nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Data driven inverse optimization with imperfect information
Venue: Math. Program.
Year: 2018

In data driven inverse optimization an observer aims to learn the preferences of an agent who solves a parametric optimization problem depending on an exogenous signal. Thus, the observer seeks the agent's objective function that best explains a historical sequence of signals and corresponding optimal actions. We focus here on situations where the observer has imperfect information, that is, where the agent's true objective function is not contained in the search space of candidate objectives, where the agent suffers from bounded rationality or implementation errors, or where the observed signal response pairs are corrupted by measurement noise. We formalize this inverse optimization problem as a distributionally robust program minimizing the worst case risk that the predicted decision (i.e. the decision implied by a particular candidate objective) differs from the agent's actual response to a random signal. We show that our framework offers rigorous out of sample guarantees for different loss functions used to measure prediction errors and that the emerging inverse optimization problems can be exactly reformulated as (or safely approximated by) tractable convex programs when a new suboptimality loss function is used. We show through extensive numerical tests that the proposed distributionally robust approach to inverse optimization attains often better out of sample performance than the state of the art approaches.
European Battery Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Congress Geneva 14 th 16 th March 2017 Mileage electrification potential of different electric vehicles in Germany
Year: 2017

Electric vehicles (EV) both as battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have noteworthy potential to reduce global and local CO2 emissions. However, the fully exploitable potential depends on the actual vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) that can be electrified. For BEV, the limited range excludes long distance trips from electrification. For PHEV, long distance trips are not excluded but the shorter electric driving range could reduce the miles electrified. The aim of the present paper is to compare the potential to electrify total VKT of BEV and PHEV. We use real world driving data from several 780 German conventional passenger cars that are simulated as BEV and PHEV of different ranges. Furthermore, the CO2 emission reduction potential of both technologies and the influence of battery sizes are analyzed, by combining electrified kilometers with CO2 emission factors. We find PHEV to electrify more miles, both individual VKT as well as total VKT of the overall car fleet for given electric range. The difference in fleet electrification potential is maximal for about 30 km electric range. Compared to conventional vehicles both PHEV and BEV can significantly reduce well to wheel CO2 emissions when using renewable energies for recharging. The maximal reduction potential per vehicle is larger for PHEV and achieved at smaller range than for BEV.
A clean approach of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by using single phase BaSnO3 as solid base catalyst: Mechanism, kinetics E study
Year: 2020

The current policies of govt. of India on biodiesel production and commercialization have encouraged to explore this area widely. In this study barium stannate perovskite was synthesized to evaluate its activity and stability as a solid base catalyst in biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil (WCO) Physicochemical characterizations of the catalyst and feedstock were thoroughly investigated by various techniques. Experimental planning was executed to investigate the impact of various parameters on methyl esterification reaction. 98% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion was achieved at following optimum reaction condition: Ba: Sn atomic ratio 1:1, catalyst activation temperature 850 degC, oil to methanol molar ratio 1 16, catalyst concentration 2.5 wt% temperature 65degC, time 25 min. Catalyst endurance test suggested that the BaSnO3 has the appreciable catalyzing potency and stability for several times use. The characteristic difference in FTIR of fresh catalyst and used catalyst indicated the mode of interaction between catalyst and reactants. On this basis a plausible E R mechanism has been proposed. Kinetic study of the transesterification process by using BaSnO3 revealed that this process was base catalyzed transesterification and followed non spontaneous endothermic pathway. High turnover frequency and low E factor of the catalyst implied that biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by using BaSnO3 was fast, efficient and benign to all environmental prospective.
Multivariate Data Analysis Methodology to Solve Data Challenges Related to Scale Up Model Validation and Missing Data on a Mirco Bioreactor System
Year: 2019

Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) is a highly valuable and significantly underutilized resource in biomanufacturing. It offers the opportunity to enhance understanding and leverage useful information from complex high dimensional data sets, recorded throughout all stages of therapeutic drug manufacture. To help standardize the application and promote this resource within the biopharmaceutical industry, this paper outlines a novel MVDA methodology describing the necessary steps for efficient and effective data analysis. The MVDA methodology is followed to solve two case studies: a "small data" and a "big data" challenge. In the "small data" example, a large scale data set is compared to data from a scale down model. This methodology enables a new quantitative metric for equivalence to be established by combining a two one sided test with principal component analysis. In the "big data" example, this methodology enables accurate predictions of critical missing data essential to a cloning study performed in the ambr15 system. These predictions are generated by exploiting the underlying relationship between the off line missing values and the on line measurements through the generation of a partial least squares model. In summary, the proposed MVDA methodology highlights the importance of data pre processing, restructuring, and visualization during data analytics to solve complex biopharmaceutical challenges.
Research on Assessment Methods of Spectral Reflectance Data Quality for Computer Color Matching.
Venue: Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi Guang pu
Year: 2016

