nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influenza del degrado e danneggiamento dovuto a corrosione sulla risposta sismica di edifici per strutture in cemento armato Influence of damage caused by corrosion on the seismic response of buildings for reinforced concrete structures
Year: 2019

La valutazione della vulnerabilita degli edifici in c.a. esistenti e un problema rilevante al giorno d'oggi per tutto il territorio italiano. Lo studio di tale aspetto diventa primario per la determinazione del livello di sicurezza a seguito di un evento sismico. L'evoluzione scientifica che si e avuta negli ultimi anni accompagnata dalla nascita di Normative, atte alla messa in sicurezza di edifici in campo sismico, ha permesso di realizzare strutture come edifici, ponti, viadotti in grado di soddisfare gli stati limite richiesti. Tuttavia gran parte delle costruzioni di interesse ingegneristico risalgono ad un periodo in cui la conoscenza strutturale era molto limitata dunque per tali strutture e necessario un adeguamento sismico. Il problema della vulnerabilita e connesso alla durabilita delle strutture in c.a. che nella maggior parte dei casi e dovuto alla corrosione. La corrosione delle armature si origina o da [CO] _2 la quale a contatto con il calcestruzzo ne varia la composizione chimica, o da cloruri. I cloruri sono presenti all'interno del calcestruzzo per due motivi: per via del confezionamento per via della penetrazione dall'ambiente esterno In quest'ultimo caso la struttura puo essere a diretto contatto con acque marine o salmastre, aerosol marini o sali disgelanti. A causa della morfologia della corrosione, studi di letteratura hanno evidenziato riduzioni di resistenza e duttilita sezionale fino al 25% a fronte di una esposizione di 70 anni. Per tali motivi l'effetto della corrosione puo essere rilevante per la risposta sismica di un edificio in c.a. esistente, e dunque nel presente lavoro si e modellato un edificio tridimensionale in c.a. soggetto a corrosione delle armature attraverso il software agli elementi finiti ADINA
Hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus obliquus using a novel catalyst derived from clam shells: Solid residue as catalyst for hydrogen production.
Venue: Bioresource technology
Year: 2020

This study explores the catalytic application of waste clam shell in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus) for liquid hydrocarbons production. Novel catalyst (calcium hydroxide) was derived from clam shells. Catalytic HTL was performed at varying temperature of 240 320 degC for catalyst load (0.2 1 wt% at a reaction time of 60 min. Bio oil yield was maximum (39.6 wt% at a temperature of 300 degC for catalyst load of 0.6 wt% at a reaction time of 60 min with calorific value of 35.01 MJ/kg. Compounds like phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, acids and aldehydes were detected in bio oil through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC MS) Gasification of microalgae with waste solid residue obtained from HTL was carried out for hydrogen production. Valuable hydrogen gas production was maximum (37 wt% at a temperature of 400 degC for 3 wt% of solid residue. Water gas shift, methanation and steam reforming reactions favoured the hydrogen gas production.
Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials.
Venue: Chemical reviews
Year: 2014

Jenny Schneider, Masaya Matsuoka, Masato Takeuchi, Jinlong Zhang, Yu Horiuchi, Masakazu Anpo, and Detlef W. Bahnemann* +Institut fur Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D 30167 Hannover, Germany +Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1 Gakuen cho, Sakai Osaka 599 8531, Japan Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Tumor Immunology and Tumor Evolution: Intertwined Histories.
Venue: Immunity
Year: 2020

Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross talk between the tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor immunology and the advances, in lockstep, of our understanding of cancer as a disease. We discuss the involvement of different immune cells at distinct stages of tumor progression and how immune contexture determinants shaping tumor development are being exploited therapeutically. Current clinical stratification schemes focus on the tumor histopathology and the molecular characteristics of the tumor cell. We argue for the importance of revising these stratification systems to include immune parameters so as to address the immediate need for improved prognostic and/or predictive information to guide clinical decisions.
Remedies for violations of Indigenous peoples' human rights
Venue: University of Toronto Law Journal
Year: 2019

