of related entities. Our proposed method solves this aggregation problem using extended naive Bayes, a probabilistic weighting mechanism based on the Bayes' theorem. Our method is effective especially when the short text is semantically noisy, i.e. they contain some meaningless or misleading terms for estimating their main topic. Experimental results on Twitter message and Web snippet clustering revealed that our method outperformed ESA for noisy short texts. We also found that reducing the dimension of the vector to representative Wikipedia entities scarcely affected the performance while decreasing the vector size and hence the storage space and the processing time of computing the cosine similarity.
Airway management of a neonate with a rare congenital palatoglossal synechiae
Venue: Paediatric anaesthesia
Year: 2008

1 Black AE. Laryngospasm in pediatric practice. Pediatr Anesth 2008; 18: 279 280. 2 Alalami AA, Ayoub CM, Baraka AS. Laryngospasm: review of different prevention and treatment modalities. Pediatr Anesth 2008; 18: 281 288. 3 Flick R, Wilder RT, SF Pieper S et al. Risk factors for laryngospasm in children during general anesthesia. Pediatr Anesth 2008;  296. 4 Burgoyne Land Anghelescu DL. Intervention steps for treating laryngospasm in pediatric patients. Pediatr Anesth 2008; 18: 297 302. 5 Hampson Evans D, Morgan P, Farrar M. Pediatric laryngospasm. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 303 307. 6 Perkner JJ, Fennelly KP, Balkissoon R et al. Irritant associated vocal cord dysfunction.  1998; 40: 136 144. 7 Harmon A, Khursandi DC. Paradoxical vocal cord motion a dangerous imitator of airway emergencies. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007; 35: 105 109. 8 Cline EC, Davis R, Burkard JF. Vocal cord dysfunction: a case report.  2006; 74: 375 378. 9 Larsen B, Caruso LJ, Villariet DB. Paradoxical vocal cord motion: an often misdiagnosed cause of postoperative stridor.  Anaesth 2004; 16: 230 234. 10 Roberts KW, Crnkovic A, Steiniger JR. Post anesthesia paradoxical vocal cord motion successfully treated with midazolam. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 517 519. 11 Murray DM, Lawler PG. All that wheezes is not asthma. Anaesthesia 1998;  Appelblatt NH, Baker SR. Functional upper airway obstruction.  Patterson DL, O'Connell E.J. Vocal dysfunction: what have we learned in 150 years? Insights Allergy 1994; 9: 6 12. 14 Lewis KE. Transtracheal lignocaine: effective treatment for postextubation stridor. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007; 35: 128 131.
Adaptive Generalized ZEM ZEV Feedback Guidance for Planetary Landing via a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Precision landing on large and small planetary bodies is a technology of utmost importance for future human and robotic exploration of the solar system. In this context, the Zero Effort Miss/Zero Effort Velocity (ZEM/ZEV) feedback guidance algorithm has been studied extensively and is still a field of active research. The algorithm, although powerful in terms of accuracy and ease of implementation, has some limitations. Therefore with this paper we present an adaptive guidance algorithm based on classical ZEM/ZEV in which machine learning is used to overcome its limitations and create a closed loop guidance algorithm that is sufficiently lightweight to be implemented on board spacecraft and flexible enough to be able to adapt to the given constraint scenario. The adopted methodology is an actor critic reinforcement learning algorithm that learns the parameters of the above mentioned guidance architecture according to the given problem constraints.
Early Stage Brain Tumor Detection on MRI Image Using a Hybrid Technique
Venue: 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP)
Year: 2020

One of the robust issues facing the world today is a brain tumor, out of many diseases in the medical sciences. Brain Tumor is a cellular proliferation in the brain that is uncontrolled. Early detection and diagnosis can reduce the mortality rate significantly. In this paper, a tumor detection algorithm has proposed based on support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network. The proposed algorithm is divided into gradient intensity smoothing based edge preservation, image enhancement, SVM based segmentation, features extraction, and classification. To measure the performances of the proposed algorithm is tested on the BRATS dataset image. Experimental result has shown that the proposed algorithm achieved 97.7% accuracy, which is better than many existing algorithms.
Global fire emissions estimates during 1997 2016
Year: 2017

