nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland tumours: diagnostic criteria and the accuracy of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI with high temporal resolution.
Venue: The British journal of radiology
Year: 2015

To determine the optimal diagnostic criterion of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) for predicting salivary gland malignancy using a dynamic sequence with high temporal resolution, as well as the accuracy of this technique.  The DCE MRI findings of 98 salivary gland tumours (74 benign and 24 malignant) were reviewed. MR images were sequentially obtained at 5 s intervals for 370 s. Two parameters, peak time and washout ratio (WR) were determined from the time signal intensity curve. The optimal thresholds of these parameters for differentiating benign and malignant tumours were determined, along with the diagnostic accuracy of the criterion using these thresholds.  A peak time of 150 s and a WR of 30% were identified as optimal thresholds. As the criterion for malignancy, the combination of peak time <150 s and WR <30% provided a sensitivity of 79% (19/24) specificity of 95% (70/74) and an overall accuracy of 91% (89/98) Three of the five false negative cases were malignant lymphomas of the parotid gland.  Peak time <150 s with WR <30% comprised the optimal diagnostic criterion in predicting salivary gland malignancy, providing a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 95% The use of high temporal resolution might improve the accuracy of DCE MRI. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Although several studies have reported the usefulness of DCE MRI in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumours, the specific diagnostic criteria employed have differed widely. We determined the optimal criterion and its accuracy using a dynamic sequence with high temporal resolution.
Deep Self Paced Learning for Semi Supervised Person Re Identification Using Multi View Self Paced Clustering
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Year: 2019

Semi supervised person re identification (Re ID) is an extension of the existing popular Re ID research, which only uses a small portion of labeled data, while the majority of the training samples are unlabeled. This paper approaches the problem by constructing a set of heterogeneous convolutional neural networks (CNNs) fine tuned by utilizing the labeled training samples, and then propagating the labels to the unlabeled portion for further fine tuning the overall system in a self paced manner. In this work, a novel self paced multi view clustering is presented to generate pseudo labels for unlabeled training samples, which combines multiple heterogeneous CNNs features to cluster. In our clustering method, we introduce a self paced regularizer to select reliable samples for fine tuning each CNNs by minimizing ranking loss and identification loss. Specifically, we select a small portion of unlabeled training data when multiple CNNs are weak. With CNNs become stronger, more and more unlabeled samples are selected. Pseudo label estimation and CNNs training are improved simultaneously, which optimize alternatively until all the unlabeled training samples are selected. In our framework, both the optimization of multiple CNNs training and multi view clustering on unlabeled training samples are self paced optimizing procedure. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two large scale Re ID datasets to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Extruder path generation for Curved Layer Fused Deposition Modeling
Venue: Comput. Aided Des.
Year: 2008

Extruder path generation for a new rapid prototyping technique named 'Curved Layer Fused Deposition Modeling' (CLFDM) has been presented. The prototyping technique employs deposition of material in curved layers in contrast to flat layers as in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) The proposed method would be particularly advantageous over FDM in the manufacturing of thin, curved parts (shells) by reduction of stair step effect, increase in strength and reduction in the number of layers. The criteria for the generation of tool paths for CLFDM are proper orientation of filaments and appropriate bonding between adjacent filaments in same layer and in successive layers.
Improving the Exploration of High Dimensional Free Energy Landscape by a Combination of Temperature Accelerated Sliced Sampling and Parallel Biasing.
Year: 2020

Biased sampling methods such as the Temperature Accelerated Sliced Sampling (TASS) which can explore high dimensional collective variable (CV) space, is of great interest in free energy calculations. Such methods can efficiently sample configurational space even when a large number of CVs for biasing are used while many conventional methods are limited to two or three CVs. In this paper, we propose a modification to the TASS method, called Parallel Bias TASS or PBTASS, wherein a multidimensional parallel metadynamics bias is incorporated on a selected set of CVs. The corresponding time dependent reweighting equations are derived, and the method is benchmarked. In particular, we compare the accuracy and efficiency of PBTASS with various methods viz. standard TASS, Temperature Accelerated Molecular Dynamics/driven Adiabatic Free Energy Dynamics, and Parallel Bias Metadynamics. We demonstrate the capability of the PBTASS method by reconstructing the eight dimensional free energy surface of alanine pentapeptide in vacuo from a 25 ns long trajectory. Free energy barriers and free energies of high energy saddle points on the high dimensional free energy landscape of this system are reported.
A Hybrid Vector Generalized Finite Element Method for Transient Electromagnetic Simulations
Year: 2014

