nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Students' Engagement of Reading Beyond the Word
Year: 2014

Teachers spend a great deal of time teaching students new vocabulary words. As the student matures, the student will learn how to read and write these words into sentences using similes, idioms, metaphors, and many other parts of speech. The authors will explore some basic areas of learning in the English language and the breakdown of five random, common, diverse words, and how teaching students to read may be more difficult for some learners. If you have ever performed an online search for the question, "What's in a word?" you were probably directed to a 1954 television show, a variety of games and quotes, or William Shakespeare. Much has been written regarding words, the grammar behind them, their definitions, the semantics of a word within a sentence, the morphemes, and phonemes, and many other parts of speech. Authors have written stories, using words intentionally to make a point, to complete a thought, to invent new ideas. Brilliant writers can create an escape from the ordinary with the reader's imagination. Words by themselves have such deep meanings and can be very personal or profound from individual to individual, taking on a life of their own. Even using the word "word" will evoke something in the hearts and minds of many people, whether that is something spiritual, communicative, contemplative, enlightening, or other feelings too numerous to state. In fact, many people around the world would have one thought when speaking about the meaning behind a word, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1, The Official King James Bible Online) Moreover, words are transitional, for example, the word "obtuse" in the English language may mean boorish or slow, on the other hand, in math it is an angle more than 90o, but less than 180o. Yehuda Berg, founder of the Kabbalah Centre, once stated: Words are singularly the most powerful force available to humanity. We can choose to use this force constructively with words of encouragement, or destructively using words of despair. Words have energy and power with the ability to help, to heal, to hinder, to hurt, to harm, to humiliate and to humble.
The Continuum of Aging and Age Related Diseases: Common Mechanisms but Different Rates
Venue: Front. Med.
Year: 2018

Geroscience, the new interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the relationship between aging and chronic age related diseases (ARDs) and geriatric syndromes (GSs) is based on epidemiological evidence and experimental data that aging is the major risk factor for such pathologies and assumes that aging and ARDs/GSs share a common set of basic biological mechanisms. A consequence is that the primary target of medicine is to combat aging instead of any single ARD/GSs one by one, as favored by the fragmentation into hundreds of specialties and sub specialties. If the same molecular and cellular mechanisms underpin both aging and ARDs/GSs, a major question emerges: which is the difference, if any, between aging and ARDs/GSs? The hypothesis that ARDs and GSs such as frailty can be conceptualized as accelerated aging will be discussed by analyzing in particular frailty, sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson as well as Down syndrome as an example of progeroid syndrome. According to this integrated view, aging and ARDs/GSs become part of a continuum where precise boundaries do not exist and the two extremes are represented by centenarians, who largely avoided or postponed most ARDs/GSs and are characterized by decelerated aging, and patients who suffered one or more severe ARDs in their 60s, 70s, and 80s and show signs of accelerated aging, respectively. In between these two extremes, there is a continuum of intermediate trajectories representing a sort of gray area. Thus, clinically different, classical ARDs/GSs are, indeed, the result of peculiar combinations of alterations regarding the same, limited set of basic mechanisms shared with the aging process. Whether an individual will follow a trajectory of accelerated or decelerated aging will depend on his/her genetic background interacting lifelong with environmental and lifestyle factors. If ARDs and GSs are manifestations of accelerated aging, it is urgent to identify markers capable of distinguishing between biological and chronological age to identify subjects at higher risk of developing ARDs and GSs. To this aim, we propose the use of DNA methylation, N glycans profiling, and gut microbiota composition to complement the available disease specific markers.
Effects of Pre reading Activities on EFL Reading by Iranian College Students
Year: 2017

This study investigated the effects of two pre reading activities (class discussion and vocabulary definitions) and a control condition on the reading comprehension of 57 Iranian college freshmen. It also investigated the differential facilitative effect of the two pre reading activities on the students' comprehension. Each student read an expository text under one of the three conditions and immediately afterwards answered a 9 item short answer test designed to measure comprehension of the text. A one way ANOVA and a post hoc comparison test were applied to the results. This revealed that the two pre reading activities produced significantly higher comprehension scores than the control condition. Vocabulary definitions activity resulted in increased comprehension compared with the control condition, but was significantly less effective than the class discussion activity. Results of the study were interpreted in relation to the schema theoretic view of the reading process, and to their implications for EFL reading instruction.
3D multirater RCNN for multimodal multiclass detection and characterisation of extremely small objects
Venue: MIDL
Year: 2019

