nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage study of mango leather in sustainable packaging condition
Year: 2020

The present study is concerned with the comparative study of mango leather under different packaging conditions for maintaining better nutritional characteristics. The purpose of this study is to analyse the composition of mango leather and observe the shelf life of the product under sustainable packaging circumstances. The mango leathers are stored under four different packaging condition (a) 200 gauge high density polyethylene (HDPE) (b) 260 gauge Metallised polyethylene terephthalate (MET PET) (c) 200 gauge Low density polyethylene (LDPE) (d) biodegradable paper pouch (PP) Processed mango leathers have been analysed for proximate composition and vitamin C, total carotenes and sensory attributes. MET PET has been found the best packaging material for mango leather to retain its quality characteristics for 6 month of storage at 30+ 5degC
Elements of Social Movement in Ava Duvernay's Film Selma
Year: 2018

ABSTRACTSelma is a film that portrays the voting right social movement between 1964 and 1965. This research aims to analyze the portrayal of said social movement through Collective Behaviour and Charismatic Leader approach, while using Fiske's semiotics theory to decipher the meaning. The results show that Selma uses specific settings to signify the formation of non institutionalized social movement, depicts the social breakdown as a cause to the social movement, and also shows various forms of social movement. Moreover, Martin Luther King's persona as a charismatic leader is portrayed thoroughly, and the weakness of a social movement relying too much on its leader is apparent without proper support and routinization. Social movement, non institutionalized, collective behavior, charismatic leader, routinization.
The DLV system for knowledge representation and reasoning
Venue: TOCL
Year: 2006

Disjunctive Logic Programming (DLP) is an advanced formalism for knowledge representation and reasoning, which is very expressive in a precise mathematical sense: it allows one to express every property of finite structures that is decidable in the complexity class SP2 (NPNP) Thus, under widely believed assumptions, DLP is strictly more expressive than normal (disjunction free) logic programming, whose expressiveness is limited to properties decidable in NP. Importantly, apart from enlarging the class of applications which can be encoded in the language, disjunction often allows for representing problems of lower complexity in a simpler and more natural fashion.This article presents the DLV system, which is widely considered the state of the art implementation of disjunctive logic programming, and addresses several aspects. As for problem solving, we provide a formal definition of its kernel language, function free disjunctive logic programs (also known as disjunctive datalog) extended by weak constraints, which are a powerful tool to express optimization problems. We then illustrate the usage of DLV as a tool for knowledge representation and reasoning, describing a new declarative programming methodology which allows one to encode complex problems (up to DP3 complete problems) in a declarative fashion. On the foundational side, we provide a detailed analysis of the computational complexity of the language of DLV, and by deriving new complexity results we chart a complete picture of the complexity of this language and important fragments thereof.Furthermore, we illustrate the general architecture of the DLV system, which has been influenced by these results. As for applications, we overview application front ends which have been developed on top of DLV to solve specific knowledge representation tasks, and we briefly describe the main international projects investigating the potential of the system for industrial exploitation. Finally, we report about thorough experimentation and benchmarking, which has been carried out to assess the efficiency of the system. The experimental results confirm the solidity of DLV and highlight its potential for emerging application areas like knowledge management and information integration.
An Innovative Framework for Real Time Monitoring of Pollutant Point Sources in River Networks
Year: 2021

The simultaneous identification of location and source release history in complex river networks is a very complicated ill posed problem, particularly in a case of multiple unknown pollutant sources with time varying release pattern. This study presents an innovative method for simultaneous identification of the number, locations and release histories of multiple pollutant point sources in a river network using minimum observation data. Considering two different type of monitoring stations with an adaptive arrangement as well as real time data collection at those stations and using a reliable numerical flow and transport model, at first the number and suspected reach of presence of pollutant sources are determined. Then the source location and its intensity function is calculated by solving inverse source problem using a geostatistical approach. A case study with three different scenarios in terms of the number, release time and location of pollutant sources are discussed, concerning a river network with unsteady and non uniform flow. Results showed the capability of the proposed method in identifying of sought source characteristics even in complicated cases with simultaneous activity of multiple pollutant sources.
Scaling IPv6 address bindings in support of a moving target defense
Venue: The 9th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST 2014)
Year: 2014

