nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Living Wales: automatic and routine environmental monitoring using multi source Earth observation data
Venue: Remote Sensing
Year: 2020

Increasing awareness of the adverse impacts of human induced environmental change have prompted the need for more sustainable development and proactive planetary restoration. An essential component is to equip stakeholders with timely and reliable data that provide informed understanding of landscape change across varying spatial and temporal scales. The Earth Observation Data for Ecosystem Monitoring (EODESM) which is based on the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) is an open source system allowing routine and automatic generation of land cover and change maps from Earth Observation (EO) data. It is currently being developed and implemented at national scales through the Living Wales project (https:/wales.livingearth.online) using multi source freely available EO data, including those provided by the Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 sensors. Airborne LiDAR, Open Street Map, Copernicus High Resolution Layers, and National Forest Inventory data have also been integrated. These EO data are transformed into Environmental Descriptors (EDs) which are then combined in EODESM to generate land cover maps. From those maps, changes are detected in the landscape using the evidence based change module. The system allowed generation of nationally consistent land cover maps for Wales (UK) at 10 m spatial resolution. Using the evidence based change module, 2017 2019 multi year forest clearcutting as well as daily changes in water extent associated with flooding were identified and described. As the system is independent of temporal and spatial scale, EODESM has the capacity to classify diverse landscape changes across multiple time frames (e.g. localised episodic events or decadal processes) and provides robust, consistent and interpretable classifications. Furthermore, additional EDs can be ingested, which provides a logical and simple approach to tailoring user requirements. EODESM shows considerable promise for directing short to long term restoration and enhancing natural resource management in support of greater ecosystem resilience.
Simultaneous User Association and Placement in Multi UAV Enabled Wireless Networks
Venue: WSA
Year: 2018

In this paper, we are proposing a map based approach for the optimal placement of multiple UAV based flying wireless relays in a cellular network. The tackled problem is two fold, involving a joint UAV user association problem and 3D placement problem. While related problems were addressed before, the novelty of our approach lies in the fact it builds on a combination of probabilistic and deterministic line of sight (LoS) classifiers which exploits the availability of a 3D city map. While the original problem is very challenging in its dimension, we give a low complexity approach to the placement problem by approximating the optimum UAV positions with a suitably weighted combination of user positions. Our simulations suggest a performance close to that obtained with high complexity exhaustive search for placement.
Trading Value and Information in MDPs
Year: 2012

Interactions between an organism and its environment are commonly treated in the framework of Markov Decision Processes (MDP) While standard MDP is aimed solely at maximizing expected future rewards (value) the circular flow of information between the agent and its environment is generally ignored. In particular, the information gained from the environment by means of perception and the information involved in the process of action selection (i.e. control) are not treated in the standard MDP setting. In this paper, we focus on the control information and show how it can be combined with the reward measure in a unified way. Both of these measures satisfy the familiar Bellman recursive equations, and their linear combination (the free energy) provides an interesting new optimization criterion. The tradeoff between value and information, explored using our info rl algorithm, provides a principled justification for stochastic (soft) policies. We use computational learning theory to show that these optimal policies are also robust to uncertainties in settings with only partial knowledge of the MDP parameters.
Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan dan Return On Assets Terhadap Penyaluran Kredit Pada Bank Umum Konvensional Periode 2012 2015
Year: 2017

Economic activities of society and economy of a country as a whole can not be separated from the banking world. According to the PBI in 2012, a survey of financial statements of bank credit growth during 2012 was dominated by lending to the productive sector, while consumption loans declined. Good performance is expected to gain public confidence in the bank or the banking system as a whole. The tool to assess the loan portfolio is through the financial performance of the bank by using financial ratio analysis with the assessment of factors affecting the DPK, CAR, NPL, and ROA on bank loans. This study aims to determine the effect of DPK, CAR, NPL, and ROA on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The design of this study using hypothesis testing research. The population in this study is a banking company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data collection method used is to collect, record and review secondary data from conventional Commercial Bank financial statements listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012 to 2014 which can be accessed through www.idx.co.id. The research was done by using multiple regression analysis technique using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The results of this study indicate that (1) Third party funds have an effect on bank lending ROA ratios have no effect on bank loans; (2) Capital adequacy ratio has no effect on bank lending (3) Bad debts affect bank loans; (4) ROA ratio has no effect on bank loan; DPK, CAR, NPL ROA
Extra: A Culturally Enriched Malay Text to Speech System.
Year: 2008

