nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemistry Routes for Copolymer Synthesis Containing PEG for Targeting, Imaging, and Drug Delivery Purposes
Venue: Pharmaceutics
Year: 2019

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most frequently used polymers for coating nanocarriers to enhance their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, stability, and biodegradability. PEG is now considered to be among the best biocompatible polymers. It offers sterical hindrance against other nanoparticles and blood components such as opsonin, preventing their macrophage phagocytosis and resulting in a prolonged circulation time in blood stream, consequently a 'stealth character' in vivo. Therefore, PEG has a very promising future for the development of current therapeutics and biomedical applications. Moreover, the vast number of molecules that PEG can conjugate with might enhance its ability to have an optimistic perspective for the future. This review will present an update on the chemistry used in the modern conjugation methods for a variety of PEG conjugates, such methods include, but are not limited to, the synthesis of targeting PEG conjugates (i.e. Peptides, Folate, Biotin, Mannose etc. imaging PEG conjugates (i.e. Coumarin, Near Infrared dyes etc. and delivery PEG conjugates (i.e. doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and other hydrophobic low molecular weight drugs) Furthermore, the type of nanoparticles carrying those conjugates, along with their biomedical uses, will be briefly discussed.
Electric Theory of Tornado. Protection from Tornado
Year: 2013

The author develops a new theory of tornado stability. He show that it is the high electric voltage between clouds and ground surface which produces the intensive electron/ion flow which creates the air stream which sucks off (pumping) air from the inside tornado channel and makes the tornado stable. If we want to destroy tornado stability we must decrease the electric intensity into the tornado channel. The simplest method is using conductive wire to connect the top funnel of tornado with ground. For this method, the top end of wire must have a large conductive area (air balloon or wing dirigible with conductive layer) the lower end of wire must have good contact with wet ground. The row from these conductive wires having step 150 200 m and altitude 200 300 m can protect villages, towns and important installations such as the nuclear electric station and military bases from tornados.
Estimation and quantification of vigilance using ERPs and eye blink rate with a fuzzy model based approach
Venue: Cognition, Technology Work
Year: 2018

Vigilance, also known as sustained attention, is defined as the ability to maintain concentrated attention over prolonged time periods. Many methods for vigilance detection, based on biological and behavioural characteristics, have been proposed in the literature. In general, the existing approaches do not provide any solution to measure vigilance level quantitatively and adopt costly equipment. This paper utilizes a portable electroencephalography (EEG) device and presents a new method for estimation of vigilance level of an individual by utilizing event related potentials (P300 and N100) of EEG signals and eye blink rate. Here, we propose a fuzzy rule based system using amplitude and time variations of the N100 and P300 components and blink variability to establish the correlation among N100, P300, eye blink and the vigilance activity. We have shown, with the help of our proposed fuzzy model, we can efficiently calculate and quantify the vigilance level, and thereby obtain a numerical value of vigilance instead of its mere presence or absence. To validate the results obtained from our fuzzy model, we performed subjective analysis (for assessing the mood and stress level of participants) reaction time analysis and compared the vigilance values with target detection accuracy. The obtained results prove the efficacy of our proposal.
An effective strategy for pseudonym generation changing scheme with privacy preservation for vanet
Venue: 2014 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS)
Year: 2014

Vehicle Adhoc Networks has significantly used in automobiles for effective communication with one another. The decentralized nature of this network provides an extensive range of applications which makes passenger safety and comfort. Securing the location is the main issue to cope with. To overcome this issue, a popular approach that is recommended in vanet is that, vehicles periodically change their pseudonyms when they broadcast safety messages and the pseudonyms should be non linkable. An Effective strategy called Pseudonym Changing at Proper Location(PCP) for pseudonym changing has been implemented in this paper(i.e. a road intersection when the traffic light turns red or a free parking lot near a shopping mall) to achieve the provable location privacy. In addition, we use Cyclic Groups for self delegated key generation and using Signature schemes, we secured the pseudonyms.
Self organized atomic nanowires of noble metals on Ge(001) atomic structure and electronic properties
Year: 2009

Atomic structures of quasi one dimensional (1D) character can be grown on semiconductor substrates by metal adsorption. Significant progress concerning study of their 1D character has been achieved recently by condensing noble metal atoms on the Ge(001) surface. In particular, Pt and Au yield high quality reconstructions with low defect densities. We report on the self organized growth and the long range order achieved, and present data from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on the structural components. For Pt/Ge(001) we find hot substrate growth is the preferred method for self organization. Despite various dimerized bonds, these atomic wires exhibit metallic conduction at room temperature, as documented by low bias STM. For the recently discovered Au/Ge(001) nanowires, we have developed a deposition technique that allows complete substrate coverage. The Au nanowires are extremely well separated spatially, exhibit a continuous 1D charge density, and are of solid metallic conductance. In this review, we present structural details for both types of nanowires, and discuss similarities and differences. A perspective is given for their potential to host a 1D electron system. The ability to condense different noble metal nanowires demonstrates how atomic control of the structure affects the electronic properties.
Factors Affecting Employee Turnover: the Case of Lebanese Retail Companies
Year: 2019

