nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Exergy and sustainability index of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector: A theoretical and experimental study
Venue: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Year: 2019

This paper presents a review of the exergy and sustainability index of solar thermal systems. The review includes exergy analyses of solar collectors, solar drying systems and photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. Solar collectors, the most essential components of solar thermal systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. The PVT collector is a popular means of harvesting solar energy. A PVT collector can generate electrical and thermal energies simultaneously. Experimental and theoretical approaches for a PVT air collector with a corrugated absorber are investigated in this study. A steady state energy analysis of the PVT air collector is performed to predict photovoltaic (PV) and air outlet temperatures. Experimental results are in close agreement with the results of the theoretical study. The percentage errors of PV and air outlet temperatures between experimental and theoretical values are 5.49% and 3.75% respectively. The PVT exergy efficiency of the PVT air collector with a corrugated absorber is 13.36% and 12.89% for the theoretical and experimental study, respectively. Furthermore, a sustainability index is proposed. The sustainability index of the PVT air collector is 1.168 and 1.148 for the theoretical and experimental study, respectively.
Iron lines from transient and persisting hot spots on AGN accretion disks
Year: 2007

We model the X ray reprocessing from a strong co rotating flare above an accretion disk in active galactic nuclei. By performing detailed radiative transfer computations we explore the horizontal structure and evolution of the underlying hot spot. The main goal is to study how the resulting spectral features manifest themselves in short exposure time spectra.  We analyze both the vertical and the horizontal spot structure and its dynamical reprocessed spectrum. To obtain the spectral evolution seen by a distant observer, we apply a general relativity ray tracing technique. We concentrate on the energy band around the iron K line, where the relativistic effects are most pronounced. Persistent flares lasting for a significant fraction of the orbital time scale and short, transient flares are considered.  In our time resolved analysis, the spectra recorded by a distant observer depend on the position of the flare/spot with respect to the central black hole. If the flare duration significantly exceeds the light travel time across the spot, then the spot horizontal stratification is unimportant. On the other hand, if the flare duration is comparable to the light travel time across the spot radius, the lightcurves exhibit a typical asymmetry in their time profiles. The sequence of dynamical spectra proceeds from more strongly to less strongly ionized re emission. At all locations within the spot the spectral intensity increases towards edge on emission angles, revealing the limb brightening effect.  Future X ray observatories with significantly larger effective collecting areas will enable to spectroscopically map out the azimuthal irradiation structure of the accretion disk and to localize persistent flares. If the hot spot is not located too close to the marginally stable orbit of the black hole, it will be possible to probe the reflecting medium via the sub structure of the iron K line. Indications for transient flares will only be obtained from analyzing the observed lightcurves on the gravitational time scale of the accreting supermassive black hole.
SYNERGIC TRIAL (SYNchronizing Exercises, Remedies in Gait and Cognition) a multi Centre randomized controlled double blind trial to improve gait and cognition in mild cognitive impairment
Venue: BMC Geriatrics
Year: 2018

BackgroundPhysical exercise, cognitive training, and vitamin D are low cost interventions that have the potential to enhance cognitive function and mobility in older adults, especially in pre dementia states such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Aerobic and progressive resistance exercises have benefits to cognitive performance, though evidence is somewhat inconsistent. We postulate that combined aerobic exercise (AE) and progressive resistance training (RT) (combined exercise) will have a better effect on cognition than a balance and toning control (BAT) intervention in older adults with MCI. We also expect that adding cognitive training and vitamin D supplementation to the combined exercise, as a multimodal intervention, will have synergistic efficacy.MethodsThe SYNERGIC trial (SYNchronizing Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition) is a multi site, double blinded, five arm, controlled trial that assesses the potential synergic effect of combined AE and RT on cognition and mobility, with and without cognitive training and vitamin D supplementation in older adults with MCI. Two hundred participants with MCI aged 60 to 85 years old will be randomized to one of five arms, four of which include combined exercise plus combinations of dual task cognitive training (real vs. sham) and vitamin D supplementation (3 x 10,000 IU/wk. vs. placebo) in a quasi factorial design, and one arm which receives all control interventions. The primary outcome measure is the ADAS Cog (13 and plus modalities) measured at baseline and at 6 months of follow up. Secondary outcomes include neuroimaging, neuro cognitive performance, gait and mobility performance, and serum biomarkers of inflammation (C reactive protein and interleukin 6) neuroplasticity (brain derived neurotropic factor) endothelial markers (vascular endothelial growth factor 1) and vitamin D serum levels.DiscussionThe SYNERGIC Trial will establish the efficacy and feasibility of a multimodal intervention to improve cognitive performance and mobility outcomes in MCI. These interventions may contribute to new approaches to stabilize and reverse cognitive mobility decline in older individuals with MCI.Trial RegistrationIdentifier: NCT02808676. https:/www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02808676.
Media Literacy for Older People facing the Digital Divide: The e Inclusion Programmes Design
Year: 2014

