nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Narrative Turn and the Poetics of Resistance: Towards a New Language for Critical Educational Studies
Year: 2012

This article argues for the adoption of a new language in critical educational studies through the 'narrative turn' a turn that politicizes knowledge by drawing attention to questions concerning the meaning, construction and authorship of narratives. In the authors' interpretation going back to the poetics of early narrative forms they development the argument that there is an ancient history of the form that privileges it as a means and form of resistance. The article tracks the adoption of narrative in the human sciences and details the development of narratology as the scientific study of narrative by such luminaries as Paul Ricoeur, and describes the 'crisis of narrative' in the postmodern condition by reference to the work of Lyotard, who begins to problematize the 'metanarrative' and its role in legitimation processes. This political understanding of narrative is further explored in relation to 'narrative identity' through the work of Benedict Anderson, Homi Bhabha and Charles Taylor and their emphasis on social imaginaries.
Pregnancy outcomes of women randomized to receive real versus placebo acupuncture on the day of fresh or frozen thawed embryo transfer.
Venue: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology
Year: 2017

Acupuncture is commonly used in various aspect of Western medicine in recent years including in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Although there are many clinical trials of acupuncture in IVF and the Cochrane meta analysis did not find benefit of adjuvant acupuncture for IVF, there is no report on the pregnancy outcomes of women who had received acupuncture during their IVF treatment.  To compare the pregnancy outcomes of women randomized to receive real versus placebo acupuncture during their IVF treatment.  A retrospective chart review was performed on the 212 women with on going pregnancies after receiving real or placebo acupuncture by sterile disposable stainless steel needles or Streitberger's placebo needles to the acupoints before and after the embryo transfer on the day of fresh or frozen thawed embryo transfer. The pregnancy outcomes were obtained from the Hospital Authority Clinical Management System for deliveries in the public sector or from a self returned questionnaire if those in the private sector.  No significant differences were found between the demographics of the two groups including their age, gravida, parity and the duration of subfertility. Maternal adverse outcomes including gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorder were comparable for the real acupuncture group (35.3% and 4.4% respectively) and the placebo acupuncture group (39.7% and 5.5% respectively) None of the patients had placenta accreta. The preterm delivery <37 weeks gestation) rate in the real acupuncture group (23/86, 26.7% was similar to that in the placebo acupuncture group (25/97, 25.8% No statistical significant difference was found in the mode of delivery. There were no significant differences between the two groups for Apgar scores and birthweight.  Acupuncture during IVF treatment does not influence pregnancy outcomes.
Characteristics of COVID 19 Clinical Trials in China Based on the Registration Data on ChiCTR and ClinicalTrials.gov
Venue: Drug design, development and therapy
Year: 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the fundamental characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID 19) clinical trials registered in China.  COVID 19 clinical trials registered in China were analyzed from databases on ChiCTR and ClinicalTrials.gov. The study designs, samples, primary end points, and intervention measures were evaluated.  In total, 262 intervention clinical trials were retrieved on March 10, 2020. Overall, 181 (69.1% trials involved two groups, 200 (76.3% trials were randomized parallel trials, 24 (9.2% trials were double blind, and 60.3% of trials included =100 participants. Sixty (22.9% trials considered symptom improvement as the primary endpoint and 43 (16.4% trials considered the rate or time at which the subjects became virus free as the primary endpoint. Of 262 intervention studies, chemical drugs and biological products were studied in 105 (40.1% intervention studies, of which antiviral drugs accounted for 15.3% and malaria drugs accounted for 8.4% of the studies. Among all trials, 27.9% of the studies used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 10.3% used cell therapy, and 5.0% used plasma therapy.  This study is the first snapshot of the landscape of COVID 19 clinical trials registered in China and provided the basic features of clinical trial designs for the treatment and prevention of COVID 19 to offer useful information to guide future clinical trials on COVID 19 in other countries.
Beliefs, practices and knowledge of community pharmacists regarding complementary and alternative medicine: national cross sectional study in Lebanon
Venue: BMJ Open
Year: 2019

Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide patients with evidence based information in order to ensure effective and safe use of Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) products.  Assess beliefs, practices and knowledge related to CAM products among community pharmacists in Lebanon.  Using stratified random sampling, a nationally representative survey was conducted among community pharmacists in Lebanon. Through face to face interviews, pharmacists completed a multicomponent questionnaire consisting of four sections: (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) beliefs related to regulation of CAM products, role of media in promoting their safe use, availability of resources and continuing education; (3) practices including selling CAM products, providing advice for patients and reporting adverse effects and (4) knowledge about specific CAM products, their uses, side effects and interactions.  A total of 341 pharmacists agreed to participate (response rate: 86% Only pharmacists with complete data were included in this study (n=310) Pharmacists agreed that CAM products are effective (63.8% and that they should be exclusively sold in pharmacies (80.3% but disagreed that commercially marketed CAM products are well regulated (63.5% and that media plays a positive role in educating users about these products (55.8% As for practices, 64.5% of pharmacists were always or often advising patients on safe use; however, 74.2% of participants rarely or never reported adverse effects. Regarding knowledge, although the majority of pharmacists were aware of the uses of CAM products, fewer knew about their side effects and their interactions with drugs. After adjustment for covariates, receiving education/training on CAM products during university was the sole predictor of higher knowledge score (ss=0.68, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.07)  This study revealed positive beliefs of pharmacists in Lebanon towards CAM products and indicated important gaps in their practice and knowledge. Deliberate efforts to enhance the education of pharmacists are warranted to ensure the safe integration and use of CAM products in Lebanon.
Game Theory Approaches for the Solution of Power System Problems: A Comprehensive Review
Year: 2020

Deregulation and competition appearance in electric power systems and fundamental changes in control and operation structures of such systems require a strong tool for handling such issues. Game theory approach, which is defined as an analytical concept for dealing with the decision making process in a variety of sciences, is vastly employed in power system problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of game theory approach to the solution of electric power system problems. The basic foundation of game theory approach and the basic concepts of such concept will be introduced to make the readers familiar with principals of game theory. Moreover, the introduction and a brief definition of main classifications of game theory including cooperative game, dynamic game, evolutionary game theory and strategic game will be studied. In addition, the implementation of different types of game theory approach to accomplish decision making process in power system problems will be reviewed. The main contributions of recent researches in the area of employment of game theory to power system problems are studied and discussed in details.
Mobile Edge Computing: Architecture, Use cases, Applications
Year: 2020

By enormous growth in IoT and smart devices and the advent of many new applications, Internet traffic volume has been growing exponentially. Analyzing such flooding traffic requires enormous compute and bandwidth and raises privacy concerns. Edge platforms can become the tool to ease the burden by bringing resources to the proximity of data. Therefore, new architectures, which bring network functions and contents to the network edge, are proposed, i.e. mobile edge computing and caching. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review on the literature research efforts on mobile edge networks. We give an overview of mobile edge networks, including definition, architecture and application and use cases. We then survey the issues related to computing, caching, and communication techniques at the network edge with the focus on applications and use cases of mobile edge networks. I  Many mobile applications relay on remote data centers. This imposes high loads of data in mobile networks due to uploading and downloading data to and from data centers. Demand of bandwidth is expected to be doubled each year  Moreover, mobile devices have the computation power of a sever in a decade ago. With the increase of computational power, novel mobile applications such as Augmented Reality (AR) become realistic. On the other hand, Internet of Things (IoT) enables resource limited devices to interconnect with the Internet. To support IoT, new techniques such as computation offloading are introduced in order to offload a part of the computation to a remote cloud server. Although the offloading brings lower energy consumption and computation power, it may introduce extra latency while exchanging data between the device and cloud servers. To address this issue, cloudlet offloading has become prevalent. In this technique the computational task is offloaded to a cloud server in the proximity of the mobile device using Wi Fi  However, Cloudlet has its own pitfalls. First it is only accessible through Wi Fi that will only cover a short range, Second, it is not scalable in terms of resource provisioning. To mitigate all the limitations and issues mentioned above, a new paradigm called Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been introduced. This concept was firstly proposed by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) 1
Audit Fees and Money Laundering
Year: 2015

We examine the effect of money laundering on audit fees. Money laundering measures a broad category of offenses involving financial transactions with funds or monetary instruments gained through criminal activities and tax evasion. We find that firms headquartered in U.S. states with high money laundering risks pay more audit fees. Our results suggest that auditors incorporate higher risk level for clients who operate in high money laundering states and accordingly charge a fee premium. We also document that auditors charge higher audit fee for firms headquartered in high ML states as well as operate in tax haven countries. Our results are robust to controlling for a large number of firm level and county level characteristics including social capital, education, and income.
Observation of carrier lifetime distribution in 4H SiC thick epilayers using microscopic time resolved free carrier absorption system
Year: 2020