Spectral reflectance data quality is important for computer color matching. There are two existing methods for evaluating the quality spectral reflectance method and K/S method, which are too complex to apply. In this paper, 45deg/0deg and d/8deg geometric conditions are used in the measurement of spectral reflectance of the offset ink samples printed on coated paper and silver foiled paper while improvement on the geometric condition is made on the basis of the spectral reflectance method. Moreover, a new evaluation method lightness and chromaticity comparative method is put forward, and comparison is made among the three methods. The results show that both 45deg/0deg and d/8deg are feasible in the measurement of spectral reflectance of coated paper; however the former one cannot meet the requirement of spectral reflectance measurement of silver foiled paper. In addition, as to d/8deg Specular Component Included (SCI) when the silver foiled paper is taken as the substrate, the reflectance of transparent white ink samples are smaller than that of other primary inks; and abnormal intersections appear in the curves of cyan and magenta ink respectively at the concentration of 60% resulting in a poor spectra quality at high ink concentration; In the figure of lightness and chromaticity curves, there is significant divergence of the cyan and magenta ink curves from the referenced coated paper. In conclusion, the spectral reflectance of the transparent ink should be greater than or at least equal to other primary inks, and the maximum concentration of cyan and magenta should be limited; when the coated paper with good diffusion performance is taken as the reference, the comparative analysis is more intuitive than the two existing methods.
Factors associated with smartphone addiction prevalence and its predictive capacity for health related quality of life among Filipino adolescents
Year: 2020

The prevalence of smartphone addiction among adolescents is currently on the rise. Earlier studies focused on the impact of smartphone addiction on various aspects of life, but little is known about its capacity to predict an individual's quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction among Filipino adolescents and to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and health related quality of life (HRQoL) Furthermore, this study explored the differences between the smartphone addiction and non smartphone addiction groups in terms of demographic profile, family environment, smartphone usage patterns, and HRQoL, and examined the predictive capacity of smartphone addiction on HRQoL above and beyond demographic profile, family environment, and smartphone usage patterns.  This cross sectional study employed descriptive and hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses for the data obtained from 1,447 Filipino junior and senior high school students (males, n 580; females, n 867) through a Google forms online survey.  We found that the prevalence rate of smartphone addiction among Filipino high school students was 62.6% (males 66.2% females 60.2% A significant negative correlation between smartphone addiction and total HRQoL (r 0.090; p .05) or peers and social support (r 0.011; p .05) Furthermore, significant differences were found between the smartphone addiction and non smartphone addiction groups in terms of gender, hours spent on smartphones on weekdays and weekends, and frequency of smartphone use on weekends as well as total HRQoL and its subdomains: Physical well being, psychological well being, and school environment. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis reported that after entering smartphone addition in Model 4, it accounted for 3% of the variance in HRQoL (F(1, 1429) 2.557, p  This study clearly shows that the prevalence rate of smartphone addiction among Filipino adolescents is high. This calls for full awareness among parents as well as community educators and counselors regarding this issue and for the development of both community based and school based intervention programs to lessen the risk of smartphone addiction and its impact on the HRQoL of students.
Alat Pengendali Arus pada Mesin DC 400 Berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Android
Year: 2018

Power source is a device that serves to supply electrical current in type of welding SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding) an example is DC 400 machine. The output current of machine is set using a knob on the output control panel in order to generate heat as needed welding. Along with the development, welder realized that there are limitations in the way of controlling current on the machine. Distance control that requires users to go directly to the machine caused inefficiency in work. Therefore, we need a controller for adjusting the output current from long distance. It is necessary to create "Current Control Device for DC 400 Machine Based Microcontroller and Android" This device can adjust the output current value from long distance and wireless which is a microcontroller as the central controller and android as the input source. From the results of research, the greater value of R1 in potentiometer is set, the greater welding current is generated. The average error between the welding current using the knob and remote is 4.65%
Scalability Analysis of a LoRa Network Under Imperfect Orthogonality
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
Year: 2019

