nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hitchhiking Behavior in Bacteriophages Facilitates Phage Infection and Enhances Carrier Bacteria Colonization.
Venue: Environmental science technology
Year: 2020

Interactions between bacteriophages (phages) and biofilms remain poorly understood despite the broad implications for microbial ecology, water quality, and microbiome engineering. Here, we demonstrate that lytic coliphage PHH01 can hitchhike on carrier bacteria Bacillus cereus to facilitate its infection of host bacteria, Escherichia coli, in biofilms. Specifically, PHH01 could adsorb onto the flagella of B. cereus, and thus phage motility was increased, resulting in 4.36 fold more effective infection of E. coli in biofilm relative to free PHH01 alone. Moreover, phage infection mitigated interspecies competition and enhanced B. cereus colonization; the fraction of B. cereus in the final biofilm increased from 9% without phages to 43% with phages. The mutualistic relationship between the coliphage and carrier bacteria was substantiated by migration tests on an E. coli lawn: the conjugation of PHH01 and B. cereus enhanced B. cereus colonization by 6.54 fold compared to B. cereus alone (6.15 vs 0.94 cm2 in 24 h) and PHH01 migration by 5.15 fold compared to PHH01 alone (10.3 vs 2.0 mm in 24 h) Metagenomic and electron microscopic analysis revealed that the phages of diverse taxonomies and different morphologies could be adsorbed by the flagella of B. cereus, suggesting hitchhiking on flagellated bacteria might be a widespread strategy in aquatic phage populations. Overall, our study highlights that hitchhiking behavior in phages can facilitate phage infection of biofilm bacteria, promote carrier bacteria colonization, and thus significantly influence biofilm composition, which holds promise for mediating biofilm functions and moderating associated risks.
Evolutionary Implications of Tooth Attachment Versus Tooth Implantation: A Case Study Using Dinosaur, Crocodilian, and Mammal Teeth
Venue: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Year: 2017

Tooth attachment and implantation are two classical descriptors of dental anatomy. Tooth attachment distinguishes between teeth that are either fused to the jaw by bone, or suspended within a socket by a periodontal ligament. Tooth implantation describes the geometry of this attachment and has been broadly divided into acrodonty, pleurodonty, and thecodonty. Among extant amniotes, only mammals and crocodilians are considered truly thecodont, because they possess a complex attachment system that includes a periodontal ligament and true tooth sockets. These two amniote groups diverged from a common ancestor over 300 million years ago and are thought to have evolved thecodonty independently. This view has recently come under a great deal of scrutiny with the discovery of complex tooth attachment systems, including the presence of a ligamentous tooth attachment in numerous non mammalian, non crocodilian amniotes. This has spurred debate and inconsistencies over the conventional usage of tooth attachment and implantation categories and their evolutionary significance. We provide a comparative histological approach for describing tooth attachment and implantation in an exemplary, traditionally thecodont taxonomic group: the non avian dinosaurs. The comparisons between theropod, hadrosaurid, and ceratopsid teeth show that all dinosaurs have ligamentous tooth attachments composed of identical dental tissues to those in mammals and crocodilians, but they show a diverse array of tooth attachment geometries, replacement modes, and bone architectures supporting the dentition. The methodology we follow allows researchers to tease apart phylogenetically and functionally significant features of tooth attachment and implantation that could be used in future studies.
Graph Relation Network: Modeling Relations Between Scenes for Multilabel Remote Sensing Image Classification and Retrieval
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Year: 2021

Due to the proliferation of large scale remote sensing (RS) archives with multiple annotations, multilabel RS scene classification and retrieval are becoming increasingly popular. Although some recent deep learning based methods are able to achieve promising results in this context, the lack of research on how to learn embedding spaces under the multilabel assumption often makes these models unable to preserve complex semantic relations pervading aerial scenes, which is an important limitation in RS applications. To fill this gap, we propose a new graph relation network (GRN) for multilabel RS scene categorization. Our GRN is able to model the relations between samples (or scenes) by making use of a graph structure which is fed into network learning. For this purpose, we define a new loss function called scalable neighbor discriminative loss with binary cross entropy (SNDL BCE) that is able to embed the graph structures through the networks more effectively. The proposed approach can guide deep learning techniques (such as convolutional neural networks) to a more discriminative metric space, where semantically similar RS scenes are closely embedded and dissimilar images are separated from a novel multilabel viewpoint. To achieve this goal, our GRN jointly maximizes a weighted leave one out <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$K$ /tex math>/inline formula> nearest neighbors <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$K$ /tex math>/inline formula>NN) score in the training set, where the weight matrix describes the contributions of the nearest neighbors associated with each RS image on its class decision, and the likelihood of the class discrimination in the multilabel scenario. An extensive experimental comparison, conducted on three multilabel RS scene data archives, validates the effectiveness of the proposed GRN in terms of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$K$ /tex math>/inline formula>NN classification and image retrieval. The codes of this article will be made publicly available for reproducible research in the community.
Vertical Phase Separation in Poly(3 hexylthiophene) Fullerene Derivative Blends and its Advantage for Inverted Structure Solar Cells
Year: 2009

