nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Codages d'arbres compacts (CTE) pour la planification QBF (Journees d'Intelligence Artificielle Fondamentale (JIAF 2018) Amiens, France, 13/06/18 15/06/18)
Year: 2020

Les ameliorations considerables dans la technologie et les performances des solveurs SAT ont permis de les utiliser pour la resolution de divers problemes d'intelligence artificielle, et parmi eux, pour le probleme de la generation de plans. Recemment, des solveurs QBF (Quantified Boolean Formula) prometteurs ont ete developpes et nous pouvons nous attendre a ce qu'ils deviennent aussi efficaces que les solveurs SAT dans un proche avenir. Il est donc interessant d'utiliser le langage QBF qui permet de produire des encodages plus compacts. Nous presentons dans cet article une traduction de problemes de planification STRIPS en formules propositionnelles quantifiees. Nous proposons deux nouveaux codages d'arbres compacts CTE (Compact Tree Encoding) CTEEFA base sur des frame axiomes explicatifs dans un espace d'etats, et CTE OPEN base sur des liens de causalite dans un espace de plans. Nous comparons ensuite ces deux codages a CTE NOOP qui est propose dans [3] et qui est base sur l'utilisation d'actions No op. En termes de temps d'execution sur les problemes de reference, CTE EFA et CTE OPEN sont toujours plus efficaces que CTE NOOP.
Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Venue: The Lancet Neurology
Year: 2010

Currently available evidence strongly supports the position that the initiating event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to abnormal processing of beta amyloid (Abeta) peptide, ultimately leading to formation of Abeta plaques in the brain. This process occurs while individuals are still cognitively normal. Biomarkers of brain beta amyloidosis are reductions in CSF Abeta(42) and increased amyloid PET tracer retention. After a lag period, which varies from patient to patient, neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration become the dominant pathological processes. Biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration are increased CSF tau and structural MRI measures of cerebral atrophy. Neurodegeneration is accompanied by synaptic dysfunction, which is indicated by decreased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET. We propose a model that relates disease stage to AD biomarkers in which Abeta biomarkers become abnormal first, before neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive symptoms, and neurodegenerative biomarkers become abnormal later, and correlate with clinical symptom severity.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Fog Environment
Venue: Business Process Management Workshops
Year: 2018

Mobile edge devices with high requirements typically need to obtain faster response on local network services. Fog computing is an emerging computing paradigm motivated by this need, which currently is viewed as an extension of cloud computing. This computing paradigm is presented to provide low commutation latency service for workflow applications. However, how to schedule workflow applications for seeking the tradeoff between makespan and cost in cloud fog environment is facing huge challenge. To address this issue, in current paper, we propose a workflow scheduling algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) where a nonlinear decreasing function of inertia weight in PSO is designed for promoting PSO to gain the optimal solution. Finally, comprehensive simulation experiment results show that our proposed scheduling algorithm is more cost effective and can obtain better performance than baseline approach.
Pumping Cycle Kite Power with Twings
Year: 2018

Pumping cycle kite power has attracted considerable interest over the last years with several start ups and research teams investigating the technology. While all these groups produce electrical power with a ground based generator in a cyclic process, there is no consent about the shape, structure and control of the flying object. In particular the launching and landing strategy has not been settled yet. TwingTec has followed a pragmatic approach focusing on the flying part of the system. The spin off from Empa and FHNW has developed over the last years in close collaboration with leading research institutes from Switzerland the twing, an acronym for tethered wing. The guiding principle behind the design of the twing was to combine the light weight property of a kite with the aerodynamic properties of a glider plane. Launching and landing was solved by integrating rotors into the structure allowing the twing to hover. Launching, transition into crosswind, autonomous power production, transition into hover and landing has been demonstrated with the current small scale test system.
PROPOSING A NOVEL KINETIC SKIN FOR BUILDING FACADES USING SCISSOR LIKE ELEMENT STRUCTURES
Year: 2018

In recent years, kinetic facades have emerged as a suitable alternative for building skins that meet the demands for comfort factors of inside and outside environment and aesthetic criteria. This paper demonstrates a novel transformable geometric pattern inspired by Persian Architecture that provides an environmentally protective yet aesthetically pleasing building skin. This novel skin that is used for building facades is composed of geometric modular units mainly consisting of two kinds of scissor like element (SLE) simple scissor like elements and modified scissor like elements which are linked together by movable joints. These units can be connected together to create a transformable system attached to the existing or new buildings or be used for a particular part of a building. This paper presents a research based design project using a rarely used SLE system for transformable building facade. In this methodology, in the first stage, a library study was used to find, categorize and evaluate the transformable building skins using SLE systems. In the second stage, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the best movement strategies for SLE units that employ the most efficient activation and driving system for the proposed geometry. In the final stage through physical and digital model making process, the alternatives derived from the previous stage were analyzed and the best transformation strategies that best suit the selected design was chosen. The result of this paper is a proposal for a transformable grid of SLE systems that can be attached to existing or new building facade and is not only able to control the environmental condition of the building, but it can also change its appearance during a course of a day. The transformation mechanism used in this design is a combination of two types of scissor structure employing pivotal and rotary movement supported on the tracks provided on the building facade.
Poverty and Aspirations Failure
Year: 2011

