nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Near Surface Thermal Inversions in 2005 06 in the Southeastern Arabian Sea (Lakshadweep Sea)
Year: 2009

Repeat XBT transects made at near fortnightly intervals in the Lakshadweep Sea (southeastern Arabian Sea) and ocean data assimilation products are examined to describe the year to year variability in the observed near surface thermal inversions during the winter seasons of 2002 06. Despite the existence of a large low salinity water intrusion into the Lakshadweep Sea, there was an unusually lower number of near surface thermal inversions during the winter 2005/06 compared to the other winters. The possible causative mechanisms are examined. During the summer monsoon of 2005 and the following winter season, unusually heavy rainfall occurred over the southwestern Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep Sea compared to other years in the study. Furthermore, during the winter of 2005, both the East India Coastal Current and the Winter Monsoon Current were stronger compared to the other years, transporting larger quantities of low salinity waters from the Bay of Bengal into the Lakshadweep Sea where a relat.
Barcodes: The persistent topology of data
Year: 2007

This article surveys recent work of Carlsson and collaborators on applications of computational algebraic topology to problems of feature detection and shape recognition in high dimensional data. The primary mathematical tool considered is a homology theory for point cloud data sets persistent homology and a novel representation of this algebraic characterization barcodes. We sketch an application of these techniques to the classification of natural images. 1. The shape of data When a topologist is asked, "How do you visualize a four dimensional object?" the appropriate response is a Socratic rejoinder: "How do you visualize a threedimensional object?" We do not see in three spatial dimensions directly, but rather via sequences of planar projections integrated in a manner that is sensed if not comprehended. We spend a significant portion of our first year of life learning how to infer three dimensional spatial data from paired planar projections. Years of practice have tuned a remarkable ability to extract global structure from representations in a strictly lower dimension. The inference of global structure occurs on much finer scales as well, with regards to converting discrete data into continuous images. Dot matrix printers, scrolling LED tickers, televisions, and computer displays all communicate images via arrays of discrete points which are integrated into coherent, global objects. This also is a skill we have practiced from childhood. No adult does a dot to dot puzzle with anything approaching anticipation. 1.1. Topological data analysis. Problems of data analysis share many features with these two fundamental integration tasks: (1) how does one infer high dimensional structure from low dimensional representations; and (2) how does one assemble discrete points into global structure. The principal themes of this survey of the work of Carlsson, de Silva, Edelsbrunner, Harer, Zomorodian, and others are the following: (1) It is beneficial to replace a set of data points with a family of simplicial complexes, indexed by a proximity parameter. This converts the data set into global topological objects. (2) It is beneficial to view these topological complexes through the lens of algebraic topology specifically, via a novel theory of persistent homology adapted to parameterized families. (3) It is beneficial to encode the persistent homology of a data set in the form of a parameterized version of a Betti number: a barcode. The author gratefully acknowledges the support of DARPA HR0011 07 1 0002. The work reviewed in this article is funded by the DARPA program TDA: Topological Data Analysis.
Evaluation of Portland Limestone Cement Concretes Containing High Volume of Fly Ash
Year: 2012

There is a global initiative aimed at reducing the impact of humans on the environment of which the concrete industry is a large part. In order to achieve this, current focus is being placed on the use of portland limestone cements. U.S. standards currently allow for a replacement of portland cement clinker up to 10% and an increase to 15% is being considered. Canadian standards currently allow the use of 15% limestone and Europe the maximum allowed is 35% This research compares the performance of concrete produced using portland limestone cement with Type I/II portland cement. Additionally, high volumes of fly ash were incorporated in order to determine its effect on concretes made with portland limestone cement. Six concrete mixtures were designed: one control mixture using Type I/II portland cement with a companion mixture incorporating portland limestone cement, and four mixtures replacing portland limestone cement with 30% 40% 50% and 60% Class F fly ash. Testing of the fresh and hardened properties was conducted including slump, air content, unit weight, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and permeability. Both concretes containing 100% Type I/II cement and portland limestone cement (PLC) performed similarly. Acceptable strengths at 56 days of age were found in mixtures with up to 50% portland limestone cement replacement with strengths substantially decreasing at 60% fly ash. Permeability was found to decrease with increasing percentages of fly ash indicating that the use of High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) in PLC concretes resulted in concrete mixtures that were more durable than the concrete mixtures containing no fly ash.
Superconductivity in metallic twisted bilayer graphene stabilized by WSe2
Venue: Nature
Year: 2020

Magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with rotational misalignment close to 1.1 degrees, features isolated flat electronic bands that host a rich phase diagram of correlated insulating, superconducting, ferromagnetic and topological phases1 6. Correlated insulators and superconductivity have been previously observed only for angles within 0.1 degree of the magic angle and occur in adjacent or overlapping electron density ranges; nevertheless, the origins of these states and the relation between them remain unclear, owing to their sensitivity to microscopic details. Beyond twist angle and strain, the dependence of the TBG phase diagram on the alignment4,6 and thickness of the insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)7,8 used to encapsulate the graphene sheets indicates the importance of the microscopic dielectric environment. Here we show that adding an insulating tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer between the hBN and the TBG stabilizes superconductivity at twist angles much smaller than the magic angle. For the smallest twist angle of 0.79 degrees, superconductivity is still observed despite the TBG exhibiting metallic behaviour across the whole range of electron densities. Finite magnetic field measurements further reveal weak antilocalization signatures as well as breaking of fourfold spin valley symmetry, consistent with spin orbit coupling induced in the TBG via its proximity to WSe2. Our results constrain theoretical explanations for the emergence of superconductivity in TBG and open up avenues towards engineering quantum phases in moire systems. Placing a single layer of tungsten diselenide in contact with twisted bilayer graphene enables superconductivity even for non magic twist angles where insulating behavior is absent.
Anisotropic Optical Shock Waves in Isotropic Media with Giant Nonlocal Nonlinearity.
Venue: Physical review letters
Year: 2020

Dispersive shock waves in thermal optical media are nonlinear phenomena whose intrinsic irreversibility is described by time asymmetric quantum mechanics. Recent studies demonstrated that the nonlocal wave breaking evolves in an exponentially decaying dynamics ruled by the reversed harmonic oscillator, namely, the simplest irreversible quantum system in the rigged Hilbert spaces. The generalization of this theory to more complex scenarios is still an open question. In this work, we use a thermal third order medium with an unprecedented giant Kerr coefficient, the m cresol/nylon mixed solution, to access an extremely nonlinear, highly nonlocal regime and realize anisotropic shock waves with internal gaps. We compare our experimental observations to results obtained under similar conditions but in hemoglobin solutions from human red blood cells, and found that the gap formation strongly depends on the nonlinearity strength. We prove that a superposition of Gamow vectors in an ad hoc rigged Hilbert space, that is, a tensorial product between the reversed and the standard harmonic oscillators spaces, describes the beam propagation beyond the shock point. The anisotropy turns out from the interaction of trapping and antitrapping potentials. Our work furnishes the description of novel intriguing shock phenomena mediated by extreme nonlinearities.
Le guide de bonnes pratiques un outil prometteur pour la mise en oeuvre des droits humains dans les legislations cantonales
Year: 2020

Le droit international s'adresse parfois aux legislateurs cantonaux et exige d'eux qu'ils prennent des mesures legislatives, par exemple pour mettre en oeuvre des obligations decoulant de la protection des droits humains. En novembre dernier, le Comite des droits economiques, sociaux et culturels (DESC) des Nations unies a rendu publiques ses recommandations a la Suisse suite a son examen. Le Comite encourage la Suisse a renforcer les mecanismes de coordination entre la Confederation et les cantons afin d'assurer la pleine mise en oeuvre des droits humains dans le systeme federal. Quel est le role des legislateurs cantonaux et comment est ce que la societe civile peut elle mobiliser le droit international en matiere des droits humains dans les processus legislatifs cantonaux Ce rapport a ete produit a la suite d'un webinaire organise par l'equipe du projet Bypassing the Nation State? How Swiss Cantonal Parliaments Deal with International Obligations (International Law and Subnational Parliaments, ILSP) de l'Universite de Lausanne le 4 juin 2020 (www.unil.ch/ilsp #ilspUNIL) Ce rapport resume les points marquants de la discussion et souligne la recommandation de creer un guide de bonnes pratiques sur la mise en oeuvre de certains aspects du Pacte international relatif aux droits economiques, sociaux et culturels (Pacte ONU I)
Real time dynamics of mutagenesis reveal the chronology of DNA repair and damage tolerance responses in single cells
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018

