nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructing a multi sided business model for a smart horizontal IoT service platform
Venue: 2013 17th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN)
Year: 2013

In order to realize a viable business ecosystem in the Internet of Things (IoT) we investigated how a smart horizontal IoT service platform can bring value and economies of scale to all required ecosystem stakeholders. By means of an example application domain case, this paper constructs a multi sided business model illustrating how such viable business ecosystem can be achieved leveraging the key platform features.
Automatic Internal Segmentation of Caudate Nucleus for Diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Venue: ICIAR
Year: 2012

Studies on volumetric brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed neuroanatomical abnormalities in pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) In particular, the diminished right caudate volume is one of the most replicated findings among ADHD samples in morphometric MRI studies. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic method for internal caudate nucleus segmentation based on machine learning. Moreover, the ratio between right caudate body volume and the bilateral caudate body volume is applied in a ADHD diagnostic test. We separately validate the automatic internal segmentation of caudate in head and body structures and the diagnostic test using real data from ADHD and control subjects. As a result, we show accurate internal caudate segmentation and similar performance among the proposed automatic diagnostic test and the manual annotation.
Behavioral Analysis of Transformer Models on Complex Grammatical Structures
Venue: 2020 15th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI NLP)
Year: 2020

State of the art neural MT, e.g. Transformer, yields quite promising translation accuracy. However, these models are easy to be interfered by noises, causing over and undertranslation issues. This paper presents a behavioral analysis of Transformer models in translating complex grammatical structures, i.e. multiple word expressions and long distance dependency. Results consistently show that the more complex structures, the less translation accuracy the models yield. We imply that as phrase structures become more complex, the focus patterns learned by the attention mechanism may get erratically sporadic due to the issue of data sparseness. We suggest the use of locality penalty and the increase of attention heads to mitigate the issue, but their trade offs should also be aware.
Early Cognitive Impairment After Sedation for Colonoscopy: The Effect of Adding Midazolam and/or Fentanyl to Propofol
Venue: Anesthesia and analgesia
Year: 2009

The sedative drug combination that produces minimal cognitive impairment and optimal operating conditions during colonoscopy has not been determined. We sought to determine if the use of propofol alone results in less cognitive impairment at discharge than the use of propofol plus midazolam and/or fentanyl in patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy.  Two hundred adult patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to receive propofol alone or propofol plus midazolam, and/or fentanyl for IV sedation. Baseline cognitive function was measured using the computerized CogState test battery (Cogstate(tm) Melbourne, Australia) before sedation. During the procedure, sedative drug doses, depth of sedation (via the bispectral index and observer's assessment of alertness/sedation score) complications, and treatability were recorded. Patients were interviewed about recall immediately after emerging from sedation, and cognitive testing was repeated at hospital discharge. Recovery times, quality of recovery, and satisfaction with care were also recorded.  In the propofol plus adjuvants group, 84 patients received fentanyl 50 &mgr;g (25 100) (median [range] and 57 patients received midazolam 2 mg (0.5 10) Patients' cognitive function at discharge was worse than their performance at baseline. However, the changes in cognitive function between discharge and baseline were not significantly different between the two groups. At discharge, 18.5% of patients were cognitively impaired to an extent equivalent to a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% Sedation with propofol plus midazolam and/or fentanyl produced better operating conditions than sedation with propofol alone and was associated with shorter procedure times. Recovery times, recall, dreaming, quality of recovery, and patient satisfaction with care were similar between the groups. Administration of >2 mg of midazolam was a predictor of impaired cognitive function at discharge.  Significant cognitive impairment was common at discharge from elective outpatient colonoscopy. However, the addition of midazolam and/or fentanyl to propofol sedation did not result in more cognitive impairment than the use of propofol alone. Furthermore, the use of adjuvants improved the ease of colonoscopy without increasing the rate of complications or prolonging early recovery times.
Value of Dynamic Contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Diagnosing BI RADS Category 4 5 Breast Lesions
Year: 2012

