nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
End to End Learning of Latent Deformable Part Based Representations for Object Detection
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision
Year: 2018

Object detection methods usually represent objects through rectangular bounding boxes from which they extract features, regardless of their actual shapes. In this paper, we apply deformations to regions in order to learn representations better fitted to objects. We introduce DP FCN, a deep model implementing this idea by learning to align parts to discriminative elements of objects in a latent way, i.e. without part annotation. This approach has two main assets: it builds invariance to local transformations, thus improving recognition, and brings geometric information to describe objects more finely, leading to a more accurate localization. We further develop both features in a new model named DP FCN2.0 by explicitly learning interactions between parts. Alignment is done with an in network joint optimization of all parts based on a CRF with custom potentials, and deformations are influencing localization through a bilinear product. We validate our models on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets and show significant gains. DP FCN2.0 achieves state of the art results of 83.3 and 81.2% on VOC 2007 and 2012 with VOC data only.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DANCOUPON TERHADAP NILAI JUAL OBLIGASI (Studi pada Perusahaan Penerbit Obligasi Syariah yang Terdapat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2013 2016)
Year: 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan, dan coupon terhadap nilai jual obligasi pada perusahaan penerbit obligasi syariah yang terdapat di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2013 2016, dengan populasi berjumlah 15 perusahaan dan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 13 perusahaan yang ditentukan melalui purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi model panel data dan menggunakan alat analisis program E views 9.0. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan secara parsial berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap nilai jual obligasi, sedangkan variabel coupon secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai jual obligasi. Hasil uji F yang menunjukan bahwa variabel struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan dan coupon secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai jual obligasi. Hasil R2 yang menunjukan hubungan antar variabel dalam kategori sangat kuat.  Coupon, Nilai Jual Obligasi, Struktur Modal dan Ukuran Perusahaan. THE INFLUENCE OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, FIRM SIZE AND COUPON ON THE VALUE OF BOND SALE (Study in Publisher Company Of Islamic Bonds in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013 2016) The purpose of this study was to determine the capital structure, firm size and coupon on the value of bond sale in the publisher company of Islamic bonds in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2013 2016, the number of population is 15 the companies and the samples of this research are 13 companies which selected through purposive sampling. This research used regression analysis model panel data and analysis tools is E views 9.0. The results of t test show that variable capital structure and the firm size partially effect insignificant on the value of bond sale, while variable coupon partially effect significant on the value of bond sale. The result of F test shows that the variable capital structure, firm size and coupon simultaneously have significant influence on the value of bond sale. The result of R2 shows the relation among the variables is in a very strong category.  Coupon The Selling Of Bonds Capital Structure and Firm size.
The application of ADMS Urban model to estimate nitrogen dioxide concentrations in cold and warm seasons in Kaunas city
Year: 2014

Road traffic is one of the main sources of pollution affecting air quality in urban areas which can have impacts on human health. One of the most common traffic related pollutants is nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 Atmospheric dispersion models, such as ADMSUrban, can be used to examine emissions from many various sources (road transport, industrial, domestic) and to estimate or predict the concentration of pollutants emitted from these sources into the atmosphere. The paper examines the performance of ADMS Urban dispersion model to predict nitrogen dioxide concentrations from emission sources. Modelled concentrations for cold and warm seasons have been compared with measured nitrogen dioxide concentrations at 41 site in Kaunas city. The purpose of this study was to assess the dispersion of nitrogen dioxide pollution in cold and warm seasons comparing modelled with ADMS Urban model and measured with passive samplers NO 2 concentrations in Kaunas city. Modelled average nitrogen dioxide concentration in cold season was 21.79 mg/m 3 while measured with passive samplers 19.82 mg/m 3 The air pollution was significantly higher during the cold season. Modelled and measured NO 2 concentrations in warm season were 12.28 and 11.62 mg/m 3 respectively. Results showed that ADMS Urban dispersion model tends to overpredict nitrogen dioxide concentrations and this is most evident when smaller values are modelled, while modelled maximum concentrations are underestimated compared with measured NO 2 values.
Meat consumption and mortality results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Venue: BMC Medicine
Year: 2013

