nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Self Assembling Halloysite Nanotubes into Concentric Ring Patterns in a Sphere on Flat Geometry.
Venue: Langmuir the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
Year: 2017

Highly ordered and concentric ring patterns consisting of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with hierarchical cholesteric architectures are prepared by evaporation induced self assembly in a sphere on flat geometry. The structure and properties of HNTs are investigated. HNTs show a perfect tubular morphology on the nanoscale with high dispersion stability in water. Upon drying the HNTs aqueous suspension in a sphere on flat confined space, regular concentric HNTs rings are formed on the substrate via a self assembly process. The widths of the inner and outer rings and the spacing between the adjacent rings increase with an increase in the concentration of the HNTs suspension. The highly ordered and concentric HNTs rings show a pronounced Maltese cross like pattern under crossed polarizers, which suggests the formation of hierarchical cholesteric architectures. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observations show a disclination alignment of HNTs in the ring strips, especially with a high concentration of the HNTs suspension. The patterned rough surfaces of the HNTs show low cytotoxicity and can be used as a cell supporting scaffold. The HNTs rings can guide the growth and orientation of C2C12 myoblast cells perpendicular to the rings. This work provides a simple, repeatable, mild, and high efficiency method for obtaining HNTs with hierarchical architectures, which show potential for a large variety of applications, for example, in vascular grafts and skin regeneration.
A composite indicator approach to assess the sustainability and resilience of wastewater management alternatives.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2020

Evaluating the sustainability of wastewater management alternatives is a challenging task. This paper proposes an innovative methodology to assess and compare the sustainability of four wastewater management alternatives: a) centralised water resource recovery facility (WRRF) based on activated sludge (AS) b) centralised WRRF with membrane bioreactors (MBR) c) decentralised WRRFs with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors and trickling filters; d) centralised decentralised hybrid system. In doing so, a composite indicator embracing total annual equivalent costs, carbon emission intensity, eutrophication and resilience (based on robustness and rapidity metrics) was developed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The results show that decentralised and hybrid systems contribute less to carbon emission and eutrophication because of energy and fertilizer harvest and with a trade off of higher costs of 7 17% than the ones of AS and MBR. In addition, decentralised and hybrid systems are more resilient, contributing to lower environmental impacts facing natural disasters. Based on the weights obtained by AHP, the decentralised alternative appears to be the most sustainable option due to its best performance in terms of carbon emission intensity and resilience. By contrast, the MBR alternative appeared the least sustainable evaluated wastewater management alternative. However, this alternative is sustainable option when the eutrophication criterion is heavily prioritized. The proposed approach contributes to the selection of the most sustainable wastewater management alternative from a holistic perspective.
From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees
Venue: Nature machine intelligence
Year: 2020

Tree based machine learning models such as random forests, decision trees and gradient boosted trees are popular nonlinear predictive models, yet comparatively little attention has been paid to explaining their predictions. Here we improve the interpretability of tree based models through three main contributions. (1) A polynomial time algorithm to compute optimal explanations based on game theory. (2) A new type of explanation that directly measures local feature interaction effects. (3) A new set of tools for understanding global model structure based on combining many local explanations of each prediction. We apply these tools to three medical machine learning problems and show how combining many high quality local explanations allows us to represent global structure while retaining local faithfulness to the original model. These tools enable us to (1) identify high magnitude but low frequency nonlinear mortality risk factors in the US population, (2) highlight distinct population subgroups with shared risk characteristics, (3) identify nonlinear interaction effects among risk factors for chronic kidney disease and (4) monitor a machine learning model deployed in a hospital by identifying which features are degrading the model's performance over time. Given the popularity of tree based machine learning models, these improvements to their interpretability have implications across a broad set of domains. Tree based machine learning models are widely used in domains such as healthcare, finance and public services. The authors present an explanation method for trees that enables the computation of optimal local explanations for individual predictions, and demonstrate their method on three medical datasets.
Performance analysis for time of arrival estimation with oversampled low complexity 1 bit a/d conversion
Venue: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Year: 2017

