nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Value of pathogenic diagnosis of 18F FDG PET/CT imaging in non traumatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis
Year: 2020

To evaluate the diagnostic value of 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging in non traumatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) and compare the radioactive uptake in different lesions.  Clinical data of 62 patients (49 males, 13 females; age: (61.7+ 12.8) years) with non traumatic UVCP (43 cases of left vocal cord paralysis and 19 cases of right) admitted to Ji'an Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Pathological results, imaging or follow up results were considered as the standard of final diagnosis. The diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT imaging for the primary cause was analyzed. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of vocal cord in patients with different etiology were compared by independent sample t test.  According to the final diagnosis, the primary causes of UVCP were as follows: malignant tumors (n=44) inflammation (n=16) glomus jugulare tumor (n=1) and idiopathic UVCP (n=1) The diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT imaging for the primary cause was 90.32%(56/62) 44 cases were correctly diagnosed as malignant tumors, while 11 cases as inflammation, and 1 case as glomus jugulare tumor. Among 62 patients, 29 patients had increased SUVmax in the affected side (direct invasion group; further divided into tumor group (n=12) and non tumor group (n=17) and other 33 patients had increased SUVmax in the healthy side (indirect invasion group) SUVmax of the affected vocal cord in direct invasion group was higher than that in the healthy side (9.97+ 5.21 vs 2.43+ 0.62; t=8.14, P 0.05) Conclusions 18F FDG PET/CT imaging has high diagnostic value in pathogenic diagnosis of non traumatic UVCP. The different radioactive uptake of vocal cords in the affected side and the healthy side provides more accurate etiological information for clinical analysis.  Vocal cord paralysis; Positron emission tomography; Tomography, X ray computed; Deoxyglucose
Improving software security awareness using a serious game
Venue: IET Softw.
Year: 2019

Protecting people from cyber threats imposes great challenges, not only technically, but also socially. To achieve the intended level of awareness, software security principles need to be shown with concrete examples during security education. This study aims to design a serious game integrating software security knowledge and concepts into the processes to make it more engaging to learn while playing. In this paper, we have: (i) designed a serious game to compensate the deficiencies in the literature; (ii) performed empirical evaluations including survey, brainstorming and observation to the proposed game.  Our study shows that: (i) Cyber Security Requirements Awareness Game (CSRAG) has a positive effect on players security learning outcomes, level of engagement and participation; (ii) Game based learning can be an effective way of teaching security related scenarios.
Deployment Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Model Based Offline Optimization
Venue: ICLR
Year: 2021

Most reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms assume online access to the environment, in which one may readily interleave updates to the policy with experience collection using that policy. However, in many real world applications such as health, education, dialogue agents, and robotics, the cost or potential risk of deploying a new data collection policy is high, to the point that it can become prohibitive to update the data collection policy more than a few times during learning. With this view, we propose a novel concept of deployment efficiency, measuring the number of distinct data collection policies that are used during policy learning. We observe that naively applying existing model free offline RL algorithms recursively does not lead to a practical deployment efficient and sample efficient algorithm. We propose a novel model based algorithm, Behavior Regularized Model ENsemble (BREMEN) that can effectively optimize a policy offline using 10 20 times fewer data than prior works. Furthermore, the recursive application of BREMEN is able to achieve impressive deployment efficiency while maintaining the same or better sample efficiency, learning successful policies from scratch on simulated robotic environments with only 5 10 deployments, compared to typical values of hundreds to millions in standard RL baselines. Codes and pre trained models are available at this https URL
A New Generalization of Geometric Distribution with Properties and Applications
Venue: Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput.
Year: 2020

In this study, a new two parameter mixed Poisson distribution is proposed. Statistical properties of the proposed distribution are studied comprehensively. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate unknown model parameters. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the asymptotic efficiencies of the maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters. The usefulness of proposed distribution is demonstrated in first order integer valued autoregressive process, shortly INAR(1) Empirical findings show that the proposed INAR(1) process provides better results than other competitive models when the time series of counts display over dispersion.
Identification of novel macrolides with antibacterial, anti inflammatory and type I and III IFN augmenting activity in airway epithelium
Venue: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Year: 2016

