nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
First two months of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) epidemic in China: real time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model
Venue: Global Health Research and Policy
Year: 2020

Similar to outbreaks of many other infectious diseases, success in controlling the novel 2019 coronavirus infection requires a timely and accurate monitoring of the epidemic, particularly during its early period with rather limited data while the need for information increases explosively.  In this study, we used a second derivative model to characterize the coronavirus epidemic in China with cumulatively diagnosed cases during the first 2 months. The analysis was further enhanced by an exponential model with a close population assumption. This model was built with the data and used to assess the detection rate during the study period, considering the differences between the true infections, detectable and detected cases.  Results from the second derivative modeling suggest the coronavirus epidemic as nonlinear and chaotic in nature. Although it emerged gradually, the epidemic was highly responsive to massive interventions initiated on January 21, 2020, as indicated by results from both second derivative and exponential modeling analyses. The epidemic started to decelerate immediately after the massive actions. The results derived from our analysis signaled the decline of the epidemic 14 days before it eventually occurred on February 4, 2020. Study findings further signaled an accelerated decline in the epidemic starting in 14 days on February 18, 2020.  The coronavirus epidemic appeared to be nonlinear and chaotic, and was responsive to effective interventions. The methods used in this study can be applied in surveillance to inform and encourage the general public, public health professionals, clinicians and decision makers to take coordinative and collaborative efforts to control the epidemic.
Replication Competent Noninduced Proviruses in the Latent Reservoir Increase Barrier to HIV 1 Cure
Venue: Cell
Year: 2013

Antiretroviral therapy fails to cure HIV 1 infection because latent proviruses persist in resting CD4( T cells. T cell activation reverses latency, but <1% of proviruses are induced to release infectious virus after maximum in vitro activation. The noninduced proviruses are generally considered defective but have not been characterized. Analysis of 213 noninduced proviral clones from treated patients showed 88.3% with identifiable defects but 11.7% with intact genomes and normal long terminal repeat (LTR) function. Using direct sequencing and genome synthesis, we reconstructed full length intact noninduced proviral clones and demonstrated growth kinetics comparable to reconstructed induced proviruses from the same patients. Noninduced proviruses have unmethylated promoters and are integrated into active transcription units. Thus, it cannot be excluded that they may become activated in vivo. The identification of replication competent noninduced proviruses indicates that the size of the latent reservoir and, hence, the barrier to cure may be up to 60 fold greater than previously estimated.
The wicked problem of climate change and interdisciplinary research: Tracking management scholarship's contribution
Venue: Journal of Management Organization
Year: 2020

Taking urgent action to combat climate change is a pivotal Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Since it is closely intertwined with the other 16 goals, it is frequently characterized as a 'wicked problem par excellence. Interdisciplinary research, i.e. research crossing disciplinary boundaries, offers promise for grappling with wicked problems, but also entails significant challenges to researchers. In this study, we use bibliometric methods to understand how management scholars have, over the course of four decades, straddled disciplinary boundaries and what impact their efforts have had on top tier climate change research appearing in Science and Nature. We find that management scholarship on climate change (1) has grown significantly since the mid 2000s, (2) features substantial engagement with an interdisciplinary knowledge base, and (3) fails to attract the attention of climate change research within top tier interdisciplinary journals. We discuss these findings with reference to the ongoing discourse on raising management scholarship's relevance and impact.
An empirical study on ARM disassembly tools
Venue: ISSTA
Year: 2020

With the increasing popularity of embedded devices, ARM is becoming the dominant architecture for them. In the meanwhile, there is a pressing need to perform security assessments for these devices. Due to different types of peripherals, it is challenging to dynamically run the firmware of these devices in an emulated environment. Therefore, the static analysis is still commonly used. Existing work usually leverages off the shelf tools to disassemble stripped ARM binaries and (implicitly) assume that reliable disassembling binaries and function recognition are solved problems. However, whether this assumption really holds is unknown. In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive study on ARM disassembly tools. Specifically, we build 1,896 ARM binaries (including 248 obfuscated ones) with different compilers, compiling options, and obfuscation methods. We then evaluate them using eight state of the art ARM disassembly tools (including both commercial and noncommercial ones) on their capabilities to locate instructions and function boundaries. These two are fundamental ones, which are leveraged to build other primitives. Our work reveals some observations that have not been systematically summarized and/or confirmed. For instance, we find that the existence of both ARM and Thumb instruction sets, and the reuse of the BL instruction for both function calls and branches bring serious challenges to disassembly tools. Our evaluation sheds light on the limitations of state of the art disassembly tools and points out potential directions for improvement. To engage the community, we release the data set, and the related scripts at https:/github.com/valour01/arm_disasssembler_study.
Path switching: reduced state flow handling in SDN using path information
Venue: CoNEXT
Year: 2015

