nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Novel Deep Learning Models for Real time Human Activity Recognition with Mobile Phones
Venue: 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Year: 2018

In this paper we present deep learning based techniques for human activity classification that are designed to run in real time on mobile devices. Our methods minimize the size of the model and computational overhead in order to run on the embedded processor and preserve battery life. Prior work shows that the inertial measurement unit (IMU) data from waist mounted mobile phones can be used to develop accurate classification models for various human activities such as walking, running, stair climbing, etc. However, these models have largely been based on hand crafted features derived from temporal and spectral statistics. More recently, deep learning has been applied to IMU sensor data, but have not been optimized for resourceconstrained devices. We present a detailed study of the traditional hand crafted features used for shallow/statistical models that consist of a over 561 manually chosen set of dimensions. We show, through principal component analysis (PCA) and application of a published support vector machine (SVM) pipeline, that the number of features can be significantly reduced less than 100 features that give the same performance. In addition, we show that features derived from frequency domain transformations do not contribute to the accuracy of these models. Finally, we provide details of our learning technique which creates 2D signal images from windowed samples of IMU data. Our pipeline includes a convolutional neural network (CNN) with several layers (1 convolutional layer and 1 averaging layer and a fully connected layer) We show that by removing the steps in the pipeline and layers in the CNN, we can still achieve 0.98 F1 score but with a much smaller memory footprint and corresponding computational cost. To increase the classification accuracy of our pipeline we added a hybrid bi class support vector machine (SVM) that was trained using the labeled and flattened convolutional layer after each training image was processed. The learned feature set is almost half the size of the original hand crafted feature set and combining the CNN with the SVM results in 0.99 F1 score. We also investigate a novel application of transfer learning by using the time series 2D signal images to re train two different publicly available networks, Inception/ImageNet and MobileNet. We find that re trained ImageNet networks could be created 5.5$ MB (suitable for mobile phones) and classification accuracy ranging from 0.83 to 0.93 (F1 score) thus indicating that retraining can be a useful future direction to build new classifiers for continuously evolving activities quickly while also being applicable to mobile device classification. Finally, we show that these deep learning models may be generalizable enough such that classifiers built from a given set of users for a specified set of activities can be used for a new user/subject as well.
Growth of Breast Cancer Cells Inhibited by Bromelains Extracted from the Different Tissues of Pineapple
Year: 2020

Breast cancer is a common disease diagnosed in women. The therapies for breast cancer often have side effects and the most effective drugs are highly toxic. Finding safe alternative medicines is an important goal in the search for a cure for breast cancer. Bromelains are a mixture of cysteine proteases extracted from pineapple. Pineapple is considered to be a safe food. In this paper, the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA MB 231 were co cultured with bromelains extracted from different tissues of the pinapple. Results showed that the growth of MCF7 and MDA MB 231 cells can be inhibited by bromelains. The bromelains for this study were extracted from the fruit pulp, peel, fruit stalk, young stem, and mature stem. Bromelains extracted from the fruit stalk were found to be the most effective for inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells. MCF7 was more sensitive to bromelains than MDA MB 231. After the breast cancer cells were co cultured with the bromelain, the transcripts of p53 and Bax increased significantly. The transcriptional expressions of Cox 2 and Bcl 2 were down regulated. More proteins of p53 and Bax were produced. The translational expressions of Cox 2 and Bcl 2 were both down regulated. Bromelains inhibited the growth of BC cells through the up regulating of p53, Bax, and by decreasing the expressions of Cox 2 and Bcl 2. The activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) might be blocked. Final effects might be performed by regulating the functions of the protein kinase.
Health Information Seeking as a Coping Strategy to Reduce Alzheimer's Caregivers' Stress.
Venue: Health communication
Year: 2020

