nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Face Recognition and Face Detection using Skin Colour Model
Year: 2014

As one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding, face recognition has recently gained significant attention, especially during the past several years. Human face recognition play important roles in many applications such as video surveillance and face image database management. In this project, we have worked on face recognition techniques and developed algorithms for them. In face recognition the algorithm used is PCA (principal component analysis) using eigen faces in which we recognize an unknown test image by comparing it with the known training images stored in the database as well as display information of the person detected. This algorithms give different rates of accuracy under different conditions as experimentally observed. In face detection, we have developed an algorithm that can detect human faces from an image. We have taken skin colour as a tool for detection. This technique works well for Indian faces which have a specific complexion varying under certain range. We have taken real life examples and simulated the algorithms in MATLAB successfully.
Integrated project delivery, an alternative to the usual form of construction work in Spain Metodos colaborativos, un cambio para la construccion en Espana
Year: 2017

The productivity of the construction sector in Spain is very low, as compared to other economic sectors, as with other countries in our environment. It takes us to a deep reflection on whether we are doing things right and what improvements can we introduce to increase production. These improvements must necessarily be technological and methodological, since there is a good training of the equipment both at the managerial level, as well as at the technical and in most of the labour levels, it is to exploit the full potential of new IT tools, especially Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the new methodologies that, from the industry, look for greater efficiency of the process and the elimination of all type of losses, like Lean Construction. A change of mentality, necessary to rethink the way of work in which we have been working for so many centuries, as the only possible paradigm, to replace confrontation as a way of producing construction through collaboration between all the agents involved in the work. We will speak in this article about Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as one of the Lean methodologies that enable a profound improvement, we will see its definition, its essential components, and how it application can positively influence the construction process in Spain as it has already demonstrated in others. Resumen La productividad del sector de la construccion en Espana es muy baja, tanto comparativamente con otros sectores economicos, como con la de otros paises de nuestro entorno. Se hace necesaria una profunda reflexion sobre si estamos haciendo bien las cosas y que mejoras podemos introducir para incrementar la produccion. Estas mejoras han de ser necesariamente tecnologicas y metodologicas, ya que existe una buena capacitacion de los equipos tanto a nivel directivo, como en la escala tecnica y en muchos casos en la laboral, es decir, se trata de aprovechar todo el potencial de las nuevas herramientas informaticas, especialmente Building Information Modeling (BIM) y de las nuevas metodologias que, provenientes de la industria, buscan una mayor eficacia del proceso y la eliminacion de todo tipo de perdidas, como Lean Construction. Un cambio de mentalidad necesario, que pasa por replantearnos la forma de trabajo en la que llevamos tantos siglos empenados, como unico paradigma posible, sustituir el enfrentamiento, como forma de producir la construccion, por la colaboracion entre todos los agentes intervinientes en la obra. Hablaremos en este articulo de los Metodos Colaborativos en construccion, que en ingles se han denominado Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) como una de las metodologias Lean que posibilitan una profunda mejora, veremos cual es su definicion, componentes esenciales, y como su aplicacion puede incidir positivamente en el proceso constructivo de nuestro pais al igual que ya lo ha demostrado en otros.
"Where Rome Failed With Hers" Fisher Ames, the Classics, and the Louisiana Purchase
Year: 2018

In March of 1803, an ailing and disgruntled Fisher Ames proclaimed, "I renounce the wrangling world of politics, and devote myself in future to pigs and poultry." Once a leading voice of Federalism in the U.S. House of Representatives, Ames had doggedly promoted his party's agenda with his magisterial orations. Though his failing health forced him into early retirement in 1797, he nevertheless attempted to aid his party through a newspaper campaign that lambasted Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans. By early spring of 1803, however, Ames doubted he could halt his adversaries' unceasing political triumphs. Over the next few months, as the enervated Federalist tended to his New England farm, news of the recently acquired Louisiana territory spread throughout the inchoate republic. Worried that the Louisiana Purchase would have negative consequences, a rejuvenated Ames resumed his public opposition with remarkable fervor. In his eyes, the annexation of Louisiana placed the new republic on a path similar to that of ancient Rome. He wrote, "we now set out with our experimental project, exactly where Rome failed with hers: we now begin, where she ended." Ames was not alone in his anti Purchase sentiment. The acquisition of Louisiana raised a number of ideological and partisan concerns for the waning New England Federalists. In the halls of Congress, the former looseconstructionists decried the unconstitutionality of the purchase, fretted over the
Can Lenders Discern Managerial Ability from Luck? Evidence from Bank Loan Contracts
Year: 2018

