nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of three toothbrushes on established gingivitis and plaque.
Venue: American journal of dentistry
Year: 2008

To evaluate the efficacy of three toothbrushes [Colgate 3600 Deep Clean (AFT version) the Colgate 3600 Deep Clean (stapled version) and the Oral B Indicator] on the removal of established gingivitis and plaque.  This examiner blind, three treatment, parallel clinical research study assessed plaque removal via the comparison of pre to post brushing and 4 week plaque removal measured by the Rustogi Modification of the Modified Navy Plaque Index. This study also assessed gingivitis using the Loe Silness Gingival Index. Qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Northern New Jersey area reported to the study site after refraining from any oral hygiene procedures for 12 hours; and from eating, drinking, or smoking for 4 hours. Following an examination for gingivitis and plaque (pre brushing) they were randomized into three balanced groups, each group using one of the three study toothbrushes in the order specified by a pre determined randomization plan. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for 1 minute under supervision with their assigned toothbrush and a commercially available toothpaste (Colgate Cavity Protection) after which they were once again evaluated for plaque (post brushing) Subjects were then dismissed from the study site with the toothpaste and their assigned toothbrush to use at home twice daily for the next 4 weeks. They again reported to the study site at which time they were evaluated for plaque and gingivitis.  109 subjects complied with the protocol and completed the clinical study. For plaque removal, comparisons were made for whole mouth, at the gingival margin and at interproximal sites. The results of the study indicated that all three test toothbrushes provided statistically significantly reductions in pre to post brushing plaque index scores of up to 44.0% 38.6% and 23.6% respectively, after a single toothbrushing. Relative to the Oral B Indicator toothbrush, the Colgate 360 degree Deep Clean toothbrush (AFT version) and Colgate 360 degrees Deep Clean toothbrush (stapled version) provided a statistically significantly greater removal of plaque of up to 107% and 93.0% respectively, after a single toothbrushing. Also, the group using the Colgate 360 degree Deep Clean toothbrush (AFT version) and the Colgate 360 degree Deep Clean toothbrush (stapled version) exhibited a statistically significantly greater removal of plaque of up to 575% and 400% respectively, when compared to the Oral B Indicator toothbrush after 4 weeks. The group using the Colgate 3600 Deep Clean toothbrush (AFT version) and the Colgate 3600 Deep Clean toothbrush (stapled version) exhibited statistically significantly greater reductions in gingivitis of up to 23% and 17% respectively, and greater reductions in gingivitis severity (bleeding sites) of up to 73% and 52% respectively, as compared to the Oral B Indicator toothbrush after 4 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the two Colgate 3600 toothbrushes for any parameter and at any comparison time.
Theory of inventive problem solving based sector specific guidance for electrical engineers to seek innovative solutions systematically
Year: 2013

Complexity of engineering systems is growing with integration of multiple technologies as one system. It is becoming hard for engineers to address problems in a system, which needs expertise in multiple technological domains. To cater this ever growing complexity, systematic guidance is a worthy assistance. To help engineers generate focused ideas, determine probable solution directions and foresee future developments in a sector, while providing systematic guidance is a valuable support. With the aim of supporting engineers to meet today's challenges, this research used capabilities of TRIZ for development of sector specific guidance. The generated guidance is worked to be optimized for sub domains of a major field. To reduce this complexity and facilitate engineers, TRIZ do offer a strong set of tools and methods. The approach of working out sector specific guidance for smaller sectors will open a window for new ideas, to seek future transitions of engineering systems in specific sector. It will also reduce need of a TRIZ expert in dealing a problem, while looking for TRIZ based solution guidance. Taking engineering solution design stages into consideration, this research aims for guiding engineers at conceptual design stage of solution hunting. A strong conceptual design will result in less design iterations, hence reducing time and cost of solution hunting process. With this aim, the research seeks to set a direction and methodology for 'how to generate sector specific guidance framework' The research successfully met all objectives to meet the aim of this research. For this purpose, the research worked out three cases from different sub domains of electrical engineering. The chosen cases are significant topics in electrical power engineering now a day, i.e. sustainable energy development, asset management and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) devices. To validate proposed methodology and resulted guidance framework, it executes an example of a real problem with help of developed guidance framework. Effective results are achieved by application of developed guidance framework, which validates research approach and methodology. Successful results achieved for development of systematic guidance are presented for all three cases.
Interactive GPU based "Visulation" and Structure Analysis of 3 D Implicit Surfaces for Seismic Interpretation
Year: 2010