The Lebanese Retail Sector had been suffering from a decline in the performance since there is a high rate of employee turnover due to many factors. Absence of motivation, employee engagement and compensation benefits were some of the strategies which led to a high turnover rate in the Lebanese Construction Sector. The research addressed the quantitative methodology throughout distributing a questionnaire over a defined number of respondents for data collection. The results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical tool, and the results proposed that there are many factors which tend to affect the employees turnover including training and development, commitment, and loyalty.
Custom made Tool for Parallel Placement of Implants
Year: 2018

Parallel placement of dental implants is an accepted surgical and prosthodontic norm when multiple implants are used. Use of paralleling pins supplied with the implant kit is an arbitrary method. An instrument is designed that helps in maintaining the parallelism between implants intraorally. The instrument consists of a horizontal plate with millimeter graduation. A slot is created in the horizontal plate to house a vertical rod. The vertical rod can move mesiodistally as well as occlusogingivally. It must be ensured that the vertical rod is exactly parallel to the long axis of the drill in all the directions. The horizontal plate is then securely attached to the handpiece. After the first osteotomy is made, the vertical rod is placed in the site. The position of vertical rod will guide the second drill parallel to the osteotomy site. This instrument will guide us to correctly determine the inter implant distance, and also depth of the preparation. The instrument is autoclavable.
A Bayesian Methodology for Systemic Risk Assessment in Financial Networks
Venue: Manag. Sci.
Year: 2017

We develop a Bayesian methodology for systemic risk assessment in financial networks such as the interbank market. Nodes represent participants in the network and weighted directed edges represent liabilities. Often, for every participant, only the total liabilities and total assets within this network are observable. However, systemic risk assessment needs the individual liabilities. We propose a model for the individual liabilities, which, following a Bayesian approach, we then condition on the observed total liabilities and assets and, potentially, on certain observed individual liabilities. We construct a Gibbs sampler to generate samples from this conditional distribution. These samples can be used in stress testing, giving probabilities for the outcomes of interest. As one application we derive default probabilities of individual banks and discuss their sensitivity with respect to prior information included to model the network. An R package implementing the methodology is provided.
Principles of Wound Management and Wound Healing in Exotic Pets.
Venue: The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice
Year: 2016

The care of wounds in exotic animal species can be a challenging endeavor. Special considerations must be made in regard to the animal's temperament and behavior, unique anatomy and small size, and tendency toward secondary stress related health problems. It is important to assess the entire patient with adequate systemic evaluation and consideration of proper nutrition and husbandry, which could ultimately affect wound healing. This article summarizes the general phases of wound healing, factors that affect healing, and principles of wound management. Emphasis is placed on novel methods of treating wounds and species differences in wound management and healing.
Penerapan Pompa Air Free Energi Menggunakan Kincir Air Dan Pompa Sistem Hidrolik Untuk Pengairan Sawah
Year: 2020

Pada musim kemarau petani Indonesia khususnya Daerah Kabupaten Kuningan mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan aktivitas pertanian. Masalah tersebut dapat di pecahkan dengan adanya pompa air sehingga aktivitas pertanian masih dapat dilakukan, namun tidak semua petani dapat melakukan aktivitas karena hanya sedikit orang yang bisa dan mampu membeli pompa air serta harus membeli bahan bakar baik bensin maupun solar untuk mengoprasikan pompa air tersebut sehingga terjadi pembekakan pembiayaan. Pemecahan masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan cara membuat pompa air sistem hidrolik dengan memanfaatkan tenaga air yang berasal dari arus Sungai Cijolang sebagai sumber energi pemutar/ kekuatan/pengungkit kincir dan menarik atau mendorang air. Sehingga dengan cara ini tidak memerlukan bahan bakar bensin/solar ataupun tenaga listrik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan cara membuat pompa air sistem hidrolik. Hasil pengukurun/ penelitian menunjukan kecepatan arus air dalam penelitian ini senilai 7 detik/ satu kali putaran kincir air. Diameter kincir air sebesar 1 meter dan untuk diameter pompa air 5cm s/d 10cm. Kebutuhan pompa air untuk lahan seluas 1000 meter dibutuhkan 3 s/d 6 pompa air.
Volunteering Activities in Developing Countries: A Study of Youth Participation in Pakistan
Year: 2015

