nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer in Intumescent Thermal Protective Coatings Under Radiative Heating
Year: 2016

Radiative heating of a metal plate protected by an intumescent coating layer has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Special aspects of physical modeling of intumescent coating heating on a test bench for radiative heating are considered. Heat resistance testing of metal structures is justified. A conjugate mathematical model of radiative conductive heat transfer in an intumesced material layer is proposed. The experimental and calculation data on the metal plate temperature beneath the coating are shown to agree well.
Queens Are Powerful Too: Mitigating Gender Bias in Dialogue Generation
Venue: EMNLP
Year: 2020

Models often easily learn biases present in the training data, and their predictions directly reflect this bias. We analyze gender bias in dialogue data, and examine how this bias is actually amplified in subsequent generative chit chat dialogue models. We measure gender bias in six existing dialogue datasets, and focus on the most biased one, the multi player text based fantasy adventure dataset LIGHT, as a testbed for our bias mitigation techniques. The LIGHT dataset is highly imbalanced with respect to gender, containing predominantly male characters, likely because it is entirely collected by crowdworkers and reflects common biases that exist in fantasy or medieval settings. We consider three techniques to mitigate gender bias: counterfactual data augmentation, targeted data collection, and bias controlled training. We show that our proposed techniques mitigate gender bias in LIGHT by balancing the genderedness of generated dialogue utterances and are particularly effective in combination. We quantify performance using various evaluation methods such as quantity of gendered words, a dialogue safety classifier, and human studies all of which show that our models generate less gendered, but equally engaging chit chat responses.
Quantifying Family Business Owners' Attitudes towards Succession: Delving Deeper by Random Forests
Year: 2020

Family businesses are the lifeblood of the economic growth of the nations. However, a large gap exists about the application of machine learning algorithms such as Random Forests (RF) to the quantification of patterns, drivers, and interactions in the succession process of family businesses. The primary aim and novelty of this study lie in the quantification of variable importance based on machine learning algorithms, and the differences among the characteristics of family businesses, family employees, and family business owners (FBOs) for multivariate responses. For this reason, a field study was carried out in family businesses in Sivas and Ardahan provinces. The questionnaire form created by the researchers was used in this study. In this research, RF classification model was applied. RF classification models of 17 response variables were constructed as a function of 32 predictors.Implications for Central European audience: Impacts of characteristics of FBOs, family businesses, and family employees on FBOs' willingness to transfer to successors and preferences about the successor's qualities were modelled. High dimensional data were collected from 53 family business owners (FBOs) in two cities for a total of 49 variables. As a result, the domain of the FBOs' characteristics was found to have a more profound impact on both FBO's willingness to transfer to a successor and what successor's qualities were most valued than did the domains of the family business and employee characteristics.
In Situ Slum Upgrading and Vernacular Architecture: Lessons for Kibera
Year: 2013

Slum proliferation has become a development conundrum in the rapidly growing cities across Africa. Interventions to combat persistent informality take many shapes, from in situ upgrading to complete eviction. Some urban planners have called for a rethinking of slum demolition programs to be replaced by those that value their mixed use livability. Spontaneous vernacular architecture, built from need and without formal design, reflects an urban lifestyle that could inform replication. In Kibera, the largest of the slums of Nairobi, Kenya, the Kenya Slum Upgrading Program, a United Nations and Government of Kenya upgrading program, has been riddled with controversy because it has failed to acknowledge that informal housing has important social benefits. Residents complain the upgrading is destructive in both a real physical sense, but also in the disintegration of specific networks and social interdependability. This paper, based on over seven years of participant observation in Kibera, will explore the controversy and suggests that inquiries into the social meanings embedded in vernacular architecture might better inform in situ design.
Accurate Initial State Estimation in a Monocular Visual Inertial SLAM System
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2018

The fusion of monocular visual and inertial cues has become popular in robotics, unmanned vehicles and augmented reality fields. Recent results have shown that optimization based fusion strategies outperform filtering strategies. Robust state estimation is the core capability for optimization based visual inertial Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems. As a result of the nonlinearity of visual inertial systems, the performance heavily relies on the accuracy of initial values (visual scale, gravity, velocity and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) biases) Therefore, this paper aims to propose a more accurate initial state estimation method. On the basis of the known gravity magnitude, we propose an approach to refine the estimated gravity vector by optimizing the two dimensional (2D) error state on its tangent space, then estimate the accelerometer bias separately, which is difficult to be distinguished under small rotation. Additionally, we propose an automatic termination criterion to determine when the initialization is successful. Once the initial state estimation converges, the initial estimated values are used to launch the nonlinear tightly coupled visual inertial SLAM system. We have tested our approaches with the public EuRoC dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can achieve good initial state estimation, the gravity refinement approach is able to efficiently speed up the convergence process of the estimated gravity vector, and the termination criterion performs well.
Quest for High Temperature and Functional Quantum Anomalous Hall States
Year: 2019