Analog to digital (A/D) conversion plays a crucial role when it comes to the design of energy efficient and fast signal processing systems. As its complexity grows exponentially with the number of output bits, significant savings are possible when resorting to a minimum resolution of a single bit. However, then the nonlinear effect which is introduced by the A/D converter results in a pronounced performance loss, in particular for the case when the receiver is operated outside the low signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime. By trading the A/D resolution for a moderately faster sampling rate, we show that for time of arrival (TOA) estimation under any SNR level it is possible to obtain a low complexity 1 bit receive system which features a smaller performance degradation then the classical low SNR hard limiting loss of 2/p 1.96 dB) Key to this result is the employment of a lower bound for the Fisher information matrix which enables us to approximate the estimation performance for coarsely quantized receivers with correlated noise models in a pessimistic way.
Change Communication and Organizational Trust on Employee's Commitment to Change
Year: 2019

Changes occur in every day including in organizations. Previous studies showed that to succeed the change, individual commitment to change has to be developed. The aims of the research are to know the impact of change communication and organizational trust on a commitment to change and to test which of the two factors that have a more significant impact. The study conducted with 238 employees of banking and non banking (insurance) companies in Jakarta. Data collected using the questionnaires of commitment to change inventory, change communication questionnaire and organizational trust inventory. The results indicate that both change communication and organizational trust have a positive impact on commitment to change. However, the result of change communication is still debatable. Results also show that between the two factors, organizational trust has a higher impact on the commitment to change compares to change communication. The applications of the study are essential for the organization to pay attention and develop organizational trust to establish a commitment to change.
Feasibility of chemically modified cellulose nanofiber membrane as lithium ion battery separators.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces
Year: 2020

Chemical modification of cellulose is beneficial to produce highly porous lithium ion battery (LIB) separators, but introduction of high charge density adversely affects its electrochemical stability in a LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(NMC)/graphite full cell. In this study, the influence of carboxylate functional groups in TOCN on the electrochemical performances of the lithium ion battery separator was investigated. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in operando mass spectrometry measurements were used to elucidate the cause of failure of the batteries containing the TOCN separators, in the presence and absence of sodium counterions in the carboxylate groups and additives. For the TOCN separator with sodium carboxylate functional groups, it seems that Na deposition is the dominant reason for poor electrochemical stability of the cell thereof. The poor performance of the protonated TOCN separator, attributed to a high amount of gas evolution, is dramatically improved by adding 2 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) due to suppressed gas evolution. Unveiling the failure mechanism of the TOCN separators and successively implementing the strategies to improve performance, e.g. removing Na, adding VC, adjusting cycling rates, enable a remarkable cycling performance in the NMC/graphite full cell at 2C (3 mA/cm2) of fast discharging rate. Despite of the aforementioned efforts and compromises required, increased charge density of the TOCN is beneficial to acquire a mechanically stronger separator. In conclusion, the manufacturing process of cellulose nanofibers needs to be carefully adjusted to acquire a desired separator property. To the best of our knowledge, it is first report to perform operando gas evolution measurements to systematically investigate the electrochemical stability of nanocellulose as a LIB separator material. The results elucidate not only the challenges for extensive applications of hygroscopic biomaterials for commercial LIB, but also the practical solutions to achieve high electrochemical stability of the materials.
Seeing emotions, reading emotions: Behavioral and ERPs evidence of the regulation of pictures and words
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2019

Whilst there has been extensive study of the mechanisms underlying the regulation for pictures, the ability and the mechanisms beyond the regulation of words remains to be clarified. Similarly, the effect of strategy when applying a regulatory process is still poorly explored. The present study seeks to elucidate these issues comparing the effect of regulation and of strategy to both neutral and emotional words and pictures.  Thirty young adults applied the strategy of distancing to the emotions elicited by unpleasant and neutral pictures and words while their subjective ratings and ERPs were recorded. At a behavioral level, participants successfully regulated the arousal and the valence of both pictures and words. At a neural level, unpleasant pictures produced an increase in the late positive potential modulated during the regulate condition. Unpleasant linguistic stimuli elicited a posterior negativity as compared to neutral stimuli, but no effect of regulation on ERP was detectable. More importantly, the effect of strategy independently of stimulus type, produced a significant larger Stimulus Preceding Negativity. Dipole reconstruction localized this effect in the middle frontal areas of the brain.  As such, these new psychophysiological findings might help to understand how pictures and words can be regulated by distancing in daily life and clinical contexts, and the neural bases of the effect of strategy for which we suggest an integrative model.
Effects of One Step Hot Oil Treatment on the Physical, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Bamboo Scrimber
Venue: Molecules
Year: 2020