The advent of virtualization, containerization and the Internet of Things (IoT) is leading to an explosive growth in the number of endpoints. Ideally with Software Defined Networking (SDN) one would like to customize packet handling for each of these endpoints or applications. However this typically leads to a large growth in forwarding state. This growth is avoided in current networks by using aggregation which trades off fine grained control of micro flows for reduced forwarding state. It is worthwhile to ask whether the benefits of micro flow control can be retained without a large growth in forwarding state and without using aggregation. In this paper we describe an incrementally deployable SDN friendly packet forwarding mechanism called Path Switching that achieves this by compactly encoding a packet's path through the network in the packet's existing address fields. Path Switching provides the same reduction in forwarding state as source routing while retaining the benefits and use of fixed size packet headers and existing protocols. We have extended Open vSwitch (OVS) to transparently support Path Switching as well as an inline service component for folding middlebox services into OVS. The extensions include advanced failover mechanisms like fast reroute. These extensions require no protocol changes as Path Switching leaves header formats unchanged.
Analyzing the Influence of Sales Promotion on Customer Purchasing Behavior
Year: 2015

The promotion mix is a term used to describe the set of tools that a business can use to communicate effectively the benefits of its products or services to its customers. The purpose of promotion is to reach the targeted consumers and persuade them to buy. Promotion has been defined as the coordination of all seller initiated efforts to set up channels of information and persuasion to sell goods and services or promote an idea. Sales promotion is vital element of promotional mix. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sales promotion on buyer decision making process. In other words, the general objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness of some elements on the buying behaviors of customers. Marketing activities related to the promotion of sales increased consumer purchases and indirectly to get more profit for the company. So, the purpose of sales promotion is to reach the targeted consumers and pervade them to buy .Sales promotion has become a vital tool for marketing and its importance has been increasing significantly over the years. One of the purposes of a sales promotion is to elicit a direct impact on the purchase behavior of the firm's consumers. Firms have to rethink the relationship between attitude and behavior of their consumers. In this study, we will discuss the impact of sales promotion on consumer purchasing behavior.
Measuring and Visualizing Code Stability A Case Study at Three Companies
Venue: 2013 Joint Conference of the 23rd International Workshop on Software Measurement and the 8th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement
Year: 2013

Monitoring performance of software development organizations can be achieved from a number of perspectives e.g. using such tools as Balanced Scorecards or corporate dashboards. In this paper we present results from a study on using code stability indicators as a tool for product stability and organizational performance, conducted at three different software development companies Ericsson AB, Saab AB Electronic Defense Systems (Saab) and Volvo Group Trucks Technology (Volvo Group) The results show that visualizing the source code changes using heat maps and linking these visualizations to defect inflow profiles provide indicators of how stable the product under development is and whether quality assurance efforts should be directed to specific parts of the product. Observing the indicator and making decisions based on its visualization leads to shorter feedback loops between development and test, thus resulting in lower development costs, shorter lead time and increased quality. The industrial case study in the paper shows that the indicator and its visualization can show whether the modifications of software products are focused on parts of the code base or are spread widely throughout the product.
Mechanical characterisation of sustainable fibre reinforced lightweight concrete incorporating waste coconut shell as coarse aggregate and sisal fibre
Venue: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Year: 2020

The construction industry is largely dependent on concrete as a construction material. The aggregate occupies a major volume of concrete. However, the continuous extraction of granite rock for coarse aggregate leads to the increase in demand of natural resources of future generations. In this study, coconut shell, an agricultural waste, is used to replace conventional aggregate in concrete for producing coconut shell lightweight concrete. To enhance the weak mechanical characteristics of lightweight concrete, various contents of sisal fibre at 1% 2% 3% and 4% have been added on the basis of the binder's weight. Mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and impact resistance, were examined. Results showed that the compressive strength increased by up to 6% when 3% fibre was added. An improvement in split tensile strength of 14% flexural strength of 11% and modulus of elasticity of 6% was observed when a maximum of 3% fibre was added. Impact resistance was also excellent after the addition of sisal fibre. Thus, coconut shell concrete with sisal fibre is considered as a suitable and eco friendly construction material alternative for the construction industry.
ViViT: A Video Vision Transformer
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