BackgroundRecently, some US cohorts have shown a moderate association between red and processed meat consumption and mortality supporting the results of previous studies among vegetarians. The aim of this study was to examine the association of red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with the risk of early death in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).MethodsIncluded in the analysis were 448,568 men and women without prevalent cancer, stroke, or myocardial infarction, and with complete information on diet, smoking, physical activity and body mass index, who were between 35 and 69 years old at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of meat consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality.ResultsAs of June 2009, 26,344 deaths were observed. After multivariate adjustment, a high consumption of red meat was related to higher all cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.28, 160+ versus 10 to 19.9 g/day) and the association was stronger for processed meat (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.66, 160+ versus 10 to 19.9 g/day) After correction for measurement error, higher all cause mortality remained significant only for processed meat (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.25, per 50 g/d) We estimated that 3.3% (95% CI 1.5% to 5.0% of deaths could be prevented if all participants had a processed meat consumption of less than 20 g/day. Significant associations with processed meat intake were observed for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and 'other causes of death' The consumption of poultry was not related to all cause mortality.ConclusionsThe results of our analysis support a moderate positive association between processed meat consumption and mortality, in particular due to cardiovascular diseases, but also to cancer.
Banff Digital Pathology Working Group: Going digital in transplant pathology
Venue: American journal of transplantation official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
Year: 2020

The Banff Digital Pathology Working Group (DPWG) was formed in the time leading up to and during the joint American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics/Banff Meeting, September 23 27, 2019, held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the meeting, the 14th Banff Conference, presentations directly and peripherally related to the topic of "digital pathology" were presented; and discussions before, during, and after the meeting have resulted in a list of issues to address for the DPWG. Included are practice standardization, integrative approaches for study classification, scoring of histologic parameters (eg, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and inflammation) algorithm classification, and precision diagnosis (eg, molecular pathways and therapeutics) Since the meeting, a survey with international participation of mostly pathologists (81% was conducted, showing that whole slide imaging is available at the majority of centers (71% but that artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning was only used in 12% of centers, with a wide variety of programs/algorithms employed. Digitalization is not just an end in itself. It also is a necessary precondition for AI and other approaches. Discussions at the meeting and the survey highlight the unmet need for a Banff DPWG and point the way toward future contributions that can be made.
Developing a community of inquiry instrument: Testing a measure of the Community of Inquiry framework using a multi institutional sample
Venue: Internet High. Educ.
Year: 2008

This article reports on the multi institutional development and validation of an instrument that attempts to operationalize Garrison, Anderson and Archer's Community of Inquiry (Col) framework (2000) The results of the study suggest that the instrument is a valid, reliable, and efficient measure of the dimensions of social presence and cognitive presence, thereby providing additional support for the validity of the Col as a framework for constructing effective online learning environments. While factor analysis supported the idea of teaching presence as a construct, it also suggested that the construct consisted of two factors one related to course design and organization and the other related to instructor behavior during the course. The article concludes with a discussion of potential implications of further refinement of the Col measures for researchers, designers, administrators, and instructors.
An Image Quality Assessment Based on property of HVS
Year: 2011

A novel image quality assessment algorithm based on property of HVS was proposed to evaluate the quality of image The algorithm exploits the important property of HVS such as multi channel structure,masking effect and band pass property of contrast sensitivity.The proposed algorithm can be summarized to three steps;firsdy,the muli channel behavior of HVS can be simulated after decomposing the original image to subband images by contourlet transform of Multiscale Geometric Analysis(MGA).Secondly,a model is employed to evaluate the visual error between the reference image and the distorted image in each decomposed subband.Finally,the image quality evaluation results are calculated from the visual error weighted factor which is the comparing results of CSF in various sub band. The assessment was tested by using the LIVE image database.The result shows that the proposed algorithm is better than PSNR and SSIM in stability and it correlates well with the judgment of human observers.
HEURISTICS FOR LICENSE PLATE DETECTION AND EXTRACTION
Year: 2011

License Plate Detection from images requires the segmentation of the license plate (LP) region from the larger image acquired by the camera. While there may be several LP candidate areas, the detection of the LP area (LPA) requires various diverse methods of image processing to be applied. After detection of a candidate LPA we extract the possible alphanumeric information. We further process the LPA information using heuristics to reject those candidates which may contain alphanumeric like region but which may not be LP information. In this paper we present several heuristics that successfully allow the detection and extraction of alphanumeric regions from correctly identified LPA. Subsequently the extracted alphanumeric regions are recognized by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Experiments on a number of images on Indian as well as international license plates acquired from the internet and some of our own images are shown here. We find that an accuracy of 88% is obtained from the images in the dataset. The open source software OpenCV configured with Code Blocks IDE (http:/sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/ was used for the experimentation.
Spatial Difference in Differences (SDID) Models for Impact of New Mass Rapid Transit Line on Private Housing Values
Year: 2016

