nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of an MRT qPCR Assay for Detecting Coinfection of Six Vertically Transmitted or Immunosuppressive Avian Viruses
Venue: Frontiers in Microbiology
Year: 2020

Marek's disease virus (MDV) reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) avian reovirus (ARV) chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) are important causes of disease in poultry. To investigate the infection status of the above six viruses in chickens in China, 1,187 samples from chicken flocks were collected and tested using a newly developed multiplex reverse transcription quantitative real time PCR (MRT qPCR) assay in the study. A series of validation tests confirmed that the MRT qPCR assay has high specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. As for six detected pathogens, CIAV had the highest detection ratio, while ARV was not detected in any samples. In the spleen samples, the coinfection rate for MDV and CIAV was 1.6% and that for REV and CIAV was 0.4% In the bursa samples, the coinfection rate for FAdV and CIAV was 0.3% and that for IBDV and CIAV was 1% In the thymus samples, the coinfection rates for MDV and CIAV and for REV and CIAV were both 0.8% Our study indicates that the coinfection of these viruses was existing in chickens in China. Through the detection of clinical samples, this study provides data on the coinfections of the above six pathogens and provides a basis for the further study of viral coinfection in chickens.
Cross Cultural Barriers and Survival of Multinational Enterprise MNEs in Nigeria
Year: 2018

As enterprise operations continue to be globalized through international extensions, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, strategic relationships and partnerships, multinational firms need to offer consideration regarding issues of culture in human resource management exercises as a solution for prosperity. The global association is able if only it can cross over any barrier among administration and culture so that personal associations with other individuals in the association and society progress toward becoming in agreement. This is basic on the grounds that social relativity and reality in associations impact tasks. The research was intended to explore the Cross cultural Barriers influencing the Survival of Multinational Enterprise (MNEs) In Nigeria. Given the routine nature of operations of the multinational corporations. The contingency approach and particularistic theory were adopted. In Nigerian business environment, multinationals have to contend with certain primal issues when making entry which includes political landscape, legal and regulatory nature, terrorism issues. This paper discusses the major ways of overcoming the factors that can affect cross cultural communication in multinational corporations as improvement in intercultural competence, language training, cross cultural knowledge preparation and implementation of joint benefit strategy. This paper recommended amongst others that Governments in Nigeria should ensure that cultural dimensions are reflected in private public partnership (PPP) agreements with MNEs to ensure positive HRM across borders.
Detection of facial mimicry by electromyography during fMRI scanning
Year: 2013

Pictures were presented in a block design showing 20 consecutive faces with the same expression for 0.5 s each with an interval of 0.5 s  Four blocks were shown of each emo tion. EMG was recorded using pre gelled circular 1 cm diameter radiotrans lucent electrodes on 3.8 cm circular vinyl backing. Radiotranslucent clip leads were connected through a patch panel connector to Biopac EMG amplifiers in the control room. To remove scanner noise, EMG signals were processed ac cording to a procedure proposed by Heller et al
Combination of high frequency SSVEP based BCI and computer vision for controlling a robotic arm.
Venue: Journal of neural engineering
Year: 2019

Recent attempts in developing brain computer interface (BCI) controlled robots have shown the potential of this area in the field of assistive robots. However, implementing the process of picking and placing objects using a BCI controlled robotic arm still remains challenging. BCI performance, system portability, and user comfort need to be further improved.  In this study, a novel control approach, which combines high frequency steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCI and computer vision based object recognition, is proposed to control a robotic arm for performing pick and place tasks that require control with multiple degrees of freedom. The computer vision can identify objects in the workspace and locate their positions, while the BCI allows the user to select one of these objects to be acted upon by the robotic arm. The robotic arm was programmed to be able to autonomously pick up and place the selected target object without moment by moment supervision by the user.  Online results obtained from ten healthy subjects indicated that a BCI command for the proposed system could be selected from four possible choices in 6.5 s (i.e. 2.25 s for visual stimulation and 4.25 s for gaze shifting) with 97.75% accuracy. All subjects could successfully complete the pick and place tasks using the proposed system.  These results demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of combining high frequency SSVEP based BCI and computer vision based object recognition to control robotic arms. The control strategy presented here could be extended to control robotic arms to perform other complicated tasks.
The foundations of socionics A review
Venue: Cognitive Systems Research
Year: 2018

This paper discusses the foundations of the theory of socionics, including the rationale behind Ausra Augustinaviciute's model of information processing by the human psyche, and the philosophical thought behind the concept of information metabolism elements. Socionics was developed in the former Soviet Union and may be regarded as analogous to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator typology of personality. The main goal of this paper is to present socionics to the English speaking community, in order to better take advantage of its explanatory potential in the fields of interpersonal communication and psychological disorders. Reviewed topics include aspects of Jungian analytical psychology and Kepinski's information metabolism theory, upon which Augustinaviciute based her model. After the model is presented, its theoretical implications are briefly discussed.
Kimberlites reveal 2.5 billion year evolution of a deep, isolated mantle reservoir
Venue: Nature
Year: 2019

