nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The crisis of democracy and the science of deliberation
Venue: Science
Year: 2019

Citizens can avoid polarization and make sound decisions That there are more opportunities than ever for citizens to express their views may be, counterintuitively, a problem facing democracy the sheer quantitative overabundance overloads policymakers and citizens, making it difficult to detect the signal amid the noise. This overload has been accompanied by marked decline in civility and argumentative complexity. Uncivil behavior by elites and pathological mass communication reinforce each other. How do we break this vicious cycle? Asking elites to behave better is futile so long as there is a public ripe to be polarized and exploited by demagogues and media manipulators. Thus, any response has to involve ordinary citizens; but are they up to the task? Social science on "deliberative democracy" offers reasons for optimism about citizens' capacity to avoid polarization and manipulation and to make sound decisions. The real world of democratic politics is currently far from the deliberative ideal, but empirical evidence shows that the gap can be closed.
PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT PADA SUMUR RESAPAN AIR HUJAN UNTUK MENGURANGI RESIKO PENCEMARAN AIR TANAH AKIBAT LIMPASAN HUJAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN SNI 06 2459 2002
Year: 2009

Groundwater recharge technology is the effort to reduce excessive surface runoff and to conserve the groundwater as well. However, runoff can disperse the pollutants which then accumulate in water bodies. Hence, pollutants can contaminate the groundwater by polluted surface runoff that enters the absorption well which is regarded as the most appropriate technology for water conservation. The objective of research is to know the capability of zeolit absorbing pollutants accumulated in the surface runoff. A prototype of absorption well for conserving and minimizing the risk of groundwater contamination is proposed in this research. Results of the research show that zeolit can reduce the pollutants dissolved in surface runoff. Thus, this material can be combined to the absorption well. This prototype should be built with local materials and will be proposed to improve the specification of the absorption well registered in SNI 06 2459 2002.
Database Systems for Advanced Applications, 18th International Conference, DASFAA 2013, Wuhan, China, April 22 25, 2013, Proceedings, Part I
Year: 2013

Shortest Path Computation over Disk Resident Large Graphs Based on Extended Bulk Synchronous Parallel Methods. Fast SimRank Computation over Disk Resident Graphs. S store: An Engine for Large RDF Graph Integrating Spatial Information. Physical Column Organization in In Memory Column Stores. A Specific Encryption Solution for Data Warehouses. NameNode and DataNode Coupling for a Power Proportional Hadoop Distributed File System. Mapping Entity Attribute Web Tables to Web Scale Knowledge Bases. On Leveraging Crowdsourcing Techniques for Schema Matching Networks. A Mechanism for Stream Program Performance Recovery in Resource Limited Compute Clusters. Detecting User Preference on Microblog. Efficient SPARQL Query Evaluation via Automatic Data Partitioning.  An In Memory/GPGPU Approach to Query Processing for Aspect Oriented Data Management. Parallel Triangle Counting over Large Graphs. Document Summarization via Self Present Sentence Relevance Model. A Hybrid Framework for Product Normalization in Online Shopping. A Hybrid Approach for Relational Similarity Measurement. Susceptible Infected Susceptible Epidemic Model.  An Entity Based Dirty Data Management System. Similarity Joins on Item Set Collections Using Zero Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams. Adaptive Query Scheduling in Key Value Data Stores. AVR Tree: Speeding Up the NN and ANN Queries on Location Data. Generalization Based Private Indexes for Outsourced Databases. MVP Index: Towards Efficient Known Item Search on Large Graphs. Continuous Topically Related Queries Grouping and Its Application on Interest Identification. Minimizing Explanations for Missing Answers to Queries on Databases. A Compact and Efficient Labeling Scheme for XML Documents. History Offset Implementation Scheme of XML Documents and Its Evaluations. On the Complexity of t Closeness Anonymization and Related Problems. Distributed Anonymization for Multiple Data Providers in a Cloud System. Feel Free to Check in: Privacy Alert against Hidden Location Inference Attacks in GeoSNs. Consistent Query Answering Based on Repairing Inconsistent Attributes with Nulls. On Efficient k Skyband Query Processing over Incomplete Data. Mining Frequent Patterns from Uncertain Data with MapReduce for Big Data Analytics. Efficient Probabilistic Reverse k Nearest Neighbors Query Processing on Uncertain Data.
Response by the Montreal AI Ethics Institute to the Santa Clara Principles on Transparency and Accountability in Online Content Moderation
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

