nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Landscape study of potentially essential patents disclosed to ETSI. A study carried out in the context of the EC 'Pilot study for essentiality assessment of Standard Essential Patents' project
Year: 2020

The study presented in this report is carried as part of a larger study, which is the "Pilot project for essentiality checks of Standard Essential Patents" Part of that larger study was the execution of a patent landscape investigation. The main goals of this report are: To provide a patent landscape analysis of SDO disclosed patents (and what this implies for their use as input to an essentiality assessment mechanism) To analyse whether SDO disclosed patents differ from comparable other patents in quality (both technical merit and economic value) The starting point for this study is data that is self reported by companies on the basis of their belief that these patents "may be or may become essential to an ETSI standard"
Narrow band emitters in LED backlights for liquid crystal displays
Year: 2020

Over the last decade, narrow band emitters have been recognized as key enablers for light emitting diodes (LEDs) backlights in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) by competing with other display technologies. Today, efforts have been devoted to the exploration of narrow band green/red luminescent materials with high quantum efficiency and excellent stability to optimize the performance of LED backlights. This review first presents an overview of the significant progress made in the development of narrow band emitters used in LED backlights for LCDs with the emphasis on the versatile materials databases from doped phosphors to luminescent II VI, III V semiconductor quantum dots, and the recent halide perovskites nanocrystals and bulk metal halides. Subsequently, the correlation of structure luminescence properties, and the device performance optimization of these emitters have been analyzed. The focus is placed on summarizing and comparing the remarkable examples of outdated and new narrow band luminescent materials as potential candidates in LED backlights. Finally, the outlooks and challenges in discovering new narrow band emitters have been proposed.
Retinal vessel segmentation via deep learning network and fully connected conditional random fields
Venue: 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)
Year: 2016

Vessel segmentation is a key step for various medical applications. This paper introduces the deep learning architecture to improve the performance of retinal vessel segmentation. Deep learning architecture has been demonstrated having the powerful ability in automatically learning the rich hierarchical representations. In this paper, we formulate the vessel segmentation to a boundary detection problem, and utilize the fully convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to generate a vessel probability map. Our vessel probability map distinguishes the vessels and background in the inadequate contrast region, and has robustness to the pathological regions in the fundus image. Moreover, a fully connected Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is also employed to combine the discriminative vessel probability map and long range interactions between pixels. Finally, a binary vessel segmentation result is obtained by our method. We show that our proposed method achieve a state of the art vessel segmentation performance on the DRIVE and STARE datasets.
The Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Retrospective Analysis.
Venue: Risk analysis an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
Year: 2018

In terms of the evolution of sociological theory, it is difficult to overstate the impact of Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Aside from achieving voluminous sales and mass citations, the book is one of few academic monographs that can lay claim to transforming the ways in which people understand the world and their own experiences within it. The major hypothesis of author Ulrich Beck is that a fundamental shift has occurred in capitalist economies from a focus on the material production of goods to avoidance of "bads." Crucially, while social science thinkers had previously sought to understand the foundational dynamics of society with recourse to established categories such as class, gender, economy, and power Beck postulated that the key contours of the modern age were best understood through the prism of risk. Despite revolving around the concept of risk, Beck's work has not influenced the field of risk research as heavily as one might expect. In line with the ambitions of this special issue, this article contextualizes and situates the contribution made by Beck and connects his thesis to the broader evolution of risk theory over the last four decades. In documenting both catalytic effects and elisions, an appeal is made for reconsideration of the utility of the risk society perspective for future work in risk studies.
Context Matters: Revisiting the First Step of the 'Sequence of Prevention' of Sports Injuries
Venue: Sports Medicine
Year: 2018

It is possible to prevent sports injuries. Unfortunately, the demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness of injury prevention approaches are not translated into lasting real world effects. Contemporary views in sports medicine and injury prevention suggest that sports injuries are 'complex' phenomena. If the problem we aim to prevent is complex, then the first step in the 'sequence of prevention' that defines the 'injury problem' already needs to have considered this. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the first step of the 'sequence of prevention' and to explore new perspectives that acknowledge the complexity of the sports injury problem. First, this paper provides a retrospective of the 'sequence of prevention' acknowledging contemporary views on sports injuries and their prevention. Thereafter, from the perspective of the socioecological model, we demonstrate the need for taking into account the complex nature of sports injuries in the first step. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to explore and understand injury context through qualitative research methods. A better understanding of the injury problem in context will guide more context sensitive studies, thus providing a new perspective for sports injury prevention research.
The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster
Year: 2008