In recent decades there has been numerous and growing interest of researchers in volunteering. Where there are a substantial number of studies in the developed countries, not much work is present on developing countries. This paper studies the types of volunteering activities among youth in selected areas of Pakistan and analyses the various perspectives of volunteerism in Pakistan. Data was collected from two different provinces of the country through questionnaire. Then through SPSS software data was analyzed. The research shows that people are not much introduced to volunteering or formal volunteering whereas they think they do have time and lesser commitments and do want to volunteer. People are more motivated towards general areas of volunteering like volunteering in medical centers or educational institutions and have been involved in volunteering religious activities in the area however other areas should be introduced to them. Although volunteerism provides young people with opportunity to get engaged in constructive activities, we have found lack of volunteerism opportunities and awareness. There is need for seminars and programs to be held to make general public aware of volunteering, its uses and benefits to them and the society. The research can help organizations and researchers to study the volunteering activity according to specified volunteering areas. Volunteering activities can be increased by focusing on the individual areas.  Volunteerism, Types of Volunteering activities, volunteering in developing countries, Youth, Volunteer Management, Volunteer Motivation,
Integrative analyses of multi omics data improves model predictions: an application to lung cancer
Year: 2020

Cancer genomic studies often include data collected from several omics platforms. Each omics data source contributes to the understanding of the underlying biological process via source specific "individual" patterns of variability. At the same time, statistical associations and potential interactions among the different data sources can reveal signals from common biological processes that might not be identified by single source analyses. These common patterns of variability are referred to as "shared" or "joint" To capture both contributions of variance, integrative dimension reduction techniques are needed. Integrated PCA is a model based generalization of principal components analysis that separates shared and source specific variance by iteratively estimating covariance structures from a matrix normal distribution. Angle based JIVE is a matrix factorization method that decomposes joint and individual variation by permutation of row subspaces. We apply these techniques to identify joint and individual contributions of DNA methylation, miRNA and mRNA expression collected from blood samples in a lung cancer case control study nested within the Norwegian Woman and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort study.  In this work, we show how an integrative analysis that preserves both components of variation is more appropriate than analyses considering uniquely individual or joint components. Our results show how both joint and individual components contribute to a better quality of model predictions, and facilitate the interpretation of the underlying biological processes.  When compared to a non integrative analysis of the three omics sources, integrative models that simultaneously include joint and individual components result in better prediction of cancer status and metastatic cancer at diagnosis.
Promoter haplotypes of the corticotropin releasing hormone encoding gene modulate the physiological stress response in vitro and in vivo
Venue: Stress
Year: 2019

The corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a neuropeptide mediating stress responses. CRH exerts effects via the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis as well as immediate effects on the sympathetic adrenal medullary system. Genetic variants of the CRH promoter were previously found to be associated with altered CRH promoter activity and physiological reactions. Functional characterization of three CRH promoter haplotypes have been performed in vitro using a reporter gene assay under different stimulation conditions. Furthermore, 232 healthy subjects were genotyped and the influence of CRH haplotypes on basal parameters such as post awakening cortisol and blood pressure as well as on stress reactivity measured after socially evaluated cold pressor test (SeCPT) was investigated. In vitro, CRH haplotype 2 showed the highest promoter activity under baseline conditions and after forskolin stimulation compared with other haplotypes. Forskolin treatment resulted in a two fold increase of haplotype 2 promoter activity compared with the baseline condition. Cell line dependent promoter activation was found after hydrocortisone treatment. In vivo, CRH haplotype 2 carriers showed significant higher baseline blood pressure (p .002) and blood pressure after SeCPT (p .001) but did not differ in cortisol levels. This study provides converging evidence for the importance of CRH promoter variants on physiological stress response parameters.
Applications of the CRISPR Cas9 system in cancer biology
Venue: Nature Reviews Cancer
Year: 2015

The prokaryotic type II CRISPR Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR associated 9) system is rapidly revolutionizing the field of genetic engineering, allowing researchers to alter the genomes of a large range of organisms with relative ease. Experimental approaches based on this versatile technology have the potential to transform the field of cancer genetics. Here, we review current approaches for functional studies of cancer genes that are based on CRISPR Cas, with emphasis on their applicability for the development of next generation models of human cancer.
Cognitive impairment after age 60: clinical and social correlates in the Faenza Project.
Venue: Journal of Alzheimer's disease JAD
Year: 2010

