nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Raped! The Indian polity in shambles (guest blog)
Year: 2013

A 23 year old student, varyingly named by the media as the treasure (Amanat) the light (Jyoti) or the fearless (Nirbhaya) died, after being gang raped and tortured with an iron rod by 6 drunk men on a moving bus in the Indian capital New Delhi on 16th December 2012. The capital, and some other cities, erupted in unprecedented protests which began online, then went offline and continued through the New Year demanding not just the gallows for the rapists, but a reform of the Indian penal code which provides little for sexual crimes, let alone sexual crimes of this kind most of which are not caught or reported, let alone dealt with, legally. Former Polis Silverstone Scholar Ranjana Das, now teaching at the University of Leicester, reports on the deeper, disturbing politics of gender, image and power in India that have been exposed by this case.
E Waste Recycling Awareness in Young Adults in Malaysia: An Interactive Courseware
Year: 2021

E waste is becoming one of the fastest growing waste globally with an estimation of 1.11 million metric tonnes in 2020 due to the rapid growth of electronic and electrical waste. Improper recycling of e waste will expose the hazardous compounds contained in e waste such as lead, mercury which harmful to human health resulting in serious illness. However, e waste is crucial not only because of the hazardous effect of the chemical waste but also the potential for wealth creation from the proper extraction of precious materials such as silver, gold. This paper describes the requirement design and strategies for an interactive courseware to educate the youth on e waste information and the proper way to discard them. This courseware development is guided by the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology. A post study survey is conducted to get the user's feedback on E waste interactive courseware.
Learning inventory management strategies for commodity supply chains with customer satisfaction
Venue: ICEC '06
Year: 2006

In this paper, we look at a supply chain of commodity goods where customer demand is uncertain and partly based on reputation, and where raw material replenishment is uncertain in both the amount that is available, as well as the price to pay. Successful participation in such supply chains requires a good inventory management strategy. Actors must find a balance between inventory costs and client satisfaction: structurally high inventory costs reduces the profit, but customers that are faced with a depleted supplier will lose confidence and next time purchase from a competitor. This paper presents a model and a simulation environment to learn successful strategies for participation in this type of supply chains. We combine evolutionary algorithms with logistic theories, and use them in a case in a petrochemical setting. We show that software agents are capable of learning basic and more complex strategies, and that complex learned strategies perform better than basic learned strategies.
Novel Molecular Tools for Metabolic Engineering to Improve Microalgae Based Biofuel Production
Year: 2018

Biofuels are derived from biological material. They are an environmentally friendly, low cost, and renewable energy source, making them potential fuels to replace nonrenewable fossil fuel. Over time, biofuel production technology/methodology has gone through several generations, from the simplest means of production (conversion of simple sugars into biofuel) to the current, more complicated means of production (using novel plant biotechnology) The next generation of biofuel production will involve genetic engineering to improve yields, especially metabolic pathway engineering. Both macroalgae and microalgae sources offer an alternative to fossil based fuels. Single celled microalgae use carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce energy. They provide an attractive alternative, due to the significance of their lipid yield, which can be further processed into biofuels and valuable coproducts. The use of microalgae to produce biofuels reduces overall carbon emission without taking away the lands needed for food crops. Despite vigorous research, deployment of large scale algae based biofuel production still faces challenges, including high demands of input (water, nutrients, CO2, etc. for algal growth. Genetic engineering of algal metabolic pathways holds potential for generating high lipid yields with minimal input. In this chapter, we discuss the use of modern molecular tools for metabolic engineering to improve microalgae based biofuel production. These include multiple gene transformation, site specific gene stacking, and precise gene/allele modification with currently developed genome editing technology, such as CRISPR/Cas9 system.
Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Increase Trust in Computer Vision
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Computer Vision, and hence Artificial Intelligence based extraction of information from images, has increasingly received attention over the last years, for instance in medical diagnostics. While the algorithms' complexity is a reason for their increased performance, it also leads to the "black box" problem, consequently decreasing trust towards AI. In this regard, "Explainable Artificial Intelligence" (XAI) allows to open that black box and to improve the degree of AI transparency. In this paper, we first discuss the theoretical impact of explainability on trust towards AI, followed by showcasing how the usage of XAI in a health related setting can look like. More specifically, we show how XAI can be applied to understand why Computer Vision, based on deep learning, did or did not detect a disease (malaria) on image data (thin blood smear slide images) Furthermore, we investigate, how XAI can be used to compare the detection strategy of two different deep learning models often used for Computer  Convolutional Neural Network and Multi Layer Perceptron. Our empirical results show that i) the AI sometimes used questionable or irrelevant data features of an image to detect malaria (even if correctly predicted) and ii) that there may be significant discrepancies in how different deep learning models explain the same prediction. Our theoretical discussion highlights that XAI can support trust in Computer Vision systems, and AI systems in general, especially through an increased understandability and predictability.
Exploiting the Potential of Standard Convolutional Autoencoders for Image Restoration by Evolutionary Search
Venue: ICML
Year: 2018