In this article, a hybrid vector generalized finite element method is developed for time domain electromagnetic analysis. Average and jump operators of the discontinuous Galerkin method are used to establish a domain decomposition framework for the vector generalized finite element method such that they enable application of vector generalized finite element methods to inhomogeneous problems without using additional basis functions at material interfaces. Moreover, they enable hybridization of the classical finite element method and vector generalized finite element method such that advantages of each method can be exploited for more accurate computation of electromagnetic fields. In this article, the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is used to enable communication among partitioned domains. Convergence characteristics of these hybrid methods are studied, and their applications to wave scattering problems are presented.
Curcumin as a preventive or therapeutic measure for chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced adverse reaction: A comprehensive review.
Venue: Food and chemical toxicology an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
Year: 2020

Curcumin has attracted much attention for medicinal purposes in wide range of illnesses including cancer. In some studies, its efficacy is evaluated against chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced adverse reaction and also as adjuvant to cancer treatment. Here we have tried to present a comprehensive review on protective and therapeutic effect of curcumin against these side effects.  The data were collected by searching Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane database systematic reviews, using key words "nephrotoxicity" "cardiotoxicity" "genotoxicity" "ototoxicity" "hepatotoxicity" "reproductive toxicity" "myelosuppression" "pulmonary toxicity" "radiotherapy induced side effect" with "turmeric" and "curcumin" Although curcumin has low bioavailability, it has shown brilliant profile on prevention and management of chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced adverse reactions, particularly based on in vitro and in vivo studies and limited number of human studies on radiotherapy adverse reactions. Antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties of the curcumin are the main proposed mechanism of action for management and prevention of adverse reactions. One of the major points regarding the protective effect of curcumin is its wide tolerable therapeutic range of dose with minimal side effects. Furthermore, new nano formulations help to improve the bioavailability, increase in efficacy and lower the adverse effects. In conclusion, based on the present knowledge, curcumin has significant supportive potential in patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy and may be suggested as adjutant with cancer treatments. Further well designed human studies are recommended.
Weighted Quantile Regression Forests for Bimodal Distribution Modeling: A Loss Given Default Case
Venue: Entropy
Year: 2020

Due to various regulations (e.g. the Basel III Accord) banks need to keep a specified amount of capital to reduce the impact of their insolvency. This equity can be calculated using, e.g. the Internal Rating Approach, enabling institutions to develop their own statistical models. In this regard, one of the most important parameters is the loss given default, whose correct estimation may lead to a healthier and riskless allocation of the capital. Unfortunately, since the loss given default distribution is a bimodal application of the modeling methods (e.g. ordinary least squares or regression trees) aiming at predicting the mean value is not enough. Bimodality means that a distribution has two modes and has a large proportion of observations with large distances from the middle of the distribution; therefore, to overcome this fact, more advanced methods are required. To this end, to model the entire loss given default distribution, in this article we present the weighted quantile Regression Forest algorithm, which is an ensemble technique. We evaluate our methodology over a dataset collected by one of the biggest Polish banks. Through our research, we show that weighted quantile Regression Forests outperform "single" state of the art models in terms of their accuracy and the stability.
Game Based Remedial Instruction in Mastery Learning for Upper Primary School Students
Venue: J. Educ. Technol. Soc.
Year: 2013

The study examines the effectiveness of using computer games for after school remedial mastery learning. We incorporated instructional materials related to "area of a circle" into the popular Monopoly game to enhance the performance of sixth grade students learning mathematics. The program requires that students enter the answers to avoid the shortcomings of multiple choice questions. Throughout the game, whenever students are unable to answer questions correctly they receive immediate remedial instruction specifically for that question. This study sought to compare the effectiveness of game based and video based remedial instruction incorporated with elements of mastery learning. The results demonstrate that (a) both instructional videos and the proposed Monopoly game enhance the learning of mathematical concepts; and (b) the Monopoly game is more effective than instructional videos at leveraging the benefits of mastery learning. The goal of the research was to integrate games and mastery learning into after school remedial instruction and design a game to practice the steps of mastery learning.
Opportunities within the Revised EU Common Agricultural Policy to Address the Decline of Farmland Birds: An Irish Perspective
Year: 2015

The loss of global biological diversity continues despite on going conservation efforts. Agriculture is the major terrestrial land use in Europe and any conservation efforts to protect biological diversity must address sustainable use of these food production systems. Using Ireland, within the European Union policy framework, as an example, the declines in farmland birds are discussed. The opportunities afforded to farmland bird conservation as a result of the recent reform to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are outlined. The potential for revised and refined CAP, specifically agri environment schemes, to deliver benefits for biodiversity and for farmland bird species within Irish agricultural ecosystems is explored. Despite all the efforts to date and the significant resources invested in implementing agri environment measures and schemes, few attempts have been made to collect monitoring and surveillance data with which to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of schemes, and measures that are designed to assist in the recovery of farmland biodiversity, including bird species, in Ireland.
Nutritional status and the associated factors among people living with HIV: an evidence from cross sectional survey in hospital based antiretroviral therapy site in Kathmandu, Nepal
Venue: BMC Nutrition
Year: 2020

