nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The social legitimacy of the universal basic income from a social justice perspective: a comparative analysis of Germany and Slovenia
Venue: Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy
Year: 2020

The universal basic income (UBI) has found its way into public debates and has prominent advocates across almost all political camps. In many debates, it is presented as a solution for the consequences of a large variety of current societal challenges, such as unemployment, over education, ecological crises, gender inequality and issues related to digitalization and automatization. While UBI has been discussed broadly from an expert position, we know very little about the population's perceptions of UBI. Thus, to shed light on the public legitimacy of UBI as a radically different concept of social justice and citizenship, our contribution uses data from large group discussions where participants explicitly refer to the UBI as an option for a future welfare state. By comparing debates in Slovenia and Germany, we unearth that the perspective adopted by the participants towards a UBI is strongly shaped by the welfare institutions of the countries in which they live and the social justice principles embodied in those institutions.
Risk factors for cytomegalovirus disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a systematic review
Venue: Advances in Rheumatology
Year: 2019

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen causing reactivation and disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. This study aims to systematically review the literature for risk factors associated with CMV disease in SLE patients, in order to identify those more susceptible to CMV infection during their treatment.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on 4 different search engines and via hand search until May 2017. Studies were included after quality assessment via the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields (HTA KMET).ResultsTwo studies on CMV disease were included. Elevated CMV viral load, higher steroid doses, use of immunosuppressants and disease duration were the most commonly associated risk factors for CMV disease.ConclusionHigh CMV viral loads, longer SLE disease duration and higher steroid doses were associated with CMV disease. Further studies studying the risk of treatment drugs and role of interventions in the development of CMV infection are needed.
Video assisted thoracoscopic image guided spine surgery: evolution of 19 years of experience, from endoscopy to fully integrated 3D navigation.
Venue: Neurosurgical focus
Year: 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the evolution of thoracoscopic spine surgery from basic endoscopic procedures using fluoroscopy and anatomical localization through developmental iterations to the current technology use in which endoscopy and image guided surgery are merged with intraoperative CT scanning.  The authors provided detailed explanations of their thoracoscopic spine surgery techniques, beginning with their early generation endoscopy with fluoroscopic localization, which was followed with point surface matching techniques and early image guidance. The authors supplanted this with the modern era of image guidance, thoracoscopic spine surgery, and seamless integration that has reached its current level of refinement.  A retrospective review of single institution thoracoscopic procedures performed by the senior author over the course of 19 years yielded a total of 160 patients, including 73 women and 87 men. The mean patient age was 55 years, and the range included patients 16 94 years of age. There were no patients with worsened neurological function. One hundred sixteen patients underwent surgery for thoracic disc herniation, 18 for underlying neoplasms with spinal cord compression, 14 for osteomyelitis and discitis, 12 for thoracic deformity with neurological changes, and 8 for traumatic etiologies.  More than 19 years of experience has revealed the benefits of integrating thoracoscopic spine surgery with intraoperative CT scanning and image guided surgery, including direct decompression without manipulation of neural elements, superior 3D spatial orientation, and localization of complex spinal anatomy. With the exponential growth of machine learning, robotics, artificial intelligence, and advances in imaging techniques and endoscopic imaging, there may be further refinements of this technique on the horizon.
Analysis of long time efficiency of photovoltaic installation
Year: 2017

In the paper the results of long time investigations of the photovoltaic installation situated in Gdynia Maritime University are presented. A short description of the considered installation and the weather station making possible continuous monitoring of weather parameters are included. The selected results of measurements of exploitive parameters of the considered installation obtained in the selected days and the corresponding to them results of measurements of power density of solar radiation are shown. Slowa kluczowe: Systemy fotowoltaiczne, parametry pogodowe, pomiary.
Feature Super Resolution: Make Machine See More Clearly
Venue: 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Year: 2018

Identifying small size images or small objects is a notoriously challenging problem, as discriminative representations are difficult to learn from the limited information contained in them with poor quality appearance and unclear object structure. Existing research works usually increase the resolution of low resolution image in the pixel space in order to provide better visual quality for human viewing. However, the improved performance of such methods is usually limited or even trivial in the case of very small image size (we will show it in this paper explicitly) In this paper, different from image super resolution (ISR) we propose a novel super resolution technique called feature super resolution (FSR) which aims at enhancing the discriminatory power of small size image in order to provide high recognition precision for machine. To achieve this goal, we propose a new Feature Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (FSR GAN) model that transforms the raw poor features of small size images to highly discriminative ones by performing super resolution in the feature space. Our FSR GAN consists of two subnetworks: a feature generator network G and a feature discriminator network D. By training the G and the D networks in an alternative manner, we encourage the G network to discover the latent distribution correlations between small size and large size images and then use G to improve the representations of small images. Extensive experiment results on Oxford5K, Paris, Holidays, and Flick100k datasets demonstrate that the proposed FSR approach can effectively enhance the discriminatory ability of features. Even when the resolution of query images is reduced greatly, e.g. 1/64 original size, the query feature enhanced by our FSR approach achieves surprisingly high retrieval performance at different image resolutions and increases the retrieval precision by 25% compared to the raw query feature.
Stem and leaf rust resistance in wild relatives of wheat with D genome (Aegilops spp.
Venue: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
Year: 2014