We develop a theoretical framework to study the psychology of poverty and 'aspirations failure' In our framework, the rich and the poor share the same preferences and also a behavioral bias in setting aspirations. Greater downside risks imposed by poverty exacerbates the effects of this behavioral bias: the poor are more susceptible to both an aspirations failure and pessimism about the likelihood of achieving success. Poverty limits the set of people whose life experiences the poor consider relevant for forming their own beliefs and aspirations. Mitigating poverty traps require policies which go beyond reducing material deprivation.
Towards IEC62439 3: Implementing Linux based (ZHAW InES) PRP stack with non PRP passthrough on ethernet networks in QNX
Venue: 2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)
Year: 2017

This paper discusses the techniques necessary to implement the InES Linux based IEC 62439 3 (PRP) protocol as a software module within the QNX networking driver environment, which also supports non PRP traffic simultaneously. Comparisons to other implementations of the PRP stack are discussed. We leverage the NetBSD based network stack implementation of QNX, and discuss common API calls which are suitable to implement a dual mode PRP driver for QNX. The software behavior for ingress, egress, and management traffic specific to PRP is discussed at the API level. We show the CPU utilization performance of the PRP network as compared to non PRP networks, along with QNX microkernel specific concerns. Caveats to this approach and mitigations are discussed.
Clusters of Hyperactive Neurons Near Amyloid Plaques in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Venue: Science
Year: 2008

The neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease has been associated with synaptic dismantling and progressive decrease in neuronal activity. We tested this hypothesis in vivo by using two photon Ca2+ imaging in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Although a decrease in neuronal activity was seen in 29% of layer 2/3 cortical neurons, 21% of neurons displayed an unexpected increase in the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ transients. These "hyperactive" neurons were found exclusively near the plaques of amyloid b depositing mice. The hyperactivity appeared to be due to a relative decrease in synaptic inhibition. Thus, we suggest that a redistribution of synaptic drive between silent and hyperactive neurons, rather than an overall decrease in synaptic activity, provides a mechanism for the disturbed cortical function in Alzheimer's disease.
Corporate Social Responsibility for Developing Country Multinational Corporations: Lost War in Pertaining Global Competitiveness?
Year: 2009

This article explores the conceptual and practical gap existing between the developed and developing countries in relation to corporate social responsibility (CSR) or the North South 'CSR Divide' through the analysis of possible impact on the competitiveness of developing countries' and economies' SMEs and MNEs in globalization. To do so, this article first reviewed the traditional wisdom on the concept of strategic CSR developed in the North and the role that CSR engagement can play in corporate competitiveness, and compare with the impact on the competitive advantage of the South through the supply chains. It points out that among the many factors that could explain the 'CSR Divide' the negative impact of CSR on comparative advantage is the final resort where developing countries are reluctant and defensive toward western style CSR. It did point out that developing countries are changing their approaches to make CSR work in favor of their competitive position in global trade, such as China who has started to adopt proactive approach by becoming CSR standards setter. This article concludes with two policy proposals that aim to bridge the CSR gap, the first is to improve CSR standard setting participation from both sides, and the second to search for solutions in the international investment legal framework which will define corporate obligations in relating to CSR in a more explicit way.
Criticisms raised against the investigation of purportedly anomalous telephone occurrences
Year: 2018

Rogo and Bayless (1979) published a two year investigation into reports of perceived contact with the dead via the telephone, and telephone calls from living people verified to be elsewhere at the time the call took place. Criticisms of their research methods more so than of the phenomena themselves began to appear in various forms, including as book reviews in parapsychology journals, which in some instances gave the researchers a chance to reply. Such criticisms were briefly summarised in a recent updated study of telephone anomalies (Cooper, 2014, p. 211) However, it is argued that some of the methodological criticisms raised deserve further response in defence of the researchers. This paper presents a collective summary of these critiques (following extensive searches for such reviews) and rejoinders.
Profiling of Customers and Consumers Customer Loyalty Programmes and Scoring Practices
Venue: Profiling the European Citizen
Year: 2008