In April 2020, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) publicly called for comments on expanding and improving the Santa Clara Principles on Transparency and Accountability (SCP) originally published in May 2018. The Montreal AI Ethics Institute (MAIEI) responded to this call by drafting a set of recommendations based on insights and analysis by the MAIEI staff and supplemented by workshop contributions from the AI Ethics community convened during two online public consultation workshops. In its submission, MAIEI provides 12 overarching recommendations for the SCP, these include: 1) ensure there is more diversity in the content moderation process; 2) increase transparency into how platforms guide content ranking; 3) disclose anonymized data on the training and/or cultural background of the content moderators for a platform; 4) tailor content moderation tools for specific issues; 5) draft specific guidelines for messaging applications with regards to data protection in content moderation; 6) take into account cultural differences relevant to what constitutes acceptable behavior online; 7) ensure platforms are transparent in regards to political advertising; 8) ensure greater transparency into the user generated flagging/reporting systems deployed by a platform; 9) clarify if user content is flagged or reported through an automated system; 10) provide more data on the types of content removed from platforms; 11) provide clear guidelines on the appeal process, as well as data on prior appeals; 12) create a system for periodically revisiting the SCP so it reflects various technological advancements, modifications in law and policy, as well as changing trends or movements in content moderation.
Incorporating Music Knowledge in Continual Dataset Augmentation for Music Generation
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Deep learning has rapidly become the state of the art approach for music generation. However, training a deep model typically requires a large training set, which is often not available for specific musical styles. In this paper, we present augmentative generation (Aug Gen) a method of dataset augmentation for any music generation system trained on a resource constrained domain. The key intuition of this method is that the training data for a generative system can be augmented by examples the system produces during the course of training, provided these examples are of sufficiently high quality and variety. We apply Aug Gen to Transformer based chorale generation in the style of J.S. Bach, and show that this allows for longer training and results in better generative output.
Community based prevalence study of rheumatic heart disease in rural Ethiopia
Venue: European journal of preventive cardiology
Year: 2017

Chronic Rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) continues to be a health problem in many low and middle income countries and especially in sub Saharan Africa. Echocardiography has shown that the disease is far more widespread than may be detected by clinical assessment, but data are lacking on the prevalence and epidemiological features in rural Africa.  Community based prevalence survey  We used transthoracic echocardiography to carry out a population based study of RHD in a rural area of Ethiopia. A total of 987 participants aged 6 to 25 were selected by cluster sampling. The prevalence of RHD was assessed by the current consensus World Heart Federation criteria.  There were 37 definite cases of RHD and a further 19 borderline cases giving an overall prevalence of 37.5 cases per 1000 population (95% CI 26.9 51.8) rising to 56.7 (95% CI 43.9 73.5) if the borderline cases are included. The prevalence of definite disease rose to a peak of 60 cases per 1000 in those aged 16 20 years before falling to 11 cases per 1000 in subjects aged 21 25 years. Of the 37 with definite disease, 36 had evidence of mitral valve and seven evidence of aortic valve disease.  RHD has a high prevalence in rural Ethiopia. Although follow up is needed to determine how the disease develops with advancing age, the data provide evidence that the disease is an important health problem in rural sub Saharan Africa requiring urgent concerted action.
Virtuous human hacking: The ethics of social engineering in penetration testing
Venue: Comput. Secur.
Year: 2019