The widely accepted paradigm of Earth's geochemical evolution states that the successive extraction of melts from the mantle over the past 4.5 billion years formed the continental crust, and produced at least one complementary melt depleted reservoir that is now recognized as the upper mantle source of mid ocean ridge basalts1. However, geochemical modelling and the occurrence of high 3He/4He (that is, primordial) signatures in some volcanic rocks suggest that volumes of relatively undifferentiated mantle may reside in deeper, isolated regions2. Some basalts from large igneous provinces may provide temporally restricted glimpses of the most primitive parts of the mantle3,4, but key questions regarding the longevity of such sources on planetary timescales and whether any survive today remain unresolved. Kimberlites, small volume volcanic rocks that are the source of most diamonds, offer rare insights into aspects of the composition of the Earth's deep mantle. The radiogenic isotope ratios of kimberlites of different ages enable us to map the evolution of this domain through time. Here we show that globally distributed kimberlites originate from a single homogeneous reservoir with an isotopic composition that is indicative of a uniform and pristine mantle source, which evolved in isolation over at least 2.5 billion years of Earth history to our knowledge, the only such reservoir that has been identified to date. Around 200 million years ago, extensive volumes of the same source were perturbed, probably as a result of contamination by exogenic material. The distribution of affected kimberlites suggests that this event may be related to subduction along the margin of the Pangaea supercontinent. These results reveal a long lived and globally extensive mantle reservoir that underwent subsequent disruption, possibly heralding a marked change to large scale mantle mixing regimes. These processes may explain why uncontaminated primordial mantle is so difficult to identify in recent mantle derived melts. Globally distributed kimberlites have their origins in a single, homogeneous early Earth reservoir that was subsequently perturbed, probably by subduction along the margins of Pangaea, around 200 million years ago.
Restructuring and the Dilemma of State Police in Nigeria: to Be or Not to Be?
Venue: Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies
Year: 2019

The success or otherwise of any police system lies in the institutional structure upon which the institution is framed. As a federation, there is need to stress for devolution of power through restructuring for effective police system. This is necessary giving the heightened insecurity and centralise nature of the police institution in the country. The over centralisation of policing has made the institution to be control and influence at the discretion of the political head as provided in section 214 of the 1999 constitution as amended. On the other hand, giving the political immaturity in Nigeria, decentralising the national policing to give way to state police also has its own implication of over beardedness, possible political influence of the governors against oppositions, poor funding and formalisation of political thugs and party supports at the detriment of the security business. In view of these therefore, effective police system will be achieved through constitutional amendment of section 214 by removing the discretional command of the political heads which derogated. The institution should be place under justice system to be govern by rule of law.
Comparison of Speed Control of DC Motor using PID Controller and Various Optimization Techniques a Review
Year: 2017

This paper presents a comparative study on dc motor using different types of controllers, optimization techniques and literature review on speed control of dc motor. DC motors are widely used in industry applications, robotics and domestic appliances because of their high reliabilities, flexibilities and low costs. Dc motor can be varied below or above the rated speed by various techniques. There are basically three types of control methods are used to control the speed of dc motor which are field flux control armature control and voltage control. The conventional controller proportional integral derivative (PID) is commonly used to control the speed of dc motor in various application because it is simple, robust and highly effective. This paper represents various tuning methods of PID controller, fuzzy logic controller and optimization techniques for speed control of dc motor.
View Adaptive Recurrent Neural Networks for High Performance Human Action Recognition from Skeleton Data
Venue: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
Year: 2017

Skeleton based human action recognition has recently attracted increasing attention due to the popularity of 3D skeleton data. One main challenge lies in the large view variations in captured human actions. We propose a novel view adaptation scheme to automatically regulate observation viewpoints during the occurrence of an action. Rather than re positioning the skeletons based on a human defined prior criterion, we design a view adaptive recurrent neural network (RNN) with LSTM architecture, which enables the network itself to adapt to the most suitable observation viewpoints from end to end. Extensive experiment analyses show that the proposed view adaptive RNN model strives to (1) transform the skeletons of various views to much more consistent viewpoints and (2) maintain the continuity of the action rather than transforming every frame to the same position with the same body orientation. Our model achieves significant improvement over the state of the art approaches on three benchmark datasets.
Bilingualism changes children's beliefs about what is innate.
Venue: Developmental science
Year: 2015

