nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Equipment Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST and Conserved Domain Database CCD National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI CRISPR identi fi cation program
Year: 2016

Cas9 based technologies rely on native elements of Type II CRISPR Cas bacterial immune systems, including the trans activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) CRISPR RNA (crRNA) Cas9 protein, and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) The tracrRNA and crRNA form an RNA duplex that guides the Cas9 endonuclease to complementary nucleic acid sequences. Mechanistically, Cas9 initiates interactions by binding to the target PAM sequence and interrogating the target DNA in a 3' to 5' manner. Complementarity between the guide RNA and the target DNA is key. In natural systems, precise cleavage occurs when the target DNA sequence contains a PAM flanking a sequence homologous to the crRNA spacer sequence. Currently, the majority of commercial Cas9 based genome editing tools are derived from the Type II CRISPR Cas system of Streptococcus pyogenes. However, a diverse set of Type II CRISPR Cas systems exist in nature that are potentially valuable for genome engineering applications. Exploitation of these systems requires prediction and validation of both native and engineered dual and single guide RNAs to drive Cas9 functionality. Here, we discuss how to identify the elements of these immune systems to develop next generation Cas9 based genome editing tools. We first discuss how to predict tracrRNA sequences and suggest a method for designing single guide RNAs containing only critical structural modules. We then outline how to predict the PAM sequence, which is crucial for determining potential targets for Cas9. Finally, validation of the system elements through transcriptome analysis and interference assays is essential for developing next generation Cas9 based genome editing tools.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial property and microencapsulation of Mustard (Sinapis alba) seed essential oil by complex coacervation.
Venue: Food chemistry
Year: 2014

In this study, the essential oil from mustard seed was isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) Fourteen components were identified in the mustard seed essential oil with allyl isothiocyanate being the main component (71.06% The essential oil has a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones and MIC values in the range of 9.68 15.57 mm and 128 512 mg/mL respectively. The essential oil was subsequently encapsulated in complex coacervation microcapsules with genipin, a natural water soluble cross linker. The optimum parameters for the hardening effectiveness of the genipin hardened essential oil microcapsules were 8h at 40degC and pH 10.0 with a genipin concentration of 0.075 g/g gelatin. The genipin hardened microcapsules had a particle size of mainly 5 10 mm and strong chemistry stability which is potential for its application in food preservation.
The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A Systematic Review
Venue: Aging and disease
Year: 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the aging population (60 years of age and above) in China. Epidemiological investigations on MCI in online Chinese journals were identified manually using the CQVIP, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Articles from journals published in English were identified using PubMed and Web of Science. Original studies that included prevalence surveys of MCI were selected. Forty eight relevant studies were included in the analysis, covering 22 provinces in China. Our results showed that the pooled prevalence of MCI in the older Chinese population was 14.71% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.50 14.92% The prevalence was 16.72% (95% CI, 15.68 17.71% in clinical samples vs. 14.61% (95% CI, 14.40 14.83% in nonclinical samples (kh2=16.60, P<0.01) and 15.20% (95% CI, 14.91 15.49% in screened samples vs. 14.16% (95% CI, 13.85 14.46% in diagnosed samples (kh2=22.11, P<0.01) People of older age, of female sex, or living in rural areas or western China were associated with a higher prevalence of MCI. The prevalence of MCI was high in Chinese older adults, and even higher in those who were older, female, or living in rural areas or western China. Future studies are recommended to address the prevalence of MCI in the other 12 provinces of China. Furthermore, diagnostic assessments should be included in the identification of MCI.
MENERAPKAN PANCASILA SEBAGAI NILAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN UNTUK MENCAPAI TUJUAN NASIONAL BANGSA INDONESIA
Year: 2020

