nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetic acid conversion reactions on basic and acidic catalysts under biomass fast pyrolysis conditions
Venue: Molecular Catalysis
Year: 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the reaction pathways of acetic acid, the most abundant organic acid in bio oils, over acidic and basic catalysts under typical biomass fast pyrolysis conditions. The pyrolysis/cracking experiments were performed in a fluidized bed reactor at 500 degC over a ZSM 5 zeolite formulation, as the acidic catalyst, and MgO as the basic catalyst. Both exhibit high activity 70 wt. conversion) but distinctly different product selectivity. The primary reaction scheme on both acid and basic sites involves the ketonization of acetic acid to acetone, water and CO2, via different elementary routes. However, the consecutive reactions of acetone differ significantly depending on the nature of the active sites, leading to different product selectivity over the two types of catalysts. Aromatics, phenols, light olefins and CO were the main by products over ZSM 5, while MgO favored the formation of higher ketones. TPD studies on acetic acid and acetone saturated catalysts indicated that acetone undergoes self condensation and oligomerization reactions at temperatures 300 degC on MgO, yielding mainly CO2 and coke. On ZSM 5, both the direct dehydration of acetic acid and the secondary cracking of acetone condensation products play an equally important role, leading to the production of light olefins and small aromatic hydrocarbons. Phenols were also produced over ZSM 5 via acetone condensation and cyclization routes.
Swarm Robots Search for Multiple Targets Based on an Improved Grouping Strategy
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Year: 2018

Swarm robots search for multiple targets in collaboration in unknown environments has been addressed in this paper. An improved grouping strategy based on constriction factors Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed. Robots are grouped under this strategy after several iterations of stochastic movements, which considers the influence range of targets and environmental information they have sensed. The group structure may change dynamically and each group focuses on searching one target. All targets are supposed to be found finally. Obstacle avoidance is considered during the search process. Simulation compared with previous method demonstrates the adaptability, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed strategy in multiple targets searching.
The Posthuman as Hollow Idol: A Nietzschean Critique of Human Enhancement.
Venue: The Journal of medicine and philosophy
Year: 2017

In this paper, the author aims to show that transhumanists are confused about their own conception of the posthuman: transhumanists anticipate radical transformation of the human through technology and at the same time assume that the criteria to determine what is "normal" and what is "enhanced" are univocal, both in our present time and in the future. Inspired by Nietzsche's notion of the Overhuman, the author argues that the slightest "historical and phenomenological sense" discloses copious variations of criteria, both diachronic and synchronic, for what can be considered "normal" and "enhanced." Radical transformation through technology does not simply enable us to become "stronger," "smarter," or "healthier," but it can and often will also change the very standard or yardstick with which we measure what counts as "stronger," "smarter," or "healthier." Put yet differently: new and emerging technologies are not neutral means but often bring about different and, from our current perspective, foreign standards for determining what are "normal" and "enhanced" capacities. Since the qualitative meanings of these terms are themselves not fixed, it is unintelligible and too reassuring to simply predict that new technologies will enhance human beings.
Changing Neighborhoods and Residents' Health Perceptions: The Heart Healthy Hoods Qualitative Study
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
Year: 2018

Cities, and therefore neighborhoods, are under constant change. Neighborhood changes may affect residents' health in multiple ways. The Heart Healthy Hoods (HHH) project studies the association between neighborhood and residents' health. Focusing on a middle low socioeconomic neighborhood in Madrid (Spain) our aim was to describe qualitatively its residents' perceptions on the urban changes and their impacts on health. We designed a qualitative study using 16 semi structured interviews including adult residents and professionals living or working in the area. Firstly, we described the perceived main social and neighborhood changes. Secondly, we studied how these neighborhood changes connected to residents' health perceptions. Perceived major social changes were new demographic composition, new socio cultural values and economic changes. Residents' negative health perceptions were the reduction of social relationships, increase of stress and labor precariousness. Positive health perceptions were the creation of supportive links, assimilation of self care activities and the change in traditional roles. Neighborhood changes yielded both negative and positive effects on residents' health. These effects would be the result of the interrelation of different elements such as the existence or absence of social ties, family responsibilities, time availability, economic resources and access and awareness to health promoting programs. These qualitative research results provide important insight into crafting urban health policies that may ultimately improve health outcomes in communities undergoing change.
Small world network analysis on fault propagation characteristics of water networks in eco industrial parks
Venue: Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Year: 2019

