nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Cognitive Motor Interference during Multitasking in Young and Old Adults
Venue: Neural plasticity
Year: 2019

The concurrent performance of cognitive and postural tasks is particularly impaired in old adults and associated with an increased risk of falls. Biological aging of the cognitive and postural control system appears to be responsible for increased cognitive motor interference effects. We examined neural and behavioral markers of motor cognitive dual task performance in young and old adults performing spatial one back working memory single and dual tasks during semitandem stance. On the neural level, we used EEG to test for age related modulations in the frequency domain related to cognitive postural task load. Twenty eight healthy young and 30 old adults participated in this study. The tasks included a postural single task, a cognitive postural dual task, and a cognitive postural triple task (cognitive dual task with postural demands) Postural sway (i.e. total center of pressure displacements) was recorded in semistance position on an unstable surface that was placed on top of a force plate while performing cognitive tasks. Neural activation was recorded using a 64 channel mobile EEG system. EEG frequencies were attenuated by the baseline postural single task condition and demarcated in nine Regions of Interest (ROIs) i.e. anterior, central, posterior, over the cortical midline, and both hemispheres. Our findings revealed impaired cognitive dual task performance in old compared to young participants in the form of significantly lower cognitive performance in the triple task condition. Furthermore, old adults compared with young adults showed significantly larger postural sway, especially in cognitive postural task conditions. With respect to EEG frequencies, young compared to old participants showed significantly lower alpha band activity in cognitive cognitive postural triple task conditions compared with cognitive postural dual tasks. In addition, with increasing task difficulty, we observed synchronized theta and delta frequencies, irrespective of age. Task dependent alterations of the alpha frequency band were most pronounced over frontal and central ROIs, while alterations of the theta and delta frequency bands were found in frontal, central, and posterior ROIs. Theta and delta synchronization exhibited a decrease from anterior to posterior regions. For old adults, task difficulty was reflected by theta synchronization in the posterior ROI. For young adults, it was reflected by alpha desynchronization in bilateral anterior ROIs. In addition, we could not identify any effects of task difficulty and age on the beta frequency band. Our results shed light on age related cognitive and postural declines and how they interact. Modulated alpha frequencies during high cognitive postural task demands in young but not old adults might be reflective of a constrained neural adaptive potential in old adults. Future studies are needed to elucidate associations between the identified age related performance decrements with task difficulty and changes in brain activity.
Chinese Relation Extraction with Multi Grained Information and External Linguistic Knowledge
Venue: ACL
Year: 2019

Chinese relation extraction is conducted using neural networks with either character based or word based inputs, and most existing methods typically suffer from segmentation errors and ambiguity of polysemy. To address the issues, we propose a multi grained lattice framework (MG lattice) for Chinese relation extraction to take advantage of multi grained language information and external linguistic knowledge. In this framework, (1) we incorporate word level information into character sequence inputs so that segmentation errors can be avoided. (2) We also model multiple senses of polysemous words with the help of external linguistic knowledge, so as to alleviate polysemy ambiguity. Experiments on three real world datasets in distinct domains show consistent and significant superiority and robustness of our model, as compared with other baselines. We will release the source code of this paper in the future.
Nanoindentation into a high entropy alloy An atomistic study
Venue: Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Year: 2019

The plastic response of a high entropy alloy is explored by means of simulated nanoindentation tests. We compare nanoindentation into the Cantor alloy an equi atomic CoCrFeMnNi fcc solid solution with that into an elemental Ni fcc single crystal. Using molecular dynamics simulation, strong differences in the plastic behavior are identified. While the total length of the dislocation network in the Cantor alloy is higher than in Ni, the size of the plastic zone is considerably restricted. Dislocations are more localized in the Cantor alloy, both during indentation, but also during retraction of the indenter; emission of prismatic loops is absent in the Cantor alloy. Besides dislocation mediated plasticity, considerable twinning occurs. No amorphization could be observed. These simulation results are in good qualitative agreement with our current knowledge of plasticity in high entropy alloys.
Membrane TNF alpha activated programmed necrosis is mediated by Ceramide induced reactive oxygen species
Venue: Journal of molecular signaling
Year: 2013

Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. While tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a) has been identified as an activator of programmed necrosis, the specific context under which this can happen is unclear. Recently we reported that TNF a can be expressed by human tumor cells as both a membrane tethered (mTNF a) and a soluble (sTNF a) form. Whereas low level, tumor derived sTNF a acts as a tumor promoter, tumor cell expression of mTNF a significantly delays tumor growth in mice, in large part by induction of programmed necrosis of tumor associated myeloid cells. In this study we sought to determine the molecular mechanism involved in mTNF a oxidative stress induced cell death by evaluating the known pathways involved in TNF receptor induced programmed necrosis.  The source of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in mTNF a treated cells was determined by coculturing RAW 264.7 monocytic and L929 fibroblasts cells with fixed B16F10 control or mTNF a expressing melanoma cells in the presence of inhibitors of NADPH and mitochondria ROS. To identify the down stream effector of TNF a receptors (TNFR) level of phospho RIP 1 and ceramide activity were evaluated. To determine whether mTNF mediated cell death was dependent on a specific TNFR, cell death was measured in primary CD11b myeloid cells isolated from wild type or TNFR 1, TNFR 2, TNFR 1 and TNFR 2 double knockout mice, cocultured with various TNF a isoform.  Tumor derived mTNF a increased ROS mediated cytotoxicity, independent of caspase 3 activity. Although TNFR on target cells were required for this effect, we observed that mTNF induced cell death could be mediated through both TNFR 1 and the death domain lacking TNFR 2. ROS generation and cytotoxicity were inhibited by a mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor but not by an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. mTNF a mediated cytotoxicity was independent of RIP 1, a serine/threonine kinase that serves as a main adaptor protein of sTNF a induced programmed necrosis. Instead, mTNF a induced ROS and cell death was prohibited by the ceramide activated protein kinase (CAPK) inhibitor.  These findings demonstrate that the mTNF a isoform is an effective inducer of programmed necrosis through a caspase independent, ceramide related pathway. Interestingly, unlike sTNFa, mTNF induced programmed necrosis is not dependent on the presence of TNFR1.
Design of Secure User Authenticated Key Management Protocol for Generic IoT Networks
Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Year: 2018

In recent years, the research in generic Internet of Things (IoT) attracts a lot of practical applications including smart home, smart city, smart grid, industrial Internet, connected healthcare, smart retail, smart supply chain and smart farming. The hierarchical IoT network (HIoTN) is a special kind of the generic IoT network, which is composed of the different nodes, such as the gateway node, cluster head nodes, and sensing nodes organized in a hierarchy. In HIoTN, there is a need, where a user can directly access the real time data from the sensing nodes for a particular application in generic IoT networking environment. This paper emphasizes on the design of a new secure lightweight three factor remote user authentication scheme for HIoTNs, called the user authenticated key management protocol (UAKMP) The three factors used in UAKMP are the user smart card, password, and personal biometrics. The security of the scheme is thoroughly analyzed under the formal security in the widely accepted real or random model, the informal security as well as the formal security verification using the widely accepted automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool. UAKMP offers several functionality features including offline sensing node registration, freely password and biometric update facility, user anonymity, and sensing node anonymity compared to other related existing schemes. In addition, UAKMP is also comparable in computation and communication costs as compared to other existing schemes.
Research progress on methane production from natural gas hydrates
Year: 2015

Due to the consumption of fossil fuels, an alternative energy source is necessary for the world's continuous development. Methane hydrates, a vast energy resource that exists in deep ocean or permafrost sediments containing approximately 10 000 Gt of carbon, are a potential energy source for the future. However, economically and safely producing methane from gas hydrate deposits is still not on the drawing board. The main reasons include (1) low methane production efficiency, (2) low methane production, (3) poor production sustainability. Thus, it is pressing to develop methane production technology and/or approaches to improve methane production efficiency. In this paper, we comprehensively review the research on methane production from gas hydrates, including the research on the characteristics of gas hydrate reservoirs, production methods, numerical simulations and field production tests. The different investigations are analyzed and relevant comments and suggestions are proposed accordingly.
Rice Bran: A Food Ingredient with Global Public Health Opportunities
Year: 2014

Rice is a critical staple food crop for achieving global food security and influencing human health. Various initiatives have focused on rice to decrease hunger and malnutrition, since rice feeds most of the world's poor population. Rice bran, derived from whole grain rice, is currently an under utilized food ingredient that presents a tremendous opportunity for dietary inclusion. Emerging evidence indicates that bioactive components found in rice bran have disease fighting properties related to both infectious and chronic diseases. The addition of rice bran as a food ingredient into culturally acceptable, nutritious foods has health promoting significance across the lifespan, ranging from complementary foods to widely consumed food products. This chapter addresses the challenges and opportunities for widespread rice bran consumption, and highlights how rice varietal differences in bioactive components merit investigation for health properties. Moreover, public health nutrition education for rice bran will be an important next step for the sustainable development of region specific dietary intake.
BOUNDARY PROBLEM SOLUTION FOR EIGENMODES IN COAXIAL QUAD RIDGED WAVEGUIDES
Year: 2014