Andaikan para ilmuwan dalam pengembangan ilmu konsisten terhadap janji awalnya ditemukan ilmu, untuk mencerdaskan manusia, memartabatkan manusia dan menyejahterakan manusia, maka pengembangan ilmu yang didasarkan pada kaedah keilmuan tidak perlu menimbulkan ketegangan antara ilmu dan teknologi dengan masyarakat. Fakta yang kita saksikan saat ini ilmu empiris mendapatkan tempatnya yang sentral dalam kehidupan manusia karena dengan teknologi modern yang dikembangkannya dapat memenuhi kebutuhan praktis hidup manusia. Ilmu empiris tersebut tumbuh dan berkembang dengan cepat melebihi ritme pertumbuhan dan perkembangan peradaban manusia. Ironisnya tidak diimbangi kesiapan mentalitas sebagian masyarakat, khususnya di Indonesia. Teknologi telah merambah berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia secara ekstensif dan mempengaruhi sendi kehidupan manusia secara intensif, termasuk merubah pola pikir dan budaya manusia, bahkan nyaris menggoyahkan eksistensi kodrati manusia itu sendiri. Kondisi ini terlihat ketika misalnya, anak anak sekarang dengan alat alat permainan yang serba teknologis seperti playstation, mereka sudah dapat terpenuhi hasrat hakekat kodrat sosialnya hanya dengan memainkan alat permainan tersebut secara sendirian. Mereka tidak sadar dengan kehidupan yang termanipulasi teknologi menjadi manusia individualis.Masih terdapat banyak persoalan akibat teknologi yang dapat disaksikan, meskipun secara nyata manfaat teknologi tidak dapat dipungkiri. Problematika keilmuan dapat segera diantisipasi dengan merumuskan kerangka dasar nilai bagi pengembangan ilmu. Kerangka dasar nilai ini harus menggambarkan suatu sistem filosofi kehidupan yang dijadikan prinsip kehidupan masyarakat, yang sudah mengakar dan membudaya dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, yaitu nilai nilai Pancasila.
Global Perspectives on Accounting Information Systems: Mobile and Cloud Approach
Year: 2015

Cloud computing and mobile applications today are no longer buzzwords, but important resources in the business strategies of companies. More and more SMEs have adopted and currently are using cloud computing and mobile technologies. Big companies developed their own big data centers, private cloud or hybrid cloud as a support for their processes within the shared services architecture. Since Accounting Information Systems (AIS) process and store a series of sensitive and confidential data (general ledger, payroll database, and financial database) cloud and mobile technology adoption requires a rigorous analysis of data and application security. In this paper, based on a quantitative research of existing literature and specialized practice, we wish to synthesize the potential of cloud and mobile technologies in the AIS. We also provided a SWOT analysis of these technologies in the context of AIS.
Aortic pulse wave velocity improves cardiovascular event prediction: an individual participant meta analysis of prospective observational data from 17,635 subjects.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Year: 2014

The goal of this study was to determine whether aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) improves prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events beyond conventional risk factors.  Several studies have shown that aPWV may be a useful risk factor for predicting CVD, but they have been underpowered to examine whether this is true for different subgroups.  We undertook a systematic review and obtained individual participant data from 16 studies. Study specific associations of aPWV with CVD outcomes were determined using Cox proportional hazard models and random effect models to estimate pooled effects.  Of 17,635 participants, a total of 1,785 (10% had a CVD event. The pooled age and sex adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 SD change in loge aPWV were 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22 to 1.50; p 0.001) for coronary heart disease, 1.54 (95% CI: 1.34 to 1.78; p 0.001) for stroke, and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.30 to 1.61; p 0.001) for CVD. Associations stratified according to sex, diabetes, and hypertension were similar but decreased with age (1.89, 1.77, 1.36, and 1.23 for age =50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, and >70 years, respectively; pinteraction <0.001) After adjusting for conventional risk factors, aPWV remained a predictor of coronary heart disease (HR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.11 to 1.35] p 0.001) stroke (HR: 1.28 [95% CI: 1.16 to 1.42] p 0.001) and CVD events (HR: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.18 to 1.43] p 0.001) Reclassification indices showed that the addition of aPWV improved risk prediction (13% for 10 year CVD risk for intermediate risk) for some subgroups.  Consideration of aPWV improves model fit and reclassifies risk for future CVD events in models that include standard risk factors. aPWV may enable better identification of high risk populations that might benefit from more aggressive CVD risk factor management.
Size Constrained Clustering With MILP Formulation
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

Clustering is one of the essential tools for data mining since it reveals the natural structures of the unlabeled data. Many clustering algorithms have been proposed in the last decades. However, few of them are designed to adapt prior knowledge that is available in many real applications, such as the sizes of clusters. In this paper, we propose a novel iterative clustering algorithm that can impose the constraints on the sizes of clusters. Given an unordered set of cluster size constraints, the proposed method minimizes the mean squared error (MSE) while simultaneously considers the size constraints. Each iteration of the proposed method consists of two steps, namely an assignment step and an update step. In the assignment step, the observations are assigned into clusters under the size constraints. The assignment task is modeled as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We prove that part of the constraint matrix of this ILP problem is total unimodular. Therefore, the integer constraints on most of the variables can be omitted so that the problem would become a mixed integer programming (MILP) problem which is much easier to solve. In the update step, new cluster centroids will be updated as the centers of the observations in the corresponding clusters. Experiments on UCI data sets indicate that (1) imposing the size constraints as proposed could improve the clustering performance; (2) compared with the state of the art size constrained clustering methods, the proposed method could efficiently derive better clustering results.
The Study of Morphological Structure, Phase Structure and Molecular Structure of Collagen PEO 600K Blends for Tissue Engineering Application
Year: 2006