This article is based on the fact that the Spanish population is aging, and is second only to Japan in its total number of senior citizens. Given this situation and the omnipresence of new technologies in everyday life, the use of Internet and ICT for older people is essential. The latest report by IMSERSO shows that only 15.6% of people aged between 65 and 74 connected to the Internet in the 3 month period measured. The data seem to show that there is a generational digital divide to be overcome. The studies that have addressed this issue have focused more on regional and specific aspects of the relationship between age and Internet use intensity, and these studies use age ranges as criteria. Other studies have introduced variables such as seniors' economic situation or educational level. With this in mind, public policies have sought to reduce this generational digital divide through a number of media literacy and e learning projects but without success due to their poor methodological approach. This paper proposes a number of new methodological approaches to tackle the design of digital literacy programs for older people based on criteria such as degree of autonomy and the possibilities for enjoying everyday life, proposing the development of programs based on contextualism, incrementalism, motivation and absorption processes.
A critique of linguistic minorities of Karnataka and newmedia
Year: 2017

Today there is greater realization of the need to preserve linguistic heterogeneity and yet again media has come to the rescue of lesser known languages that are being crushed under the weight of language of the majorities. India has given official language status to 18 languages. State reorganization on linguistic basis in Karnataka also led to the neglect of linguistic minorities who were compelled to learn and adopt thelanguage of the majority in education, employment, and governance. Kodava, Tulu and Konkani speaking populations are the linguistic minorities of the state who failed to establish political identity and cultural supremacy owing to marginalization of theirlanguage.
Abstract 2784: Intratracheally delivered perflurocarbon nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy against lung cancer
Year: 2020

Radiotherapy (RT) is a major treatment modality for lung cancer. Despite of technological advances, the five year survival rate remains low. There is an urgent need of new and effective approaches that can selectively sensitize lung cancer cells to radiation. In this proof of concept study, we tested whether intratracheally(IT) delivered perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC NPs) can enhance radiotherapy against lung cancer. We hypothesize that the approach can capitalize on the oxygen loading capacity of PFC NPs and solve the unfavorable delivery problem associated with systemically injected PFC NPs. Therapy studies were performed in mice bearing subcutaneously inoculated H460 tumors and in orthotopicVX2 tumor models established on New Zealand white rabbits. PET/CT, 19F MRI, and DCE MRI were employed to assess PFC NPs delivery and treatment outcomes. 1H MRS was performed on tumors from different treatment groups and the results were compared with in vivo imaging. For both tumor models, animals were divided into four groups (n=3 for rabbits and 5 for mice) (1) control; (2) PFC NPs only; (3) radiotherapy only; and (4) RT+PFC NPs group. Tumor tissues were subjected to pathology analysis and the results were compared with imaging data. Urine samples were collected and analyzed by UPLC Q TOF MS/MS to assess metastasis. Our results showed that combining IT delivered PFC NPs and radiotherapy led to significantly enhanced tumor growth inhibition. Specifically, 19F MRI confirmed that PFC NPs can deliver O2 to tumors and increase the mean pO2. DCE MRI showed distinct tumor blood perfusion behaviors in the RT+PFC NPs group (P Citation Format: Lina Wu, Jin Xie. Intratracheally delivered perflurocarbon nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy against lung cancer [abstract]  . Philadelphia (PA) AACR;
TCON A lightweight Trust dependent Consensus framework for blockchain
Venue: 2019 11th International Conference on Communication Systems Networks (COMSNETS)
Year: 2019

The consensus algorithm played a significant role in successful adoption of Blockchain technology. The security of bitcoin blockchain hugely depends on the complexity and reliability of the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus. However, a non financial application, whose security requirements are less demanding, requires faster operation and so PoW is not suitable for many of the commercial applications. In this paper, we propose a lightweight Trust dependent Consensus scheme (TCON) for a blockchain based IoT access control framework. TCON ensures that the blocks are added at a faster rate, spending minimal energy compared to PoW based systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the notion of trust is quantified and used as a means to simplify the consensus problem in blockchain. A comparison of the various metrics to understand the differences in overhead involved suggest that the proposed scheme outperforms other non trust based consensus schemes.
Incidencia y factores psicosociales y familiares vinculados a la adiccion a internet y a los videojuegos online: un estudio longitudinal en poblacion adolescente
Year: 2018