This paper offers a virtue ethics analysis of social engineering in penetration testing. It begins by considering previous research on this topic and argues that such attempts misconstrue or more often overlook this Aristotelian tradition. It articulates the core tenets of virtue ethics and applies them to an analysis of white hat social engineering. A virtue ethics analysis requires that individuals and the firms that initiate the penetration test be placed within a larger communal context which obligates individuals who are potential human hacking victims to participate in the constitution and flourishing of larger communities. As such, for virtue ethics consent is not a necessary condition for the positive ethical status of white hat social engineering. If methods are consistent with moderation (i.e. the golden mean) manipulation at lower orders within the hierarchy of communities can be justified if it can reasonably be understood as part of an individual's participatory obligation and the results of this participation is essential to ensure the eudaimonia of the larger community. Nevertheless, the golden mean requires that robust mitigation strategies lessen the degree of harm inflicted on social engineering victims. Where possible, a degree of consent should be attained as part of this mitigation. Finally, penetration testing firms must be able to demonstrate that a robust ethical training program governs its use of social engineering.
The Biology of Cell free DNA Fragmentation and the Roles of DNASE1, DNASE1L3, and DFFB
Venue: American journal of human genetics
Year: 2020

Cell free DNA (cf.DNA) is a powerful noninvasive biomarker for cancer and prenatal testing, and it circulates in plasma as short fragments. To elucidate the biology of cf.DNA fragmentation, we explored the roles of deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1) deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNASE1L3) and DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB) with mice deficient in each of these nucleases. By analyzing the ends of cf.DNA fragments in each type of nuclease deficient mice with those in wild type mice, we show that each nuclease has a specific cutting preference that reveals the stepwise process of cf.DNA fragmentation. Essentially, we demonstrate that cf.DNA is generated first intracellularly with DFFB, intracellular DNASE1L3, and other nucleases. Then, cf.DNA fragmentation continues extracellularly with circulating DNASE1L3 and DNASE1. With the use of heparin to disrupt the nucleosomal structure, we also show that the 10 bp periodicity originates from the cutting of DNA within an intact nucleosomal structure. Altogether, this work establishes a model of cf.DNA fragmentation.
Effects of COVID 19 Lockdown on Glucose Control: Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data From People With Diabetes on Intensive Insulin Therapy
Venue: Diabetes Care
Year: 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) outbreak forced Italy to begin lockdown on 9 March 2020. This suddenly changed the daily routine of people with diabetes, increasing sedentary behavior, changing eating patterns, and increasing their psychological burden (1,2) all of which may result in changes in glucose control. This is especially relevant for patients on complex therapeutic regimens such as multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) Therefore, the COVID 19 lockdown is an unprecedented model to investigate how acute changes in lifestyle affect glucose control in diabetes. To investigate the effects of lockdown on ambulatory glucose metrics, defined according to the international consensus on time in range (TIR) (3) we performed an analysis of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data of the 14 days preceding (baseline: 24 February to 8 March 2020) and following (lockdown: 10 March to 25 March 2020) the extension of lockdown to the whole of Italy in people with diabetes on MDI or CSII. After exclusion of individuals unable to upload data on online platforms or who had contact with diabetologists for therapeutic changes, 55 adults (43.6% male, median [25th, 75th percentile] age 41 [28, 49] years, disease duration 11 [5, 23] years) with diabetes (90.9% autoimmune, 5.5% type 2, 3.6% post pancreatectomy) treated with MDI =4 insulin injections per day, 50.9% or CSII (49.1%
Cross Sectional Observational Study Performed to See for Relation of Mallampati Score and Extended Mallampati Score with Body Mass Index.
Venue: Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR
Year: 2017