A central goal in genetics is to understand how mutation rates are regulated by the genome maintenance system in response to DNA damage or drug treatments. This has been challenging because existing mutation assays only show time and population averages of mutation rates and do not resolve the underlying molecular processes. Toward this goal, I utilized a microscopy based method which enables relating the creation of DNA mismatches to single cell gene expression dynamics in real time. I show that DNA alkylation damage causes a distinct pulse of mutagenesis that is shaped by the chronology of constitutive and inducible DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways. Stochastic fluctuations in the expression of these pathways modulated the dynamics of mutagenesis in single Escherichia coli cells. Evolutionary processes are driven by diverse molecular mechanisms that act in the creation and prevention of mutations. It remains unclear how these mechanisms are regulated because limitations of existing mutation assays have precluded measuring how mutation rates vary over time in single cells. Toward this goal, I detected nascent DNA mismatches as a proxy for mutagenesis and simultaneously followed gene expression dynamics in single Escherichia coli cells using microfluidics. This general microscopy based approach revealed the real time dynamics of mutagenesis in response to DNA alkylation damage and antibiotic treatments. It also enabled relating the creation of DNA mismatches to the chronology of the underlying molecular processes. By avoiding population averaging, I discovered cell to cell variation in mutagenesis that correlated with heterogeneity in the expression of alternative responses to DNA damage. Pulses of mutagenesis are shown to arise from transient DNA repair deficiency. Constitutive expression of DNA repair pathways and induction of damage tolerance by the SOS response compensate for delays in the activation of inducible DNA repair mechanisms, together providing robustness against the toxic and mutagenic effects of DNA alkylation damage.
Effectiveness and Safety of Apatinib in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction: A Prospective Observation Study
Venue: OncoTargets and therapy
Year: 2020

Apatinib showed promising efficacy in the treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) in previous clinical studies. However, the real world data are limited, and this study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of apatinib for the treatment of advanced or mGC in this setting.  In this prospective observational study, progression free survival (PFS) overall survival (OS) overall response rate (ORR) disease control rate (DCR) and treatment related adverse events (AEs) were recorded and evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore potential biomarkers which might be related to the effectiveness.  A total of 321 mGC patients from 47 centers in China were enrolled between July 1, 2015, and March 1, 2018. Thirty two patients achieved partial response, 155 patients achieved stable disease, and 115 patients had progressive disease, and no CR was achieved, illustrating an ORR of 10.60% and a DCR of 61.92% The median PFS and OS were 4.0 and 8.2 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the potential biomarkers associated with longer PFS were combination regimens plus taxel/docetaxel, and apatinib initial dosage =500mg, occurrence of AEs of leukopenia, and hand foot syndrome. Main AEs were proteinuria (17.1% hypertension (15.9% and handfoot syndrome (8.7%  The present prospective observational study showed favorable effectiveness and safety of apatinib in real world patients with advanced or metastatic GC in China. (A prospective, multi center, non intervention study of apatinib in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer Trial Registry Number: ChiCTR OPN 15006601)
Semantic segmentation of panoramic images using a synthetic dataset
Venue: Security Defence
Year: 2019

Panoramic images have advantages in information capacity and scene stability due to their large field of view (FoV) In this paper, we propose a method to synthesize a new dataset of panoramic image. We managed to stitch the images taken from different directions into panoramic images, together with their labeled images, to yield the panoramic semantic segmentation dataset denominated as SYNTHIA PANO. For the purpose of finding out the effect of using panoramic images as training dataset, we designed and performed a comprehensive set of experiments. Experimental results show that using panoramic images as training data is beneficial to the segmentation result. In addition, it has been shown that by using panoramic images with a 180 degree FoV as training data the model has better performance. Furthermore, the model trained with panoramic images also has a better capacity to resist the image distortion. Our codes and SYNTHIA PANO dataset are available: https:/github.com/Francis515/SYNTHIA PANO.
Determination of tryptophan derivatives in kynurenine pathway in fermented foods using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Venue: Food chemistry
Year: 2018

This study aimed to develop an analytical method for the determination of tryptophan and its derivatives in kynurenine pathway using tandem mass spectrometry in various fermented food products (bread, beer, red wine, white cheese, yoghurt, kefir and cocoa powder) The method entails an aqueous extraction and reversed phase chromatographic separation using pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column. It allowed quantitation of low ppb levels of tryptophan and its derivatives in different fermented food matrices. It was found that beer samples were found to contain kynurenine within the range of 28.7+ 0.7mg/L and 86.3+ 0.5mg/L. Moreover, dairy products (yoghurt, white cheese and kefir) contained kynurenine ranging from 30.3 to 763.8mg/kg d.w. Though bread samples analyzed did not contain kynurenic acid, beer and red wine samples as yeast fermented foods were found to contain kynurenic acid. Among foods analyzed, cacao powder had the highest amounts of kynurenic acid (4486.2+ 165.6mg/kgd.w) which is a neuroprotective compound.
Mathematical Assessment of Social Media Impact on Academic Performance of Students in Higher Institution
Year: 2018

In this paper, a compartmental model approach was used in formulating a model to investigate the effects of social media on academic performance of students in higher institution. The total population is sub divided in to five compartments which are: social media non users class, less active users class, active users class, high performance class and low performance class. Two equilibria (Media Free Equilibrium MFE and Media Addiction Equilibrium Points AEP) were obtained and analyzed. The basic reproduction number was obtained and the stability analysis of the MFE reveals that, the MFE is locally asymptotically stable if is greater than unity and unstable otherwise. The AEP exists whenever A numerical solution of the model was obtained and it shows that there is a significant effects of social media on academic performance of students in higher institution which proved the local stability analysis of the MFE.
Classification of Protein Structures by Making Fuzzy Rough Feature Selection
Venue: 2020 4th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT)
Year: 2020