Low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies are gaining momentum for Internet of things applications since they promise wide coverage to a massive number of battery operated devices using grant free medium access. LoRaWAN, with its physical (PHY) layer design and regulatory efforts, has emerged as the widely adopted LPWAN solution. By using chirp spread spectrum modulation with qausi orthogonal spreading factors (SFs) LoRa PHY offers coverage to wide area applications while supporting high density of devices. However, thus far its scalability performance has been inadequately modeled and the effect of interference resulting from the imperfect orthogonality of the SFs has not been considered. In this paper, we present an analytical model of a single cell LoRa system that accounts for the impact of interference among transmissions over the same SF (co SF) as well as different SFs (inter SF) By modeling the interference field as Poisson point process under duty cycled ALOHA, we derive the signal to interference ratio distributions for several interference conditions. Results show that, for a duty cycle as low as 0.33% the network performance under co SF interference alone is considerably optimistic as the inclusion of inter SF interference unveils a further drop in the success probability and the coverage probability of approximately 10% and 15% respectively, for 1500 devices in a LoRa channel. Finally, we illustrate how our analysis can characterize the critical device density with respect to cell size for a given reliability target.
Preoperative Bronchoscopy before Lung Isolation: Look before You Leap
Venue: Annals of cardiac anaesthesia
Year: 2020

Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia Volume 23 Issue 2 April June 2020 249 The Editor, A 62 year old man having a carcinoid tumor involving the left main bronchus planned for a left sided pneumonectomy. The tumor was arising from the left main bronchus approximately 1 cm from carina. Lung perfusion scan of this patient showed 94.3% perfusion on the right side with upper, middle, and lower lobes contributing 17.5% 49.2% and 27.7% respectively. The left lung contributed to only 5.7% of perfusion. The predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in the 1st s after a left pneumonectomy was 1.74 L.
Recent Progress on Ascertaining the Core Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
Year: 2015

We have been working within the fundamental paradigm that core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) may be neutrino driven, since the first suggestion of this by Colgate and White nearly five decades ago. Computational models have become increasingly sophisticated, first in one spatial dimension assuming spherical symmetry, then in two spatial dimensions assuming axisymmetry, and now in three spatial dimensions with no imposed symmetries. The increase in the number of spatial dimensions has been accompanied by an increase in the physics included in the models, and an increase in the sophistication with which this physics has been modeled. Computation has played an essential role in the development of CCSN theory, not simply for the obvious reason that such multidimensional, multi physics, nonlinear events cannot possibly be fully captured analytically, but for its role in discovery. In particular, the discovery of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) through computation about a decade ago has impacted all simulations performed since then. Today, we appear to be at a threshold, where neutrinos, neutrino driven convection, and the SASI, working together over time scales significantly longer than had been anticipated in the past, are able to generate explosions, and in some cases, robust explosions, in a number of axisymmetric models. But how will this play out in three dimensions? Early results from the first three dimensional (3D) multi physics simulation of the "Oak Ridge" group are promising. I will discuss the essential components of today's models and the requirements of realistic CCSN modeling, present results from our one two and three dimensional models, place our models in context with respect to other efforts around the world, and discuss short and long term next steps.
Juvenile delinquency, welfare, justice and therapeutic interventions: a global perspective
Venue: BJPsych Bulletin
Year: 2017

This review considers juvenile delinquency and justice from an international perspective. Youth crime is a growing concern. Many young offenders are also victims with complex needs, leading to a public health approach that requires a balance of welfare and justice models. However, around the world there are variable and inadequate legal frameworks and a lack of a specialist workforce. The UK and other high income countries worldwide have established forensic child and adolescent psychiatry, a multifaceted discipline incorporating legal, psychiatric and developmental fields. Its adoption of an evidence based therapeutic intervention philosophy has been associated with greater reductions in recidivism compared with punitive approaches prevalent in some countries worldwide, and it is therefore a superior approach to dealing with the problem of juvenile delinquency.
Improving Late Scheduler and Result Analysis in Heterogeneous Environment
Year: 2018

The word Heterogeneity signifies diversity and Heterogeneity of Hadoop cluster exists as nodes have different configuration and they are distributed in various geographical sites. In distributed environments, homogeneity and local access of data are not full filled. Therefore, performance reduction will happen in default Hadoop schedulers where the cluster nodes are heterogeneous. Because of highly robust nature of LATE Scheduler, it can be used to improve response time in heterogeneous environment by varying the number of Mappers and Reducers for each node. In this paper we have used variable number of Reducers and Mappers to improve the performance of Hadoop heterogeneous cluster. Keywords speculative execution; improved LATE; variable Mappers; variable Reducers, heterogeneous.
(Trans)Gene Flow: Mechanisms, Biosafety Concerns and Mitigation for Containment
Year: 2020