The objective was to investigate the value of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE MRI)and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)in diagnosing BI RADS category 4 5 breast mass like lesions. Seventy patients with BI RADS category 4 5 breast lesions were studied by DCE MRI before histopathologic verification.The time signal intensity curves(TIC) were obtained.The imaging features were statictically analyzed with chi square test or Fisher's exact test.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values were recorded and analyzed by t test and ROC analysis. Pathologic diagnoses revealed 42 malignant lesions and 27 benign ones.Significant difference was found between malignant and benign lesions on the basis of spiculated margin,rim enhancement,and TIC of rush out type for the BI RADS 4 5 lesions(P 0.05).Significant difference wasn't found between malignant and benign lesions on the basis of the lesion shapes and the early enhancement rates for the BI RADS 4 5 lesions(P 0.05).Significant difference was found between malignant and benign lesions on the basis of ADC values(t=4.903,P=0.000).The sensitivity(82.4% and specificity(80.6% were obtained with b value of 900 s/mm2 and threshold of 1.12x10 3 mm2/s.Fibroadenoma and intraductal papilloma were the usual lesions to produce false positive results. Conjunction of DCE MRI and DWI is helpful to improve the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions,and it is useful to guide the clinical therapy.
6 DOF Pose Estimation of a Robotic Navigation Aid by Tracking Visual and Geometric Features
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering
Year: 2015

This paper presents a 6 DOF pose estimation (PE) method for a robotic navigation aid (RNA) for the visually impaired. The RNA uses a single 3D camera for PE and object detection. The proposed method processes the camera's intensity and range data to estimates the camera's egomotion that is then used by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) as the motion model to track a set of visual features for PE. A RANSAC process is employed in the EKF to identify inliers from the visual feature correspondences between two image frames. Only the inliers are used to update the EKF's state. The EKF integrates the egomotion into the camera's pose in the world coordinate system. To retain the EKF's consistency, the distance between the camera and the floor plane (extracted from the range data) is used by the EKF as the observation of the camera's z coordinate. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method results in accurate pose estimates for positioning the RNA in indoor environments. Based on the PE method, a wayfinding system is developed for localization of the RNA in a home environment. The system uses the estimated pose and the floorplan to locate the RNA user in the home environment and announces the points of interest and navigational commands to the user through a speech interface.
Some extended Pochhammer symbols and their applications involving generalized hypergeometric polynomials
Venue: Appl. Math. Comput.
Year: 2014

Ever since 2012 when Srivastava et al. 22] introduced and initiated the study of many interesting fundamental properties and characteristics of a certain pair of potentially useful families of the so called generalized incomplete hypergeometric functions, there have appeared many closely related works dealing essentially with notable developments involving various classes of generalized hypergeometric functions and generalized hypergeometric polynomials, which are defined by means of the corresponding incomplete and other novel extensions of the familiar Pochhammer symbol. Here, in this sequel to some of these earlier works, we derive several general families of hypergeometric generating functions by applying (for example) some such combinatorial identities as Gould's identity, which stem essentially from the Lagrange expansion theorem. We also indicate various (known or new) special cases and consequences of the results presented in this paper.
Adaptive Leader Follower Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Venue: 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Year: 2019

We propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methodology for the tracking, obstacle avoidance, and formation control of nonholonomic robots. By separating vision based control into a perception module and a controller module, we can train a DRL agent without sophisticated physics or 3D modeling. In addition, the modular framework averts daunting retrains of an image to action end to end neural network, and provides flexibility in transferring the controller to different robots. First, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to accurately localize in an indoor setting with dynamic foreground/background. Then, we design a new DRL algorithm named Momentum Policy Gradient (MPG) for continuous control tasks and prove its convergence. We also show that MPG is robust at tracking varying leader movements and can naturally be extended to problems of formation control. Leveraging reward shaping, features such as collision and obstacle avoidance can be easily integrated into a DRL controller.
A sliding time window heuristic for open pit mine block sequencing
Venue: Optim. Lett.
Year: 2011

