nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Attention for Context aware Neural Machine Translation
Venue: NAACL
Year: 2019

Despite the progress made in sentence level NMT, current systems still fall short at achieving fluent, good quality translation for a full document. Recent works in context aware NMT consider only a few previous sentences as context and may not scale to entire documents. To this end, we propose a novel and scalable top down approach to hierarchical attention for context aware NMT which uses sparse attention to selectively focus on relevant sentences in the document context and then attends to key words in those sentences. We also propose single level attention approaches based on sentence or word level information in the context. The document level context representation, produced from these attention modules, is integrated into the encoder or decoder of the Transformer model depending on whether we use monolingual or bilingual context. Our experiments and evaluation on English German datasets in different document MT settings show that our selective attention approach not only significantly outperforms context agnostic baselines but also surpasses context aware baselines in most cases.
First principles calculations on the interface of the Al/TiC aluminum matrix composites
Year: 2020

The Al TiC composites with different TiC contents were synthesized by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure and tensile properties were investigated by the experimental tests. In order to theoretically clarify the properties of interface between the matrix and particles, the atomic structure, ideal work of adhesion (Wad) and electronic structure of Al/TiC interface were calculated by first principles method based on the interfacial relationship between Al and TiC. For the crystal structures of Al(1 2 1)/TiC(1 1 1) interface, the Wad value of C terminated Al(1 2 1)/TiC(1 1 1) interfaces were much larger than the Wad value of Ti terminated Al(1 2 1)/TiC(1 1 1) interfaces. The charge density difference, Bader charges and density of state (DOS) analyses of Al(1 2 1)/TiC(1 1 1) interface suggested that the interfacial bonding was mainly attributed to the Al C ionic bonding and covalent bonding, as well as the Al Ti metallic bonding. The Al C ionic bonding and covalent bonding was stronger than the Al Ti metallic bonding.
The effects of menstrual cycle phase on physical performance in female soccer players
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2017

Female soccer has grown extensively in recent years, however differences in gender specific physiology have rarely been considered. The female reproductive hormones which rise and fall throughout the menstrual cycle, are known to affect numerous cardiovascular, respiratory, thermoregulatory and metabolic parameters, which in turn, may have implications on exercise physiology and soccer performance. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate potential effects of menstrual cycle phase on performance in soccer specific tests.  Nine sub elite female soccer players, all of whom have menstrual cycles of physiological length; performed a series of physical performance tests (Yo Yo Intermittent endurance test (Yo Yo IET) counter movement jump (CMJ) and 3x30 m sprints) These were conducted at distinct time points during two main phases of the menstrual cycle (early follicular phase (FP) and mid luteal phase (LP) where hormones contrasted at their greatest magnitude.  Yo Yo IET performance was considerably lower during the mid LP (2833+ 896 m) as compared to the early FP (3288+ 800 m) A trend towards significance was observed (p 0.07) and the magnitude based inferences suggested probabilities of 0/61/39 for superiority/equality/inferiority of performance during the mid LP, leading to the inference of a possibly harmful effect. For CMJ (early FP, 20.0+ 3.9 cm; mid LP 29.6+ 3.0 cm, p 0.33) and sprint (early FP, 4.7+ 0.1 s; mid LP, 4.7+ 0.1 s, p 0.96) performances the results were unclear (8/24/68, 48/0/52, respectively)  The results of this study are in support of a reduction in maximal endurance performance during the mid LP of the menstrual cycle. However, the same effect was not observed for jumping and sprint performance. Therefore, consideration of cycle phase when monitoring a player's endurance capacity may be worthwhile.
Leverage Label and Word Embedding for Semantic Sparse Web Service Discovery
Year: 2020

Information retrieval based Web service discovery approach suffers from the semantic sparsity problem caused by lacking of statistical information when the Web services are described in short texts. To handle this problem, external information is often utilized to improve the discovery performance. Inspired by this, we propose a novel Web service discovery approach based on a neural topic model and leveraging Web service labels. More specifically, words in Web services are mapped into continuous embeddings, and labels are integrated by a neural topic model simultaneously for embodying external semantics of the Web service description. Based on the topic model, the services are interpreted into hierarchical models for building a service querying and ranking model. Extensive experiments on several datasets demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves improved performance in terms of F measure. The results also suggest that leveraging external information is useful for semantic sparse Web service discovery.
Does Technical Debt Lead to the Rejection of Pull Requests?
Venue: CloudCom 2016
Year: 2016

