nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Bank Interest Margins: A Short term Funding Perspective
Year: 2016

The net interest margins (NIM) is one of the key metrics for Banks, and for those who want to evaluate the performance of a banki s investments. In this paper, the determinants of net interest margins of Chinai s financial institutions are investigated, while taking into account the effects of short term funding and the presence of foreign banks. By distinguishing different shareholding structure and comparing the banksi net interest margins before and after the banking liberalization, we find that both short term funding and foreign bank presence have negative impacts on the net interest margins of Chinese domestic banks. The banking sector after the financial liberalization, especially the national wide banks, has better ability to manage the financial stress. The China Construction Banks(CCBs) and Credit Cooperatives suffer higher interest margin decline than State Owned commercial Banks(SOBs) and Joint Stock Banks(JSBs) The national wide banks need to accelerate the business diversification and increase the intermediary revenue.
Consensus clustering based on constrained self organizing map and improved Cop Kmeans ensemble in intelligent decision support systems
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.
Year: 2012

Data mining processes data from different perspectives into useful knowledge, and becomes an important component in designing intelligent decision support systems (IDSS) Clustering is an effective method to discover natural structures of data objects in data mining. Both clustering ensemble and semi supervised clustering techniques have been emerged to improve the clustering performance of unsupervised clustering algorithms. Cop Kmeans is a K means variant that incorporates background knowledge in the form of pairwise constraints. However, there exists a constraint violation in Cop Kmeans. This paper proposes an improved Cop Kmeans (ICop Kmeans) algorithm to solve the constraint violation of Cop Kmeans. The certainty of objects is computed to obtain a better assignment order of objects by the weighted co association. The paper proposes a new constrained self organizing map (SOM) to combine multiple semi supervised clustering solutions for further enhancing the performance of ICop Kmeans. The proposed methods effectively improve the clustering results from the validated experiments and the quality of complex decisions in IDSS.
How user intelligence is improving PubMed
Venue: Nature Biotechnology
Year: 2018

PubMed is a widely used search engine for biomedical literature. It is developed and maintained by the US National Library of Medicine/National Center for Biotechnology Information and is visited daily by millions of users around the world. For decades, PubMed has used advanced artificial intelligence technologies that extract patterns of collective user activity, such as machine learning and natural language processing, to inform the algorithmic changes that ultimately improve a user's search experience. Although these efforts have led to objective improvements in search quality, the technical underpinnings remain largely invisible and go largely unnoticed by most users. Here we describe how these 'under the hood' techniques work within PubMed and report how their effectiveness and usage is assessed in real world scenarios. In doing so, we hope to increase the transparency of the PubMed system and enable users to make more effective use of the search engine. We also identify open challenges and new opportunities for computational researchers to explore the potential of future improvements.
Novel robot assisted laparoscopic total extra peritoneal repair with primary fascial closure plus pre peritonea mesh for large groin defects
Venue: The international journal of medical robotics computer assisted surgery MRCAS
Year: 2019

Since the introduction of robot assisted laparoscopic surgery, a variety of conventional laparoscopic procedures have been explored via this approach. In the robotic era, most of the reported robot assisted laparoscopic hernia repairs were performed with the trans abdominal pre peritoneal approach. According to the evidence extrapolated from laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, simultaneous fascial defect closure and mesh repair can significantly decrease the risk of seroma formation and recurrence over those without fascial closure. Therefore, we describe our novel technique of robot assisted total extra peritoneal (TEP) repair with primary fascial closure and pre peritoneal mesh and its preliminary clinical outcomes.
Cannabinoid receptor CB1 regulates STAT3 activity and its expression dictates the responsiveness to SR141716 treatment in human glioma patients' cells
Venue: Oncotarget
Year: 2015

