nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport properties of HfO_ {2 x} based resistive switching memories
Year: 2012

Transport measurements of both the dc and the low frequency ac are performed on Pt/HfO2 x/TiN resistiveswitching memory cells at various temperatures. The conductance of the pristine cells has a power law o S T N relationship with temperature and frequency. To account for the much larger conductance of both the high resistance states (HRSs) and the low resistance states (LRSs) an additional conductance term associated with oxygen vacancy filaments is added, which is independent of the cross sectional area of the memory cell. This additional component of conductance in a HRS is frequency independent but temperature dependent, showing the small polaron originated transport, with an activation energy of 50 (2.1) meV at temperatures above (below) half of the Debye temperature, which agrees with the analysis of the electric field dependence data. The frequencyand temperature dependent conduction of HRSs indicate the existence of polarization centers which facilitate the transport and make HfO2 x highly polarizable. However, the additional conductance term associated with filaments in LRS, of an order of ~10 5 Sm 1 exhibits a weak metallic behavior in temperature dependent measurements. Properties of aligned oxygen vacancy chains on the surface are calculated byfirst principles simulation. Through analysis of the partial density of states and spatial distribution of the wave function of impurity states generated by oxygen vacancies, this weak metallic behavior is attributed to the delocalization of the impurity band associated with aligned oxygen vacancies.
A Robust Metric for AMR Parsing Evaluation
Year: 2019

Evaluating AMR parsing accuracy involves comparing pairs of AMR graphs. The major evaluation metric, SMATCH (Cai and Knight, 2013) searches for one to one mappings between the nodes of two AMRs with a greedy hill climbing algorithm, which leads to search errors. We propose SEMBLEU, a robust metric that extends BLEU (Papineni et al. 2002) to AMRs. It does not suffer from search errors and considers non local correspondences in addition to local ones. SEMBLEU is fully content driven and punishes situations where a system's output does not preserve most information from the input. Preliminary experiments on both sentence and corpus levels show that SEMBLEU has slightly higher consistency with human judgments than SMATCH. Our code is available at http:/github.com/ freesunshine0316/sembleu.
Evaluating MT for massive open online courses:a multifaceted comparison between PBSMT and NMTsystems
Year: 2018

This article reports a multifaceted comparison between statistical and neural machine translation (MT) systems that were developed for translation of data from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) The study uses four language pairs: English to German, Greek, Portuguese, and Russian. Translation quality is evaluated using automatic metrics and human evaluation, carried out by professional translators. Results show that neural MT is preferred in side by side ranking, and is found to contain fewer overall errors. Results are less clear cut for some error categories, and for temporal and technical post editing effort. In addition, results are reported based on sentence length, showing advantages and disadvantages depending on the particular language pair and MT paradigm.
Controlling the Structures, Flexibility, Conductivity Stability of Three Dimensional Conductive Networks of Silver Nanoparticles/Carbon Based Nanomaterials with Nanodispersion and their Application in Wearable Electronic Sensors
Venue: Nanomaterials
Year: 2020

This research has successfully synthesized highly flexible and conductive nanohybrid electrode films. Nanodispersion and stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were achieved via non covalent adsorption and with an organic polymeric dispersant and inorganic carbon based nanomaterials nano carbon black (CB) carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene oxide (GO) The new polymeric dispersant polyisobutylene b poly(oxyethylene) b polyisobutylene (PIB POE PIB) triblock copolymer could stabilize AgNPs. Simultaneously, this stabilization was conducted through the addition of mixed organic/inorganic dispersants based on zero (0D) one (1D) and two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, namely CB, CNT, and GO. Furthermore, the dispersion solution was evenly coated/mixed onto polymeric substrates, and the products were heated. As a result, highly conductive thin film materials (with a surface electrical resistance of approximately 10 2 O/sq) were eventually acquired. The results indicated that 2D carbon based nanomaterials (GO) could stabilize AgNPs more effectively during their reductNion and, hence, generate particles with the smallest sizes, as the COO functional groups of GO are evenly distributed. The optimal AgNPs/PIB POE PIB/GO ratio was 20:20:1. Furthermore, the flexible electrode layers were successfully manufactured and applied in wearable electronic sensors to generate electrocardiograms (ECGs) ECGs were, thereafter, successfully obtained.
Physical Culture Teacher Professional Activity Problems in Polyethnic Educational Organization
Year: 2017