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia (referred to as AD) deteriorate over time, and there will likely be a corresponding increase in levels of burden and stress for caregivers. Despite the significant contributions made by informal caregivers, there are no widely available mechanisms that meet the information needs of informal caregivers. Using a qualitative approach, the current study focuses on AD caregiver information seeking. The study involved conducting interviews to answer the following research questions: (1) What motivating factors lead informal caregivers of people with AD to seek out information? (2) Is there a relationship between information seeking and resulting perceived stress levels? and (3) Why do informal caregivers choose to utilize certain resources more than others during their information seeking process? Findings revealed that caregivers' largest motivation for seeking information is to learn how to better care for their loved one. Caregivers tend to rely on mediated resources that they find credible, and interpersonal resources such as people with similar experiences to their own. Many participants were satisfied with information available, but others felt that their interactions with healthcare professionals created more stress and emotional anguish than anticipated. This study offers an initial step in finding ways to meet the needs of those who seek to mitigate their stress through information seeking. By studying the information needs of the caregiving population, healthcare workers and communicators will be more knowledgeable about the relationship between information seeking and stress and coping.
Modification of in situ Biofilm Formation on Titanium by a Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Based Solution
Venue: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Year: 2020

Oral biofilms play an essential role on peri implant disease development. Synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) are a bioinspired material that has structural and functional similarities to dental enamel apatite and may provide preventive properties against biofilm formation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an experimental nHAP solution on biofilm formation on polished and non polished titanium under oral conditions. Five volunteers carried maxillary splints with non polished and polished titanium and followed a 48 h rinsing protocol with the proposed nHAP solution, and with chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX) and water, as controls. Samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (FM) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) FM showed a significant reduction of biofilms on polished samples treated with nHAP (p 0.0485) compared with water, without differences between nHAP and CHX (p 0.9999) Analyzing biofilm viability, polished samples rinsed with nHAP showed significantly fewer dead bacteria than CHX (p 0.0079) but there was no significant difference in viability between polished samples rinsed with water and nHAP (p 0.9268) A significantly higher biofilm coverage was observed on the non polished surfaces compared to the polished surfaces when nHAP was applied (p 0.0317) This difference between polished and non polished surfaces was not significant when water (p 0.1587) or CHX (p 0.3413) rinsing were applied. SEM and TEM analysis supported the FM findings, that polished samples rinsed with nHAP presented fewer biofilm coverage compared to samples rinsed with water. In conclusion, the nHAP solution reduced the biofilm formation on polished Ti surfaces without altering bacterial viability, providing a novel approach for the management of biofilm formation on biomaterials.
Analysis of Korean millennials' travel expenditure patterns: an almost ideal demand system approach
Venue: Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
Year: 2019

Generational cohorts can differ in their consumption patterns and preferred travel behavior. As the millennial generation represents an important economic force and influences new consumption trends, this study utilizes nationwide data and almost ideal demand system (AIDS) approach to examine expenditure patterns of Korean travelers during holidays. In this process, the joint effects of travel related characteristics are also examined. The results of the AIDS estimation on data from 871 domestic travelers reveal significantly different travel expenditure patterns for cohorts. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of how different generational cohorts allocate their travel budgets to respective travel expenditure categories.
Evaluation of immune responses in dogs to oral rabies vaccine under field conditions.
Venue: Vaccine
Year: 2017

During the 20th century parenteral vaccination of dogs at central point locations was the foundation of successful canine rabies elimination programs in numerous countries. However, countries that remain enzootic for canine rabies have lower infrastructural development compared to countries that have achieved elimination, which may make traditional vaccination methods less successful. Alternative vaccination methods for dogs must be considered, such as oral rabies vaccine (ORV) In 2016, a traditional mass dog vaccination campaign in Haiti was supplemented with ORV to improve vaccination coverage and to evaluate the use of ORV in dogs. Blisters containing live attenuated, vaccine strain SPBNGAS GAS were placed in intestine bait and distributed to dogs by hand. Serum was collected from 107 dogs, aged 3 12 months with no reported prior rabies vaccination, pre vaccination and from 78/107 dogs (72.9% 17 days post vaccination. The rapid florescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to detect neutralizing antibodies and an ELISA to detect rabies binding antibodies. Post vaccination, 38/41 (92.7% dogs that received parenteral vaccine had detectable antibody (RFFIT >0.05 IU/mL) compared to 16/27 (59.3% p 0.01) dogs that received ORV or 21/27 (77.8% as measured by ELISA >40% blocking, p 0.05) The fate of 291 oral vaccines was recorded; 283 dogs (97.2% consumed the bait; 272 dogs (93.4% were observed to puncture the blister, and only 14 blisters (4.8% could not be retrieved by vaccinators and were potentially left in the environment. Pre vaccination antibodies (RFFIT >0.05 IU/mL) were detected in 10/107 reportedly vaccine naive dogs (9.3% Parenteral vaccination remains the most reliable method for ensuring adequate immune response in dogs, however ORV represents a viable strategy to supplement existing parental vaccination campaigns in hard to reach dog populations. The hand out model reduces the risk of unintended contact with ORV through minimizing vaccine blisters left in the community.
Revealing the Nature of Interaction between Graphene Oxide and Lipid Membrane by Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society
Year: 2015

Revealing the nature of interaction between graphene oxide (GO) and lipid membrane is a crucial issue but still remains challenging. Here, we describe our recent effort toward this direction by studying the GO induced vibrational changes of interfacial water and lipid membrane with surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy. The experimental results provide evidence that overcoming the electrostatic repulsion of phosphate group, its hydrogen bonding attraction as well as the electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction of choline group are the driving forces for the effective adsorption of GO on lipid membrane. This work will open exciting new avenues to explore the use of SEIRA spectroscopy technique in probing nanobio interface.
Fractional calculus and fractional differential equations in nonreflexive Banach spaces
Venue: Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul.
Year: 2015

In this paper we establish an existence result for the fractional differential equation D p a y t f t y t y 0 y 0 where D p a y is a fractional pseudo derivative of a weakly absolutely continuous and pseudo differentiable function y( T E, the function f (t, T x E E is weakly weakly sequentially continuous for every t T and f y( is Pettis integrable for every weakly absolutely continuous function y( T E, T is a bounded interval of real numbers and E is a nonreflexive Banach space.
Geochronology and petrogenesis of Carboniferous and Triassic volcanic rocks in NW Laos: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Loei Fold Belt
Year: 2021

The Loei Fold Belt is one of the most significant tectonic and metallogenic belts in the Indochina Block. However, origin and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks in several volcanic belts of this fold belt remain ambiguous. In this paper, we present new petrochemical data, zircon U Pb ages and Lu Hf isotopic data for volcanic rocks from the Loei Fold Belt in northwestern Laos. The basaltic and andesitic tuffaceous rocks have Late Carboniferous zircon U Pb ages (304 2.1 Ma and 299 1.8 Ma respectively) and display both MORB like and arc like geochemical signatures. Zircon Lu Hf isotopic analyses give highly positive eHf(t) values of 8.99 14.24, indicative of a metasomatic mantle source which formed in a back arc basin environment. On the other hand, the andesite and rhyolite samples have zircon U Pb ages ranging from 236 Ma to 224 Ma, erupted during the Late Triassic, and formed in a continental margin arc setting (e.g. enrichment of LREE, depletion in Nb Ta, Sr, and positive eHf(t) values of 9.87 12.25) With a synthesis of available geochronological, petrochemical and isotopic data, magmatic events in the Loei Fold Belt occurred in four periods: Ordovician Silurian (450 400 Ma) Late Devonian Middle Permian (ca. 361 265 Ma) Early Middle Triassic (250 237 Ma) and Late Triassic (ca. 236 200 Ma) with peaks in Triassic and Carboniferous. Accordingly, we propose a tectonic magmatic evolution model for the Loei Fold Belt. The Luang Prabang Loei belt was a spreading back arc basin during the Late Devonian Middle Permian, and connected with the Nan back arc basin. The basin expanded to its largest extent in the Permian period and started subduction in the earliest Triassic; the successive subduction did not terminate until the Late Triassic.
Approach to Cleaner Production Technology System in Cotton
Year: 2011

The intensive cotton production has generated great deal residue of plastic film,pesticides and fertilizer.These residues have a serious impact on environment and the healthy development of cotton industry.This study analyzed the status and harm of non point source pollution during the cotton production.It suggested that non point source pollution must be controlled in cotton production preparation,production,and post production.A new cleaner production(CP) ideas and technology system were proposed for the healthy development of the cotton industry.
Exploiting graphlet decomposition to explain the structure of complex networks: the GHuST framework
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2020

The characterization of topology is crucial in understanding network evolution and behavior. This paper presents an innovative approach, the GHuST framework to describe complex network topology from graphlet decomposition. This new framework exploits the local information provided by graphlets to give a global explanation of network topology. The GHuST framework is comprised of 12 metrics that analyze how 2 and 3 node graphlets shape the structure of networks. The main strengths of the GHuST framework are enhanced topological description, size independence, and computational simplicity. It allows for straight comparison among different networks disregarding their size. It also reduces the complexity of graphlet counting, since it does not use 4 and 5 node graphlets. The application of the novel framework to a large set of networks shows that it can classify networks of distinct nature based on their topological properties. To ease network classification and enhance the graphical representation of them, we reduce the 12 dimensions to their main principal components. Furthermore, the 12 dimensions are easily interpretable. This enables the connection between complex network analyses and diverse real applications.
Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law
Year: 2013

The Economics of Labor and Employment Law Cynthia Estlund and Michael Wachter 2. Neoclassical Labor Economics: Its Implications for Labor and Employment Law Michael Wachter 3. Economic Analysis of Labor Markets and Labor  An Institutional/ Industrial Relations Perspective Bruce Kaufman PART II: UNIONS AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 4. Unions, Dynamism, and Economic Performance Barry Hirsch 5. Union Organizing and the Architecture of Employee Choice Benjamin Sachs 6. The Deserved Demise of EFCA (and Why the NLRA Should Share its Fate) Richard Epstein 7. Costs of Noncompliance and the NLRA: An Analysis and Comparison with Other Public Policy Remedies Morris Kleiner and David Weil 8. Unions as Brokers of Employment Rights Stewart Schwab PART III: EMPLOYEE RIGHTS AND EMPLOYER MANDATES 9. Bias and the Law of the Workplace Christine Jolls 10. From Just Cause to Just Notice in Reforming Employment Termination Law Rachel Arnow Richman 11. The Law and Economics of Employment Protection Legislation Simon Deakin 12. Intellectual Property Justifications for Restricting Employee Mobility: A Critical Appraisal in Light of the Economic Evidence Alan Hyde 13. Antidiscrimination  The Simple, the Complex, and the Paradoxical Samuel Issacharoff and Erin Scharff 14. The Forum for Adjudication of Employment Disputes Samuel Estreicher and Zev Eigen PART IV: CONCLUDING PERSPECTIVES 15. The Striking Success of the National Labor Relations Act Michael Wachter 16. Why Workers Still Need a Voice in the Era of Norms and Mandates Cynthia
RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E)
Venue: Nature
Year: 2011