Current Canadian law on remedies for violations of Indigenous peoples' rights is quite limited. It is limited in part because, under Canadian law, the protection of Indigenous rights is limited. The ability of governments to justifiably limit these rights means that, even if a claimant successfully proves an interference with a right, it often seems as though the courts defer to the government's arguments on the need to limit the right, undermining the goal of constitutionally entrenching these rights. In contrast to domestic jurisprudence, international human rights bodies have ordered fairly robust remedies that both vindicate rights and are meant to deter government from engaging in activities that further violate Indigenous peoples' rights. As expressed here, the challenge of gaining effective remedies in Canada is intimately linked to the challenge of poor rights recognition in Canada. This article begins with a brief discussion of why Indigenous peoples have turned to international human rights law for recognition and protection of their rights to further highlight the need to bring these international standards into Canadian domestic law. Next, the article briefly considers some of the rights that are generally protected in international human rights law, including how the understanding of these rights has evolved over time to demonstrate the similarity with the issues that are raised domestically in Canada to support the argument that Canadian courts should be guided by international reparation orders for violations of Indigenous peoples' rights. The article then overviews some of the remedies ordered from various international human rights bodies for violations of Indigenous peoples' rights and the function these orders play in the protection of Indigenous peoples' rights. The article concludes with some recommendations for Canadian courts on how remedies could be ordered to better protect Indigenous peoples' rights and deter government action that violates these rights.
Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Cervical Cancer: Results From the Phase II KEYNOTE 158 Study.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Year: 2019

) is a phase II basket study investigating the antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in multiple cancer types. We present interim results from patients with previously treated advanced cervical cancer.  Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for 2 years or until progression, intolerable toxicity, or physician or patient decision. Tumor imaging was performed every 9 weeks for the first 12 months and every 12 weeks thereafter. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1) by independent central radiologic review. Safety was a secondary end point.  Ninety eight patients were treated. Median age was 46.0 years (range, 24 to 75 years) and 65.3% of patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1. Eighty two patients (83.7% had programmed death ligand 1 (PD L1) positive tumors (combined positive score 1) 77 having previously received one or more lines of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease. Median follow up was 10.2 months (range, 0.6 to 22.7 months) ORR was 12.2% (95% CI, 6.5% to 20.4% with three complete and nine partial responses. All 12 responses were in patients with PD L1 positive tumors, for an ORR of 14.6% (95% CI, 7.8% to 24.2% 14.3% (95% CI, 7.4% to 24.1% of these responses were in those who had received one or more lines of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease. Median duration of response was not reached (range, 3.7 to 18.6 months) Treatment related adverse events occurred in 65.3% of patients, and the most common were hypothyroidism (10.2% decreased appetite (9.2% and fatigue (9.2% Treatment related grade 3 to 4 adverse events occurred in 12.2% of patients.  Pembrolizumab monotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced cervical cancer. On the basis of these results, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced PD L1 positive cervical cancer who experienced progression during or after chemotherapy.
IoTCop: A Blockchain Based Monitoring Framework for Detection and Isolation of Malicious Devices in Internet of Things Systems
Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Year: 2021

Unlike conventional servers housed in a centralized and secured indoor environment (e.g. data centers) Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as sensor/actuator are geographically distributed and may be closely located to the physical systems where IoT devices are utilized. However, the resource constrained nature of IoT devices limits their capacity to deploy sophisticated security solutions. The proposed approach assumes that a device can be compromised and hence, the need to be able to automatically isolate the compromised device(s) In order to enforce security policies even when devices are compromised, we propose using blockchain in the monitoring framework. Unlike existing centralized or distributed security solutions (which do not consider the possibility that the solutions themselves can be compromised) the proposed blockchain based framework can enforce the security policies as long as a majority of the devices are not compromised. By employing the permissioned blockchain (Hyperledger Fabric) and add on hardware modules, the proposed framework offers significantly lower latency and overhead compared to permissionless blockchain frameworks (e.g. Ethereum) and allows existing IoT devices to join the framework without modification.
Region based adaptive binarization for optical character recognition purposes
Venue: 2018 International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop (IIPhDW)
Year: 2018

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) applications usually require the use of uniformly illuminated images which can be obtained using the flatbed scanners. However, rapid development of mobile technologies causes the growing popularity of document images captured by built in cameras being the integral parts of modern mobile phones and tablets. Many companies and administration offices accept not only the scanned documents but also high resolution photos which can be enough e.g. for insurance purposes. Unfortunately such images can be unevenly illuminated causing some problems for the OCR applications used for text recognition especially if the QR, Aztec or some other popular 2D codes are not present. Proper text recognition from camera images requires image preprocessing including its binarization which cannot be conducted using typical global thresholding due to the presence of local intensity changes. On the other hand the use of pixel based adaptive methods is time consuming and not always leads to satisfactory results. To fill this gap and balance the recognition accuracy and high processing speed a region based approach to image binarization is proposed in this paper being an extension of well known Niblack thresholding algorithm.
Using Inquiry Based Methods to Teach Spatial Statistics
Year: 2020