Moving target defense is an area of network security research in which machines are moved logically around a network in order to avoid detection. This is done by leveraging the immense size of the IPv6 address space and the statistical improbability of two machines selecting the same IPv6 address. This defensive technique forces a malicious actor to focus on the reconnaissance phase of their attack rather than focusing only on finding holes in a machine's static defenses. We have a current implementation of an IPv6 moving target defense entitled MT6D, which works well although is limited to functioning in a peer to peer scenario. As we push our research forward into client server networks, we must discover what the limits are in reference to the client server ratio. In our current implementation of a simple UDP echo server that binds large numbers of IPv6 addresses to the ethernet interface, we discover limits in both the number of addresses that we can successfully bind to an interface and the speed at which UDP requests can be successfully handled across a large number of bound interfaces.
The Consequences of COVID 19 for International Relations
Year: 2020

The pandemic of COVID 19 has en enormous impact not only on health services across the globe but for world politics as well The new all embracing economic crisis, which the pandemic provoked, is comparable in its depth to Great Depression It will strongly influence political processes on national and supranational levels The problems of poverty and social inequality will deteriorate Eurosceptic sentiments in the EU will hit new levels The strategic decoupling of USA and EU seems to be speeding up A new round of competition between Washington and Beijing is underway Russia finds itself in the extremely difficult situation against the backdrop of collapse of oil prices Bold collective multinational efforts are needed to fight the crisis However, there slim chances that common sense is going to prevail Pandemiia COVID 19 imeet ne tol'ko daleko idushchie posledstviia dlia mirovogo zdravookhraneniia, no i dlia mirovoi politiki Sprovotsirovannyi eiu novyi mirovoi ekonomicheskii krizis, po svoei glubine sravnimyi s Velikoi depressiei, okazhet sil'noe vliianie na politicheskie protsessy na natsional'nom i na global'nom urovniakh Obostriatsia problemy bednosti i sotsial'nogo neravenstva Vnov' vyrastet evroskeptitsizm v Evrosoiuze Uskoritsia strategicheskii dreif SShA iz Evropy Griadiot novyi vitok sopernichestva SShA i Kitaia V tiazhiolom polozhenii okazyvaetsia Rossiia na fone obrusheniia mirovykh tsen na neft' Mir nuzhdaetsia v energichnykh kollektivnykh deistviiakh dlia bor'by s krizisom Odnako skladyvaetsia vpechatlenie, chto u zdravogo smysla ne tak mnogo shansov
Variation in yield and biochemical factors of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L. under foliar application of osmolytes and drought stress conditions
Venue: Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology
Year: 2019

Chamomile is one of the oldest and most valuable medicinal plants from the Asteraceae family. In addition to pharmaceutical uses, its essential oil is extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, food industry and aromatherapy. This experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of osmolytes foliar application on biochemical characteristics, and the yield of German chamomile under drought stress conditions.  The experiment was conducted as a split plot with randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2016 2017 growing season. Three levels of irrigation, 50 (control) 100 (mild stress) and 150 mm (severe stress) evaporation from evaporation pan class A, and spraying treatments, NS (no spraying) W (distilled water) MeJA (methyl jasmonate) SA (salicylic acid) HA (humic acid) GB (glycine betaine) and GABA (g aminobutyric acid) were considered as the main plots and sub plots, respectively.  Analyzed data indicated that proline, total soluble sugars (TSS) and essential oil yield were enhanced with the increase of drought intensity and the maximum amount was registered under severe stress, while the severe drought caused a substantial reduction in protein concentration of leaves and dried flower yield. Proline concentration of leaves significantly increased with exogenously applied spraying treatments under severe drought. All spraying treatments except GB under severe stress, caused higher TSS concentration than those subjected to mild stress. SA, HA, and GABA treated plants had significantly higher protein concentration compared to NS treatment. Plants that treated with GABA had the highest dried flower and essential oil yield.  The present study suggests that osmolytes foliar application can ameliorate the detrimental effects of drought on chamomile plant through alteration in yield and biochemical variables.
FPGA Based Emulation of Embedded DRAMs for Statistical Error Resilience Evaluation of Approximate Computing Systems
Venue: 2019 56th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)
Year: 2019

Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) requires frequent power hungry refresh according to the worst case retention time across PVT variations to avoid data loss. Abandoning the error free paradigm, by choosing sub critical refresh rates that gracefully degrade the eDRAM content, unlocks considerable power saving opportunities, but requires to understand the effect of stochastic memory errors at the system/application level. We propose an FPGA based platform featuring faulty eDRAM emulation based on advanced retention time models and silicon measurements for statistical error resilience evaluation of applications in a complete embedded system. We analyze the statistical QoS for various benchmarks under different sub critical refresh rates and retention time distributions.
Controlled Growth of CH3 NH3 PbI3 Using a Dynamically Dispensed Spin Coating Method: Improving Efficiency with a Reproducible PbI2 Blocking Layer.
Venue: ChemSusChem
Year: 2017

