nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fairness in Algorithmic Decision Making: Applications in Multi Winner Voting, Machine Learning, and Recommender Systems
Venue: Algorithms
Year: 2019

Algorithmic decision making has become ubiquitous in our societal and economic lives. With more and more decisions being delegated to algorithms, we have also encountered increasing evidence of ethical issues with respect to biases and lack of fairness pertaining to algorithmic decision making outcomes. Such outcomes may lead to detrimental consequences to minority groups in terms of gender, ethnicity, and race. As a response, recent research has shifted from design of algorithms that merely pursue purely optimal outcomes with respect to a fixed objective function into ones that also ensure additional fairness properties. In this study, we aim to provide a broad and accessible overview of the recent research endeavor aimed at introducing fairness into algorithms used in automated decision making in three principle domains, namely, multi winner voting, machine learning, and recommender systems. Even though these domains have developed separately from each other, they share commonality with respect to decision making as an application, which requires evaluation of a given set of alternatives that needs to be ranked with respect to a clearly defined objective function. More specifically, these relate to tasks such as (1) collectively selecting a fixed number of winner (or potentially high valued) alternatives from a given initial set of alternatives; (2) clustering a given set of alternatives into disjoint groups based on various similarity measures; or (3) finding a consensus ranking of entire or a subset of given alternatives. To this end, we illustrate a multitude of fairness properties studied in these three streams of literature, discuss their commonalities and interrelationships, synthesize what we know so far, and provide a useful perspective for future research.
[Effects of additives in blood collection tubes on testing the alcohol concentration in blood samples]
Venue: Fa yi xue za zhi
Year: 2014

To discuss blood collection tubes with different additives and their effects on the testing results of alcohol concentration in blood samples.  Blood samples from 10 volunteers were collected 2 hours after drinking with seven different types of disposable vacuum blood collection tubes, including ordinary tube without anticoagulant, coagulant tube, separating gel coagulant tube, sodium citrate (1:4) tube, sodium citrate (1:9) tube, sodium citrate (9:1) tube and EDTA K2 tube. The alcohol concentrations in these blood samples were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography.  The concentration testing results of the same blood samples in different types of tubes were different from one to another. The sequence was as follows: separating gel coagulant tube coagulant tube ordi nary tube without anticoagulant EDTA K2 tube> sodium citrate (1:9) tube> sodium citrate (1:4) tube, whereas the results of the same blood sample in sodium citrate (1:9) tube and sodium citrate (9:1) tube showed no obvious difference.  It is better to collect a suspicious drunk driver's blood sam ple using a disposable vacuum blood collection tube, with the EDTA K2 tube being preferred.
Integrating Poverty and Environmental Concerns into Value Chain Analysis: A Conceptual Framework
Year: 2010

Many policy prescriptions emphasise poverty reduction through closer integration of poor people or areas with global markets. Global value chain (GVC) studies reveal how firms and farms in developing countries are upgraded by being integrated in global markets, but few explicitly document the impact on poverty, gender and the environment, or conversely, how value chain restructuring is in turn mediated by local history, social relations and environmental factors. This article develops a conceptual framework that can help overcome the shortcomings in 'standalone' value chain, livelihood and environmental analyses by integrating the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' aspects of value chains that together affect poverty and sustainability.
Mobile Minecraft: Negotiated space and perceptions of play in Australian families
Venue: Mobile Media Communication
Year: 2019

This article argues that Minecraft played on mobile devices in Australian homes impacts the spaces and perceptions of play within those familial settings. Based on findings from the Games of Mobile Australian Research Council Project, we present examples of how mobile devices bring about particular scenarios of Minecraft play within the household and family dynamics. These scenarios include renegotiating household spaces through acts of mobile Minecraft play, the development of physical gesture rituals through mobile touchscreen interactions, and the complex negotiations involved in shared device usage between different family members. We make the case that through these familial scenarios, the space of Minecraft can become an extension of the family home. These findings offer new insights into mobile device based engagement with Minecraft and provide a solid base of information for academic researchers and social policymakers seeking to understand the Minecraft and mobile phenomena. As mobile technology grows in ubiquity, mobile Minecraft becomes increasingly embedded in acts of play. We propose that Minecraft on mobile devices reshapes Australian perceptions of play, creativity, and family dynamics.
Sensorless current model predictive control for maximum power point tracking of single phase subMultilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems
Venue: 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
Year: 2016