Researchers have applied deep neural networks to image restoration tasks, in which they proposed various network architectures, loss functions, and training methods. In particular, adversarial training, which is employed in recent studies, seems to be a key ingredient to success. In this paper, we show that simple convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) built upon only standard network components, i.e. convolutional layers and skip connections, can outperform the state of the art methods which employ adversarial training and sophisticated loss functions. The secret is to employ an evolutionary algorithm to automatically search for good architectures. Training optimized CAEs by minimizing the \ell_2$ loss between reconstructed images and their ground truths using the ADAM optimizer is all we need. Our experimental results show that this approach achieves 27.8 dB peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) on the CelebA dataset and 40.4 dB on the SVHN dataset, compared to 22.8 dB and 33.0 dB provided by the former state of the art methods, respectively.
Butanediol production from glycerol and glucose by Serratia marcescens isolated from tropical peat soil
Year: 2020

Six bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis LQOB SE1, Bacillus coagulans LQOB SE2, Bacillus pumilus LQOB SE3, Brevibacillus brevis LQOB SE4, Lysinibacillus sp. LQOB SE5 and Serratia marcescens LQOB SE6, isolated from a tropical peat soil, were assessed for 2,3 butanediol (2,3 BD) production by fermentation of glucose and glycerol. Only S. marcescens LQOB SE6 strain was capable of producing 2,3 BD from both glucose and glycerol fermentation, and this process was optimized by changes in fermentation parameters. The best conditions for glycerol fermentation were initial pH 7.0, 8 g L 1 nutrient broth, 50 g L 1 substrate, and an incubation time of seven days, with 2,3 BD yield of 0.30 g g 1, and productivity of 0.13 g L 1 h 1. The best conditions for glucose fermentation were initial pH 7.0, 8 g L 1 nutrient broth, 75 g L 1 substrate, and an incubation time of five days, with 2,3 BD yield of 0.42 g g 1 and productivity of 0.15 g L 1 h 1. meso 2,3 butanediol was the only stereoisomer obtained from glucose fermentation, while glycerol fermentation also produced smaller amounts of (2R,3R) 2,3 butanediol.
3D covalent organic framework for morphologically induced high performance membranes with strong resistance toward physical aging
Venue: Journal of Membrane Science
Year: 2019

The physicochemical properties of filler materials are critical considerations influencing the separation performances of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) Herein, a three dimensional covalent organic framework (3D COF) with a secondary amine containing backbone was designed to offer large surface area, high porosity and good affinity toward CO2 molecules. Membranes prepared from this 3D COF filler and a 6FDA DAM polyimide matrix demonstrated a more significant enhancement in the CO2/CH4 separation performance, which was unattainable by its 2D COF analogue. Specifically, with 10 and 15 wt% loadings of 3D COF fillers, the MMMs membranes were able to enhance the CO2 permeability by ~57% and 140% respectively, at a comparable, if not better, CO2/CH4 selectivity than the unfilled membrane. Furthermore, glassy polymers of high fractional free volume such as 6FDA DAM tend to suffer from a ubiquitous loss in performance over time due to a physical aging effect. In this regard, the 3D COF was effective in slowing down the aging process by capitalizing on its high surface area and amine functional groups to immobilize and rigidify the 6FDA DAM polymer chains, preventing the collapse of the free volume. This allows 97% of the initial membrane performances to be effectively retained after 240 days of aging. Our findings suggest the potential of morphologically tuned COFs to develop high performance MMMs with strong practical relevance.
Teachers' professional identity development through action research
Year: 2018

