nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability and size fraction of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur at the Arbutus Lake watershed, Adirondack Mountains, NY
Venue: Biogeochemistry
Year: 2013

The heterogeneity of DOM is closely linked with the various sources and the diversity of biogeochemical processes. We studied the spatial and temporal patterns of the quantity (bioavailable [B and refractory concentrations by laboratory incubations) and quality (d13C, aromaticity, and size fraction by ultrafiltration [low molecular weight (LMW) 1 kDa and high molecular weight (HMW) 1 kDa] of dissolved organic C (DOC) N (DON) and S (DOS) for surface waters (two upland streams, two wetland affected streams, and lake outlet) over a 14 month period within the Arbutus Lake watershed in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA. The BDOC and BDON of this watershed averages ranged from 6 to 18 and from 12 to 43 respectively. The DOC and DON concentrations increased as water was transported through wetland areas of the Arbutus Lake watershed. DOC and DON constituents in the surface waters passing through a wetland were composed mostly of refractory HMW components HMWDOC: 55 HMWDON: 60 with a higher level of aromaticity compared to upland streams HMWDOC: approximately 35 HMWDON: approximately 30 DOS was dominated by the refractory BDOS range 6 13 and LMW LMWDOS range 62 96 form and we suggest that bacterial dissimilatory sulfate reduction might play an important role in generating this distinct DOS biogeochemistry. The aromaticity was positively related to total DOC concentration, but negatively to BDOC. Arbutus Lake DOM was dominated by bioavailable and LMW characteristics, compared to wetland affected streams where refractory and HMW DOM fractions were more prevalent. Our study suggests the different variability of DOM characteristics among elements (C, N, S) using a "bioavailability molecular size model" showing a diagenetic perspective due to the relative refractoriness of the LMW DOS. This study also highlights the importance of multiple approaches for understanding DOM biogeochemistry with respect to molecular size, bioavailability, aromaticity, stoichiometry, isotopic values, and elemental concentrations.
Exploiting the Role of Named Entities in Query Oriented Document Summarization
Venue: PRICAI
Year: 2008

In this paper, we exploit the role of named entities in measuring document/query sentence relevance in query oriented extractive summarization. Named entity driven associations are defined as the informative, semantic sensitive text bi grams consisting of at least one named entity or the semantic class of a named entity. They are extracted automatically according to seven pre defined templates. Question types are also taken into consideration if they are available when dealing with query questions. To alleviate problems with low coverage, named entity based association and uni gram models are integrated together to compensate each other in similarity calculation. Automatic ROUGE evaluations indicate that the proposed idea can produce a very good system that among the best performing system at the DUC 2005.
Struggle Against "Sabotage" of Grain Collection Campaigns as Part of the NKVD Mass Operation by Order No. 00447: Repressive Action in the Solton District of Altai Region
Year: 2020

The article considers the consecution, results and consequences of the repressive action aimed at suppressing the "sabotage of grain procurements" which was carried out in November 1937 in the Solton district of the Altai krai as a part of a mass operation based on the order of the NKVD of the USSR No.  The author reveals the specifics and scale of repression against various groups of the district's population that had become the object of repression collective farmers, sole proprietors, MTS (machine and tractor stations) employees and officials of the collective farm administration. It was determined that the repressive action was aimed primarily at collective farms that allowed the greatest arrearage in the implementation of the bread delivery plan. The disproportionality of the scale (taking into consideration the share in bread deliveries) and the increased level of cruelty of repression against individual farmers were caused by the fact that the more general goal in the repression directed against this category of rural population was the destroying and isolating "socially alien" groups of the population, which was implemented during mass operations of NKVD, and came to the fore much more than the utilitarian task of implementing the grain procurement plan. The functional involvement of MTS in realization of grain harvesting operations and ensuring bread deliveries caused the spread repressive actions, which were carried out to prevent sabotage of grain procurements, on the employees of machine tractor stations, who were often convicted in the scopes of general investigative cases with members of the collective farms they had served. Although the repressions carried out during the November 1937 action were limited to the arrests of representatives of the lower level of management officials of the collective farm administration, this action served as a kind of "trigger" for the escalation of repressions against district level functionaries. At the same time, the materials presented in the article indicate that the repressive policy was not performing its function of increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism for withdrawing from collective farms their products at low prices set by the state a function of the collective farm system that is most important for transferring funds from agriculture to industry in order to finance accelerated industrialization.
Optical nano agents in the second near infrared window for biomedical applications.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews
Year: 2019