Climate, land use, and other anthropogenic and natural drivers have the potential to influence fire dynamics in many regions. To develop a mechanistic understanding of the changing role of these drivers and their impact on atmospheric composition, long term fire records are needed that fuse information from different satellite and in situ data streams. Here we describe the fourth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) and quantify global fire emissions patterns during 1997 2016. The modeling system, based on the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model, has several modifications from the previous version and uses higher quality input datasets. Significant upgrades include (1) new burned area estimates with contributions from small fires, (2) a revised fuel consumption parameterization optimized using field observations, (3) modifications that improve the representation of fuel consumption in frequently burning landscapes, and (4) fire severity estimates that better represent continental differences in burning processes across boreal regions of North America and Eurasia. The new version has a higher spatial resolution (0.25deg) and uses a different set of emission factors that separately resolves trace gas and aerosol emissions from temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Global mean carbon emissions using the burned area dataset with small fires (GFED4s) were 2.2 x 1015 grams of carbon per year (Pg C yr 1) during 1997 2016, with a maximum in 1997 (3.0 Pg C yr 1) and minimum in 2013 (1.8 Pg C yr 1) These estimates were 11 higher than our previous estimates (GFED3) during 1997 2011, when the two datasets overlapped. This net increase was the result of a substantial increase in burned area (37 mostly due to the inclusion of small fires, and a modest decrease in mean fuel consumption 19 to better match estimates from field studies, primarily in savannas and grasslands. For trace gas and aerosol emissions, differences between GFED4s and GFED3 were often larger due to the use of revised emission factors. If small fire burned area was excluded (GFED4 without the s for small fires) average emissions were 1.5 Pg C yr 1. The addition of small fires had the largest impact on emissions in temperate North America, Central America, Europe, and temperate Asia. This small fire layer carries substantial uncertainties; improving these estimates will require use of new burned area products derived from high resolution satellite imagery. Our revised dataset provides an internally consistent set of burned area and emissions that may contribute to a better understanding of multi decadal changes in fire dynamics and their impact on the Earth system. GFED data are available from http:/www.globalfiredata.org
PENGUKURAN VISKOSITAS MINYAK GORENG PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI SUHU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR FIBER OPTIK
Year: 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap viskositas minyak goreng, pengaruh suhu terhadap intensitas keluaran fiber optik, dan mengetahui konversi skala intensitas menjadi skala viskositas. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua alat utama, yaitu Viskometer Redwood dan Fiber Optik Plastik (FOP) tipe SH 4001 1.3. Pengukuran viskositas minyak goreng menggunakan Viskometer Redwood dilakukan dengan variabel bebas yaitu suhu sebesar 27degC, 35degC, 40degC, 50degC, 60degC, 70degC, dan 80degC. Hasil pengukuran berupa waktu tetes redwood. Dengan menggunakan persamaan viskositas, nilai viskositas minyak goreng dapat ditentukan. Hasil viskositas minyak goreng ini kemudian di plotkan kedalam grafik sehingga diketauhi hubungan antara suhu dengan viskositas. Pengukuran intensitas keluaran fiber optik dilakukan dengan mengupas jaket fiber optik yang dimasukkan ke dalam medium minyak goreng. Cahaya yang bersumber dari laser HeNe melewati fiber optik tersebut dan mengenai detektor OPM. Intensitas dalam dBm diukur setiap suhunya, kemudian diplotkan ke dalam grafik sehingga diketahui hubungan antara suhu minyak goreng dengan intensitas keluaran fiber optik. Grafik viskositas dan intensitas di transformasi menggunakan transformasi ln dan dicari persamaan konversi skala intensitas menjadi skala viskositas. Diperoleh hasil bahwa pengaruh kenaikan suhu terhadap viskositas minyak goreng yaitu eksponensial negatif, sedangkan pengaruh kenaikan suhu terhadap intensitas keluaran fiber optik yaitu eksponensial positif. Hasil dari transformasi grafik diperoleh persamaan konversi.
Where's dad? Exploring the low take up of inclusive parenting policies in the UK
Venue: Policy Studies
Year: 2019