Herein we show that a majority of human brain tumor samples and cell lines over expressed cannabinoid receptor CB1 as compared to normal human astrocytes (NHA) while uniformly expressed low levels of CB2. This finding prompted us to investigate the therapeutic exploitation of CB1 inactivation by SR141716 treatment, with regard to its direct and indirect cell mediated effects against gliomas. Functional studies, using U251MG glioma cells and primary tumor cell lines derived from glioma patients expressing different levels of CB1, highlighted SR141716 efficacy in inducing apoptosis via G1 phase stasis and block of TGF b1 secretion through a mechanism that involves STAT3 inhibition. According to the multivariate role of STAT3 in the immune escape too, interestingly SR141716 lead also to the functional and selective expression of MICA/B on the surface of responsive malignant glioma cells, but not on NHA. This makes SR141716 treated glioma cells potent targets for allogeneic NK cell mediated recognition through a NKG2D restricted mechanism, thus priming them for NK cell antitumor reactivity. These results indicate that CB1 and STAT3 participate in a new oncogenic network in the complex biology of glioma and their expression levels in patients dictate the efficacy of the CB1 antagonist SR141716 in multimodal glioma destruction.  CB1 is implicated in the regulation of cellular processes linked to survival, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in several physio pathological conditions. We shed light on previously unrecognized molecular mechanism of CB1 mediated modulation of human glioma progression and provide the first and original demonstration of CB1 STAT3 axis as a new target and predictor biomarkers of the benefit from specific therapies. Indeed CB1 antagonism capable of tumoral cell division' control while making the glioma immunovisible and engaging the immune system to fight it may represent a hopeful alternative to other established chemotherapeutics. Because different aspects of glioma biology have been separately targeted with very limited success, we speculate that CB1 inhibitors which enclose in the same molecule cytotoxic potential and high activity to boost competent immune surveillance mechanisms, at a degree that seems to be correlated to the levels of CB1 immunoreactivity, might have profound implications for exploring new therapeutic anti glioma actions.
Peat resource management in Peninsula Malaysia connections between policy and practice
Year: 2014

Scientists and conservation organisations have raised concerns that the clearing and conversion of peatlands in Peninsular Malaysia affect the rate of emission of greenhouse gases and lead to biodiversity loss. It has also given rise to recurrent annual haze, which has had serious implications on the health of the people and the economy of the region. This thesis analyses the impacts of policy on the utilisation of peatlands in Peninsular Malaysia. It examines policies to assess if they are functioning as intended and explores why some appear to be failing to fulfil their objectives. Influenced by the Public Policy Analysis and the Institutional Resource Regime frameworks, the thesis describes the main uses, the users and actors of peatland management in Peninsular Malaysia and the related policies (as well as regulations) It also discusses the implementation of the resource regime, using the North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, the Southeast Pahang Peat Swamp Forest and the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve in Johor as three case study sites. Key ecosystem services provided by peatlands and peat swamp forests in Peninsular Malaysia and their rivalries are highlighted, as well as gaps in policy for peatland management. Attempts that have been made to regulate the rivalries and gaps, and institutional mechanisms set up for collaborative cooperation are also discussed. My results suggest that the public policy implementation modalities of peatland management in Peninsular Malaysia and their effect on sustainability is dependent on the relations between the Federal State and the federated states, as well as on the weak endowment in action resources of politico administrative actors in charge of policy implementation. It also concludes that peatland management in Peninsular Malaysia is a simple regime where a limited number of the goods and services provided by peatlands and peat swamp forests are regulated in a coordinated way. However this has meant that many of the actual uses are unregulated, leaving a large scope of manoeuvre for individual exploitation and the avoidance of the constraints needed if policy is to be implemented successfully.
The Cognitive Mechanisms of the SNARC Effect: An Individual Differences Approach
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2014

Access to mental representations of smaller vs. larger number symbols is associated with leftward vs. rightward spatial locations, as represented on a number line. The well replicated SNARC effect (Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes) reveals that simple decisions about small numbers are facilitated when stimuli are presented on the left, and large numbers facilitated when on the right. We present novel evidence that the size of the SNARC effect is relatively stable within individuals over time. This enables us to take an individual differences approach to investigate how the SNARC effect is modulated by spatial and numerical cognition. Are number space associations linked to spatial operations, such that those who have greater facility in spatial computations show the stronger SNARC effects, or are they linked to number semantics, such that those showing stronger influence of magnitude associations on number symbol decisions show stronger SNARC effects? Our results indicate a significant correlation between the SNARC effect and a 2D mental rotation task, suggesting that spatial operations are at play in the expression of this effect. We also uncover a significant correlation between the SNARC effect and the distance effect, suggesting that the SNARC is also related to access to number semantics. A multiple regression analysis reveals that the relative contributions of spatial cognition and distance effects represent significant, yet distinct, contributions in explaining variation in the size of the SNARC effect from one individual to the next. Overall, these results shed new light on how the spatial numerical associations of response codes are influenced by both number semantics and spatial operations.
AMP activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress
Venue: Science
Year: 2016