La evidencia indica que el uso desadaptativo de Internet puede generar un impacto negativo, pudiendo ser causa y/o consecuencia de problemas de salud. El objetivo principal de este estudio correlacional longitudinal fue revelar los factores personales, sociales y familiares que desencadenan el inicio, persistencia y remision de la adiccion a Internet (AI) y la adiccion a los videojuegos (AV) en adolescentes canarios. La muestra se constituyo por 550 estudiantes de educacion secundaria de colegios tanto publicos como privados, con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 18 anos (M 13.43; D. T. 1.23) El 51.1% fueron chicos y el resto chicas. Los participantes fueron evaluados en dos momentos diferentes, pasado un periodo de nueve meses. Se incluyeron medidas de personalidad (big five, impulsividad y hostilidad) sintomatologia psicopatologica (ansiedad y depresion) habilidades sociales y adaptacion familiar. Analisis preliminares de correlacion revelaron asociaciones entre el genero masculino y el colegio privado y ambas adicciones. Ademas, los analisis de correlacion y la regresion logistica informaron que jovenes con problemas emocionales, impulsividad, baja cordialidad y estabilidad emocional, asi como disfunciones en la adaptacion familiar tienen mas probabilidad de desarrollar AI que aquellos sin estas caracteristicas. Asi mismo, problemas emocionales, un deficit en habilidades sociales, impulsividad y disfunciones familiares predisponen a los adolescentes al inicio de la AV. Por otro lado, los participantes en remision de la AI pasado un periodo de nueve meses mostraron mejoras en depresion, hostilidad y habilidades sociales, mientras que los participantes en remision de la AV mostraron mejoras en habilidades sociales, estabilidad emocional y disminuyeron significativamente los niveles de ansiedad y hostilidad. Estos datos proporcionan informacion relevante para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevencion e intervencion. Palabras clave: adiccion a Internet; adiccion a los videojuegos online; adolescentes; estudio longitudinal; factores protectores; factores de riesgo.
Mental health promoting Interventions for the unemployed: a systematic review of applied techniques and effectiveness
Year: 2017

Unemployment is associated with a diminished mental health. Interventions to improve mental health for the unemployed exist. However, there is no clear overview with respect to the content and effectiveness of these interventions. A systematic search was conducted and, included studies that targeted unemployed adults, described an intervention and reported mental health as an outcome measure. After screening, 24 studies remained, which contained 21 different interventions. These interventions could be classified into three categories: occupational skills training interventions, psychological interventions and combined interventions. The majority of the studies reported significant short term effects on mental health, but in most cases evidence of sustained effects was lacking or not assessed. There is promising evidence that interventions combining occupational skills and resilience training are effective in promoting mental health. However, there is a need for high quality research on the intervention effects on the mental health of the (long term) unemployed.
Less or More Intensive Crop Arable Systems of Alentejo Region of Portugal: what is the sustainable option?
Year: 2015

Competitiveness of traditional arable crop system of Alentejo region of Portugal has been questioned for long. Discussion and research on the sustainability of the system has evolved on two contrasted alternative options for production technologies to traditional system. On the one hand reduced and no tillage systems aim to more extensive technical operations reducing costs and maintaining production, or even to increase it in the long run as soil fertility improves. On the other hand, input intensification using irrigation, as a complement in the last stage of crop cycle or always when needed, aimed to increase system production levels. To evaluate competitiveness and sustainability of arable crop system we evaluated traditional rotation technology and alternative no tillage and irrigation systems and analyze their farm economic results as well as their energy efficiency and environmental impacts. The analysis of the impact of no tillage and irrigation on arable land production system showed that both alternatives contributed to cost savings and profit earnings, energy savings and reduced GHG emissions, increasing physical and economic factor efficiency. Research and technological development of both options are worthwhile to promote competitiveness and sustainability of arable crop production systems of the Alentejo region in Portugal.
Understanding Perceptions: User Responses to Browser Warning Messages
Venue: HCI
Year: 2019

With changes in interfaces resulting from the proliferation of IOT devices and new technologies such as self driving vehicles, user reactions to browser messages may also change. This paper reviews the literature on user reactions to browser warnings, with emphasis on screen size and form factors. The literature indicates that browser warning message design, habituation, awareness of risk and screen size are aspects that effect user perception of risk. This article surveys the findings while noting challenges and proposed solutions to support effective provision of and user compliance with browser security warnings as well as important user study design considerations for future work in particular, future work on the effect of screen size on user perception of browser warnings.
Least Path Interference Beaconing Protocol (LIBP) A Frugal Routing Protocol for The Internet of Things
Venue: WWIC
Year: 2014

This paper presents a frugal protocol for sensor readings dissemination in the Internet of Things (IoT) The protocol called Least Path Interference Beaconing (LIBP) is based on a lightweight path selection model that builds a routing spanning tree rooted at the sink node based on information disseminated through a periodic beaconing process. LIBPs frugality results from a routing process where the sensor nodes select the least path interfering parents on the routing spanning tree with the expectation of flow balancing the traffic routed from nodes to the sink of a sensor network. The simulation results produced by Cooja under the Contiki operating system are in agreement with previous results obtained under the TinyOS operating system. They reveal that LIBP outperforms different versions of the RPL protocol and the CTP protocol in terms of power consumption, scalability, throughput and recovery from failure as well as its frugality as a routing protocol.
A Geometric ConvNet on 3D Shape Manifold for Gait Recognition
Venue: 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Year: 2020

