nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthropomorphic Virtual Assistant to Support Self care of Type 2 Diabetes in Older People: A Perspective on the Role of Artificial Intelligence
Venue: VISIGRAPP
Year: 2019

The global prevalence of diabetes is escalating. Attributable deaths and avoidable health costs related to diabetes represent a substantial burden and threaten the sustainability of contemporary healthcare systems. Information technologies are an encouraging avenue to tackle the challenge of diabetes management. Anthropomorphic virtual assistants designed as relational agents have demonstrated acceptability to older people and may promote long term engagement. The VASelfCare project aims to develop and test a virtual assistant software prototype to facilitate the self care of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present position paper describes key aspects of the VASelfCare prototype and discusses the potential use of artificial intelligence. Machine learning techniques represent promising approaches to provide a more personalised user experience with the prototype, by means of behaviour adaptation of the virtual assistant to users' preferences or emotions or to develop chatbots. The effect of these sophisticated approaches on relevant endpoints, such as users' engagement and motivation, needs to be established in comparison to less responsive options.
Kegiatan Marketing Public Relations dalam Mempertahankan Citra Perusahaan
Year: 2020

Common to many organizations, the complexity of the problems faced by organizations requires that public communication activities or mass communication run smoothly without information obstruction. In the context of today's global and massive culture, the most common challenge faced by the public relations division is maintaining communication between the company and its audience so that it can continue to be conducive. Therefore the communication system needs to be built properly in order to maintain harmony between the company and the audience. In this study the authors used a qualitative methodological approach. This research can also be referred to as descriptive research, which is research that prioritizes narration and pictures as illustrations of what is happening in the field. Public relations activities are a combination of arts and other social sciences that can detect symptoms that are happening and what will happen in the future. The conclusion of this research is that marketing public relations (MPR) must maximize services by, among other things, fostering and maintaining the company's image or products and services, both in terms of the quantity and quality of services provided to consumers.  Marketing Public Relations, Mass Communication, Public Opinion, Audience, Corporate Image.
A UAV Mounted Free Space Optical Communication: Trajectory Optimization for Flight Time
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Year: 2020

In this work, we address the trajectory optimization of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using free space optical communication (FSOC) Here, we focus on maximizing the flight time of the UAV by considering practical constraints for wireless UAV communication, including limited propulsion energy and required data rates. We find optimized trajectories in various atmospheric environments (e.g. moderate fog and heavy fog conditions) while also considering the channel characteristics of FSOC. In addition to maximizing the flight time, we consider the energy efficiency maximization and operation time minimization problem to find the suboptimal solutions required to meet those constraints. Furthermore, we introduce a low complexity approach to the proposed framework. In order to address the optimization problem, we conduct a bisection method and sequential programming and introduce a new feasibility check algorithm. Although our design considers suboptimal solutions owing to the nonconvexity of the problems, our simulations indicate that the proposed scheme exhibits a gain of approximately 44.12% in terms of service time when compared to the conventional scheme.
Unskilled and optimistic: Overconfident predictions despite calibrated knowledge of relative skill
Venue: Psychonomic bulletin review
Year: 2013

Those who are less skilled tend to overestimate their abilities more than do those who are more skilled the so called Dunning Kruger effect. Less skilled performers presumably have less of the knowledge needed to make informed guesses about their relative performance. If so, the Dunning Kruger effect should vanish when participants do have access to information about their relative ability and performance. Competitive bridge players predicted their results for bridge sessions before playing and received feedback about their actual performance following each session. Despite knowing their own relative skill and showing unbiased memory for their performance, they made overconfident predictions consistent with a Dunning Kruger effect. This bias persisted even though players received accurate feedback about their predictions after each session. The finding of a Dunning Kruger effect despite knowledge of relative ability suggests that differential self knowledge is not a necessary precondition for the Dunning Kruger effect. At least in some cases, the effect might reflect a different form of irrational optimism.
Weight Management in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Venue: Current Obesity Reports
Year: 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that clinically presents during adolescence. PCOS is associated with increased rates of overweight and obesity, as well as higher rates of metabolic disease, especially type 2 diabetes. Weight loss decreases PCOS symptoms and risk for metabolic disease. The goal of this review is to evaluate recent studies describing the hormonal, metabolic, and weight effects of different weight loss strategies: dietary, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, mood modification, and sleep. Calorie restriction continues to be supported as the primary nutrition intervention to achieve weight loss in individuals with PCOS, and a dietary macronutrient composition with lower compared to higher glycemic carbohydrates may be more effective. There is limited data that vitamins, nutraceuticals, and probiotics may improve hormonal and metabolic outcomes. Most types of physical activity are effective in improving outcomes in PCOS and lowering weight. Whereas there are promising data on anti obesity medications such as glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists in adults with PCOS and adolescents with obesity, further work is needed to know if these therapies are effective in youth with PCOS. Research is lacking on the effectiveness of other anti obesity medications in PCOS. Bariatric surgery is especially promising for decreasing weight in adults and youth, and reversing type 2 diabetes in youth, though PCOS data are lacking. Treatment of depression in adolescents with insulin resistance and women with PCOS is associated with improved weight loss. Adolescents with PCOS and obesity may have greater sleep related risks including circadian misalignment and obstructive sleep apnea, interventions for which have not yet been conducted. Clinical trials on weight loss strategies in adolescents with PCOS remain limited, with most information inferred from studies in women with PCOS or adolescents with obesity. However, there are multiple options to optimize weight loss in dietary, activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, mood modification, and sleep domains.
Thrombophilia screening and thromboprophylaxis may benefit specific ethnic subgroups with paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Venue: British journal of haematology
Year: 2019