This is a revised version of the KatzNewcomb lecture presented at the University of Michigan, April 23 24, 1993. The 1993 lecture celebrated the life of Rensis Likert, the founding director of the Institute for Social Relations. All three people honored at the lecture Dan Katz, Ted Newcomb, and Ren Likert were born in 1903, which meant this lecture also celebrated their 90th birthdays. I am grateful to Lance Sandelands, Debra Meyerson, Robert Sutton, Doug Cowherd, and Karen Weick for their help in revising early drafts of this material. I also want to thank John Van Maanen,  Linda Pike, and the anonymous ASQ reviewers for their he lp with later drafts.
Linear Subspace Learning via sparse dimension reduction
Venue: 2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Year: 2014

Linear Subspace Learning (LSL) has been widely used in many areas of information processing, such as dimensionality reduction, data mining, pattern recognition and computer vision. Recent years have witnessed several excellent extensions of PCA in LSL. One is the recent L1 norm maximization principal component analysis (L1Max PCA) which aims at learning linear subspace efficiently. L1Max PCA simply simulates PCA by replacing the covariance with the so called L1 norm dispersion in the mapped feature space. However, it is difficult to give an intuitive interpretation. In this paper, a novel subspace learning approach based on sparse dimension reduction is proposed, which enforces the sparsity of the mapped data to better recover cluster structures. The optimization problem is solved efficiently via Alternating Direction Method (ADM) Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in subspace learning.
[Determination of the barrel inclination of the AK 74 assault rifle from the specific features of soot deposition after a shot around the inlet wounds caused by a burst of shots]
Venue: Sudebno meditsinskaia ekspertiza
Year: 2017

The specific features of soot deposition after a shot fired from the Kalashnikov AK 74 assault rifle are determined by the influence of the multiple factors, with the effect of the muzzle brake (MB) designed to enhance fire density and decrease the fire recoil energy being prevalent over other factors. The special windows, slots and holes in the muzzle brake mechanism are responsible for the appearance of the specific topographic features of soot deposition formed by the combustion gases passing through the assembly. Apart from the characteristic butterfly shaped soot deposition patterns that appear due to the presence of two windows in the muzzle brake assembly, the additional zones of soot deposition can sometimes be seen on the objects and targets due to the escape of the combustion gases through the MB compensator openings. This phenomenon enables a forensic medical expert to determine orientation and position of the AK 74 rifle with respect to the shooting target. This article reports the results of the forensic medical expertise of a serviceman who died from the injuries to the head inflicted by a burst of shots fired from the Kalashnikov AK 74 assault rifle. The direction of the wound canals and their topographic patterns (including the shape, size, number, and localization) of soot deposition around the inlet wounds made it possible to determine the position of the AK 12 rifle with respect to the affected regions of the head and thereby to prove that the death of the serviceman was a result of suicide.
Cultural safety strategies for rural Indigenous palliative care: a scoping review
Venue: BMC Palliative Care
Year: 2019

BackgroundThere is little scholarship on culturally safe approaches to palliative care, especially for rural Indigenous clients. Thus, it is important to articulate how cultural safety can be enacted to support rural Indigenous Peoples and communities at end of life. We sought to identify strategies described in existing literature that have potential to deepen our understanding of culturally safe approaches to palliative care within rural and small town settings in Canada.MethodsWe searched for peer reviewed and grey literature about Indigenous palliative care in rural and small town settings in Canada, United States, New Zealand, and Australia. Medline, CINAHL, and Embase were searched. We thematically analyzed 22 resulting articles to address our interest in culturally safe approaches to palliative care in rural/small town and on reserve contexts.ResultsThe following themes were extracted from the literature: symbolic or small gestures; anticipating barriers to care; defer to client, family and community; shared decision Making; active patient and family involvement; respectful, clear, and culturally appropriate communication; community ownership of services; empower cultural identity, knowledge, and traditions; and, policy.DiscussionCulturally competent practices can improve Indigenous palliative care services; however, they do not result in decolonized care. Strategies include: symbolic or small gestures; anticipating barriers to access; deferring to the client, family, and community members; and, collective decision making and family involvement. Culturally safe approaches contribute to institutional or organizational change and decolonized care. Strategies include: involvement of patient and family in service planning; reflection about individual and systemic racism; community ownership of services and; recognizing distinct Worldviews that shape care.ConclusionsCulturally safe strategies invite decolonization of care through awareness of colonialism, racism, and discrimination. They invite commitment to building partnerships, power sharing, and decision making in the delivery of care. Culturally competent activities may catalyze the adoption of a cultural safety framework; however, mislabeling of cultural competency as cultural safety may contribute to organizational inaction and a watering down of the spirit of cultural safety.
From Communist Regime to Liberal Democracy: The Evolution of the Legal System in Lithuania
Year: 2016