In this work we propose a geometric deep convolutional auto encoder (DCAE) for the purpose of gait recognition by analyzing time varying 3D skeletal data. Sequences are viewed as time parameterized trajectories on the Kendall shape space S, results of modding out shape preserving transformations (scaling, translations and rotations) The accommodation of ConvNet architectures to properly approximate manifold valued trajectories on the underlying non linear space \mathcal{S} is a must. Thus, we make use of geometric steps prior to the encoding decoding scheme. That is, shape trajectories are first log mapped to tangent spaces attached to the shape space at a time varying average trajectory m, then, obtained vectors are transported to a common tangent space {T_{\mu (0)\mathcal{S} at the starting point of m. Without applying any prior temporal alignment (e.g. Dynamic Time Warping) or modeling (e.g. HMM, RNN) the transported trajectories are then fed to a convolutional auto encoder to build subject specific latent spaces. The proposed approach was tested on two publicly available datasets. Our approach outperforms existing approaches on CMU gait dataset, while performances on UPCV K2 are comparable to existing approaches. We demonstrate that combining geometric invariance (i.e. Kendall's representation) with our data driven ConvNet model is suitable to alleviate spatial and temporal variability, respectively.
Modeling Computation A 26 Hierarchical Organization of Modularity in Metabolic Networks
Year: 2010

The identification and characterization of system level features of biological organization is a key issue of post genomic biology. An elegant proposal addressing the cells functional architecture is offered by the concept of modularity, assuming that the cell can be partitioned into a collection of modules. Each module, a discrete entity of several elementary components, performs an identifiable biological task, separable from the functions of other modules. Yet, it is now widely recognized that the thousands of components of the metabolism are dynamically connected to one another, such that the cells functional properties are ultimately encoded into a complex metabolic web of molecular interactions. Within this network, however, modular organization and clear boundaries between sub networks are not immediately apparent. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic networks have a scale free topology. A distinguishing feature of such scale free networks is the existence of a few hubs, highly connected metabolites such as pyruvate or CoA, which participate in a very large number of metabolic reactions. With a large number of links, these hubs integrate all substrates into a single, integrated web in which the existence of fully separated modules is prohibited.
Learning an Executable Neural Semantic Parser
Venue: CL
Year: 2019

This article describes a neural semantic parser that maps natural language utterances onto logical forms that can be executed against a task specific environment, such as a knowledge base or a database, to produce a response. The parser generates tree structured logical forms with a transition based approach, combining a generic tree generation algorithm with domain general grammar defined by the logical language. The generation process is modeled by structured recurrent neural networks, which provide a rich encoding of the sentential context and generation history for making predictions. To tackle mismatches between natural language and logical form tokens, various attention mechanisms are explored. Finally, we consider different training settings for the neural semantic parser, including fully supervised training where annotated logical forms are given, weakly supervised training where denotations are provided, and distant supervision where only unlabeled sentences and a knowledge base are available. Experiments across a wide range of data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our parser.
Does International Accounting Network Membership Affect Audit Fees and Audit Quality? Evidence From China
Year: 2017

Regulators suggest that small audit firms join international accounting networks to reduce their resource constraints in serving large clients and providing high quality service. Bills, Cunningham, and Myers (2016) investigate the issue in the United States and find that both audit fees and quality are higher for members of international accounting networks (i.e. member audit firms) We investigate the effects of network membership on audit fees and quality in China, a relatively weaker institutional environment than the United States. Using data of Chinese listed companies audited by non Big N audit firms from 2001 to 2010, we find that member audit firms charge 3.9% higher fees than nonmember audit firms, much lower than the 30% fee premiums charged by U.S. member audit firms. We do not find consistent evidence that audit quality is higher for member audit firms. Overall, our results demonstrate that China's weak institutional environment may overwhelm the quality control brought by international accounting networks and that it may weaken or even offset the benefits of audit firms' participation in these networks, resulting in smaller or even no effects of membership on audit fees and quality.
Le paludisme, une symptomatologie aspecifique
Year: 2018

Resume La symptomatologie du paludisme est proteiforme. Elle varie selon l'espece plasmodiale infectante, le terrain du patient et le delai de prise en charge. Le tableau clinique est le plus souvent aigu et se presente sous forme d'un acces palustre simple ou d'un acces grave. Des atteintes subaigues ou chroniques d'infections viscerales sont rapportees. Certaines especes de Plasmodium entrainent des recurrences.