Extremely small objects (ESO) have become observable on clinical routine magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions, thanks to a reduction in acquisition time at higher resolution. Despite their small size (usually $10 voxels per object for an image of more than $10^6$ voxels) these markers reflect tissue damage and need to be accounted for to investigate the complete phenotype of complex pathological pathways. In addition to their very small size, variability in shape and appearance leads to high labelling variability across human raters, resulting in a very noisy gold standard. Such objects are notably present in the context of cerebral small vessel disease where enlarged perivascular spaces and lacunes, commonly observed in the ageing population, are thought to be associated with acceleration of cognitive decline and risk of dementia onset. In this work, we redesign the RCNN model to scale to 3D data, and to jointly detect and characterise these important markers of age related neurovascular changes. We also propose training strategies enforcing the detection of extremely small objects, ensuring a tractable and stable training process.
De la fiction criminelle en Afrique. Relecture des films d'Ousmane Sembene
Year: 2008

Pour des raisons institutionnelles, ideologiques et meme sociologiques, le genre policier a eu de la difficulte a emerger dans les litteratures et surtout les cinemas d'Afrique. Si on note aujourd'hui une timide emergence avec quelques realisateurs d'Afrique de l'Ouest ainsi que dans de populaires films video nigerians, il est toutefois possible, en considerant de plus pres les theories sur la question, de constater que certains films d'Ousmane Sembene offrent des strategies esthetiques permettant de revoir sous un jour nouveau les oeuvres d'un realisateur dont les films ont ete souvent reduits a leurs composantes ideologiques. Ces relectures revelent aussi les limites des theories conventionnelles du genre qui se base generalement sur une perception idealiste et statique de l'Etat.
An immune beige adipocyte communication via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling
Venue: Nature Medicine
Year: 2018

Beige adipocytes have recently been shown to regulate energy dissipation when activated and help organisms defend against hypothermia and obesity. Prior reports indicate that beige like adipocytes exist in adult humans and that they may present novel opportunities to curb the global epidemic in obesity and metabolic illnesses. In an effort to identify unique features of activated beige adipocytes, we found that expression of the cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit (Chrna2) was induced in subcutaneous fat during the activation of these cells and that acetylcholine producing immune cells within this tissue regulated this signaling pathway via paracrine mechanisms. CHRNA2 functioned selectively in uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) positive beige adipocytes, increasing thermogenesis through a cAMP and protein kinase A dependent pathway. Furthermore, this signaling via CHRNA2 was conserved and present in human subcutaneous adipocytes. Inactivation of Chrna2 in mice compromised the cold induced thermogenic response selectively in subcutaneous fat and exacerbated high fat diet induced obesity and associated metabolic disorders, indicating that even partial loss of beige fat regulation in vivo had detrimental consequences. Our results reveal a beige selective immune adipose interaction mediated through CHRNA2 and identify a novel function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in energy metabolism. These findings may lead to identification of therapeutic targets to counteract human obesity.Inhibition of immune cell derived acetylcholine synthesis or of its signaling via CHRNA2 in beige adipocytes reduces thermogenesis and exacerbates diet induced obesity, suggesting a new mode of immuno fat communication in energy metabolism.
SiamCAR: Siamese Fully Convolutional Classification and Regression for Visual Tracking
Venue: 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Year: 2020

By decomposing the visual tracking task into two subproblems as classification for pixel category and regression for object bounding box at this pixel, we propose a novel fully convolutional Siamese network to solve visual tracking end to end in a per pixel manner. The proposed framework SiamCAR consists of two simple subnetworks: one Siamese subnetwork for feature extraction and one classification regression subnetwork for bounding box prediction. Different from state of the art trackers like Siamese RPN, SiamRPN+ and SPM, which are based on region proposal, the proposed framework is both proposal and anchor free. Consequently, we are able to avoid the tricky hyper parameter tuning of anchors and reduce human intervention. The proposed framework is simple, neat and effective. Extensive experiments and comparisons with state of the art trackers are conducted on challenging benchmarks including GOT 10K, LaSOT, UAV123 and OTB 50. Without bells and whistles, our SiamCAR achieves the leading performance with a considerable real time speed. The code is available at https:/github.com/ohhhyeahhh/SiamCAR.
Real time anomaly detection using parallelized intrusion detection architecture for streaming data
Year: 2020

