nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DeepPoint3D: Learning Discriminative Local Descriptors using Deep Metric Learning on 3D Point Clouds
Venue: Pattern Recognit. Lett.
Year: 2019

Learning local descriptors is an important problem in computer vision. While there are many techniques for learning local patch descriptors for 2D images, recently efforts have been made for learning local descriptors for 3D points. The recent progress towards solving this problem in 3D leverages the strong feature representation capability of image based convolutional neural networks by utilizing RGB D or multi view representations. However, in this paper, we propose to learn 3D local descriptors by directly processing unstructured 3D point clouds without needing any intermediate representation. The method constitutes a deep network for learning permutation invariant representation of 3D points. To learn the local descriptors, we use a multi margin contrastive loss which discriminates between similar and dissimilar points on a surface while also leveraging the extent of dissimilarity among the negative samples at the time of training. With comprehensive evaluation against strong baselines, we show that the proposed method outperforms state of the art methods for matching points in 3D point clouds. Further, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on various applications achieving state of the art results.
Conditioned taste aversion as instrumental punishment.
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes
Year: 2013

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is traditionally viewed as an instance of pavlovian conditioning. This interpretation rests on the lack of an instrumental contingency between the tastant and the gastric malaise in a standard procedure of CTA. To investigate a role for instrumental punishment in CTA, we present 2 tastants sequentially "sucrose then NaCl" or "NaCl then sucrose" in a daily alternating and counterbalanced order to rats with an explicit positive contingency between the dosage of the lithium chloride (LiCl) administered and the amount of 1 tastant drunk on that trial. In the beginning of experiment, rats suppressed their intake of both tastants. With the increase of conditioning trials, rats gradually learned to resume the intake of noncontingent solution while selectively suppressing the intake of LiCl contingent solution. This selective suppression in CTA is the first report indicating that rats are sensitive to the subtle cues related to the covariations between the magnitude of stimulus and the magnitude of responses in a punishment paradigm involving a long delay between the gustatory stimulus of tastant ingestion and the aversive effect of LiCl injection.
Fast and Sensitive Colloidal Quantum Dot Mid Wave Infrared Photodetectors.
Venue: ACS nano
Year: 2018

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with a band gap tunable in the mid wave infrared (MWIR) region provide a cheap alternative to epitaxial commercial photodetectors such as HgCdTe (MCT) and InSb. Photoconductive HgTe CQD devices have demonstrated the potential of CQDs for MWIR photodetection but face limitations in speed and sensitivity. Recently, a proof of concept HgTe photovoltaic (PV) detector was realized, achieving background limited infrared photodetection at cryogenic temperatures. Using a modified PV device architecture, we report up to 2 orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity of the HgTe CQD photodetectors. A solid state cation exchange method was introduced during device fabrication to chemically modify the interface potential, leading to an order of magnitude improvement of external quantum efficiency at room temperature. At 230 K, the HgTe CQD photodetectors reported here achieve a sensitivity of 109 Jones with a cutoff wavelength between 4 and 5 mm, which is comparable to that of commercial photodetectors. In addition to the chemical treatment, a thin film interference structure was devised using an optical spacer to achieve near unity internal quantum efficiency upon reducing the operating temperature. The enhanced sensitivity of the HgTe CQD photodetectors reported here should motivate interest in a cheap, solution processed MWIR photodetector for applications extending beyond research and military defense.
Urban road classification in geometrically integrated high resolution RGB aerial and laser derived images using the artificial neural network classification method
Year: 2019

The problem of automated urban road network extraction is extremely complex because roads in urban scenes strongly interact with other objects. This problem can be simplified if road regions are first isolated using a classification procedure. The isolated road regions can be posteriorly used in tasks of refinement and reconstruction of the road network. This article addresses only the problem of road regions' detection using Artificial Neural Network as classification method. However, in urban areas, the use of spectral data alone commonly leads to the confusion of the road class with other classes in RGB images, such as building roofs and concrete, because these objects may present similar spectral characteristics. To overcome this problem, it is proposed the integration of a high resolution RGB aerial image with laser derived images. The classification results showed that the integration of the geometric (height) and radiometric (laser pulse intensity) laser data significantly improved the classification accuracy, also contributing for the better detection of road pixel. The laser intensity data help to overcome the effects of road obstructions caused by shadows and trees. On the other hand, the laser height data help to separate the aboveground objects from those on the ground level.
La Tipografia en la Web, Caso de Estudio en los Periodicos Online Portugueses
Year: 2017