The carrier lifetime is an important parameter for high voltage SiC bipolar devices because its distribution in drift layers affects the device performance. Observation techniques for carrier lifetime, along with the development of carrier lifetime control processes, are important to control carrier lifetime distribution. In this study, we developed a microscopic time resolved free carrier absorption system that has a variable spot size of excitation light and two different probe light wavelengths (405 and 637 nm) By selecting a relatively small spot size of excitation light and the probe light of shorter wavelength (405 nm) the distribution of carrier lifetime was observed with a high spatial resolution of ~3 mm. Additionally, by using a relatively large spot size of excitation light and the probe light that leads to stronger free carrier absorption (637 nm) an accurate measurement of carrier lifetime was obtained. The developed system enables the design and development of bipolar SiC devices with carrier lifetime distribution control.
Unified GN model of electro thermoelasticity theories with fractional order of heat transfer
Year: 2018

A unified mathematical model of electro thermoelasticity has been constructed in the context of a new consideration of heat conduction law with fractional order derivative. Some essential theories follow as limit cases. The governing coupled equations are applied to several concrete problems: (a) time dependent thermal shock problem; (b) a problem for a half space subjected to an arbitrary heating and (c) a layer media problem. Laplace transforms are used to derive the solution in the Laplace transform domain. A numerical method is employed for the inversion of the Laplace transforms. According to the numerical results and its graphs, conclusion about the new theory has been constructed. The predictions of the theory are discussed and compared with dynamic classical coupled theory, Lord Shulman, Green Naghdi (GN) and fractional coupled thermoelasticity theories. The result provides a motivation to investigate conducting fractional thermoelectric materials as a new class of applicable materials.
Possibilities and Challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Military Applications
Year: 2018

Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have resulted in a breakthrough for many classical AIapplications, such as computer vision, natural language processing, robotics, and data mining. Therefore, there are many efforts to exploit these developments for military applications, such as surveillance, reconnaissance, threat evaluation, underwater mine warfare, cyber security, intelligence analysis, command and control, and education and training. However, despite the possibilities for AI in military applications, there are many challenges to consider. For instance, 1) high risks means that military AI systems need to be transparent to gain decision maker trust and to facilitate risk analysis; this is a challenge since many AItechniques are black boxes that lack sufficient transparency, 2) military AI systems need to be robust and reliable; this is a challenge since it has been shown that AI techniques may be vulnerable to imperceptible manipulations of input data even without any knowledge about the AI technique that is used, and 3) many AItechniques are based on machine learning that requires large amounts of training data; this is challenge since there is often a lack of sufficient data in military applications. This paper present results from ongoing projects to identity possibilities for AI in military applications, as well as how to address these challenges.
Pre trained language model augmented adversarial training network for Chinese clinical event detection.
Venue: Mathematical biosciences and engineering MBE
Year: 2020

Clinical event detection (CED) is a hot topic and essential task in medical artificial intelligence, which has attracted the attention from academia and industry over the recent years. However, most studies focus on English clinical narratives. Owing to the limitation of annotated Chinese medical corpus, there is a lack of relevant research about Chinese clinical narratives. The existing methods ignore the importance of contextual information in semantic understanding. Therefore, it is urgent to research multilingual clinical event detection. In this paper, we present a novel encoder decoder structure based on pre trained language model for Chinese CED task, which integrates contextual representations into Chinese character embeddings to assist model in semantic understanding. Compared with existing methods, our proposed strategy can help model harvest a language inferential skill. Besides, we introduce the punitive weight to adjust the proportion of loss on each category for coping with class imbalance problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed model, we conduct a range of experiments on test set of our manually annotated corpus. We compare overall performance of our proposed model with baseline models on our manually annotated corpus. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves the best precision of 83.73% recall of 86.56% and F1 score of 85.12% Moreover, we also evaluate the performance of our proposed model with baseline models on minority category samples. We discover that our proposed model obtains a significant increase on minority category samples.
Modified sprint interval training protocols: physiological and psychological responses to 4 weeks of training.
Venue: Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme
Year: 2018