The boundary problem for eigenmodes in coaxial quad ridged waveguides has been solved by the transvers e fi ld matching technique. The formulas obtained provide possibilities o calculate cutoff wave numbers and electric and m agnetic fields distributions of TEM, TE and TM modes in the presence of the ridg es either on the inner or on the outer perfectly co nducting cylinder. The analysis of the dependences of cutoff wave numbers and electric field distributions convergences on th e number of partial modes has been carried out. It has been shown that for ca lculation of cutoff wave numbers with residual erro r less than 0.1 it is enough to utilize 27 partial modes, and for the correct ca lcul tion of fields distributions one should utiliz e more than 30 partial modes.
EVALUATION OF INTER RADICULAR SPACES AND CORTICAL BONE THICKNESS AT COMMON ORTHODONTIC MINI SCREW IMPLANT PLACEMENT SITES USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Year: 2018

Miniscrews have been extensively used in orthodontics in the last few years for obtaining absolute orthodontic skeletal anchorage. Many studies have been found in literature addressing the subject. However, there is still no consensus in these studies about the factors that influence the success of miniscrew implants. The aim of this article is to provide an anatomical map for safe placement of miniscrews in maxilla and mandible and palatal region, based on dimensional mapping of the interradicular spaces and cortical bone thickness. CBCT images of 47 pre treatment Kashmiri orthodontic patients were examined. Measurements were made from the distal aspect of the lateral incisor to the mesial aspect of the second molar of maxilla and mandible, at 2, 5, 8, and 11 mm heights from the alveolar crest in each inter radicular area. Palatal bone thickness was measured at 4, 8, 16 and 24 mm from the incisive foramen at the suture and at 3 and 6 mm paramedian to the suture. In the maxilla, the greatest mesiodistal distance was between second premolar and first molar at 11 mm height. The greatest buccolingual alveolar process width and buccal cortical bone thickness were between first and second molar at 11 mm height. The greatest palatal bone thickness was at 4 mm posterior to incisive foramen and 6 mm lateral to the suture. In the mandible, the greatest mesiodistal distance and buccal cortical thickness was between first and second molar at 11 mm height. The greatest buccolingual alveolar process width was between first and second molar at 8 mm height. In the maxilla, the safe and suitable site for placing miniscrew implant was between the second premolar and first molar. In the mandible, the safe and suitable sites are the inter radicular areas between first and second molar.
Channel Level Variable Quantization Network for Deep Image Compression
Venue: IJCAI
Year: 2020

Deep image compression systems mainly contain four components: encoder, quantizer, entropy model, and decoder. To optimize these four components, a joint rate distortion framework was proposed, and many deep neural network based methods achieved great success in image compression. However, almost all convolutional neural network based methods treat channel wise feature maps equally, reducing the flexibility in handling different types of information. In this paper, we propose a channel level variable quantization network to dynamically allocate more bitrates for significant channels and withdraw bitrates for negligible channels. Specifically, we propose a variable quantization controller. It consists of two key components: the channel importance module, which can dynamically learn the importance of channels during training, and the splitting merging module, which can allocate different bitrates for different channels. We also formulate the quantizer into a Gaussian mixture model manner. Quantitative and qualitative experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance and can produce much better visual reconstructions.
How has Covid 19 affected mental health nurses and the delivery of mental health nursing care in the UK? Results of a mixed methods study
Venue: medRxiv
Year: 2020

While evidence has emerged concerning the impact of Covid 19 on the general population and the challenges facing health services, much less is known regarding how the pandemic has directly affected the delivery of mental health nursing care.  This paper aims to explore how Covid 19 has affected the ability of mental health nurses to deliver care in community and inpatient mental health services in the UK.  We investigated staff reports regarding the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on mental healthcare and mental health service users in the UK, using a mixed methods online survey. A total of 897 nurses across a range of inpatient and community settings participated.  Key themes within the data explore: new ways of working; remote working; risks of infection/infection control challenges; and the impact on service users. Targeted guidelines are required to support mental health nurses providing care and support during a pandemic to people in severe mental distress, often in unsuitable environments.  Service developments need to occur alongside tailored guidance and support for staff welfare supported by clear leadership. These findings identify areas requiring attention and investment to prepare for future crises and the consequences of the pandemic.
Pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in East Africa: A Multi country Analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2021

