nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirements for a Coastal Hazards Observing System
Venue: Front. Mar. Sci.
Year: 2019

Coastal zones are highly dynamical systems affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic forcing factors that include sea level rise, extreme events, local oceanic and atmospheric processes, ground subsidence, etc. However, so far, they remain poorly monitored on a global scale. To better understand changes affecting world coastal zones and to provide crucial information to decision makers involved in adaptation to and mitigation of environmental risks, coastal observations of various types need to be collected and analyzed. In this white paper, we first discuss the main forcing agents acting on coastal regions (e.g. sea level, winds, waves and currents, river runoff, sediment supply and transport, vertical land motions, land use) and the induced coastal response (e.g. shoreline position, estuaries morphology, land topography at the land sea interface and coastal bathymetry) We identify a number of space based observational needs that have to be addressed in the near future to understand coastal zone evolution. Among these, improved monitoring of coastal sea level by satellite altimetry techniques is recognized as high priority. Classical altimeter data in the coastal zone are adversely affected by land contamination with degraded range and geophysical corrections. However, recent progress in coastal altimetry data processing and multisensor data synergy, offers new perspective to measure sea level change very close to the coast. This issue is discussed in much detail in this paper, including the development of a global coastal sea level and sea state climate record with mission consistent coastal processing and products dedicated to coastal regimes. Finally, we present a new promising technology based on the use of Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) i.e. communication satellite transmissions that are reutilized as illumination sources in a bistatic radar configuration, for measuring coastal sea level. Since SoOp technology requires only receiver technology to be placed in orbit, small satellite platforms could be used, enabling a constellation to achieve high spatio temporal resolutions of sea level in coastal zones.
The Competitive Goal Effectiveness Paradox Revisited: Examining the Goal Practices of Prospective Olympic Athletes
Year: 2010

The experience and skill of prospective Olympic athletes make them a potentially valuable resource to better understand goal effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the nature of perceived goal effectiveness within an elite athlete sample. Participants were 338 athletes (M age 24.6 years; SD 6.9 years) from 12 sports who completed an extensive goal setting survey. Four separate questionnaires assessing perceived goal frequency, effectiveness, commitment, and barriers were factor analyzed to identify relevant dimensions. Perceived goal effectiveness dimensions were then used to cluster athletes into four profile groups, and differences among the groups were examined on goal frequency, commitment, barriers, self confidence, and career success. Multifaceted goal setters scored highest on all variables, goal nonbelievers were lowest, and disillusioned process and competitive goal setters fell in between these extremes. Future directions for goal effectiveness research are also recommended.
Numerical modeling and parametric study of an innovative solar oven
Venue: Solar Energy
Year: 2019

A unique design of a double glazed box type solar oven with flat foldable external reflectors at the top and front and an internal reflector beneath the L shaped absorber plate is numerically and parametrically studied. The maximum temperatures attained in the absorber cavity of the oven are observed to be in the range of 100 135 degC. A numerical model is formulated to solve the overall energy balance on the absorber plate of the proposed solar oven by incorporating the effects of the top, front, and bottom reflectors for a given set of input parameters. CFD simulations are utilized to predict the unknown buoyancy driven convective heat transfer coefficient from the L shaped absorber plate to the surrounding glass cover forming an enclosure. Modeling results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results which leads to the parametric study of the solar oven. The effects of various design parameters on the oven's performance such as spacing between glazings, influence of the vertical component of the absorber plate and internal reflector, glazing thickness number of glazings and the effect of absorber plate coatings are also discussed.
Understanding and Improving the Intermediate Features of FCN in Semantic Segmentation
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE)
Year: 2019

In full convolution networks, the intensive prediction results generated by intermediate features have a disadvantage of low contribution rate. This paper used the visualization tools and quantitative analysis, and proposed a new training strategy using dynamic weighting strategy which was verified by experiments. The results show that the strategy can effectively improve the accuracy of prediction intermediate features results.
Aplicacion y contabilizacion de los impuestos, tasas y aranceles de importacion en las empresas comerciales: Fabrica de Alimentos La Matagalpa, Prolacsa y Exclusividades Llevatelo, del Municipio de Matagalpa durante el primer semestre del ano 2008
Year: 2009