This article investigates the development of teachers' professional identity during and after engaging in research at a Turkish university, which promotes action research as a key professional development strategy for language teachers. The teachers in this study carried out a process of engaging in research over four years, which presented an opportunity to investigate the development of their professional identities. The results may inform other contexts across the world where the concept of teachers engaging in research is gaining momentum. Finally, we discuss insights into how the professional identity of these teachers developed through action research.
The variant [S] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juarez
Year: 2017

A characteristic feature of the Spanish spoken in the Mexican state of Chihuahua is the pronunciation of the standard phoneme /tS/ as a non standard allophone [S] The present study analyzes the social and linguistic factors that influence variation in the Mexico United States border community of Ciudad Juarez. Direct and indirect elicitations techniques were used to gather tokens of /tS/ from a sample of 40 local speakers who varied in age, sex, socioeconomic status, education level, and degree of bilingualism. The data was perceptually and acoustically interpreted and then statistically examined using variable rules analysis. On the linguistic side, the results show that [s] [i] [u] in preceding phonological context favor weakening. On the social side, the most prone participants to produce [S] were: young men from low socioeconomic status, regardless of being Spanish monolinguals or Spanish English sequential bilinguals. These findings indicate an ongoing gender shift with respect to previous research in the same community.
Sound Event Detection in Synthetic Domestic Environments
Venue: ICASSP 2020 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Year: 2020

We present a comparative analysis of the performance of state of the art sound event detection systems. In particular, we study the robustness of the systems to noise and signal degradation, which is known to impact model generalization. Our analysis is based on the results of task 4 of the DCASE 2019 challenge, where submitted systems were evaluated on, in addition to real world recordings, a series of synthetic soundscapes that allow us to carefully control for different soundscape characteristics. Our results show that while overall systems exhibit significant improvements compared to previous work, they still suffer from biases that could prevent them from generalizing to real world scenarios.
Microstrip Bandpass Filter with Reconfigurable Notch Response at 5.2 GHz using Defected Microstrip Structure
Year: 2016

An investigation of a new design of short circuit stub wideband bandpass filter integrated with reconfigurable notch characteristic is presented. The wideband bandpass filter was designed from a quarter wavelength short circuit stub with folded topology in order to reduce overall physical dimension. The U shaped DMS was designed on a microstrip line by defecting the bandpass filter. The reconfigurable characteristic was then realized by introducing PIN diode (BAP 64 02) as a switching element that is placed on top of the U shaped DMS. When the diode was OFF, it produced a wideband bandpass response from 3.0 GHz to 6.0 GHz. On the other hand, when the PIN diode was ON, a sharp rejection of notch response at 5.2 GHz with a very low passband transmission coefficient was finally demonstrated. This type of filter is very useful in radar and wireless communication systems.
A Study on the C E Translation of Expressions with Chinese Characteristics in 2017 National Government Work Report from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence
Year: 2018

Nowadays China plays an increasingly important role in international arena and draws great attention from all over the world. Government Work Report (GWR) reflects the latest and most authoritative work of the present situation in China, which not only summarizes the past work experience, but also puts forward the future work plan. The C E translation of 2017 GWR is a good reference for people who are interested in C E translation of political texts and provides a glimpse of China's national conditions for foreign countries. Considering the linguistic and cultural differences between Chinese and English, the author studies the expressions with Chinese characteristics in the 2017 Government Work Report (2017GWR) from perspective of functional equivalence.
C/C++Yu Yan Zhong Shu Ju Jie Gou "Lian He "De Zheng Que Shi Yong
Year: 2012