The understanding of protein structures is very important, because it is essential in development of new drugs for different diseases. One of the most important problems in this area, is solving the problem of classifying proteins. The literature offers numerous methods for protein classification. However, there is still need for fast and accurate methods that could be used for this purpose. In this paper, we introduce an approach for classifying protein structures. First, we extract feature vectors for the training protein structures. In this study, we use the protein ray based descriptor as a representative of the protein structure. For classification, we use several well known classification methods. Before applying the corresponding classifier, we also make feature selection by using fuzzy rough feature selection algorithm. We made experiments with and without feature selection, in order to show the benefit of making feature selection.
Encouraging ownership of online spaces: Support for pre service English teachers through computer mediated communication:
Year: 2006

High attrition rates among new teachers are of concern to teacher educators. Support mechanisms may help teachers feel less isolated in their new profession. Computer mediated communication (CMC) technologies can connect novice teachers in ways that are both time and place independent. Most research on asynchronous online discussions has focused on achieving formal learning goals through highly structured scaffolds for reflective thinking and cognitive presence. Less attention is being paid to how novice teachers who are already accustomed to participating in online communities turn to these online spaces for the support they need. This case study examined whether and how eight preservice teachers completing English education internships at professional development schools chose to use an asynchronous discussion forum in the absence of a tightly structured or controlled communication task. The interns chose to use the online space for just in time informal learning and for psychological support on complex issues that were not easy to discuss face to face. The interns regularly responded to each others' requests, thoughts, and concerns. The authors propose that highly structured online forums are not the only way CMC can be used for teacher support, particularly now that CMC is no longer a novelty, nor should formal learning be the only purpose for providing such online spaces to novice teachers.
Study on behavior of stock market volatility in perspective of Malaysia
Year: 2013

xvii Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia vi CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background of Study 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 Research Objective 4 1.3.1 General Objective 4 1.3.2 Specific  Hypotheses of Research 6 1.6 Significant of Study 7 1.7 Chapter Layout 8 1.8 Conclusion 9 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.0 Introduction 10 2.1 Review of Literature 10 2.1.1 Stock Market Variability 11 2.1.2 Inflation Rate of Malaysia as a Determinant of Stock Price Volatility 12 2.1.3 Exchange Rate Determinant of Stock Price 14 2.1.4 Foreign Direct Investment of Stock Price Variability 17 2.1.5 Money Supply 18 2.1.6 Asian Financial Crisis 20 2.2 Review of Relevant Theoretical Model 21 2.2.1 Stock Return 21 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia vii 2.2.1.1 Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) 21 2.2.1.2 Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 21 2.2.1.3 Random Walk Theory 22 2.2.2 Inflation Rate 23 2.2.2.1 Fisher Effect Theory 23 2.2.3 Exchange Rate 23 2.2.3.1 Markowitz"s Portfolio Theory 23 2.2.4 Foreign Direct Investment 24 2.2.5 Money Supply 24 2.2.5.1 Real Activity Theory 24 2.3 Proposed Theoretical Conceptual Framework 25 2.4 Hypotheses Development 26 2.5 Conclusion 30 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 31 3.0 Introduction 31 3.1  3.3 Data Processing 33 3.4 Methodology 34 3.4.1 Unit Root Test 34 3.4.2 Ordinary Least Square (OLS) 35 3.4.2.1 Multicollinearity 35 3.4.2.2 Heteroscedasticity 36 3.4.2.3 ARCH Test 36 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia viii 3.4.2.4 Autocorrelation 37 3.4.2.5 Durbin Watson Test 37 3.4.3 Granger Causality Test 38 3.5  CHAPTER 4 Data Analysis 40 4.0 Introduction 40 4.1 Descriptive Statistic 40 4.2 Unit Root Test 43 4.3 Model Specification 43 4.3.1 Normality Test 43 4.3.2 Ramsey RESET Test 44 4.4 Description of the Empirical Model 44 4.4.1 Empirical Result Interpretations 47 4.5 Diagnostic Testing 48 4.5.1 Multicollinearity 48 4.5.2 Heteroscedasticity (ARCH Test) 49 4.5.3 Autocorrelation 50 4.6 Granger Causality Test 52 4.7 Conclusion 53 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION,  5.0 Introduction 54 5.1 Summary on Statistical Analyses 54 5.2 Discussions of Major Findings 56 5.3 Implication of the Study 57 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia ix 5.4 Limitations of the Study 59 5.5 Recommendations for Future Research 61 5.6 Conclusion 62 References 65 Appendices 78 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia