nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girls' Childhood
Year: 2017

Children occupy a unique position in our public systems. Once treated as miniature adults, our perception of young people's innocence and ongoing development has led, over time, to granting children leniency when determining the consequences of their behavior. The special legal status bestowed on youth, in particular, is based on a well established understanding of children's social and psychological development that they should be held less responsible and culpable for their actions, and that they are capable, through the ongoing developmental process, of rehabilitation. These foundational legal and moral principles protect children from criminalization and extend safeguards that shield them from the harsh penalties levied on adults. To date, limited quantitative research has assessed the existence of adultification for Black girls that is, the extent to which race and gender, taken together, influence our perception of Black girls as less innocent and more adult like than their white peers. This groundbreaking study provides for the first time data showing that adults view Black girls as less innocent and more adult like than their white peers, especially in the age range of 5 14. In light of proven disparities in school discipline, we suggest that the perception of Black girls as less innocent may contribute to harsher punishment by educators and school resource officers. Furthermore, the view that Black girls need less nurturing, protection, and support and are more independent may translate into fewer leadership and mentorship opportunities in schools. Given established discrepancies in law enforcement and juvenile court practices that disproportionately affect Black girls, the perception of Black girls as less innocent and more adult like may contribute to more punitive exercise of discretion by those in positions of authority, greater use of force, and harsher penalties.
Sentiment Analysis of Posts and Comments in the Accounts of Russian Politicians on the Social Network
Venue: 2019 25th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)
Year: 2019

Russian politicians are increasingly using social networks publishing a lot of texts. One of the important issues in the context of the analysis of political online communication is the choice of negative and positive topics in publications as well as the reaction of the audience. In order to analyze the main patterns of this process we have collected the data from the social network Vkontakte. Our sample covers the period from 1 January, 2017 to 25 April, 2019, in total 46293 posts and 2197063 comments in 23 politician's accounts. To build the classifier we used two text corpora: Rubtsova's corpus and RuSentiment corpus. The algorithm of sentiment analysis was implemented on the basis of bidirectional recurrent neural network. Using Rubtsova's corpus we provided the accuracy of 91% and using RuSentiment we provided the accuracy of 84% (accuracy is calculated as the proportion of correctly identified cases from the test sample) We found that the markup of data significantly differs when different corpora were used. The most adequate results in the analysis of posts and comments, in our opinion, are obtained by using an ensemble of models based on the both corpora. As a result of classification, we identified a number of patterns. Thus, the number of likes and views of posts is higher for the posts classified as positive, and the number of reposts is higher for the posts classified as negative. We also found that the number of comments is higher for the posts with a negative sentiment, and the average sentiment of comments on positive posts is more positive than the average sentiment of comments on negative posts.
Association between a common immunoglobulin heavy chain allele and rheumatic heart disease risk in Oceania
Venue: Nature communications
Year: 2017

The indigenous populations of the South Pacific experience a high burden of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) Here we report a genome wide association study (GWAS) of RHD susceptibility in 2,852 individuals recruited in eight Oceanian countries. Stratifying by ancestry, we analysed genotyped and imputed variants in Melanesians (607 cases and 1,229 controls) before follow up of suggestive loci in three further ancestral groups: Polynesians, South Asians and Mixed or other populations (totalling 399 cases and 617 controls) We identify a novel susceptibility signal in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus centring on a haplotype of nonsynonymous variants in the IGHV4 61 gene segment corresponding to the IGHV4 61*02 allele. We show each copy of IGHV4 61*02 is associated with a 1.4 fold increase in the risk of RHD (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence intervals 1.27 1.61, P=4.1 x 10 9) These findings provide new insight into the role of germline variation in the IGH locus in disease susceptibility.
A Job Analysis of Major College Female Strength and Conditioning Coaches
Venue: Journal of strength and conditioning research
Year: 2013