There is increasing incidence of obesity worldwide. Since obese patients have an increased fatty tissue distributed in a truncal fashion, they may have an important and negative impact on the airway patency and respiratory function. Various scoring systems have been used to predict difficult airway, the most commonly used universal bedside tool is the Modified Mallampati Scoring (MMS) It was shown that the Extended Mallampati Score (EMS) predicted difficult laryngoscopy better than the MMS in the obese populations.  To evaluate the association of Mallampati score and EMS in adults.  This cross sectional prospective observational study was performed on 323 subjects. The selection method included convenience sampling technique. Patient data which included name, age, sex, weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Neck Circumference (NC) Mallampati Score, and EMS were collected by two observers, anaesthesiologists. The observers noted their findings of MMS and EMS on the same patient independently. Their findings were entered independently and disclosed only during analysis.  There was good agreement between the observers (kappa value 0.635) for MMS and EMS. The intraobserver correlation coefficient was 0.8 for MMS (p<0.001) and 0.7 (p=0.004) for EMS which was significant. A positive correlation between sex and NC with BMI, MMS and EMS was seen.  From this study we concluded that there was no difference between the MMS and EMS. There was interobserver agreement between MMS and EMS and a positive correlation of body mass index with MMS and EMS was seen.
REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES
Year: 2014

De acuerdo con Popper, (1963) la investigacion cientifica comienza con problemas, los cuales van asociados con la explicacion del comportamiento de algunos aspectos del mundo o universo. El problema es el inicio de la investigacion. Sin la identificacion del problema ni se puede iniciar la investigacion ni se puede continuar, de tal forma que la busqueda no tendria rumbo y el objetivo final estaria indefinido. Por eso se dice que el problema incorpora parte de su solucion. Sin embargo, es importante recalcar que el problema tiene que ser real, ya que, si el problema es fingido, entonces estamos cambiando el ser de las cosas, porque estamos convirtiendo en problematico lo que no lo es. Ademas, sumergimos la investigacion que comienza en la mas absoluta arbitrariedad ya que, en tal caso, el criterio para determinar la solucion no proviene de la cosa misma problematicamente presente, sino de la decision liberrima que adopta una ficcion como solucion de otra ficcion (Valor Yebenes, 2006) Es oportuno advertir que es indudable que la investigacion cientifica en ciencias sociales que se lleva a cabo hoy en dia, nos plantea un problema que tiene que ver con la objetividad y con la verdad del conocimiento, generar informacion confiable y altamente objetiva, es vital por todas las diversas razones que esto implica. Por lo tanto, es necesario que el cientifico social se desprenda de todos los prejuicios y las suposiciones, en donde este separe los juicios de hecho de los juicios de valor (Lowy, 1986) El fin del investigador social debe ser alcanzar la neutralidad imparcial y objetiva durante todo el tiempo de la investigacion asi como en todos los procesos de la misma. Es decir las observaciones del investigador del objeto de estudio deben ser neutrales, objetivas y muy destacadas del fenomeno. Este trabajo esta dirigido a realizar una reflexion sobre la importancia de la objetividad en la investigacion cientifica principalmente en el enunciado del problema, en la identificacion y establecimiento del modelo de variables, asi como en toda la informacion necesaria o generada durante la investigacion.
Environmental and geographic distance determining fish assemblage similarity in a floodplain: role of flow and macrophyte presence
Venue: Environmental Biology of Fishes
Year: 2019

Similarity between assemblages can be explained by environmental and geographic distances, which are directly linked to environmental filtering and dispersal capacity of the species, respectively. Floodplains are typically heterogeneous, creating a situation where environmentally similar habitat patches are more distant geographically than environmentally different ones, what aids the understanding of the importance of each distance to assemblage similarity. Furthermore, flow type and macrophyte presence are important habitat features that influence both environmental conditions and dispersion of species. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of these distances on fish assemblage similarity in a Neotropical floodplain, controlling for macrophyte presence and habitat flow. We tested our predictions using three rivers in Upper Parana River floodplain (Baia, Ivinhema and Parana rivers) First, we tested the difference in fish assemblage similarity considering the three factors (flow, macrophyte presence and river) with a PERMANOVA on presence absence data. We then correlated assemblage similarity (indexed by Jaccard similarity) to environmental distance (indexed by Gower dissimilarity) and geographic distances between sites (in km) Regarding the importance of the environmental heterogeneity, the presence of the macrophytes in lentic environments changed significantly the fish fauna while in semilotic environments, assemblages in sites with and without macrophytes were similar. Both geographic and environmental distances were correlated with similarity in lentic sites and in the absence of macrophytes. With macrophytes and in semilotic environments, the effects of these distances were not significant, because these factors act like environmental filters to pre adapted species, independently of the dispersal distance.
On the end stage of spherical gravitational collapse in a cosmological scenario
Year: 2017