This study investigated the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia, risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and benefit of low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis in 476 Israeli children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated between 2004 and 2016. Thrombophilia was found in 15*5% Arab children had a higher prevalence of F5 R506Q (factor V Leiden) than Jewish children (19*4% vs. 2*9% P 0*01) Patients with thrombophilia had higher VTE rates VTE (26*5% vs. 5*6% P 0*001) None of the thrombophilic children given prophylaxis had severe VTE. Routine evaluation for inherited thrombophilia followed by thromboprophylaxis when findings are positive may benefit at risk patients with ALL.
Recruiting and Training a Health Professions Workforce to Meet the Needs of Tomorrow's Health Care System
Venue: Academic medicine journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
Year: 2019

The quality of any health care system depends on the caliber, enthusiasm, and diversity of the workforce. Yet, workforce research often focuses on the number and type of health professionals needed and anticipated shortages compared with anticipated needs. These projections do not address whether the workforce will have the requisite social, intellectual, cultural, and emotional capital needed to deliver care in an increasingly complex health care system. Building a workforce that can deliver care in such a system begins by recruiting individuals with the requisite knowledge, skills, and attributes. To address this and other workforce needs, the authors argue that health professions education programs must make purposeful changes to their admissions criteria, such as focusing on emotional intelligence and diversity and recruiting students from the communities where they will return to work; partner with communities; ensure that accreditation systems support these goals of fostering diversity; recruit students who can bridge the gap between public health and health care; and invest in health professions education research. In this article, they contemplate how health professions education programs can recruit and educate talented health professionals to create a high performing workforce that is capable of serving in the complex health care system of tomorrow. They provide examples of successful programs to highlight the potential effects of their recommendations.
Event based Vision: A Survey
Venue: IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence
Year: 2020

Event cameras are bio inspired sensors that differ from conventional frame cameras: Instead of capturing images at a fixed rate, they asynchronously measure per pixel brightness changes, and output a stream of events that encode the time, location and sign of the brightness changes. Event cameras offer attractive properties compared to traditional cameras: high temporal resolution (in the order of is) very high dynamic range (140dB vs. 60dB) low power consumption, and high pixel bandwidth (on the order of kHz) resulting in reduced motion blur. Hence, event cameras have a large potential for robotics and computer vision in challenging scenarios for traditional cameras, such as low latency, high speed, and high dynamic range. However, novel methods are required to process the unconventional output of these sensors in order to unlock their potential. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of event based vision, with a focus on the applications and the algorithms developed to unlock the outstanding properties of event cameras. We present event cameras from their working principle, the actual sensors that are available and the tasks that they have been used for, from low level vision (feature detection and tracking, optic flow, etc. to high level vision (reconstruction, segmentation, recognition) We also discuss the techniques developed to process events, including learning based techniques, as well as specialized processors for these novel sensors, such as spiking neural networks. Additionally, we highlight the challenges that remain to be tackled and the opportunities that lie ahead in the search for a more efficient, bio inspired way for machines to perceive and interact with the world.
Exploring stigma and its effect on access to mental health services in unaccompanied refugee children.
Venue: BJPsych bulletin
Year: 2019

