nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Observer based hybrid control algorithm for semi active suspension systems
Year: 2016

In order to improve ride comfort and handling performance of the vehicle, an adaptive hybrid control algorithm is proposed for semi active suspension systems. The virtues of sky hook is combined with ground hook control strategies and a more suitable compromise for the suspension systems is chosen. The hybrid coefficient is tuned according to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration so as to improve the vehicle stability especially in high speed conditions. Damping continuous adjustable absorber is used to continuously control the damping force so as to eliminate the damping force jerk instead of traditional on off control policy. Based on suspension stroke measured by sensors, unscented Kalman filter is designed to estimate the suspension states in real time for the realization of hybrid control, which improves the robustness of the control strategy and is adaptive to different types of road profiles. Finally, the proposed control algorithm is validated under the following two typical road profiles: half sine speed bump road and the random road. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid control algorithm could offer a good coordination between ride comfort and handling of the vehicle.
Foot posture is associated with plantar pressure during gait: A comparison of normal, planus and cavus feet.
Venue: Gait posture
Year: 2018

Variations in foot posture, such as pes planus (low medial longitudinal arch) or pes cavus (high medial longitudinal arch) are associated with some lower limb injuries. However, the mechanism that links foot posture to injury is not clear.  The aim of this study was to compare plantar pressure between healthy individuals with normal, planus or cavus feet.  Ninety two healthy volunteers (aged 18 to 45) were classified as either normal (n 35) pes planus (n 31) or pes cavus (n 26) based on the Foot Posture Index, Arch Index and normalised navicular height truncated. Barefoot walking trials were conducted using an emed(r) x400 plantar pressure system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) An 11 region mask was used that included the medial heel, lateral heel, midfoot, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsophalangeal joints, hallux, 2nd toe, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th toes. Peak pressure, pressure time integral, maximum force, force time integral and contact area were calculated for each region. One way analyses of variance and effect sizes were used to compare the three foot posture groups.  Overall, the largest differences were between the planus and cavus foot groups in forefoot pressure and force. In particular, peak pressures at the 4th and 5th MTPJs in the planus foot group were lower compared to the normal and cavus foot groups, and displayed the largest effect sizes.  This study confirms that foot posture does influence plantar pressures, and that each foot posture classification displays unique plantar pressure characteristics.
MSFgNet: A Novel Compact End to End Deep Network for Moving Object Detection
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Year: 2019

Moving object detection (MOD) in videos is a challenging task. Estimation of accurate background is the key to extracting the foreground from video frames. In this paper, we have proposed a novel compact end to end convolutional neural network architecture, motion saliency foreground network (MSFgNet) to estimate the background and to extract the foreground from video frames. Initially, the long streaming video is divided into a number of small video streams (SVS) The proposed network takes the SVS as an input and estimates the background frame for each SVS. Second, the saliency map is extracted using the current video frame and estimated background. Furthermore, a compact encoder decoder network is proposed to extract the foreground from the estimated saliency maps. The performance of the proposed MSFgNet is tested on three benchmark datasets (CDnet 2014, LASIESTA, and PTIS) for MOD. The computational complexity (handling of number of parameters and execution time) and the performance of the proposed MSFgNet are compared with the existing state of the art methods for MOD in terms of precision, recall, and F measure. Performance analysis shows that the proposed network is very compact and outperforms the existing state of the art methods for MOD in videos.
Adaptive intervehicle communication control for cooperative safety systems
Venue: IEEE Network
Year: 2010

Vehicular ad hoc networks play a critical role in enabling important active safety applications such as cooperative collision warning. These active safety applications rely on continuous broadcast of self information by all vehicles, which allows each vehicle to track all its neighboring cars in real time. The most pressing challenge in such safety driven communication is to maintain acceptable tracking accuracy while avoiding congestion in the shared channel. In this article we propose a transmission control protocol that adapts communication rate and power based on the dynamics of a vehicular network and safety driven tracking process. The proposed solution uses a closed loop control concept and accounts for wireless channel unreliability. Simulation results confirm that if packet generation rate and associated transmission power for safety messages are adjusted in an on demand and adaptive fashion, robust tracking is possible under various traffic conditions.
The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metrics
Venue: GEM
Year: 2021