The open pit mine block sequencing problem (OPBS) seeks a discretetime production schedule that maximizes the net present value of the orebody extracted from an open pit mine. This integer program (IP) discretizes the mine's volume into blocks, imposes precedence constraints between blocks, and limits resource consumption in each time period. We develop a "sliding time window heuristic" to solve this IP approximately. The heuristic recursively defines, solves and partially fixes an approximating model having: (i) fixed variables in early time periods, (ii) an exact submodel defined over a "window" of middle time periods, and (iii) a relaxed submodel in later time periods. The heuristic produces near optimal solutions (typically within 2% of optimality) for model instances that standard optimization software fails to solve. Furthermore, it produces these solutions quickly, even though our OPBS model enforces standard upper bounding constraints on resource consumption along with less standard, but important, lower bounding constraints.
The Physiological Effects of Hockey Protective Equipment on High Intensity Intermittent Exercise: 2369
Year: 2006

Ice hockey is a contact sport played in a cold environment which leads to assumptions that players are not exposed to a thermal challenge. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the wearing of hockey protective equipment during an exercise protocol designed to simulate a hockey game would induce a thermal challenge and lead to decrements in performance. In order to test this hypothesis and qualify the physiological responses, subjects performed a standardized protocol performed on a stationary cycle ergometer in an environmental chamber set at typical (12oC) ice hockey ambient conditions. The simulation was performed twice; once while wearing cotton undergarments only (NP) and once while wearing cotton undergarments and the typical protective equipment worn during a hockey game (P) Work intensity during each trial was held constant and was evaluated by examining mean power output, which was similar under both P and NP conditions (348.2 W vs 352.08 W, P 0.05) P vs NP, respectively. Body (37.18 oC vs 36.58 oC) and skin temperatures (34.12 oC vs 28.85 oC) were elevated in P vs NP, respectively (P<0.05) Core temperatures (37.50 oC vs 37.41oC) displayed a trend towards being higher in P vs NP particularly during the third period of simulation (P 0.053) Sweat loss as a percent of body mass was greater in P vs NP (2.57% vs 1.18% respectively P<0.05) which led to an increase in plasma osmolality (287 vs 283 mosmol/kg H2O, respectively P<0.05) working heart rate (83.7% vs 78.8% of maximum heart rate) resting heart rate (63.4% and 55.9% of maximum heart rate) and urine specific gravity (1.026 vs 1.017) for P vs NP respectively (each P<0.05) The drop off in power from pre to post simulated game was examined in both conditions by the use of five repeated maximal six second sprints interspersed with 24 seconds of recovery. The drop off in both peak (12.0% vs 0.2% and mean power (14.5% vs 2.7% was greater in P versus NP (P<0.05) Plasma lactate concentration was higher following the simulated game in P vs NP (9.64 vs 5.96 mmol/L, P<0.05) as was plasma norepinephrine (2274.0 vs 1366.9 pg/ml, P<0.05) Rating of Perceived Exertion increased by 30 53% in the P condition (P<0.05) even though power outputs were equivalent. The elevated body temperature and increased water loss appeared to increase glycolytic flux, which when coupled with the consequences of thermal stress, reduced power output and led to the perception of elevated work intensities during the simulated game.
A biomimetic microfluidic chip to study the circulation and mechanical retention of red blood cells in the spleen
Venue: American journal of hematology
Year: 2015

Red blood cells (RBCs) are deformable and flow through vessels narrower than their own size. Their deformability is most stringently challenged when they cross micrometer wide slits in the spleen. In several inherited or acquired RBC disorders, blockade of small vessels by stiff RBCs can trigger organ damage, but a functional spleen is expected to clear these abnormal RBCs from the circulation before they induce such complications. We analyzed flow behavior of RBCs in a microfluidic chip that replicates the mechanical constraints imposed on RBCs as they cross the human spleen. Polymer microchannels obtained by soft lithography with a hydraulic diameter of 25 mm drove flow into mechanical filtering units where RBCs flew either slowly through 5 to 2 mm wide slits or rapidly along 10 mm wide channels, these parallel paths mimicking the splenic microcirculation. Stiff heated RBCs accumulated in narrow slits seven times more frequently than normal RBCs infused simultaneously. Stage dependent retention of Plasmodium falciparum infected RBCs was also observed in these slits. We also analyzed RBCs from patients with hereditary spherocytosis and observed retention for those having the most altered mechanical properties as determined by ektacytometry. Thus, in keeping with previous observations in vivo and ex vivo, the chip successfully discriminated poorly deformable RBCs based on their distinct mechanical properties and on the intensity of the cell alteration. Applications to the exploration of the pathogenesis of malaria, hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell disease and other RBC disorders are envisioned. 2015.
Observer Based Feedback Controller Design for a Class of Stochastic Systems With Non Gaussian Variables
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Year: 2015

