nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Causes of Death Among Avalanche Fatalities in Colorado: A 21 Year Review.
Venue: Wilderness environmental medicine
Year: 2018

A better understanding of the nature of morbidity and mortality in avalanche accidents helps direct both rescue efforts as well as preventive strategies to reduce fatalities.  We reviewed all avalanche fatalities from the avalanche years beginning in 1994 to 2015 in the state of Colorado, United States, using the database maintained by the Colorado Avalanche Information Center. For each fatality, we obtained the coroner's official determination of cause of death, and autopsy records if one was performed. We used these records to determine cause of death. Injury severity scores (0 75 scale) were calculated for those victims who underwent autopsy.  Mortality information was available for 110 fatalities occurring during the 21 year study period. Of these, 64 underwent autopsy. Asphyxia was the cause of death in 65% of fatalities (72/110) Trauma was the cause of death in 29% of the fatalities (32/110) Of these, the primary cause was multiple system trauma in 38% (12/32) head trauma in 31% (10/32) and spinal injuries in 19% (6/32) Of the victims who died of asphyxia and had autopsy, only 10% (4/42) also had significant trauma, defined as an injury severity score greater than 15. There were 6 fatalities from other causes, including hypothermia, drowning, and primary cardiac arrest. There was no correlation between trauma and mode of travel, avalanche type, or starting zone elevation.  Asphyxia was the primary cause of death in avalanche fatalities in Colorado during our study period. The incidence of fatal trauma was 29% and did not correlate with user group demographics or avalanche characteristics.
Combined gestures and auditory verbal training for comprehension and production of verbs in deaf children
Year: 2016

An important factor determining the efficacy of speech therapy for children with severe hearing loss is the type and the method of educating children in the use of speech language items. Given the shortage of golden time for language learning, it is necessary to use efficient speech therapy approaches for improving the language of the child. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding gestures to auditory verbal training (AVT) in speech therapy for children with severe hearing loss.  In this double blinded clinical trial, 66 children with severe hearing loss were randomly assigned to two groups of 33 subjects. Receptive and expressive language competence for some simple Persian verbs was evaluated by the Newsha test. The AVT was accompanied by gesture for the intervention group and no accompanying gesture for the control group. Simple verbs include fifty early action words such as sit, run, hold, and go.  In both the experimental and control groups, a significant difference was observed for receptive language of simple verbs before and after the intervention (P 0.001, P 0.045) However, no significant difference was found before the intervention (P 0.532) there was a significant difference between mean receptive score of the two groups after the intervention (P 0.032)  Adding gestures to AVT significantly changed the mean expressive score in 2 3 year old children with severe hearing loss. But, both the synthetic approach and the AVT had the same degree of positive effect for education of receptive language of simple verbs for these children.
Purchasing behavior in social virtual worlds: An examination of Habbo Hotel
Venue: Int. J. Inf. Manag.
Year: 2013

Spending real money on virtual goods and services has become a popular form of online consumer behavior, particularly among teenagers. This study builds on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to examine the role of motivation, social influence, measured with perceived network size as well as user interface and facilitating conditions in predicting the intention to engage in purchasing in social virtual worlds. The research model is tested with data from 1045 users of Habbo Hotel, world's most popular virtual world for teenagers. The results underscore the role of perceived network size and motivational factors in explaining in world purchase decisions. The study shows that virtual purchasing behavior is substantially influenced by the factors driving usage behavior. Hence, virtual purchasing can be understood as a means to enhance the user experience. For virtual world operators, reinforcing the sense of presence of user's social network offers a means to promote virtual purchasing.
Ethical brand management: customer relationships and ethical duties
Year: 2010

This paper seeks to explore the ethical implications of creating committed customer relationships. The paper uses an empirical study to test a series of hypotheses concerning the impact of customers' commitment to a brand on their behaviors toward that brand. It then contrasts these behavioral changes with the assumptions of ethical frameworks. Customers' behaviors toward a brand change as they become committed to the brand. They shop less, consider fewer brands, and are willing to pay more. These changes violate assumptions of less stringent ethical frameworks. The result is that, as customer commitment increases, the ethical burden on the brand also increases. This research is limited by the scope of the sample, automobile finance. Future research should explore customer commitment in other product and service categories to determine the extent to which commitment varies. The implications of these.
Reduced reference image quality assessment in reorganized DCT domain
Venue: Signal Process. Image Commun.
Year: 2013