Sprint interval training (SIT) protocols involving brief =15 s) work bouts improve aerobic and anaerobic performance, highlighting peak speed generation as a potentially important adaptive stimulus. To determine the physiological and psychological effects of reducing the SIT work bout duration, while maintaining total exercise and recovery time, 43 healthy males (n 27) and females (n 16) trained for 4 weeks (3 times/week) using one of the following running SIT protocols: (i) 30:240 (n 11; 4 6 x 30 s bouts, 4 min rest) (ii) 15:120 (n 11; 8 12 x 15 s bouts, 2 min rest) (iii) 5:40 (n 12; 24 36 x 5 s bouts, 40 s rest) or (iv) served as a nonexercising control (n 9) Protocols were matched for total work (2 3 min) and rest (16 24 min) durations, as well as the work to rest ratio (1:8 s) Pre and post training measures included a graded maximal oxygen consumption test, a 5 km time trial, and a 30 s maximal sprint test. Self efficacy, enjoyment, and intentions were assessed following the last training session. Training improved maximal oxygen consumption (5.5% P 0.006) and time trial performance (5.2% P 0.039) with a main effect of time for peak speed (1.7% P 0.042) time to peak speed (25% P 0.001) and body fat percentage (1.4% P 0.001) that appeared to be driven by the training. There were no group effects for self efficacy (P 0.926) enjoyment (P 0.249) or intentions to perform SIT 3 (P 0.533) or 5 (P 0.951) times/week. This study effectively demonstrated that the repeated generation of peak speed during brief SIT work bouts sufficiently stimulates adaptive mechanisms promoting increases in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
Light induced control of protein destruction by opto PROTAC
Venue: Science Advances
Year: 2020

Opto PROTAC adds a light inducible switch on PROTAC, enabling optical control for targeted degradation of proteins of interest. By hijacking endogenous E3 ligase to degrade protein targets via the ubiquitin proteasome system, PROTACs (PRoteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) provide a new strategy to inhibit protein targets that were regarded as undruggable before. However, the catalytic nature of PROTAC potentially leads to uncontrolled degradation that causes systemic toxicity issues, limiting the application of PROTAC in the clinic. Here, we introduce a light inducible switch on PROTACs, thereafter termed as opto PROTAC, to enable the degradation of protein targets in a spatiotemporal manner. By adding a photolabile caging group on pomalidomide as a parental compound and two additional PROTACs, dBET1 and dALK, we demonstrated light inducible protein degradation. These opto PROTACs display no activities in the dark, while the restricted degradation can be induced at a specific time and rate by ultraviolet A irradiation. Our approach provides a generalizable platform for the development of light controlled PROTACs and enables PROTAC to be a precision medicine.
Technical aspects of fast magic angle turning NMR for dilute spin 1/2 nuclei with broad spectra.
Venue: Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance
Year: 2011

For obtaining sideband free spectra of high Z spin 1/2 nuclei with large >1000 ppm) chemical shift anisotropies and broad isotropic shift dispersion, we recently identified Gan's modified five pulse magic angle turning (MAT) experiment as the best available broadband pulse sequence, and adapted it to fast magic angle spinning. Here, we discuss technical aspects such as pulse timings that compensate for off resonance effects and are suitable for large CSAs over a range of 1.8gB(1) methods to minimize the duration of z periods by cyclic decrementation; shearing without digitization artifacts, by sharing between channels (points) and maximizing the sensitivity by echo matched full Gaussian filtering. The method is demonstrated on a model sample of mixed amino acids and its large bandwidth is highlighted by comparison with the multiple p pulse PASS technique. Applications to various tellurides are shown; these include GeTe, Sb(2)Te(3) and Ag(0.53)Pb(18)Sb(1.2)Te(20) with spectra spanning up to 190 kHz, at 22 kHz MAS. We have also determined the (125)Te chemical shift anisotropies from the intensities of the spinning sidebands resolved by isotropic shift separation.
Particle removal is explored by the motion of individual particles based on laser induced plasma shock wave
Year: 2020

Removing particles from the device is a challenging in the micro field. The traditional method is easy to often result in device damage. Therefore, developing an alternative method to resolve the shortcomings is necessary for micro contamination removal. In this study, a non contact method is presented, which is based on the shock wave for removal of particles from substrate surface. A series of experiments of particle removal and simulation mode of shock wave characteristics was performed to investigate the removal mechanisms, particle removal modes, and the influence of relevant parameters (laser energy, particle properties, and gap distance d) on particle removal. By analyzing the experimental and simulation results, the particle removal mechanism is dominated by the shock wave ejection mechanism, which is owned to its strong pressure. The particle removal velocity is closely related to the gap distance d and the laser energy, and the maximum velocity was approximately 0.0138Mach for gap distance d is 1.45 mm at the energy of 9.32 mJ. Moreover, it is considered that the detachment will be obtained by the combination of lifting, rolling and sliding modes. Our basic research contributes to a better understanding of the particle removal.