We present pure transformer based models for video classification, drawing upon the recent success of such models in image classification. Our model extracts spatiotemporal tokens from the input video, which are then encoded by a series of transformer layers. In order to handle the long sequences of tokens encountered in video, we propose several, efficient variants of our model which factorise the spatialand temporal dimensions of the input. Although transformer based models are known to only be effective when large training datasets are available, we show how we can effectively regularise the model during training and leverage pretrained image models to be able to train on comparatively small datasets. We conduct thorough ablation studies, and achieve state of the art results on multiple video classification benchmarks including Kinetics 400 and 600, Epic Kitchens, Something Something v2 and Moments in Time, outperforming prior methods based on deep 3D convolutional networks. To facilitate further research, we will release code and models.
MutualNet: Adaptive ConvNet via Mutual Learning from Network Width and Resolution
Venue: ECCV
Year: 2020

We propose the width resolution mutual learning method (MutualNet) to train a network that is executable at dynamic resource constraints to achieve adaptive accuracy efficiency trade offs at runtime. Our method trains a cohort of sub networks with different widths using different input resolutions to mutually learn multi scale representations for each sub network. It achieves consistently better ImageNet top 1 accuracy over the state of the art adaptive network US Net under different computation constraints, and outperforms the best compound scaled MobileNet in EfficientNet by 1.5% The superiority of our method is also validated on COCO object detection and instance segmentation as well as transfer learning. Surprisingly, the training strategy of MutualNet can also boost the performance of a single network, which substantially outperforms the powerful AutoAugmentation in both efficiency (GPU search hours: 15000 vs. 0) and accuracy (ImageNet: 77.6% vs. 78.6% Code is available at \url{this https URL}
DL 3 n butylphthalide improves cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with large cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis: a single center, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study
Venue: BMC Neurology
Year: 2020

DL 3 n butylphthalide (NBP) was demonstrated to increase the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the animal models, but there are no clinic studies to verify this. We aimed to explore the effect of NBP on improving cerebral hypoperfusion caused by cerebral large vessel stenosis.  In this single center, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study, 120 patients with severe carotid atherosclerotic stenosis and cerebral hypoperfusion in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) were included and randomly assigned into NBP or placebo group as 1:1 radio. Patients in NBP or placebo group received 200 mg or 20 mg of NBP capsules three times daily for four weeks respectively. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to assess regional CBF (rCBF) in four regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to MCA before and 12 weeks after the treatment. After therapy, the rCBF change for every ROI and the whole CBF change in MCA territory for every patient were classified into amelioration, stabilization and deterioration respectively.  NBP patients (6 with bilateral stenosis) and 46 placebo patients (8 with bilateral stenosis) completed the trial. Overall, both groups had 54 stenotic carotid arteries and 216 ROIs for rCBF change analysis. After therapy, the rCBF in ROIs increased in NBP group (83.5% 11.4% vs. 85.8% 12.5% p 0.000) whereas no change was found in placebo group (86.9% 11.6% vs. 87.8% 11.7% p 0.331) Besides, there was higher percentages of ROIs with rCBF amelioration and stabilization in NBP group than in placebo group (93.1% vs. 79.2% p 0.000) Furthermore, ordinal regression analysis showed that compared with placebo, NBP independently made more patients to have whole CBF amelioration in ipsilateral MCA (Wald kh2 5.247, OR 3.31, p 0.022) Conclusions NBP might improve the cerebral hypoperfusion in the patients with carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis.
Corpses, popular culture and forensic science: public obsession with death
Year: 2016

The cadaver has been heralded as 'pop culture's new star' Foltyn's claim will be expanded in that it does not adequately consider the underlying components of the rise of the corpse in popular culture. It will be argued that forensic science portrayals in popular culture play a critical role in fuelling public obsession with death and cadavers. A particular focus will be taken upon the sociological concept of the gaze and using it to explore how watching the dead is influenced through popular culture forensic work portrayals. The gaze is used to highlight how forensic science in popular culture provides a softening lens through which death and corpses are viewed and how this leads to the normalisation of consuming the dead by the public. Finally, this article will propose the notion of morbid space which is argued to be part of the process in which public fascination with death, dying and corpses is experienced and normalised.
Speech Driven Talking Head Generation via Attentional Landmarks Based Representation
Venue: INTERSPEECH
Year: 2020