Water network failures in eco industrial parks (EIPs) are often caused due to the spread of a fault from a small fault source. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate failure propagation characteristics to ensure the safety and stability of operations. This paper presents the fault propagation characteristics of water networks in EIPs. First, a water network model of an EIP is constructed based on the theory of small world network. Second, the degree and betweenness centrality of nodes are used to identify the high load nodes of water networks. The fault nodes are assumed to be the ones affecting the effluent quality nodes. According to the ant colony algorithm, the failure propagation paths with the highest risk are found by fault attack and maximum load attack, respectively. The illustrated cases show that the proposed method can find weak links of water networks, which provides a basis for fault prevention, selection of key monitoring variables, and risk assessment.
Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease
Venue: Journal of veterinary internal medicine
Year: 2016

Serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats an average of 17.0 months before serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations increased above the reference interval.  To report on the utility of measuring serum SDMA concentrations in dogs for detection of CKD before diagnosis by measurement of serum Cr. Animals CKD dogs (n 19) included those persistently azotemic for =3 months (n 5) dogs that were azotemic at the time of death (n 4) and nonazotemic dogs (n 10) CKD dogs were compared with healthy control dogs (n 20)  Retrospective study, whereby serum Cr concentrations were determined by enzymatic colorimetry and serum SDMA concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in dogs with necropsy confirmed CKD.  Serum SDMA increased before serum Cr in 17 of 19 dogs (mean, 9.8 months; range, 2.2 27.0 months) Duration of elevations in serum SDMA concentrations before the dog developed azotemia (N 1) or before the dog died (N 1) was not determined. Serum SDMA and Cr concentrations were linearly related (r 0.84; P .001) Serum SDMA (r 0.80) and serum Cr (r 0.89) concentrations were significantly related to glomerular filtration rate (both P .001)  Using serum SDMA as a biomarker for CKD allows earlier detection of kidney dysfunction in dogs than does measurement of serum Cr. Earlier detection might be desirable for initiating renoprotective interventions that slow progression of kidney disease.
Institutional change and productivity growth in China's manufacturing: the microeconomics of knowledge accumulation and "creative restructuring"
Year: 2015

This article investigates the microeconomics underlying the spectacular growth of productivity in China's manufacturing sector over the period 1998 2007. Underlying the aggregate evidence of such dramatic growth, one observes a large, albeit shrinking, intra sectoral heterogeneity coupled with an even more important process of learning and knowledge accumulation. A major process of both catching up and dying out among the least efficient ones occurs. Furthermore, we explore the effect of the characteristics of firms according to the ownership and governance structure upon the productivity distributions, highlighting the importance of the transformation of domestic firms as drivers of technical learning. In essence, China's fast catching up process entails more of learning and "creative restructuring" of domestic firms rather than sheer "creative destruction" and even less so a multinational corporation led drive.
Steroid Side Effects.
Venue: JAMA
Year: 2019

Steroid Side Effects Steroids, as we all are well aware of, are drugs that help bring about desired effects in the body, altering and at times reciprocating certain body functions, though temporarily. They generally have anabolic impact on the body and are thus termed as anabolic steroids, technically called anabolic androgen steroids. Their main function lies in increasing the synthesis of protein within cells, resulting in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism) particularly in he muscles. Therapeutically, they mimic the effects of the hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the body. Anabolic steroids possess androgenic and virilizing properties, including the development and maintenance of masculine properties. As far as administering steroids by sportspersons is concerned, their usage is controversial mainly because of their adverse effects and also gaining triumph through unfair means. This is commonly referred to as ?doping? The side effects of steroids may be numerous and ranging in severity. Depending upon the length of their use, these side effects may be irreversible and adverse, leading to jeopardy of health. Other factors affecting the frequency and severity of side effects are the type of drug, dosage, duration of use and individual sensitivity and response. 1. ANABOLIC EFFECTS (i) Enhanced protein synthesis (ii) Increased appetite (iii) Increased remodeling and growth of bone tissues (iv) Stimulation of muscle cell formation (v) Stimulation of bone marrow 2. VIRILIZING EFFECTS (i) Enlargement of the clitoris in females and that of penis in male children (ii) Enhanced growth of androgenic sensitive hair (iii) Increased of vocal cord (iv) Deepening of voice (v) Increased libido (vi) Impaired production of sperm (vii) Suppression of natural sex hormones 3. SHORT TERM SIDE EFFECTS A veritable buffet of problems may be experienced by both men and women. Men may face problems such as:
Effect of silver diammine fluoride on micro ecology of plaque from extensive caries of deciduous teeth in vitro study
Venue: BMC oral health
Year: 2020