In this note, the observer based feedback control problem is investigated for a class of non Gaussian stochastic systems. The proposed control strategy is the optimal control under a performance function measuring a sort of entropy of the state deviation. Sufficient conditions under which the closed loop system is locally and ultimately bounded in the mean square sense are presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
The Role of Explainability in Assuring Safety of Machine Learning in Healthcare
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Established approaches to assuring safety critical systems and software are difficult to apply to systems employing machine learning (ML) In many cases, ML is used on ill defined problems, e.g. optimising sepsis treatment, where there is no clear, pre defined specification against which to assess validity. This problem is exacerbated by the "opaque" nature of ML where the learnt model is not amenable to human scrutiny. Explainable AI methods have been proposed to tackle this issue by producing human interpretable representations of ML models which can help users to gain confidence and build trust in the ML system. However, there is not much work explicitly investigating the role of explainability for safety assurance in the context of ML development. This paper identifies ways in which explainable AI methods can contribute to safety assurance of ML based systems. It then uses a concrete ML based clinical decision support system, concerning weaning of patients from mechanical ventilation, to demonstrate how explainable AI methods can be employed to produce evidence to support safety assurance. The results are also represented in a safety argument to show where, and in what way, explainable AI methods can contribute to a safety case. Overall, we conclude that explainable AI methods have a valuable role in safety assurance of ML based systems in healthcare but that they are not sufficient in themselves to assure safety.
Detection of pork in processed meat products by species specific PCR for halal verification: food fraud cases in Hat Yai, Thailand
Year: 2020

F U L L P A P E R Detection of pork in processed meat products by species specific PCR for halal verification: food fraud cases in Hat Yai, Thailand Mohd Hafidz, M.M. Makatar, W H. Adilan, H. and Nawawee, T. International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) 53100, Jalan Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia Halal Institute, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai Campus, 90112, Thailand.
A quantitative analysis of the prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety in patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance
Venue: BMJ Open
Year: 2015

To quantitatively determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in men on active surveillance (AS) Design Cross sectional questionnaire survey.  Secondary care prostate cancer (PCa) clinics across South, Central and Western England. Participants 313 men from a total sample of 426 with a histological diagnosis of PCa currently managed with AS were identified from seven UK urology departments. The mean age of respondents was 70 (51 86) years with the majority (76% being married or in civil partnerships. 94% of responders were of white British ethnicity.  The prevalence of clinically meaningful depression and anxiety as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; score =8/21) Secondary outcome measures Patient demographic data (age, employment, relationship, ethnic and educational status) Each demographic variable was cross tabulated against patients identified as depressed or anxious to allow for the identification of variables that were significantly associated with depression and anxiety. In order to determine predictors for depression and anxiety among the demographic variables, logistic regression analyses were conducted, with p<0.05 considered as indicating statistical significance.  The prevalence of clinical anxiety and depression as determined via the HADS (HADS =8) was 23% (n=73) and 12.5% (n=39) respectively. Published data from men in the general population of similar age has shown prevalence rates of 8% and 6% respectively, indicating a twofold increase in depression and a threefold increase in anxiety among AS patients. Our findings also suggest that AS patients experience substantially greater levels of anxiety than patients with PCa treated radically. The only demographic predictor for anxiety or depression was divorce.  Patients with PCa managed with AS experienced substantially higher rates of anxiety and depression than that expected in the general population. Strategies to address this are needed to improve the management of this population and their quality of life.
Lithium and the Woozle Effect?
Venue: Bipolar disorders
Year: 2020

The article "Lithium and Woozle effect" by Kelly T1 discusses the reasons for discrepancies between the guidelines recommending for and against lithium. They have reported that woozle effect, reference inflation, belief perseverance were present in the guidelines recommending lithium. In this context, it might be imperative to critically overview guidelines recommending against lithium such as Texas medication algorithm project, The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry bipolar depression guidelines, British Association for Psychopharmacology, International College of Neuro Psychopharmacology, and The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE) bipolar guidelines.