espanolTeniendo en cuenta la realidad creciente e indiscutible del uso de la web, destaca un aspecto particular del panorama general de lectura de periodicos online, como es el relativo a la tipografia. En el presente estudio se pretende describir y analizar la aplicacion de las WebFonts en una muestra de periodicos online portugueses para determinar si es posible trazar un patron de su aplicacion. francaisCompte tenu de la realite croissante et incontestee de l'usage du web, un aspect particulier du panorama general de lecture des journaux online se distingue, relatif a la typographie, la presente etude pretendant decrire et analyser l'application des WebFonts sur un echantillon de journaux online portugais pour determiner s'il est possible de tracer un patron de son application. EuskaraKontuan hartuta eztabaidarik gabe Webaren erabilera gero eta handiagoa dela, nabarmentzekoa da online egunkarien irakurketaren panorama orokorrari dagokion alderdi zehatz bat, tipografiari dagokiona, hain zuzen ere. Ikerketa honen asmoa da WebFonts deritzenen aplikazioa deskribatzea eta aztertzea. Horretarako, Portugalgo online egunkarien lagin bat hautatu da, aplikazioen patroi bat zehaztu ote daitekeen erabakitzeko.
Analysis the effect of 500kv High Voltage Power Transmission Line on the Output Efficiency of Solar Panels
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)
Year: 2019

A significant problem that is not discussed in the latest research in the field of the solar energy system that is the Influence of 500kv HV power transmission line (TL) on the O/P power generation of solar panel situated nearby the 500kv high voltage TL. Meanwhile, grid tied solar power generating stations, usually are situated nearby HV power TL, hence this problem is critical and wants to take the attention of researchers. So, therefore, this investigation address, the complete hypothetical study and it is verified through a practical experiment that is performed under and near the TL. The results of this investigation demonstrate the influence of electric and magnetic fields originated by a 500kv HV TL on O/P power of solar panel situated near HV TL. Moreover, this is also studied that what happens, when increasing the distance among solar panel and conductors of TL, and when a load of transmission line goes low to high. In the end, for achieving high efficiency from the solar panel, the lowest distance w investigated between solar panels and conductors of 500kv TL.
The differences between students with high and low academic performance
Year: 2017

The main aim of this study was to analyze the between students with high and low academic performance in term of parent social economic status, physical activity and motivation. This study was conducted in University Utara Malaysia with UUM College of Arts and Sciences, UUM College of Business, and UUM College of Law, Government and International Studies, Kedah, Malaysia. The sample of this study consists of 261 respondents from the UUM postgraduate students which consist of Phd and Master Students. Data were collected through questionnaires paper survey. The data were analyzed using various statistical techniques such as reliability analysis, descriptive analysis and Chi Square Test to analyses the differences students with higher and lower academic performance in term of parent social economic status, physical activity and motivation. The analyses were carried out via Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 version for Windows. Based on the descriptive analysis, independent variable (motivation) have significant relationship toward academic performance and for Chi Square Test results, there was clear indication that the independent variable (parent educational level, mother occupation) have significant association or relationship toward academic performance. On the other hand, independent variable (parent income level, father occupation, physical activity) have no significant toward academic performance.
Examination of the hip for MRCS OSCE
Year: 2020

This article describes examination of the hip joint, which is a common topic for the clinical component of the MRCS examination and should be practised and understood by junior doctors preparing for this exam. While the common orthopaedic doctrine of look, feel, move, and then special tests is employed, there is an art to performing this examination which enables the candidate to not only pass exams, but also identify pathology in real clinical situations.
Physical Layer Key Generation in 5G and Beyond Wireless Communications: Challenges and Opportunities
Venue: Entropy
Year: 2019

The fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communications will transform many exciting applications and trigger massive data connections with private, confidential, and sensitive information. The security of wireless communications is conventionally established by cryptographic schemes and protocols in which the secret key distribution is one of the essential primitives. However, traditional cryptography based key distribution protocols might be challenged in the 5G and beyond communications because of special features such as device to device and heterogeneous communications, and ultra low latency requirements. Channel reciprocity based key generation (CRKG) is an emerging physical layer based technique to establish secret keys between devices. This article reviews CRKG when the 5G and beyond networks employ three candidate technologies: duplex modes, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and mmWave communications. We identify the opportunities and challenges for CRKG and provide corresponding solutions. To further demonstrate the feasibility of CRKG in practical communication systems, we overview existing prototypes with different IoT protocols and examine their performance in real world environments. This article shows the feasibility and promising performances of CRKG with the potential to be commercialized.
Phyto chemical profile and pharmacological activities of Banafsha (Viola odorata Linn) An important herb of Unani Medicine
Year: 2019