High usage levels of networking technologies has resulted in large amounts of data being generated. This in turn has lured several fraudsters, whose anomalous behaviors create undesired consequences to legitimate users. This paper proposes an Adaptive Parallelized Intrusion Detection (APID) architecture to handle the hugeness and data imbalance associated with streaming data. The architecture is composed of a feature selection strategy to reduce data size, an effective data segregation mechanism to handle data imbalance and a heterogeneous ensemble and a heuristic combiner mechanism to provide effective predictions. Adaptivity is incorporated by the reinforcement mechanism that retrains the model based on false predictions given by the model. The proposed APID architecture is generic; hence, it supports heterogeneous models and can also incorporate any number of machine learning models. Hence, it becomes flexible to adapt the model to data pertaining to any domain. Experiments were performed with KDD CUP 99, NSL KDD, and Koyoto 2006 datasets. Comparisons performed with recent works in literature indicates anomaly detection rates between 98% to 99% exhibiting the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Teachers Cognition of Teaching English Pronunciation Techniques A Mixed Method Approach pdf
Year: 2016

In recent years, a great number of attempts have been made on teachers' cognition with the aim of understanding the complications reinforcing the teachers' cognitions and their classroom practices. Such studies shed light on how teachers' cognitions expand over time and how they are reflected in their classroom practices. The aim of the present study was to investigate Iranian EFL teachers' cognition particularly in terms of the pronunciation techniques they apply in the oral communication classrooms and their knowledge about their language learners' characteristics. To achieve the goals of the study, the cognitions of five English teachers in the oral communication classrooms were explored. The teachers were requested to answer two semi structured interviews to obtain the data about their cognitions regarding the pronunciation techniques. Furthermore, their students were asked to fill out a questionnaire to express their opinions about the techniques applied by their teachers during instruction of English pronunciation. The qualitative and quantitative results showed that there was an intricate relationship between language teachers' experience with their cognitions about their language learners. Moreover, those teachers who were in higher level language courses showed to have broader cognitions about both the techniques they used in classrooms and the language learners' characteristics as well.
Chitosan and gelatin based electrospun fibers for bone tissue engineering.
Venue: International journal of biological macromolecules
Year: 2019

Fractures and injuries pertaining to bone tissue usually take prolonged periods for its natural healing. To overcome this problem, the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE) has acquired an efficient designing mechanism that incorporates cells, biomaterials and the corresponding growth factors to promote both osteogenesis as well as mineralization of the bone. Amidst the various techniques available for scaffold creation, electrospinning is considered superior as it paves the way for the creation of nanostructured scaffolds using biopolymers. Chitosan (CS) and Gelatin (Gel) are two of the cardinal natural biopolymers used in the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering. They can be used either exclusively or in combination with other biopolymers for the enhancement of bone regeneration. Hence, this review aims to render an elaborate study on the CS and Gel based nanofibrous scaffolds with and without additional composites and the properties that they portray in terms of BTE.
Managing the health of the eSport athlete: an integrated health management model
Venue: BMJ Open Sport Exercise Medicine
Year: 2019

Objectives eSport is a form of electronic gaming, also known as professional or competitive video gaming, and is growing at a rapid pace worldwide. Over 50 US colleges have established varsity gaming teams over the past three years; some colleges offer eSport scholarships as they do for traditional sports. There is little objective research on the health habits of these players who are often placed under the direction of the athletics department on college campuses, and there is currently no health management model on how to treat these new athletes.  Anonymous electronic surveys were sent to 65 collegiate eSport players from nine universities across the USA and Canada inquiring about gaming and lifestyle habits, and musculoskeletal complaints due to eSport competition.  Players practiced between 3 and 10 hours per day. The most frequently reported complaint was eye fatigue (56% followed by neck and back pain (42% eSport athletes reported wrist pain (36% and hand pain (32% Forty per cent of participants do not participate in any form of physical exercise. Among the players surveyed, only 2% had sought medical attention. Conclusion eSport players, just like athletes in traditional sports, are susceptible to overuse injuries. The most common complaint was eye fatigue, followed by neck and back pain. This study shows eSport athletes are also prone to wrist and hand pain. This paper proposes a health management model that offers a comprehensive medical team approach to prevent and treat eSport athletes.
Modelling Context with User Embeddings for Sarcasm Detection in Social Media
Venue: CoNLL
Year: 2016