The optical technology presents non invasive, non destructive, and non ionizing features and has the ability to display various chemical components in tissues to provide useful information for various biomedical applications. Regarding selection of light wavelengths, second near infrared (NIR II, 900 1700 nm) light is a much better choice compared to both visible (380 780 nm) and traditional near infrared (780 900 nm) light, because of its advantages including deeper penetration into biological tissues, less tissue scattering or absorption, and decreased interference by fluorescent proteins. Thus, using optical nano agents that absorb or emit light in the NIR II window can achieve deeper tissue optical imaging with higher signal to background ratios and better spatial resolution for diagnosis. What's more, some of these nano agents can be further applied for imaging guided surgical removal, real time monitoring of drug delivery, labeling lymphatic metastasis, biosensing, and imaging guided phototherapy. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent advances of various NIR II nano agents (including single walled carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, rare earth doped nanoparticles, other inorganic nanomaterials, small organic molecule based nanoparticles, and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles) in both bioimaging and therapeutic applications, and discuss the challenges and perspectives of these nano agents for clinical practice in the near future.
Fast vector quantization using a Bat algorithm for image compression
Year: 2016

Linde Buzo Gray (LBG) a traditional method of vector quantization (VQ) generates a local optimal codebook which results in lower PSNR value. The performance of vector quantization (VQ) depends on the appropriate codebook, so researchers proposed optimization techniques for global codebook generation. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Firefly algorithm (FA) generate an efficient codebook, but undergoes instability in convergence when particle velocity is high and non availability of brighter fireflies in the search space respectively. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called BA LBG which uses Bat Algorithm on initial solution of LBG. It produces an efficient codebook with less computational time and results very good PSNR due to its automatic zooming feature using adjustable pulse emission rate and loudness of bats. From the results, we observed that BA LBG has high PSNR compared to LBG, PSO LBG, Quantum PSO LBG, HBMO LBG and FA LBG, and its average convergence speed is 1.841 times faster than HBMO LBG and FA LBG but no significance difference with PSO.
Lachancea fermentati Strains Isolated From Kombucha: Fundamental Insights, and Practical Application in Low Alcohol Beer Brewing
Venue: Frontiers in Microbiology
Year: 2020

With a growing interest in non alcoholic and low alcohol beer (NABLAB) researchers are looking into non conventional yeasts to harness their special metabolic traits for their production. One of the investigated species is Lachancea fermentati, which possesses the uncommon ability to produce significant amounts of lactic acid during alcoholic fermentation, resulting in the accumulation of lactic acid while exhibiting reduced ethanol production. In this study, four Lachancea fermentati strains isolated from individual kombucha cultures were investigated. Whole genome sequencing was performed, and the strains were characterized for important brewing characteristics (e.g. sugar utilization) and sensitivities toward stress factors. A screening in wort extract was performed to elucidate strain dependent differences, followed by fermentation optimization to enhance lactic acid production. Finally, a low alcohol beer was produced at 60 L pilot scale. The genomes of the kombucha isolates were diverse and could be separated into two phylogenetic groups, which were related to their geographical origin. Compared to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewers' yeast, the strains' sensitivities to alcohol and acidic conditions were low, while their sensitivities toward osmotic stress were higher. In the screening, lactic acid production showed significant, strain dependent differences. Fermentation optimization by means of response surface methodology (RSM) revealed an increased lactic acid production at a low pitching rate, high fermentation temperature, and high extract content. It was shown that a high initial glucose concentration led to the highest lactic acid production (max. 18.0 mM) The data indicated that simultaneous lactic acid production and ethanol production occurred as long as glucose was present. When glucose was depleted and/or lactic acid concentrations were high, the production shifted toward the ethanol pathway as the sole pathway. A low alcohol beer <1.3% ABV) was produced at 60 L pilot scale by means of stopped fermentation. The beer exhibited a balanced ratio of sweetness from residual sugars and acidity from the lactic acid produced (13.6 mM) However, due to the stopped fermentation, high levels of diacetyl were present, which could necessitate further process intervention to reduce concentrations to acceptable levels.
Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models revisited
Year: 2011