This research explores approaches to promoting gender equality in the workplace by highlighting barriers to take up of statutory policies designed to increase fathers' involvement in childcare. Specifically, the paper examines why take up of Shared Parental Leave (SPL) designed to improve gender equality in the workplace and home, has been low in the UK. There is a dearth of academic literature in this area. Extant grey literature suggests financial barriers, maternal gatekeeping and the perceived effects of extended leave on fathers' careers are key, but fails to explore other barriers, or the variations in take up. We interviewed 70 men and women entitled to SPL to address these limitations. We identify new barriers, notably poor policy communication at an organizational level, perceived policy complexity and societal expectations around maternal identities, while also showing how these barriers affect different groups of parents. We find professional couples are most likely to take SPL, particularly where the mother earns more or the father's company enhances Shared Parental Pay. The complex, multiple barriers parents face also differ, according to the couple's educational background and the workplace culture. Finally, we offer recommendations for increasing SPL take up and driving workplace gender equality in the UK and internationally.
Blockchain enabled circular supply chain management: A system architecture for fast fashion
Venue: Comput. Ind.
Year: 2020

Circular supply chain management is required for firms to transition from a linear make use dispose economic model to a more sustainable circular economy. However, it faces the critical challenge of tracing the reuse of materials over multiple life cycles involving a variety of stakeholders. Blockchain technology can help manage the complexities of circular supply chain management. This paper takes the first step in developing a system architecture of blockchain enabled circular supply chain management in the fast fashion industry. The system architecture was validated by two experts in blockchain technology and supply chain management. Managerial implications are discussed for implementing blockchain technology to advance the circular economy agenda.
Post fire vegetation succession in the Siberian subarctic tundra over 45 years.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2020

Wildfires are relatively rare in subarctic tundra ecosystems, but they can strongly change ecosystem properties. Short term fire effects on subarctic tundra vegetation are well documented, but long term vegetation recovery has been studied less. The frequency of tundra fires will increase with climate warming. Understanding the long term effects of fire is necessary to predict future ecosystem changes. We used a space for time approach to assess vegetation recovery after fire over more than four decades. We studied soil and vegetation patterns on three large fire scars >44, 28 and 12 years old) in dry, lichen dominated forest tundra in Western Siberia. On 60 plots, we determined soil temperature and permafrost thaw depth, sampled vegetation and measured plant functional traits. We assessed trends in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to support the field based results on vegetation recovery. Soil temperature, permafrost thaw depth and total vegetation cover had recovered to pre fire levels after >44 years, as well as total vegetation cover. In contrast, after >44 years, functional groups had not recovered to the pre fire state. Burnt areas had lower lichen and higher bryophyte and shrub cover. The dominating shrub species, Betula nana, exhibited a higher vitality (higher specific leaf area and plant height) on burnt compared with control plots, suggesting a fire legacy effect in shrub growth. Our results confirm patterns of shrub encroachment after fire that were detected before in other parts of the Arctic and Subarctic. In the so far poorly studied Western Siberian forest tundra we demonstrate for the first time, long term fire legacies on the functional composition of relatively dry shrub and lichen dominated vegetation.
Reducing risks to food security from climate change
Year: 2016

Climate change will have far reaching impacts on crop, livestock and fisheries production, and will change the prevalence of crop pests. Many of these impacts are already measurable. Climate impact studies are dominated by those on crop yields despite the limitations of climate crop modelling, with very little attention paid to more systems components of cropping, let alone other dimensions of food security. Given the serious threats to food security, attention should shift to an action oriented research agenda, where we see four key challenges: (a) changing the culture of research; (b) deriving stakeholder driven portfolios of options for farmers, communities and countries; (c) ensuring that adaptation actions are relevant to those most vulnerable to climate change; (d) combining adaptation and mitigation.