The mechanism of action of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) on plaque micro ecology is seldom studied. This study investigated micro ecological changes in dental plaque on extensive caries of deciduous teeth after topical SDF treatment.  Deciduous teeth with extensive caries freshly removed from school children were collected in clinic. Unstimulated saliva collection and initial plaque sampling were done before tooth extraction, then each caries was topically treated with 38% SDF in vitro. After intervention, each tooth was stored respectively in artificial saliva at 37 degC. Repeated plaque collections were done at 24 h and 1 week post intervention. Post intervention micro ecological changes including microbial diversity, microbial metabolism function as well as species correlations were analyzed and compared after pyrosequencing of the DNA from the plaque sample using Illumina MiSeq platform.  After SDF application, microbial diversity decreased P 0.05) although not statistically significant. Microbial community composition post intervention was noticeably different from that of supragingival and pre intervention plaque as well as saliva. At 1 week post intervention, the relative content of Pseudomonas Fusobacterium and Pseudoramibacter were higher than before, while most of the other bacteria were reduced, although the changes were not statistically significant P 0.05) The inter microbial associations became more complex, much more positive associations among survived bacteria were observed than negative ones. COG function classification diagram showed carbohydrate transportation and metabolic functions in the plaque were significantly reduced at 24 h and 1 week post intervention.  SDF has extensive antimicrobial effect on dental plaque, which may reduce carbohydrate metabolism in dental plaque and help promote new balance of the plaque flora.
Symbol Emergence in Cognitive Developmental Systems: A Survey
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems
Year: 2019

Humans use signs, e.g. sentences in a spoken language, for communication and thought. Hence, symbol systems like language are crucial for our communication with other agents and adaptation to our real world environment. The symbol systems we use in our human society adaptively and dynamically change over time. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive systems, the symbol grounding problem has been regarded as one of the central problems related to symbols. However, the symbol grounding problem was originally posed to connect symbolic AI and sensorimotor information and did not consider many interdisciplinary phenomena in human communication and dynamic symbol systems in our society, which semiotics considered. In this paper, we focus on the symbol emergence problem, addressing not only cognitive dynamics but also the dynamics of symbol systems in society, rather than the symbol grounding problem. We first introduce the notion of a symbol in semiotics from the humanities, to leave the very narrow idea of symbols in symbolic AI. Furthermore, over the years, it became more and more clear that symbol emergence has to be regarded as a multifaceted problem. Therefore, second, we review the history of the symbol emergence problem in different fields, including both biological and artificial systems, showing their mutual relations. We summarize the discussion and provide an integrative viewpoint and comprehensive overview of symbol emergence in cognitive systems. Additionally, we describe the challenges facing the creation of cognitive systems that can be part of symbol emergence systems.
Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective
Venue: Language in Society
Year: 2017

This article presents what we term a raciolinguistic perspective, which theorizes the historical and contemporary co naturalization of language and race. Rather than taking for granted existing categories for parsing and classifying race and language, we seek to understand how and why these categories have been co naturalized, and to imagine their denaturalization as part of a broader structural project of contesting white supremacy. We explore five key components of a raciolinguistic perspective: (i) historical and contemporary colonial co naturalizations of race and language; (ii) perceptions of racial and linguistic difference; (iii) regimentations of racial and linguistic categories; (iv) racial and linguistic intersections and assemblages; and (v) contestations of racial and linguistic power formations. These foci reflect our investment in developing a careful theorization of various forms of racial and linguistic inequality on the one hand, and our commitment to the imagination and creation of more just societies on the other.
Effectiveness of exercise training after bariatric surgery a systematic literature review and meta analysis
Venue: Obesity reviews an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
Year: 2018

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta analysis of controlled trials assessing exercise training programs in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. We systematically searched exercise training studies performed after bariatric surgery published up to June 2017. Studies reporting changes in body composition, physical fitness, functional capacity, objectively measured physical activity, quality of life or relevant health outcomes were included. The review protocol is available from PROSPERO (CRD42017069380) Meta analyses were conducted using random effects models when data were available from at least five articles. Twenty articles were included, describing 16 exercise training programs, of which 15 were included in the meta analysis. Overall, exercise training was associated with higher weight loss (mean difference: 2.4 kg, 95% CI: 4.2; 0.6, I2 49% n 12) higher fat mass loss 2.7 kg, 95% CI: 4.5; 1.0, I2 50% n 8) and improved VO2max and functional walking (standardized mean difference: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.29; 1.44, I2 57% n 6; 1.45, 95% CI: 0.32; 2.58, I2 89% n 6, respectively) Exercise training was not associated with lean body mass changes. In conclusion, exercise training programs performed after bariatric surgery were found effective to optimize weight loss and fat mass loss and to improve physical fitness, although no additional effect on lean body mass loss was found.
REVISITING THE SCATTERING GREENHOUSE EFFECT OF CO2 ICE CLOUDS
Year: 2016