The article analyses the mechanism of the establishment and maintenance of liberal democracy in Lithuania. This is a political and legal process where politicians have to obey the requirements of constitutionalism consciously. The research considers the periodization of the evolution of the legal system in the Republic of Lithuania: from this approach three periods of the development of the relationship between constitutional law and politics are distinguished: (1) the period of priority of politics over constitutional law; (2) the period of the priority of constitutional law over politics and (3) the period of the maintenance of constitutional law as the methodological basis of political legal thinking in the political life of the state, the period of the maintenance of constitutional law as the methodological basis of political legal thinking in the political life of the state (since 2004) period coincides with the entry of the Republic of Lithuania to the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The legislation that does not meet the requirements of constitutionalism can be reported not only to the Constitutional Court, but also to the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice. This period reflects the tendency that the state's politicians seek to obey the values and norms of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania deliberately. It was concluded that the principle of legal continuity is observed regarding the institutional formation of the legal system of Lithuania.
Differentiation in the Digital Based Classroom: A Universal Design Approach for Inclusive Settings in Middle Schools
Year: 2017

Teachers across the world have become barraged with various techniques to meet the educational needs of multiple subgroups, e.g. autistic, behavior disorders, English Language Learners (ELL) gifted. They have the responsibility of creating environments in which learners become more knowledgeable and skilled from the time when they entered the classroom. For the current and future generations of learners and their teachers, the emergence of technology has created new prospects for accommodating the learning styles of diverse classrooms. The versatility of technology can be used to organize and design material that promotes successful acquisition and retention of expected middle school content within the inclusive settings. In this paper, the authors provide a greater understanding of how technology can be an effective change agent for learning in middle school inclusive settings. Suggestions are included for teachers' capacity building to integrate technology to accommodate diverse student learning needs and styles.
Production of galacto oligosaccharides from whey permeate using b galactosidase immobilized on functionalized glass beads.
Venue: Food chemistry
Year: 2018

The conversion of whey permeates to galacto oligosaccharides (GOS) was studied by the enzymatic action of b galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae in a continuous flow packed bed reactor. A novel method of enzyme immobilization involving covalent immobilization of b galactosidase on 3 aminopropyl triethoxysilane(3 APTES) modified glass beads was developed by the cross linking method. The pH and temperature dependence of the enzymatic efficiency of the glass bead immobilized enzyme was compared with that of the free enzyme. Increased pH and thermal stabilities were observed for the immobilized enzyme versus the free enzyme. The reusability of the enzyme immobilized packed bed reactor was studied and only about 4.6% of GOS yield was lost after eight reuses. Repeated cycle reactions were also carried out to improve the formation of GOS. The results showed that the GOS formation increased and a maximum GOS yield of 39.3% with 56.4% lactose conversion was obtained after the 2nd cycle of passing.
Integration of environmental, social and governance principles in pension funds and insurance companies activities
Year: 2020

Sustainable finance has been one of the modern topics in recent years. The main reason is the growing need for active steps and measures to preserve nature and avoid the risks of climate change and its consequences. A basic concept in sustainable finance is the adoption and followup of ESG principles. The latter refers to environmental "E" social "S" principles and good corporate governance "G" policies. Financial institutions are considered as the conductor of policies in the field of ESG principles. The European Union is following an action plan to implement these principles and policies in the financial sphere. This report examines the integration of ESG principles into the activities of insurance companies and capital pension funds. Potential problems are identified and possible solutions are presented.
The CoNLL 2007 Shared Task on Dependency Parsing
Venue: EMNLP
Year: 2007

The Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning features a shared task, in which participants train and test their learning systems on the same data sets. In 2007, as in 2006, the shared task has been devoted to dependency parsing, this year with both a multilingual track and a domain adaptation track. In thispaper, we definethe tasksof the different tracks and describe how the data sets were created from existing treebanks for ten languages. In addition, we characterize the different approaches of the participating systems, report the test results, and provide a first analysis of these results.
Introduction to Applied Geophysics: Exploring the Shallow Subsurface
Year: 2006

Offering a chapter on each of the most common methods of exploration, the text explains in detail how each method is performed and discusses that method's geologic, engineering, and environmental applications. In addition to ample examples, illustrations, and applications throughout, each chapter concludes with a problem set. The text is also accompanied by the Field Geophysics Software Suite, an innovative CD ROM that allows students to experiment with refraction and reflection seismology, gravity, magnetics, electrical resistivity, and ground penetrating radar methods of exploration.
Introduction to Modern Cryptography, Second Edition
Year: 2014

Cryptography is ubiquitous and plays a key role in ensuring data secrecy and integrity as well as in securing computer systems more broadly.  Modern Cryptography provides a rigorous yet accessible treatment of this fascinating subject. The authors introduce the core principles of modern cryptography, with an emphasis on formal definitions, clear assumptions, and rigorous proofs of security. The book begins by focusing on private key cryptography, including an extensive treatment of private key encryption, message authentication codes, and hash functions. The authors also present design principles for widely used stream ciphers and block ciphers including RC4, DES, and AES, plus provide provable constructions of stream ciphers and block ciphers from lower level primitives. The second half of the book covers public key cryptography, beginning with a self contained introduction to the number theory needed to understand the RSA, Diffie Hellman, and El Gamal cryptosystems (and others) followed by a thorough treatment of several standardized public key encryption and digital signature schemes. Integrating a more practical perspective without sacrificing rigor, this widely anticipated Second Edition offers improved treatment of: Stream ciphers and block ciphers, including modes of operation and design principles Authenticated encryption and secure communication sessions Hash functions, including hash function applications and design principles Attacks on poorly implemented cryptography, including attacks on chained CBC encryption, padding oracle attacks, and timing attacks The random oracle model and its application to several standardized, widely used public key encryption and signature schemes Elliptic curve cryptography and associated standards such as DSA/ECDSA and DHIES/ECIES Containing updated exercises and worked examples,  Modern Cryptography, Second Edition can serve as a textbook for undergraduate or graduate level courses in cryptography, a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners, or a general introduction suitable for self study.
NL1 expression level in Nrx1b and the excitability of PV interneurons in mice with POCD
Venue: Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Year: 2019

Effects of NL1 on the expression level of neurexin 1b (Nrx1b) and the excitability of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) were explored. Eighty 10 month old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, control+empty vector group (Control+EV) anesthesia surgery+empty vector group (POCD+EV group) and anesthesia+NL1 overexpression group (POCD+NL1 group) (n=20 per group) The behavioral differences of mice in the four groups were analyzed by means of open field test and fear conditioning test. The expression levels of NL1, PV and Nrx1b were detected by western blot analysis, and the binding between NL1 and Nrx1b was determined by co immunoprecipitation. The expression level of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in hippocampus and changes in the excitability of PV interneurons were further detected. Control and Control+EV groups had no significant difference in each index (P>0.05) Compared with Control+EV group, the percentage of cued freezing time in POCD+EV group decreased significantly, while percentage of cued freezing time was significantly increased in POCD+NL1 group and POCD+EV group (P<0.01) The differences in freezing time were not statistically significant among the 4 groups in the tone related fear test (P>0.05) Then NL1 was overexpressed in mice with POCD, the protein levels of PV, Nrx1b and PSD95 were subsequently increased, and the interaction between NL1 and Nrx1b protein was enhanced, dramatically increasing the excitability of PV interneurons. The overexpression of NL1 can upregulate the expression levels of PV, Nrx1b and PSD95 in mice with POCD, enhance the interaction between NL1 and Nrx1b and further increase the excitability of PV interneurons, thus restoring the hippocampus dependent memorial and cognitive impairment in POCD.