Technical Debt is a term used to classify non optimal solutions during software development. These solutions cause several maintenance problems and hence they should be avoided or at least documented. Although there are a considered number of studies that focus on the identification of Technical Debt, we focus on the identification of Technical Debt in pull requests. Specifically, we conduct an investigation to reveal the different types of Technical Debt that can lead to the rejection of pull requests. From the analysis of 1,722 pull requests, we classify Technical Debt in seven categories namely design, documentation, test, build, project convention, performance, or security debt. Our results indicate that the most common category of Technical Debt is design with 39.34% followed by test with 23.70% and project convention with 15.64% We also note that the type of Technical Debt influences on the size of push request discussions, e.g. security and project convention debts instigate more discussion than the other types.
CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE EL B LEARNING EN EL PROCESO DE ENSENANZA Y APRENDIZAJE CONSIDERATIONS ON B LEARNING IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
Year: 2019

La finalidad del presente trabajo es conocer la relevancia e impacto que ha tenido el blended learning o b learning tanto en los procesos de ensenanza y aprendizaje como en la literatura cientifica. Este nuevo enfoque metodologico, tambien denominado mixto o hibrido, resulta de la combinacion de la ensenanza presencial con la virtual a traves de plataformas formativas, con la intencion de explotar las potencialidades que presenta cada tipo de ensenanza. Esta mezcla propicia un cambio en los paradigmas educativos, fomentando un cambio en el rol de los principales agentes que intervienen en las instituciones escolares. El discente se convierte en el principal actor de todo el proceso, construyendo su propio aprendizaje, y el docente se transforma en un guia y orientador del alumno. Tras la revision del estado de la cuestion se concluye que el b learning contribuye al fomento de la competencia digital y a la inclusion de las Tecnologias de la Informacion y Comunicacion en el ambito escolar. Ademas, presenta una serie de ventajas con respecto a la ensenanza tradicional, como la flexibilidad de espacios y tiempos, la adecuacion a las singularidades de cada alumno, la personalizacion, el aumento de la participacion de los estudiantes, la colaboracion entre ellos, la comunicacion, la resolucion instantanea de problemas, el acceso y disponibilidad de los recursos, y la interaccion entre docente discente y discente discente. A pesar de ello, presenta inconvenientes como el trabajo del docente en entornos virtuales fuera del horario escolar y la escasa participacion de alumnos introvertidos.
Prise en charge de la myopie infantile par le collyre d'atropine 0,1 mg/mL analyse de la cohorte de patients depuis 2016
Venue: Le Pharmacien Hospitalier et Clinicien
Year: 2019

La myopie juvenile est un trouble de la vision commun en France qui se declare vers 6 ans et qui progresse avec une perte d'environ 0,5D jusqu'a 15 16 ans. Cette pathologie conduit a un risque accru de troubles visuels severes tels qu'un decollement retinien, une degeneration choroidienne, une cataracte ou un glaucome. Plusieurs etudes ont prouve l'interet de l'administration journaliere d'atropine a faible concentration pour bloquer l'evolution de la myopie juvenile. Le dosage de 0,1 mg/mL presente la meilleure balance benefice risque. Pour repondre aux demandes, un collyre d'atropine a 0,1 mg/mL a ete developpe a partir de la specialite a 10 mg/mL. La stabilite physico chimique et microbiologique de cette preparation hospitaliere est de 6 mois a temperature ambiante. L'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier notre cohorte de patients depuis la mise a disposition du collyre d'atropine 0,1 mg/mL soit de mai 2016 a aout 2018. Materiels et methode Les prescriptions de collyre d'atropine dispense en retrocession ont ete extraites du logiciel Phedra(r) Les elements suivants ont ete releves evolution de la file active au cours du temps, age et sexe des patients, posologie et origine des prescripteurs. Resultats et discussion La file active de patients augmente de facon lineaire sur la periode etudiee pour atteindre 64 patients en aout 2018. Quatre vingt trois pour cent des patients ont entre 6 et 15 ans, 9 entre 2 et 5 ans et 9 entre 16 et 29 ans. Il s'agit en majorite de filles 58 vs 42 Les durees de traitement sont tres variables de 1 mois a 2 ans a ce jour. La posologie est systematiquement de 1 goutte par jour dans les deux yeux. L'administration est preconisee tantot le matin tantot le soir selon une repartition 50/50. On note une democratisation de la prescription avec une origine uniquement hospitaliere en 2016, puis une part de prescriptions de ville qui augmente egalement de facon lineaire.  L'augmentation de notre file active est le reflet du probleme croissant de la myopie dans les pays developpes lie probablement a l'utilisation intensive des ecrans par les enfants allant de pair avec une moindre exposition a la lumiere naturelle. Cette etude montre une heterogeneite du mode d'administration tantot le soir tantot le matin. Or, dans la litterature une administration le soir etait plutot preconisee pour limiter le risque d'effets indesirables. A ce jour, et compte tenu de la diversite de l'origine des prescriptions, il n'a pas ete possible de recueillir des donnees d'efficacite clinique. Une etude de plus grande envergure evaluant l'effet du traitement par collyre d'atropine faiblement dose par rapport aux prises en charge non pharmacologiques serait utile.
Feeding the developing brain: Juvenile rats fed diet rich in prebiotics and bioactive milk fractions exhibit reduced anxiety related behavior and modified gene expression in emotion circuits
Venue: Neuroscience Letters
Year: 2018