Massey, CD and Vincent, J. A job analysis of major college female strength and conditioning coaches.  This investigation consisted of a job analysis of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female strength and conditioning coaches. Each coach was employed at universities competing within the Football Bowl Subdivision. All subjects in the survey were responsible for providing strength and conditioning services to their institution's athletic programs. The procedures used for the gathering of data involved a questionnaire followed by a semi structured interview. The purpose of this format was to use the semi structured interview to delve more deeply into the issues raised by the questionnaire. Evidence was obtained related to demographic data; major job duties; relationships with supervisors, fellow strength coaches, and the sport coaches with whom they work; and the effects the job has on their spouse and other family members. All the participants in the study were white with an average age of 31.6 years. Their average time spent in the profession was 8 years, and the average time spent in their current employment was 5 years. Overall, the job satisfaction for the group was high. Five of the subjects held master's degrees, and all participants held relevant certifications in the field. The coaches primarily provided services to athletes participating in women's sports at their respective universities.
Isolation and characterization of abundantly expressed cDNAs from the Harderian gland of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis: Colubridae)
Venue: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular integrative physiology
Year: 2019

The Harderian gland (HG) is an orbital structure whose proteinaceous secretions pass through the nasolacrimal duct to the vomeronasal organ (VNO) Though these three structures occur in many tetrapod vertebrates, the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is one of the few vertebrates in which the passage of the proteinaceous secretions have been experimentally shown. Secreted proteins from the HG may function as transporters for chemical signals to the VNO epithelium. To investigate the proteins being produced by the HG of the garter snake, cDNA libraries were constructed from HG mRNA, and several individual cDNAs were analyzed by sequencing, RT qPCR, and PCR on genomic DNA. Two of the three cDNAs that were characterized are abundantly expressed only in the Harderian gland and contain putative signal sequences for secretion, which makes them candidates for transporter proteins secreted from the HG. One is a member of the large lipocalin family of proteins, based on its similarity to other members of that protein family. Many lipocalins are binding/carrier proteins for a variety of ligands. The other is a family of proteins, with five members identified so far, all of unknown structure and function and present in the garter snake genome but not in other squamate genomes.
Prooxidant versus antioxidant brain action of ascorbic acid in well nourished and malnourished rats as a function of dose: A cortical spreading depression and malondialdehyde analysis
Venue: Neuropharmacology
Year: 2014

Although ascorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant, under certain conditions it can facilitate oxidation, which may underlie the opposite actions of AA on brain excitability in distinct seizure models. Here, we investigated whether chronic AA administration during brain development alters cortical excitability as a function of AA dose, as indexed by cortical spreading depression (CSD) and by the levels of lipid peroxidation induced malondialdehyde. Well nourished and early malnourished rats received per gavage 30, 60, or 120 mg/kg/d of AA, saline, or no gavage treatment (naive group) at postnatal days 7 28. CSD propagation and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed at 30 40 days. Confirming previous observations, CSD velocities were significantly higher in the early malnourished groups than in the well nourished groups. AA dose was important: 30 mg/kg/d AA decelerated CSD and reduced malondialdehyde levels, whereas 60 mg/kg/d and 120 mg/kg/d accelerated CSD and augmented malondialdehyde levels compared with the corresponding saline and naive groups. Our findings reinforce previous suggestion that AA acts as an antioxidant in the brain when administered at low doses, but as a prooxidant at high doses, as indicated by CSD propagation and malondialdehyde levels.
Guest editorial: a new dawn for qualitative service research
Year: 2020

The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of qualitative research in service research. This study discusses what qualitative research is, what role it has in service research and what interest, rigor, relevance and richness mean for qualitative service research.,This study examines the most common qualitative research methods and discusses interest, rigor, relevance and richness as key characteristics of qualitative research. The manuscripts in the special issue are introduced and categorized based on their contributions to service research.,The findings suggest that the amount of research using qualitative research methods has remained stable over the last 30 years. An increased focus on transparency and traceability is important for improving the perceived rigor of qualitative service research.,This special issue is the first issue that is explicitly devoted to the qualitative research methodology in service research. In particular, the issue seeks to contribute to a better use and application of qualitative research methodology.
Leoncaphthalide, a New Phthalide Derivative from the Roots of Leontopodium calocephalum
Venue: Chemistry of Natural Compounds
Year: 2017