Author(s) Pan, Lei Advisor(s) Wang, Kang Lung  Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is the zero field version of the quantum Hall effect which shows dissipationless chiral edge electron transport and quantized Hall resistance without the help of external magnetic field. In this Dissertation, we study the growth of magnetic topological insulator (MTI) Cr doped (BiSb)2Te3 thin film, which is the host of the QAH states, using molecular beam epitaxy. We report the first observation of QAHE in a milli meter sized device with the thin film thickness beyond the two dimension (2D) limit. In addition, by controlling the thin film thickness down to the 2D limit, we observe a metal to insulator transition behavior due to the hybridization effect introduced by the vertical quantum confinement. We further investigate the temperature limiting factors of QAHE in the Cr doped (BiSb)2Te3 system by studying the thickness and doping effects. We identify that for thin film thickness larger than 6 quintuple layers (QLs) the limiting factor is the overlap of Fermi level with the trivial bulk band. For thin film thickness equal to 6 QLs, weak ferromagnetism and pronounced superparamagnetism are the temperature limiting factors. However, modulation doping technique can significantly strengthen the ferromagnetism at this thickness. In addition, the metal to insulator transition behavior can also be tuned according to the doping profile of the thin film which can potentially affect the phase transition behavior in this material system. To manipulate the QAH states, we investigate the heterogenous integration of the QAH insulator or TI with antiferromagnets. We first study the QAH insulator/Cr2O3 bilayer structure and realize the QAHE on a magnetically ordered system for the first time. We identify the positive exchange bias in this structure and discover the magnetic coupling between the two material systems using polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) We then study the undoped TI/CrSe heterostructure and realize the antiferromagnet induced magnetic proximity effect in the TI layer confirmed by both PNR and X ray magnetic dichroism techniques. We also discover the interface dependent proximity behavior in the heterostructure that may help our understanding towards high temperature and functional QAH states.
Determination of baicalin and ginsenoside Re in Banxia Xiexin decoction using pharmacokinetics and icELISA analysis in mice. Effects of interaction between prescription herbs on the pharmacokinetics of compounds
Year: 2015

Currently, little is known about how the dosage of one component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) alters the pharmacokinetic properties of the others in prescriptions. Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) consists of concentrated granules of seven Chinese herbs. The aim of this study was to explore how dosage variations of Pinellia ternata (Thunb. Breit. the monarch herb in BXD, affected the pharmacokinetics of baicalin (BAL) and ginsenoside Re (GsRe) in the blood of treated mice. The decoctions containing low dose, middle dose, and high dose of Pinellia ternata were administered orally to mice, and indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (icELISAs) using an anti BAL monoclonal antibody (MAb) and anti GsRe MAb were performed to determine the concentrations of BAL and GsRe in the blood of treated mice. The results showed that variations of Pinellia ternata doses altered the contents of BAL and GsRe in mouse blood. In all the groups, the BAL concentrations peaked at approximately 30 min and again at approximately 400 min, while GsRe showed more concentration peaks than BAL. The AUC0 t of BAL showed a linear relationship with the dose of Pinellia ternata, and the AUC0 t of GsRe also showed a direct relationship with the dose of Pinellia ternata. IcELISA may represent a feasible method for the study of the pharmacokinetics of TCM. Moreover, these results provide a meaningful basis for evaluation of the interactions between the components in a complex prescription on their pharmacokinetics.
Autonomous quadrotor collision avoidance and destination seeking in a GPS denied environment
Venue: Auton. Robots
Year: 2021

We present a new integrated guidance and control method for autonomous collision avoidance and navigation in an unmapped GPS denied environment that contains unknown obstacles. The algorithm is implemented on an experimental custom quadrotor that uses onboard vision sensing (i.e. an Intel RealSense R200) to detect the positions of obstacles. We demonstrate autonomous collision avoidance and destination seeking in experiments, where the quadrotor navigates unknown GPS denied environments. All feedback measurements are obtained from onboard sensors. The new guidance and control algorithm uses a nonlinear inner loop attitude controller; a nonlinear middle loop velocity controller; and an ellipsoidal potential field outer loop guidance algorithm for collision avoidance and destination seeking. The main analytic result regarding the inner loop control shows that every quadrotor attitude with pitch between \pm 90^\circ 90 is a locally exponentially stable equilibrium of the closed loop attitude dynamics, and we quantify the region of attraction for each attitude equilibrium.
Flexural response predictions of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates
Year: 2010

