nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Principles of Electoral Law in the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court
Year: 2013

This paper aims to find an answer to the questions of what principles of electoral law are entrenched in the Constitution of 1992; what is their content and importance. In the Constitution expressis verbis are entrenched four principles of Parliamentary, Presidential and Municipal elections: universal, equal, direct suffrage and secret ballot. The Constitutional Court has exclusive powers to construe the Constitution officially and to provide the official concept of the provisions of the Constitution, so in order to find an answer to the above mentioned questions it is necessary to analyse not only the text of the Constitution itself, but also the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court reveals that not only the above mentioned four principles, but also other principles of electoral law, inter alia the constitutional principle of free and democratic elections, the principle of publicity, the principle of honest competition in elections, the principle of transparency of the election process are entrenched in the Constitution. There is no finite list of the principles of electoral law. The analysis of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court shows that the main principles, whose content was best revealed, are universal, equal, direct, free suffrage and secret ballot. The content of the principles of electoral law are revealed in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court case by case. In every case the Constitutional Court reveals as much of the content of the particular principle as is necessary for the fair resolution of the case. The constitutional principles of electoral law are applicable not only in the elections of national representative political institutions, but also in the elections of the European Parliament which is the representative political institution of the European Union. The constitutional principles of electoral law are important for the implementation of both active and passive electoral rights. These principles are the criterions on the grounds of which the democracy of the elections and the validity of the results of the election, are assessed and they are the criterions for assessment whether the representative political institutions are instituted properly, whether the constitutional rights to vote and to stand for election are not violated.
ATTACHMENT STYLES AS PREDICTORS OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS IN UNITED KINGDOM
Year: 2020

People who migrate from their countries to foreign countries with their culture and values consciously or unconsciously elect how they would interact with the people in the new location, though, this is largely determined by the acculturation strategy adopted by the individuals. The present study investigates the extent to which attachment style influences how individuals who relocates to another country adapts to the culture in their new environment. The study focuses on four identified attachment styles in social psychological literature which includes: secure attachment, fearful, dismissive and preoccupied attachment styles and their influence on adaptations, i.e. integration, marginalisation, separation and assimilation.The study was conducted online. Nigerians and other African immigrants residing in London were invited to fill an online questionnaire. Snowball approach was used to get respondents who were 3000 in all. The two measures adopted in the research included: Attachment Styles Scales developed by Hazen Shaver (1987) and Acculturation Strategy Scale developed by (Berry 1994) The data collected was analysed using a Simple Regression analysis, Chi square and Pearson coefficient correlation analysis. The results of the hypotheses tested showed that secure attachment style has a significant influence on the adoption of integration strategy in acculturation, the study also found a significant positive relationship between fearful attachment style and separation adaptation strategy. Moreover, preoccupied attachment style was found to be significantly related to marginalisation strategy. However, the result was unable to find any significant relationship between dismissive style and marginalisation strategy. The study discussed the implications of the findings on intergroup relations of migrants and their hosts.
The negative sociocultural impacts of tourism on Bedouin communities of Petra, Jordan
Year: 2019

Tourism impacts on destinations have been widely researched; however, few studies have investigated the sociocultural impacts of tourism on local communities in Jordan. The aim of this paper is to explore the negative impacts of tourism development on the local culture of Bedouins of Petra in Jordan. The paper employed qualitative semi structured in depth interviews with (18) Bedouin employees in the tourism services in the region of Petra. The authors adopted the Social Exchange Theory (SET) to explain the behaviour and attitudes of Bedouins towards tourism development in Petra. The study showed that the Bedouins of Petra had witnessed significant negative impacts in terms of negative sociocultural changes; school dropouts and child labour; and alteration of sociocultural values. To interrogate some of the fundamental consequences of tourism development for the Bedouins, the researchers emphasise that strategic plans are needed to facilitate the sustainable development of tourism for the future.
Exploiting syntactic and neighbourhood attributes to address cold start in tag recommendation
Venue: Inf. Process. Manag.
Year: 2019