Previous talking head generation methods mostly focus on frontal face synthesis while neglecting natural person head motion. In this paper, a generative adversarial network (GAN) based method is proposed to generate talking head video with not only high quality facial appearance, accurate lip movement, but also natural head motion. To this aim, the facial landmarks are detected and used to represent lip motion and head pose, and the conversions from speech to these middle level representations are learned separately through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with wingloss. The Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is adopted to regularize the sequential transition. The representations for different factors of talking head are jointly feeded to a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based model with an attentional mechanism to synthesize the talking video.Extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset as well as our own collected dataset validate that the propose method can yield talking videos with natural head motions, and the performance is superior to state of the art talking face generation methods.
Kompleks Olimpijski w Berlinie w 1933 roku geneza koncepcje i cele. Idea olimpijska w III Rzeszy w procesie stabilizacji rezymu narodowosocjalistycznego cz. 2
Year: 2017

The construction of the Olympic Complex in Berlin is associated with XI. Summer Olympics, organized in Nazi Berlin on 1 16 August 1936. The second part of the article describes the decision making process concerning the construction of the Olympic Complex. The activities of the persons responsible for this process and the influence of Adolf Hitler and Werner March on the final version of the project were presented. In addition, a timetable for the preparatory work, financial and legal issues involved, as well as difficult negotiations with owners, sports clubs and organizations managing the sites in the Gruenewald district, where the stadium was built, were presented. All these processes took place in a specific environment of Nazi propaganda, whose selected examples are also described in the text.
The function of the Notary PPAT In filing process Acquisition of Land Rights To Interests Investment in Regional Autonomy Era Based on Act No. 25 of 2007 concerning Foreign Investment
Year: 2020

The purpose of this study are to: 1) To be able to know and analyze about the function of Notary PPAT in Appeals Process Acquisition of Land Rights Under the Foreign Investment Regulations. 2. To be able to know and analyze the Protection of Investor Interests Investing in the Era of Regional Autonomy Under the Foreign Investment Law. The method shows the procedure and process of a study undertaken to achieve an objective results. Method of normative juridical approach specifications in this research is descriptive analysis, the data collection method, literature (study document) with critical analysis and finding the problems and legal issues that will be examined and gather all the information related to the problems studied. The results of this study concluded Function Notary PPAT in the filing process of acquiring land rights based on foreign investment regulations number 25 in 2007. The function of Notaries easier for the public to take legal actions both Indonesian citizens or citizens of foreign countries who participate in investing in Indonesia The Indonesian government also needs to prepare for national law and the law of international relations to establish it. Government to maintain legal certainty for foreign investors without discrimination by being able to compete with domestic investors. Protection of the interests of investors in investing in regional autonomy based on legislation.  Function of Notaries; Investments; Autonomy;
Evaluation of the Early Access STR Kit v1 on the Ion Torrent PGM(tm) platform.
Venue: Forensic science international. Genetics
Year: 2016

The Early Access STR Kit v1 is designed to detect 25 plex loci with next generation sequencing (NGS) technology on the Ion Torrent PGM(tm) platform, including 16 of 20 expanded Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core loci (CSF1PO, D1S1656, D2S1338, D2S441, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D10S1248, D13S317, D16S539, D19S433, D21S11, TH01, TPOX and vWA) 8 non CODIS core loci (D1S1677, D2S1776, D4S2408, D5S2500.AC008791, D6S1043, D6S474, D9S2157 and D14S1434) and Amelogenin. In this study, we compared the Early Access STR Kit v1 with the Ion Torrent(tm) HID STR 10 plex to find out its improvements and explored an appropriate analytical threshold to enhance the performance. In addition, seven experiments were conducted to evaluate the Early Access STR Kit v1 such as studies of repeatability, concordance, sensitivity, mixtures, degraded samples, case type samples and pedigrees. Other than a little discordance (0.95% with CE STR results observed at D21S11, NGS STR results correctly reflected the sample being tested. Repeatable results were obtained from both initial PCRs and emPCRs aside from a few variations of allele coverage. Full profiles could be obtained from 100pg input DNA and >48.84% profiles from 10pg input DNA. Mixtures were easily detected at 9:1 and 1:9 ratios. This system could be adapted to case type samples and degraded samples. As a whole, the Early Access STR Kit v1 is a robust, reliable and reproducible assay for NGS STR typing and a potential tool for human identification.