nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Special Collection: Magnetism in the Geosciences Advances and Perspectives
Year: 2019

Magnetic property research in the geosciences has seen an enormous development during the most recent decade. The underlying special collection published in two AGU journals:  2017 and reflects this full breadth. We recognize four groups in which individual contributions are gathered. (1) Recent advances in fundamental rock and mineral magnetic methods, including discussions on how to assess magnetic grain size, which is centrally important to magnetic stability over geologic timescales and high fidelity paleomagnetic recording. (2) Geomagnetism with an emphasis on late Pleistocene paleosecular variation and relative paleointensity records, relevant to geomagnetic field models. (3) Reassessments of classic paleomagnetic field tests and examples of tectonic and magnetostratigraphic applications. (4) The merit of magnetic property analysis in solving geoscience problems, both in soft and hard rocks.
Representation free description of light pulse atom interferometry including non inertial effects
Year: 2015

Light pulse atom interferometers rely on the wave nature of matter and its manipulation with coherent laser pulses. They are used for precise gravimetry and inertial sensing as well as for accurate measurements of fundamental constants. Reaching higher precision requires longer interferometer times which are naturally encountered in microgravity environments such as drop tower facilities, sounding rockets and dedicated satellite missions aiming at fundamental quantum physics in space. In all those cases, it is necessary to consider arbitrary trajectories and varying orientations of the interferometer set up in non inertial frames of reference. Here we provide a versatile representation free description of atom interferometry entirely based on operator algebra to address this general situation. We show how to analytically determine the phase shift as well as the visibility of interferometers with an arbitrary number of pulses including the effects of local gravitational accelerations, gravity gradients, the rotation of the lasers and non inertial frames of reference. Our method conveniently unifies previous results and facilitates the investigation of novel interferometer geometries.
Funds Sharing Regulation in the Context of the Sharing Economy: Understanding the Logic of China's P2P Lending Regulation
Year: 2019

"Sharing economy" is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide range of digital platform based activities that includes P2P lending and other forms of internet based lending. The core aim of the sharing economy is to leverage the utilization of idle capacity. P2P lending can not only be used to leverage small amounts of money on the lender's side, but also be used to promote financial democracy and inclusion both on the lender and borrower's sides. P2P lending regulation, therefore, should place an emphasis on the utilization of dead money and promotion of financial democracy. This article scrutinizes the regulation of P2P lending in China. The existing regulatory system for P2P lending in China is built upon rules and regulations that have been designed solely with traditional brokers in mind. The article contends that the rigid rules placed on lending platforms limited their ability to maintain their roles as brokers and, in turn, heavily endangered the commercial sustainability of P2P platforms, thereby harming the sharing economy's openness and inclusivity. Additionally, the article argues that the fact that there is no limit on the amount a lender can invest poses a threat to the notions of leveraging idle money and financial inclusivity. The closed ended P2P lending regime in China would cause some chilling effects to financial innovation in the P2P lending industry, and in a wider sense, the rising FinTech sector. Regulators in China need to cope with these challenges in a flexible but pragmatic manner, and particularly make use of the benefits the sharing economy may bring to the Chinese economy more broadly.
Medical devices and artificial intelligence
Year: 2020

There is near infinite potential for artificial intelligence (AI) in medical devices, with almost all current technologies having the potential for improvement using AI. We discuss here some examples of how it is already being used and we have divided these into physical hardware devices and software or virtual devices, in part because they are different and also because the regulatory requirements vary for different medical devices. These devices have in turn been divided into community and specialist center (such as hospital) uses to provide context. The increasing use of medical devices has led to the need for new regulations in both Europe and worldwide and these too are discussed.
Association of norepinephrine transporter methylation with in vivo NET expression and hyperactivity impulsivity symptoms in ADHD measured with PET
Venue: Molecular Psychiatry
Year: 2019