The presented topic relevance is conditioned by the fact that experts in the physical culture field are experiencing problems in the course of work in a poly ethnic educational organization that reduces their professional activities effectiveness, the timely identification of which will optimize the process of teachers' professional education.  The goal is to identify the most significant problems of young and experienced teachers' activity on physical culture in a poly ethnic educational organization. The study leading method on this topic is to monitor the health environment in a poly ethnic educational organization, which includes interview, analysis, observation and data graphical interpretation.  The paper presents the study results of teachers' professional activity problems on physical education in a poly ethnic educational organization, the positions of undergraduates interns, young and experienced teachers regarding the identified problems solution are considered.  The materials can be used to organize specialists' modular training on physical culture to work in poly ethnic educational organizations within the framework of secondary vocational, higher and additional professional education.
The Flight Home Effect: Evidence from the Syndicated Loan Market During Financial Crises
Year: 2011

This paper shows that the collapse of the global market for syndicated loans during financial crises can in part be explained by a flight home effect whereby lenders rebalance their loan portfolios in favor of domestic borrowers. The home bias of lenders' loan origination increases by approximately 20% if the bank's home country experiences a banking crisis. This flight home effect is distinct from flight to quality because borrowers of different quality are equally affected. The results indicate that the home bias in capital allocation tends to increase when adverse economic shocks reduce the wealth of international investors.
Art and communist propaganda. Lenin's monument in Cracow, Nowa Huta case study.
Year: 2018

The Lenin's monument was erected in 1973. It was situated in the very center of ideal, communist quarter Nowa Huta, which was build right after WWII. Monument played the crucial role as a place of communist ceremonies and anniversaries. The first attempt to destroy it was made in 1979 when the bomb was planted to blow the monument up. In the 80's the statue beacame a hated symbol of soviet domination and very often attacked by the demonstrants members of oposition. After the fall down of communism the monument was removed and replaced to 'communist theme park' in Stockholm, Sweden. During the short period of time the monumnt changed its role many times and even the non existence in the querter is widely discussed. The presentation aims at illustrating a symbolic role of pieces of art in the changing historical circumstances using an example Lenin's monument.
Large comportement au temps large de l'equation de Prandtl et des systemes de magnetohydrodynamique
Year: 2016

This thesis is made up of two parts. One is about the long time wellposedness of Prandtl equations with monotonicity assumption. The other one is the study of global solutions for inhomogeneous Magnetohydrodynamics system with bounded positive density. Recently, under the monotonic assumption, by using the energy method, Alexandre Wang Xu Yang and Masmoudi Wong have obtained the local in time existence of smooth solution in Sobolev space for Prandtl boundary layer equation, but the life span of their solution are very small. On the meantime, Xin Zhang proved the global in time weak solution by Crocco transformation under monotonicity and favorable pressure assumption. The long time behavior of the Prandtl equations is important to make progress towards the inviscid limit of the Navier Stokes equations. With this motivation, in the first part of this thesis, we study the long time well posedness for the nonlinear Prandtl boundary layer equation on the half plane. We consider a class of the initial data as perturbations around a monotonic shear profile and we prove the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions in weighted Sobolev space, whose life span can be arbitrarily long while the initial perturbations are small enough. We use the energy method to prove the existence of solutions by a parabolic regularizing approximation. The nonlinear cancellation properties of Prandtl equations under the monotonic assumption are the main ingredients to establish a new energy estimate. The second part of this thesis is about global well posedness of inhomogeneous magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) system. Recently, Danchin Mucha have obtained well posedness of inhomogeneous Navier Stokes equation while the density could be discontinuous by using Lagrangian transformation, or the material derivative. We will prove the global well posedness of inhomogeneous MHD system while the density just has a positive lower bound and the initial magnetic field contains large oscillations. We first get the a priori estimate in Euler coordinate and then prove the local in time well posedness of inhomogeneous MHD system in Lagrangian coordinate. Moreover, local solutions become global if the usual H1 norm of velocity and L2\L4 norm of magnetic field are small enough. Here, the smallness assumptions are different on initial velocities and initial magnetic fields. Moreover, we don't need to demand gradient of magnetic field to be small enough as that of velocities. So the initial magnetic filed can contain large oscillation.
Repeat Auditing of Primary Health care Facilities Against Standards for Occupational Health and Infection Control: A Study of Compliance and Reliability
Venue: Safety and health at work
Year: 2020