Spatial statistics and experimental design are among the most important topics students in the environmental and ecological sciences learn and utilize throughout their careers. These topics are also among the most difficult for students to learn, often due to the use of contrived data sets that present simplified and unrealistic scenarios that fail to engage students in higher level thinking. One way to engage students in higher level thinking is to use an inquiry based pedagogical framework. The use of inquiry as a pedagogical approach should be instinctive for most scientists, as it mimics how science is conducted, yet most instructors continue to use lecture based, textbook driven instructional formats. This type of approach is efficient in covering material, but it suffers in its ability to engage students or enhance learning. Using a Bigfoot data set in an inquiry based framework, students in a cross listed graduate/undergraduate statistics class learned ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression techniques. These techniques are among the most frequently applied analyses in the natural sciences. The use of a Bigfoot data set engaged students' interest, rendering the prospect of learning regression topics as an emergent property of their interest and engagement. This approach also has an additional benefit in that students learned not only key statistical concepts but also learn how to self diagnose deficiencies with their models as well as how to identify strategies to overcome these deficiencies. We hope that both instructors and students in graduate and undergraduate statistics or spatial modeling courses find this case study, and included data sets, a useful and interesting approach to teach and learn regression and spatial regression.
The contribution of early home literacy activities to first grade reading and writing achievements in Arabic
Year: 2013

This longitudinal study assessed the literacy development of native Arabic speaking children from kindergarten to the end of first grade, focusing on the role of home literacy activities (mother child shared book reading and joint writing) The contribution of these activities in kindergarten to children's reading and writing at the end of first grade were evaluated, controlling for family SES and children's early skills (vocabulary and letter naming) Eighty eight Arabic speaking children and their mothers participated in the study. Results revealed that family SES, children's early skills and home literacy activities in kindergarten correlated with children's achievements at the end of first grade. Joint writing contributed significantly to children's literacy in first grade and the contribution of shared reading was almost significant. Joint writing was found to contribute to children's literacy achievements in first grade beyond book reading. The study extends our knowledge on literacy acquisition in Arabic, highlighting the significance of early parent child literacy activities as a predictor of Arabic speaking children's literacy achievements in school.
Traditional Ratio Analysis in the Airline Business: A Case Study of Leading U.S Carriers
Year: 2018

The paper addresses the traditional ratio analysis in the airline industry based on the U.S example. Given the specificity of the airline industry and its significant vulnerability to adverse changes in economic and business conditions, conducting a ratio analysis aims to reveal the airline industry specific behavior of the selected liquidity, profitability and solvency ratios computed for eight U.S largest airlines over the period 2007 2012 and find out whether known rules of thumb are applicable to the airline industry. Moreover, via traditional ratios the paper examines the financial performance of selected U.S carriers during the given period by identifying major challenges that they are facing. A brief part in the paper is dedicated to the description of the recent developments in the U.S airline industry and historically high fuel prices that will allow us to better understand the behavior of ratios over time.  Airline industry, Ratio analysis, Liquidity, Economic recession, Fuel prices, Earnings, Labor costs.
The VCSEL based array optical transmitter (ATx) development towards 120 Gbps link for collider detector: development update
Year: 2015

A compact radiation tolerant array optical transmitter module (ATx) is developed to provide data transmission up to 10Gbps per channel with 12 parallel channels for collider detector applications. The ATx integrates a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) array and driver circuitry for electrical to optical conversion, an edge warp substrate for the electrical interface and a micro lens array for the optical interface. This paper reports the continuing development of the ATx custom package. A simple, high accuracy and reliable active alignment method for the optical coupling is introduced. The radiation resistance of the optoelectronic components is evaluated and the inclusion of a custom designed array driver is discussed.
Mongolia Assessment Report on Climate Change 2009
Year: 2009

This report brings together the findings of climate change research in Mongolia to raise awareness of decision makers and the general public so that they can develop appropriate responses to the challenges and threats. The content of the Report includes the following: (i) Observed changes in climate of Mongolia and its future projections; (ii) Potential impacts of climate change on natural and ecological components (ecosystem shifts and landscape changes, permafrost, glacier and snow cover, water resource, natural disaster, desertification, dust and sand storms) and social and economic sectors (animal husbandry, arable farming/agriculture, and forestry) of Mongolia; (iii) Vulnerability and Adaptation to climate change; (iv) Greenhouse gas monitoring and inventories; (v) Greenhouse gas mitigation potentials and options; and (ii) Climate friendly technology needs.
Opinion Mining: Legitimate vs Spurious Reviews
Venue: 2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN)
Year: 2020