It is commonly believed that excess PbI2 has beneficial effects for perovskite solar cells owing to the modification of charge transport behavior at interfaces, by surface passivation and by blocking electron hole recombination. Here, we introduce a dynamically dispensed spin coating technique in a two step deposition to form a perovskite layer with controllable quantities of crystalline PbI2 Using this technique, the concentration of CH3 NH3 I solution is kept constant at the reaction interface, ensuring smooth growth of films. By changing the spinning rate during the reaction, the PbI2 conversion ratio and perovskite cuboid size can be optimized, resulting in a power conversion efficiency improvement over control devices. This dynamically dispensed technique represents a repeatable method for compositional control in perovskite solar cells and improves our understanding of how a PbI2 blocking layer improves the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Using Principles as a Tool for Understanding Ethics Cases
Year: 2016

For clinical ethics, the model used most often, even if it is less a theory than a practical compromise, is called "the four principles." Tom Beauchamp and James Childress first popularized this approach in their 1979 book, Principles of Biomedical Ethics. They have continued to develop this account for nearly 40 years and six editions. The principles have great utility, as evidenced by how they have been adopted (with varying degrees of modifications) by textbooks in medical ethics, nursing ethics, dental ethics, dental hygiene ethics, and many other clinical fields. Indeed, there is no reason to think they should not apply equally well to all clinical fields, and so could be useful for clinical social work and clinical psychology, as well as pharmacy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and other allied health professions. This also means they are especially useful for helping an interprofessional team reach a consensus. Given the proven utility of the approach for clinical ethics and research ethics, four additional principles are proposed to define professionalism, followed by four additional principles for Public Health ethics.
Kernel density estimation and its application
Year: 2018

Kernel density estimation is a technique for estimation of probability density function that is a must have enabling the user to better analyse the studied probability distribution than when using a traditional histogram. Unlike the histogram, the kernel technique produces smooth estimate of the pdf, uses all sample points' locations and more convincingly suggest multimodality. In its two dimensional applications, kernel estimation is even better as the 2D histogram requires additionally to define the orientation of 2D bins. Two concepts play fundamental role in kernel estimation: kernel function shape and coefficient of smoothness, of which the latter is crucial to the method. Several real life examples, both for univariate and bivariate applications, are shown.
Political Budget Cycles Revisited, the Case for Social Capital
Year: 2013

Recent literature on Political Budget Cycles has provided appealing evidence that their existence is conditional to country specific characteristics. In this paper we hypothesize that the level of social capital prevailing in a country might be an underlying fundamental reason that might be driving these results. We provide strong evidence that political budget cycles are only present in low social capital countries by utilizing a large panel data set for 63 democratic countries. We also show that the political budget cycles occur both in developing and developed countries under low social capital. Simultaneously, our results are robust under most other conditional effects considered by the literature. Finally, we also propose a theoretical model of conditional capital budget cycles by adapting a moral hazard model to account for different distributions of social capital.
Hybrid emulation for bypassing anti reversing techniques and analyzing malware
Venue: The Journal of Supercomputing
Year: 2020

Malware uses a variety of anti reverse engineering techniques, which makes its analysis difficult. Dynamic analysis tools, e.g. debuggers, DBI (Dynamic Binary Instrumentation) and CPU emulators, do not provide both accuracy and convenience when analyzing complex malware, which utilizes diverse anti reversing techniques. Debuggers are convenient, but are easily detected by anti debugging techniques. DBI tools are better for bypassing anti reversing techniques than debuggers, but cannot execute complex programs correctly. Emulators are not designed for precise malware analysis. To address the problem fundamentally, we developed a new approach completely different from the previous works. We present a new dynamic analysis scheme for malware, which includes automatic detection and evasion of various anti reversing techniques. This approach combines a CPU simulator and actual code execution, i.e. machine instructions are simulated with the CPU simulator, whereas API functions are directly executed when they are called. In this method, the CPU simulator can precisely execute code without modifying the code chunks for trampolines. Moreover, our method takes advantage of the OS functionalities, including thread management or interrupt handling. We conducted experiments on 16 widely used protectors, which show that our method outperforms conventional tools: Pin, DynamoRIO, Apate, and OllyAdvanced. Our scheme can unpack 15 protectors and bypass the anti debugging techniques associated with them.
Colour coded tomography in fluid mechanics
Year: 2011