The genus Leontopodium (Asteraceae) comprises about 58 species in the world, and more than 36 species, including 18 endemic species, are distributed in Northeast and Northwest China  The aerial parts of several Leontopodium plants are used as traditional Chinese medicine for the remedy of abdominal aches, diarrhea, bronchitis, tonsillitis, dysentery, fever, etc.  Previous phytochemical investigations of this genus revealed that its characteristic secondary metabotites are sesquiterpenes, especially those with the bisabolane skeleton [6 10] In addition, other kinds of compounds such as benzofuran [8] coumarins [9] flavones [11] and lignans are also found [11, 12] Leontopodium calocephalum is mainly distributed in Northwest China. Apart from a Chinese patent report that the ethanol extract of this plant and its active ingredient leontopodic acid can be used for treating hepatitis [13] there is no other research concerning the chemical constituents of this plant up to now. In our investigation of the root of L. calocephalum, three compounds were isolated. Compound 1 was established as a new phthalide derivative by HR ESI MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR and named leoncaphthalide. Compounds 2 and 3 were identified as 7 O methylplatypterophthalide  and 2 methoxyhelikrausi chalcone  respectively. As far as we know, this is the first report on phthalide derivatives identified from Leontopodium species. Leoncaphthalide (1) was isolated as a colorless gum. Its HR ESI MS spectrum displayed a quasimolecular ion peak at m/z 231.0652 [M H] which suggested the molecular formula C13H10O4, indicating nine degree of unsaturation. Its IR spectrum showed the absorption bands of hydroxy group (3516 cm 1) aromatic ring (1627, 1558 and 1472 cm 1) and carbonyl moiety (1732 cm 1) The 1H NMR spectrum of 1 showed the presence of two aromatic or olefinic protons at 7.01 (1H, s) and 6.54 (1H, s) one terminal double bond proton at 5.80 (H, s) and 5.23 (H, s) one oxygened methylene at 5.44 (2H, s) one methyl at 2.11 (3H, s) and one hydroxy hydrogen at 7.92 (1H, br.s) The 13C NMR spectrum showed 13 carbon signals. Combined with the DEPT 135 experiment, these carbons were categorized into one carbonyl carbon 173.0) five aromatic quaternary carbons 160.0, 154.3, 139.2, 116.4, and 107.2) two olefinic quaternary carbons 158.6 and 131.9) two methine carbons 99.6 and 98.2) two methylene carbons 114.2 and 69.7) and one methyl carbon 19.1) (Table 1) These data, especially the 13C NMR signals of the carbonyl carbon at 173.0 (C) and methylene carbon at 69.7 (CH2) along with the IR frequency at 1732 cm 1, indicated the basic skeleton of compound 1 to be a phthalide [16] The 1H and 13C NMR data of compound 1 (Table 1) were similar to that of platypterphthalide  and compound 2 (Table 1) Compared with the data of platypterphthalide, there is only one more double bond in the structure of compound 1 than that of platypterphthalide.
A Unified Neural Coherence Model
Venue: EMNLP/IJCNLP
Year: 2019

Recently, neural approaches to coherence modeling have achieved state of the art results in several evaluation tasks. However, we show that most of these models often fail on harder tasks with more realistic application scenarios. In particular, the existing models underperform on tasks that require the model to be sensitive to local contexts such as candidate ranking in conversational dialogue and in machine translation. In this paper, we propose a unified coherence model that incorporates sentence grammar, inter sentence coherence relations, and global coherence patterns into a common neural framework. With extensive experiments on local and global discrimination tasks, we demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms existing models by a good margin, and establish a new state of the art.
Some studies on the effect of resolution with different ISAR imaging techniques
Venue: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Communication and Systems ICCCS14
Year: 2014