How to shape mitochondrial networks Mitochondria undergo fragmentation or fusion in response to changes in cellular metabolism. Toyama et al. report that adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is both necessary and sufficient to control mitochondrial fragmentation. AMPK functions as a sensor to monitor the energy status of the cell by phosphorylating mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. MFF then acts to recruit a cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that promotes mitochondrial fission. Science, this issue p. 275 An energy sensing kinase phosphorylates a mitochondrial membrane protein that initiates fragmentation. Mitochondria undergo fragmentation in response to electron transport chain (ETC) poisons and mitochondrial DNA linked disease mutations, yet how these stimuli mechanistically connect to the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery is poorly understood. We found that the energy sensing adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) is genetically required for cells to undergo rapid mitochondrial fragmentation after treatment with ETC inhibitors. Moreover, direct pharmacological activation of AMPK was sufficient to rapidly promote mitochondrial fragmentation even in the absence of mitochondrial stress. A screen for substrates of AMPK identified mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) a mitochondrial outer membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fission. Nonphosphorylatable and phosphomimetic alleles of the AMPK sites in MFF revealed that it is a key effector of AMPK mediated mitochondrial fission.
Does place attachment affect social well being?
Year: 2010

Although literature yields some insights on the connection between place and well being, to date the direct influence of place attachment on the dimensions that characterize social well being has not been explicitly investigated. The present study, conducted on 443 first year undergraduates, had one main purposes: exploring the influence of place attachment measured in relation to two different spatial ranges (neighborhood and city) on the five components of social well being. Results showed that place attachment globally affects social well being, but noteworthy distinctions have to be specified both as to the spatial range investigated and the different dimensions of social well being. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Sketch a Segmenter: Sketch Based Photo Segmenter Generation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2020

Given pixel level annotated data, traditional photo segmentation techniques have achieved promising results. However, these photo segmentation models can only identify objects in categories for which data annotation and training have been carried out. This limitation has inspired recent work on few shot and zero shot learning for image segmentation. In this article, we show the value of sketch for photo segmentation, in particular as a transferable representation to describe a concept to be segmented. We show, for the first time, that it is possible to generate a photo segmentation model of a novel category using just a single sketch and furthermore exploit the unique fine grained characteristics of sketch to produce more detailed segmentation. More specifically, we propose a sketch based photo segmentation method that takes sketch as input and synthesizes the weights required for a neural network to segment the corresponding region of a given photo. Our framework can be applied at both the category level and the instance level, and fine grained input sketches provide more accurate segmentation in the latter. This framework generalizes across categories via sketch and thus provides an alternative to zero shot learning when segmenting a photo from a category without annotated training data. To investigate the instance level relationship across sketch and photo, we create the SketchySeg dataset which contains segmentation annotations for photos corresponding to paired sketches in the Sketchy Dataset.
Towards Participatory Design Spaces for Explainable AI Interfaces in Expert Domains (Short Paper)
Venue: XI ML@KI
Year: 2020

In this position paper, we lay out an approach to use participatory and co design methodology to explore how users perceive and interact with explanations of artificially intelligent decision support systems. We describe how we intend to construct bottom up participatory design spaces to systematically inform the design of interactive explanations in Human AI interaction.
Nondestructive Testing of Structurally Inhomogeneous Composite Materials by the Method of Elastic Wave Velocity Hodograph
Venue: Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing
Year: 2019

We consider theoretical foundations for the nondestructive testing of large sized structures and structures made of structurally inhomogeneous composite materials by the method of elastic wave velocity hodograph. The theoretical fundamentals of the method of elastic wave velocity hodograph are presented for a single layer medium, and the propagation of low frequency elastic waves in a homogeneous isotropic single layer medium is described. Based on the research, recommendations are given on detecting defects and determining the speed of propagation of elastic waves in a single layer medium; this allows nondestructive testing of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material in the layer and flaw detection and thickness gaging in large sized structures and structures made of coarse grained and composite materials.
Penile Hair Tourniquet Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Year: 2019

PENILE HAIR TOURNIQUET SYNDROME is a rare but potentially devastating clinical entity characterized by circumferential strangulation of coronal sulcus of penis resulting in various serious complications. If not diagnosed early, it can lead to urethral fistula, urethral transection penile gangrene and even amputation of penis. It is mostly seen in circumscribed children. Herein we are reporting a case of Penile hair tourniquet syndrome (PHTS) and successful management of urethrocutaneous fistula (coronal) developed due to PHTS in a 5 year old male child. Date of Submission: 07 11 2019 Date of Acceptance: 23 11 2019
Heterogeneous 2D/3D photonic integrated microsystems
Venue: Microsystems nanoengineering
Year: 2016