Activated RAS promotes dimerization of members of the RAF kinase family. ATP competitive RAF inhibitors activate ERK signalling by transactivating RAF dimers. In melanomas with mutant BRAF(V600E) levels of RAS activation are low and these drugs bind to BRAF(V600E) monomers and inhibit their activity. This tumour specific inhibition of ERK signalling results in a broad therapeutic index and RAF inhibitors have remarkable clinical activity in patients with melanomas that harbour mutant BRAF(V600E) However, resistance invariably develops. Here, we identify a new resistance mechanism. We find that a subset of cells resistant to vemurafenib (PLX4032, RG7204) express a 61 kDa variant form of BRAF(V600E) p61BRAF(V600E) which lacks exons 4 8, a region that encompasses the RAS binding domain. p61BRAF(V600E) shows enhanced dimerization in cells with low levels of RAS activation, as compared to full length BRAF(V600E) In cells in which p61BRAF(V600E) is expressed endogenously or ectopically, ERK signalling is resistant to the RAF inhibitor. Moreover, a mutation that abolishes the dimerization of p61BRAF(V600E) restores its sensitivity to vemurafenib. Finally, we identified BRAF(V600E) splicing variants lacking the RAS binding domain in the tumours of six of nineteen patients with acquired resistance to vemurafenib. These data support the model that inhibition of ERK signalling by RAF inhibitors is dependent on levels of RAS GTP too low to support RAF dimerization and identify a novel mechanism of acquired resistance in patients: expression of splicing isoforms of BRAF(V600E) that dimerize in a RAS independent manner.
Improving Deep Neural Network Based Speech Enhancement in Low SNR Environments
Venue: LVA/ICA
Year: 2015

We propose a joint framework combining speech enhancement SE and voice activity detection VAD to increase the speech intelligibility in low signal noise ratio SNR environments. Deep Neural Networks DNN have recently been successfully adopted as a regression model in SE. Nonetheless, the performance in harsh environments is not always satisfactory because the noise energy is often dominating in certain speech segments causing speech distortion. Based on the analysis of SNR information at the frame level in the training set, our approach consists of two steps, namely: 1 a DNN based VAD model is trained to generate frame level speech/non speech probabilities; and 2 the final enhanced speech features are obtained by a weighted sum of the estimated clean speech features processed by incorporating VAD information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SE approach effectively improves short time objective intelligibility STOI by 0.161 and perceptual evaluation of speech quality PESQ by 0.333 over the already good SE baseline systems at 5dB SNR of babble noise.
To Follow or not to Follow: Selective Imitation Learning from Observations
Venue: CoRL
Year: 2019

Learning from demonstrations is a useful way to transfer a skill from one agent to another. While most imitation learning methods aim to mimic an expert skill by following the demonstration step by step, imitating every step in the demonstration often becomes infeasible when the learner and its environment are different from the demonstration. In this paper, we propose a method that can imitate a demonstration composed solely of observations, which may not be reproducible with the current agent. Our method, dubbed selective imitation learning from observations (SILO) selects reachable states in the demonstration and learns how to reach the selected states. Our experiments on both simulated and real robot environments show that our method reliably performs a new task by following a demonstration. Videos and code are available at this https URL
Social Cohesion, Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, and Adolescent Subjective Well being in Urban and Rural Taiwan.
Venue: American journal of community psychology
Year: 2019

This study investigates the association between neighborhood social cohesion, collective efficacy, and adolescent subjective well being in a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese youth. The study represents a first to adapt and test a developmental ecological model within a Chinese cultural context. Data came from the Taiwan Youth Project, which assessed representative samples of seventh graders (n 2,690) and ninth graders (n 2,851) from both urban and rural counties. The analytic sample included 4,988 adolescents (M age 14.4, SD 1.14; 50% female) in Taiwan. A path analysis estimated the direct and indirect effects of social cohesion on adolescent well being. The results suggest that neighbors can affect young people's well being by reinforcing their perception of safety and enhancing their self esteem. Comparisons between youth from urban and rural areas demonstrate a general similarity in the developmental processes, though the perception of safety is less of a concern in rural areas. Findings emphasize universal aspects of neighborhood collective efficacy and developmental ecological models, as well as allude to culturally specific dimensions in a Chinese based context.