nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The validity of d prime as a working memory index: Results from the "Bergen n back task"
Venue: Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
Year: 2010

The n back task is frequently used as an experimental paradigm in imaging studies of working memory. This study aimed to investigate whether the Bergen 2 back task is suitable for use in desktop assessment of patients with schizophrenia. Looking at the psychometric properties of the task, including the newly added measure of discriminability, d prime (d our analyses confirmed that the 2 back d is the preferred measure of working memory dysfunction in desktop assessment compared to the Digit Span Backward and the Letter Number Sequencing subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Third Edition (WAIS III) d has the advantage of capturing executive skills needed to perform mental operations in patients with schizophrenia, without being influenced by demographic variables or IQ.
Comparison of visual vs. automated detection of lipemic, icteric and hemolyzed specimens: can we rely on a human eye?
Venue: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine
Year: 2009

Results from hemolyzed, icteric, and lipemic samples may be inaccurate and can lead to medical errors. These preanalytical interferences may be detected using visual or automated assessment. Visual inspection is time consuming, highly subjective and not standardized. Our aim was to assess the comparability of automated spectrophotometric detection and visual inspection of lipemic, icteric and hemolyzed samples.  This study was performed on 1727 routine biochemistry serum samples. Automated detection was performed using the Olympus AU2700 analyzer. We assessed: 1) comparability of visual and automated detection of lipemic, icteric and hemolyzed samples, 2) precision of automated detection, and 3) inter observer variability for visual inspection.  Weighted k coefficients for comparability of visual and automated detection were: 0.555, 0.529 and 0.638, for lipemic, icteric and hemolyzed samples, respectively. The precision for automated detection was high for all interferences, with the exception of samples being only slightly lipemic. The best overall agreement between observers was present in assessing lipemia (mean weighted k=0.698) whereas the lowest degree of agreement was observed in assessing icterus (mean weighted k=0.476)  Visual inspection of lipemic, icteric and hemolyzed samples is highly unreliable and should be replaced by automated systems that report serum indices.  2009;47:1361 5.
Long time precipitation reduction and nitrogen deposition increase alter soil nitrogen dynamic by influencing soil bacterial communities and functional groups
Year: 2020

The effects of precipitation reduction and nitrogen deposition increase on soil bacterial communities and functions impact soil nitrogen cycling. Seasonal changes could modify the effects of precipitation reduction and nitrogen deposition increase on bacterial communities and functions by changing soil environments and properties. Understanding soil microbial communities and the seasonal response of functions to precipitation reduction and nitrogen deposition increase may be important for the accurate prediction of changes in the soil nitrogen dynamics. Thus, a long term field simulation experiment of nitrogen deposition increase and throughfall exclusion was established to investigate soil bacterial communities' response to nitrogen deposition increase and/or precipitation reduction, with no nitrogen deposition increase and no precipation reduction as a control, in a temperate forest. We examined soil bacterial communities (Illumina sequencing) under different treatments during the winter, freezing thawing cycle periods (FTCs) and growing season. The bacterial functional groups were predicted by the FAPROTAX database. The results showed that nitrogen deposition increase, precipitation reduction, the combined effect of nitrogen deposition increase and precipitation reduction, and seasonal changes significantly altered the soil bacterial community composition. Interestingly, by combining the result of a previous study in which nitrogen deposition increase increased the nitrous oxide flux in the same experimental system, the loss of soil nitrogen was increased by the decrease in denitrification and increase of nitrification bacteria under nitrogen deposition increase, while ammonification bacteria significantly increased and N fixing bacteria significantly decreased with precipitation reduction compared to the control. In relation to seasonal changes, the aromatic degrading, cellulolytic, and ureolytic bacteria were lowest during FTCs, which indicated that FTCs might inhibit biodegradation. Nitrification and nitrite oxidizing bacteria increased with nitrogen deposition increase or precipitation reduction and in FTCs compared to the control or other seasons. The interaction between treatment and season significantly changed the soil bacterial communities and functions. These results highlight that nitrogen deposition increase, precipitation reduction, seasonal changes, and their interactions might directly alter bacterial communities and indirectly alter the dynamics of soil N.
Reconceptualizing Women's and Girls' Empowerment: A Cross Cultural Index for Measuring Progress Toward Improved Sexual and Reproductive Health.
Venue: International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health
Year: 2020

Improving women's empowerment is pivotal to public health and development programs; however, inconsistent definitions and lack of cross cultural measures compromise monitoring efforts.  Data collected in 2017 2018 in Ethiopia, Uganda and two sites in Nigeria were used to develop a cross cultural index of women's and girls' empowerment in sexual and reproductive health (WGE SRH) Item development was grounded in qualitative interviews, and informed by a conceptual framework that included domains of existence of choice and exercise of choice related to sex, contraceptive use and pregnancy. Items were pilot tested among 1,229 women aged 15 49 across sites. Psychometric properties were explored to identify crosssite constructs, and logistic regression was used to assess the construct validity of each dimension.  Analyses identified subscales for sexual existence of choice (Cronbach's alphas, 0.71 0.79) and contraceptive existence of choice (0.56 0.78) A pregnancy existence of choice subscale emerged for only two sites (0.61 0.80) Internal reliability of the exercise of choice subscales varied. Construct validity analyses found that for some sites, high scores on the sexual and contraceptive existence of choice subscales were associated with elevated odds of volitional sex and contraceptive use, respectively. Combining the existence of choice and exercise of choice summary scores for sex strengthened associations with volitional sex.  The cross cultural WGE SRH index can be used to assess existence of choice related to contraception and volitional sex. Further work is needed to improve measures of SRH exercise of choice, and investigate the index's multidimensionality and associations with SRH outcomes.
An Institutional Logics Perspective on the Gig Economy
Year: 2020

We witness rising tensions between online gig economy platforms, incumbent firms, regulators, and labor unions. In this chapter, we use the framework of institutional logics as an analytical lens and scheme to understand the fundamental institutional challenges prompted by the advent of the online gig economy. We view gig economy platforms as corporations that organize and self regulate markets. In doing so, they span two parallel markets: the market for platforms competing to provide intermediation services and the market for the self employed competing on platforms to provide peer to peer services. Self regulation by platforms also weakens the traditional roles of the state. While the corporation and market logics empower the platform, they weaken self employed suppliers as platforms' design constrain suppliers to grow into a full fledged business by limiting their entrepreneurial freedom. At the same time, current labor law generally does not classify suppliers as employees of the platform company, which limits the possibility to unionize. The current resolutions to this institutional misalignment are sought in "band aid solutions" at the level of sectors. Instead, as we argue, macro institutional reform may be needed to re institutionalize gig work into established institutional logics.
Hidden Fluid Mechanics: A Navier Stokes Informed Deep Learning Framework for Assimilating Flow Visualization Data
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

We present hidden fluid mechanics (HFM) a physics informed deep learning framework capable of encoding an important class of physical laws governing fluid motions, namely the Navier Stokes equations. In particular, we seek to leverage the underlying conservation laws (i.e. for mass, momentum, and energy) to infer hidden quantities of interest such as velocity and pressure fields merely from spatio temporal visualizations of a passive scaler (e.g. dye or smoke) transported in arbitrarily complex domains (e.g. in human arteries or brain aneurysms) Our approach towards solving the aforementioned data assimilation problem is unique as we design an algorithm that is agnostic to the geometry or the initial and boundary conditions. This makes HFM highly flexible in choosing the spatio temporal domain of interest for data acquisition as well as subsequent training and predictions. Consequently, the predictions made by HFM are among those cases where a pure machine learning strategy or a mere scientific computing approach simply cannot reproduce. The proposed algorithm achieves accurate predictions of the pressure and velocity fields in both two and three dimensional flows for several benchmark problems motivated by real world applications. Our results demonstrate that this relatively simple methodology can be used in physical and biomedical problems to extract valuable quantitative information (e.g. lift and drag forces or wall shear stresses in arteries) for which direct measurements may not be possible.
Recent developments of gallic acid derivatives and their hybrids in medicinal chemistry: A review.
Venue: European journal of medicinal chemistry
Year: 2020

The leading cause of several degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, aging, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases is oxidative stress, a consequence of overproduction and accumulation of free radicals. Naturally occurring antioxidants polyphenols have unnumbered biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, anticholesterol, and antiulcer. A naturally occurring gallic acid (3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoic acid) is highly antioxidant and may play a protective role in healthy individuals by inhibiting apoptosis. Pharmacological agents containing gallic acid and of diverse therapeutic categories as antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobial, chondro protective effect, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, antidiabetic activity, anti ulcerogenic, cathepsin D inhibitor, etc. have made this nucleus as an indispensable anchor for designing and development of new pharmacological agents. This review is an update on the latest development of the chemistry and the medicinal impacts of pharmacophores containing gallic acids. In addition, fused gallic acid derivatives and hybrid molecules containing different bioactive moieties in the presence of gallic acid are also presented and discussed.
Evaluation of fracture resistance of Cerasmart and lithium disilicate ceramic veneers with different incisal preparation designs an study in vitro
Year: 2019