Nutritional status is the key concern among the people living with HIV but this issue has been failed to be prioritized in HIV strategic plan of Nepal. This study aims to assess the nutritional status among people living with HIV and determine their associated factors.  A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted where 350 people living with HIV attending the ART clinic were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Nutritional status among people living with HIV was assessed through anthropometry, body mass index; Underweight (body mass index 18.5 kg/m 2 and overweight/obesity (body mass index 23 kg/m 2 HIV related clinical factors such CD4 count, WHO stage, opportunistic infection, antiretroviral therapy regimen etc. were collected from the medical records. Socio demographic data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire through interview technique. Multiple linear regression method was employed to determine the association between different independent factors and body mass index score.  The prevalence of underweight was found to be 18.3% (95% CI: 14.3 22.6) Most of the study participants were overweight/obese (39.1% After subjection to multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that age, being male, being married, being in business occupation, smoking, hemoglobin level and antiretroviral therapy duration were significantly associated with body mass index score. Majority of the participants in our study lacked diversified food (62.3% Conclusion Overweight/obesity is an emerging problem among people living with HIV. This group of participants should be screened for the presence of non communicable disease. This study also highlights the importance of nutritional program being an integral part of HIV/AIDS continuum of care. Therefore, an effort should be made to address the burden of malnutrition by addressing the identified determinants.
Classroom assessment scoring system.
Year: 2008

The toddler version of the "CLASS(r)" tool provides early childhood programs with an accurate, reliable way to assess effective classrooms. For use with children from 15 36 months, this standardized observation tool measures the effectiveness of interactions between teachers and children, a primary ingredient of early educational experiences that prepare children for future school success. The first tool to measure teacher child interactions for the toddler age group, "CLASS(r) Toddler"Covers two crucial domains of teacher child interaction Emotional And Behavioral Support and Engaged Support For Learning.Provides developmentally appropriate descriptions of what effective interactions look like in toddler classroomsEstablishes an accurate, complete picture of classroom interactions through brief, repeated observation and scoring cyclesHighlights areas of strength and areas for improvement useful for guiding improvement effortsIdentifies challenges and helps identify areas for improvementProvides important information related to programs' most urgent needs: accountability, professional development, and researchHas been used in several state evaluation systems and for national evaluations of Early Head Start This useful manual includes detailed descriptions of the 8 CLASS(r) Toddler dimensions, administration procedures, and information about the tool's development. One copy of the CLASS(r) Toddler Dimensions Overview, a tri fold reference sheet for observers, is included with the manual. This manual is part of "CLASS," the bestselling classroom observational tool that measures interactions between children and teachers a primary ingredient of high quality early educational experiences. With versions for infant programs, toddler programs, pre K (in English and Spanish) and K 3 classrooms, the reliable and valid "CLASS" tool establishes an accurate picture of the classroom through brief, repeated observation and scoring cycles and effectively pinpoints areas for improvement.Learn more about the entire "CLASS" system. Sign up for webinars on CLASS presented by Teachstone."
Quantum Hashing and Fingerprinting for Quantum Cryptography and Computations
Venue: CSR
Year: 2020

Fingerprinting and cryptographic hashing have quite different usages in computer science, but have similar properties. Interpretation of their properties is determined by the area of their usage: fingerprinting methods are methods for constructing efficient randomized and quantum algorithms for computational problems, while hashing methods are one of the central cryptographic primitives.
ECMO for severe ARDS: systematic review and individual patient data meta analysis
Venue: Intensive Care Medicine
Year: 2020

To assess the effect of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared to conventional management in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data meta analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) performed after Jan 1, 2000 comparing ECMO to conventional management in patients with severe ARDS. The primary outcome was 90 day mortality. Primary analysis was by intent to treat. We identified two RCTs (CESAR and EOLIA) and combined data from 429 patients. On day 90, 77 of the 214 (36% ECMO group and 103 of the 215 (48% control group patients had died (relative risk (RR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 0.94; P 0.013; I2 0% In the per protocol and as treated analyses the RRs were 0.75 (95% CI 0.6 0.94) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.68 1.09) respectively. Rescue ECMO was used for 36 (17% of the 215 control patients (35 in EOLIA and 1 in CESAR) The RR of 90 day treatment failure, defined as death for the ECMO group and death or crossover to ECMO for the control group was 0.65 (95% CI 0.52 0.8; I2 0% Patients randomised to ECMO had more days alive out of the ICU and without respiratory, cardiovascular, renal and neurological failure. The only significant treatment covariate interaction in subgroups was lower mortality with ECMO in patients with two or less organs failing at randomization. In this meta analysis of individual patient data in severe ARDS, 90 day mortality was significantly lowered by ECMO compared with conventional management.
Market Structure and Cost Pass Through in Retail
Venue: Review of Economics and Statistics
Year: 2017