According to the 2017 estimate, around 214 million reproductive age women in developing regions who want to avoid pregnancy do not use a modern contraceptive method. Although there are studies done on factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization in individual East African countries, as to our search of the literature, there is limited evidence on the pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in the East African region. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in the East African region.  The pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and the strength of determinants were estimated using STATA version 14. Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Median Odds Ratio (MOR) Proportional Change in Variance (PCV) and deviance were used for model fitness and comparison. The multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of modern contraceptive use in the region. Adjusted Odds Ratio with its 95% Confidence Interval was presented, and variables with a p value =of 0.05 were declared significant determinants of modern contraceptive utilization.  Overall, about 20.68% (95%CI: 20.46.,20.91)of women used modern contraceptive, ranging from 9.08% in Mozambique to 61.49% in Comoros. In the multilevel logistic regression model; maternal age group 25 34 (AOR: 0.79, 95%CI:0.76,0.82) and 35 49 (AOR:0.49, 95%CI:0.46,0.51) Being married (AOR:0.85, 95%CI:0.82,0.88) mothers with primary education (AOR:1.48, 95%CI:1.43,1.54) and secondary and above education level (AOR:1.60, 95%CI:1.52,1.69) husbands with primary education (AOR:2.43, 95%CI:2.35,2.51) and secondary and above education level (AOR:2.92, 95%CI:2.76,3.05) The mothers who had occupation (AOR:2.11, 95%CI:1.23,1.33) mothers from households with middle wealth index (AOR:1.23, 95%CI:1.19,1.28) and rich wealth index (AOR:1.28, 95%CI:1.23,1.33) were found to be significant determinants of modern contraceptive use.  We found that modern contraceptive utilization in the 12 East Africa countries was low compared to SDG target 2030(75% The governmental and non governmental organizations should scale up their public health programs to the poor and marginalized communities to scale up modern contraceptive utilization uptake in the region. In addition, reforming the health system and reproductive health education through mass media to create awareness of modern contraceptive use benefits are effective strategies to improve modern contraceptive use among East Africa women.
Colossal dielectric response and relaxation properties in Co2Z type hexaferrites
Year: 2017

Polycrystalline samples of Sr 3 Co 2 Fe 24 O 41 and Ba 3 Co 2 Fe 24 O 41 have been prepared by a sol gel method. The XRD data indicate that the samples are Co 2 Z type hexaferrites with the centrosymmetric space group of P6 3 /mmc The SEM micrographs suggest that mixture plate like grains are formed and Sr 3 Co 2 Fe 24 O 41 shows more dense grain structure. High temperature dielectric relaxation behaviors are studied in a wide range of frequency and temperature through dielectric and impedance spectroscopies analysis. Colossal dielectric permittivity is observed at low frequency and dielectric relaxation behavior is clearly seen at high temperatures. Two types of relaxations are observed in Sr 3 Co 2 Fe 24 O 41 and it is attributed to the thermally activated model which follows the Arrhenius law. The X ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ coexist in the system and the dielectric relaxations originate from the carriers hopping between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ Moreover, the high concentration of Fe 2+ in Ba 3 Co 2 Fe 24 O 41 causes the high dielectric permittivity at low frequency range and the relatively low conductivity at high temperature.
Sonochemical synthesis of HKUST 1 based CuO decorated with Pt nanoparticles for formaldehyde gas sensor applications
Venue: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
Year: 2019

This paper proposes a facile and simple method to synthesize composites of copper(II) oxide (CuO) and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) without altering the original morphology of CuO. The porous CuO derived from metal organic frameworks of copper benzene 1,3,5 tricarboxylate (HKUST 1, Basolite(r) C 300) was decorated with Pt NPs of 1 2 nm diameters through a sonochemical synthetic route, and the gas sensing properties of the CuO decorated with Pt NPs were investigated. Compared to CuO based gas sensors, gas sensors based on CuO decorated with 0.06 wt% Pt NPs showed lower optimal operating temperature and advanced gas response over 82% in detecting formaldehyde gas from 100 1500 ppb at 225 degC. Here, the Pt NPs decorated CuO gas sensors showed improved sensing performances to formaldehyde (2.64 at 100 ppb at the operating temperature of 225 degC) and the proposed method could be expandable to the decoration of other noble metals, such as palladium (Pd) and gold (Au) Thus, this method would be very useful for the formation of sensor arrays in a simple and facile manner, for various applications of statistic pattern analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA) neural network or machine learning.