Aims and methodDespite substantial evidence to show that unaccompanied refugee children suffer a high prevalence of mental illness, their access to services remains poor. One may hypothesise that this is associated with their negative perceptions of mental illness. However, there has been little research exploring this important subject. We aimed to explore unaccompanied refugee children's experiences, perceptions and beliefs of mental illness, focusing on stigma. Fifteen unaccompanied refugee children and 15 carers were interviewed by a semi structured interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data.  Three main themes were identified, focusing mainly on issues of stigma related to mental health, mental illness and their treatment, and they were interpreted in detail.Clinical implicationsOur findings will contribute to current understanding of stigma and discrimination, and their effect on service engagement, and will hopefully stimulate interest to further explore this area and develop potential solutions.Declaration of interestNone.
Developmental delay: an ambiguous term in need of change
Venue: Archives of Disease in Childhood
Year: 2019

The term 'developmental delay' is ambiguous in the context of parental adaptation to a child with a developmental impairment. Problems with the use of this label have been previously highlighted by medical professionals due to concerns that the word 'delay' may lead parents to assume that their child will arrive at the desired developmental goal, eventually. This is most often not the case. The diagnostic process is difficult for families, as well as medical professionals imparting the news. However, families report lower satisfaction when information is withheld, the diagnosis and labels are ambiguous and the diagnostic process is unduly lengthy. Maximum information is important to enable adaptation and acceptance of the child and changed family identity. The ambiguity attached to the term 'developmental delay' may interfere with parental adjustment and needs to be changed. I am a parent to a 16 year old child with a severe intellectual disability and severe expressive language disorder, who, for the first 5 years was labelled with the interim diagnostic term 'global developmental delay' The aetiology of my daughter's disabilities remains unknown, although she has a few physical abnormalities that suggest early fetal development somehow went awry. Coming to terms with having a child with a disability was by far the hardest thing I've experienced. The pain feels unsurmountable, as does the guilt of having potentially done something wrong in pregnancy; of not being a safe incubator to enable my child to develop healthily. Whether the interim term was 'developmental delay' 'impairment' or 'disorder' was not going to change my pain, as I was experiencing appropriate grief: a response to loss of normality, the loss of my dream for the perfect family with 2.4 children, a dog and a house with a white picket fence. Eventually I reached acceptance and started to construct a new normal: to
Sulfide Based Solid State Electrolytes: Synthesis, Stability, and Potential for All Solid State Batteries.
Venue: Advanced materials
Year: 2019

Due to their high ionic conductivity and adeciduate mechanical features for lamination, sulfide composites have received increasing attention as solid electrolyte in all solid state batteries. Their smaller electronegativity and binding energy to Li ions and bigger atomic radius provide high ionic conductivity and make them attractive for practical applications. In recent years, noticeable efforts have been made to develop high performance sulfide solid state electrolytes. However, sulfide solid state electrolytes still face numerous challenges including: 1) the need for a higher stability voltage window, 2) a better electrode electrolyte interface and air stability, and 3) a cost effective approach for large scale manufacturing. Herein, a comprehensive update on the properties (structural and chemical) synthesis of sulfide solid state electrolytes, and the development of sulfide based all solid state batteries is provided, including electrochemical and chemical stability, interface stabilization, and their applications in high performance and safe energy storage.
Cannabis and Psychosis: Are We any Closer to Understanding the Relationship?
Venue: Current Psychiatry Reports
Year: 2019

provides an update from the literature on understanding of the relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia. In particular, the paper focuses on the latest findings and remaining areas that require investigation.Recent FindingsThree hypotheses have emerged as potential explanations for the association between cannabis and schizophrenia, namely cannabis can trigger schizophrenia, cannabis is used to mitigate symptoms of schizophrenia, and there are common factors which might account for the association. Biological and genetic factors dominate this field of research; this has been at the expense of exploring social and cultural contributory factors which influence cannabis and schizophrenia.SummaryThe evidence for cannabis acting as a causal factor for schizophrenia has so far not been established. Research needs to extend beyond males drawn from western countries if we are to advance knowledge and understanding of the link between cannabis use and schizophrenia.
Behavioral measures of risk tasking, sensation seeking and sensitivity to reward may reflect different motivations for spicy food liking and consumption
Venue: Appetite
Year: 2016