In this paper, a novel reduced reference (RR) image quality assessment (IQA) is proposed by depicting the subband statistical characteristics in the reorganized discrete cosine transform (RDCT) domain. First, the block based DCT coefficients are reorganized into a three level coefficient tree, resulting in ten RDCT subbands. For the intra RDCT subband characteristic, the coefficient distribution of each RDCT subband is modeled by the generalized Gaussian density (GGD) function. The city block distance (CBD) is employed to measure the modeling error between the actual distribution and the fitted GGD curve. For the inter RDCT subband characteristic, the mutual information (MI) is utilized to depict the dependencies between coefficient pairs in related RDCT subbands. Moreover, a frequency ratio descriptor (FRD) calculated in the RDCT domain is proposed to depict how the image energy distributes among different frequency components. The FRD values computed from both the reference and distorted images are jointly considered to derive a novel mutual masking strategy for simulating the texture masking property of the human visual system (HVS) By considering the GGD modeling of intra RDCT subband, MI of inter RDCT subbands, and FRD of the image, the proposed RR IQA is developed. Experimental results demonstrate that a small number of RR features is sufficient to represent the reference image for the perceptual quality analysis. The proposed method can outperform the state of the art RR IQAs, and even the full reference (FR) PSNR and SSIM.
Edge of Things: The Big Picture on the Integration of Edge, IoT and the Cloud in a Distributed Computing Environment
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2018

A centralized infrastructure system carries out existing data analytics and decision making processes from our current highly virtualized platform of wireless networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. There is a high possibility that these existing methods will encounter more challenges and issues in relation to network dynamics, resulting in a high overhead in the network response time, leading to latency and traffic. In order to avoid these problems in the network and achieve an optimum level of resource utilization, a new paradigm called edge computing (EC) is proposed to pave the way for the evolution of new age applications and services. With the integration of EC, the processing capabilities are pushed to the edge of network devices such as smart phones, sensor nodes, wearables, and on board units, where data analytics and knowledge generation are performed which removes the necessity for a centralized system. Many IoT applications, such as smart cities, the smart grid, smart traffic lights, and smart vehicles, are rapidly upgrading their applications with EC, significantly improving response time as well as conserving network resources. Irrespective of the fact that EC shifts the workload from a centralized cloud to the edge, the analogy between EC and the cloud pertaining to factors such as resource management and computation optimization are still open to research studies. Hence, this paper aims to validate the efficiency and resourcefulness of EC. We extensively survey the edge systems and present a comparative study of cloud computing systems. After analyzing the different network properties in the system, the results show that EC systems perform better than cloud computing systems. Finally, the research challenges in implementing an EC system and future research directions are discussed.
A Programmable Artificial Neural Network Coprocessor for Handwritten Digit Recognition
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT)
Year: 2019

This paper proposes the hardware architecture of an artificial neural network coprocessor that its structure can be programmable. The number of neurons in each layer of a feedforward network can be set by writing configuration registers. The processing unit with four MACs and the sigmoid calculation engine are connected in eight pipeline stages to enhance the processing speed. The application of handwritten digit recognition from the MNIST database was performed to verify the performance of proposed architecture. The design was developed with Verilog HDL and implemented on the Xilinx Artix 7 XC7A35T FPGA. The experimental results revealed that the speed of back propagation learning and validation process can be up to 47 times faster than computation on ARM Cortex A4 CPU, while the recognition rate is still the same.
Dynamic Programming Algorithm for minimizing operating cost of a PEM fuel cell vehicle
Venue: 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics
Year: 2012

A PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell city bus utilizes a PEM fuel cell engine as the primary source, and a li ion battery system as the auxiliary power source. By optimizing the power split strategy and recycling braking energy, this kind of power train has advantages of zero emission and high energy efficiency. However, the cost of hydrogen gas is far more expensive than that of the electric energy. How to split the power between the two power sources so as to minimize the operating cost, as well as guarantee the vehicle dynamic performance, becomes an important topic. This paper proposes a Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA) to solve the minimizing problem. Some details of the DPA are discussed, e.g. the principles of selecting parameters for the algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by comparing simulating results of different algorithms. Results show that, 1) by using the DPA algorithm, we can find the optimal control strategy in an objective way. 2) The constraints of vehicle dynamic performance on the optimal problem have great influences on the optimal results. 3) To predict the power requirement in the near future is very important to achieve an optimal real time strategy.
El uso de ceniza volante y aditivos en la elaboracion del concreto como solucion ecologica
Year: 2018

