nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Using K Means Algorithm and Convolutional Neural Networks to Identify Alzheimer's Disease in Coronal Brain Scans
Year: 2021

Accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is of great importance to patient care, especially in the early stage, because it enables patients to take preventive measures before irreversible brain damage occurs. Obviously, if computer based diagnostic models can make better predictions than doctors, the future of health care will change dramatically from the current system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) this paper realizes a classification algorithm to distinguish AD patients from normal people. OASIS Brain Imaging Data Set is an open source online data set, which is a coronal bitmap of the human brain. Canny edge detection algorithm is used to extract image information, and K Means and convolution neural network (CNN) are used to train the data set. The results show that the recognition accuracy of the training set is 99% and 26% higher than that of the K Means algorithm, which can be effectively used in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Impact of trainee involvement in esophagectomy on clinical outcomes: a narrative systematic review of the literature.
Venue: Diseases of the esophagus official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus
Year: 2019

Changes in the structure of surgical training have affected trainees' operative experience. Performing an esophagectomy is being increasingly viewed as a complex technical skill attained after completion of the routine training pathway. This systematic review aimed to identify all studies analyzing the impact of trainee involvement in esophagectomy on clinical outcomes. A search of the major reference databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE) was performed with no time limits up to the date of the search (November 2017) Results were screened in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and study quality assessed using the MINORS (Methodological Index for Non Randomized Studies) criteria. Four studies that included a total of 42 trainees and 16 consultants were identified, which assessed trainee involvement in open esophagogastric resectional surgery. A total of 1109 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal procedures, of whom 904 patients underwent an esophagectomy. Preoperative characteristics, histology, neoadjuvant treatment, and overall length of hospital stay were comparable between groups. One study found higher rates of anastomotic leaks in procedures primarily performed by trainees as compared to consultants (P 0.01) this did not affect overall morbidity or survival; however, overall anastomotic leak rates from the published data were 10.4% (trainee) versus 6.3% (trainer) (P 0.10) A meta analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of data. The median MINORS score for the included studies was 13 (range 11 15) This study demonstrates that training can be achieved with excellent results in high volume centers. This has important implications on the consent process and training delivered, as patients wish to be aware of the risks involved with surgery and can be reassured that appropriately supervised trainee involvement will not adversely affect outcomes.
Remineralization of the tooth structure The future of dentistry
Year: 2014

Tooth structure undergoes continuous remineralization and demineralization in the oral environment. When this balance is changed, demineralization will progress leading to a degradation of the tooth structure. Minimal intervention is the key phrase in today's dental practice. Minimal intervention dentistry focuses on the least invasive treatment options possible in order to minimize tissue loss and patient discomfort. In the last decade there has been a veritable explosion of interest in technologies which may have value for remineralization of enamel and dentine or desensitization of exposed dentine affected by dental erosion. The key element is the usage and application of remineralizing agents to tooth structure to control the demineralization/ remineralization activity. This article looks at the process of remineralization and the various agents that enhance and /or promote remineralization and discusses their clinical implications.
THE VOICE OF FREEDOM IN BOB MARLEY'S SONG LYRICS
Year: 2014

Beatrice Adeline. 2013. The Voice of Freedom in Bob Marley's Song Lyrics. Study Program of English, Department of Languages and Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya. Supervisor: Juliati; Co supervisor: Aris Siswanti.  Bob Marley, voice of freedom, song lyrics, the kinds of freedom Song lyrics can express the social condition of the society. Song lyrics can also be used to deliver messages of freedom and peace. Some of the song lyrics that reflect the social condition are Bob Marley's songs. Bob Marley is a well known Jamaican singer. Bob Marley's song lyrics entitled Blackman Redemption, Rebel Music, Redemption Song, Smile Jamaica and Slave Driver reflect the voice of freedom. These songs reflect what happens to Jamaican people who used to be colonized by Spain and British. The research employs sociological approach as the grounding theory to analyze the voice of freedom which is reflected in each song based on the kinds of freedom such as self freedom, collective freedom, spiritual freedom, and political freedom. The biography of Bob Marley and references about social condition in Jamaica are used as supporting information for the analysis. The result of this study shows that Bob Marley's song lyrics express the four kinds of freedom. Self freedom is the first dominant theme. The second is spiritual freedom, and the third is collective freedom, and the last is political freedom. Through his songs, Bob Marley spreads the messages of freedom and peace by referring to the Jamaican's experience in the colonial era. It is suggested that further researchers use semiotic approaches in Bob Marley's other songs because many of his songs use symbols related to the Jamaican culture as the Rastafarians.
Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Using a Deep Learning Framework for Cultural Heritage
Venue: Remote. Sens.
Year: 2020