We introduce GEM, a living benchmark for natural language Generation (NLG) its Evaluation, and Metrics. Measuring progress in NLG relies on a constantly evolving ecosystem of automated metrics, datasets, and human evaluation standards. Due to this moving target, new models often still evaluate on divergent anglo centric corpora with well established, but flawed, metrics. This disconnect makes it challenging to identify the limitations of current models and opportunities for progress. Addressing this limitation, GEM provides an environment in which models can easily be applied to a wide set of tasks and in which evaluation strategies can be tested. Regular updates to the benchmark will help NLG research become more multilingual and evolve the challenge alongside models. This paper serves as the description of the data for the 2021 shared task at the associated GEM Workshop.
Strategy Choice in the Infinitely Repeated Prisoners' Dilemma
Year: 2013

We use a novel experimental design to identify subjects' strategies in an infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma experiment. We ask subjects to design strategies that will play in their place. We find no clear evidence that eliciting strategies affected subjects' behavior, supporting the validity of this method. We find the chosen strategies include some well known ones such as Always Defect, Tit For Tat and Grim trigger. However, other strategies that are considered to have desirable properties, such as Win Stay Lose Shift, are not prevalent. A majority of subjects use simple strategies that only condition on the previous period's outcome. We also find that the strategies used to support cooperation change with the parameters of the game. We use the elicited strategies to test our ability to recover strategies using observed cooperate defect choices and find that we can do so under certain conditions.
Are periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe the foundation of appetitive and aversive control? A comprehensive review
Venue: Progress in Neurobiology
Year: 2019

HighlightsComprehensive review of the periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe complex.New subdivision of the complex that accounts for its distinct characteristics.The complex is broadly involved in motivated behavior.It controls aversive and appetitive behavior and some aspects of approach avoidance conflict.These highly conserved nuclei appear to be the foundation of all goal directed control.  Many see the periaqueductal gray (PAG) as a region responsible for the downstream control of defensive reactions. Here we provide a detailed review of anatomical and functional data on the different parts of the PAG together with the dorsal raphe, which completes the circle of periaqueductal nuclei. Based on anatomical features, we propose a new subdivision of the periaqueductal gray that accounts for the distinct characteristics of the area. We provide a comprehensive functional view of the periaqueductal gray, going beyond simple panic and escape to integrate data on fear, anxiety, and depression. Importantly, we conclude that this periaqueductal cluster of nuclei is broadly involved in motivated behavior controlling not only aversive but also appetitive behavior and with some involvement in more complex motivational processes such as approach avoidance conflict resolution. In sum, these highly conserved nuclei surrounding the aqueduct appear to be the simplest, foundational, elements of integrated motivated goal directed control of all types.
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels: Structural Features Relevant to Mechanotransduction Mechanisms.
Venue: Annual review of neuroscience
Year: 2020

Activation of mechanosensitive ion channels underlies a variety of fundamental physiological processes that require sensation of mechanical force. Different mechanosensitive channels adapt distinctive structures and mechanotransduction mechanisms to fit their biological roles. How mechanosensitive channels work, especially in animals, has been extensively studied in the past decade. Here we review key findings in the functional and structural characterizations of these channels and highlight the structural features relevant to the mechanotransduction mechanism of each specific channel. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 43 is July 8, 2020. Please see http:/www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
The neuroinvasive potential of SARS CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID 19 patients
Venue: Journal of medical virology
Year: 2020

Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS CoV 2 (previously known as 2019 nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS CoV and MERS CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID 19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID 19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS CoV and SARS CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID 19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS CoV 2 induced respiratory failure.
4D Cell Biology: Adaptive optics lattice light sheet imaging and AI powered big data processing of live stem cell derived organoids.
Venue: Journal of biomolecular techniques JBT
Year: 2020

New methods in stem cell 3D organoid tissue culture, advanced imaging, and big data image analytics now allow tissue scale 4D cell biology but currently available analytical pipelines are inadequate for handing and analyzing the resulting gigabytes and terabytes of high content imaging data. We expressed fluorescent protein fusions of clathrin and dynamin2 at endogenous levels in genome edited human embryonic stem cells, which were differentiated into intestinal epithelial organoids. Lattice light sheet imaging with adaptive optics (AO LLSM) allowed us to image large volumes of these organoids (70 x 60 x 40 mm xyz) at 5.7 s/frame. We developed an open source data analysis package termed pyLattice to process the resulting large ~60 Gb) movie data sets and to track clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) events. We then expressed fluorescent protein fusions of actin and tubulin in genome edited induced human pluripotent stem cells, which were differentiated into human cortical organoids. Using the AO LLSM mode on the new MOSAIC (Multimodal Optical Scope with Adaptive Imaging Correction) allowed us to image neuronal migration deep in the organoid. We augmented pyLattice with a deep learning module and used it to process the brain organoid data.
Joint Transmit and Reflective Beamforming Design for IRS Assisted Multiuser MISO SWIPT Systems
Venue: ICC 2020 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
Year: 2020