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es describir las caracteristicas que presenta el concreto cuando se utiliza ceniza volante y se varia su dosificacion y destacar los beneficios que presentan ciertas propiedades del concreto cuando se utilizan aditivos, mediante una revision bibliografica. Como resultado de este articulo se puede destacar el aumento de la resistencia y del modulo de elasticidad del concreto cuando se reemplaza hasta el 30% de la masa de la arena o hasta el 20% de la masa del cemento, gracias a su morfologia que demanda menor cantidad de agua disminuye la porosidad del hormigon. Los aditivos mejoran ciertas propiedades del concreto como aumentando su trabajabilidad y resistencia y disminuyendo la segregacion, sangrado y la relacion A/C. Esto permite concluir que tanto los aditivos como la ceniza volante son beneficiosos para el hormigon cuando se utilizan en un correcto porcentaje de su dosificacion. EnglishThe objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of concrete when using fly ash and its dosage is varied and to highlight the benefits of concrete properties when additives are used, through a bibliographic review. As a result of this article we can highlight the increase in the strength and modulus of elasticity of the concrete when it replaces up to 30% of the mass of the sand or up to 20% of the mass of the cement, thanks to its morphology that demands less water reduces the porosity of the concrete. The additives improve certain concrete properties such as increasing their workability and resistance and decreasing segregation, bleeding and the A C ratio. This allows to conclude that both additives and fly ash are beneficial for concrete when they are used in a correct percentage of their dosage.
A TIME SERIOUS ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC INFLUENCE OF FEMALE'S MENSTRUAL CYCLE TO SPORT PERFORMANCE
Year: 2008

This research uses Cross Correlation Function, C.C.F. as a dynamic relationship evaluation model to study the dynamic influences of the menstrual cycle on sport performances. This research takes females with a regular menstrual cycle to be the test subjects. Their basic body temperatures were recorded every day. A Kistler Quattro Jump force plate was used to record continuously for sixty days the parameters of muscular strength, jump performance, and fatigue index during the subjects performance of a counter movement Jump (CMJ) squat Jump (SJ) and thirty second continuous bent leg jumps (CJB) The late stage of the follicular phase and the early stage of the luteal phase have a positive influence on sport performance. This also illustrates that sport performance for female athletes will be varied dynamically in accordance with the time of menstrual cycle.
COVID 19 clinical management
Year: 2020

On January 9 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS CoV 2 responsible of a disease (COVID 19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9 2020, WHO declared COVID 19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID 19 infection after China. The "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID 19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID 19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; they should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data.
Water Hazard Detection Based on 3D LIDAR
Year: 2014

Autonomous off road navigation is a highly complicated task for a robot or unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) owing to the different kinds of obstacles it could encounter. In particular, water hazards such as puddles and ponds are very common in outdoor environments and are hard to detect even with ranging devices due to the specular nature of reflection at the air water interface. In recent years, many researches to detect the water bodies have been done. But there still has been very little work on detecting bodies of water that could be navigation hazards, especially at night. In this paper, we used Velodyne HDL 64ES2 3D LIDAR to detect water hazard. The approach first analyzes the data format and transformation of 3D LIDAR, and then writes the data acquisition and visualizations algorithm, integrated data based on ICP algorithm. Finally according the intensity distribution identifies the water hazard. Experiments are carried out on the experimental car in campus, and results show the promising performance.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN BERKESINAMBUNGAN PADA NY. I UMUR 19 TAHUN PRIMIGRAVIDA DI PMB FITRI NURUL H PAKEM SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Year: 2018

Asuhan secara berkelanjutan (Continuity of Care) yaitu asuhan komprehensif dimulai dari pemantauan salama kehamilan, bersalin, nifas, neonatus dan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi. Tujuan penyusunan Laporan Tugas Akhir untuk memberikan asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan dan melakukan dokumentasi SOAP pada ibu hamil, bersalin, nifas, neonatus menggunakan managemen kebidanan. Penerapan asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan ini telah diberikan penulis pada Ny. I di PMB Fitri Nurul H. Asuhan diberikan saat ibu kunjungan ke tenaga kesehatan atau melalui kunjungan rumah. Asuhan kebidanan Ny. I berlangsung dengan baik, kunjungan hamil 4 kali, persalinan 1 kali, nifas 3 kali, neonatus 3 kali. Persalinan berlangsung normal di RSI Sakina Idaman atas indikasi KPD 9 jam dengan kala I 12 jam, kala II 45 menit, kala III 5 menit dan kala IV 2 jam. Tanggal 15 Maret 2018 pukul 20.00 WIB lahir bayi perempuan langsung menangis BB 3060 gram, PB 50 cm. Masa nifas berlangsung selama 6 minggu dengan normal, ibu memilih KB IUD. Asuhan kebidanan neonatus tidak ditemukan masalah maupun kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik. Asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan yang telah dilakukan pada Ny."N" saat hamil, bersalin, nifas, BBL didapatkan hasil semua dalam batas normal tidak ada penyulit yang membahayakan ibu ataupun bayinya. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan khususnya bidan dalam memberikan asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan selalu menerapkan managemen kebidanan, dan meningkatkan kompetensi dalam memberikanasuhan sesuai dengan standart pelayan kebidanan.
A new technique to characterize CT scanner bow tie filter attenuation and applications in human cadaver dosimetry simulations.
Venue: Medical physics
Year: 2015