Stochastic dynamic behavior of solar energy necessitates the use of robust controllers for photovoltaic (PV) power electronics interfaces to maximize the energy harvest by continuous operation at maximum power point (MPP) This paper proposes a sensorless current model predictive control maximum power point tracking (SC MPC MPPT) algorithm. By predicting the future behavior of the power conversion stage, the proposed controller features fast and stable performance under dynamic ambient condition and negligible oscillation around MPP at steady state. Moreover, it does not require expensive sensing and communication equipment and networks to directly measure the changing solar insolation level. The power conversion stage includes an upstream boost dc/dc power conversion to a dc link capacitor, and a downstream seven level sub Multilevel Inverter (sMI) from the dc link capacitor to the grid. The sMI is using three power arms cascaded with an H bridge inverter. This topology brings considerable benefits such as reduced number of power switches and their gate drivers when compared to the traditional multilevel inverters. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is employed for current regulation of the sMI, thus eliminating the need of cascaded classical control loops and modulator. The proposed SC MPC MPPT technique for a boost converter is implemented experimentally using the dSPACE DS1007 platform.
A rare complication of cervical spinal epidural abscess while receiving conservative treatment
Year: 2015

Cervical spinal epidural abscess (CSEA) is a rare disease that requires prompt diagnosis and early surgical intervention with appropriate antibiotic therapy to ensure better neurologic outcome. However, some patients may forego surgery in some scenarios if they have prolonged neurologic deficits that are unlikely to improve with surgery. We present the first case of CSEA in which hydrocephalus developed while the patient was receiving medical treatment. A 55 year old female with diabetes mellitus presented to our emergency department with progressive weakness and eventual paralysis. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed CSEA with spinal cord compression. After 1 week of antibiotic treatment, hydrocephalus developed. The patient regained consciousness after emergent external ventricular drain. For sepsis source control, she received corpectomy with abscess drainage; however, there was no obvious neurological improvement. Emergency department crowding has become a widespread problem. Due to prolonged emergency department stay of patients, emergency physicians tend to face late response or complication of treatments, and witness the progression of diseases. This case demonstrates that hydrocephalus may occur in patients with CSEA receiving nonoperative treatment, and caregivers must be alert for any change in patient's consciousness.
Control of III/VI Ratios in the Preparation of ln2Se3 thin Films
Year: 2009

CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films on glass substrates were successfully grown by the metal organic chemical vapour deposition method by using three precursors [Cu precursor, trimethyl indium (TMI) and hydrogen selenide (H2Se) The flow rates of TMI and H2Se can be adjusted independently to gain different lll/VI ratios, which is different from the single precursor technique. Good chalcopyrite phase from CIS films was demonstrated by X ray diffraction. The optical band gap of CIS thin films can be adjusted by controlling the growth conditions.
Obesity and common pathways of cancer and cardiovascular disease
Year: 2020

Obesity is constantly increasing worldwide due to the progressive globalization of sedentary lifestyle and diet rich in lipids and processed food. Cardiovascular complications and cancer are the two most fearsome long term sequelae of obesity that justify the recent definition of this threaten as 'obesity epidemic' Shared biological pathways can be recognized for obesity induced cardiovascular and oncological complications that might prompt targeted interventions with potentially double beneficial effect. The present review aims at summarizing main common biological pathways linking obesity with cardiovascular diseases and cancer in order to provide a research framework within which therapeutic strategies might have at the same time cardiovascular protective and cancer preventive effects.
Double Embeddings and CNN based Sequence Labeling for Aspect Extraction
Venue: ACL
Year: 2018

One key task of fine grained sentiment analysis of product reviews is to extract product aspects or features that users have expressed opinions on. This paper focuses on supervised aspect extraction using deep learning. Unlike other highly sophisticated supervised deep learning models, this paper proposes a novel and yet simple CNN model employing two types of pre trained embeddings for aspect extraction: general purpose embeddings and domain specific embeddings. Without using any additional supervision, this model achieves surprisingly good results, outperforming state of the art sophisticated existing methods. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to report such double embeddings based CNN model for aspect extraction and achieve very good results.
Contextual Combinatorial Cascading Bandits
Venue: ICML
Year: 2016

We propose the contextual combinatorial cascading bandits, a combinatorial online learning game, where at each time step a learning agent is given a set of contextual information, then selects a list of items, and observes stochastic outcomes of a prefix in the selected items by some stopping criterion. In online recommendation, the stopping criterion might be the first item a user selects; in network routing, the stopping criterion might be the first edge blocked in a path. We consider position discounts in the list order, so that the agent's reward is discounted depending on the position where the stopping criterion is met. We design a UCB type algorithm, C3 UCB, for this problem, prove an n step regret bound O(n) in the general setting, and give finer analysis for two special cases. Our work generalizes existing studies in several directions, including contextual information, position discounts, and a more general cascading bandit model. Experiments on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the advantage of involving contextual information and position discounts.
Completability and optimal factorization norms in tensor products of Banach function spaces
Venue: Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matematicas
Year: 2019