Exacerbations of asthma and COPD are triggered by rhinoviruses. Uncontrolled inflammatory pathways, pathogenic bacterial burden and impaired antiviral immunity are thought to be important factors in disease severity and duration. Macrolides including azithromycin are often used to treat the above diseases, but exhibit variable levels of efficacy. Inhaled corticosteroids are also readily used in treatment, but may lack specificity. Ideally, new treatment alternatives should suppress unwanted inflammation, but spare beneficial antiviral immunity.  In the present study, we screened 225 novel macrolides and tested them for enhanced antiviral activity against rhinovirus, as well as anti inflammatory activity and activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were grown from 10 asthmatic individuals and the effects of macrolides on rhinovirus replication were also examined. Another 30 structurally similar macrolides were also examined.  The oleandomycin derivative Mac5, compared with azithromycin, showed superior induction (up to 5 fold, EC50 5 11 mM) of rhinovirus induced type I IFNb, type III IFNl1 and type III IFNl2/3 mRNA and the IFN stimulated genes viperin and MxA, yet had no effect on IL 6 and IL 8 mRNA. Mac5 also suppressed rhinovirus replication at 48 h, proving antiviral activity. Mac5 showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, it did not have any antibacterial properties compared with azithromycin when used against Gram negative Escherichia coli (as a model organism) and also the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and non typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Further non toxic Mac5 derivatives were identified with various anti inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial activities.  The data support the idea that macrolides have antiviral properties through a mechanism that is yet to be ascertained. We also provide evidence that macrolides can be developed with anti inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activity and show surprising versatility depending on the clinical need.
Robust multi objective optimization for sustainable design of distributed energy supply systems
Venue: Comput. Chem. Eng.
Year: 2017

Sustainable design of distributed energy supply systems involves multiple aims. Therefore, multi objective optimization is the appropriate concept for sustainable design. However, input parameters are in general uncertain. If uncertainties are disregarded in the optimization, solutions usually become infeasible in practice. To incorporate uncertain parameters, we apply the concept of minmax robust multi objective optimization for designing sustainable energy supply systems. We propose a mixed integer linear problem formulation. The proposed formulation allows to identify robust sustainable designs easily guaranteeing security of energy supply. Energy systems are shown to typically exhibit objective wise uncertainties. Thus, a Pareto front can still be derived. In a real world case study, robust designs are identified with a good trade off between economic and ecologic criteria. The robust designs perform remarkably well in the nominal scenario. The presented problem formulation transfers the important theoretical concept of minmax robust multi objective optimization into engineering practice for the design of sustainable energy systems.
Creation d'un outil electronique d'evaluation de la reponse therapeutique par l'imagerie en oncologie le projet EVA(r)
Year: 2020

L'evaluation tumorale en oncologie est primordiale pour les decisions de prise en charge therapeutique. Cependant, elle fait intervenir de nombreuses echelles complexes (RECIST, iRECIST, mRECIST, PCWG3, RANO, PERCIST, Deauville) Leur usage au quotidien est chronophage et couteux car necessite l'intervention de praticiens experts de ces methodes. Notre objectif etait de concevoir une application web permettant d'assister les praticiens dans l'evaluation de la reponse aux traitements en oncologie, quelle que soit l'echelle d'evaluation consideree. Methodes Cette application a ete developpee en utilisant le logiciel Ennov Clinical(r) initialement destine au data management en recherche clinique. Elle devait etre adaptee a la plupart des methodes d'evaluations tumorales. L'objectif etait de reduire les erreurs liees aux calculs complexes de ces echelles et de reduire le temps d'evaluation. La validation de l'application a ete realisee en comparant 12 evaluations traditionnelles a l'evaluation en utilisant EVA(r) pour differents types de tumeurs solides. Resultats L'utilisateur apres s'etre connecte et avoir renseigne quelques champs descriptifs, choisit le type d'evaluation dans une liste. Les pages concernees apparaissent, permettant la saisie des mesures tumorales et l'execution des calculs automatiques necessaires a leur interpretation. A ce jour, la validation sur 12 cas utilisant les criteres RECIST a montre une precision de 100  L'outil pourra etre deploye aupres de tous les praticiens pour les aider dans le suivi de leurs patients. EVA(r) est une solution qui facilite les calculs et la lecture des resultats. Elle permet aux imageurs de se concentrer sur l'evaluation tumorale et les conclusions qui en decoulent pour le suivi et le traitement du patient. Il reste a confirmer la validation de cette application sur un plus grand nombre de patients, dans toutes les localisations de cancer, sur tous les types d'evaluation tumorale ainsi que d'evaluer le gain de temps, la satisfaction et l'appropriation par les utilisateurs. Une perspective d'evolution serait d'utiliser des techniques l'intelligence artificielle sur les images tumorales afin d'ameliorer cet outil d'evaluation.
Holistic cancer genome profiling for every patient.
Venue: Swiss medical weekly
Year: 2020