At the first Computational Wind Engineering conference in 1992 "Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the k e turbulence model" were proposed. In this paper it is shown that these conditions can be directly derived by treating the onset flow as a horizontally homogeneous turbulent surface layer, with the flow being driven by a shear stress at the top boundary. This approach is extended to provide the inlet profiles and boundary conditions appropriate for modelling the flow using the standard k e, RNG k e, Wilcox k o and LRR QI turbulence models. Means for their application within the commercial CFD code CFX 12.0 are given. It is shown that within the flow the various turbulence model constants set the effective value of von Karman's constant, which does vary slightly between models. The discrepancy between the turbulence level set by the standard turbulence model constants and that observed in the atmosphere is discussed. Problems with excessive turbulence generation near the ground and the over prediction of stagnation pressures are discussed and possible solutions proposed.
Rescue of corpus luteum function with peri ovulatory HCG supplementation in IVF/ICSI GnRH antagonist cycles in which ovulation was triggered with a GnRH agonist: a pilot study.
Venue: Reproductive biomedicine online
Year: 2006

Previous studies found a poor clinical outcome when a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) was used to trigger ovulation in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles. This study aimed to determine the clinical and endocrine effects as well the optimal timing of HCG supplementation. Forty five normogonadotrophic IVF/ICSI patients following a flexible antagonist protocol were prospectively randomized (sealed envelopes) to triggering of ovulation with a single bolus of either 10,000 IU of HCG (group 1, n 15) or 0.5 mg buserelin s.c. In addition, the GnRHa triggered group was randomized into two groups: group 2 (n 17) was supplemented with HCG 1500 IU, 12 h after ovulation induction and group 3 (n 13) was supplemented with HCG 1500 IU 35 h after ovulation induction. Group 1 and group 3 had significantly higher luteal phase concentrations of progesterone (P 0.001) as compared with group 2. Moreover, the clinical pregnancy rate of groups 1 and 3 was similar and significantly higher (P 0.02) than that of group 2. A larger study, however, is required to substantiate these differences. No differences were seen regarding mid luteal inhibin A concentrations between the three groups. Triggering of ovulation with GnRHa supplemented with 1500 IU HCG 35 h later (group 3) seems to secure a normal luteal phase and a normal clinical pregnancy outcome.
Enabling the Adoption of Processing in Memory: Challenges, Mechanisms, Future Research Directions
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

Poor DRAM technology scaling over the course of many years has caused DRAM based main memory to increasingly become a larger system bottleneck. A major reason for the bottleneck is that data stored within DRAM must be moved across a pin limited memory channel to the CPU before any computation can take place. This requires a high latency and energy overhead, and the data often cannot benefit from caching in the CPU, making it difficult to amortize the overhead. Modern 3D stacked DRAM architectures include a logic layer, where compute logic can be integrated underneath multiple layers of DRAM cell arrays within the same chip. Architects can take advantage of the logic layer to perform processing in memory (PIM) or near data processing. In a PIM architecture, the logic layer within DRAM has access to the high internal bandwidth available within 3D stacked DRAM (which is much greater than the bandwidth available between DRAM and the CPU) Thus, PIM architectures can effectively free up valuable memory channel bandwidth while reducing system energy consumption. A number of important issues arise when we add compute logic to DRAM. In particular, the logic does not have low latency access to common CPU structures that are essential for modern application execution, such as the virtual memory and cache coherence mechanisms. To ease the widespread adoption of PIM, we ideally would like to maintain traditional virtual memory abstractions and the shared memory programming model. This requires efficient mechanisms that can provide logic in DRAM with access to CPU structures without having to communicate frequently with the CPU. To this end, we propose and evaluate two general purpose solutions that minimize unnecessary off chip communication for PIM architectures. We show that both mechanisms improve the performance and energy consumption of many important memory intensive applications.
LncRNA GAS5 suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the miR 21/PTEN axis
Venue: Experimental cell research
Year: 2019

Growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) functions as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers. GAS5 has been reported to be down regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of how GAS5 acts as a tumor suppressor in OSCC. qRT PCR, cell viability, wound healing, and transwell assays showed that knockdown of GAS5 increased miR 21 expression and promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition of OSCC cells. In contrast, overexpression of GAS5 showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, miR 21 overexpression reversed the effect of GAS5. Western blot showed that knockdown of GAS5 suppressed PTEN, while phosphorylation of Akt was promoted. PCNA, cyclinD1, and Ki 67 were up regulated, indicating enhanced proliferation. E cadherin was down regulated, while N cadherin, vimentin, and snail1 were increased, indicating augmented epithelial mesenchymal transition. Overexpression of GAS5 regulated these proteins inversely. Overexpression of miR 21 reversed the effect of GAS5 on these proteins. Taken together, GAS5 suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition in OSCC through the miR 21/PTEN axis and might be a novel therapeutic target for OSCC.
The unique role of relationship marketing in small businesses' customer experience
Venue: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services
Year: 2019