In the Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH) domain, the semantic segmentation of 3D Point Clouds with Deep Learning (DL) techniques can help to recognize historical architectural elements, at an adequate level of detail, and thus speed up the process of modeling of historical buildings for developing BIM models from survey data, referred to as HBIM (Historical Building Information Modeling) In this paper, we propose a DL framework for Point Cloud segmentation, which employs an improved DGCNN (Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network) by adding meaningful features such as normal and colour. The approach has been applied to a newly collected DCH Dataset which is publicy available: ArCH (Architectural Cultural Heritage) Dataset. This dataset comprises 11 labeled points clouds, derived from the union of several single scans or from the integration of the latter with photogrammetric surveys. The involved scenes are both indoor and outdoor, with churches, chapels, cloisters, porticoes and loggias covered by a variety of vaults and beared by many different types of columns. They belong to different historical periods and different styles, in order to make the dataset the least possible uniform and homogeneous (in the repetition of the architectural elements) and the results as general as possible. The experiments yield high accuracy, demonstrating the effectiveness and suitability of the proposed approach.
Siegfried the Dragonslayer Meets the Web: Using Digital Media for Developing Historical Awareness and Advanced Language and Critical Thinking Skills.
Year: 2011

This article describes an undergraduate, German language course that aimed to improve students' language skills, critical thinking, and declarative knowledge of German history and culture by studying multiple manifestations of the legend of Siegfried the Dragonslayer. The course used web based e learning tools to address two major learning challenges. Because learning to think and work with chronological data was required, a web based timeline building tool, Google Docs Simile, was used to put students in charge of navigating the enormous historical range of the material. The second, related challenge emerged from the geographic, linguistic, and evidentiary diversity of the surviving material, which challenged students to acquire a degree of cultural literacy for an entire region and to apply appropriate interpretive tools to different kinds of evidence. To support this learning outcome, students used blog tool to write a final, collaborative project, in which they designed a simulated alumni tour. The course enhanced students' language skills and built critical historical knowledge essential for understanding German speaking lands.
[MSCT diagnosis of foot and ankle tendon injury]
Venue: Zhongguo gu shang China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology
Year: 2013

To study the MSCT features and diagnosis of foot and ankle tendon injury and improve the recognition to avoid the missed.  From January 2009 to December 2010, 32 patients suspected of foot and ankle tendon injury were enrolled and included 24 males and 8 females with an average age of 43 years ranging from 23 to 68 years. All patients had pain, tenderness, swelling or disfunction in the diseased foot and were finally confirmed with surgery, MRI, contralateral contrast and followed up. The MSCT was performed with a multi detector CT scanner (Emotion 6; Siemens) within 7 days after injury. Two experienced radiologists evaluated the tendon abnormalities before told the outcome.  With 5 patients lost, the final study included 27 patients. Thirty one tendon injuries were finally confirmed in 23 cases. Thirty five tendon abnormalities were diagnosed on CT images among all 243 tendons but 4 of them were misdiagnoses. The CT overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy was 88.8% (31/35) 98.1% (208/212) and 98.4% (239/243) Eleven tendon dislocations showed as the tendon partially or completely off the tendon groove. Thirteen tendon entrapment showed no less than half section of the tendon embedded the fracture in the axial images, and 7 tendons located in the fracture gap or 6 tendons closely related with widened fracture in VR images (2 misdiagnosis) Four bone chip insertion showed the chip inserted in the tendons both in the axial images and VR images (1 misdiagnosis) Four tendon ruptures showed discontinuity and shortening of the tendon (1 misdiagnosis) Three tendon injuries showed thickening, density reduction and blurring of tendons, and misty surrounding fat space.  With comprehensive MSCT examination (thin slice scanning and volume rendering) of foot and ankle, the tendon dislocation, tendon entrapment, bone chip intercalation, and tendon rupture/injury could be confidently diagnose.
Analysis of EEG Spectrum Bands Using Power Spectral Density for Pleasure and Displeasure State
Venue: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Year: 2019