Based on work a quarter century ago, it is widely accepted personality traits like sensation seeking are related to the enjoyment and intake of spicy foods; however, data supporting this belief is actually quite limited. Recently, we reported strong to moderate correlations between remembered spicy food liking and two personality traits measured with validated questionnaires. Here, participants consumed capsaicin containing strawberry jelly to generate acute estimates of spicy food liking. Additionally, we used a laboratory based behavioral measure of risk taking (the mobile Balloon Analogue Risk Task; mBART) to complement a range of validated self report measures of risk related personality traits. Present data confirm Sensation Seeking correlates with overall spicy meal liking and liking of the burn of a spicy meal, and extends prior findings by showing novel correlations with the liking of sampled stimuli. Other personality measures, including Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) Sensitivity to Reward (SR) and the Impulsivity and Risk Taking subscales of the DSM5 Personality Inventory (PID 5) did not show significant relationships with liking of spicy foods, either sampled or remembered. Our behavioral risk taking measure, the mBART, also failed to show a relationship with remembered or sampled liking. However, significant relationships were observed between reported intake of spicy foods and Sensitivity to Reward, and the Risk Taking subscale of the PID 5 (PID5 RT) Based on the observed patterns among various personality measures, and spicy food liking and intake, we propose that personality measures may exert their influence on intake of spicy food via different mechanisms. We also speculate that Sensation Seeking may reflect motivations for consuming spicy foods that are more intrinsic, while the motivations for eating spicy foods measured by SR and PID5 RT may be more extrinsic.
The cerebellum may implement the appropriate coupling of sensory inputs and motor responses: Evidence from vestibular physiology
Venue: The Cerebellum
Year: 2008

Starting from a survey of current ideas on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor transformations, the present review summarizes the results of recent experiments showing that (a) somatosensory signals modify the spatial organization of the postural reflexes, thus leading to body stability, and (b) otolith input changes the plane of reflex eye movements, by keeping it perpendicular to the gravito inertial vector. Evidence will be given that both transformations require the integrity of specific cerebellar regions. These data indicates that the cerebellum allows an optimal input output coupling in relation to the ultimate behavioural goal of the motor activity.
Novel fusion method for SAR and optical images based on non subsampled shearlet transform
Year: 2020

Due to the different imaging modes of SAR images and optical images, traditional image fusion methods are no longer suitable for the fusion of the two types of images. Fused images often have problems of spectral distortion and excessive introduction of noise. This study proposes an improved SAR optical images fusion algorithm based on non subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) NSST decomposition is first performed on the two types of images. Then, in the low frequency sub band of the decomposition image, a weighted average fusion rule using the coefficient of variation according to the different imaging characteristics of SAR images and optical images is proposed to avoid spectral distortion. In the high frequency sub band of the decomposition image, the effect of SAR image noise on the fused image is removed by setting the coherence coefficient threshold. The subjective visual assessment and objective index evaluation on the experimental results both show that the fusion results using the proposed algorithm are significantly improved. The proposed algorithm smoothly fuses the detailed information of the SAR image into the optical image without the excessive introduction of noise while maintaining the spectral information of the optical image. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm has a relatively simpler mathematical structure compared to the algorithm based on sparse representation, thus reducing the operating time and manual work.
Reflection on solutions in the form of refutation texts versus problem solving: the case of 8th graders studying simple electric circuits
Year: 2017

This study compared students' learning in troubleshooting and problem solving activities. The troubleshooting activities provided students with solutions to conceptual problems in the form of refutation texts; namely, solutions that portray common misconceptions, refute them, and then present the accepted scientific ideas. They required students to individually diagnose these solutions; that is, to identify the erroneous and correct parts of the solutions and explain in what sense they differed, and later share their work in whole class discussions. The problem solving activities required the students to individually solve these same problems, and later share their work in whole class discussions. We compared the impact of the individual work stage in the troubleshooting and problem solving activities on promoting argumentation in the subsequent class discussions, and the effects of these activities on students' engagement in self repair processes; namely, in learning processes that allowed the students to self repair their misconceptions, and by extension on advancing their conceptual knowledge. Two 8th grade classes studying simple electric circuits with the same teacher took part. One class (28 students) carried out four troubleshooting activities and the other (31 students) four problem solving activities. These activities were interwoven into a twelve lesson unit on simple electric circuits that was spread over a period of 2 months. The impact of the troubleshooting activities on students' conceptual knowledge was significantly higher than that of the problem solving activities. This result is consistent with the finding that the troubleshooting activities engaged students in self repair processes whereas the problem solving activities did not. The results also indicated that diagnosing solutions to conceptual problems in the form of refutation texts, as opposed to solving these same problems, apparently triggered argumentation in subsequent class discussions, even though the teacher was unfamiliar with the best ways to conduct argumentative classroom discussions. We account for these results and suggest possible directions for future research.