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is used to produce high resolution images of moving targets from long distances which is used for automatic target recognition. Although the principle is same for a ship target on the sea and that of flying target in the sky, the former usually have more complex motions than the latter which makes the motion compensation very difficult  However the change in phase chirp rate caused by complex motions of ship will deteriorate the azimuth focusing quality. In this paper, imaging of a target is shown for different ISAR techniques like Range Doppler, Range instantaneous Doppler and Range instantaneous chirp. The paper is organized as follows. In Section I, an Introduction to ISAR imaging of ship target with motions is given. In Section II the imaging techniques of the target with motion is given with necessary mathematical expressions. In Section Ill the simulation results are shown. In Section IV finally the conclusion is explained.
Conceptualizing LGBT Stigma and Associated HIV Vulnerabilities Among LGBT Persons in Lesotho
Venue: AIDS and Behavior
Year: 2020

Social marginalization harms lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons' wellbeing in Lesotho. Socio cultural mechanisms linking LGBT stigma, depression, substance use, and HIV among LGBT persons in Lesotho are understudied. We explore associations between LGBT stigma, mental health stressors, and HIV vulnerabilities among LGBT persons in Lesotho. We conducted in depth, semi structured interviews with 46 LGBT persons and six key informants (e.g. healthcare providers) Participants described depression, substance use, and HIV as mutually reinforcing and situated in larger social contexts of stigma. Alcohol use was a stigma coping strategy and a way to build LGBT connections. At the same time, alcohol use elevated HIV vulnerabilities by lowering condom use uptake. Pervasive stigma reinforced barriers to healthcare engagement. Community led support and services were leveraged to navigate stigma, reduce HIV vulnerabilities, and ultimately improve health. Findings emphasize the key role contexts play in shaping sexual and mental health among LGBT persons in Lesotho.
The psychometric validation of the quality practical experience (QPE) instruments (nurses and student nurse) to evaluate clinical supervision of undergraduate student nurses.
Venue: Nurse education in practice
Year: 2020

It is important to evaluate stakeholder feedback regarding any change to a clinical supervision model to maintain quality. The Quality Practical Experience (QPE) instruments offer both the nurse on the ward involved with supervising student learning and the student nurse the opportunity to evaluate their satisfaction with the supervision model. This paper reports on the evaluation of the construct validity and the reliability of the QPE instruments measuring nurse and nursing student satisfaction with the clinical supervision model. Methodological design for the reliability and validation of a measuring instrument. The nurse and the student QPE instruments were tested with convenience samples of 488 nurses and 1116 student nurses, respectively. Psychometric tests included internal reliability, test retest reliability and factor analyses. Exploratory factor analysis for both QPEs supported a three factor solution; the nurse QPE explained 48% and student nurse QPE 45% of variance. Internal reliability and test retest reliability were stable over time (nurse QPE ICC 0.82; student nurse QPE ICC 0.71) Both QPE instruments were found to be valid and reliable. Feedback from all stakeholders involved with supporting student nurses during clinical placement is important.
How the Manila amendments to the STCW code enhance training in maritime safety and security
Year: 2014

This paper shows the changes that have occurred to the Manila Amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code (STCW 2010 Code) In the School of Maritime Engineering of the University of Cantabria with the degrees in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport (Deck Officers) Marine Engineering (Engine Officers) and Maritime Engineering (Naval Engineering) we have taken into consideration all these changes and have adapted them to the academic training of the STCW 2010 Code. We recognize the need to train our maritime protection students (future officers, Captains and Chief Engineers of the Spanish Merchant Marine) with the latest and most effective tools and protocols. Thanks to the Maritime Collaborative Website of the Spanish Navy (ENCOMAR) we can complement and ensure the theoretical and practical training of our students to improve their knowledge on Maritime Security.
Cash and the Economy: Evidence from India&Apos;S Demonetization
Year: 2018