A new material which is collagen/ poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend was developed to determine its possibility as a promising material for tissue scaffold. PEO with average molecular weight of 600,000 and collagen originated from calf skin were dispersed in 0.1 M acetic acid to prepare a concentration of 1 wt% for PEO and 0.15 wt% for collagen. The collagen PEO600K blend film was then obtained by solution casting method. SEM results shown that by having certain ratio of collagen and PEO, the membrane began to developed porous structures which are possible to assist tissue attachment on the scaffold. The X ray diffractograms demonstrate PEO 600K influences on the blend thus enhancing crystallinity of collagen. The Infra red spectrum shows intermolecular interactions of collagen and PEO which alter the collagen structure thus explained the membrane morphological changes. Therefore, we concluded that the phase structure and also the molecular structure of the blend are crucial to produce desirable morphological structure of the membrane which is required for a reliable tissue scaffold.
Effectiveness of strategies used to establish plantain in existing pastures
Year: 2019

In recent years plantain (Plantago lanceolata) has emerged as a potential forage for reducing nitrogen losses from dairy farm systems. However, achieving sufficient proportions of plantain in pastures to help meet target reductions in nitrate leaching presents onfarm challenges. To investigate sowing methods for establishing plantain into existing pasture to achieve high plantain populations, direct drilling was compared with broadcasting before and after grazing. Additionally, pre graze mowing versus grazing only, and early versus late first defoliation after sowing were investigated to assess their effect on reducing competition from existing pasture. Botanical composition was determined in a small plot study at Lincoln following summer sowing under irrigation, and from commercial dairy farms in Canterbury (irrigated) and Waikato (not irrigated) Generally, direct drilling was more effective than broadcast sowing for establishing plantain. The method of defoliation after sowing (pre graze mowing or grazing) was not as important as timing of early defoliation in the resulting plantain populations. Early grazing, while seedlings were small enough to avoid defoliation, improved plantain establishment likely by reducing competition from the pre existing pasture.
Victim Detection Using UAV with On board Voice Recognition System
Venue: 2019 Third IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC)
Year: 2019

In this paper, we present a voice recognition based victim detection system using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) When a large scale disaster such as a huge earthquake occurs, the building collapses and it is expected that many people will be buried in rubble. Under such circumstances, it is very important to detect victims effectively in order to promptly rescue victims and raise the survival rate. Therefore, in this study, we propose a system for detecting and rescuing victims whose are buried in rubble. In this study, a speaker installed on the UAV makes sounds for victims to react, and victims are detected by capturing their reaction voice. This reaction voice is mixed with drone sound and other sounds in outdoor environment. For this reason, extracting the human voice from this sound mixture is important to detect victims. We first discuss about the development of an UAV with an on board voice recognition system using a Raspberry pi. Then present about extracting the vic surrounding sounds. We experimentally showed the performance of victim detection using the system. Keywords victim detection; UAV; voice recognition; Navio 2;
Representation of UML class diagrams in OWL 2 on the background of domain ontologies
Venue: e Informatica Softw. Eng. J.
Year: 2019

UML class diagrams can be automatically validated if they are compliant with a domain knowledge specified in a selected OWL 2 domain ontology. The method requires translation of the diagrams into their OWL 2 representation.  The aim of this paper is to present transformation and verification rules of UML class diagrams to their OWL 2 representation.  The analysis of the results of the systematic literature review on the topic of transformation rules between elements of UML class diagrams and OWL 2 constructs. The purpose of the analysis is to present the extent to which state of the art transformation rules cover the semantics expressed in class diagrams. On the basis of the analysis, new transformation rules expressing the semantics not yet covered but expected from the point of view of domain modelling pragmatics have been defined.  The first result is the revision and extension of the transformation rules identified in the literature. The second original result is a proposition of verification rules necessary to check if a UML class diagram is compliant with the OWL 2 domain ontology.  The proposed transformations can be used for automatic validation of compliance of UML class diagrams with respect to OWL 2 domain ontologies.
Balanced Scorecard in Universities
Year: 2018