Existing experimental studies showed that the reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates had three possible flexural failure modes (including the compression failure, tension failure and debonding failure) according to the CFRP reinforcement ratio. Theoretical formulas based on the compatibility of strains and equilibrium of forces were presented to predict the nominal flexural strength of strengthened beams under the three failure modes, respectively, and a limitation on the tensile strain level developed in the prestressed CFRP plate was proposed as the debonding failure occurred. In addition, the calculation methods for cracking moment, crack width and deflection of strengthened beams were provided with taking into account the contribution of prestressed CFRP plates. Experimental studies on five RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates and a nonlinear finite element parametric analysis were carried out to verify the proposed theoretical formulas. The available test results conducted by other researchers were also compared with the predicted values.
Variational Hierarchical Dialog Autoencoder for Dialog State Tracking Data Augmentation
Venue: EMNLP
Year: 2020

Recent works have shown that generative data augmentation, where synthetic samples generated from deep generative models are used to augment the training dataset, benefit certain NLP tasks. In this work, we extend this approach to the task of dialog state tracking for goal oriented dialogs. Since, goal oriented dialogs naturally exhibit a hierarchical structure over utterances and related annotations, deep generative data augmentation for the task requires the generative model to be aware of the hierarchical nature. We propose the Variational Hierarchical Dialog Autoencoder (VHDA) for modeling complete aspects of goal oriented dialogs, including linguistic features and underlying structured annotations, namely dialog acts and goals. We also propose two training policies to mitigate issues that arise with training VAE based models. Experiments show that our hierarchical model is able to generate realistic and novel samples that improve the robustness of state of the art dialog state trackers, ultimately improving the dialog state tracking performances on various dialog domains. Surprisingly, the ability to jointly generate dialog features enables our model to outperform previous state of the arts in related subtasks, such as language generation and user simulation.
Renal scintigraphy for post transplant monitoring after kidney transplantation.
Venue: Transplantation reviews
Year: 2018

Clinicians use several diagnostic modalities to recognize post transplant complications, such as acute tubular necrosis, acute rejection, urologic and vascular complications. Currently, there is no consensus about the best procedural approach to evaluate post transplant renal dysfunction. Renal needle biopsy is often required, however, this is invasive and may lead to sample errors and complications, and most clinicians prefer using one of the noninvasive diagnostic modalities.  A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OvidSP) Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. This review provides a literature overview of the technical aspects, new developments and clinical value of renal scintigraphy (RS) after kidney transplantation. Additionally, the advantages and limitations of RS in comparison to other diagnostic modalities are addressed. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, protocol number CRD42017078391.  A total of 32 studies were included. Studies were categorized in the following groups: tracer pharmacokinetics; acute rejection and acute tubular necrosis; vascular complications; urological complications; postoperative fluid collections; early transplant outcomes; one year transplant outcomes.  Several studies have described the use of RS for the diagnosis of acute rejection, however, differentiating between rejection and acute tubular necrosis remains difficult. For the diagnosis of vascular complications, RS has been described as an alternative for invasive procedures. For urologic complications, studies support the use of RS in combination with routine ultrasonography (US) surveillance. For the diagnosis of postoperative fluid collections, RS provides information to differentiate lymphoceles and urinomas. Altogether, RS should be considered in case of non acute complications, and if US provides insufficient results.
Za He Kang Jun Tai Cec Md CheRcDe Fen Zi She Ji Ji Qi Ke Long Zai Ti De Gou Jian
Year: 2009

Bing Gou Qi Ke Long Zai Ti Xuan Qu Cec MdDe NDuan He ChensirinDe CDuan An Ji Suan Xu Lie Zu Cheng Za He Tai ,Tong Guo Hu Lian Wang He Ji Suan Ji Ruan Jian ,Fen Xi Bi Jiao Za He Tai De Te Zheng Can Shu Bing Jin Xing Jie Gou Yu Ce Cai Yong Zhong Fu Xu Lie PCRFang Fa He Cheng 2Tiao Za He Tai Cec Md Che Rc IHe Cec Md Che Rc IVDe Ji Yin ,Bing Lian Jie Dao Ke Long Zai Ti pMD18 TShang Fen Xi Fa Xian Za He Kang Jun Tai Zhong Cec Md Che Rc IShu Shui Xing Zui Qiang ,Cec Md Che Rc IVJing Zheng Dian He Shu Zui Gao ;Liang Zhe NDuan Wei Shu Shui Xing aLuo Xuan Jie Gou ,CDuan Wei Qin Shui Xing aLuo Xuan Jie Gou ;Liang Zhe Shu Shui Xing An Ji Suan Da Ti Fen Bu Zai Luo Xuan Lun De Yi Ce ,Qi Yu An Ji Suan Fen Bu Zai Ling Yi Ce ;Dai Zheng Dian He De An Ji Suan Zhu
The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Obesity Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease
Venue: Front. Neurosci.
Year: 2019