Lian He Shi C/C++Cheng Xu She Ji Zhong De Yi Chong Shu Ju Jie Gou ,Shi Ji Suan Ji Cheng Xu He Wei Kong Zhi Qi Deng Qian Ru Shi Xi Tong Zhong Fei Chang Zhong Yao De Bian Cheng Shou Duan ,Dan Guo Wang Jiao Duo De Jiao Cai Zhong Dui Qi Zai CYu Yan Zhong De Shi Yong Cun Zai Zhao Yi Ding De Pian Chai Yin Ci ,Tong Guo Xiang Xi De Li Zi Dui Qi Gong Yong Zhong Xin Jin Xing Liao Xiang Xi De Chan Shu ,Biao Ming Zai CYu Yan Bian Yi Zhong ,Lian He Zhong Ding Yi De Suo You Bian Liang Du Shi Tong Shi You Xiao De ,Qi Zhu  De Zai Yu Fang Bian Shu Ju Zhuan Huan Zai Shi Ji Shi Yong Zhong Ke Yi Dui Ji Suan Ji De Ge Chong Bing Xing Jie Kou Chuan Xing Jie Kou Deng Hen Duo De Shu Ru /Shu Chu Kong Zhi ,She Ji Chu Xiang Ying De Lian He Jie Gou ,Da Da Fang Bian Liao Kong Zhi Cheng Xu De She Ji
Reexamination of Accelerometer Calibration with Energy Expenditure as Criterion: VO2net Instead of MET for Age Equivalent Physical Activity Intensity
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2019

Accelerometer calibration for physical activity (PA) intensity is commonly performed using Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) as criterion. However, MET is not an age equivalent measure of PA intensity, which limits the use of MET calibrated accelerometers for age related PA investigations. We investigated calibration using VO2net (VO2gross VO2stand; mLmin 1kg 1) as criterion compared to MET (VO2gross/VO2rest) and the effect on assessment of free living PA in children, adolescents and adults. Oxygen consumption and hip/thigh accelerometer data were collected during rest, stand and treadmill walk and run. Equivalent speed (Speedeq) was used as indicator of the absolute speed (Speedabs) performed with the same effort in individuals of different body size/age. The results showed that VO2net was higher in younger age groups for Speedabs, but was similar in the three age groups for Speedeq. MET was lower in younger age groups for both Speedabs and Speedeq. The same VO2net values respective MET values were applied to all age groups to develop accelerometer PA intensity cut points. Free living moderate and vigorous PA was 216, 115, 74 and 71 min/d in children, adolescents, younger and older adults with VO2net calibration, but 140, 83, 74 and 41 min/d with MET calibration, respectively. In conclusion, VO2net calibration of accelerometers may provide age equivalent measures of PA intensity/effort for more accurate age related investigations of PA in epidemiological research.
Desain Frekuensi Kontrol pada Hibrid Wind Diesel dengan PID Diferensial Evolusi
Year: 2015

Abstrak Paper ini membahas desain kontrol frekuensi beban pada hibrid wind diesel menggunakan Metode Cerdas untuk mencari nilai optimum Proporsional Intergral Derivatif (PID) mengunakan program Matlab/Simulink. Dalam penerapannya sistem wind diesel dikontrol dengan kontroler PID, namun dalam penyetelan nilai gain dari PID masih dalam metode trial error saja, sehingga sulit untuk mendapatkan nilai optimum dari PID. Fungsi transfer dari diagram turbin angin dan diesel digunakan untuk pemodelan wind diesel. Respon sistem menggunakan Simulink/ Matlab dibandingkan dengan sistem tak terkontrol dan dengan metode PID Trial Error. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan besar overshoot dan respon keadaan mantap (Settling Time) pada sistem terkontrol PID Diferensial Evolusi (DEVO) menjadi berkurang dan lebih cepat.
Y Doped Sb2Te3 Phase Change Materials: Towards a Universal Memory.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces
Year: 2020