Performance measurement and reporting leading to greater transparency and accountability of universities have become a challenging issue. Increasingly, universities have been required to provide performance indicators empirical evidence of their value creation to the different group of stakeholders. One of the approaches that may be applied by universities is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) The objective of this paper is to indicate the BSC as a useful tool for the evaluation of the universities' performance.  This study is based on the following research methods: descriptive, deductive, and the literature review. It refers also to case studies that are quoted in the context of their practical BSC application experience and it presents the pioneer approach of California University in BSC adoption. The rationale of this paper follows the principal agent theory that is a foundation of the accountability concept. It refers also to the new managerialism, new public management, and entrepreneurial university.  Based on the literature review concerning the analysis of the examples of universities implementing BSC, this paper argues that BSC provides a framework for the performance measurement that allows for the increased transparency and accountability of these institutions.  The pioneer BSC framework presented in this paper can be used as the basis for the development of general performance measurement in universities.  It is recommended that the universities that want to boost their transparency and be accountable for their outcomes apply and develop the BSC framework to which we refer to in this paper.
Responsibilities and Liabilities for Commercial Activity in the Artic: Introduction
Year: 2016

In recent years, there has been much focus on the Arctic. Thus, as the climate in the Arctic gets milder, new business opportunities arise. This is true both with regard to onshore and offshore activities. To oil companies, the prospect of being able to exploit the presumed large reserves of oil in the Arctic Ocean gives rise to consideration. Also, onshore mining has attracted interest. In Greenland, this includes mining of rare earth minerals, some of which can only be extracted by producing uranium as a by product. Both offshore and onshore business activities will generate a number of related activities in support of the main activities. So will the general interest of the maritime transport sector in taking advantage of the shorter, arctic routes from Europe to Asia. Also tourism has the potential of becoming a prospering industry in the Arctic. Accordingly, also at a more general level, demands for goods, services and labour in the region must be expected to rise. Overall, climate change has given rise to an expectation of an increasing level of activity by private enterprises in the Arctic. However, with an increased level of activity also comes an increased level of risk that something will go wrong. For different reasons the realization of such risks in the Arctic may cause much greater damage than the realization of similar risks elsewhere. Thus, in many Arctic areas the economic survival of small local communities is dependent on the success of investment projects creating jobs and wealth for the inhabitants. If investments go wrong and turn out as failures, this may have profound negative impacts not only for the investor, but for society as a whole. Similarly, consequences of oil pollution at sea in the Arctic may well be much more far reaching than the consequences of similar accidents in other places. For example, it is a simple fact that the effects of oil pollution in the Arctic waters will last for longer than the effects of oil pollution elsewhere since the oil will not dissolve as easily in the cold Artic waters as elsewhere. In addition, large areas in the Arctic are only thinly populated and many areas are uninhabited and extremely difficult to get to. Thus, preventing, limiting and cleaning up after this type of incident poses special challenges. Given the magnitude and potential impacts of the realization of risks related to carrying out activities in the Arctic, the theme of 'responsibility and liability' calls for attention. The aim of this book is to explore these responsibility and liability issues.
Beyond technology and finance: pay as you go sustainable energy access and theories of social change
Year: 2015

Two thirds of people in sub Saharan Africa lack access to electricity, a precursor of poverty reduction and development. The international community has ambitious commitments in this regard, e.g. the UN's Sustainable Energy for All by 2030. But scholarship has not kept up with policy ambitions. This paper operationalises a sociotechnical transitions perspective to analyse for the first time the potential of new, mobileenabled, pay as you go approaches to financing sustainable energy access, focussing on a case study of pay as you go approaches to financing solar home systems in Kenya. The analysis calls into question the adequacy of the dominant, two dimensional treatment of sustainable energy access in the literature as a purely financial/technology, economics/ engineering problem (which ignores sociocultural and political considerations) and demonstrates the value of a new research agenda that explicitly attends to theories of social change aEUR" even when, as in this paper, the focus is purely on finance. The paper demonstrates that sociocultural considerations cut across the literature's traditional two dimensional analytic categories (technology and finance) and are material to the likely success of any technological or financial intervention. It also demonstrates that the alignment of new payas you go finance approaches with existing sociocultural practices of paying for energy can explain their early success and likely longevity relative to traditional finance approaches.
Fermentation Quality and Additives: A Case of Rice Straw Silage
Venue: BioMed research international
Year: 2016

Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing quality of silage product include water soluble carbohydrates, natural microbial population, and harvesting conditions of the forage. Additives are used to control the fermentation processes to enhance nutrient recovery and improve silage stability. This review emphasizes some practical aspects of silage processing and the use of additives for improvement of fermentation quality of rice straw.