We analyze a unique episode in the history of monetary economics, the 2016 Indian  This policy made 86% of cash in circulation illegal tender overnight, with new notes gradually introduced over the next several months. We present a model of demonetization where agents hold cash both to satisfy a cash in advance constraint and for tax evasion purposes. We test the predictions of the model in the cross section of Indian districts using several novel data sets including: the geographic distribution of demonetized and new notes for causal inference; night light activity and employment surveys to measure economic activity including in the informal sector; debit/credit cards and e wallet transactions data; and banking data on deposit and credit growth. Districts experiencing more severe demonetization had relative reductions in economic activity, faster adoption of alternative payment technologies, and lower bank credit growth. The cross sectional responses cumulate to a contraction in aggregate employment and night lightsaEUR"based output due to the the cash shortage of at least 2 percentage points and of bank credit of 2 percentage points in 2016Q4 relative to their counterfactual paths, effects that dissipate over the next few months. Our analysis rejects monetary neutrality using a large scale natural experiment, something that is still rare in the vast literature on the effects of monetary policy.
ANALISIS MICROBIOLOGICO DE LA CHAMBA (Campomanesia lineatifolia) Y SUS PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS EN MIRAFLORES BOYACA, COLOMBIA
Year: 2017

Se presentan los resultados parciales del estudio microbiologico de la fruta y los productos derivados de la Chamba (Campomanesia lineatifolia) que pueden ser base para futuras investigaciones relacionadas a esta especie nativa en la region de Lengupa. Como primera instancia, se realizo la determinacion microbiologica de aerobios mesofilos, coliformes totales y fecales, hongos y levaduras para la fruta sin procesar, la pulpa de chamba congelada y dulces de chamba, comercializados en el municipio de Miraflores (Boyaca) El diagnostico microbiologico incluyo la enumeracion de aerobios mesofilos, coliformes totales, coliformes fecales, hongos y levaduras. Esto permite conocer las condiciones generales del producto y las medidas higienicas y sanitarias durante su elaboracion (Carrillo Zapata Lozano Caicedo, 2008) A partir de este estudio se busca divulgar el conocimiento sobre la chamba y ofrecer alternativas a futuro para que los campesinos de la region mejoren sus productos basados en ella.
ONTOGRABBING: Extracting Information from Texts Using Generative Ontologies
Venue: FQAS
Year: 2009

We describe principles for extracting information from texts using a so called generative ontology in combination with syntactic analysis. Generative ontologies are introduced as semantic domains for natural language phrases. Generative ontologies extend ordinary finite ontologies with rules for producing recursively shaped terms representing the ontological content (ontological semantics) of NL noun phrases and other phrases. We focus here on achieving a robust, often only partial, ontology driven parsing of and ascription of semantics to a sentence in the text corpus. The aim of the ontological analysis is primarily to identify paraphrases, thereby achieving a search functionality beyond mere keyword search with synsets. We further envisage use of the generative ontology as a phrase based rather than word based browser into text corpora.
Menage a trois in the human gut: interactions between host, bacteria and phages
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Year: 2017

The human gut is host to one of the densest microbial communities known, the gut microbiota, which contains bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and other microbial eukaryotes. Bacteriophages in the gut are largely unexplored, despite their potential to regulate bacterial communities and thus human health. In addition to helping us understand gut homeostasis, applying an ecological perspective to the study of bacterial and phage communities in the gut will help us to understand how this microbial system functions. For example, temporal studies of bacteria, phages and host immune cells in the gut during health and disease could provide key information about disease development and inform therapeutic treatments, whereas understanding the regulation of the replication cycles of phages could help harness the gut microbiota to improve disease outcomes. As the most abundant biological entities in our gut, we must consider bacteriophages in our pursuit of personalized medicine.