This study uses the opening of the new Circle Line (CCL) in Singapore as a natural experiment to test the effects of urban rail transit networks on non landed private housing values. We use a network distance measure and a local polynomial regression approach to identify the CCL impact zone that shows discontinuity in housing price gradient between a treatment zone and a control zone. We then estimate a spatial difference in differences model that accounts for spatial autocorrelation in housing price changes in the two zones "before and after" the opening of the CCL, in addition to other controls, such as housing attributes, local amenities, spatial and temporal fixed effects. We find that the opening of the CCL increases housing value in the treated neighbourhoods located within the 600 metre network distance from the new CCL stations by approximately 7.8% relative to other properties in the untreated neighbourhoods. We also find significant "anticipation" effects that appear 1 year prior to the opening of the CCL line, and the effects diminish closer to the actual opening date. The results imply that inter dependence spatial structure between the treated and the untreated neighbourhoods is relevant and significant, if neglected, may lead to over estimation of capitalization effects of new transit lines on housing values.
A Typology of School Community Relationships
Year: 2016

School community relationships can serve many goals ranging from enhancing student achievement to community development. This article examines the relationship between school community partnerships and community development in light of a state prekindergarten policy that requires partnering. To understand the local responses, we propose a typology using a continuum of partnering, from isolation to committed partner, and a continuum of community health, from declining to growth. Using mixed method analysis, we apply this typology to the Universal Prekindergarten policy in New York State. The relationship among these measures illustrates the potential role of state education policy to positively or negatively affect the health of a community.
Translation et processus creatif des oeuvres visuelles aux Xe XIe siecles
Year: 2015

Grace a un livre d'Evangiles peint au debut du XIe siecle dans l'un des scriptoria des trois grandes abbayes du Nord de la France, les mecanismes de la creation cours du premier Moyen Age peuvent etre questionnes. Dans ce luxueux codex, references explicites aux livres d'Evangiles realises en l'an 800 dans l'entourage de Charlemagne permettent une reflexion sur la dialectique du modele et de la copie, question fort epineuse en histoire de l'art medieval. Or le modele est toujours reactualise dans la copie qui l'assimile et le travaille. Ce constat est un phenomene general de la creation medievale. Que ce soit en musique, en litterature en langue vernaculaire a partir du XIIe siecle, les memes questions se posent pour les innombrables variantes (limitees ou de vaste ampleur) qui caracterisent les manuscrits des romans. Le mecanisme de creation des images du premier Moyen Age s'inscrit dans la translatio studii, en tant que porteur et temoin de l'auctoritas, une oeuvre prestigieuse, laquelle auctoritas est presentee comme devant provenir de l'histoire, de la tradition, comme etant ainsi garantie par Dieu. Contrairement a l'Auctoritas supreme la Bible qui n'a jamais a etre reformulee, les oeuvres humaines, les auctoritates, selon la pratique de la translatio definie rhetorique antique, doivent etre recomposees dans un mouvement d'appropriation qui se concretise grace a l'inventio. L'oeuvre nouvelle enrichit l'oeuvre ancienne, la revele pour ses contemporains, l'adapte pour la reception, voire la surpasse pour devenir a son tour une auctoritas. Au sein de ce processus de creation, la memoire est l'outil, ce qui sert au fameux transfert du support a un autre. Comme les clercs qui emmagasinent, assimilent les ecrits patristiques et exegetiques, les concepteurs d'images incorporent les oeuvres qu'ils observent et se forgent un repertoire visuel mental. Ils y puisent les variantes infinies qui constituent leurs oeuvres.
The truck driver's watch: time and the working lives of long haul truck drivers in southern Africa
Year: 2015

The optimal use of time has shaped the organisation of productive activity in capitalist societies. This objective has similarly shaped labour in the truck transport industry. Drawing on mobile ethnographic fieldwork conducted amongst long haul truck drivers in southern Africa, I explore the unique ways in which time is folded into and dictates the greatest part of their lives on the road. While these drivers face a myriad of time consuming contingencies, they are constantly trying to move between different places in the quickest possible time. In the absence of well enforced regulations restricting their daily time on the road, they are willing to stretch the limits of their bodies in order to turn every available minute into distance and, therefore, into profit for their employers. This time discipline is not only externally imposed upon them, but also assumed and internalised to such an extent that they come to pride themselves on their own time thrift. By drawing inspiration from Burawoy's notion of work as a game, I suggest that we could make sense of truck drivers' willingness to work as hard as they do by thinking of their work in terms of a quest.
Mergers in Higher Education: The Portuguese Case
Year: 2019