Resistance to stem rust and leaf rust in five D genome species of wheat viz. 267 accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss. 39 of Ae. cylindrica Host, 17 of Ae. ventricosa Tausch, 4 of Ae. crassa Boiss. and 8 of Ae. juvenalis (Thell. Eig were evaluated at adult plant stage. Two hundred and thirty nine (90 accessions of Ae. tauschii, 30 (77 of Ae. cylindrica, 16 (94 of Ae. ventricosa, 3 (75 of Ae. crassa Boiss. and 5 (62.5 of Ae. juvenalis were resistant to stem rust pathotypes prevalent in South India at Wellington under field condition. Invariably, all the accessions of the five species were resistant to leaf rust pathotypes. Quantitative measurement of disease using area under the disease progress curve revealed the slow progress of disease in the resistant accessions compared to susceptible check (Agra Local) Since all the five species have D genome, it could be concluded that the genes present in D genome might play a vital role in leaf rust resistance, but in case of stem rust resistance wide range of differential response was noticed. Among the species evaluated, Ae. tauschii was exploited to a larger extent, followed by Ae. ventricosa and Ae. cylindrica for leaf and stem rust resistance because of the homology of D genome with hexaploid bread wheat. While, Ae. crassa and Ae. juvenalis could not be utilized so far, possibly due to partial homology which makes the transfer of traits difficult. So, these species have considerable potential as a source of rust resistance and may enhance the existing gene pool of resistance to stem and leaf rusts.
A Four Dimensional Evaluation of Teacher Student Attitudes towards Spoken Error Treatment
Year: 2013

Whether negative evidence should be incorporated in or excluded from an SLA or FLA setting has long been a major concern for practitioners and researchers in the SLA and FLA domains. Some (Bowen, Madsen Hilferty, 1985; Lightbown Spada, 1990; Fathman Whalley, 1990; Ferris Roberts, 2001; Lyster Ranta, 1997; Askew Lodge, 2000; and Ashwell, 2000) endorse the use of corrective feedback while others do not (Krashen, 1982; VanPatten, 1988; Dekeyser, 1993; and Truscott, 1996) What these researchers; however, fail to take under advisement in this realm is learners and teachers' Attitudes towards Error Correction (ATEC) The present experiment wishes to address the issue from this angle, i.e. how teachers and learners' attitude converge and/or diverge as far as their attitude towards error correction is concerned. Some 410 students and 34 teachers were invited to fill out the questionnaires. Additionally, 45 students and 13 teachers were interviewed to delve into the versatile facets of error treatment qualitatively. The results showed which error treatment techniques the students and the teachers most and/or least favored. Not only does the analysis of the data support Vahdani and Mirsaidi's (2007) claim on students' ATEC, but also data analysis suggests common grounds can be detected between students' attitudes and those of their teachers. It can, therefore, be concluded that corrective feedback has won the favor of learners and teachers and that in their now statistically tenable estimation it should be factored in FLA settings.
Surgical Management of the Axilla in Clinically Node Positive Breast Cancer Patients Converting to Clinical Node Negativity through Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps, and Rationale for the EUBREAST 03 AXSANA Study
Venue: Cancers
Year: 2021