We consider the end stage of spherical gravitational collapse in a cosmological setting. As an alternative to standard spherical top hat collapse, an expanding FLRW metric is matched to a generic contracting solution of Einstein's equations on a space like hypersurface. Using the Israel junction conditions, this is done at a time when the scale factor of expansion reaches its maximum value. In this scenario, we first show that inhomogeneous dust collapse of the LTB type are ruled out by virtue of the junction conditions. We then investigate non dust like collapse with vanishing radial pressure, and show that this can lead to a known regular interior Schwarzschild solution, without ad hoc virialization. The other possibilities at equilibrium invariably lead to naked singularities, and we obtain a new class of such naked singularities. Finally, we consider a simplistic analytic model for collapse, and show via the matching process that it can lead to the formation of singularity free space times as the end stage, while respecting the known cosmological parameters. The presence of trapped surfaces in this example do not lead to singularities, due to a violation of the strong energy condition.
Monitoring biodegradation of ethene and bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated site using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Venue: Environmental science technology
Year: 2012

Chlorinated ethenes are commonly found in contaminated groundwater. Remediation strategies focus on transformation processes that will ultimately lead to nontoxic products. A major concern with these strategies is the possibility of incomplete dechlorination and accumulation of toxic daughter products (cis 1,2 dichloroethene (cDCE) vinyl chloride (VC) Ethene mass balance can be used as a direct indicator to assess the effectiveness of dechlorination. However, the microbial processes that affect ethene are not well characterized and poor mass balance may reflect biotransformation of ethene rather than incomplete dechlorination. Microbial degradation of ethene is commonly observed in aerobic systems but fewer cases have been reported in anaerobic systems. Limited information is available on the isotope enrichment factors associated with these processes. Using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) we determined the enrichment factors associated with microbial degradation of ethene in anaerobic microcosms (e 6.7%0 0.4%0, and 4.0%0 0.8%0) from cultures collected from the Twin Lakes wetland area at the Savannah River site in Georgia (United States) and in aerobic microcosms (e 3.0%0 0.3%0) from Mycobacterium sp. strain JS60. Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, CSIA can be used to determine whether biotransformation of ethene is occurring in addition to biodegradation of the chlorinated ethenes. Using d(13)C values determined for ethene and for chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated field site undergoing bioremediation, this study demonstrates how CSIA of ethene can be used to reduce uncertainty and risk at a site by distinguishing between actual mass balance deficits during reductive dechlorination and apparent lack of mass balance that is related to biotransformation of ethene.
Student agreement regarding adequacy of didactic content and practical experiences of vaccination clinic business operations.
Venue: Currents in pharmacy teaching learning
Year: 2018

To report student perceived adequacy regarding didactic content and practical experiences of vaccination clinic business operations.  Didactic content, a case study, and practical experiences regarding vaccination clinic business operations were implemented in related lectures of a Pharmacy Business and Entrepreneurship (PBE) elective and the college of pharmacy sponsored vaccination clinics. An online survey was used to evaluate student perceived adequacy of didactic content and practical experiences of vaccination clinic business operations.  Mean scaled agreement was compared between students in the PBE elective versus those not in the elective. Student confidence in performing business operations was also assessed. Students in the PBE had higher mean confidence than non elective students regarding staff management (3.23 vs. 2.73, p 0.04) SUMMARY Success of the interventions may be attributed to students in the PBE elective that reported a higher mean perceived adequacy of content and practical experiences and confidence in performing nearly all business operations. Still, further evaluation of interventions is being considered to assess effectiveness of learning.