Herbal medicine is the source of primary health care due to its cultural acceptability and better compatibility with the human body and lesser side effects. Banafsha (Viola odorata Linn) is an important medicinal plant in the Unani system of medicine (USM) due to its multiple therapeutic properties.  Present review is aimed at exploring the existing data of the drug on its conventional uses especially in USM, its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological actions.  Various authentic data base including classical text, indexed journals have been reviewed and analysis.  The plant is known to treat different systemic ailments due to the presence of volatile oil, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, triterpines, sterols, resins, tannins and anthocyanins. In USM, the pharmacological actions of Banafsha are Sual Yabis (Dry cough) Mushil i Balgham (Purgative of Phlegm) Mulattif (Demulcent) Muhallil i Waram (Resolvent) Mushil wa Muaddil Safra (Purgative of yellow bile) Musakkin i Atash (Thirst Quenching) Mulayyan (Laxative) etc. Banafsha is reported for its anti asthmatic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepato protective, and hypnotic activity etc.  Present study explores the pharmacological, phytochemical and therapeutic properties of Viola odorata Linn. Many pharmacological activity mentioned in Unani medicine is validated and many activity needs further exploration owing to immense therapeutic scope in this drug.
Assessment of swelling and constituent redistribution in uranium zirconium fuel using phenomena identification and ranking tables (PIRT)
Year: 2020

Metallic alloy U Zr nuclear fuels remain a candidate for future US fast reactors. However, with more than 30 years of investigation into the system, U Zr fuel remains unqualified and lacks predictive modeling capabilities. Phenomenon identification and ranking tables (PIRT) were developed for U Zr fuels to prioritize the study of microstructural phenomena related to fuel performance and to aid predictive models. Two areas of emphasis, fuel swelling and constituent redistribution, were identified with PIRT and were evaluated in detail. The analysis identified influencing parameters that should be considered during future studies including: external mechanical constraint, temperature, composition, crystallographic texture, temperature gradient, fabrication constraints, fission density, fission rate, initial porosity, and pre irradiation grain size. The PIRT results support the need for a comprehensive study that focus on the decoupling of fission rate, irradiation temperature, and alloy composition to independently investigate the microstructural evolution in the multiple phases typical of advanced reactor conditions.
Poly(arylene ether sulfone) proton exchange membranes with flexible acid side chains
Year: 2012

New monomers containing two or four pendent methoxyphenyl groups were synthesized by bromination of bis(4 fluorophenyl)sulfone, followed by Suzuki coupling with 4 methoxybenzeneboronic acid. Copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing methoxyphenyl groups (2 MPAES xx and 4 MPAES xx based on the corresponding monomers were prepared by aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) polycondensation. After demethylation of the methoxy group to the reactive hydroxyl group, the respective side chain type sulfonated copolymers (2 SPAES xx and 4 SPAES xx were obtained by sulfobutylation. Flexible and tough membranes having good mechanical strength were obtained by solution casting of all copolymers. The sulfonated copolymers with two or four pendent sulfobutoxyphenyl groups had high proton conductivities in the range of 0.108 0.258 S/cm for 2 SPAES xx and 0.135 0.194 S/cm for 4 SPAES xx at 80 degC, respectively. The methanol permeabilities of these membranes were in the range of 1.59 x 10 7 4.69 x 10 7 cm 2 /s, which is much lower than Nafion (r) (15.5 x 10 7 cm 2 /s) 2 SPAES xx and 4 SPAES xx display comparatively better balance between proton conductivity and water swelling than the analogous poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing pendent sulfophenyl groups. A combination of high proton conductivities, low water uptake, and low methanol permeabilities for some of the obtained copolymers indicated that they have some of the requisite properties for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications.
NCBI GEO: archive for high throughput functional genomic data
Venue: Nucleic Acids Res.
Year: 2009

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is the largest public repository for high throughput gene expression data. Additionally, GEO hosts other categories of high throughput functional genomic data, including those that examine genome copy number variations, chromatin structure, methylation status and transcription factor binding. These data are generated by the research community using high throughput technologies like microarrays and, more recently, next generation sequencing. The database has a flexible infrastructure that can capture fully annotated raw and processed data, enabling compliance with major community derived scientific reporting standards such as 'Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment' (MIAME) In addition to serving as a centralized data storage hub, GEO offers many tools and features that allow users to effectively explore, analyze and download expression data from both gene centric and experiment centric perspectives. This article summarizes the GEO repository structure, content and operating procedures, as well as recently introduced data mining features. GEO is freely accessible at http:/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/
Accurate Prediction of Hourly Energy Consumption in a Residential Building Based on the Occupancy Rate Using Machine Learning Approaches
Year: 2021