To present a noninvasive technique for directly measuring the CT bow tie filter attenuation with a linear array x ray detector.  A scintillator based x ray detector of 384 pixels, 307 mm active length, and fast data acquisition (model X Scan 0.8c4 307, Detection Technology, FI 91100 Ii, Finland) was used to simultaneously detect radiation levels across a scan field of view. The sampling time was as short as 0.24 ms. To measure the body bow tie attenuation on a GE Lightspeed Pro 16 CT scanner, the x ray tube was parked at the 12 o'clock position, and the detector was centered in the scan field at the isocenter height. Two radiation exposures were made with and without the bow tie in the beam path. Each readout signal was corrected for the detector background offset and signal level related nonlinear gain, and the ratio of the two exposures gave the bow tie attenuation. The results were used in the geant4 based simulations of the point doses measured using six thimble chambers placed in a human cadaver with abdomen/pelvis CT scans at 100 or 120 kV, helical pitch at 1.375, constant or variable tube current, and distinct x ray tube starting angles.  Absolute attenuation was measured with the body bow tie scanned at 80 140 kV. For 24 doses measured in six organs of the cadaver, the median or maximum difference between the simulation results and the measurements on the CT scanner was 8.9% or 25.9% respectively.  The described method allows fast and accurate bow tie filter characterization.
SMAPGAN: Generative Adversarial Network Based Semisupervised Styled Map Tile Generation Method
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Year: 2021

Traditional online map tiles, which are widely used on the Internet, such as by Google Maps and Baidu Maps, are rendered from vector data. The timely updating of online map tiles from vector data, for which generation is time consuming, is a difficult mission. Generating map tiles over time from remote sensing images is relatively simple and can be performed quickly without vector data. However, this approach used to be challenging or even impossible. Inspired by image to image translation (img2img) techniques based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) we proposed a semisupervised generation of styled map tiles based on the GANs (SMAPGAN) model to generate styled map tiles directly from remote sensing images. In this model, we designed a semisupervised learning strategy to pretrain SMAPGAN on rich unpaired samples and fine tune it on limited paired samples in reality. We also designed the image gradient L1 loss and the image gradient structure loss to generate a styled map tile with global topological relationships and detailed edge curves for objects, which are important in cartography. Moreover, we proposed the edge structural similarity index (ESSI) as a metric to evaluate the quality of the topological consistency between the generated map tiles and ground truth. The experimental results show that SMAPGAN outperforms state of the art (SOTA) works according to the mean squared error, the structural similarity index, and the ESSI. Also, SMAPGAN gained higher approval than SOTA in a human perceptual test on the visual realism of cartography. Our work shows that SMAPGAN is a new tool with excellent potential for producing styled map tiles. Our implementation of SMAPGAN is available at https:/github.com/imcsq/SMAPGAN.
Hydration states of AFm cement phases
Year: 2015

The AFm phase, one of the main products formed during the hydration of Portland and calcium aluminate cement based systems, belongs to the layered double hydrate (LDH) family having positively charged layers and water plus charge balancing anions in the interlayer. It is known that these phases present different hydration states (i.e. varying water content) depending on the relative humidity (RH) temperature and anion type, which might be linked to volume changes (swelling and shrinkage) Unfortunately the stability conditions of these phases are insufficiently reported. This paper presents novel experimental results on the different hydration states of the most important AFm phases: monocarboaluminate, hemicarboaluminate, stratlingite, hydroxy AFm and monosulfoaluminate, and the thermodynamic properties associated with changes in their water content during absorption/desorption. This data opens the possibility to model the response of cementitious systems during drying and wetting and to engineer systems more resistant to harsh external conditions.
"Destroy and Kill 'the Left'" Duterte on Communist Insurgency in the Philippines with a Reflection on the Case of Suharto's Indonesia
Venue: Journal of Genocide Research
Year: 2019

This essay focuses on Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's speech delivered in December 2018 regarding his intent to wipe out the communist elements in the country. It first provides a background on the fifty year long communist insurgency in the Philippines and the peace process under Duterte's administration. It then historically reflects on the case of coordinated killings of communists in Indonesia during Suharto's regime to examine whether Duterte's plan of an "all out war" and "strategic hamletization" mirrors the rhetoric and strategies carried out by the Indonesian military. The last section surveys the potential outcome of Duterte's proclamation and less violent options for his administration in addressing the communist insurgency in the Philippines.