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a robust genetic influence. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is of particular interest as it is one of the main targets in treatment of the disorder. As ADHD is a complex and polygenetic condition, the possible regulation by epigenetic processes has received increased attention. We sought to determine possible differences in NET promoter DNA methylation between patients with ADHD and healthy controls. DNA methylation levels in the promoter region of the NET were determined in 23 adult patients with ADHD and 23 healthy controls. A subgroup of 18 patients with ADHD and 18 healthy controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with the radioligand (S,S) 18 F]FMeNER D 2 to quantify the NET in several brain areas in vivo. Analyses revealed significant differences in NET methylation levels at several cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) sites between groups. A defined segment of the NET promoter "region 1" was hypermethylated in patients in comparison with controls. In ADHD patients, a negative correlation between methylation of a CpG site in this region and NET distribution in the thalamus, locus coeruleus, and the raphe nuclei was detected. Furthermore, methylation of several sites in region 1 was negatively associated with the severity of hyperactivity impulsivity symptoms. Our results point to an epigenetic dysregulation in ADHD, possibly due to a compensatory mechanisms or additional factors involved in transcriptional processing.
URGENSI KEBIJAKAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN FINTECH PEER TO PEER LENDING AKIBAT PENYEBARAN COVID 19
Year: 2020

Penyebaran Covid 19 mengakibatkan masyarakat yang memiliki pinjaman di lembaga pemberi pinjaman, kesulitan membayar angsurannya. Pemerintah merespon hal tersebut dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan stimulus perekonomian nasional, namun kebijakan tersebut tidak men cover konsumen Fintech Peer to Peer Lending, hal ini menimbulkan kekosongan hukum, karena konsumen Fintech Peer to Peer Lending tidak memiliki perlindungan hukum akibat penyebaran Covid 19 Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana dampak penyebaran Covid 19 terhadap konsumen Fintech dan bagaimana urgensi kebijakan perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen Fintech akibat penyebaran Covid 19 Permasalahan ini akan dibahas dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, menggunakan data sekunder, yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer yaitu peraturan OJK tentang pencegahan Covid 19 dan literatur terkait, dianalisis secara deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan konsumen Fintech Peer to Peer Lending terkena dampak penyebaran Covid 19 sehingga perlu mendapatkan perlindungan hukum, berupa stimulus yang diberikan kepada penerima dan pemberi pinjaman Fintech Peer to Peer Lending
Audio object individual operation and its application to earphone leakage noise reduction
Venue: 2010 4th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP)
Year: 2010

In this paper, we propose a new extension framework of multichannel audio coding based on temporal quantization of spatial information. In our previous study, multiple audio object signal can be encoded/decoded via prototypes of directional clustering for each audio object. This paper, first, pays attention to the fact that quantized information corresponds to the spatial image of each sound object, and is easily modified and operated by the end users. Next, as a novel application of the spatial image operation, we propose a new earphone leakage noise reduction method in which the mostly leaked sound object can be detected automatically based on the higher order statistics, and eliminated. The effectiveness of the proposed CODEC is verified in the subjective evaluation, and leakage noise reduction method is assessed in the objective evaluation.
Artful Humanizing Conversations
Venue: The Oxford Handbook of Improvisation in Dance
Year: 2019

This chapter focuses on improvisation in early years dance. It arises from the practice and research interests of the chapter's two authors. It articulates the dynamics of this practice, drawing on practitioner, researcher, and parent reflections to develop three themes: knowing yourself in your body, dialogues with children, and making and being made. The authors express and illustrate the creative, social, and personal value of dance experiences at an early age. They debate the questions and challenges which ensue from an improvisational approach to this practice and give readers a taste of the newness and joy of improvisation in this context.
AssemblyNet: A Novel Deep Decision Making Process for Whole Brain MRI Segmentation
Venue: MICCAI
Year: 2019

Whole brain segmentation using deep learning (DL) is a very challenging task since the number of anatomical labels is very high compared to the number of available training images. To address this problem, previous DL methods proposed to use a global convolution neural network (CNN) or few independent CNNs. In this paper, we present a novel ensemble method based on a large number of CNNs processing different overlapping brain areas. Inspired by parliamentary decision making systems, we propose a framework called AssemblyNet, made of two "assemblies" of U Nets. Such a parliamentary system is capable of dealing with complex decisions and reaching a consensus quickly. AssemblyNet introduces sharing of knowledge among neighboring U Nets, an "amendment" procedure made by the second assembly at higher resolution to refine the decision taken by the first one, and a final decision obtained by majority voting. When using the same 45 training images, AssemblyNet outperforms global U Net by 28% in terms of the Dice metric, patch based joint label fusion by 15% and SLANT 27 by 10% Finally, AssemblyNet demonstrates high capacity to deal with limited training data to achieve whole brain segmentation in practical training and testing times.
A novel nanohybrid for cancer theranostics: folate sensitized Fe2O3 nanoparticles for colorectal cancer diagnosis and photodynamic therapy.
Venue: Journal of materials chemistry. B
Year: 2017