We introduce a deep neural network for automated sarcasm detection. Recent work has emphasized the need for models to capitalize on contextual features, beyond lexical and syntactic cues present in utterances. For example, different speakers will tend to employ sarcasm regarding different subjects and, thus, sarcasm detection models ought to encode such speaker information. Current methods have achieved this by way of laborious feature engineering. By contrast, we propose to automatically learn and then exploit user embeddings, to be used in concert with lexical signals to recognize sarcasm. Our approach does not require elaborate feature engineering (and concomitant data scraping) fitting user embeddings requires only the text from their previous posts. The experimental results show that our model outperforms a state of the art approach leveraging an extensive set of carefully crafted features.
Norwegian Waste to Energy: Climate change, circular economy and carbon capture and storage
Year: 2017

Recently, the European Commission has adopted a Circular Economy package. In addition, climate change is regarded as a major global challenge, and the de carbonization of the energy sector requires a massive transformation that involves an increase of renewable shares in the energy mix and the incorporation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) processes. Given all this strong new momentum, what will the Norwegian waste to energy (WtE) look like in a decade? What threats and opportunities are foreseen? In an attempt to answer these questions, this study combines process based life cycle assessment with analysis of the overall energy and material balances, mathematical optimization and cost assessment in four scenarios: (1) the current situation of the Norwegian WtE sector, (2) the implications of the circular economy, (3) the addition of CCS on the current WtE system and (4) a landfill scenario. Except for climate change, the CCS scenario performs worse than the WtE scenario. The energy recovering scenarios perform better than the recycling scenario for (1) freshwater eutrophication and human toxicity potentials due to secondary waste streams and (2) ozone depletion potential due to the additional fossil fuel used in the recycling processes. The inclusion of the near term climate forcers decreases the climate change impacts by 1% to 13% due to a net cooling mainly induced by NO x Circular economy may actually give the WtE system the opportunity to strengthen and expand its role towards new or little developed value chains such as secondary raw materials production and valorization of new waste streams occurring in material recycling.
The Relevance to Investors of Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosures
Year: 2012

This study documents that investors care about companies' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission disclosures. Three kinds of evidence support this finding. First, using companies that disclose GHG emissions voluntarily through the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) we show that investors act as if they use GHG emission information to assess company value. Second, our evidence finds that investors view estimates of non disclosed GHG emission amounts as value relevant, suggesting that stock prices reflect GHG information from channels other than CDP disclosure. Third, we conduct an event study and observe a significant stock market response when companies disclose climate change information in an 8 K filing. Our results strengthen for GHG intensive industries such as utilities, energy, and materials companies, whose valuation effects are more negative. Economically, our results suggest that for every ton of GHG emitted by the median company in our sample at an assumed cost of $20 per ton, the stock market recognizes about 20 50 percent of that amount as an off balance sheet liability.
Network security analyzing and modeling based on Petri net and Attack tree for SDN
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)
Year: 2016

Due to the widespread research on Software Defined Networks (SDNs) its security has received much attention recently. But most of those attempts consider SDN security from the OpenFlow perspective. To the best of our knowledge, none so far has paid attention to the security analysis and modeling of Forwarding and Control planes Separation Network Structure (FCSNS) in SDN. Therefore, this paper provides a different approach to network security based on Petri net and Attack tree models. Our objective is to analyze the FCSNS security via the combination of model and state. This method represents the network structure and state transferring by way of Petri net. In addition, it introduces the security analysis method of STRIDE to build up the Attack tree model. Finally, we analyze FCSNS via the combination of Petri net and Attack tree model and present the results. Our results are very promising in using such models to achieve such security objectives.
Fertile Connections: Thinking across Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Parenting Culture Studies
Year: 2018

While studies of 'parenting culture' and 'assisted reproductive technologies' are now well established areas of social science scholarship, so far, the potential connections between the two fields have not been significantly explored. Responding to calls for a more 'processual' approach to studying reproduction in order to make clearer contributions to sociological theory more broadly, we begin a dialogue between these mutually relevant bodies of literature, highlighting connections and crosscutting findings. We focus on four interlinked themes Reflexivity, Gender, Expertise and Stratification and promote a more holistic approach to understanding how children are conceived and cared for within the current 'Euro American' reproductive landscape. By way of conclusion, we draw attention to the contemporary context of 'anxious reproduction' and propose directions for future research.