Three dimensional seismic data has been used to explore the earth's crust for over 30 years, yet the identification of geologic features in the migrated seismic image remains a time consuming manual task. Current approaches fail to realistically model many 3D geologic features and offer no integrated segmentation capabilities. In the image processing community, image structure analysis techniques have demonstrated encouraging results through filters that enhance feature structure using partial derivative information. These techniques are only beginning to be applied to the field of seismic interpretation and the information they generate remains to be explored for feature segmentation. Dynamic implicit surfaces, implemented with level set methods, have shown great potential in the computational sciences for applications such as modeling, simulation, and segmentation. Level set methods allow implicit handling of complex topologies deformed by operations where large changes can occur without destroying the level set representation. Many real world objects can be represented as an implicit surface but further interpretation of those surfaces is often severely limited, such as the growth and segmentation of planelike and high positive curvature features. In addition, the complexity of many evolving surfaces requires visual monitoring and user control in order to achieve preferred results.
Inferring social ties between users with human location history
Venue: J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput.
Year: 2014

The location based social networks have been becoming flourishing in recent years. In this paper, we aim to estimate the similarity between users according to their physical location histories (represented by GPS trajectories) This similarity can be regarded as a potential social tie between users, thereby enabling friend and location recommendations. Different from previous work using social structures or directly matching users' physical locations, this approach model a user's GPS trajectories with a semantic location history (SLH) e.g. shopping malls restaurants cinemas. Then, we measure the similarity between different users' SLHs by using our maximal travel match (MTM) algorithm. The advantage of our approach lies in two aspects. First, SLH carries more semantic meanings of a user's interests beyond low level geographic positions. Second, our approach can estimate the similarity between two users without overlaps in the geographic spaces, e.g. people living in different cities. When matching SLHs, we consider the sequential property, the granularity and the popularity of semantic locations. We evaluate our method based on a real world GPS dataset collected by 109 users in a period of 1 year. The results show that SLH outperforms a physical location based approach and MTM is more effective than several widely used sequence matching approaches given this application scenario.
Who Needs Global Citizenship Education? A Review of the Literature on Teacher Education
Year: 2020

Given the seemingly ever increasing scholarly production about the ideas and ideals of global citizenship education (GCE) it is not surprising those discussions started to gain influence in teacher education (TE) debates. In this study, we examine the discourses that tacitly shape the meanings of GCE within the contemporary academic literature on TE. After analyzing the peer reviewed scholarship published from 2003 to 2018, we identified patterns in how GCE for TE was described and defended, beyond the differences in their conceptual frameworks. The dominant trend found is to frame GCE as a redemptive educational solution to global problems. This framing requires teachers to embrace a redemptive narrative following a model of rationality based on altruistic, hyperrationalized and overly romanticized ideals. Ultimately, TE literature contributes to the configuration of an excessively naive discourse that tends to ignore the neoliberal context in which both GCE and TE take place today.
Tecnologia osea en el Holoceno tardio de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) el sitio Las Vueltas 1
Year: 2020

Diversos autores mencionan el uso de materias primas oseas con fines tecnologi cos por parte de los grupos cazadores recolectores de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego desde 6000 anos. Esta tecnologia utiliza huesos de diferentes especies para la confeccion de artefactos y objetos de adorno. En la tercera ocupacion (ca. 585 anos AP) del sitio multicomponente Las Vueltas 1 (LV1) se hallaron evidencias de caza y procesado de al menos 37 guanacos. Algunos huesos se utilizaron para la manufactura de artefactos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del analisis morfo tecnico y funcional de los artefactos oseos recuperados en la mencionada ocupacion. El estudio amplia nuestros conocimientos sobre la importancia de la tecnologia osea en sociedades cazadoras recolectoras pedestres.
CMG Pol epsilon dynamics suggests a mechanism for the establishment of leading strand synthesis in the eukaryotic replisome
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2017

Faithful and efficient genome duplication is essential for the propagation of life. Aberrant DNA replication can lead to genomic instability and cancer. In eukaryotes, the replication machinery is composed of the DNA unwinding enzyme Cdc45 MCM GINS (CMG) and dedicated DNA synthesis factors. Three different polymerases act sequentially on the leading strand template to establish DNA replication. We describe the architecture and dynamics of the main leading strand polymerase bound to the CMG helicase, and we propose a mechanism for the establishment of efficient leading strand synthesis. Our findings provide important insights into how the eukaryotic replication machinery functions to ensure that genome integrity is maintained during replication. The replisome unwinds and synthesizes DNA for genome duplication. In eukaryotes, the Cdc45 MCM GINS (CMG) helicase and the leading strand polymerase, Pol epsilon, form a stable assembly. The mechanism for coupling DNA unwinding with synthesis is starting to be elucidated, however the architecture and dynamics of the replication fork remain only partially understood, preventing a molecular understanding of chromosome replication. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic single particle EM study on multiple permutations of the reconstituted CMG Pol epsilon assembly. Pol epsilon contains two flexibly tethered lobes. The noncatalytic lobe is anchored to the motor of the helicase, whereas the polymerization domain extends toward the side of the helicase. We observe two alternate configurations of the DNA synthesis domain in the CMG bound Pol epsilon. We propose that this conformational switch might control DNA template engagement and release, modulating replisome progression.
Influence of Mixing Time to Crystal Structure and Dielectric Constant of Ba0,9Sr0,1TiO3
Year: 2015

Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba 1 x Sr x TiO 3 or BST has been synthesized using solid state reaction method. Raw materials of BST were BaCO 3 SrCO 3 and TiO 2 Those materials were mixed, pressed, and sintered at temperature 1200 o C for 2 h. Mixing time of raw materials was varied to identify its effects on crystal structures and dielectrics constant of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 using X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and LCR meter instrument, respectively. The results of XRD showed that crystals structure of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 is tetragonal. Lattice parameter of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 for 6 h of mixing time is a b 3.988 A and c 3.998 A. Lattice parameter of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 for 8 h of mixing time is a b 3.976 A and c 4.000 A. Crystalline size of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 was calculated using Scherrer equation. Crystalline size, crystallinity, and dielectric constant of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 for 6 h of mixing time is 38 nm, 96% and 115 at frequency 1 KHz, respectively while their value for 8 h of mixing time is 39 nm, 96% and 196 at frequency 1 KHz, respectively. Thus it can be concluded that mixing time affects the lattice parameters of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 crystal. The longer mixing time causes crystalline size, crystallinity, and dielectrics constant increase.
Molecular and Cellular Approaches Toward Understanding Dynein Driven Motility
Year: 2016

Active transport is integral to organelle localization and their distribution within the cell. Kinesins, myosins and dynein are the molecular motors that drive this long range transport on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Although several families of kinesins and myosins have evolved, there is only one form of cytoplasmic dynein driving active retrograde transport in cells. While dynactin is an essential co factor for most cellular functions of dynein, the mechanistic basis for this evolutionarily well conserved interaction remains unclear. Here, I use single molecule approaches with purified dynein to reconstitute processes in vitro, and implement an optogenetic tool in neurons to further dissect regulatory mechanisms of dynein driven transport in cells. I demonstrate for the first time, at the single molecule level, that dynactin functions as a tether to enhance the initial recruitment of dynein onto microtubules but also acts as a brake to slow the motor. I then extend this work in neurons to understand regulation of the dynein motor at the cellular level. Neurons are particulary dependent on long range transport as organelles and macromolecules must be efficiently moved over the extended length of the axon and further, have mechanisms in place for the compartment specific regulation of trafficking in axons and dendrites. I use a light inducible dimerization tool to recruit motor proteins or motor adaptors to organelles in real time to examine downstream effects of organelle motility and compartment specific regulation of motors. I find that while dynein works efficiently in both axons and dendrites, kinesins are differentially regulated in a compartment specific manner. I further demonstrate that dynein driven motility in neurons is largely governed by microtubule orientation and requires microtubule dynamics for efficient navigation in axons and dendrites. Together, this work sheds light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of dynein function both in vitro and in vivo using a combination of approaches. My findings converge to a model wherein dynactin enhances the recruitment of dynein onto microtubule plus ends, leading to efficient minus end directed motility of dynein. This becomes especially critical in neuronal growth cones and dendrites owing to the large number of highly dynamic microtubules in these compartments. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Biology First Advisor Erika L. Holzbaur Subject Categories Biophysics Cell Biology Molecular Biology This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http:/repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1595 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR APPROACHES TOWARD UNDERSTANDING DYNEIN DRIVEN MOTILITY
Genotypic and Phenotypic Profile of Alkalophile Proteolytic Bacillus sp. Associated with Rhizosphere of Apple Trees in Trans Himalayas
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2014

AbstractRhizosphere of apple trees of Trans Himalayas is great niche of proteolytic bacteria which may have potential for use in industries. A total of 76 proteolytic bacteria were obtained from rhizosphere soil and root endosphere of apple trees from different sites of four locations viz. Chamba, Shimla, Kinnaur and Kullu of Himachal Pradesh, India, which were screened for plant growth promoting traits including production of indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization, hydrogen cyanide production and production of antifungal metabolite. Among them, 17 isolates that exhibited maximum alkaline protease activity were selected. The diversity elucidation and differentiation of isolates was achieved through their biochemical characterization and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis with three tetra cutter restriction enzymes (HpaII, HinfI and TaqI) the representative cluster groups were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. This brings to light the predominance of Bacillus sp. and presence of remarkable functional and genotypic intraspecific diversity in apple rhizosphere. Proteolytic activity among selected isolates ranged between 50 and 2,770 ug/ml/min at pH 8.0 and the maximum was observed for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2,770 ug/ml/min) followed by B. subtilis (1,300.97 ug/ml/min) Bacillus amyloliquifaciens in particular showed great potential of alkaline protease production which agrees its exploitation in detergent industry. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is first report for genetic and functional diversity of alkaline protease producing PGPR associated with apple rhizosphere in Trans Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh. Additionally the generated information may serve as a base line data for developing effective alkaline protease preparation for the industrial use.
Coexistence of Digital and Analog Resistive Switching With Low Operation Voltage in Oxygen Gradient HfOx Memristors
Venue: IEEE Electron Device Letters
Year: 2019