This paper concerns the incorporation of naturalness into Malay Text to Speech (TTS) systems through the addition of a culturally localized affective component. Previous studies on emotion theories were examined to draw up assumptions about emotions. These studies also include the findings from observations by anthropologists and researchers on culturalspecific emotions, particularly, the Malay culture. These findings were used to elicit the requirements for modeling affect in the TTS that conforms to the people of the Malay culture in Malaysia. The goal is to introduce a novel method for generating Malay expressive speech by embedding a localized 'emotion layer' called eXpressive Text Reader Automation Layer, abbreviated as eXTRA. In a pilot project, the prototype is used with Fasih, the first Malay Text to Speech system developed by MIMOS Berhad, which can read unrestricted Malay text in four emotions: anger, sadness, happiness and fear. In this paper however, concentration is given to the first two emotions. eXTRA is evaluated through open perception tests by both native and non native listeners. The results show more than sixty percent of recognition rate, which confirmed the satisfactory performance of the approaches.
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Year: 2018

The average price of Urals grade oil as per the 2018 year end results was slightly more than 70.2 USD/ bbl. Apart from the extension of the OPEC+ deal, price stabilization and growth in 2018 were worsened by the political situation in a number of oil exporting countries and the strengthening of the sanctions pressure. Due to the measures taken by OPEC, the Brent grade oil price remained at the level of above 70 USD/bbl for most of the year. In Q4, it exceeded 84 USD/bbl. In 2018, the oil supply surplus on the world market was partially mitigated owing to the collective efforts of the countries participating in the OPEC+ production restriction deal. However, significant growth of oil price caused production intensification and resulted in price
A reliability based recommendation method to improve trust aware recommender systems
Venue: Expert Syst. Appl.
Year: 2015

We proposed a trust based collaborative filtering method called RTCF.A trust based reliability measure is proposed to evaluate quality of predicted rates.A new mechanism is proposed to reconstruct the trust network.Experiments were performed on two real world datasets.The results show that our method outperformed several state of the art methods. Recommender systems (RSs) are programs that apply knowledge discovery techniques to make personalized recommendations for user's information on the web. In online sharing communities or e commerce sites, trust is an important mechanism to improve relationship among users. Trust aware recommender systems are techniques to make use of trust statements and user personal data in social networks. The accuracy of ratings prediction in RSs is one of the most important problems. In this paper, a Reliability based Trust aware Collaborative Filtering (RTCF) method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the trust aware recommender systems. In the proposed method first of all, the initial trust network of the active user is constructed by using combination of the similarity values and the trust statements. Then, an initial rate is predicted for an unrated item of the user. In the next step, a novel trust based reliability measure is proposed to evaluate the quality of the predicted rate. Then, a new mechanism is performed to reconstruct the trust network for those of the users with lower reliability value than a predefined threshold. Finally, the final rate of the unrated item is predicted based on the new trust network of the user. In other words, the proposed method provides a dynamic mechanism to construct trust network of the users based on the proposed reliability measure. Therefore, the proposed method leads to improve the reliability and also the accuracy of the predictions. Experimental results performed on two real world datasets including; Epinions and Flixster, demonstrated that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy and also obtained reasonable user and rate coverage compared to several state of the art recommender system methods.
A red edge spectral index for remote sensing estimation of green LAI over agroecosystems
Year: 2013

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key biophysical parameter for the monitoring of agroecosystems. Conventional two band vegetation indices based on red and near infrared relationships such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are well known to suffer from saturation at moderate to high LAI values (3 5) To bypass this saturation effect, in this work a robust alternative has been proposed for the estimation of green LAI over a wide variety of crop types. By using data from European Space Agency (ESA) campaigns SPARC 2003 and 2004 (Barrax, Spain) experimental LAI values over 9 different crop types have been collected while at the same time spaceborne imagery have been acquired using the hyperspectral CHRIS (Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) sensor onboard PROBA (Project for On Board Autonomy) satellite. This extensive dataset allowed us to evaluate the optimal band combination through spectral indices based on normalized differences. The best linear correlation against the experimental LAI dataset was obtained by combining the 674 nm and 712 nm wavebands. These wavelengths correspond to the maximal chlorophyll absorption and the red edge position region, respectively, and are known to be sensitive to the physiological status of the plant. Contrary to the NDVI (r2: 0.68) the red edge NDI correlated strongly (r2: 0.82) with LAI without saturating at larger values. The index has been subsequently validated against field data from the 2009 SEN3EXP campaign (Barrax, Spain) that again spanned a wide variety of crop types. A linear relationship over the full LAI range was confirmed and the regression equation was applied to a CHRIS/PROBA image acquired during the same campaign. A LAI map has been derived with an RMSE accuracy of 0.6. It is concluded that the red edge spectral index is a powerful alternative for LAI estimation and may provide valuable information for precision agriculture, e.g. when applied to high spatial resolution imagery.
Obstetric outcomes after transfer of vitrified blastocysts.
Venue: Human reproduction
Year: 2010