The technology of reading human mental states is a leading innovation in the biomedical engineering field. EEG signal processing is going to help us to explore the uniqueness of brain signal that carries thousands of information in human being. The aim of this study is to analyze brain signal features between pleasure and displeasure mental state. Brainwaves is divided into 5 sub frequency bands namely alpha (8 13 Hz) beta (13 30 Hz) gamma (30 100 Hz) theta (4 8 Hz) and delta (1 4 Hz) However, in this study, alpha and beta waves were analyzed to investigate the mental states. Twenty subjects were recruited from undergraduate engineering student's education background in UniMAP with age ranging between 19 to 23 years old. The subject must be healthy and right handed. The subject was required to view a series of pleasure and displeasure images for 10 minutes and take rest for 30 seconds between pleasure and displeasure view. Truscan EEG device (Deymed Diagnostic, Alien Technic, Czech Republic) with 19 channels were used to acquire EEG data with frequency sampling of 1024 Hz and impedance is kept below 5 kO. A bandpass filter was used to extract alpha and beta waves. The signal was segmented and PSD value using Welch and Burg method was calculated for both mental states. 7 statistical features (mean, mode, median, variance, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) were obtained from PSD value and used as an input for the classifier. K Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were used to classify into two mental states. As a result, Welch method gives the highest classification accuracy which is 99.3 for alpha waves followed by 97.5 for beta waves from channel F4. It can be concluded that alpha waves are the most potential waves to be used in order to differentiate pleasure and displeasure features.
Isometric beak morphology in Phoenicopterus ruber roseus, Phoenicopteriformes
Venue: Acta Biologica Szegediensis
Year: 2019

It is well documented that size of various body parts tends to correlate within the same individual. In the current study, we explore the relationship between body weight and some area and lineal beak measurements in a sample of 17 corpses of Greater flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber roseus (10 immatures and 7 adults) collected and after obtaining beak radiographic latero lateral projections. On images, the following traits were obtained: area of rhinotheca the sheath covering the maxilla and gnathotheca the sheath covering the mandibular rhamphotheca height, ocular area, ocular height, ocular width, height, width and area of nares. Our results suggest that some beak measurements are positively correlated with body weight, while nostril area is not. Specifically, rhinotheca and gnathotheca areas and rhamphotheca height were strongly coupled and largely correlated to body weight. The observed differences in beak dimensions are merely a consequence of body weight difference. It is suggested, that the cranial skeleton and musculature are closely linked at least developmentally, allowing for efficient functional integration, but genetic and functional tests must have been performed to reveal the exact nature of the flamingo beak change.
Natural Terpenoids Against Female Breast Cancer: A 5 year Recent Research.
Venue: Current medicinal chemistry
Year: 2018

The approval of Taxol(r) in 1993 marked the great entrance of terpenoids in the anti cancer area and this drug is still highly important in the treatment of refractory ovarian, breast and other cancers. Over decades, other prominent natural terpenoids have become indispensable for the modern pharmacotherapy of breast cancer. However, given the rapid evolution of drug resistance, effective treatments for advanced breast cancers requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy represent a major unmet clinical need. Therefore, innovative agents effective in long term chemotherapy are urgently needed.  This review examines recent advances/research about natural terpenoids, and their mechanisms against female breast cancer over the period covering January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016.  Carcinogenesis constitutes a multistep process wherein each stage is characterized by distinct phenotypic changes. Numerous chemicals recorded in this review have been shown to significantly inhibit proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, tumor angiogenesis or metastasis in different breast cancer cells/tumours in vitro and in vivo. Targeting simultaneously several or all these aspects/steps of cancer progression could be an advantage. In line with this, phytochemicals such as thymoquinone (8) costunolide (46) tanshinone IIA (132) triptolide (136) cucurbitacin B (179) celastrol (226) and lycopene (238) had caught our attention.  These compounds appear to be promising to overcome breast cancer treatment failure. However, despite the interesting activities, additional preclinical investigations are needed in further breast cancer cell/tumor models in vitro and in vivo.
Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier via Real Frequency Technique
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Year: 2012

A comprehensive method of designing a broadband Doherty power amplifier is presented in this paper. The essential limitations of bandwidth extension of a Doherty power amplifier are discussed based on the proposed structure of the Doherty power amplifier, which also takes the output matching networks of both sub amplifiers into account. The broadband matching is realized by applying the simplified real frequency technique with the desired frequency dependent optimum impedances. GaN transistors were selected to implement the circuit structure.
Deep Residual SENet for Foliage Recognition
Venue: Trans. Edutainment
Year: 2020

Foliage morphological features are important for plant recognition. However, the foliage shape generally presents big intra class variations and small inter class differences. This brings a great challenge to accurate plant foliage recognition. In this paper, we propose a deep residual squeeze excitation network (R SENet) for foliage recognition. Firstly, R SENet learns and obtains the significance levels of each channel of the various convolutional layers in a residual block to recognition tasks via squeeze excitation strategy. Then, the weights of each channel are rescaled by means of the significances to promote the relevant channels and inhibit non important channels. Finally, we evaluate the proposed approach on the well known Flavia dataset for foliage recognition. The experimental results indicate that our approach achieves more accurate average recognition rate (up to 97.86% and more robustness to noise than other outstanding approaches.
The scale of biodiversity impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia
Year: 2020