Young children engage in essentialist reasoning about natural kinds, believing that many traits are innately determined. This study investigated whether personal experience with second language acquisition could alter children's essentialist biases. In a switched at birth paradigm, 5 and 6 year old monolingual and simultaneous bilingual children expected that a baby's native language, an animal's vocalizations, and an animal's physical traits would match those of a birth rather than of an adoptive parent. We predicted that sequential bilingual children, who had been exposed to a new language after age 3, would show greater understanding that languages are learned. Surprisingly, sequential bilinguals showed reduced essentialist beliefs about all traits: they were significantly more likely than other children to believe that human language, animal vocalizations, and animal physical traits would be learned through experience rather than innately endowed. These findings suggest that bilingualism in the preschool years can profoundly change children's essentialist biases.
A predictive learning approach to optimal load sharing in energy management systems
Venue: 2019 18th European Control Conference (ECC)
Year: 2019

Given the total power demand, $P_{d} current practice of equal load sharing in the process industry is to distribute the load among power supply units and machines (e.g. diesel/aas/wind turbines) in proportion to the maximum power, i.e. $P_{i}\frac{p_{\max}{i}\sum_{j}P_{\max}{j}}P_{d} where $P_{\max}{i} denotes the maximum power of the ithunit. However, the efficiency of power supply units, vary in time and are highly individual, even in the case of units from same brand and model. Thus, by considering and utilizing these individual differences, it is possible to share the load in a more fuel/cost/energy optimal manner. To capture this potential, the work presented in this paper proposes an optimization and learning based approach for sharing the load among a set of heterogeneous power supply units. The main contributions of this paper include formulation of the overall energy management system algorithm, including power grid connection and Energy Storage System (ESS) as a Mixed Integer Non Linear Program (MINLP) as well as algorithms for robust moving horizon estimation of efficiency curves and machine learning based algorithms for classification of turbine state and prediction of future power demand needed for the predictive planning scheme. The soundness and performance of the proposed algorithms are verified using actual data from a power plant including gas turbines and power grid connection in combination with ESS.
Sandy coastlines under threat of erosion
Venue: Nature Climate Change
Year: 2020

Sandy beaches occupy more than one third of the global coastline 1 and have high socioeconomic value related to recreation, tourism and ecosystem services 2 Beaches are the interface between land and ocean, providing coastal protection from marine storms and cyclones 3 However the presence of sandy beaches cannot be taken for granted, as they are under constant change, driven by meteorological 4 5 geological 6 and anthropogenic factors 1 7 A substantial proportion of the world's sandy coastline is already eroding 1 7 a situation that could be exacerbated by climate change 8 9 Here, we show that ambient trends in shoreline dynamics, combined with coastal recession driven by sea level rise, could result in the near extinction of almost half of the world's sandy beaches by the end of the century. Moderate GHG emission mitigation could prevent 40% of shoreline retreat. Projected shoreline dynamics are dominated by sea level rise for the majority of sandy beaches, but in certain regions the erosive trend is counteracted by accretive ambient shoreline changes; for example, in the Amazon, East and Southeast Asia and the north tropical Pacific. A substantial proportion of the threatened sandy shorelines are in densely populated areas, underlining the need for the design and implementation of effective adaptive measures. Erosion is a major problem facing sandy beaches that will probably worsen with climate change and sea level rise. Half the world's beaches, many of which are in densely populated areas, could disappear by the end of the century under current trends; mitigation could lessen retreat by 40%
O ceticismo na justica e no direito em Montaigne
Year: 2020

O trabalho apresenta o que pode ser o papel do ceticismo para o direito no pensamento de Michel de Montaigne (1533 1592) Em primeiro lugar, discute a justica atraves de uma atitude solipsista. Em seguida, identifica como pode ser configurado o direito a partir do ceticismo pirronico do ensaista. Argumenta se que o ceticismo aparece como diagnostico e como instrumento de intervencao pela justica. Ao final do trabalho, apontamos o direito montaigniano como um instrumento de imperfeicao continua, desarticulada de qualquer base dogmatica.
Modelirovanie techeniia zhidkosti cherez deformiruemyi p'ezoelementom elastichnyi mikrokanal sistemy okhlazhdeniia mikrozakhvata
Year: 2019