Given \sigma finite measure spaces \Omega _1,\Sigma _1, \mu _1) and \Omega _2,\Sigma _2,\mu _2) we consider Banach spaces (X_1(\mu _1) and (X_2(\mu _2) consisting of (L^0 \mu _1) and (L^0 \mu _2) measurable functions respectively, and study when the completion of the simple tensors in the projective tensor product (X_1(\mu _1) \otimes _\pi X_2(\mu _2) is continuously included in the metric space of measurable functions (L^0(\mu _1 \otimes \mu _2) In particular, we prove that the elements of the completion of the projective tensor product of (L^p\ spaces are measurable functions with respect to the product measure. Assuming certain conditions, we finally show that given a bounded linear operator (T:X_1(\mu _1) \otimes _\pi X_2(\mu _2) \rightarrow E\ (where E is a Banach space) a norm can be found for T to be bounded, which is 'minimal' with respect to a given property (2 rectangularity) The same technique may work for the case of n spaces.
Large Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting as an Adenoma with Precocious Puberty
Venue: The Indian Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2011

Sir, We present a case of peripheral precocious puberty due to a large adrenal mass, with hemorrhagic and necrotic areas, despite long history and no metastasis, making the distinction between carcinoma and adenoma very difficult. A 3.5 y boy presented with progressive enlargement of penis, appearance of pubic hair and hoarseness of voice for 2 y. There was no history of focal neurological deficits, testicular swelling or chronic drug intake. There was no family history of precocious puberty. The child had a muscular look, penile length and testicular volume were 8.5 cm and 2.3 cc respectively. Child belonged to Sexual Maturity Rating stage III. He weighed 23 kg, height was 107.5 cm and arm span of 103.7 cm. The blood pressure recorded was 90/60 mmHg which was normal for his age. A 5 cm rounded, firm, non tender lump in left lumbar region was felt. The bone age was 13 15 y. CECT abdomen revealed a large well defined heterogeneously enhancing necrotic mass involving left adrenal with specs of calcifications, closely abutting spleen and left kidney, however the fat planes were maintained. No evidence of metastatis was found on MRI brain and CT chest. Per operatively a 13x10 cm tumor was found in left suprarenal area with intact capsule and hemorrhagic areas  without any evidence of invasion. Considering the Weiss criteria, weight, size and presence of necrosis and hemorrhage  diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma was considered. The hormonal profile revealed raised 17 hydroxy progesterone (5.14 ng/ml) testosterone (30 ng/dl) DHEAS (543 mg/dl) and cortisol (104 mg/ml) levels which came down to serum cortisol level of 48 mg/dl, serum testosterone of 10 ng/dl and serum DHEAS level of 152 mg/dl which were within normal limits 3 mo after surgery. Adrenocortical carcinomas are very rare cause of gonadotropin independent precocious puberty with an incidence of 1 2 per million populations annually. It is usually unilateral and seen in females  It has a bimodal age distribution  Clinically, virilization is most common and only 10% present with cushingoid features and palpable mass. In 20 40% cases, no history of hormonal overproduction is found. Red flag signs for adrenal carcinoma are large size >4 cm) intra lesional calcification, hemorrhage, necrosis, tumor
Biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution by Codium vermilara: Optimization, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies
Year: 2020

In this investigation, the efficiency of Codium vermilara for copper ions removal from aqueous solution was studied. Central Composite Design has been used for the Response Surface Methodology and has been found to be an effective method for investigating the influences of various variables and their interactions on the efficiency of Cu2+ ions removal. The interactive impacts of four variables: algal dose, pH, initial concentrations of copper and contact time on the copper removal efficiency were assessed. Algal dose 0.75 g/L, pH 5.28, contact time 70.51 min, and copper concentration 48.75 mg/L were found to be the conditions of optimum biosorption. The efficiency of copper removal was found to be 85.5% under these optimum conditions. Copper removal on the biomass of C. vermilara followed well the kinetics of pseudo first order, Elvoish and Intraparticle diffusion. Compared to the other models, Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm best suited the experimental data revealing that the adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters exhibited non spontaneous, randomness and endothermic biosorption of Cu2+ ions. Additionally, the biosorbent characterization was estimated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Thus, C. vermilara could be used as possible biosorbent for removing heavy metals and other pollutants from the environment.
Determining the magnitude of traction force on the axes of drive wheels of self propelled machines
Year: 2017