Technological advances in the ability to read the human genome have accelerated the speed of sequencing, such that today we can perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) in one day. Until recently, genomic studies have largely been limited to seeking novel scientific discoveries. The application of new insights gained through cancer WGS into the clinical domain, have been relatively limited. Looking ahead, a vast amount of data can be generated by genomic studies. Of note, excellent organisation of genomic and clinical data permits the application of machine learning methods which can lead to the development of clinical algorithms that could assist future clinicians and genomicists in the analysis and interpretation of individual cancer genomes. Here, we describe what can be gleaned from holistic whole cancer genome profiling and argue that we must build the infrastructure and educational frameworks to support the modern clinical genomicist to prepare for a future where WGS will be the norm.
Application of NIR Reflectance Spectra in Quality Analysis of Epoxy Prepreg
Year: 2010

A quick and non destructive method using near infrared(NIR)diffused reflectance spectroscopy was executed to determine the resin content and the volatile content of the epoxy prepreg.Partial least square(PLS) regression algorithm was used to build the calibration models.The optimum models were obtained by selecting different spectral pretreated methods and spectral ranges.The models have determination coefficients(R2) of 97.16 for the resin content and of 95.48 for the volatile content,respectively.The root mean square errors of calibration(RMSEC) are 0.564% and 0.202%,respectively.The root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP) are 0.617% and 0.274%,respectively.For the predicted set,the paired t test results show that there is no significant difference between the near infrared method and the standard method.The NIR method is satisfied in the quality determination of epoxy prepreg.The results reveal that the NIR spectroscopy can be used as a useful tool for the quality control during the manufacture of prepreg.
A Probabilistic Public Key Encryption Scheme Based on Quartic Reciprocity (Draft V1.1)
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2020

Using a novel class of single bit one way trapdoor functions we construct a theoretical probabilistic public key encryption scheme that has many interesting properties. These functions are constructed from binary quadratic forms and rational quartic reciprocity laws. They are not based on class group operations nor on universal one way hash functions. Inverting these functions appears to be as difficult as factoring, and other than factoring, we know of no reductions between this new number theory problem and the standard number theoretic problems used cryptographically. We are unable to find away to construct a ciphertext without knowing the plaintext, hence this encryption scheme appears to be plaintext aware (PA1) By using quartic reciprocity properties there is less information leakage than with quadratic reciprocity based schemes and consequently this encryption scheme appears to be completely non malleable as defined by M. Fischlin (2005) and strongly plaintext aware (S PA) and secret key aware (S KA) as well, as defined by M. Barbosa and P. Farshim (2009) Assuming plaintext awareness (PA1) the difficulty of inverting our one way trapdoor function and the hardness of certain standard number theoretic problems, then this scheme is provably secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (IND CCA2) Decryption is fast, requiring just one modular multiplication and one Jacobi symbol evaluation. The encryption step is polynomial time, but slow, and there is a great deal of message expansion. The encryption step is amenable to parallelization, both across bits, as well as at the level of encrypting a single bit. The computational cost to break an encrypted bit can be optionally adjusted down on a per bit basis. With no additional keys, multiple senders can individually join secret information to each encrypted bit without changing the parity of the encrypted bit. (Recovering this secret information is harder than recovering the private key. Each sender can separately and publicly reveal their secret information without revealing the plaintext bit. The senders of the encrypted message bit can also individually authenticate they are senders without the use of a message authentication code and without revealing the plaintext bit. We are not aware of any hardware faults or other adverse events that might occur during decryption that could be exploited to break the secret key. Encryption faults can occur that could be exploited to reveal plaintext bits, however, these faults can be detected with high probability and with low computational cost.
WEIL COHOMOLOGY IN PRACTICE
Year: 2020