La aplicacion y contabilizacion de impuestos, tasa de importacion son aplicados a todas las actividades de importacion a excepcion de los aranceles, los cuales no son aplicados en Nicaragua por lo tanto a las empresas en estudio no se le ha aplicado al momento de importar mercancia. Los impuestos son una contribucion que recae sobre cualquier persona natural o juridica y por la cual no se obtiene ningun beneficio a cambio, dentro de estos se encuentran el Impuesto al Valor Agregado y el Impuesto Selectivo de Consumo. La implementacion de un Sistema Arancelario es de gran importancia porque da como resultado obtener ventajas y desventajas al permitir que productos del exterior se comercialicen dentro del pais; ventajas como el incremento en la recaudacion del estado, aumento de la produccion nacional y desventajas como disminucion de la importacion, consumo de producto, aumento en el precio del producto. El arancel es un impuesto que se aplica al comercio exterior para agregar valor al precio de los productos en el mercado de destino, estos se emplean para obtener ingresos gubernamentales y para proteger a la industria nacional de la competencia de las importaciones. La tasa es el valor numerico en terminos porcentuales establecidos por el sistema arancelario centroamericano para cada uno de los diferentes impuestos que son aplicados a la importacion para todos y cada uno de los productos, bienes y mercancias. Los impuestos, tasas y aranceles a la importacion estan apegados a las leyes tributarias y son homogeneamente aplicados a las empresas en estudio
Childhood adherence to a potentially healthy and sustainable Nordic diet and later overweight: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Venue: Maternal child nutrition
Year: 2020

The New Nordic Diet (NND) is a potentially healthy and sustainable dietary pattern represented by locally available and traditionally consumed foods in the Northern countries. The diet has been commonly examined in adult populations, but less is known regarding its potential associations with overweight/obesity in children. We have previously developed child diet scores measuring compliance to the NND at child age 6 and 18 months and 3 and 7 years. In this study, we aimed to describe child and maternal characteristics and assess potential associations between the age specific diet scores and child overweight at 8 years. This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) including 14,989 mother child pairs and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) The scores measured NND compliance as a total score and categorized into low, medium and high NND compliance at each age point. Using logistic regression models, we investigated the association between each age specific score and the odds of overweight at 8 years. In crude analyses, adherence to the NND at 6 months was inversely associated with odds of overweight at 8 years in the continuous score (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI [0.91, 0.98] and when comparing high versus low NND adherence (odds ratio 0.81, 95% CI [0.70, 0.94] The association was almost entirely attenuated in the adjusted models. In conclusion, child NND adherence up to 7 years of age was not associated with odds of overweight at 8 years in adjusted analyses.
Theory of the hypervolume indicator: optimal m distributions and the choice of the reference point
Venue: FOGA '09
Year: 2009

The hypervolume indicator is a set measure used in evolutionary multiobjective optimization to evaluate the performance of search algorithms and to guide the search. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms using the hypervolume indicator transform multiobjective problems into single objective ones by searching for a finite set of solutions maximizing the corresponding hypervolume indicator. In this paper, we theoretically investigate how those optimal m distributions finite sets of m solutions maximizing the hypervolume indicator are spread over the Pareto front of biobjective problems. This problem is of high importance for practical applications as these sets characterize the preferences that the hypervolume indicator encodes, i.e. which types of Pareto set approximations are favored. In particular, we tackle the question whether the hypervolume indicator is biased towards certain regions. For linear fronts we prove that the distribution is uniform with constant distance between two consecutive points. For general fronts where it is presumably impossible to characterize exactly the distribution, we derive a limit result when the number of points grows to infinity proving that the empirical density of points converges to a density proportional to the square root of the negative of the derivative of the front. Our analyses show that it is not the shape of the Pareto front but only its slope that determines how the points that maximize the hypervolume indicator are distributed. Experimental results illustrate that the limit density is a good approximation of the empirical density for small m. Furthermore, we analyze the issue of where to place the reference point of the indicator such that the extremes of the front can be found if the hypervolume indicator is optimized. We derive an explicit lower bound (possibly infinite) ensuring the presence of the extremes in the optimal distribution. This result contradicts the common belief that the reference point has to be chosen close to the nadir point: for certain types of fronts, we show that no finite reference point allows to have the extremes in the optimal m distribution.
3D concrete printing a structural engineering perspective
Year: 2018