We investigate the effect of managerial ability versus luck on bank loan contracting. Borrowers showing a persistently superior managerial ability over previous years (more likely due to ability) enjoy a lower loan spread, while borrowers showing a temporary superior managerial ability (more likely due to luck) do not enjoy any spread reduction. This finding suggests that banks can discern ability from luck when pricing a loan. Firms with high ability managers are more likely to continue their prior lower loan spread. The spread reduction effect of managerial ability is stronger for firms with weak governance structures or poor stakeholder relationships, corroborating the notion that better managerial ability alleviates borrowers' agency and information risks. We also find that well governed banks are better able to price governance into their borrowers' loans, which helps explain why good governance enhances bank value.
Evidence for triplet superconductivity near an antiferromagnetic instability in CrAs
Year: 2018

Superconductivity was recently observed in CrAs as the helimagnetic order is suppressed by applying pressure, suggesting possible unconventional superconductivity. To reveal the nature of the superconducting order parameter of CrAs, here we report the angular dependence of the upper critical field under pressure. Upon rotating the field by {360}\ensuremath{\circ} in the $bc$ plane, six maxima are observed in the upper critical field, where the oscillations have both sixfold and twofold symmetric components. Our analysis suggests the presence of an unconventional odd parity spin triplet state.
Model Study on the Performance of Single Finned Pile in Sand under Tension Loads
Year: 2017

AbstractA variety of structures similar to marine dolphins, dock fendering systems, tower foundations, inundated platforms, and abutments are installed on deep foundations, which are subjected to uplift loads. This paper introduces a modern pile modification strategy known as finned pile that increases pile tension capacity by providing an affirmative anchorage close to the pile tip. The alteration consists of four fins welded at the bottom of a pile around the circumferential area. Comparative small scale model uplift tests were performed on normal piles without fins and on piles with fins. Investigations were done by changing the fin width ratio (b/D) fin inclination angle (b) pile length to diameter ratio (L/D) and soil density. Results indicate that there is a considerable increase in uplift capacity of the piles when using fins at the end of the piles. When fins were installed with effective width equal to the pile diameter and at an inclination angle (b) of 90deg for sand, with relative density (Dr.
Whole Genome Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Outbreak Linked to Online Food Delivery, Shenzhen, China, 2018
Venue: Emerging infectious diseases
Year: 2020

In July 2018, an outbreak of 10 cases of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection occurred in Shenzhen, China. Outbreak investigation complemented by whole genome sequencing traced the source to food ordered online. Our investigation highlights the role of online food delivery platforms as a new mode of foodborne disease transmission.
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences
Year: 2020

Metallic alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by combining two or more different metals. Bimetallic or trimetallic nanoparticles are considered more effective than monometallic nanoparticles because of their synergistic characteristics. In this review, we outline the structure, synthesis method, properties, and biological applications of metallic alloy nanoparticles based on their plasmonic, catalytic, and magnetic characteristics.
Covid 19 crisis in Romania between perception and attitude
Year: 2020

The 2019aEUR"2020 coronavirus pandemic, also known as Covid 19, debuted on December 12, 2019 in downtown Wuhan, China, when a group of people with pneumonia of unknown cause appeared, was mainly linked by the owners of stalls working on the Huanan fish market, who also sold live animals. The virus presents evidence of person to person transmission, and the transmission rate (infection rate) appears to have escalated by mid January. As measures to prevent the spread of the virus, Romania has adapted a strategy to prevent and control this situation, such as: cancellation or closure of air flights, cancellation of residential meetings, closure of large stores, mandatory self aEUR" quarantine of infected persons. Thus, institutions and factories were closed, with the exception of the vital institutions, the closure of churches, educational institutions, universities, sports halls. Awareness campaigns have been launched through the media and social media, the use of disinfectant materials to clean the hands, the use of protective masks and medical gloves, the sanitizing of neighborhoods and roads with cleaning materials. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of the new Coronavirus (COVID19) on the population, both in perception and in attitude. The sample consists of 244 persons and the data obtained after the application of the questionnaire were statistically processed, obtaining the following conclusions: most of the respondents consider that the information received about Covid 19 is correct, a smaller percentage believe that the news about the new Coronavirus are exaggerated; At the same time, the respondents affirm that they will respect all the measures that the Government imposes on them: they will stay at home, they will go out only to buy the necessary products, they will wear masks, gloves, they will wash their hands often. Moreover, most respondents believe that both the country's economy and their personal economy will have to suffer greatly during this period of crisis.
Effect of Probiotics on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Venue: Hypertension
Year: 2014