Profiling is increasingly being applied to customers and consumers. The main purposes are risk assessment and fraud prevention, for example in the financial sector and the housing industry (also called scoring) and advertising and market research, for example via customer loyalty programmes. Within this article both areas of application of profiling practice are described and analysed concerning the technical and legal aspects, especially with respect to the European Data Protection Directive 95/46 EC (hereafter, the abbreviation D 95/46 EC is used) In the first section of this chapter general types of customer loyalty programmes (two party and three party contracts) are described. The legal aspects, elaborated in detail in the study "Kundenbindungssysteme und Datenschutz" commissioned by the "Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband e.V. (vzbv)" and carried out by the Independent Centre for Privacy Protection (ICPP) are mapped to the corresponding articles of the D 95/46 EC and summarised. This section concludes with a good practice example, the LN Card, a customer loyalty programme that can be used by the readers of a local German newspaper, the "Lubecker Nachrichten" (LN) This programme was awarded with a regional privacy seal in 2004. In the second section of this chapter a definition of scoring and a general description of credit scoring practices is given, which highlights the difference between credit scoring applied by a credit institute and credit scoring operated by a credit information agency (third party service) In this context the most common criteria employed in the scoring process will be described. This is followed by a technical classification of the scoring practices and a legal analysis focused on three aspects. These aspects include criteria that have to be met to achieve a scoring practice that complies with Article 7 of D 95/46 EC, conditions under which scoring becomes an "automated individual decision" in the context of Article 15 of the D 95/46 EC and the need for transparency from the perspective of the customer.
Identification of the pollen self incompatibility determinant in Papaver rhoeas
Venue: Nature
Year: 2009

Higher plants produce seed through pollination, using specific interactions between pollen and pistil. Self incompatibility is an important mechanism used in many species to prevent inbreeding; it is controlled by a multi allelic S locus. 'Self' (incompatible) pollen is discriminated from 'non self' (compatible) pollen by interaction of pollen and pistil S locus components, and is subsequently inhibited. In Papaver rhoeas, the pistil S locus product is a small protein that interacts with incompatible pollen, triggering a Ca2+ dependent signalling network, resulting in pollen inhibition and programmed cell death. Here we have cloned three alleles of a highly polymorphic pollen expressed gene, PrpS (Papaver rhoeas pollen S) from Papaver and provide evidence that this encodes the pollen S locus determinant. PrpS is a single copy gene linked to the pistil S gene (currently called S, but referred to hereafter as PrsS for Papaver rhoeas stigma S determinant) Sequence analysis indicates that PrsS and PrpS are equally ancient and probably co evolved. PrpS encodes a novel ~20 kDa protein. Consistent with predictions that it is a transmembrane protein, PrpS is associated with the plasma membrane. We show that a predicted extracellular loop segment of PrpS interacts with PrsS and, using PrpS antisense oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that PrpS is involved in S specific inhibition of incompatible pollen. Identification of PrpS represents a major advance in our understanding of the Papaver self incompatibility system. As a novel cell cell recognition determinant it contributes to the available information concerning the origins and evolution of cell cell recognition systems involved in discrimination between self and non self, which also include histocompatibility systems in primitive chordates and vertebrates.
New digital background calibration method for pipelined ADCs
Year: 2020

Pipelined analog to digital converters (ADCs) are widely used in electronic circuits. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new digital background calibration method to correct the capacitor mismatch, finite direct current (DC) gain and nonlinearity of residue amplifiers in pipelined ADCs.,The errors are corrected by defining new functions based on generalized Newton Raphson algorithm. Although the functions have analytical solutions, an iterative procedure is used for calibration. To accelerate the calibration process, proper initialization for the errors is identified by using evaluation estimation block and solving inverse matrix.,Several behavioral simulations of a 12 bit 100MS/s pipelined ADC in MATLAB indicate that signal to (noise distortion) ratio (SNDR) and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) are improved from 30dB/33dB to 70dB/79dB after calibration. Calibration is achieved in approximately 2,000 clock cycles.,The digital part of the proposed method is implemented on field programmable gate array to validate the performance of the pipelined ADC. The experimental result shows that the degradation of SNDR, SFDR, integral nonlinearity, differential nonlinearity and effective number of bits is negligible according to fixed point operation vs floating point in simulation results.,The novelty of this study is to use Newton Raphson algorithm combined with appropriate initialization to reduce the number of divisions as well as calibration time, which is suitable in the recent nano meter complementary metal oxide semiconductor technologies.
Effect of Processing Technique Factors on Structure and Photophysical Properties of Perovskite Absorption Layer by Using Two Step Spin Coating Method
Year: 2020