A measuring principle for qualitative and quantitative analyses of three dimensional unsteady flows is presented. The principle is based on colour coding of the flow volume under consideration. Coloured light sheets are generated and used to illuminate the flow volume. Consecutive light sheets of different colours are scanned over the volume within a small interval of time. Thus, the volume is sliced and colour coded quasi instantaneously. With this technique, the 3D position of a particle in the volume can be identified by a 2D image and an associated colour. Since most optical flow measuring systems are based on tracers, colour coding allows the application of 2D image recorders to register 3D flow information. The paper discusses the state of the art of this principle for three dimensional flow analyses and gives information about applicability and limitations.
Machining induced surface integrity in titanium and nickel alloys: A review
Year: 2011

Titanium and nickel alloys represent a significant metal portion of the aircraft structural and engine components. When these critical structural components in aerospace industry are manufactured with the objective to reach high reliability levels, surface integrity is one of the most relevant parameters used for evaluating the quality of finish machined surfaces. The residual stresses and surface alteration (white etch layer and depth of work hardening) induced by machining of titanium alloys and nickel based alloys are very critical due to safety and sustainability concerns. This review paper provides an overview of machining induced surface integrity in titanium and nickel alloys. There are many different types of surface integrity problems reported in literature, and among these, residual stresses, white layer and work hardening layers, as well as microstructural alterations can be studied in order to improve surface qualities of end products. Many parameters affect the surface quality of workpieces, and cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool geometry and preparation, tool wear, and workpiece properties are among the most important ones worth to investigate. Experimental and empirical studies as well as analytical and Finite Element modeling based approaches are offered in order to better understand machining induced surface integrity. In the current state of the art however, a comprehensive and systematic modeling approach based on the process physics and applicable to the industrial processes is still missing. It is concluded that further modeling studies are needed to create predictive physics based models that is in good agreement with reliable experiments, while explaining the effects of many parameters, for machining of titanium alloys and nickel based alloys.
The Just Transition Challenge Avoiding Carbon Leakage and Jobs Off Shoring in Decarbonising International Supply Chains
Year: 2018

Industrial decarbonisation is a major challenge in terms of both emissions reduction and the 'just transition' element of the 2015 Paris Agreement. It raises issues of potential carbon leakage and associated offshoring of jobs and economic value (GDP) if carbon reduction policies impact the location decisions of industry. We use economic multiplier metrics to help quantify the extent of these potential displacement effects. Focussing on cement production as a particular decarbonisation challenge, we demonstrate that displacement of currently EU based production activity could potentially lead to reductions in domestic jobs and GDP, combined with a net increase in global CO2 emissions. Our key conclusion is that a strong argument exists to address the industrial decarbonisation challenge where emissions are currently located. The 'just transition' element of the Paris agreement emphasises the need to retain and grow jobs and GDP whilst meeting climate targets in the long term. This will always be a preferable outcome over jobs off shoring/GDP loss and not meeting targets in the short and long term.
Immersion Suits for Helicopter Transportation
Year: 2016

Protecting survivors of a helicopter ditching from the hazards of immediate and prolonged cold water immersion is accomplished with a helicopter transportation suit (HTS) In addition to the thermal stresses of a cold water environment, when a helicopter ditching occurs, there is a high probability of inversion, followed by an underwater egress. The possibility of inverted underwater egress introduces some unique requirements and constraints to the design and performance of an HTS. The principal determinants of HTS design are minimal buoyancy, thermal protection, and comfort during flight. HTSs and other types of immersion suits share many of the same performance requirements for preventing hypothermia and drowning. This chapter introduces and addresses specific performance requirements and design considerations for immersion suits used by helicopter passengers.
A beamline for bulk sample x ray absorption spectroscopy at the high brilliance storage ring PETRA III
Year: 2019

P65 is a new X ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy beamline at the high brilliance storage ring PETRA III in Hamburg, Germany. It is providing a mm sized beam and a monochromatic photon flux of up to 1012 s 1 at 9 keV. The beamline design is optimised for standard EXAFS measurements under ex and in situ conditions. The performance of the beamline is demonstrated using examples from commissioning and the first year of operation.
Online social networks threats
Year: 2014

SNSs) Social Networking Sites or online social networks are the most outstanding technological phenomena in the twenty first century. These are the most visited sites globally with an informal but comprehensive management tools. SRNs are also used for commercial purposes for instance, MySpace, LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. In this study, various aspects of network, social and physical security associated with online social networks sites have been discussed beginning with the introduction of the mechanisms related to each threat and the summaries of relevant solutions that can be adopted to solve these issues amicably (Wang et al. 2009) Each mode of online threat comes with different risks, therefore, relevant measures can be taken to prevent or solve issues related to them. These measures have been discussed into details with examples mentioned at each end. However, it is recognized that individuals and organizations have a legitimate personal and financial uses for online social network, at the same time it's recommended that certain measures should be taken to reinforce stronger users' awareness with more secure network and software designs (Novak et al. 2013)