In recent years, we have witnessed across European countries a "merger's mania" in the higher education sector as consequence of severe financial crisis or dramatic demographic changes. The mergers are the result of the voluntary initiative of institution and governments to restructure higher education systems in order to boost productivity, enhance teaching and learning quality, leverage research, increase effectiveness and efficiency or improve scores on ranks universities, for example, the attainment of "world class status" Mergers have become an important tool for restructuring higher educational system and for changingas well the university model and governance. When thinking about mergers, corporate mergers are most salient. Higher educational mergers are a special case of organizational mergers, often characterised by their involuntary nature, being often used by authorities as a measure to restructure the higher educational sector. This was not the case of the University of Lisbon, which was not a question of adding two institutions imposed by a top down decision from the Government bur rather a bottom up process initiated by the willing of the seven faculties of the former Technical University of Lisbon (TUL) and the eleven faculties of the former (Classical) University of Lisbon (UCL) The initial contacts for the merger were initiated at the end of 2010 by the rectors of the two universities and the merger was formally achieved in December of 2012. The process was led and controlled directly by the two rectors and the joint working group created in July of 2011. The main reasons for the merger were the possibility opened for expanding the research capacity, promoting cross fertilization between disciplines as well as research projects, and for encouraging the teamwork and mobility of teachers and students. It was intended that the new University would be able to achieve a higher visibility at the international level and a leading role in higher education at the national level. Another relevant aim for the merger was the idea of such an institutional academic move could contribute as well for strengthening the links with the city of Lisbon, turning its University into a
Teaching With a Technological Twist: Exit Tickets via Twitter in Literacy Classrooms
Year: 2016

In this article, the authors describe, reflect, and analyze the implementation of a commonly used teaching strategy with a technological twist: exit tickets via Twitter. Longitudinal data collected over the course of three years demonstrated that using Twitter to reinvent a nondigital teaching practice ultimately demonstrated a better understanding of student learning, provided a model for effective teaching, and offered more opportunities to hear student voices. Likewise, analyses showed the most important benefit of the strategy was an immediacy to classroom interactions. Examples of these interactions and the value in the immediacy, which allowed the instructor to capitalize on teachable moments and cocreate curriculum with students, are highlighted.
Social media as a heteroglossic discursive space and Kenya's emergent alternative/citizen experiment
Year: 2015

Over the past decade, Kenya's media landscape has witnessed a wave of transformative and disruptive technologies in the form of Web 2.0 applications, accessible through computers and now increasingly through mobile phones. These developments have since incubated two new critical media regimes. First, the country has seen the emergence of a new community of communication practitioners. Second, a new web enabled communication infrastructure has made possible the broadening of the public sphere, encouraging public participation in news, with non traditional journalistic platforms becoming important sites for 'alternative' journalism. This article critically reflects on how social media platforms such as Twitter (read here as a heteroglossic text and space) enable and encourage public participation in wider national conversations. The article explores this through the work of key bloggers/activists and citizen journalists, reflecting on how they construct as well as enable new participatory forms of civic/political engagement through Twitter. While the platform seems to have created its own hierarchies, horizontal participation is still much greater than with mainstream media formats. The discussion demonstrates the growing institutionalisation of the online space as an important platform for popular expression in Kenya, if at the same time offering an indictment of mainstream media's regime of 'closure' to outsider voices.
Internal Surface Plasmon Excitation as the Root Cause of Laser Induced Periodic Plasma Structure and Self Organized Nanograting Formation in the Volume of Transparent Dielectric
Venue: Nanomaterials
Year: 2020

A computer simulation of the dynamics of an optical discharge produced in the volume of a transparent dielectric (fused silica) by a focused femtosecond laser pulse was carried out taking into account the possibility of developing small scale ionization field instability. The presence of small foreign inclusions in the fused silica was taken into account with the model of a nanodispersed heterogeneous medium by using Maxwell Garnett formulas. The results of the calculations made it possible to reveal the previously unknown physical mechanism that determines the periodicity of the ordered plasma field structure that is formed in each single breakdown pulse and is the root cause of the ordered volume nanograting formation in dielectric material exposed to a series of repeated pulses. Two main points are decisive in this mechanism: (i) the formation of a thin overcritical plasma layer at the breakdown wave front counter propagated to the incident laser pulse and (ii) the excitation of the "internal surface plasmon" at this front, resulting in a rapid amplification of the corresponding spatial harmonic of random seed perturbations in the plasma and formation of a contrast structure with a period equal to the wavelength of the surface plasmon (0.7 of the wavelength in dielectric)