Studying the interaction between running systems of wheeled tractors and vehicles and the ground and the road is impossible without determining the traction force. Here we outline the principles of formation of the traction force of tractors and vehicles. The fallability is proven of the position on that the total tangent soil reaction under the action of the driving wheels on it is the traction force, which is transferred to the rear axle and sets the whole vehicle or tractor in motion. The driving force of tractors and vehicles is fuel energy, which is converted by internal combustion engine of an energy means into rotations and torque that are transferred using the transmission to the drive wheels. In the machine tractor units, torque of the engine is also used on the drive of the working machine through the power take off shaft and creation of the force of traction. The point of application of the traction force is on the axis of the drive wheel. We derived expression for the calculation of traction force on the axis of the drive wheel. Traction force is approximately twice the force with which the wheel acts on the surface and the surface reaction corresponding to it. Surface reaction is transferred from the road to the drive wheel and counteracts to the wheel rotation. Defining the principles of formation of the traction force makes it possible to intensify research into technical and energy means in general, and to substantiate the principles of reducing negative impact of the engines in particular on the fertile soil layer.
Ionothermal syntheses and optical property of chromium selenidostannates containing linear polyamine ligand
Year: 2014

Ternary chromium selenidostannates [Cr(tepa)(OH)]2Sn2Se6*H2O (tepa tetraethylenepentamine) (1) and [Cr(peha)]2(Sn2Se6)Cl2 (peha pentaethylenehexamide) (2) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of CrCl3*6H2O, Sn, Se and tepa or peha in ionic liquid 1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride at 160 degC. In the ionic liquid, the Cr3 ion forms [Cr(tepa)(OH)]2 or [Cr(peha)]3 chelating complex cations, which lead to the formation of chromium selenidostannates 1 and 2. But the reactions in pure tepa or peha under solvothermal conditions produced amorphous powders. 1 and 2 are the first examples of TM complex contained chalcogenidostannates synthesized by ionothermal technique. Both 1 and 2 form three dimensional networks via intermolecular N HSe, O HSe and N HO or N HCl interactions, respectively. 1 and 2 exhibit possible semiconducting properties with the band gaps at 2.08 and 2.19 eV, respectively.
Crystal Clear? Microspectroscopic Imaging and Physicochemical Characterization of Indoor Depositions on Window Glass
Year: 2018

Deposition and surface mediated reactions of adsorbed species can play a role in the level of exposure of occupants to indoor pollutants, which include gases and particles. Detailed molecular level descriptions of these processes occurring on indoor surfaces are difficult to obtain because of the ever increasing types of surfaces and their proximity to a variety of different indoor emission sources. The results of an investigation of interactions of glass surfaces in unique indoor environments are described here. Window glass, a ubiquitous indoor surface, was placed vertically in six different locations to assess differences in particle and coating depositions. Atomic force microscopy photothermal infrared (AFM PTIR) spectroscopic analysis of these glass surfaces reveals differences in morphology and chemical composition, which reflects the diversity of surface processes found in local environments indoors. Overall, this detailed microspectroscopic imaging method shows deposition of particles and the form.
Analysis of Deformation Data of a Deep Foundation Pit in Karst Poor Geological Conditions
Year: 2017

This paper is based on a deep foundation pit project under the geological conditions of karst. The monitoring data is analyzed, and the deformation rule of the foundation pit is obtained. At the same time, the influence factors of foundation pit deformation are studied, and the relationship between the displacement of slope of foundation pit at different stages is studied. Get conclusions as following, in the excavation of the foundation pit, the different supporting forms of foundation pit have great influence on the horizontal displacement of foundation pit. The horizontal displacement deformation of slope at the excavation stage is larger, accounting for 68%~78% of total deformation. The horizontal displacement deformation of slope at the backfill stage is significantly smaller, accounting for 22%~32% of the total deformation.  Foundation pit; deformation analysis, The foundation pit monitoring, Horizontal deformation of slope top, The vertical displacement of the slope.
Sequential Deep Learning for Disaster Related Video Classification
Venue: 2018 IEEE Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)
Year: 2018

Videos serve to convey complex semantic information and ease the understanding of new knowledge. However, when mixed semantic meanings from different modalities (i.e. image, video, text) are involved, it is more difficult for a computer model to detect and classify the concepts (such as flood, storm, and animals) This paper presents a multimodal deep learning framework to improve video concept classification by leveraging recent advances in transfer learning and sequential deep learning models. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) models are then used to obtain the sequential semantics for both audio and textual models. The proposed framework is applied to a disaster related video dataset that includes not only disaster scenes, but also the activities that took place during the disaster event. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.