These are lecture notes from a course given by Kiran Kedlaya at UC San Diego in fall 2019 on the topic "Weil cohomology in practice" Thanks to the following students in the course for compiling the original draft of the notes: Samir Canning, Mingjie Chen, Patrick Girardet, Thomas Grubb, Jacob Keller, Bochao Kong, Woonam Lim, Zeyu Liu, Alex Mathers, Baiming Qiao, Nandagopal Ramachandran, Sankeerth Rao, Peter Wear, Wei Yin. I am currently revising these notes for broader distribution. What you see here represents the portion of the course that I have edited so far. I have also included the problem sets that were issued (sporadically) during the course, as well as some supplemental exercises added in the revision process. There are many excellent expositions about different parts of this material, some of which I surely do not yet know about. Suggestions for additional readings would be greatly appreciated. Last revision: 1 Apr 2020.
A software defined architecture for next generation cellular networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
Year: 2016

In the recent years, mobile cellular networks are undergoing fundamental changes and many established concepts are being revisited. New emerging paradigms, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Internet of Things (IoT) and Mobile Social Networking (MSN) bring challenges in the design of cellular networks architectures. Current Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks are not able to accommodate these new trends in a scalable and efficient way. In this paper, first we discuss the limitations of the current LTE architecture. Second, driven by the new communication needs and by the advances in aforementioned areas, we propose a new architecture for next generation cellular networks. Some of its characteristics include support for distributed content routing, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) and multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) Finally, we present simulation results which show that significant backhaul traffic savings can be achieved by implementing caching and routing functions at the network edge.
Population based validation of a German version of the Brief Resilience Scale
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2018

Smith and colleagues developed the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) to assess the individual ability to recover from stress despite significant adversity. This study aimed to validate the German version of the BRS. We used data from a population based (sample 1: n 1.481) and a representative (sample 2: n 1.128) sample of participants from the German general population (age 18) to assess reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to compare one and two factorial models from previous studies with a method factor model which especially accounts for the wording of the items. Reliability was analyzed. Convergent validity was measured by correlating BRS scores with mental health measures, coping, social support, and optimism. Reliability was good (a .85, o .85 for both samples) The method factor model showed excellent model fit (sample 1: kh2/df 7.544; RMSEA .07; CFI .99; SRMR .02; sample 2: kh2/df 1.166; RMSEA .01; CFI 1.00; SRMR .01) which was significantly better than the one factor model (Dkh2(4) 172.71, p .001) or the two factor model (Dkh2(3) 31.16, p .001) The BRS was positively correlated with well being, social support, optimism, and the coping strategies active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor. It was negatively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, depression, and the coping strategies religion, denial, venting, substance use, and self blame. To conclude, our results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the German adaptation of the BRS as well as the unidimensional structure of the scale once method effects are accounted for.
Personality profiles of substance and behavioral addictions.
Venue: Addictive behaviors
Year: 2018

Substance related and behavioral addictions are extremely prevalent and represent a major public health concern. In the ongoing attempt to understand the addictive personality, contradictory results have arisen from studies that have explored personality traits in different addiction populations. The diversity across addiction types suggests that some of these inconsistencies stem from distinct personalities underlying each addiction. The present study compares the personality profiles of several addictions, representing both substance (drugs and alcohol) and behavioral (gambling and sex) subtypes. 216 addicted individuals and 78 controls completed personality and sociodemographic questionnaires. Notable personality distinctions were found among different types of addiction. Whereas impulsivity and neuroticism were higher across all addiction populations, as compared to controls, people with alcohol use disorders also scored significantly lower on the traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience. People with drug use disorders and those with compulsive sexual behavior were surprisingly similar, scoring lowest on the traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Finally, people with gambling disorder demonstrated a personality profile similar to that of the control group. Of note, personality profiles were also related to several demographic characteristics, including socioeconomic status and religiosity. Our findings support a potential role for personality in distinguishing among different types of addiction. This study suggests that different addictions may, to some extent, stem from distinct processes that are involved in personality development. These findings may provide a useful framework for understanding why different people develop different addictions.
Conceptualizing science diplomacy in the practitioner driven literature: a critical review
Year: 2020

Science diplomacy and the practices it covers have existed for a long time, but the related vocabulary emerged only recently. It is only in the last fifteen years or so that there has been a discourse on science diplomacy, in which the practitioner driven literature dominates. This article is based on a careful examination of some of its key writings. It aims at reflecting on the construction of the concept of science diplomacy, as it is penned by practitioners. Mainstream narratives magnify the practices of international scientific cooperation and generally under represent the use of science in foreign policy for competitive purposes. In order to explain the gap that exists between the discourse and the reality of practices, this article puts forward a hypothesis, that of a cultural bias originating from the profile of the leading authors, who are both scientists and actors of science diplomacy.