Previous human clinical trials have shown that probiotic consumption may improve blood pressure (BP) control. The aim of the present systematic review was to clarify the effects of probiotics on BP using a meta analysis of randomized, controlled trials. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library (Central) Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Clinicaltrial.gov databases were searched until January 2014 to identify eligible articles. Meta analysis using a random effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials. Nine trials were included. Probiotic consumption significantly changed systolic BP by 3.56 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 6.46 to 0.66) and diastolic BP by 2.38 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 2.38 to 0.93) compared with control groups. A greater reduction was found with multiple as compared with single species of probiotics, for both systolic and diastolic BP. Subgroup analysis of trials with baseline BP =130/85 mm Hg compared with <130/85 mm Hg found a more significant improvement in diastolic BP. Duration of intervention <8 weeks did not result in a significant reduction in systolic or diastolic BP. Furthermore, subgroup analysis of trials with daily dose of probiotics <1011 colony forming units did not result in a significant meta analysis effect. The present meta analysis suggests that consuming probiotics may improve BP by a modest degree, with a potentially greater effect when baseline BP is elevated, multiple species of probiotics are consumed, the duration of intervention is =8 weeks, or daily consumption dose is =1011 colony forming units.
Origins of human communication
Year: 2008

Winner, 2009 Eleanor Maccoby Book Award in Developmental Psychology, presented by the American Psychological Association. and Honorable Mention, Literature, Language Linguistics category, 2008 PROSE Awards presented by the Professional/Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers. Human communication is grounded in fundamentally cooperative, even shared, intentions. In this original and provocative account of the evolutionary origins of human communication, Michael Tomasello connects the fundamentally cooperative structure of human communication (initially discovered by Paul Grice) to the especially cooperative structure of human (as opposed to other primate) social interaction. Tomasello argues that human cooperative communication rests on a psychological infrastructure of shared intentionality (joint attention, common ground) evolved originally for collaboration and culture more generally. The basic motives of the infrastructure are helping and sharing: humans communicate to request help, inform others of things helpfully, and share attitudes as a way of bonding within the cultural group. These cooperative motives each created different functional pressures for conventionalizing grammatical constructions. Requesting help in the immediate you and me and here and now, for example, required very little grammar, but informing and sharing required increasingly complex grammatical devices. Drawing on empirical research into gestural and vocal communication by great apes and human infants (much of it conducted by his own research team) Tomasello argues further that humans' cooperative communication emerged first in the natural gestures of pointing and pantomiming. Conventional communication, first gestural and then vocal, evolved only after humans already possessed these natural gestures and their shared intentionality infrastructure along with skills of cultural learning for creating and passing along jointly understood communicative conventions. Challenging the Chomskian view that linguistic knowledge is innate, Tomasello proposes instead that the most fundamental aspects of uniquely human communication are biological adaptations for cooperative social interaction in general and that the purely linguistic dimensions of human communication are cultural conventions and constructions created by and passed along within particular cultural groups.
Joint Operations in the Gulf War: An Allison Analysis
Year: 2012

To what extent was the effectiveness of joint operations in the Gulf War influenced by individual service perspectives? This study uses Graham Allison's three models of bureaucratic behavior (Model I, Rational Actor; Model II, Organizational Process; and Model III, Bureaucratic Politics) to answer this question. The value of interservice integration has been recognized for a long time. The Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 (Goldwater Nichols Act) made significant strides in integrating the services at the most senior levels. That is, it effected the component commanders and above. The study concludes that, in general, at the component commander level and above during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, rational decisions were made and rational actions were implemented to prosecute the war (Model I behavior) The Goldwater Nichols legislation did not make as much headway, however, in integrating the services below the level of component commander. Unlike the most senior levels of command, decisions made and actions taken were not always implemented for the most rational reason. For the most part, decisions and actions were Model I. But at times, decisions and actions were not optimal because the decisionmaker/actor lacked information, had a different service perspective, and/or inadequately understood and empathized with members of the other services (primarily Model II, but with traces of Model III as well) Based on these findings, the study suggests that in order to continue to improve interservice integration, we need to teach concepts of service integration early in an officer's career, expand joint interaction and provide some additional standardization among theaters.
A Study on Factors Influencing Brand Preferences among Baby Boomers and Generation Y Buyers in Passenger Car Segment Focussing Chennai Region
Year: 2017