A total of 7,389 dementia free elderly (60 102 years old) enrolled in the "Faenza Project" (Northern Italy) were clinically evaluated by nurses and physicians with the aim of detecting the independent and combined association of medical and social factors with cognitive status. Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) was defined for MMSE scores 2 standard deviations than the age and education corrected mean score obtained by the nondemented persons of the Faenza cohort. Logistic Regression analysis was used to estimate Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95%CI) for CIND. The diagnostic procedure identified 402 (5.4% CIND cases. Diabetes (OR, 95%CI 1.6, 1.2 2.2) stroke (OR, 95%CI 1.9, 1.4 2.6) and depressive symptoms (OR, 95%CI 1.9, 1.4 2.7) emerged as the most relevant medical comorbidities of CIND. Low education (OR, 95%CI 1.8, 1.1 2.9) low Socio Economic Status (SES) (OR, 95%CI 1.5, 1.1 2.1) and unmarried status (OR, 95%CI 1.7, 1.2 2.5) were associated with CIND. Medical and social factors were independently related to CIND occurrence. In comparison to subjects without any of the above mentioned conditions, subjects with one medical and one social factor had an OR, 95%CI for CIND equal to 6.0, 2.9 12.4. The strength of the association increased when more of those conditions occurred in combination, suggesting a synergistic effect. Despite some methodological limitations, data from this cross sectional population based Italian study show that low education, low SES, unmarried status together with diabetes, stroke, and depressive symptoms are related to cognitive impairment in the general population. The interaction of medical and social factors further increases the probability of CIND.
Deep learning network for UAV person re identification based on residual block
Venue: Science China Information Sciences
Year: 2020

Dear editor, Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are well known for their flexibility and adaptability  In recent years, UAVs have been commonly used as maneuverable cameras in surveillance systems. Consequently, people, as the primary monitoring targets, have become the most popular objects for detecting or tracking [2, 3] Naturally, the task of aerial person image re identification has gained considerable importance.
Les Learning Analytics contraintes methodologiques et gouvernance ethique des donnees
Venue: Distances et mediations des savoirs
Year: 2019

Presentation des contributions de B. Poellhuber et N. Roy, de M. Romero, de L. Pierrot et de B. Gras a la rubrique "Debat discussion" de la revue DMS portant sur l'usage des Learning Analytics. Tous s'accordent, a partir de leurs propres travaux, sur la necessite d'un usage ethique des LA, sur une conscientisation et une participation de tous les acteurs au processus des ses premieres phases. Ils montrent aussi comment ils ont tente de mettre en oeuvre certains de ses principes dans leurs recherches. Des lors, leurs contributions presentent parfois une dimension vecue, voire narrative. Mais si ces auteurs et ces auteures racontent, jamais ils ne s'en laissent conter.
Telemedicine support to patients with chronic diseases for better long term control at home
Year: 2017

Authors in many scientific publications suggest that the telemonitoring of health parameters is a useful tool for supporting patients with long term conditions staying at home and their self management of the disease. Those patients are likely to benefit from timely and adequate response to deteriorated conditions detected by the telemedicine system. Almost all of the studies state that telemedicine provided as telemonitoring can be an effective add on tool in the hands of patients and medical experts for the self management of patients with, for example, heart failure or diabetes. In this paper the principles of patient telemonitoring are presented as applied within a telemedicine service provided by the Centre for Telehealth (CEZAR) at the General Hospital Slovenj Gradec (Slovenia) The centre supports patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and/or with chronic congestive heart failure. The service was set up in 2014 as part of a European project called UNITED4HEALTH. Since then over 550 patients from the Carinthia and Saleska regions (Slovenia) have been receiving telemedicine support for more than two years. The clinical outcomes of the telemedicine service published elsewhere prove that the selected telemedicine service model is adequate and the implemented technological solution is acceptable for all service users: the patients and the clinicians.
A review on thermal cycling and drop impact reliability of SAC solder joint in portable electronic products
Venue: Microelectron. Reliab.
Year: 2012

Currently, the portable electronic products trend to high speed, light weight, miniaturization and multifunctionality. In that field, solder joint reliability in term of both drop impact and thermal cycling loading conditions is a great concern for portable electronic products. The transition to lead free solder happened to coincide with a dramatic increase in portable electronic products. Sn Ag Cu (SAC) is now recognized as the standard lead free solder alloy for packaging interconnects in the electronics industry. The present study reviews the reliability of different Ag content SAC solder joints in term of both thermal cycling and drop impact from the viewpoints of bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties. The finding of the study indicates that the best SAC composition for drop impact performance is not necessarily the best composition for optimum thermal cycling reliability. The level of Ag content in SAC solder alloy can be an advantage or a disadvantage depending on the application, package and reliability requirements. As a result, most component assemblers are using at least two (and in many cases even more) lead free solder sphere alloys to meet various package requirements.