Early life nutrition is critical for brain development. Dietary prebiotics and bioactive milk fractions support brain development by increasing plasticity and altering activity in brain regions important for cognition and emotion regulation, perhaps through the gut microbiome brain axis. Here we examined the impact of a diet containing prebiotics, lactoferrin, and milk fat globule membrane (test diet) on beneficial gut bacteria, basal gene expression for activity and plasticity markers within brain circuits important for cognition and anxiety, and anxiety related behavior in the open field. Juvenile male F344 rats were fed the test diet or a calorically matched control diet beginning postnatal day 24. After 4 weeks on diets, rats were sacrificed and brains were removed. Test diet significantly increased mRNA expression for cfos, brain derived neurotropic factor, and the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor in the prefrontal cortex and reduced cfos mRNA within the amygdala. Diet induced increases in fecal Lactobacillus spp. measured using selective bacterial culture, positively correlated with altered gene expression for cfos and serotonin receptors within multiple brain regions. In a separate cohort of juvenile rats, 4 weeks of the test diet increased time spent in the center of the open field, a behavior indicative of reduced anxiety. These data demonstrate that early life diets containing prebiotics and bioactive milk fractions can adaptively alter genes in neural circuits underlying emotion regulation and impact anxiety related behavior.
Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: Redox pathways in molecular medicine
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018

Aerobic life in humans imposes the hazard of excess oxidation in cell and tissue components that may compromise cell function and viability. The formation and accumulation of oxidized products in biomolecules such as proteins and lipids are observed in various pathologies and during the normal aging process. This review article aims to integrate some early and remarkable discoveries in the field, with more recent developments that helped to define a causative role of oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite in human physiology and pathology. These aspects of human redox biochemistry contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of diseases and aging and open avenues for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies in molecular medicine. Oxygen derived free radicals and related oxidants are ubiquitous and short lived intermediates formed in aerobic organisms throughout life. These reactive species participate in redox reactions leading to oxidative modifications in biomolecules, among which proteins and lipids are preferential targets. Despite a broad array of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in mammalian cells and microbes, excess oxidant formation causes accumulation of new products that may compromise cell function and structure leading to cell degeneration and death. Oxidative events are associated with pathological conditions and the process of normal aging. Notably, physiological levels of oxidants also modulate cellular functions via homeostatic redox sensitive cell signaling cascades. On the other hand, nitric oxide *NO) a free radical and weak oxidant, represents a master physiological regulator via reversible interactions with heme proteins. The bioavailability and actions of *NO are modulated by its fast reaction with superoxide radical (O2* which yields an unusual and reactive peroxide, peroxynitrite, representing the merging of the oxygen radicals and *NO pathways. In this Inaugural Article, I summarize early and remarkable developments in free radical biochemistry and the later evolution of the field toward molecular medicine; this transition includes our contributions disclosing the relationship of *NO with redox intermediates and metabolism. The biochemical characterization, identification, and quantitation of peroxynitrite and its role in disease processes have concentrated much of our attention. Being a mediator of protein oxidation and nitration, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, peroxynitrite represents both a pathophysiologically relevant endogenous cytotoxin and a cytotoxic effector against invading pathogens.
Are highly cited papers more international?
Venue: Scientometrics
Year: 2009

Several bibliometric studies have shown that international or multicountry papers are generally more cited than domestic or single country papers. Does this also hold for the most cited papers? In this study, the citation impact of domestic versus international papers is analyzed by comparing the share of international papers among the hundred most cited papers in four research specialities, from three universities, four cities and two countries. It is concluded that international papers are not well represented among high impact papers in research specialities, but dominate highly cited papers from small countries, and from cities and institutions within them. The share of international papers among highly cited papers is considerably higher during 2001 2008 compared to earlier years for institutions, cities and countries, but somewhat less for two of the research fields and slightly higher for the other two. Above all, domestic papers from the USA comprise about half of the highly cited papers in the research specialities.
Small Regulatory RNAs in Bacteria
Year: 2006