This paper studies an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multiuser multiple input single output (MISO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. In this system, a multi antenna access point (AP) uses transmit beamforming to send both information and energy signals to a set of receivers each for information decoding (ID) or energy harvesting (EH) and a dedicatedly deployed IRS properly controls its reflecting phase shifts to form passive reflection beams for facilitating both ID and EH at receivers. Under this setup, we jointly optimize the (active) information and energy transmit beamforming at the AP together with the (passive) reflective beamforming at the IRS, to maximize the minimum power received at all EH receivers, subject to individual signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) constraints at ID receivers, and the maximum transmit power constraint at the AP. Although the formulated SINR constrained minenergy maximization problem is highly non convex, we present an efficient algorithm to obtain a high quality solution by using the techniques of alternating optimization and semi definite relaxation (SDR) Numerical results show that the proposed IRSassisted SWIPT system with both information and energy signals achieves significant performance gains over benchmark schemes without IRS deployed and/or without dedicated energy signals used.
Towards Unsupervised Image Captioning With Shared Multimodal Embeddings
Venue: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
Year: 2019

Understanding images without explicit supervision has become an important problem in computer vision. In this paper, we address image captioning by generating language descriptions of scenes without learning from annotated pairs of images and their captions. The core component of our approach is a shared latent space that is structured by visual concepts. In this space, the two modalities should be indistinguishable. A language model is first trained to encode sentences into semantically structured embeddings. Image features that are translated into this embedding space can be decoded into descriptions through the same language model, similarly to sentence embeddings. This translation is learned from weakly paired images and text using a loss robust to noisy assignments and a conditional adversarial component. Our approach allows to exploit large text corpora outside the annotated distributions of image/caption data. Our experiments show that the proposed domain alignment learns a semantically meaningful representation which outperforms previous work.
Abundance of the Common Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Delphinidae) off the South and West Coasts of Puerto Rico
Year: 2016

The abundance of the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) was investigated by mark recapture methods using photographic surveys on the south and west coasts of Puerto Rico from 2013 to 2015. The number of individuals having distinctive marks was 62, representing 46.5% of dolphins observed. Additionally, two dorsal fins were matched with photos taken during a study in 2000, making this the first report of long term resightings in Puerto Rico. The abundance estimate for the south and west coast of Puerto Rico was of 127 dolphins. This represents a statistically significant, 60% decrease from the reported estimate back in 2001. It is unclear whether this decline is due to emigration, mortality, or a combination of the two. Management should prioritize further studies on the health of this population and the potential factors contributing to the decline, such as overfishing or excessive boat traffic.
PSIKOLOGI REMAJA DAN PERMASALAHANNYA
Year: 2019

Rentang usia remaja adalah 10 tahun sampai 21 tahun menurut beberapa ahli. Fase remaja adalah fase peralihan dari fase anak anak menuju masa dewasa. Karakteristik yang bisa dilihat adalah adanya banyak perubahan yang terjadi baik itu perubahan fisik maupun psikis. Perubahan fisik yang dapat dilihat adalah perubahan pada karakteristik seksual seperti pembesaran buah dada, perkembangan pinggang untuk anak perempuan sedangkan anak laki laki tumbuhnya kumis, jenggot serta perubahan suara yang semakin dalam. Perubahan mentalpun mengalami perkembangan. Pada fase ini pencapaian identitas diri sangat menonjol, pemikiran semakin logis, abstrak, dan idealistis. Periode ini disebut fase pubertas puberty) yaitu suatu periode dimana kematangan kerangka atau fisik tubuh seperti proporsi tubuh, berat dan tinggi badan mengalami perubahan serta kematanagan fungsi seksual yang terjadi secara pesat terutama pada awal masa remaja. Kebutuhan lain dari remaja adalah teman sebaya, dimana teman sebaya adalah sangat penting bagi remaja untuk mengenal dunia diluar keluarga. Namun dalam interaksinya, remaja sering mengalami tekanan untuk mengikuti teman sebaya atau yang disebut konformitas conformity yang sangat kuat. Konformitas ada yang positif dan negatif. Konformitas muncul ketika individu meniru sikap, atau tingkah laku orang lain dikarenakan ada tekanan nyata maupun yang tidak nyata. Perilaku remaja yang menyimpang seperti berbuat onar, mencuri dan lain lain perlu mendapat perhatian khusus bagi orangtua, guru dan pemerhati pendidikan. Pertentangan dan pemberontakan adalah bagian alamiah dari kebutuhan para remaja untuk menjadi dewasa yang mandiri dan peka secara emosional
PRAGMATIC MUNICIPALISM: LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY AFTER THE GREAT RECESSION
Year: 2016