The disadvantages of high power consumption and slow operating speed hinder the application of phase change materials for a universal memory. In this work, based on rigorous experimental scheme, we synthesized a series of YxSb2 xTe3 (0<=x<=0.333) phase change materials and demonstrated that Y0.25Sb1.75Te3 (YST) is an excellent candidate material for the universal phase change memory. This YST phase change material, even being integrated into a conventional T shaped device, exhibits ultra low reset power consumption of 1.3 pJ and a competitive fast set speed of 6 ns. The ultra low power consumption is attributed to the Y reduced thermal and electrical conductivity, while the maintained crystal structure of Sb2Te3 and the grain refinement provide the competitive fast crystallization speed. This work highlights a novel way to obtain new phase change materials with lower power consumption and competitive fast speed towards a universal memory.
Chromosome divergence during evolution of the tetraploid clawed frogs, Xenopus mellotropicalis and Xenopus epitropicalis as revealed by Zoo FISH
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2017

Whole genome duplication (WGD) generates new species and genomic redundancy. In African clawed frogs of the genus Xenopus, this phenomenon has been especially important in that (i) all but one extant species are polyploid and (ii) whole genome sequences of some species provide an evidence for genomic rearrangements prior to or after WGD. Within Xenopus in the subgenus Silurana, at least one allotetraploidization event gave rise to three extant tetraploid (2n 4x 40) species Xenopus mellotropicalis, X. epitropicalis, and X. calcaratus but it is not yet clear the degree to which these tetraploid genomes experienced rearrangements prior to or after allotetraploidization. To explore genome evolution during diversification of these species, we performed cytogenetic analyses of X. mellotropicalis, including assessment of the localization of nucleolar organizer region, chromosome banding, and determination of the p/q arm ratios for each chromosome pair. We compared these data to a previously characterized karyotype of X. epitropicalis. Morphometric, C banding and Zoo FISH data support a previously hypothesized common allotetraploid predecessor of these species. Zoo FISH with whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes derived from the closely related diploid species X. tropicalis confirmed the existence of ten chromosomal quartets in X. mellotropicalis somatic cells, as expected by its ploidy level and tetraploid ancestry. The p/q arm ratio of chromosome 2a was found to be substantially different between X. mellotropicalis (0.81) and X. epitropicalis (0.67) but no substantial difference between these two species was detected in this ratio for the homoeologous chromosome pair 2b, or for other chromosome pairs. Additionally, we identified variation between these two species in the locations of a heterochromatic block on chromosome pair 2a. These results are consistent with a dynamic history of genomic rearrangements before and/or after genome duplication, a surprising finding given the otherwise relatively conserved genomic structure of most frogs.
Low adhesion superhydrophobic AZ31B magnesium alloy surface with corrosion resistant and anti bioadhesion properties
Year: 2020

Low adhesion superhydrophobic surface plays a critical role in improving corrosion resistant and anti bioadhesion properties of the substrates. In this study, a low adhesion superhydrophobic surface with robust hierarchical rough structure has been successfully fabricated on the AZ31B magnesium alloy via a facile and green two step in situ immersion method and post modification with stearic acid (SA) which are carried out at room temperature without oxidants, high temperature, or pressure. The two step in situ immersion method involves a pre immersion in a low concentration MnSO4 solution and a post immersion in a high concentration MnSO4 solution, which enhances the interfacial bonding between the coating and substrate and helps to increase the stability of superhydrophobic surface. The obtained superhydrophobic coating exhibits strong adhesive force to the surface of AZ31B with arbitrary shapes, ultralow adhesion to water, and robustness. The robust low adhesion superhydrophobic AZ31B (LAS Mg) strongly enhances corrosion resistance and displays anti bioadhesion property against proteins, bacteria, and cells adhesion. The results have suggested that the LAS Mg can be used in medical devices.
A Summary Of The Kernel Matrix, And How To Learn It Effectively Using Semidefinite Programming
Year: 2017

Kernel based learning algorithms are widely used in machine learning for problems that make use of the similarity between object pairs. Such algorithms first embed all data points into an alternative space, where the inner product between object pairs specifies their distance in the embedding space. Applying kernel methods to partially labeled datasets is a classical challenge in this regard, requiring that the distances between unlabeled pairs must somehow be learnt using the labeled data. In this independent study, I will summarize the work of G. Lanckriet et al.'s work on "Learning the Kernel Matrix with Semidefinite Programming" used in support vector machines (SVM) algorithms for the transduction problem. Throughout the report, I have provide alternative explanations derivations analysis related to this work which is designed to ease the understanding of the original article.