Bamboo scrimber is a new type of bamboo based panel that is prone to be affected by biological and service environments under outdoor conditions. In this paper, the physical and mechanical performance and the microchemical and surface properties of untreated and hot oil treated bamboo scrimber were analyzed to illustrate the processing mechanism of scrimber. Methyl silicone oil treatment was carried out at 120, 140, and 160 degC for 2, 4, and 6 h. The density, mechanical properties, air dried moisture content, surface morphology, chemical structure, swelling properties, color, and contact angle of the bamboo scrimber were analyzed to evaluate the treatment effectiveness. Observation of the environmental scanning electron microscope indicated that the glue layer of the bamboo scrimber was not significantly damaged after hot oil treatment. At low temperatures, the mechanical properties did not change significantly. Infrared spectrum analysis showed a significant decrease in mechanical properties at higher temperatures and longer treatment time for the degradation of hemicellulose. The contact angle test and swelling properties test showed that the hot oil treatment improved the dimensional stability and reduced the wettability on the surface of the bamboo scrimber. The above analysis results show that the treatment at 140 degC for 2 h is most effective.
Cold War and Hot Translation
Year: 2007

A few months ago I went to see U Carmen eKhayelitsha, Mark Dornford May's thrilling transposition of Bizet's opera from Spain into the poor yet vibrant township near Cape Town and from French into the click marked beat of isiXhosa singing. Returning from the movie theater, my thoughts turned to the question of translatability. Is South African culture at this moment particularly ripe for transposing and adapting (Western) narratives, or do the preferential flows established by globalization make its own cultural products more readily translatable for an international audience eager to receive the post apartheid message of peace, reconciliation, and democracy? Is translation a more appropriate metaphor to represent post Cold War culture than the preceding paradigms, or does it equally apply to the apartheid timeframe? The following is a meditation on translation of cultural paradigms and ideas between the United States and South Africa. The model on which I build my argument is that of a world engaged in a continuous flow of cultural and economic exchange, fast paced at times (as today, with the intensified rhythms of globalization) slower at other times (as beneath the frozen political surfaces of the Cold War) But even then, with some trimming and adjustments, cultural texts, political ideas, or just slogans were still being translated from one geopolitical entity to another. Since the end of apartheid, the South African economy opened to the world market and the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP) moved away from their traditional socialist, Eastern European affiliations and closer to the only one remaining superpower on the world scene: the United States. There is a lot of emphasis today on cultural exchange, and South Africa borrows
Split learning for health: Distributed deep learning without sharing raw patient data
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

Can health entities collaboratively train deep learning models without sharing sensitive raw data? This paper proposes several configurations of a distributed deep learning method called SplitNN to facilitate such collaborations. SplitNN does not share raw data or model details with collaborating institutions. The proposed configurations of splitNN cater to practical settings of i) entities holding different modalities of patient data, ii) centralized and local health entities collaborating on multiple tasks and iii) learning without sharing labels. We compare performance and resource efficiency trade offs of splitNN and other distributed deep learning methods like federated learning, large batch synchronous stochastic gradient descent and show highly encouraging results for splitNN.
How to Meet Increased Capacities by Future Green 5G Networks: A Survey
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

The mass and widespread adoption of connected mobile devices have brought about enormous social changes with significant economic, cultural, and technological impacts on a society that is becoming increasingly connected. Therefore, energy efficiency in future mobile generations is becoming increasingly significant for cellular network operators. To realize future green networks based on energy efficient architecture that meets the holistic requirements in terms of capacity, this paper presents an overview of the principal driving factors triggered by the next mobile generation, 5G, to fulfill the needed requirements. A detailed discussion of the various advantages and disadvantages of each of these techniques is performed to contribute to understanding how the green radio architecture for future mobile networks can be designed and what challenges may oppose this realization.
Collaborative Demand Planning: Creating Value Through Demand Signals
Year: 2010