Cerasmart hybrid material offers specific advantages such  as less fragility and more flexibility than glass ceramics. This material also has the option of readily modifying or repairing the surface and favorable stress absorbing characteristics. In our study, Cerasmart hybrid and lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers with two different preparation designs were compared with regards to their fracture resistance. A total of 52 of comparable human central maxillary incisors  were used. Group A (n=26) was made up of Cerasmart hybrid ceramic laminate veneers were fabricated from Cerasmart blocks, while Group B (n=26) was made up of lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers were made of IPS e.max pressable ingots. Each group was subdivided in two equal subgroups according to preparation designs. Subgroup I comprised Featheredge preparation design and subgroup II: Wraparound preparation design. All samples were subjected to thermocycling between 5degC and 55degC in a water bath for a total of 1750 cycle with 10 seconds dwell time at each bath. The fracture load strength test was performed using a universal testing machine. There was no statistically significant difference between all  groups. E.max wraparound group recorded the highest fracture resistance mean value (422.1 N) followed by Cerasmart wraparound group (317.23 N) then e.max featheredge group (289.6 N) and finally Cerasmart featheredge group (259.3 N) had the lowest value as analyzed by one way ANOVA. The Cerasmart hybrid material could be considered as a Conclusions: valid alternative to the widely used IPS e.max material. The fracture resistance of laminate veneers is not influenced by different type of preparation designs.
Virtual desktop infrastructure for rendering education technology in multifaceted learning platforms A case study at Botho University
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)
Year: 2016

Educational Universities are gradually enhancing the traditional delivery mode towards blended learning, virtual classrooms and distance learning with the help of technology to reach the various demands of programs needed by people around the world. Learners are looking for specific programs of their interest, regardless of the location. Modern learning trends depend more on the technology and electronic gadgets like tablets, smart phones, laptops and small computers, which requires more technical support from the institutions. Most institutions are facing challenges in rendering education technology such as software and hardware, without creating a gap between the distance learners and the face to face learners. This paper provides an effective and efficient software infrastructure system for educational institutions in multifaceted learning platforms. The proposed system helps by providing the learners a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) from anywhere to use without having any limitations in the device specifications.
Pattern Forming Acceleration for Dancing UAVs Using Ant Colony Optimization
Venue: 2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA)
Year: 2020

A dancing UAVshow is a performance where a number of UAVs fly and form certain patterns. The dancing UAV performance is very limited by the show time and also the flying time of each UAV. Beside the time problem, determining the trajectory of each UAV to form certain patterns in a three dimensional area is a problem. To overcome the time problem and determine the trajectory, it is necessary to determine the best waypoint and trajectory. In this paper, we use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) as a method to figure out the best waypoint and trajectory. Experiments using simulations were carried out to see the magnitude of the effect of selecting the best waypoint and trajectory using the ACO. The results of the experiment show that method can shorten the distance, especially for the pattern that formed with the large number of UAVs.
Pengembangan Bakat anak usia dini melalui permainan
Year: 2006

Latar belakang penelitian ini berdasarkan pada perlunya pengembangan bakat pada anak usia dini; karena usia dini merupakan awal bagi perkembangan individu dan masa masa pertumbuhan yang pesat dan sangat berpengaruh pada masa depannya kelak Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalah peran pendidik dalam pengembangan bakat anak usia dini dan fungsi permainan bagi perkembangan bakat anak usia dini serta macam macam permainan yang dapat merangsang pertumbuhan bakat anak usia dini Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa peran pendidik dalam pengembanan bakat anak usia dini sebagai motivator dan fasilitator; sedangkan fungsi permainan bagi perkembangan bakat anak usia dini adalah sebagai sumber kegembiraan dan merupakan stimulus bagi perkembangan bakat anak Tiga jenis permainan yang dapat merangsang pertumbuhan bakat anak yaitu main sensomotor; main peran dan main pembangunan
OCT: A Novel Opportunistic Compression and Transmission Approach for Private Car Trajectory Data
Venue: 2018 Data Compression Conference
Year: 2018

The advances in mobile sensing and vehicle cloud service techniques have generated massive spatial temporal trajectory data, which has caused the crises of storage and communication. In this paper, we propose a novel Opportunistic Compression and Transmission approach, namely OCT, with aims of reducing trajectory transmission overhead and storage cost. We first present the design of trajectory collection terminal based on GPS OBD wherein the main process of OCT can be implemented rather than the cloud server. Within the proposed OCT, we devise a map matching method based on MIV matching and calibrating trajectory, which significantly reduces sampling errors of raw trajectories. Then we divide trajectory data into two parts, i.e. spatial and temporal parts, and realize compression operation separately. By using a prediction model based on historical trajectory velocity, we make use of opportunistic transmission of trajectory data from the GPS OBD terminal to vehicle cloud server and thus dramatically decrease the transmission overhead. The proposed OCT not only realizes real time trajectory preprocessing and compressing, but also ensures high trajectory compression ratio. To validate the performance of the OCT, we collect a large scale private car trajectory data from real urban environments. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Environmental factors associated with allergy in urban and rural children from the South AFrican Food Allergy (SAFFA) cohort.
Venue: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Year: 2019