Rapid progress in genetic engineering of plants has opened vistas for manipulation of traits to not only meet the ever increasing need of food, feed, and fuel but also produce novel compounds in transgenic plants (genetically modified crops or GM crops) The widespread global adoption of transgenic plants has raised doubts and fears about its ill impact on the health of intended consumers of end products (humans and animals) on non target organisms (pollinators, microbes, other biotic factors, etc. and, environmental concerns (impact on biodiversity through escape of transgene and hybridization causing weediness, erosion of biodiversity) Transgene flow is a multistep process, influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors and pollen mediated gene flow (PMGF) or gametic transmission is the most common mode. Some of these factors that influence (trans)gene flow include population structure and reproductive strategies of source/donor and sink/recipient species, overlap in geographical distribution, flowering phenology, genome compatibility, pollen transfer mechanism (pollinators, wind direction and speed, pollen characteristics) pre and post fertilization barriers, survival of progeny as feral and volunteer population, etc. Several of these aspects have been investigated using both transgenic and non transgenic plants and which revealed, for instance, that pollen mediated flow can occur over large distances. Similarly, seed mediated gene flow (SMGF) and vegetative propagule mediated gene flow (VPMGF) of germplasm has also been established as a significant contributor to gene flow. Gene flow events are considered a threat if the resultant hybrids have equal or higher vigour, and are viable and fertile, as has been found in several cases. Indeed, increased vigour is a potential contributor to evolution of aggressive weediness and extinction of wild relatives through processes of genetic swamping, selective sweep, and genetic assimilation, an ecological consequence of (trans)gene escape. Horizontal gene flow, or gene flow between unrelated organisms (e.g. plants to microbes, humans, pollinators, etc. is the major biosafety concern, although investigations have found such fears largely unfounded. Several containment and mitigation strategies including spatial and temporal barriers, biological barriers grouped under Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs) such as male sterility, bisexual/total sterility, cleistogamy, apomixis, maternal inheritance (transplastomics) preventing seed dispersal, secondary dormancy, competitive self thinning, interfering with floral induction or bolting, are widely used or recommended to minimize or prevent (trans)gene escape. Transgenic technology is still a developing area, and next generation of plants generated through Genome Editing while addressing existing biosafety and environmental concerns are also likely to throw up newer challenges, including formulation of appropriate robust regulatory framework for which adequate data based on research needs to be collated and analysed.
CERT: Contrastive Self supervised Learning for Language Understanding
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Pretrained language models such as BERT, GPT have shown great effectiveness in language understanding. The auxiliary predictive tasks in existing pretraining approaches are mostly defined on tokens, thus may not be able to capture sentence level semantics very well. To address this issue, we propose CERT: Contrastive self supervised Encoder Representations from Transformers, which pretrains language representation models using contrastive selfsupervised learning at the sentence level. CERT creates augmentations of original sentences using back translation. Then it finetunes a pretrained language encoder (e.g. BERT) by predicting whether two augmented sentences originate from the same sentence. CERT is simple to use and can be flexibly plugged into any pretraining finetuning NLP pipeline. We evaluate CERT on three language understanding tasks: CoLA, RTE, and QNLI. CERT outperforms BERT significantly.
Who Should Provide Clothing Recommendation Services: Artificial Intelligence or Human Experts?
Venue: J. Inf. Technol. Res.
Year: 2020

In this study, we investigated users' subjective attitudes (e.g. acceptance and perceived ease of use) towards artificial intelligence (AI) recommendation services and compared them with human expert recommendation services before and after use. Our experiments used fashion street snaps and online product images. The obtained experimental results indicated that the acceptance of the human expert recommendation service was higher than that of the AI recommendation service before use; however, they were similar after use in the case of both fashion street snaps and online product images. Furthermore, the perceived trustworthiness and perceived expertise of the AI and human expert recommendation services were also the same. In terms of ease of use, the AI recommendation service was perceived to be easier to use than the human expert recommendation service.
<El error de los ateystas> Posesion diabolica, discernimiento e incredulidad en el Patrocinio de angeles y combate de demonios (1652) de Francisco Blasco Lanuza
Year: 2018

Through an examination of the work Patrocinio de angeles y combate de demonios (1652) we will analyze how the Spanish cleric Francisco Blasco Lanuza tried to defend the reality of possession against naturalistic interpretations of the phenomenon. This defense was a response to a growing disbelief concerning the existence of spiritual substances; thus, the demoniac appears as physical evidence of the metaphysical truths of Christianity.