In this paper, a novel deep neural network based energy prediction algorithm for accurately forecasting the day ahead hourly energy consumption profile of a residential building considering occupancy rate is proposed. Accurate estimation of residential load profiles helps energy providers and utility companies develop an optimal generation schedule to address the demand. Initially, a comprehensive multi criteria analysis of different machine learning approaches used in energy consumption predictions was carried out. Later, a predictive micro grid model was formulated to synthetically generate the stochastic load profiles considering occupancy rate as the critical input. Finally, the synthetically generated data were used to train the proposed eight layer deep neural network based model and evaluated using root mean square error and coefficient of determination as metrics. Observations from the results indicated that the proposed energy prediction algorithm yielded a coefficient of determination of 97.5% and a significantly low root mean square error of 111 Watts, thereby outperforming the other baseline approaches, such as extreme gradient boost, multiple linear regression, and simple/shallow artificial neural network.
FAN: Focused Attention Networks
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Attention networks show promise for both vision and language tasks, by emphasizing relationships between constituent elements through weighting functions. Such elements could be regions in an image output by a region proposal network, or words in a sentence, represented by word embedding. Thus far the learning of attention weights has been driven solely by the minimization of task specific loss functions. We introduce a method for learning attention weights to better emphasize informative pair wise relations between entities. The key component is a novel center mass cross entropy loss, which can be applied in conjunction with the task specific ones. We further introduce a focused attention backbone to learn these attention weights for general tasks. We demonstrate that the focused supervision leads to improved attention distribution across meaningful entities, and that it enhances the representation by aggregating features from them. Our focused attention module leads to state of the art recovery of relations in a relationship proposal task and boosts performance for various vision and language tasks.
Hydrogen gas reduces chronic intermittent hypoxia induced hypertension by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and increasing vasodilator responses via the antioxidation
Venue: Journal of cellular biochemistry
Year: 2019

Molecular hydrogen is reported to be used medically to ameliorate various systemic pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen (H2) gas on hypertension induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats. The adult rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) 8 hours/day for 5 weeks and/or H 2 gas 2 hours/day. We found that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) increased significantly in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia, both of which were markedly attenuated after H treatment. Furthermore, intermittent hypoxia exposure elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity, consistent with plasma norepinephrine. Additionally, H 2 gas significantly improved CIH induced abnormal vascular relaxation. Nevertheless, inhalation of H 2 gas alone did not cause such changes. Moreover, H 2 gas treated rats exposed to CIH showed a significant reduction in 8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine content and increases in superoxide dismutase activity, indicating improved oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicate that H 2 gas has significant effects on the reduction of BP without any side effects. Mechanistically, inhibition of sympathetic activity and reduction of systemic vascular resistance may participate in this process via the antioxidant activity of H 2.
Moral Maturation and Moral Conation: A Capacity Approach to Explaining Moral Thought and Action
Year: 2011

We set out to address a gap in the management literature by proposing a framework specifying the component capacities organizational actors require to think and act morally. We examine how moral maturation (i.e. moral identity, complexity, and metacognitive ability) and moral conation (i.e. moral courage, efficacy, and ownership) enhance an individual's moral cognition and propensity to take ethical action. We offer propositions to guide future research and discuss the implications of the proposed model for management theory and practice.
Radio Frequency Emitter Geolocation Using Cubesats
Year: 2014

The ability to locate an RF transmitter is a topic of growing interest for civilian and military users alike. Geolocation can provide critical information for the intelligence community, search and rescue operators, and the war ghter. The technology required for geolocation has steadily improved over the past several decades, allowing better performance at longer baseline distances between transmitter and receiver. The expansion of geolocation missions from aircraft to spacecraft has necessitated research into how emerging geolocation methods perform as baseline distances are increased beyond what was previously considered. The Cubesat architecture is a relatively new satellite form which could enable small scale, low cost solutions to USAF geolocation needs. This research proposes to use Cubesats as a vehicle to perform geolocation missions in the space domain. The Cubesat form factor considered is a 6 unit architecture that allows for 6000 cm3 of space for hardware. There are a number of methods which have been developed for geolocation applications. This research compares four methods with various sensor con gurations and signal properties. The four methods' performance are assessed by simulating and modeling the environment, signals, and geolocation algorithms using Matlab. The simulations created and run in this research show that the angle of arrival method outperforms the instantaneous received frequency method, especially at higher SNR values. These two methods are possible for single and dual satellite architectures. When three or more satellites are available, the direct position determination method outperforms the three other considered methods.