A method which enables the investigation of the buried interfaces without altering the properties of the polymer films is used to study vertical phase separation of spin coated poly(3 hexylthiophene) (P3HT):fullerene derivative blends. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis reveals the P3HT enrichment at the free (air) surfaces and abundance of fullerene derivatives at the organic/substrate interfaces. The vertical phase separation is attributed to the surface energy difference of the components and their interactions with the substrates. This inhomogeneous distribution of the donor and acceptor components significantly affects photovoltaic device performance and makes the inverted device structure a promising choice.
Effect of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on serum potassium and sodium levels
Venue: Journal of pharmacology pharmacotherapeutics
Year: 2011

To study the effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on potassium and sodium levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke.  Sixty patients were recruited with 30 patients each receiving heparin and enoxaparin. Patients with CVD and stroke receiving heparin and LMWH were compared for their demographic profile and laboratory data, and this was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Risk factors associated with the development of hyperkalemia were analyzed using multiple logistic regression model.  There was an increase in potassium levels and decrease in sodium levels compared with baseline in both the groups. The difference between the groups with respect to sodium and potassium levels was not statistically significant. On analysis, the risk factors for development of hyperkalemia were baseline potassium levels, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance. The change in sodium and potassium levels on the fifth day of therapy was increased with LMWH compared with heparin, although not statistically significant.  The clinician should anticipate hyperkalemia especially in patients with renal impairment receiving these drugs.
Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis: Role in Hepatosteatosis and Diabetes
Venue: Diabetes
Year: 2020

Hepatosteatosis, which is frequently associated with development of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, manifests when triglyceride (TG) input in the liver is greater than TG output, resulting in the excess accumulation of TG. Dysregulation of lipogenesis therefore has the potential to increase lipid accumulation in the liver, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recently, efforts have been made to examine the epigenetic regulation of metabolism by histone modifying enzymes that alter chromatin accessibility for activation or repression of transcription. For regulation of lipogenic gene transcription, various known lipogenic transcription factors, such as USF1, ChREBP, and LXR, interact with and recruit specific histone modifiers, directing specificity toward lipogenesis. Alteration or impairment of the functions of these histone modifiers can lead to dysregulation of lipogenesis and thus hepatosteatosis leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Making cyber security a strategic business priority
Venue: Netw. Secur.
Year: 2018

Five years ago, cyber security wasn't something you'd necessarily associate with daily business practice. Lines of code felt meaningless and the concept itself still seemed futuristic. Most companies were unwilling to overhaul their entire strategies to combat this potential threat, and an 'it won't happen to me' attitude was commonplace. No longer can security be viewed as a prohibited silo residing outside of key boardroom discussions. An organisation's security strategy must be aligned with business strategy and integral to the senior leadership's decision making process. For organisations to operate safely in the contemporary threat landscape, they need to make sure they are consistently evaluating the effectiveness of their defences to be as secure as possible. At the same time they must ensure that they are utilising the most modern solutions and have the right expertise at hand, explains Lee James of Rackspace.
Induction of Chirality in Two Dimensional Nanomaterials: Chiral 2D MoS2 Nanostructures.
Venue: ACS nano
Year: 2018

Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been intensively investigated due to their interesting properties and range of potential applications. Although most research has focused on graphene, atomic layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and particularly MoS2 have gathered much deserved attention recently. Here, we report the induction of chirality into 2D chiral nanomaterials by carrying out liquid exfoliation of MoS2 in the presence of chiral ligands (cysteine and penicillamine) in water. This processing resulted in exfoliated chiral 2D MoS2 nanosheets showing strong circular dichroism signals, which were far past the onset of the original chiral ligand signals. Using theoretical modeling, we demonstrated that the chiral nature of MoS2 nanosheets is related to the presence of chiral ligands causing preferential folding of the MoS2 sheets. There was an excellent match between the theoretically calculated and experimental spectra. We believe that, due to their high aspect ratio planar morphology, chiral 2D nanomaterials could offer great opportunities for the development of chiroptical sensors, materials, and devices for valleytronics and other potential applications. In addition, chirality plays a key role in many chemical and biological systems, with chiral molecules and materials critical for the further development of biopharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, and this research therefore should have a strong impact on relevant areas of science and technology such as nanobiotechnology, nanomedicine, and nanotoxicology.
Foreign Aid vs Military Intervention in the War on Terror
Year: 2009