Organic inorganic nanohybrids are becoming popular for their potential biological applications, including diagnosis and treatment of cancerous cells. The motive of this study is to synthesise a nanohybrid for the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. Here we have developed a facile and cost effective synthesis of folic acid (FA) templated Fe2O3 nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability in water using a hydrothermal method for the theranostics applications. The attachment of FA to Fe2O3 was confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques including FTIR and picosecond resolved fluorescence studies. The nanohybrid (FA Fe2O3) is a combination of two nontoxic ingredients FA and Fe2O3, showing remarkable photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) activity in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116) via generation of intracellular ROS. The light induced enhanced ROS activity of the nanohybrid causes significant nuclear DNA damage, as confirmed from the comet assay. Assessment of p53, Bax, Bcl2, cytochrome c (cyt c) protein expression and caspase 9/3 activity provides vivid evidence for cell death via an apoptotic pathway. In vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments in folate receptor (FR) overexpressed cancer cells (HCT 116) and FR deficient human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) reveal the target specificity of the nanohybrid towards cancer cells, and are thus pronounced MRI contrasting agents for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Is there any harm in administering extra doses of vaccine to a person? Excess doses of vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) 2007 2017.
Venue: Vaccine
Year: 2019

The administration of an extra dose of a vaccine may occur due to a programmatic error (e.g. vaccination error) when there is need to provide one of the antigens of a combination vaccine not readily available as a single antigen, or when there is need to provide immunization in a person with uncertain vaccination histories (e.g. refugees) There is little data available on the safety of an extra dose of vaccine.  To assess for the presence of adverse events (AEs) most commonly reported following the administration of excess doses of vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) METHODS We searched VAERS for US reports where an excess dose of vaccine was administered to a person received from 1/1/2007 through 1/26/2018. We reviewed medical records for all serious reports and a random sample of non serious reports. The most common AEs among reports of excess dose of vaccine administered were compared with the corresponding AEs for all vaccines reported to VAERS during the same period.  Out of 366,815 total VAERS reports received, 5067 (1.4% reported an excess dose of vaccine was administered; 3898 (76.9% did not describe an adverse health event (AHE) The most common vaccines reported were trivalent inactivated influenza (15.4% varicella (13.9% hepatitis A (11.4% and measles, mumps, rubella, varicella (11.1% Among reports where only AHEs were reported, the most common were pyrexia (12.8% injection site erythema (9.7% injection site pain (8.9% and headache (6.6% The percentage of AHEs among these reports was comparable to all reports submitted to VAERS during the same study period.  More than three fourths of reports of an excess dose of vaccine did not describe an AHE. Among reports where an AHE event was reported, we did not observe any unexpected conditions or clustering of AEs.
Tunable Antenna Coupled Intersubband Terahertz (TACIT) Mixers: The Quantum Limit Without the Quantum Liquid.
Year: 2019

At present, nearly quantum limited heterodyne receivers for Terahertz (THz) frequencies require cooling to temperatures below 4K. We are working to build semiconductor based "tunable antenna coupled intersubband terahertz" (TACIT) heterodyne mixers for 1 5 THz. We predict that they can achieve single sideband noise temperatures of a few hundred K with intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth >10 GHz, while operating at lattice temperatures >20 K and requiring local oscillator (LO) power 1 \mu$W.
CityLab reflections and evolutions: nurturing knowledge and learning for urban sustainability through co production experimentation
Venue: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
Year: 2019

Applied research has evolved to play an important role in understanding and reorienting relationships between different knowledge partnerships in urban sustainability. This paper reflects on experiences from the global South on knowledge co production experiments through 'CityLabs' which are forums for bringing together different knowledge brokers (particularly government and academia) to co produce policy relevant urban knowledge. Each CityLab experimented with different configurations to generate knowledge relevant for addressing urban sustainability challenges. This paper reflects on these experiences and identifies emerging common principles. These include: deliberate formulation of safe spaces, in which to engage, willingness for flexibility around the direction, focus and outputs, and carefully fostering trust and mutual understanding among participants. Urban experimentation, and CityLabs in particular, provide real opportunities for facilitating learning, reframing issues and shifting practices around urban sustainability between government and the academy.
Publicly Available Online Tool Facilitates Real Time Monitoring Of Vaccine Conversations And Sentiments.
Venue: Health affairs
Year: 2016