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is being developed in an increasing number of places around the globe. The focus is mainly on a trial and error based exploration of the possibilities. However, to obtain a viable manufacturing technology and realize the 3DCP potential, a higher level of process control is required. Four levels of control are therefore identified. Research efforts and key results to achieve a higher level of control than the current one are presented. As a final goal, optimization algorithms should be able to define optimum print sessions, based on allowable print strategies and structural analysis models describing both the fresh and hardened concrete state. This will result in new geometries appropriate to this specific manufacturing technique. These geometries, however, can only be applied when structural safety is achieved, either by loading conditions (compression structures) hybrid solutions (combination with conventional reinforced concrete) embedded reinforcement, FRC and prestress. Such solutions are therefore being explored.
Predicting Vulnerability In Large Codebases With Deep Code Representation
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Currently, while software engineers write code for various modules, quite often, various types of errors coding, logic, semantic, and others (most of which are not caught by compilation and other tools) get introduced. Some of these bugs might be found in the later stage of testing, and many times it is reported by customers on production code. Companies have to spend many resources, both money and time in finding and fixing the bugs which would have been avoided if coding was done right. Also, concealed flaws in software can lead to security vulnerabilities that potentially allow attackers to compromise systems and applications. Interestingly, same or similar issues/bugs, which were fixed in the past (although in different modules) tend to get introduced in production code again. We developed a novel AI based system which uses the deep representation of Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) created from the source code and also the active feedback loop to identify and alert the potential bugs that could be caused at the time of development itself i.e. as the developer is writing new code (logic and/or function) This tool integrated with IDE as a plugin would work in the background, point out existing similar functions/code segments and any associated bugs in those functions. The tool would enable the developer to incorporate suggestions right at the time of development, rather than waiting for UT/QA/customer to raise a defect. We assessed our tool on both open source code and also on Cisco codebase for C and C+ programing language. Our results confirm that deep representation of source code and the active feedback loop is an assuring approach for predicting security and other vulnerabilities present in the code.
Diagnostic value of plasma phosphorylated tau181 in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Venue: Nature Medicine
Year: 2020

With the potential development of new disease modifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies, simple, widely available screening tests are needed to identify which individuals, who are experiencing symptoms of cognitive or behavioral decline, should be further evaluated for initiation of treatment. A blood based test for AD would be a less invasive and less expensive screening tool than the currently approved cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid b positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostic tests. We examined whether plasma tau phosphorylated at residue 181 (pTau181) could differentiate between clinically diagnosed or autopsy confirmed AD and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Plasma pTau181 concentrations were increased by 3.5 fold in AD compared to controls and differentiated AD from both clinically diagnosed (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.894) and autopsy confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration (area under the curve of 0.878) Plasma pTau181 identified individuals who were amyloid b PET positive regardless of clinical diagnosis and correlated with cortical tau protein deposition measured by 18 F flortaucipir PET. Plasma pTau181 may be useful to screen for tau pathology associated with AD. Plasma pTau181 concentrations are elevated specifically in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease compared to those diagnosed with frontotemporal lobar degeneration or elderly controls, supporting its further development as a blood based biomarker for AD.
Cross Linguistic Transfer (CLT) in Bilingual Speakers Neural Correlates of Language Learning
Year: 2012

The purpose of this thesis was to study the behavioral and neural correlates of Cross linguistic Transfer effects (CLT) at the word level, in second language learning. Moreover, given that language distance has an impact on CLT, (Paradis, 1987, 2004, Odlin, 1989, 2004, 2005, Gollan, 2005, Ringbom, 2007) two distinct language pairs were examined: Close language pairs (Spanish French) and distant language pairs (Persian French) This thesis comprises three studies. In study I, Spanish speakers and in study II Persian speakers were trained for lexical learning until consolidation level. Cognates (phonologically and semantically similar words) Clangs (phonologically similar words with different meanings) and Non cognate non clangs (semantically similar words) were presented in a picture naming task. Accuracy rates and response times as well as event related fMRI BOLD responses to each word category were measured. Simple and direct contrasts with phonologically similar and phonologically distant words were performed. Thus, Study I reports the results of close languages (Spanish French) and Study II, reports the results of distant languages (Persian French) The neurocognitive processing of language learning was further investigated in terms of networks using functional connectivity analysis in distant languages (Persian French) and the results are reported in Study III. The Results with the General Linear Model analysis show that with close language pairs (French Spanish) the processing of phonologically similar words (cognates and clangs) relies upon a shared L1 L2 language specific neural areas, whereas processing of phonologically distant words (non clang non cognates) activates L1 language processing areas, but also relies upon working memory, attentional, and processing structures. However, with distant language pairs (French Persian) even phonologically similar words (cognates and clangs) activate areas known to be involved in attentional processing and cognitive control. Moreover, phonologically distant words (non clang non cognates) also activate areas involved in working
Genetic History of Xinjiang's Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple Way Contacts in Eurasia
Venue: Molecular biology and evolution
Year: 2017