The elevated risk of occupational infection such as tuberculosis among health workers in many countries raises the question of whether the quality of occupational health and safety (OHS) and infection prevention and control (IPC) can be improved by auditing. The objectives of this study were to measure (1) audited compliance of primary health care facilities in South Africa with national standards for OHS and IPC, (2) change in compliance at reaudit three years after baseline, and (3) the inter rater reliability of the audit.  The study analyzed audits of 60 primary health care facilities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Baseline external audits in the time period 2011 2012 were compared with follow up internal audits in 2014 2015. Audits at 25 facilities that had both internal and external audits conducted in 2014/2015 were used to measure reliability.  At baseline, 25% of 60 facilities were "noncompliant" (audit score<50% 48% "conditionally compliant" (score >50 80% and only 27% "compliant" (score >80% Overall, there was no significant improvement in compliance three years after baseline. Percentage agreement on specific items between internal and external audits ranged from 28% to 92% and kappa from 0.8 to 0.41 (poor to moderate) Conclusion Low baseline compliance with OHS IPC measures and lack of improvement over three years reflect the difficulties of quality improvement in these domains. Low inter rater reliability of the audit instrument undermines the audit process. Evidence based investment of effort is required if repeat auditing is to contribute to occupational risk reduction for health workers.
GaiaGPU: Sharing GPUs in Container Clouds
Venue: 2018 IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel Distributed Processing with Applications, Ubiquitous Computing Communications, Big Data Cloud Computing, Social Computing Networking, Sustainable Computing Communications (ISPA/IUCC/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom)
Year: 2018

Containers are widely used in clouds due to their lightweight and scalability. GPUs have powerful parallel processing capabilities that are adopted to accelerate the execution of applications. In a cloud environment, containers may require one or more GPUs to fulfill the resource requirement of application execution, while on the other hand exclusive GPU resource of a container usually results in underutilized resource. Therefore, how to share GPUs among containers becomes an attractive problem to cloud providers. In this paper, we propose an approach, called GaiaGPU, to sharing GPU memory and computing resources among containers. GaiaGPU partitions physical GPUs into multiple virtual GPUs and assigns the virtual GPUs to containers as request. Elastic resource allocation and dynamic resource allocation are adopted to improve resource utilization. The experimental results show that GaiaGPU only causes 1.015% of overhead by average and it effectively allocates and isolates GPU resources among containers
Tunable anisotropic superfluidity in an optical kagome superlattice
Year: 2015

We study the phase diagram of the Bose Hubbard model on the kagome lattice with a broken sublattice symmetry. Such a superlattice structure can naturally be created and tuned by changing the potential offset of one sublattice in the optical generation of the frustrated lattice. The superstructure gives rise to a rich quantum phase diagram, which is analyzed by combining Quantum Monte Carlo simulations with the Generalized Effective Potential Landau Theory. Mott phases with non integer filling and a characteristic order along stripes are found, which show a transition to a superfluid phase with an anisotropic superfluid density. Surprisingly, the direction of the superfluid anisotropy is changing between different symmetry directions as a function of the particle number or the hopping strength. Finally, we discuss characteristic signatures of anisotropic phases in time of flight absorption measurements.
An alternative method for global and partial comparison of two diagnostic systems based on ROC curves
Year: 2013

In this paper, an alternative method for the comparison of two diagnostic systems based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is presented. ROC curve analysis is often used as a statistical tool for the evaluation of diagnostic systems. However, in general, the comparison of ROC curves is not straightforward, in particular, when they cross each other. A similar difficulty is also observed in the multi objective optimization field where sets of solutions defining fronts must be compared with a multi dimensional space. Thus, the proposed methodology is based on a procedure used to compare the performance of distinct multi objective optimization algorithms. In general, methods based on the area under the ROC curves are not sensitive to the existence of crossing points between the curves. The new approach can deal with this situation and also allows the comparison of partial portions of ROC curves according to particular values of sensitivity and specificity of practical interest. Simulations results are presented. For illustration purposes, considering real data from newborns with very low birthweight, the new method was applied in order to discriminate the better index for evaluating the risk of death.
The Character Skills of Immigrants
Year: 2018

We use novel data on a representative sample of the U.S. population to examine how immigrants and second generation immigrants compare to natives on non cognitive character skills as measured by a common taxonomy of personality. Our findings reveal that immigrants and second generation immigrants tend to have higher levels of openness to experience and agency than natives. Additionally, second generation immigrants have higher levels of conscientiousness than natives. The findings are especially salient since character skills have been shown to influence labor market outcomes. Next, we examine the role of character skills differences on earnings by immigrant generation. Our earnings estimates reveal that non cognitive skills have approximately as much explanatory power as schooling, yet non cognitive skills have a modest impact on the earnings differences of immigrants and second generation immigrants vis a vis natives.
Cold War Crucible: The Korean Conflict and the Postwar World by Masuda Hajimu (review)
Year: 2016