This paper presents a theoretical framework and some empirical results showing that the level of foreign aid received reduces the supply of terrorist attacks from recipient countries, while US military interventions are liable to increase this supply. Due account is taken of endogeneity problems in producing these results. They suggest that Western democracies, which are the main targets of terrorist attacks, should invest more funds in foreign aid, with a special emphasis on supporting education, and use military interventions more sparingly.
Ultrasensitive dual signal ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for neuron specific enolase based on Au nanoparticles@Pd nanoclusters poly(bismarck brown Y) and dendritic AuPt nanoassemblies
Year: 2020

Neuron specific enolase (NSE) is viewed as a tumor marker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, whose facile and sensitive detection is critical for clinical diagnosis. In this work, core shell Au nanoparticles @Pd nanoclusters poly(bismarck brown Y) (Au@Pd P(BBY) and hierarchically dendritic AuPt nanoassemblies (AuPt NAs) were synthesized independently by a one pot aqueous method. A dual signal ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor was developed for ultrasensitive determination of NSE based on ferrocene grafted Au@Pd P(BBY) (Fc g Au@Pd P(BBY) and reduced graphene oxide/thionine decorated AuPt NAs (rGO/Thi/AuPt NAs) Under optimal conditions, the changes in the peak currents linearly correlate to the NSE concentrations in the wide range of 0.0001 50.0 ng mL 1 with ultralow detection limit (0.03 pg mL 1, S/N 3) The aptasensor was explored in a diluted human serum sample with acceptable results, showing its great potential in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Analysis on Factors Influencing Normal School Students Participating in Extracurricular Sports Activity Taking Four Universities in Shanxi Province as Example
Year: 2012

Taking normal college students in four universities of Shanxiprovince as research subject,andusing the method of literature review,questionnaire and mathematical statistics,this paper explored the factors influencing students' taking part in extracurricular physical exercise,based on students' basic cognition on physical education.The result shows that student's cognition on physical education,emotion and frequency of attending physical exercise are coordinative.The decrease of playing ground,no time and lack of sports skills are the major restricted factors.On the contrary,physical educationcourse,atmosphere of physical exercise in school,the lead of classmates and friends play important parts in student's active participation.Therefore,this paper provides some suggestions on the above research results,aiming to enrich and promote extracurricular physical education in colleges and offer beneficial reference for deepening physical education teaching reform in normal colleges.
Fault Identification and Mitigation in Seven Level Cascaded H Bridge Inverter for Vehicular Application
Year: 2015

National efforts to improve air quality in heavily populated urban communities by reducing vehicular tailpipe emissions have rekindled interest in the development of electric vehicle technology and infrastructure. Electric vehicles make ideal urban commuter vehicles, for driving to and from. To fulfill increasing demand for higher dependability in power semiconductor converters applicable in electrical vehicles, fault detection (FD) and mitigation is a very important. During this study, a model based on open semiconductor switch fault and closed semiconductor switch fault designation methodology is conferred for a voltage source electrical inverter (VSI) supply a Squirrel Induction motor drive. To understand this goal, a model based designed by using simulink. After that, the model is studied with and while not of each open and short faults. Afterwards, the planned FD technique identifies the faults within the H bridge cell. The conferred FD technique is easy and fast; additionally, it's able to sight multiple open switch or open faults in distinction to standard ways. On the opposite aspect, so as to mitigate the occurred faults, the fault occurred switch leg of the cell has been shorted.
VOLUNTEER TOURISM 'INVOLVE ME AND I WILL LEARN'
Year: 2009

Voluntourism or volunteer tourism is increasingly available and popular amongst everyday tourists in different parts of the world. Despite its seeming virtue and it often being positioned as a form of "justice" or "goodwill" tourism, critics in the public media have begun to question and criticize the effectiveness or "real" value of volunteer tourism. However, academic work has not yet critiqued volunteer tourism in the same manner. This paper thus provides a critical and timely review of volunteer tourism, using interviews and participant observation with 11 respondents on a volunteer tourism trip to South Africa. This paper reviews volunteer tourists' motivations (what prompted their participation) performances of the "self" in volunteer tourism; and the tensions and paradoxes surrounding volunteer tourism.
Integracion de la economia con la psicologia: Richard H. Thaler, premio novel de economia 2017 [Integration of the economy with psicology: Richard H. Thaler, nobel prize of economy 2017]
Year: 2018