Simple Summary Currently, it is unclear which kind of axillary staging surgery breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis should receive after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For decades, these patients have been treated with a full axillary lymph node dissection, even if they converted to clinical node negativity. However, the removal of a large number of lymph nodes during the procedure can increase arm morbidity and impact quality of life. Therefore, several studies investigated less radical surgical strategies in this setting, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy or targeted axillary dissection, i.e. removal of a previously marked node combined with sentinel node removal. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the different surgical techniques and compare national and international recommendations. We show that many questions regarding oncological safety of different surgery types and the optimal marking technique remain unanswered and present the multinational prospective cohort study AXSANA that will address these open issues.  In the last two decades, surgical methods for axillary staging in breast cancer patients have become less extensive, and full axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is confined to selected patients. In initially node positive patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, however, the optimal management remains unclear. Current guidelines vary widely, endorsing different strategies. We performed a literature review on axillary staging strategies and their place in international recommendations. This overview defines knowledge gaps associated with specific procedures, summarizes currently ongoing clinical trials that address these unsolved issues, and provides the rationale for further research. While some guidelines have already implemented surgical de escalation, replacing ALND with, e.g. sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) in cN+ patients converting to clinical node negativity, others recommend ALND. Numerous techniques are in use for tagging lymph node metastasis, but many questions regarding the marking technique, i.e. the optimal time for marker placement and the number of marked nodes, remain unanswered. The optimal number of SLNs to be excised also remains a matter of debate. Data on oncological safety and quality of life following different staging procedures are lacking. These results provide the rationale for the multinational prospective cohort study AXSANA initiated by EUBREAST, which started enrollment in June 2020 and aims at recruiting 3000 patients in 20 countries (NCT04373655; Funded by AGO B, Claudia von Schilling Foundation for Breast Cancer Research, AWOgyn, EndoMag, Mammotome, and MeritMedical)
Nightly selection of resting sites and group behavior reveal antipredator strategies in giraffe
Venue: Ecology and evolution
Year: 2020

This study presents the first findings on nocturnal behavior patterns of wild Angolan giraffe. We characterized their nocturnal behavior and analyzed the influence of ecological factors such as group size, season, and habitat use. Giraffe were observed using night vision systems and thermal imaging cameras on Okapuka Ranch, Namibia. A total of 77 giraffe were observed during 24 nights over two distinct periods July August 2016 (dry season) and February March 2017 (wet season) Photoperiod had a marked influence on their activity and moving behavior. At dusk, giraffe reduced the time spent moving and increasingly lay down and slept at the onset of darkness. Body postures that likely correspond to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep posture (RSP) were observed 15.8 18.3 min after giraffe sat down. Season had a significant effect with longer RSP phases during the dry season (dry: 155.2 191.1 s, n 79; wet: 85.8 94.9 s, n 73) Further analyses of the influence of social behavior patterns did not show an effect of group size on RSP lengths. When a group of giraffe spent time at a specific resting site, several individuals were alert (vigilant) while other group members sat down or took up RSP. Simultaneous RSP events within a group were rarely observed. Resting sites were characterized by single trees or sparse bushes on open areas allowing for good visibility in a relatively sheltered location.
Effectuation and home based online business entrepreneurs
Year: 2015

This article explores effectual processes within home based, online businesses. Our empirical evidence provides a number of refinements to the concept of effectuation in this specific domain. First, the ubiquity of non proprietary online trading platforms encourages the adoption of effectual approaches and removes the importance of forming proprietary strategic alliances and pre commitments. Second, the notion of affordable loss a central tenet of effectuation should be extended beyond the notion of economic to social affordable loss, including loss of status and reputation, and finally, home based online businesses allow effectuation to be associated with low levels of entrepreneurial self efficacy and experience.
Pairs Trading in the UK Equity Market: Risk and Return
Year: 2014

In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive UK evidence on the profitability of the pairs trading strategy. Evidence suggests that the strategy performs well in crisis periods, so we control for both risk and liquidity to assess performance. To evaluate the effect of market frictions on the strategy, we use several estimates of transaction costs. We also present evidence on the performance of the strategy in different economic and market states. Our results show that pairs trading portfolios typically have little exposure to known equity risk factors such as market, size, value, momentum and reversal. However, a model controlling for risk and liquidity explains a far larger proportion of returns. Incorporating different assumptions about bid ask spreads leads to reductions in performance estimates. When we allow for time varying risk exposures, conditioned on the contemporaneous equity market return, risk adjusted returns are generally not significantly different from zero.
Time Delay in Electron C60 Elastic Scattering in a Dirac Bubble Potential Model
Year: 2018

Within the framework of a Dirac bubble potential model for the C60 fullerene shell, we calculated the time delay in slow electron elastic scattering by C60. It appeared that the time of transmission of an electron wave packet through the Dirac bubble potential sphere that simulates a real potential of the C60 cage exceeds by more than an order of magnitude the transmission time via a single atomic core. Resonances in the time delays are due to the temporary trapping of electron into quasi bound states before it leaves the interaction region.
The Mass 'Transubstantiated' into Music: Quotation and Allusion in James Macmillan's Fourth Symphony
Year: 2018