The flow of the fluid in an elastic cylindrical microchannel, the central part of which is located inside the piezoelectric ring, is simulated numerically. It arises as due to channel deformation by piezoelement according to the harmonic law, and pressure drop at the inlet and outlet to the microchannel. The aim of the work is to create a three dimensional computer model of controlling the flow of a fluid by means of a pressure drop and a tube compression piezoelectric element. The model of an element of a computational bench that allows you to find fluid flow using specified analytical formulas, built using an approximation of the calculation results for the full model for individual sets of parameters. Modeling an element of a computing bench will allow real time calculations with direct integration into the control system of a technical device. The model is based on the obtained analytical dependencies taking into account the restrictions introduced, which can significantly reduce the amount of computation and improve the quality of the result. The solution of the full equations of elasticity for the tube and the equations of hydrodynamics in the microchannel was carried out numerically by the finite element method in the package of numerical simulation FreeFem+ Numerical results are obtained for the flow rate of a fluid as a function of time, the physical properties of the fluid (dynamic viscosity and density) and external influences (the magnitude of the pressure gradient, the amplitude and frequency of compression of the piezoelectric element) The variants of using the obtained results in practical applications are shown. For example, in a liquid cooling system, the obtained relationship between the system parameters allows one to determine the flow regime that prevents the flow of heated liquid through the channel outlet. It is planned to use the results in the development of a computing stand for capillary micro capture, containing two tubes (at the input and output) with piezoelectric elements, dividing the device into two parts (with dynamically changing and unchanged geometries) which will greatly simplify the full simulation.
Generalised Spatial Modulation System with Multiple Active Transmit Antennas and Low Complexity Detection Scheme
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Year: 2012

A generalised spatial modulation (SM) scheme with multiple active transmit antennas, named as multiple active spatial modulation (MA SM) is proposed in this paper. By allowing multiple transmitting antennas in the SM system to transmit different symbols at the same time instant, MA SM takes advantages of the low complexity of SM and high multiplexing gain of Vertical Bell Lab Layered Space Time (V BLAST) system. In the MA SM system, the transmitted symbols are mapped into a high dimensional constellation space including the spatial dimension. The general principle for designing the efficient MA SM for arbitrary number of transmit antennas and modulation scheme is presented. Moreover, a near optimal detection scheme with low complexity for MA SM is also proposed and analyzed. A closed form bound for the bit error probability (BEP) of the proposed detection scheme is also derived in this paper. Numerical results with the comparison among the existing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems such as space time block code (STBC) and V BLAST demonstrate the efficiency of MA SM.
Satellite based monitoring system for assessment of vegetation vulnerability to locust hazard in the River Ili delta (Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan)
Year: 2013

The study investigates the overall vulnerability of vegetation in the River Ili delta (Lake Balkhash, Southern Kazakhstan) to locust hazards using correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index data from advanced very high resolution radiometer and the TOPEX/POSEIDON/JASON 1 satellite altimetry derived water level of Lake Balkhash. The study develops a new monitoring and evaluation system to detect the annual vegetated areas infested by locusts and to quantify the overall recurrence of locust damage in these areas throughout the period 1992 to 2006. The monitoring system based annual estimations of locust affected areas were validated against ground survey data. The validation reveals a good correspondence of the estimations with the information from ground truth. The results of the overall vulnerability assessment showed that, for the River Ili delta vegetative land, 17 of the total area was characterized by moderate and high vulnerability of vegetation to locust hazards, whereas 3 showed low vulnerability. Most parts of the Ili delta area are not sensitive to locust hazard.
Influence of laser photobiomodulation on collagen IV during skeletal muscle tissue remodeling after injury in rats.
Venue: Photomedicine and laser surgery
Year: 2011

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of GaAlAs low level laser therapy (LLLT) on collagen IV remodeling of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats after cryolesion.  Considerable interest exists in skeletal muscle regeneration in situations such as repair after exercise induced muscle injury, after muscle transplantation, in muscular dystrophy, exercise induced muscle injury, and the recovery of strength after atrophy due to disuse. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential of LLLT in facilitating the muscle healing process; however, no consensus is found in the literature regarding the best laser irradiation parameters.  Adult male Wistar rats (n 45) were used and randomly divided into three groups: control (n 5) nontreated cryolesioned group (n 20) and LLLT cryolesioned group (n 20) The cryolesioned groups were analyzed at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after the injury procedure. Laser irradiation was performed 3 times per week on the injured region by using the GaAlAs laser (660 nm; beam spot of 0.04 cm(2) output power of 20 mW, power density of 500 mW/cm(2) and energy density of 5 J/cm(2) for 10 sec) The muscles were removed, frozen, cryosectioned, and then stained with hematoxylin eosin for the visualization of general morphology or used for immunohistochemical analysis of collagen IV.  It was demonstrated that LLLT promotes an increase in collagen IV immunolabeling in skeletal muscle in the first 7 days after acute trauma caused by cryoinjury, but does not modify the duration of the tissue repair process. Even with LLLT, the injured muscle tissue needs ~21 days to achieve the same state of organization as that in the noninjured muscle.  The collagen IV content is modulated in regenerating skeletal muscle under LLLT, which might be associated with better tissue outcome, although the histologic analysis did not detect tissue improvement in the LLLT group.