Cross talk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS) underlies the increased risk of obese people to develop brain diseases such as cognitive and mood disorders. Detailed mechanisms for how peripheral changes caused by adipose tissue accumulation in obesity impact the CNS to cause brain dysfunction are poorly understood. Adipokines are a large group of substances secreted by the white adipose tissue to regulate a wide range of homeostatic processes including, but not limited to, energy metabolism and immunity. Obesity is characterized by a generalized change in the levels of circulating adipokines due to abnormal accumulation and dysfunction of adipose tissue. Altered adipokine levels underlie complications of obesity as well as the increased risk for the development of obesity related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the literature for the role of adipokines as key mediators of the communication between periphery and CNS in health and disease. We will focus on the actions of leptin and adiponectin, two of the most abundant and well studied adipokines, in the brain, with particular emphasis on how altered signaling of these adipokines in obesity may lead to cognitive dysfunction and augmented risk for Alzheimer's disease. A better understanding of adipokine biology in brain disorders may prove of major relevance to diagnostic, prevention and therapy.
MOEA/D with Tabu Search for multiobjective permutation flow shop scheduling problems
Venue: 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)
Year: 2014

Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) decomposes a multiobjective optimisation problem into a number of single objective problems and optimises them in a collaborative manner. This paper investigates how to use Tabu Search (TS) a well studied single objective heuristic to enhance MOEA/D performance. In our proposed approach, the TS is applied to these subproblems with the aim to escape from local optimal solutions. The experimental studies have shown that MOEA/D with TS outperforms the classical MOEA/D on multiobjective permutation flow shop scheduling problems. It also have demonstrated that use of problem specific knowledge can significantly improve the algorithm performance.
IMPLEMENTING CONSTRUCTIVISM APPROACH IN ONLINE WRITING COURSE: LEARNERS NEED ANALYSIS
Year: 2018

Learning a new language is inevitably working on activities in relation to the four language skills, namely reading, listening, speaking and writing. Reading and listening are categorized as receptive skills, while speaking and writing are productive skills.Differing from the other skills, in developing writing skills learners do not merely focus on the writing products, butmore on its process in which they have to follow certain steps.It is the teacher'sresponsibility toguide the students to develop excellence in writing. Universitas Terbuka (UT) as a higher education institution applying distance learning, has provided an online tutorial (tuton) to enhance students' writing skills. In this study, the writer focuses on students' skills in writing essays, particularly argumentative essays. Furthermore, constructivism is taken as tutor's point of view to evaluate the materials as well as the learning process in the tuton of PBIS4313/Writing III Course. This research aimed at analyzing the students' perceptions about the needs of Writing III Course, regarding both the materials and the learning process, particularly the implementation of the constructivism approach. The descriptive qualitative method was applied in this research. An online survey was carried out to gain some information on the perceptions of the students regarding the learning materials as well as the learning approach needed in this course. From the online survey, it showed that more than 50% students find difficulties in writing. However, they shared their opinions about the needs of the materials appropriate for Writing III Course as the basic information for further development of the materials. Moreover, this research also resulted in some learning activities to be designed based on the constructivism approach.
Diverse responses of phenology to global changes in a grassland ecosystem
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2006

Shifting plant phenology (i.e. timing of flowering and other developmental events) in recent decades establishes that species and ecosystems are already responding to global environmental change. Earlier flowering and an extended period of active plant growth across much of the northern hemisphere have been interpreted as responses to warming. However, several kinds of environmental change have the potential to influence the phenology of flowering and primary production. Here, we report shifts in phenology of flowering and canopy greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in response to four experimentally simulated global changes: warming, elevated CO2, nitrogen (N) deposition, and increased precipitation. Consistent with previous observations, warming accelerated both flowering and greening of the canopy, but phenological responses to the other global change treatments were diverse. Elevated CO2 and N addition delayed flowering in grasses, but slightly accelerated flowering in forbs. The opposing responses of these two important functional groups decreased their phenological complementarity and potentially increased competition for limiting soil resources. At the ecosystem level, timing of canopy greenness mirrored the flowering phenology of the grasses, which dominate primary production in this system. Elevated CO2 delayed greening, whereas N addition dampened the acceleration of greening caused by warming. Increased precipitation had no consistent impacts on phenology. This diversity of phenological changes, between plant functional groups and in response to multiple environmental changes, helps explain the diversity in large scale observations and indicates that changing temperature is only one of several factors reshaping the seasonality of ecosystem processes.