Cold War Crucible: The Korean Conflict and the Postwar World, by Masuda Hajimu. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2015. vi, 388 pp. $39.95 US (cloth) The time has long past when the 1950 1953 conflict in Korea could be called "the forgotten war." Of course, the war has never been forgotten on the Korean peninsula itself, where a heavily fortified armistice line still separates two mutually hostile regimes more than sixty years after the ceasefire. In China, the "Aid Korea, Resist America War," as it is called, remains a source of pride for the People's Republic even if relations with both Korea and America have changed radically since the war. In the West, including the United States that contributed by far the largest number of United Nations forces to the conflict (followed by Britain and Canada) scholarship and memorialization of the war has recently come into its own, after decades of being overshadowed by World War II and Vietnam. Masuda Hajimu's Cold War Crucible is a unique and valuable contribution to the historiography of the Korean War or more precisely, to the history of the Cold War and the Korean War's central place in the emergence of that global conflict. Masuda Hajimu, a US trained Japanese historian based in Singapore, admits that his book is not about the Korean War itself. Rather, it explores how the war "functioned as a catalyst in the crucible of the postwar world and contributed to the materialization of the Cold War world" (6) Hajimu reverses the usual logic about the relationship between Korea and the Cold War: rather than see the Korean War as an effect of the emerging Cold War, Hajimu argues that Korea in important ways produced the Cold War. As Bruce Cumings and others have long pointed out, the Communist invasion of South Korea in June 1950 justified the rapid and long lasting expansion of US forces around the world and hardened the geopolitical lines of Cold War conflict between the Soviet Union and China, on the one side, and the United States led "Free World," on the other. But Hajimu is not primarily interested in Cold War geopolitics. He focuses instead on the effects of the Korean War on domestic societies in Asia, North America, and Europe. The Korean War, Hajimu claims, turned domestic societies into "battlefields" in which people were forced to choose sides in a global conflict expressed at the local level. Cold War Crucible is interested less in geopolitical realities than in discursive imaginings. The Korean War created bipolarity within societies on both sides of the "East West" divide, and the bipolar division of the Cold War became a simplified prism for seeing a postwar, decolonizing, post imperial world whose realities were far more multi dimensional and complex.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning in smart cities
Venue: Comput. Commun.
Year: 2020

Smart cities are aimed to efficiently manage growing urbanization, energy consumption, maintain a green environment, improve the economic and living standards of their citizens, and raise the people's capabilities to efficiently use and adopt the modern information and communication technology (ICT) In the smart cities concept, ICT is playing a vital role in policy design, decision, implementation, and ultimate productive services. The primary objective of this review is to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in the evolution of smart cities. The preceding techniques are efficiently used to design optimal policy regarding various smart city oriented complex problems. In this survey, we present in depth details of the applications of the prior techniques in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) cyber security, energy efficient utilization of smart grids (SGs) effective use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to assure the best services of 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) communications, and smart health care system in a smart city. Finally, we present various research challenges and future research directions where the aforementioned techniques can play an outstanding role to realize the concept of a smart city.
Dynamic Embeddings for Interaction Prediction
Venue: WWW
Year: 2021

In recommender systems (RSs) predicting the next item that a user interacts with is critical for user retention. While the last decade has seen an explosion of RSs aimed at identifying relevant items that match user preferences, there is still a range of aspects that could be considered to further improve their performance. For example, often RSs are centered around the user, who is modeled using her recent sequence of activities. Recent studies, however, have shown the effectiveness of modeling the mutual interactions between users and items using separate user and item embeddings. Building on the success of these studies, we propose a novel method called DeePRed that addresses some of their limitations. In particular, we avoid recursive and costly interactions between consecutive short term embeddings by using long term (stationary) embeddings as a proxy. This enable us to train DeePRed using simple mini batches without the overhead of specialized mini batches proposed in previous studies. Moreover, DeePRed's effectiveness comes from the aforementioned design and a multi way attention mechanism that inspects user item compatibility. Experiments show that DeePRed outperforms the best state of the art approach by at least 14% of Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) on next item prediction task, while gaining more than an order of magnitude speedup over the best performing baselines. Although this study is mainly concerned with temporal interaction networks, we also show the power and flexibility of DeePRed by adapting it to the case of static interaction networks, substituting the short and long term aspects with local and global ones.