A highly reliable and multifunctional memristor demonstrating both digital and analog characteristics was fabricated utilizing HfOx films with oxygen concentration gradient. Remarkably uniform and low operation voltage (magnitude less than 0.9V) at high speed (down to 20 ns) was realized in the digital switching mode. This performance is achieved by confining the switching region to the weak apex of the cone shape conductive channel, which stems from the gradient distribution of resistivity and electric field in HfOx. In addition, multi levels resistance states were defined by the negative reset voltage/compliance current in the analog switching mode. The gradually changing conductance like synapse can be tuned by pulse series with low operation voltage (less than 0.7V) The coexistence of digital and analog modes open up opportunities for the synapse like in memory computing.
Design and Implementation of an Automatic Power Supply from Four Different Source Using Microcontroller
Year: 2017

This project is designed to automatically supply continuous power to a load through one of the four sources of supply that are: solar, mains, thermal, and wind when any one of them is unavailable. The four switches represent the four causes. The switches are connected to an 8051 microcontroller of which they provide input signals. Whenever a switch is pressed, it shows the absence of that particular reference. A relay driver is used that receives microcontroller generated output and switches that specific relay to provide continuous power supply. A lamp or bulb is used as a load for demonstration purpose which draws power from main. When the primary fails to supply power, automatically next available source is used like thermal. If thermal fails then the next one is used and so on. An LCD is used to show which power supply is on.
Adaptive fuzzy reliable control for switched uncertain nonlinear systems based on closed loop reference model
Venue: Fuzzy Sets Syst.
Year: 2020

This paper investigates an input to state practical stability (ISpS) problem for a class of switched strict feedback nonlinear systems with closed loop reference model. The considered systems are with unmodeled dynamics, dynamic disturbances and actuator failures. Fuzzy logical systems (FLSs) are utilized to approximate the unknown functions. Different from the open loop model reference adaptive control, a feedback gain term is introduced into the reference model to improve the transient performance of the considered systems especially when actuator failures occur and switchings take place. By combining the small gain approach and backstepping technique, an adaptive fuzzy control method is proposed. It is shown that under the developed control scheme, the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin, while all the signals of the closed loop system are semi globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) Simulation study is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Multilevel modelling and multiple group analysis of disparities in continuity of care and viral suppression among adolescents and youths living with HIV in Nigeria
Venue: BMJ Global Health
Year: 2020

Substantial disparities in care outcomes exist between different subgroups of adolescents and youths living with HIV (AYLHIV) Understanding variation in individual and health facility characteristics could be key to identifying targets for interventions to reduce these disparities. We modelled variation in AYLHIV retention in care and viral suppression, and quantified the extent to which individual and facility characteristics account for observed variations.  We included 1170 young adolescents (10 14 years) 3206 older adolescents (15 19 years) and 9151 young adults (20 24 years) who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2015 and December 2017 across 124 healthcare facilities in Nigeria. For each age group, we used multilevel modelling to partition observed variation of main outcomes (retention in care and viral suppression at 12 months after ART initiation) by individual (level one) and health facility (level two) characteristics. We used multiple group analysis to compare the effects of individual and facility characteristics across age groups.  Facility characteristics explained most of the observed variance in retention in care in all the age groups, with smaller contributions from individual level characteristics (14% 22.22% vs 0% 3.84% For viral suppression, facility characteristics accounted for a higher proportion of variance in young adolescents (15.79% but not in older adolescents (0% and young adults (3.45% Males were more likely to not be retained in care (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.28; p<0.001 young adults) and less likely to achieve viral suppression (aOR=0.69; p<0.05 older adolescent) Increasing facility level viral load testing reduced the likelihood of non retention in care, while baseline regimen TDF/3TC/EFV or NVP increased the likelihood of viral suppression.  Differences in characteristics of healthcare facilities accounted for observed disparities in retention in care and, to a lesser extent, disparities in viral suppression. An optimal combination of individual and health services approaches is, therefore, necessary to reduce disparities in the health and well being of AYLHIV.