We examine the extent to which vertical and horizontal market structure can together explain incomplete retail pass through. To answer this question, we use scanner data from a large U.S. retailer to estimate product level pass through for three vertical structures: national brands, private label goods not manufactured by the retailer, and private label goods manufactured by the retailer. Our approach circumvents issues associated with internal firm prices and demonstrates that accounting for horizontal market structure is important for measuring the effects of vertical integration and reduced double marginalization on pass through.
A brief review on the buoyancy criteria for supercritical fluids
Year: 2018

This study presents a brief review on the buoyancy criteria for supercritical fluids (mainly water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon fuels) Buoyancy affected heat transfer at supercritical pressures is an important phenomenon. However, the effect of buoyancy force of supercritical fluids was not properly addressed in some earlier studies. Some reserachers believed that the neglect of buoyancy was the primary reason for the considerable disagreement between predictions by the available empirical correlations and experimental data. In this paper, several common buoyancy criteria proposed in the literatures to distinguish forced convection and mixed convection were assessed and compared. Inconsistencies were observed, e.g. the buoyancy parameter might be the same, but the threshold to affect the heat transfer in the correlation is different. Comparisons between the predictions and the experimental or numerical data were given and the discrepancies were emphasized and evaluated. The most reliable buoyancy criteria for vertical and horizontal tubes were recommended. However, no one buoyancy criterion can accurately predict the magnitude and onset of buoyancy force for different kinds of supercritical fluids, therefore further research is still needed.
Introduction to systems engineering and sustainability PART I: Student centred learning for chemical and biological engineers
Year: 2020

Active Learning of Systems Engineering and Sustainability requires challenging metacognitive integration of high level evaluation skills combined with discipline based core knowledge. This two part series aims to demonstrate the basic principles, methodology and specific examples of active learning with formative assessment implemented to achieve improved student academic performance. In this part I of the two part series, firstly, a detailed description is introduced of the cognitive learning methodology which makes use of student centered recognition, analysis and synthesis for decision making when there is no entirely right or wrong decision. The concept of "decision situation" is described which combines several surrounding and contingency elements to arrive at a demonstration of the holistic decision making through systems analysis. A Holistic thinking approach is further developed using a systems learning methodology that combines normative with descriptive analyses to arrive at a cognitive mode model of judgement and choice. Sustainability modelling using the three gateway systems approach is introduced and compared with the multi layered view of chemical and biochemical engineering education and research; see Gani et al. (2020) Holistic thinking strategy is applied most recently to integrating, backcasting and eco design for the circular economy (CE) see Mendoza et al. (2017) A student centred learning approach is advocated that makes use of these principles and enables the systematic embedding of sustainability modeling in industrial and economic activities whose success rely substantively on decision making. Finally, the relative importance is evaluated using classroom data available with specific engineering topics of the didactic "rule based" methods of knowledge transfer in contrast with the experiential accumulation of practical information amassed through social interactions in a co operative learning environment that relies on sustained improvement through active communication and feedback between the teacher/instructor and the student/learner; see Stephan et al. (2017) and Shallcross and Alpay (2018)
Possibilidades contributivas do ensino desenvolvimental para a problematica da falta de atencao dos alunos nas aulas de educacao fisica no ensino fundamental
Year: 2020

Este artigo busca analisar as causas da desatencao dos alunos nas aulas de Educacao Fisica no ensino fundamental de uma escola publica do municipio de Goiania GO e propor algumas possibilidades atraves do ensino desenvolvimental. O processo metodologico deste trabalho embasou se na teoria historico cultural de carater materialista dialetico e na teoria do ensino desenvolvimental. A pesquisa teve como sujeitos uma professora e 19 alunos do ensino fundamental. Conclui se com base na teoria do ensino desenvolvimental, que a causa da desatencao dos alunos pode estar associada com o fato das aulas de Educacao Fisica nao serem pensadas a partir da motivacao destas criancas, e tambem, pelo fato dos ambientes das aulas (quadras e patios) serem compreendidos por eles como um espaco de brincadeira e diversao, nao de aprendizado.