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is the largest infrastructure development in human history. Given its scale of influence and infrastructure undertakings, it is set to bring far reaching environmental impacts to regions such as Southeast Asia, one of the biologically richest and most diverse regions in the world. Knowing where and what biodiversity BRI will potentially affect is crucial to plan and address its negative impacts. Using BRI transport infrastructure spatial data, we conducted a GIS analysis of the potential BRI impacts in Southeast Asia on terrestrial and marine biodiversity indicators, including protected areas (PAs) Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) terrestrial ecoregions, forest cover, threatened species, and fragile ecosystems such as seagrasses, mangroves, and coral reefs. We assessed the potential impacts across four key distance thresholds (1, 5, 25, and 50 km "impact zones" on either side of the routes. For the terrestrial routes we assessed impacts for five different types of linear rail and road infrastructure development. Within 1 km of all routes 32 PAs, 40 KBAs and 29 ecoregions are intersected. While, 142 threatened species including 26 critically endangered species are within 5 km from new rail, which are also commonly found in frontier landscapes. In marine ecosystems 20 marine PAs and 16 KBAs are intersected by BRI marine routes. We conclude by discussing ways BRI could minimise its environmental impacts and utilise its political weight to advance conservation efforts in host nations.
From Community Forest Management to Polycentric Governance: Assessing Evidence from the Bottom Up
Year: 2014

Decentralization of governance is an emerging trend in many natural resource sectors in both developed and developing countries. Despite the normative agenda of community based natural resource management for social and ecological outcomes, a shift to multilevel or polycentric theorizing is warranted. Polycentric governance recognizes the importance of cross scale interactions, as well as the horizontal and vertical institutional linkages of authority, networks, and markets in which community institutions are embedded. Based on qualitative community forestry research in Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada, this article explores the themes of livelihood and local economy, collaborative forest planning and participation, and environmental governance. Bottom up empirical evidence suggests that viewing community forestry through a polycentric governance network is necessary for theorizing complex cross scale dynamics. Incentivizing policies that encourage the development of polycentric systems for natural resource governance is important for maintaining local benefits, while increasing adaptive capacity to deal with complex social ecological challenges.
Research on emergency management of Covid 19 and future major epidemic situation based on big data technology
Year: 2020

Based on the regional incidence data of COVID 19 and the research of the current status of China's public health emergency management system, this article proposes some executable strategies for emergency management and provides some reflections for the modernization of China's governance system and capacity for governance Methods (1) Real time data of the epidemic situation could be obtained by Python from National Health Commission in order to plot graphs showing the spread, the incidence trend of the epidemic and the number of confirmed, cured and death cases in every province (2) A web page program named 'customized epidemic prevention map' was developed so that the precise protection of individuals would be available through mobile phone to locate the confirmed cases nearby immediately (3) Mobile Apps were developed to provide the public with some convenient medical services, such as oneclick login, unified booking appointment and on line consultation (4) 'Mini programs' in WeChat were developed In some gathering spots, such as communities, food markets and so on, people's location could be tracked by scanning the QR code to better control of sudden onset (5) A scientific and accurate management service model which named 'health code' was applied to compare and verify the public and the relevant data on the prevention and control of the epidemic in the areas of public security, health, telecommunications and traffic with the information submitted by the citizens Results (1) The overall trend of development and the regional distribution of the epidemic made public know the incidence near their residence to build confidence to overcome the epidemic (2) The customized epidemic prevention map allayed fears of the threat to people's own safety and eased the panic to some extent (3) Mobile Apps reduced the communication cost between doctors and patients and improved the efficiency and quality of medical care in order that seeing a doctor became convenient, normal and sustainable (4) 'Mini programs' in WeChat helped some residents and shoppers feel at ease about their surroundings (5) Everyone's awareness of safety protection was improved The QR code not only showed personal health but also made people around them feel reassured, it also urged others to check their health status each other, which could realize one time declaration, city wide application, dynamic management and classified control  With the social development and economic progress, the public health has extended to the health management of the whole crowd and the full life cycle, but the prevention and control of acute infectious diseases should be placed at the core of public health The Integrated emergency management system of grid management can play an important role in alleviating epidemic situation to some extent Meanwhile, the big data technology will play an increasingly important role in the prevention and control of major outbreaks in the future