The Uyghur people residing in Xinjiang, a territory located in the far west of China and crossed by the Silk Road, are a key ethnic group for understanding the history of human dispersion in Eurasia. Here we assessed the genetic structure and ancestry of 951 Xinjiang's Uyghurs (XJU) representing 14 geographical subpopulations. We observed a southwest and northeast differentiation within XJU, which was likely shaped jointly by the Tianshan Mountains, which traverses from east to west as a natural barrier, and gene flow from both east and west directions. In XJU, we identified four major ancestral components that were potentially derived from two earlier admixed groups: one from the West, harboring European (25 37% and South Asian ancestries (12 20% and the other from the East, with Siberian (15 17% and East Asian (29 47% ancestries. By using a newly developed method, MultiWaver, the complex admixture history of XJU was modeled as a two wave admixture. An ancient wave was dated back to ~3,750 years ago (ya) which is much earlier than that estimated by previous studies, but fits within the range of dating of mummies that exhibited European features that were discovered in the Tarim basin, which is situated in southern Xinjiang (4,000 2,000 ya) a more recent wave occurred around 750 ya, which is in agreement with the estimate from a recent study using other methods. We unveiled a more complex scenario of ancestral origins and admixture history in XJU than previously reported, which further suggests Bronze Age massive migrations in Eurasia and East West contacts across the Silk Road.
Diagnostic accuracy of presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) for prediction of bacteremia in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the Emergency Department.
Venue: Clinical biochemistry
Year: 2014

Bacteremia is indicative of severe bacterial infection with significant mortality. Its early diagnosis is extremely important for implementation of antimicrobial therapy but a diagnostic challenge. Although blood culture is the "gold standard" for diagnosis of bacteremia this method has limited usefulness for the early detection of blood stream infection. In this study we assessed the presepsin as predictor of bacteremia in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on admission to the Emergency Department and compare it with current available infection biomarkers.  A total of 226 patients admitted to the Emergency Department with SIRS were included. In 37 patients blood culture had a positive result (bacteremic SIRS group) and 189 had a negative blood culture result (non bacteremic SIRS group) Simultaneously with blood culture, presepsin, procalcitonin (PCT) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for each biomarker as predictor of bacteremia.  Presepsin values were significantly higher in bacteremic SIRS group when compared with non bacteremic SIRS group. ROC curve analysis and area under curve (AUC) revealed a value of 0.750 for presepsin in differentiating SIRS patients with bacteremia from those without, similar than that for PCT (0.787) and higher than that for CRP (0.602) The best cut off value for presepsin was 729pg/mL, which was associated with a negative predictive value of 94.4% CONCLUSION Presepsin may contribute to rule out the diagnosis of bacteremia in SIRS patients admitted to the Emergency Department.
Slavery By Another Name The Re Enslavement Of Black Americans From The Civil War To World War Ii
Year: 2016

Thank you for reading slavery by another name the re enslavement of black americans from the civil war to world war ii. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this slavery by another name the re enslavement of black americans from the civil war to world war ii, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer.
seobiseu sobijagaciwa jepumpyeonggayi gwangyewa jaahaeseogyi jojeolhyogwae gwanhan yeongu
Year: 2015

Traditional models of decision making may not describe how consumers make other types of decisions for which they have little experience, or where the problem is less well defined, or where emotional considerations play an important role. When faced with such decisions, we propose that consumers form consumption visions to help them select an appropriate alternative. Research design, data, and methodology: In this research, total of 382 copies of the questionnaires were collected and 360 copies were applied in the final analysis. In order to verify the research hypothesis, structural equation analysis was conducted with Amos 21.0.  First, it was examined that individual sensual aesthetics, enjoyment and convenience of use have a positive effect on personal self expressiveness. Second, status symbol, social connectedness and social contribution were found to have a positive effect on social self expressiveness. Third, it was concluded that consumer self expressiveness has a positive effect on consumption vision when consumers imagine the outcome of a purchase. Fourth, it was learned that personal/social consumption vision has a positive effect on product evaluation.  It can be concluded that consumer personal/social value, accompanied by distinctive company and product characteristics, is one of the strong themes to construct competitive around.