The prevalence of allergic diseases differs in urban and rural populations.  To assess associations between environmental and dietary factors with allergic diseases in urban and rural South African children.  Toddlers aged 12 36 months were assessed for food and aero allergen sensitisation, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and challenge proven food allergy. Information was collected on family history of allergic diseases, household size, socioeconomic status, delivery mode, antibiotic and probiotic use, exposure to fermented and unpasteurised milk, antihelminth treatment, sunlight exposure, pet and farm animal exposure, cigarette smoke and household cooking and heating fuels. Antenatal exposures to pets, livestock and cigarette smoke was assessed. A subsection completed questions on consumption of fruit/vegetables, fast foods, soft drinks/fruit juices and fried/microwaved meat.  Risk and protective factors differed between urban and rural settings. Exposure to farm animals in infants and their mothers during pregnancy was protective against allergic outcomes in the rural population. Consumption of unpasteurised milk is uncommon in this group of rural children and is unlikely to be an important factor in rural protection. In urban children birth by caesarean section is associated with food allergy and consumption of fermented milk products is associated with reduced asthma and atopic dermatitis. In both cohorts antenatal maternal smoking and environmental smoking exposure were predominantly associated with asthma and consumption of fast foods and fried meat were associated with allergy.  In this rural environment exposure to livestock is the strongest protective factor. In urban communities, where animal contact is rare, risk factors include caesarian section and protective factors include consumption of fermented milk products. Modifiable risk factors urgently require interventions to prevent increasing allergies in countries undergoing rapid urbanization.
An ERP examination of the different effects of sleep deprivation on exogenously cued and endogenously cued attention.
Venue: Sleep
Year: 2009

Behavior and neuroimaging studies have shown selective attention to be negatively impacted by sleep deprivation. Two unresolved questions are (1) whether sleep deprivation impairs attention modulation of early visual processing or of a later stage of cognition and (2) how sleep deprivation affects exogenously versus endogenously driven selective attention.  To investigate the time course and different effects of sleep deprivation on exogenously and endogenously cued selective attention.  Participants performed modified Attention Network Tests (ANTs) using exogenously and endogenously cued targets to index brain networks underlying selective attention. Target locked event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as participants performed the Attention Network Tests on 2 days separated by 24 hours of total sleeplessness.  Fourteen US Military Academy cadets and 12 US Army soldiers from the Ironhorse Brigade, Ft. Hood, Texas.  Attention Network Tests, sleep deprivation led to slowed response times, decreased accuracy rates, a diminished positive P3 (450 to 550 ms) ERP component, and an enhanced P2 (312 to 434 ms) ERP component. In contrast, the parietal N1 (157 to 227 ms) ERP response was reduced with sleep deprivation for endogenously, but not exogenously, cued targets. These sleep deprivation related effects occurred in the context of typical behavior and ERP patterns expected in a cued spatial attention task.  These findings suggest that as little as 24 hours of sleep deprivation affects both early and late stages of attention selection but affects endogenously driven selective attention to a greater degree than it does exogenously driven selective attention.
Meta analysis of classical swine fever prevalence in pigs in India: A 5 year study
Venue: Veterinary world
Year: 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the overall prevalence of classical swine fever (CSF) in pigs in India, through a systematic review and meta analysis of published data.  Consortium for e Resources in Agriculture, India, Google Scholar, PubMed, annual reports of All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, and All India Animal Disease database of NIVEDI (NADRES) were used for searching and retrieval of CSF prevalence data (seroprevalence, virus antigen, and virus nucleic acid detection) in India using a search strategy combining keywords and related database specific subject terms from January 2011 to December 2015 in English only.  A total of 22 data reports containing 6,158 samples size from 18 states of India were used for the quantitative synthesis, and overall 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.24, 0.51) CSF prevalence in India was estimated. The data were classified into 4 different geographical zones of the country: 20% (95% CI=0.05, 0.55) 31% (95% CI=0.18, 0.47) 55% (95% CI=0.32, 0.76) and 34% (95% CI=0.14, 0.62) CSF prevalence was estimated in northern, eastern, western, and southern regions, respectively.  This study indicates that overall prevalence of CSF in India is much lower than individual published reports.