Real time monitoring of mainstream and social media can inform public health practitioners and policy makers about vaccine sentiment and hesitancy. We describe a publicly available platform for monitoring vaccination related content, called the Vaccine Sentimeter. With automated data collection from 100,000 mainstream media sources and Twitter, natural language processing for automated filtering, and manual curation to ensure accuracy, the Vaccine Sentimeter offers a global real time view of vaccination conversations online. To assess the system's utility, we followed two events: polio vaccination in Pakistan after a news story about a Central Intelligence Agency vaccination ruse and subsequent attacks on health care workers, and a controversial episode in a television program about adverse events following human papillomavirus vaccination. For both events, increased online activity was detected and characterized. For the first event, Twitter response to the attacks on health care workers decreased drastically after the first attack, in contrast to mainstream media coverage. For the second event, the mainstream and social media response was largely positive about the HPV vaccine, but antivaccine conversations persisted longer than the provaccine reaction. Using the Vaccine Sentimeter could enable public health professionals to detect increased online activity or sudden shifts in sentiment that could affect vaccination uptake.
Drag reduction in turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces
Year: 2009

In this paper, we demonstrate that periodic, micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces, previously noted for their ability to provide laminar flow drag reduction, are capable of reducing drag in the turbulent flow regime. Superhydrophobic surfaces contain micro or nanoscale hydrophobic features which can support a shear free air water interface between peaks in the surface topology. Particle image velocimetry and pressure drop measurements were used to observe significant slip velocities, shear stress, and pressure drop reductions corresponding to drag reductions approaching 50% At a given Reynolds number, drag reduction is found to increase with increasing feature size and spacing, as in laminar flows. No observable drag reduction was noted in the laminar regime, consistent with previous experimental results for the channel geometry considered. The onset of drag reduction occurs at a critical Reynolds number where the viscous sublayer thickness approaches the scale of the superhydrophobic microfeatures
National Cybersecurity Strategy Framework1
Year: 2019

Cyberspace and its services and the digital based processes affect all segments of our lives. These effects are felt in the economy, politics, culture, but also in individual elements of our private life and in people's relationships, as well. Accordingly, one of the biggest challenges for cyber security is that we highly depend on these services. Most of the countries have realised that today cyber security is one of the essential parts of their national security. Its reason is twofold. Firstly, the digital ecosystem is vital for a nation and this ecosystem cannot work properly without cyber security, secondly there is no alternatives to avoid the aforementioned dependence. As a result, cyberspace and its security are of decisive importance to countries with advanced information infrastructures. However, national cyber security strategies, whether they are made by big powers or small countries, have different answers to the challenges of cyberspace. At first, this paper focuses on these challenges and then tries to identify some unified elements which could be the main pillars of an effective national cyber security strategy.
On line PMU based transmission line parameter identification
Year: 2015

China Southern Power Grid Company (CSG) recently developed and implemented an online PMU based transmission line (TL) parameter identification system (TPIS) Traditionally, TL parameters are calculated based on transmission tower geometries, conductor dimension, estimates of line length, conductor sags, etc. These parameters only approximate the effect of conductor sag and ignore the dependence of impedance parameters on temperature variation. Recent development in PMU technology has made it possible to calculate TL parameters accurately. The challenges are that such an application requires highly accurate PMU data while the accuracy of PMU measurements under different working/system conditions can be uncertain. With a large number of PMUs widely installed in its system, CSG plans to improve and update the EMS database using the newly developed TPIS. TPIS provides an innovative yet practical problem formulation and solution for TL parameter identification. In addition, it proposes a new metric that can be used to determine the credibility of the calculated parameters, which is missing in the literature. This paper discusses the methodologies, challenges, as well as implementation issues noticed during the development of TPIS.
Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID 19
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine
Year: 2020

In the face of the continually worsening COVID 19 pandemic, jails and prisons have become the greatest vectors of community transmission and are a point of heightened crisis and fear within the global crisis. Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID 19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. This has resulted in advocates denouncing the use of any form of isolation and attorneys litigating to end its use. It is essential to clarify the critical differences between punitive solitary confinement and the ethical use of medical isolation and quarantine during a pandemic. By doing so, then all those invested in stopping the spread of COVID 19 in prisons can work together to integrate medically sound, humane forms of medical isolation and quarantine that follow community standards of care rather than punitive forms of solitary confinement to manage COVID 19.