The current study explores what defines customer experience in small businesses. Unlike the technology oriented customer experience characterizing large enterprises, small businesses' distinctive customer experience lies in their human interaction with customers. Two aspects of relationship marketing, namely, social relationship and personal care, have been found to be crucial components of this experience. Combining in depth interviews with small business owners and customers, as well as customer survey, we identified two parallel relationship strategies: communication and personal care enhances trust in the business, and social relationship foster commitment. Both strategies lead to positive customer outcomes.
Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative: A Case Study
Venue: Int. J. Digit. Curation
Year: 2018

Since its creation nearly a decade ago, the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) Curation Lifecycle Model has become the quintessential framework for understanding digital curation. Organizations and consortia around the world have used the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model as a tool to ensure that all the necessary stages of digital curation are undertaken, to define roles and responsibilities, and to build a framework of standards and technologies for digital curation. Yet, research on the application of the model to large scale digitization projects as a way of understanding their efforts at digital curation is scant. This paper reports on findings of a qualitative case study analysis of Indiana University Bloomington's multi million dollar Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative (MDPI) employing the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model as a lens for examining the scope and effectiveness of its digital curation efforts. Findings underscore the success of MDPI in performing digital curation by illustrating the ways it implements each of the model's components. Implications for the application of the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model in understanding digital curation for mass digitization projects are discussed as well as directions for future research.  Revision received 4 May 2018  May 2018 Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Devan Ray Donaldson, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Luddy Hall 2126, Department of Information and Library Science, School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Bloomington, IN, USA, 47408.  The IJDC is published by the University of Edinburgh on behalf of the Digital Curation Centre.   http:/www.ijdc.net/ Copyright rests with the authors. This work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence, version 4.0. For details please see https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ International Journal of Digital Curation 2018,  10.2218/ijdc.v13i1.502 92 Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative doi:10.2218/ijdc.v13i1.502
America's Unwritten Constitution: The Precedents and Principles We Live By
Year: 2012

Despite its venerated place atop American law and politics, our written Constitution does not enumerate all of the rules and rights, principles and procedures that actually govern modern America. The document makes no explicit mention of cherished concepts like the separation of powers and the rule of law. On some issues, the plain meaning of the text misleads. For example, the text seems to say that the vice president presides over his own impeachment trial but surely this cannot be right. As esteemed legal scholar Akhil Reed Amar explains in America's Unwritten Constitution, the solution to many constitutional puzzles lies not solely within the written document, but beyond it in the vast trove of values, precedents, and practices that complement and complete the terse text. In this sequel to America's Constitution: A Biography, Amar takes readers on a tour of our nation's unwritten Constitution, showing how America's foundational document cannot be understood in textual isolation. Proper constitutional interpretation depends on a variety of factors, such as the precedents set by early presidents and Congresses; common practices of modern American citizens; venerable judicial decisions; and particularly privileged sources of inspiration and guidance, including the Federalist papers, William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech. These diverse supplements are indispensible instruments for making sense of the written Constitution. When used correctly, these extra textual aids support and enrich the written document without supplanting it. An authoritative work by one of America's preeminent legal scholars, America's Unwritten Constitution presents a bold new vision of the American constitutional system, showing how the complementary relationship between the Constitution's written and unwritten components is one of America's greatest and most enduring strengths.
Bayesian optimization for parameter tuning in evolutionary algorithms
Venue: 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)
Year: 2016

Advances in evolutionary computation have demonstrated that Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) proposed in this area are a solid alternative for solving combinatorial and continuous optimization problems. Despite their success in innumerable real world scenarios, EAs depend on a set of input parameters that characterize their performance and need to be adjusted. In fact, identifying and setting the most appropriate parameters for an EA is a complex task, which, in some cases, can be as difficult as the optimization problem at hand. Recently, parameter tuning has attracted the interest of the research community, designing and proposing techniques that (1) help the algorithm to perform to its best, and (2) indirectly, make fairer comparisons of different methods. In this manuscript, we propose a novel offline parameter tuning algorithm based on Bayesian Optimization, a sequential design strategy for global optimization. In order to illustrate the validity of the proposed method, we considered as a case of study the Hybrid Kernel EDA, an EA that is characterized by 6 parameters. We ran the algorithm with the parameters tuned by means of Bayesian Optimization, and compared the results with those obtained by setting the parameters by hand (using some prior knowledge) Experiments were carried out on a benchmark of 60 instances of the permutation flowshop scheduling problem. Experimental results show that, in general, Hybrid Kernel EDA obtains better results when using the parameters tuned by means of Bayesian Optimization.