It has been claimed that the risks to the child resulting from vitrification as compared with the slow freezing technique, may be higher owing to the high concentrations of potentially toxic cryoprotectants. We therefore retrospectively compared the obstetric and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of children born after transfer of vitrified blastocysts, fresh blastocysts and slow frozen early cleavage stage embryos.  All children born after transfer of vitrified blastocysts (n 106) fresh blastocysts (n 207) and slow frozen early cleavage stage embryos (n 206) during the period January 2006 to May 2008 at Fertility Center Scandinavia were included. Data on obstetric and neonatal outcomes were obtained from medical records from the antenatal and delivery clinics.  For singletons, there were no significant differences between the groups in gestational age, mortality or birth defects. After adjustment for parity and BMI, birthweight was significantly higher in singletons born after transfer of vitrified blastocysts as compared with after transfer of fresh blastocysts (median 3560 versus 3510 g, P 0.0311) More singletons born after transfer of fresh blastocysts were small for gestational age compared with singletons born after transfer of vitrified blastocysts (12.1 versus 3.0% P 0.0085) A higher rate of major post partum haemorrhage was observed in the vitrified blastocyst group as compared with the other two groups (25.0 versus 6.0 and 7.5%  No adverse neonatal outcomes were observed in children born after transfer of vitrified, as compared with fresh blastocysts or after transfer of slow frozen early cleavage stage embryos.
Secure Transmission for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in AF Untrusted Relay Networks
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2019

This paper investigates secure communications of energy harvesting untrusted relay networks, where the destination assists jamming signal to prevent the untrusted relay from eavesdropping and to improve the forwarding ability of the energy constrained relay. Firstly, the source and the destination transmit the signals to the relay with maximal ratio transmission (MRT) technique or transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique. Then, the destination utilizes maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique or receive antenna selection (RAS) technique to receive the forwarded information. Therefore, four transmission and reception schemes are considered. For each scheme, the closed form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the connection outage probability (COP) are derived. Besides, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) metric is analyzed to achieve a good tradeoff between security and reliability. In addition, the asymptotic performance of EST is also considered at the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) Finally, simulation results illustrate that: (1) the EST of the system with MRT and MRC scheme are superior to other schemes, however, in the high SNR regime, the EST of the system with MRT scheme is inferior to TAS; and (2) for the source node, there exists an optimal number of antennas to maximize the EST of the proposed schemes.
Self Assembled Aptamer Nanomedicine for Targeted Chemotherapy and Gene Therapy.
Venue: Small
Year: 2018

Chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) However, chemotherapy can cause severe adverse effects in patients because it is not ALCL specific. In this study, a multifunctional aptamer nanomedicine (Apt NMed) achieving targeted chemotherapy and gene therapy of ALCL is developed. Apt NMed is formulated by self assembly of synthetic oligonucleotides containing CD30 specific aptamer and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) specific siRNA followed by self loading of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) Apt NMed exhibits a well defined nanostructure (diameter 59 mm) and stability in human serum. Under aptamer guidance, Apt NMed specifically binds and internalizes targeted ALCL cells. Intracellular delivery of Apt NMed triggers rapid DOX release for targeted ALCL chemotherapy and intracellular delivery of the ALK specific siRNA induced ALK oncogene silencing, resulting in combined therapeutic effects. Animal model studies reveal that upon systemic administration, Apt NMed specifically targets and selectively accumulates in ALCL tumor site, but does not react with off target tumors in the same xenograft mouse. Importantly, Apt NMed not only induces significantly higher inhibition in ALCL tumor growth, but also causes fewer or no side effects in treated mice compared to free DOX. Moreover, Apt NMed treatment markedly improves the survival rate of treated mice, opening a new avenue for precision treatment of ALCL.
Malnutrition in hospitalized Asian seniors: An issue that calls for action
Year: 2015