The continuing trend of exponential growth in data communications and processing are driving the need for large scale heterogeneous integration. Similar to the trend we have observed in electronic integrated circuit development, we are witnessing a growing trend in 3D photonic integrated circuits (PICs) development in addition to that in 2D PICs. There are two main methods for fabricating 3D PICs. The first method, which utilizes ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) offers freeform shaping of waveguides in arbitrary contours and formations. The second method, which utilizes multilayer stacking and coupling of planar PICs, exploits relatively mature 2D PIC fabrication processes applied to each layer sequentially. Both the fabrication methods for 3D PICs have advantages and disadvantages such that certain applications may favor one method over the other. However, a joining of 2D PICs with 3D PICs can help develop integrated microsystems with new functionalities such as non mechanical beam steering, space division multiplexing (SDM) programmable arbitrary beam shaping, and photonic signal processing. We discuss examples of 3D PICs and 2D/3D integrated PICs in two applications: SDM via orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing/demultiplexing and optical beam steering using optical phased arrays. Although a 2D PIC by itself can function as an OAM multiplexer or demultiplexer, it has limitations in supporting both polarizations. Alternatively, a 3D PIC fabricated by ULI can easily support both polarizations with low propagation loss. A combination of a 3D PIC and a 2D PIC designed and fabricated for OAM applications has successfully multiplexed and demultiplexed 15 OAM states to demonstrate polarization diversified SDM coherent optical communications using multiple OAM states. Coherent excitation of multi ring OAM states can allow highly scalable SDM utilizing Laguerre Gaussian modes or linearly polarized (LP) modes. The preliminary fabrication of multi ring OAM multiplexers and demultiplexers using the multilayer 3D PIC method and the ULI 3D PIC method has also been pursued. Large scale (for example, 16x16 optical phased array) 3D PICs fabricated with the ULI technique have been demonstrated. Through these examples, we show that heterogeneous 2D/3D photonic integration retains the advantages of 2D PICs and 3D waveguides, which can potentially benefit many other applications.
Magnetic Properties, Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ce doped Sm1 xCex(CobalFe0.14Cu0.07Zr0.05)7.5 Magnets
Year: 2020

The influence of the Ce content and the relation among the magnetic properties, corrosion resistance and microstructure of the Sm1 xCex(CobalFe0.14Cu0.07Zr0.05)7.5 magnets are systemically studied. The enhanced magnetic properties (Br 11.01 kG, Hcj 15.5 kOe, and (BH)max 30.1 MGOe) have been obtained with the slight Ce doped (x 0.1) The lower values of the corrosion potential Ecorr and corrosion current density icorr for the Ce doped magnet indicate that electrochemical corrosion rate of the Ce doped magnet slows down and the corrosion resistance of the magnet is stronger. The microstructure results show that the Ce doped magnet obtains a more uniform cellular structure with the smaller cell size and the homogeneous cell boundary phase, while the content of the Ce shows no observable difference between the cell and cell boundary.
Effects of substrate concentration on bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunches with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
Venue: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Year: 2019

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are industrial wastes generated from the processing of palm oil. OPEFB has the potential to be feedstock for bioethanol production due to its high cellulose content. In this paper, ethanol production is conducted with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) method, which combined hydrolysis (saccharification) and fermentation process simultaneously in one reactor to create a faster conversion time and minimize costs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of substrate concentration on the growth of microorganisms and the yield of bioethanol produced through the SSF method. Pretreatment of OPEFB to decompose lignin is done by soaking it in alkaline solution. Hydrolysis is carried out enzymatically with cellulase enzyme within 48 hours in incubator shaker. The process is then followed by fermentation within 12 hours by adding Zymomonas mobilis inoculum. The research method was done experimentally with descriptive analysis, which included the effects of OPEFB substrate concentration (3% 6% 9% 12% 15% on ethanol production. The result shows that the high concentrations of substrate in the medium increase the concentration of glucose, in which the highest concentration is 3.2 g/L. The higher the substrate loading resulted in lower hydrolysis yield and ethanol yield. The highest ethanol concentration is 0.25 g/L, obtained from fermenting 9% OPEFB loading in 3 hours.