The Scottish composer James MacMillan has denied the use of programmatic elements in his Fourth Symphony (2015) insisting that the work is 'essentially abstract' This study, however, reveals the work to be the Roman Catholic Mass, to use MacMillan's own phrase, 'transubstantiated' into music. I explicate this programme by the identification of pre existing music heard throughout the symphony that of the sixteenth century Scottish composer Robert Carver, plainchant, liturgical recitative, Jewish cantillation, Wagner, and self quotation which combine to form a chain of quotation and allusion that aligns exactly with the elements of the Eucharistic liturgy. The aim of this analysis is not merely to reduce the work to a ground plan of liturgical correspondences, but to give it its due as a profound meditation on the subjective experience of sacred ritual. I consider the reception of the symphony and contextualize the work within the composer's campaign to improve Catholic liturgical music in general.
Evaluation of Bull Semen Quality and Sperm DNA Integrity during Cryopreservation with Different Cryoprotectants
Year: 2019

The fertility rate in dairy cattle with cryopreserved semen significantly depends on the reduction of the toxic effects on the sperms induced during cryopreservation. DNA integrity in sperm is vital for the precise transmission of genetic information and therefore the production of high yielders and maintenance of good health in future generations. The reliable and consistent assessment of sperm motility can be succeeded by Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA) Ten ejaculates were collected from Frisian bulls kept at Centre of excellence for bovine genetics (CEBG) Renala Khurd District Okara. The deleterious effects of three cryoprotectants glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol as a constituent of tris egg yolk citrate extender were compared on diluted post thawed cryopreserved Frisian bull semen. The quality of semen in terms of viability/motility/progressive velocity was determined with computerized external real image optical system (CEROS) and sperm DNA fragmentation was quantified with comet assay using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique. Glycerol was the least followed by DMSO and ethylene glycol was the most toxic cryoprotectant both for semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation. The present study suggests that sperm DNA fragmentation is an associated feature of semen cryopreservation resulting into cell death (non motile sperms) and glycerol as a cryoprotectant constituent of tris egg yolk citrate extender offers a better protection for storage of cryopreserved Frisian bull semen in liquid nitrogen.
Semi supervised sparse feature selection via graph Laplacian based scatter matrix for regression problems
Venue: Inf. Sci.
Year: 2018

Semi supervised feature selection, which exploits both labeled and unlabeled data to select the relevant features, has an important role in many real world applications. Most semi supervised feature selection methods have been exclusively designed for classification problems. In this paper, a semi supervised framework based on graph Laplacian and mixed convex and non convex l 2,p norm (0 p 1) regularization is proposed for regression problems. In the proposed framework, a semi supervised graph Laplacain based scatter matrix constructed for regression problems is used to encode the label information of labeled data and the local structure of both labeled and unlabeled data. To solve the mixed convex and non convex regularized l 2,p norm framework, a unified iterative algorithm is proposed. The convergence of the proposed unified algorithm is theoretically and experimentally proved. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework for regression problems, we perform extensive experiments on different computational drug design regression datasets. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework in comparison with other feature selection methods in selecting the relevant features.
THEORY OF KAPPA DISTRIBUTIONS AND NONEXTENSIVE STATISTICAL MECHANICS: APPLICATIONS IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS
Year: 2019

Classical collisional particle systems residing in thermal equilibrium have their particle velocity/energy distribution function stabilized into a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution. On the contrary, space and astrophysical plasmas are exotic collisionless particle systems residing in stationary states characterized by the so called kappa distributions  A breakthrough in the field came with the connection of kappa distributions with statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, accomplished by the following two findings: (i) kappa distributions maximize the entropy of nonextensive statistical mechanics [4] under the constraints of canonical ensemble [5 8] and (ii) particle systems exchanging heat with each other reaching thermodynamic equilibrium are stabilized always into a kappa distribution [9,10] Thereafter, kappa distributions became increasingly widespread across the physics of astrophysical plasma processes, describing particles in the heliosphere, from the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres to the heliosheath and beyond, the interstellar and intergalactic plasmas  The lecture will review the physical foundations and recent developments of kappa distributions in space and astrophysical plasmas.  Functional background of the Tsallis entropy: "coarse grained" systems and "kappa" distribution functions, Nonlin. Processes Geophys. 7, 211 221 (2000)  A nonextensive entropy approach to kappa distributions,  (2002)  G. Livadiotis and D.J. McComas: Beyond kappa distributions: Exploiting Tsallis statistical mechanics in space plasmas,  (2009)  S. Abe: General pseudoadditivity of composable entropy prescribed by the existence of equilibrium,  (2001)  G. Livadiotis: Thermodynamic origin of kappa distributions,  (2018)