The investigation of crystal growth is crucial for us to improve the film quality and photophysical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) In the two step spin coating process, the crystal structure could be modulated by controlling the growth conditions of PbI2 and CH3NH3I (MAI) layers. In this paper, the PbI2 layer was treated with annealing under different times. A liquid liquid diffusion (LLD) mechanism is proposed to modify the deposition of MAI precursor solution and enhance the flatness of organic inorganic hybrid perovskite film. Furthermore, the perovskite films are prepared using different concentrations of MAI. The evolution process of perovskite structure is observed by modulating the concentration of MAI. The spin coating of moderate MAI tends to form high quality MAPbI3 films with enhanced absorption and carrier extraction capabilities. The high concentration of MAI would cause the perovskite phase transition, which provides a novel perspective to modulate the structure of organic inorganic hybrid perovskite in the two step spin coating process, although it deteriorates the device performance.
Bayesian Graph Convolution LSTM for Skeleton Based Action Recognition
Venue: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
Year: 2019

We propose a framework for recognizing human actions from skeleton data by modeling the underlying dynamic process that generates the motion pattern. We capture three major factors that contribute to the complexity of the motion pattern including spatial dependencies among body joints, temporal dependencies of body poses, and variation among subjects in action execution. We utilize graph convolution to extract structure aware feature representation from pose data by exploiting the skeleton anatomy. Long short term memory (LSTM) network is then used to capture the temporal dynamics of the data. Finally, the whole model is extended under the Bayesian framework to a probabilistic model in order to better capture the stochasticity and variation in the data. An adversarial prior is developed to regularize the model parameters to improve the generalization of the model. A Bayesian inference problem is formulated to solve the classification task. We demonstrate the benefit of this framework in several benchmark datasets with recognition under various generalization conditions.
The Shared Cultural Experience: A Comparison of Religious Memes Created by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints, Religious Media, and Church Members
Year: 2017

Previous research suggests that Internet memes give voice to and unite otherwise silent and scattered social groups, making them popular in the most contemporary forms of practiced religion (Burroughs Feller, 2015) This article aims to understand how religious institutions are utilizing memes to create a religious cultural experience compared to independent entities catering to the same audience. Researchers conducted a quantitative content analysis of 826 memes published by three distinct, interconnected entities affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints, including official Church organizations, unofficial Church organizations, and users with ties to the faith. Memes were examined for their content, form, and stance (Shifman, 2013) An analysis revealed that the LDS Church used its memes to present more serious, inspirational content, while users created memes that were more light hearted and mixed LDS culture with pop culture. However, unofficial sources created more memes promoting LDS beliefs.
Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor
Venue: Science
Year: 2014

A possible sighting of Majorana states Nearly 80 years ago, the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana proposed the existence of an unusual type of particle that is its own antiparticle, the so called Majorana fermion. The search for a free Majorana fermion has so far been unsuccessful, but bound Majorana like collective excitations may exist in certain exotic superconductors. Nadj Perge et al. created such a topological superconductor by depositing iron atoms onto the surface of superconducting lead, forming atomic chains (see the Perspective by Lee) They then used a scanning tunneling microscope to observe enhanced conductance at the ends of these chains at zero energy, where theory predicts Majorana states should appear. Science, this issue p. 602; see also p. 547 Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to observe signatures of Majorana states at the ends of iron atom chains.
Covering Spheres with Spheres
Venue: Discret. Comput. Geom.
Year: 2007

Given a sphere of any radius r in an n dimensional Euclidean space, we study the coverings of this sphere with solid spheres of radius one. Our goal is to design a covering of the lowest covering density, which defines the average number of solid spheres covering a point in a bigger sphere. For growing dimension n, we design a covering that gives the covering density of order (nln n)/2 for a sphere of any radius r>1 and a complete Euclidean space. This new upper bound reduces two times the order nln n established in the classic Rogers bound.
Effect of detergents on alkaline invertase and alkaline phosphatase activity of fungi Mucor plumbeus Bonord, 1864, Aspergillus Niger Tiegh, 1867 and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, 1969
Year: 2020

Due to their diverse metabolic potential, many filamentous fungi have a great ability for degradation of different waste substances. The present research was aimed to investigate ability of fungi Mucor plumbeus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum, isolated from sewer and industrial waste water, to conduct degradation of high concentrations of commercial detergent (0.3% Within enzyme extracts of samples taken during period of 3 16 days, activity of alkaline invertase and alkaline phosphatase was followed spectrophotometrically at room temperature. Obtained results proved that all examined fungi affected degradation of detergent. Quality (inhibition/stimulation) and quantity of action of detergent on activity of investigated enzymes depended on fungal species and incubation period. The highest inhibiting effect of detergent was recorded on 9 day of incubation in samples of T. harzianum and A. niger, while its most obvious stimulating effect was noticed on 3 day of incubation in samples of T. harzianum and M. plumbeus. Investigated fungi can be used for purification of waste water containing high concentrations of detergent.