Carbon dioxide ice clouds are thought to play an important role for cold terrestrial planets with thick CO2 dominated atmospheres. Various previous studies showed that a scattering greenhouse effect by carbon dioxide ice clouds could result in a massive warming of the planetary surface. However, all of these studies only employed simplified two stream radiative transfer schemes to describe the anisotropic scattering. Using accurate radiative transfer models with a general discrete ordinate method, this study revisits this important effect and shows that the positive climatic impact of carbon dioxide clouds was strongly overestimated in the past. The revised scattering greenhouse effect can have important implications for the early Mars, but also for planets like the early Earth or the position of the outer boundary of the habitable zone.
ONLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION FOR PERSONAL AUTHENTICATION BY USING NEURAL NETWORK SVM CLASSIFIER
Year: 2018

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering SVERI's COE Pandharpur, Solapur, Maharashtra, India Abstract The widely biometric used for certification is signature. There are numerous methods widely for the classification of signature as true or false .This paper aims at reviewing different approaches towards sign verification methods. Signature verification has very wide applications in fields of banking for processing of cheques, in monitory transactions etc. Verification, authencity and reliability of Signature is highly important in places such as boarding of aircraft, crossing international borders and performing economical transactions. A handwritten signature is a legally and socially accepted biometric trait for authenticating an individual. Typically, there are 2 types of handwritten signature verification systems: "off line" and "online" systems. In off line system, just an image of the user's signature is acquired without additional attributes, whereas, in online system, a sequence of x y co ordinates of the user's signature, along with associated attributes like time, pressure etc. are also acquired. So, an online verification system usually achieves more accuracy than offline system.
Impact of Audit Committee Adoption and its Characteristics on Financial Performance: Evidence from 100 French Companies
Year: 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of legal creation of audit committees on financial firm performance. Precisely, we examine the impact of the establishment of audit committee, following the enactment of Ordinance No. 2008 1278, on financial firm market performance. Moreover, we investigate whether the audit committee characteristics such as independence of the members of the audit committees, the size; the accounting and financial expertise of the committee members as well as the frequency of audit committee meetings determine financial performance. We choose two measures for performance namely ROE and ROA. We conduct a panel study for a sample of 100 French companies listed on the Paris Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2015. The results show that the appearance of a legal text pushes the establishment of the committee but has no significant effect on the company's performance. This can be explained by the strong voluntary adoption of the audit committee following the publication of the Vienot Reports (Saada, 1998)
Pectin polymers as wall materials for the nano encapsulation of bioactive compounds
Venue: Trends in Food Science Technology
Year: 2019

Pectin has been used as a carrier for the protection and targeted delivery of bioactive compounds and for increasing their shelf life and stability. Nano encapsulation process is one of the techniques that has been used for the effective protection of bioactive compounds.  This review aims to describe the different sources and characterization of pectin along with various encapsulation methods of different bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the focus is on the application of nano encapsulation pectin for the entrapment of bioactive compounds.  Pectin can be used for nano encapsulation, where nano capsules can be formed through different methods i.e. spray drying, emulsion and through the formation of hydrogel, liposomes, and nanocomplexes. Moreover, the use of pectin in combination with other compounds such as proteins and lipids were found to be the most promising wall material for the bioactive compounds.
Parent Teaching: a Strategy to Build Effective Communication in Learning Among Teachers Parents Students
Year: 2019

This study aims to know the implementation of parent teaching to build effective communication in learning among teacher parents students, the benefit of parent teaching for students' learning and the obstacles in implementing parent teaching. This is descriptive qualitative research study. The data were collected by using observation and interview. The data were the K1 and K2 students in TK Az Zalfa Pacitan with 63 students, as well as the teachers and the parents. The result shows that the implementation of parent teaching is divided into pre activity, while activity and post activity. Pre activity consists of making the schedule for weekly parent teaching, discussing the theme material, designing the material. While activity consists of opening activity, main activity, and closing activity. Post activity consists of evaluating the parent teaching activity. The benefits of parent teaching activity are as follow: the parents have an experience to teach the students, the parents know the real teaching learning process in classroom, the parents can communicate with the teacher, the parents can know the students, and parent teaching can increase students' motivation and interest. The obstacles are less experience from parents in teaching and the nervousness of parents to teach kindergarten students.  Parent Teaching, Communication,