Since the Great Recession, some have argued that local governments have become 'austerity machines' that cut and privatize services and undermine unions. We conducted a national survey of US municipalities in 2012 to examine how service provision level and delivery methods are related to local stress and capacity, controlling for community need and place characteristics. We find that local governments are balancing the pressures of stress with community needs. They use alternative revenue sources and service delivery methods (privatization and cooperation) to maintain services. Unionization is not a barrier to innovation. Further, we find that ethnically diverse suburbs are providing more services than other suburbs, thus acting more like metro core cities. We find that the Great Recession has not dramatically shifted local government behaviour to a 'new normal' of fiscal austerity. Instead, we find municipalities practising 'pragmatic municipalism' to maintain their public role.
The Production of ACC Deaminase and Trehalose by the Plant Growth Promoting Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. UW4 Synergistically Protect Tomato Plants Against Salt Stress
Venue: Front. Microbiol.
Year: 2019

Soil salinity is a major problem in agriculture. However, crop growth and productivity can be improved by the inoculation of plants with beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth under stress conditions such as high salinity. Here, we evaluated 1 aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and trehalose accumulation of the plant growth promoting bacterium Pseudomonas sp. UW4. Mutant strains (mutated at acdS, treS, or both) and a trehalose over expressing strain  were constructed. The acdS mutant was ACC deaminase minus; the treS strain significantly decreased its accumulation of trehalose, and the double mutant was affected in both characteristics. The  strain accumulated more trehalose than the wild type strain UW4. Inoculating tomato plants subjected to salt stress with these strains significantly impacted root and shoot length, total dry weight, and chlorophyll content. The evaluated parameters in the single acdS and treS mutants were impaired. The double acdS/treS mutant was negatively affected to a greater extent than the single gene mutants, suggesting a synergistic action of these activities in the protection of plants against salt stress. Finally, the  overproducing strain protected tomato plants to a greater extent under stress conditions than the wild type strain. Taken together, these results are consistent with the synergistic action of ACC deaminase and trehalose in Pseudomonas sp. UW4 in the protection of tomato plants against salt stress.
Brain exposure of the ATM inhibitor AZD1390 in humans a positron emission tomography (PET) study.
Venue: Neuro oncology
Year: 2020

The protein kinase ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) mediates cellular response to DNA damage induced by radiation. ATM inhibition decreases DNA damage repair in tumor cells and affects tumor growth. AZD1390 is a novel, highly potent, selective ATM inhibitor designed to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and currently evaluated with radiotherapy in a Phase 1 study in patients with brain malignancies. In the present study, PET was used to measure brain exposure of 11C labelled AZD1390 after intravenous (i.v. bolus administration in healthy subjects with an intact BBB.  was radiolabeled with carbon 11 and a microdose (mean injected mass 1.21ug) was injected in 8 male subjects (21 65 years) The radioactivity concentration of 11C]AZD1390 in brain was measured using a high resolution PET system. Radioactivity in arterial blood was measured to obtain a metabolite corrected arterial input function for quantitative image analysis. Participants were monitored by laboratory examinations, vital signs, ECG, adverse events (AEs)  The brain radioactivity concentration of 11C]AZD1390 was 0.64 SUV (standard uptake value) and reached maximum 1.00 %ID (percent of injected dose) at Tmax[brain] of 21 min (time of maximum brain radioactivity concentration) after i.v. injection. The whole brain total distribution volume was 5.20 mL*cm 3. No AEs related to 11C]AZD1390 were reported.  This study demonstrates that 11C]AZD1390 crosses the intact BBB and supports development of AZD1390 for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or other brain malignancies. Moreover, it illustrates the potential of PET microdosing in predicting and guiding dose range and schedule for subsequent clinical studies.