In recent years, small regulatory RNAs have been discovered at a staggering rate both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. By now it is clear that post transcriptional regulation of gene expression mediated by such RNAs is the rule rather than as previously believed the exception. In this chapter, we focus on small RNAs (sRNAs) encoded by bacterial chromosomes. The strategies for their discovery, their biological roles, and their mechanisms of action are discussed. Even though the number of well characterized sRNAs in, for example, the best studied model enterobacterium Escherichia coli, is still small, the emerging pattern suggests that antisense mechanisms predominate. In terms of their roles in bacterial physiology, most of these RNAs appear to be involved in stress response regulation. Some other examples indicate functions in regulation of virulence. Two aspects of sRNA mediated control arising from recent observations are addressed as well. Firstly, some sRNAs need proteins (notably Hfq) as helpers in their antisense activities at this point the reason for this requirement is not understood. Secondly, only limited sequence complementarity is generally observed in antisense target RNA pairs. This raises the fundamental question of how specific recognition is accomplished, and what the structure/sequence determinants for rapid and productive interaction are.
Beyond the Coverage of Information Spreading: Analytical and Empirical Evidence of Re exposure in Large scale Online Social Networks.
Year: 2019

Peer influence and social contagion are key denominators in the adoption and participation of information spreading, such as news propagation, word of mouth or viral marketing. In this study, we argue that it is biased to only focus on the scale and coverage of information spreading, and propose that the level of influence reinforcement, quantified by the re exposure rate, i.e. the rate of individuals who are repeatedly exposed to the same information, should be considered together to measure the effectiveness of spreading. We show that local network structural characteristics significantly affects the probability of being exposed or re exposed to the same information. After analyzing trending news on the super large scale online network of Sina Weibo (China's Twitter) with 430 million connected users, we find a class of users with extremely low exposure rate, even they are following tens of thousands of others; and the re exposure rate is substantially higher for news with more transmission waves and stronger secondary forwarding. While exposure and re exposure rate typically grow together with the scale of spreading, we find exceptional cases where it is possible to achieve a high exposure rate while maintaining low re exposure rate, or vice versa.
OUTLIER ROBUST IDENTIFICATION OF THE THERMAL POWER PLANT: COMBUSTION CONTROL AND VIBRATORY TRANSPORT
Year: 2020

The goal of this paper is to contribute to environmental improvement. This goal has been achieved by the development of an algorithm that allows the optimization of fuel consumption and transport of combustion products. The paper considers the outlier robust recursive algorithm. This algorithm is used for identification of multivariable ARMAX (Autoregressive Moving Average with Exogenous Variables) models. In this paper, we introduce pseudo Huber loss function which is a continuous nonlinear approximation of Huber loss function and which has derivatives of all degrees. The structure of the recursive algorithm is: the relation for parameter estimation is based on Huber function and the relation for matrix gain is based on pseudo Huber function. The novelty of this work is a new robust algorithm for recursive identification of MIMO ARMAX models. The main contributions of the paper are: (i) the new form of the extended least squares algorithm based on mixed Huber and pseudo Huber functions; (ii) approximation of the second derivative of pseudo Huber loss function and exact determination of matrix gain of the algorithm using the Laplace function. A special case of the algorithm, in this paper, is standard linear extended least squares algorithm. The results can be extended to an area of adaptive control, prediction, and filtering. They are suitable for practical processes such as thermal processes, vibration transport of bulk materials and other processes with multiple input variables. Practical behaviour of robust recursive procedure is illustrated by simulations.
Biogas production by thermal hydrolysis and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
Year: 2019

This chapter presents a review of biogas production from activated sludge using thermal hydrolysis (TH) and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) Due to the sewage sludge complex floc structure and the presence of a cell wall, the rate limiting step of AD is hydrolysis. This discussion includes general information about a number of methods used to enhance sewage sludge hydrolysis and biogas production. The mechanism of the disintegration process and its effect on AD are also presented. Upgrading the anaerobic biodegradability of activated sludge by thermal pretreatment methods is the main topic of this chapter. The recent research achievements in this area, as well as commercially implemented technologies (e.g. CambiTHP, BIOTHELYS) are included, as are the economic aspect of implementation of TH pretreatment and thermophilic AD in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)
Job related Stress among Nurses in Selected Hospitals of Pokhara, Nepal
Year: 2020

Nursing is considered as one of the most stressful and demanding profession. In the health care organizations, work stress may contribute to absenteeism and turnover, both of which detract from the quality of care. The aim of this study was to assess the job related stress and to identify and compare the factors associated with job stress among nurses' working in selected hospitals of Pokhara, Nepal.  The descriptive research design based on simple random sampling method was used. The sample size was 238. The data was collected using self administered questionnaire consisted of socio demographic information and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis.  The study findings showed that majority of nurses were in moderate level of stress and 'patients and their families' were the most stressful factors perceived by both government and private hospital nurses. 'Problems with peers' was the least stressful factor perceived by both group of nurses and experiencing 'discrimination' was also the least stressful factors for private hospital nurses. Furthermore, a chi square test revealed significant association between work setting and job stress in government hospital nurses.  Nurses working in the both government and private hospitals were working under stressful conditions.