E Shops reviews have become a valuable source of opinions, feeling, and experience by existing users which marks the failure and success of products and services. A set of favorable reviews proves that the product or service has vended well and users are pleased with them, and opposing reviews effects adversely. These reviews provide worthwhile information that might be used by prospective users to find sentiments of previously preferred users before making any decision or transaction to buy right product or service from E shops. Moreover, service providers, vendors or manufacturers also make use of these reviews to discover public opinion, as well as limitations of their products or services. But, the basic fact about underlying online reviews shows something else. These reviews might be spurious, posted or written with hidden purposes, they often involve helpful or favorable opinion in order to boost, promote, and publicize their products and services, or with pessimistic intention to harm opponent prestige and business as well. So, the exploration and investigation of such reviews before opinion mining is significant. In this paper, a methodology is proposed which includes reviews acquisition using the Tag path clustering approach about mobile devices of different make along with metadata from Flipkart, spurious reviews detection based on identical and nearly identical reviews using semantic similarity with review length. Further, an opinion mining process is carried out by using the lexical database (SentiWordNet) approach for the computation of sentimental degree and orientation of both spurious and legitimate reviews
Developing specific involvement strategies within a psychologically informed planned environment: a service evaluation
Venue: The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice
Year: 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply current understanding of service user involvement (SUI) to forensic practice with reference to the benefits and drawbacks. Specifically, it discusses models of SUI and their application to a psychologically informed planned environment (PIPE) located in a Category C male prison. upon residents' experiences, the evaluation reflects on the contribution of cultural, environmental and political factors to the success or failure of SUI within the PIPE service. evaluation will review current systems and explore ways of improving and strengthening strategies by referring to the "whole systems approach" to SUI (Wright, 2006).Originality/valueThe evaluation makes recommendations for local and national SUI within PIPE services.
Quantification multiparametrique par TEP a la 18F Choline et IRM dans le cancer de la prostate
Year: 2018

Problematique Les parametres fonctionnels extraits en Tomographie par Emission de Positons (TEP) a la 18F Choline (FCH) et en Imagerie par Resonance Magnetique (IRM) apportent ils une information supplementaire par rapports aux informations deja connues pour caracteriser l'agressivite du tissu tumoral Objectifs Notre travail avait pour objectifs tout d'abord (i) de mettre en evidence un eventuel lien entre les parametres quantitatifs extraits par TEP a la FCH et et les parametres clinicopathologiques dans le cancer de la prostate. Apres cette etude preliminaire, pour quantifier au mieux l'influx de FCH par analyse dynamique de l'acquisition precoce, la deuxieme etape avait pour but (ii) d'optimiser cette acquisition. Enfin (iii) le dernier objectif etait de mettre en evidence un eventuel lien entre les parametres quantitatifs extraits par TEP a la FCH et les parametres quantitatifs extraits par IRM multiparametrique. Resultats Pour la premiere etape (i) nous avons compare les parametres quantitatifs extraits par TEP a la FCH et les parametres clinico pathologiques de 61 patients venant en TEP a la FCH pour le bilan d'extension initial. L'influx de FCH mesure par analyse dynamique etait plus eleve pour les patients avec un score de Gleason 4+3 que pour les patients avec un score de Gleason 4 3. Pour la deuxieme etape (ii) nous avons tout d'abord voulu optimiser la duree de l'acquisition precoce de TEP a la FCH en comparant le contraste sur bruit de 77 lesions tumorales a 5 minutes et 10 minutes apres l'injection de FCH. Le contraste sur bruit a 5 minutes n'etait statistiquement pas different de celui a 10 minutes. La deuxieme phase de l'optimisation de l'acquisition precoce de la TEP a la FCH consistait a determiner quel etait le meilleur echantillonnage temporel de ces 5 minutes par la comparaison de 7 echantillonnages temporels differents avec un objectif d'influx de FCH extrait de 37 lesions. L'echantillonnage temporel 12x5" 8x30" a ete retenu. Pour la derniere etape (iii) nous avons compare les parametres TEP et IRM extraits de 14 lesions tumorales prostatiques. L'influx de FCH et la constante de transfert du gadolinium etaient correles, toutefois de maniere moderee (r 0,55) Conclusion L'influx de FCH mesure par analyse dynamique de l'acquisition precoce en TEP semble lie a la differenciation des cancers prostatiques. Cet influx semble egalement lie a la constante de transfert du gadolinium. Ces 2 parametres d'imagerie semblent toutefois quantifier des processus physiopathologiques differents. Les differents resultats obtenus justifient la poursuite des travaux pour evaluer le role de marqueur d'agressivite des cellules cancereuses prostatiques des differents parametres quantitatifs obtenus par imagerie fonctionnelle par TEP a la FCH et par IRM multiparametrique.