This chapter focuses on collaborative demand planning particularly when information is shared in the downstream supply chain between manufacturer and retailer. The use of collaborative practices is transforming traditional supply chain models toward demand driven supply chains but implies deep organisational changes to prompt vertical alignment. The analysis of practices that permit efficient collaboration between manufacturers and retailers shows that information sharing on demand signals in supply chains is one of the keys to responding to retail demand with greater agility. This chapter aims to show how a manufacturing supply chain needs to be aligned with the retail supply chain in order to create value for the trading partners and for the final consumer. Through the analysis of three case studies, it is attempted to identify which practices allow efficient collaborative demand planning. Regarding the findings, different types of demand signals are identified through the planning process and allow one to highlight some breaking points that prevent the alignment and the optimisation of the retail chain. Research implications are the identification of four steps in the demand planning process that will help managers to better understand which actions should be taken to improve their collaboration practices. The originality of this chapter lies in the fact that it goes beyond historical demand figures analysis and focuses, rather, on information sharing concerning demand signals within supply chains as one of the keys to responding to retail demand with greater agility.
Optimal Distributed Kalman Filtering Fusion With Singular Covariances of Filtering Errors and Measurement Noises
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Year: 2014

In this paper, we present the globally optimal distributed Kalman filtering fusion with singular covariances of filtering errors and measurement noises. The following facts motivate us to consider the problem. First, the invertibility of estimation error covariance matrices is a necessary condition for most of the existing distributed fusion algorithms. However, it can not be guaranteed to exist in practice. For example, when state estimation for a given dynamic system is subject to state equality constraints, the estimation error covariance matrices must be singular. Second, the proposed fused state estimate is still exactly the same as the centralized Kalman filtering using all sensor raw measurements. Moreover, the existing performance analysis results on the distributed Kalman filtering fusion for the multisensor system with feedback are also extended to the singular covariance matrices of filtering error. The final numerical examples support the theoretical results and show an advantage of less computational burden.
Simple Wide Frequency Range Impedance Meter Based on AD5933 Integrated Circuit
Year: 2015

As it contains elements of complete digital impedance meter, the AD5933 integrated circuit is an interesting solution for impedance measurements. However, its use for measurements in a wide range of impedances and frequencies requires an additional digital and analogue circuitry. This paper presents the design and performance of a simple impedance meter based on the AD5933 IC. Apart from the AD5933 IC it consists of a clock generator with a programmable prescaler, a novel DC offset canceller for the excitation signal based on peak detectors and a current to voltage converter with switchable conversion ratios. The authors proposed a simple method for choosing the measurement frequency to minimalize errors resulting from the spectral leakage and distortion caused by a lack of an anti aliasing filter in the DDS generator. Additionally, a novel method for the AD5933 IC calibration was proposed. It consists in a mathematical compensation of the systematic error occurring in the argument of the value returned from the AD5933 IC as a result. The performance of the whole system is demonstrated in an exemplary measurement.
New directions in the study of Africa China media and communications engagements
Year: 2017

The Africa China media and communications field is a nascent but rapidly growing one. This paper provides an overview of the field, followed by a discussion of the theoretical pathways that can be considered as productive in taking the field forward. The paper argues for the need for rigorous theory building approaches, and makes some suggestions about how this field of study can be developed. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential further research issues.
ACCUMULATION OF LIPID DROPLETS AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF BOVINE EMBRYOS (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) PRODUCED In Vitro
Year: 2017

Embryos developed in vitro usually have markedly more lipid than in vivo controls may contribute to their lower post cryopreservation survival and high rates of embryonic death. The use of a serum free media, the addition of albumin or chemicals to improve embryo development and quality. The aim of the research was to evaluate the quantitative fluctuation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD) of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos of at different developmental stages cultured in modified synthetic oviductal fluid medium supplemented with essential amino acids, non essential amino acids, myo inositol and citrate (mSOFaaci) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mSOFaaci bovine serum albumin (BSA) fatty acids free and 5% mSOFaaci+ fetal calf serum (FCS) To these, ovaries were collected from slaughtered female cows, cumulus oocytecomplex (COCs) were collected, then matured, fertilized and then cultured the presumptive zygotes in different media referred for further assessment of the rate of embryo division and accumulation of cytoplasmic LD in embryos of two to four and more than four cells, morulae and blastocysts in IVP bovine embryos. The results showed no significant differences between cleavage rates and blastocyst production by treatments with PVA, BSA and BSA 2.5% FCS. For lipid accumulation, the number and size of LD was similar between different developmental stages of the three evaluated treatments, highlighting a lot of small LD in most of the stages and a large significant increase of medium and large droplets in morulae grown in FCS respect the other two treatments. In conclusion, embryo culture systems evaluated are equivalent alternatives for IVP, being capable of supporting embryonic development to the blastocyst stage. The amount of LD found was similar in all stages of the treatments, except morulae cultured in 2.5% FCS showed larger drops, phenomenon associated to the incursion with serum from the beginning of culture.