This paper aims to analyze the main contributions of Richard H. Thaler to the sci ence of behavioral economics, which have been considered to grant him the Nobel Prize Sveriges Riksbank of Economics in 2017. His contributions incorporate psy chology into the economic decision making processes departing from instrumental rationality and the theory of rational choice to contribute to the generation of a new perspective in economic theory and economic policy. The method used is funda mentally analytical descriptive based on a review of his main publications. Finally, it is concluded that Thaler and his collaborators exert a relevant infl uence when generating a new frame of reference to explain and predict economic results from an approximation of limited rational behavior, the theory of limited accounting and the model of planer maker under the concept of nudge which have an impact on the design and implementation of public policies
Exploring the cognitive and affective bases of online purchase intentions: a hierarchical test across product types
Venue: Electron. Commer. Res.
Year: 2018

Whereas there is ample e commerce research on how online store beliefs and consumer online affective states may influence online purchase intentions, no research so far has examined whether the hierarchy of effects between these concepts differs across product types. In this study, we fill this research gap by examining the explanatory power of the think feel do hierarchy versus the feel think do hierarchy in predicting online purchase intentions towards search versus experience products and high involvement versus low involvement products. Hypotheses are formulated and tested using a quasi field experiment (n 198) design. The results show the robustness of the think feel do hierarchy for three out of four product types (experience, low involvement, high involvement) Remarkably, the results also demonstrate that the formation of online purchase intentions for search products may occur via a more experiential form of online purchase decision making. Implications of our findings for theory and online store practitioners are discussed.
India's Pharmaceutical Industry: Global Supply Chain and Governance in the Post COVID 19 World
Year: 2020

COVID 19 has halted the world with significant impacts on human lives and economies. Humanity is facing the biggest challenge since the Second World War. As the world grapples with this pandemic, questions are also being raised about China's role in the COVID 19 outbreak. The issues that are being debated include the current model of the supply chain and the need to diversify from China, global governance, and crisis management in the Post COVID 19 world. In this context, this paper examines the significant role that India's pharmaceutical industry can play to establish India's rightful place among nations providing global leadership in the Post COVID 19 world.
Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) Processing of Meat
Year: 2006

A PEF treatment can be utilized to enhance processes where mass transport is required, such as drying, marination or curing of meat products. Salt (often in combination with phosphate or nitrite) is applied for preservation; spices are added to develop taste and aroma profiles. In case of raw ham (Parmaor Serrano type) a long term curing and air drying is applied. It was shown that the fermentation of raw sausages (Salami type) can be accelerated by improving the availability of intracellular liquid. A PEF treatment of whole pig haunches during production of Serrano type ham revealed an increased uptake of salt after hand salting. The impact of a PEF treatment at a field strength from 1 to 3 kV/cm on drying of pork meat was investigated. For production of cooked ham pickling brine was injected, the impact of a PEF treatment, the addition of phosphate and application of a tumbling step on water binding capacity was investigated. The impact of electric field strength, pulse number and addition of water binding agents such as phosphate was investigated. It has been shown that after a PEF treatment at 2 kV/cm and 100 pulses the brine distribution within the tissue of pork meat can be improved using a commercially available injector. Water binding capacity has been improved, resulting in a reduction of weight loss during cooking as well as softer structure of final product. REM micrographs revealed an impact of PEF improved microdiffusion on meat tissue structure. At present an industrial scale prototype is on its way to realisation. IUFoST 2006
Synergetic Urban Landscape Planning in Rotterdam Liveable Low Carbon Cities
Year: 2018

In this PhD research, the major environmental challenges of our time, such as climate change, sustainable energy transition and scarcity of resources, are approached from a spatial, landscape architectural perspective. The goal is to accelerate the transition to liveable, low carbon cities. The focus of the research is at the local scale and attempts to turn challenges into opportunities for a better quality of life and living environment. Since 1857, when Frederick Law Olmsted combined the construction of two large drinking water reservoirs for the city of New York with the design of a beautiful park, these types of assignments are part of a landscape architect's job. At that time, the issue was to solve the problem of drinking water while now we are concerned about solving the combination of very diverse and different flows. This renders the assignment more complex but certainly no less landscape architectonic. As part of this research, many functions, flows, areas and actors in the urban landscape system of Rotterdam have been studied. This research focuses on the development, design and testing of new approaches to strengthen existing urban qualities and to tackle problems in such a way that positive effects for other functions (synergies) arise at the same time in order to improve the quality of life in cities.