In Asia, the proportion of older people (i.e. 65 years) in the population is already high and will continue to grow in the 21 st century. Malnutrition, particularly undernutrition, is a common and costly problem among older people in communities and in hospitals. People with acute and chronic conditions are at a high risk of malnutrition. In our paper, we review the tools that are used to screen for malnutrition risk and to ascertain malnutrition. We call on health care professionals in Asia to take action against malnutrition in older people. Increased attention to nutritional care is essential to improving the wellbeing of older people and containing health care costs.
Genetically Modified Organisms
Year: 2020

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic characteristics have been changed through the insertion of a modified gene or of a gene from another organism, or through the elimination of a gene. These genetic engineering techniques, also known as "recombinant DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] technology," aim to introduce a new property into an existing organism's genome for some human purpose (see Biotechnology) The genes inserted to create GMOs may include modified gene sequences from within the same species or from sexually compatible species (intragenic GMOs) or they may be sourced from distinct species (transgenic GMOs) Some examples of GMOs include transgenic microbes used to produce insulin for treatment of diabetes, transgenic plants created in order to resist pests or to provide greater nutritional value, and genetically modified viruses that deliver disease curing genes into human cells. Genetic engineering has also produced transgenic fish with growth enhancing properties, and even ornamental transgenic fish with fluorescent color.  benefit cost analysis; biodiversity; bioethics; intellectual property; risk
Heritage and Authenticity
Year: 2015

The heritage crusade, as Lowenthal (2003) called it, is inextricably linked to an authenticity craze. Authenticity in heritage has been sought, tested, praised, critiqued and denied from the perspectives of art, architecture, landscape, anthropology, archaeology, tourism, museums and other fields. In a popular book, The Authenticity Hoax (2010) Andrew Potter observed that 'authenticity is a contrastive term' and 'is something people definitely want. That is, when something is described as "authentic" what is invariably meant is that it is a Good Thing' (2010, p. 6) Though some argue that profitable discussion of authenticity has reached its end, I believe that the concept remains vitally important, albeit changed from earlier understandings.
Metasurface Color Filters Using Aluminum and Lithium Niobate Configurations
Venue: Nanoscale Research Letters
Year: 2020

Two designs of metasurface color filters (MCFs) using aluminum and lithium niobate (LN) configurations are proposed and numerically studied. They are denoted as tunable aluminum metasurface (TAM) and tunable LN metasurface (TLNM) respectively. The configurations of MCFs are composed of suspended metasurfaces above aluminum mirror layers to form a Fabry Perot (F P) resonator. The resonances of TAM and TLNM are red shifted with tuning ranges of 100 nm and 111 nm, respectively, by changing the gap between the bottom mirror layer and top metasurface. Furthermore, the proposed devices exhibit perfect absorption with ultra narrow bandwidth spanning the whole visible spectral range by composing the corresponding geometrical parameters. To increase the flexibility and applicability of proposed devices, TAM exhibits high sensitivity of 481.5 nm/RIU and TLNM exhibits high figure of merit (FOM) of 97.5 when the devices are exposed in surrounding environment with different refraction indexes. The adoption of LN based metasurface can enhance FWHM and FOM values as 10 fold and 7 fold compared to those of Al based metasurface, which greatly improves the optical performance and exhibits great potential in sensing applications. These proposed designs provide an effective approach for tunable high efficiency color filters and sensors by using LN based metamaterial.
The Effect of Snakes and Ladders Media Intervention on Knowledge prevention of Diarrhea among Elementary Students in Bandung
Venue: KnE Life Sciences
Year: 2019

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death among children in the world. Majority of affected children's were in the school age group. It causes 2 million of children die in the world, and 420 thousands of children in West Java. Data of SD Negeri 1 Kertajaya during July August 2017, 7 students were affected by diarrhea and 4 of them were fifth grade students. Several action has been implemented as a prevention strategic to reduce the number of diarrhea cases with a recent approach is using an educative game. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of snakes and ladders ameon the knowledge of diarrhea prevention.Apre experiment alone group pretest posttest design was conducted with simple random sampling technique. We used 20 students, which divided in 5 group, for each group consist of 4 students. We used prevention knowledge questioner as an instruments. The knowledge of students were measure before and after intervention by using t paired test. The results of the study show that p value<0.05 that means snakes and ladders game is effective to increased knowledge of students about diarrhea prevention. It was concluded that the snakes and ladders media is effective to increase the knowledge of diarrhea prevention. Suggestion for the Community Health Centre to provide an educative game to give health education for the children population.