Transportation system is a prodigy by human kind which satisfies the most essential feature called mobility. India is one of the most encouraging and deliberately growing economies followed by china as it has enormous consumer base populations having an ample amount of spending space. It creates employments for thousands and spawn many entrepreneurs. Giant number of foreign brands have come and established in to the Indian automobile industry but due to the constant change in consumer preferences not all of them were able to drive the success waves. It is so convoluted because of the divergent regions, culture and income levels of the people. Therefore in order to attract the customers the marketer has to understand their customers well and also the local market conditions to sustain in their minds. The Indian luxury car market witnessed growth in 2015 and the three German players Mercedes Benz, Audi and BMW dominated the market, posting combined sales of approximately 31,000 units. In 2015, the Indian luxury car market sold 35,300 units and it is expected that sales will grow to 87,300 units by 2020. The sector is expected to grow at a rate of 15% per annum in the period 2015 2018. Growth in the sector has been boosted by a number of new product launches across price points coupled with enhanced dealer network beyond the metropolitan areas in India. Other growth drivers include availability of robust financing options and a focus on localisation of parts. The luxury automobile manufacturers are consistently targeting the young achievers in India who are emerging as an important target segment for the luxury segment in the country. Product launches are catering to the demand from this segment.
Embedding based Query Expansion for Weighted Sequential Dependence Retrieval Model
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 2017

Although information retrieval models based on Markov Random Fields (MRF) such as Sequential Dependence Model and Weighted Sequential Dependence Model (WSDM) have been shown to outperform bag of words probabilistic and language modeling retrieval models by taking into account term dependencies, it is not known how to effectively account for term dependencies in query expansion methods based on pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) for retrieval models of this type. In this paper, we propose Semantic Weighted Dependence Model (SWDM) a PRF based query expansion method for WSDM, which utilizes distributed low dimensional word representations (i.e. word embeddings) Our method finds the closest unigrams to each query term in the embedding space and top retrieved documents and directly incorporates them into the retrieval function of WSDM. Experiments on TREC datasets indicate statistically significant improvement of SWDM over state of the art MRF retrieval models, PRF methods for MRF retrieval models and embedding based query expansion methods for bag of words retrieval models.
Rethinking the Value of Network Pruning
Venue: ICLR
Year: 2019

Network pruning is widely used for reducing the heavy inference cost of deep models in low resource settings. A typical pruning algorithm is a three stage pipeline, i.e. training (a large model) pruning and fine tuning. During pruning, according to a certain criterion, redundant weights are pruned and important weights are kept to best preserve the accuracy. In this work, we make several surprising observations which contradict common beliefs. For all state of the art structured pruning algorithms we examined, fine tuning a pruned model only gives comparable or worse performance than training that model with randomly initialized weights. For pruning algorithms which assume a predefined target network architecture, one can get rid of the full pipeline and directly train the target network from scratch. Our observations are consistent for multiple network architectures, datasets, and tasks, which imply that: 1) training a large, over parameterized model is often not necessary to obtain an efficient final model, 2) learned "important" weights of the large model are typically not useful for the small pruned model, 3) the pruned architecture itself, rather than a set of inherited "important" weights, is more crucial to the efficiency in the final model, which suggests that in some cases pruning can be useful as an architecture search paradigm. Our results suggest the need for more careful baseline evaluations in future research on structured pruning methods. We also compare with the "Lottery Ticket Hypothesis" (Frankle Carbin 2019) and find that with optimal learning rate, the "winning ticket" initialization as used in Frankle Carbin (2019) does not bring improvement over random initialization.
Do some travel purposes lead to more tourist expenditure patterns than others? Evidence from an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) analysis
Year: 2020

Tourists have different travel purposes and show different patterns of resource consumption at travel destinations. The present study examines travel expenditure patterns among domestic travelers with different main travel purposes during the holidays by utilizing the almost ideal demand system approach. The study used data from 760 Korean respondents and determined that tourists pursuing different travel purposes exhibited significant differences in expenditure patterns. The travel expenditure allocation of different tourist types with varying travel purposes can provide important information that can contribute to the sustainable development of tourism destinations by tailoring travel activities and programs for targeted segments.
A power system stabilizer for DFIG based wind generation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Year: 2006

A power system stabilizer (PSS) for a wind turbine employing a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. It is shown that this PSS can significantly influence the contribution that a DFIG based wind farm can make to network damping. A simple, generic test network that combines synchronous and wind farm generation is used to demonstrate system performance contributions. The results of both eigenvalue analysis and time response simulation studies are presented to illustrate contributions to network dynamic and transient performance that the DFIG controller with its PSS can make. Performance capabilities superior to those provided by synchronous generation with automatic voltage regulator and PSS control are demonstrated.