Many state of the art tag recommendation methods were designed considering that an initial set of tags is available in the target object. However, the effectiveness of these methods greatly suffer in a cold start scenario in which those initial tags are absent (although other features of the target object, such as title and description, may be present) To tackle this problem, previous work extracts candidate terms directly from the text associated with the target object or from similar/related objects, and use statistical properties of the occurrence of words, such as term frequency (TF) and inverse document frequency (IDF) to rank the candidate tags for recommendation. Yet, these properties, in isolation, may not be enough to effectively rank candidate tags, specially when they are extracted from the typically small and possibly low quality texts associated with Web 2.0 objects. In this work, we analyze various syntactic patterns (e.g. syntactic dependencies between words in a sentence) of the text associated with Web 2.0 objects that can be exploited to identify and recommend tags. We also propose new tag quality attributes based on these patterns, including them as new evidence to be exploited by state of the art Learning to Rank (L2R) based tag recommenders. We evaluate our tag recommendation methods using real data from four Web 2.0 applications, finding that, for three out of our four datasets, the inclusion of our new proposed syntactic tag quality attributes brings improvements to two L2R based tag recommenders with gains of up to 17% in precision. Furthermore, we find that recommendations provided by these methods can be further expanded exploiting the target object's neighbourhood (i.e. similar objects) Our characterization and feature importance analysis results show that our syntactic attributes can indeed help discriminate relevant from non relevant tags, being complementary to other, more traditional, tag quality attributes, particularly for datasets in which the textual features are short and or present low quality.
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth in Tanzania
Year: 2014

The broad objective of this study is to analyze the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in Tanzania. The impact of trade liberalization on economic growth has raised a great attention to many researchers in the international trade arena. Various studies have been conducted however the literature still has the mixed bag of results. Thus, the researchers were motivated to pursue this study so as to fill the gap in the International Trade in Tanzania. The study adopted a simple linear regression model where real GDP was the dependent variable while trade openness was the independent variable. Annual time series data was used covering the period 1970 2010. This overall period was then subdivided into a closed economy period (1970 1985) and a open economy period (1986 2010) OLS technique was used to estimate the regression model twice, regarding the two sub periods. The empirical findings indicated that trade openness had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Tanzania. However, this effect was relatively greater during the closed economy compared to the open economy period. It has been indicated that since late 1980s Tanzania experienced continuous trade deficits in her accounts. This has been the contributing factor in the obtained results. Thus, the study recommended that there is a need for the country to put strong initiative on adding value on her exports so as to compensate for imports. There is a need of developing more domestic industries and attracting more investors in the economy. Also the elimination of unnecessary tariffs is required.
Advances in Computational Social Science and Social Simulation
Year: 2014

Readers will find results of recent research on computational social science and social simulation economics, management, sociology,and history written by leading experts in the field. SOCIAL SIMULATION (former ESSA) conferences constitute annual events which serve as an international platform for the exchange of ideas and discussion of cutting edge research in the field of social simulations, both from the theoretical as well as applied perspective, and the 2014 edition benefits from the cross fertilization of three different research communities into one single event. The volume consists of 122 articles, corresponding to most of the contributions to the conferences, in three different formats: short abstracts (presentation of work in progress research) posters (presentation of models and results) and full papers (presentation of social simulation research including results and discussion) The compilation is completed with indexing lists to help finding articles by title, author and thematic content. We are convinced that this book will serve interested readers as a useful compendium which presents in a nutshell the most recent advances at the frontiers of computational social sciences and social simulation research
Use of native woodlands and traditional olive groves by foraging bats on a Mediterranean island: consequences for conservation
Year: 2007

We recorded bat activity on Zakynthos island (Greece) to test the hypotheses that (1) olive (Olea europea) groves and native woodlands provide comparable foraging habitat for insectivorous bats, (2) lower foraging activity occurs in olive groves treated with insecticide chemicals. We acoustically sampled bat activity (passes per minute) in four wooded habitats (organic and non organic olive groves, oak woodland (Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera) and pine (Pinus halepensis) woodland from June to August 2005. Habitat type did not affect overall bat activity. A single application of insecticide chemicals annually did not affect activity over traditional olive groves. Habitat use on the island differed in several ways from that reported in studies at mainland sites. Most strikingly, pine woodland supported higher bat activity than expected relative to other habitat types, and we recorded unexpectedly high levels of M. capaccinii activity in woodland habitats. We suggest that traditional olive groves buffer some bat species from the effects of deforestation. Conservation plans for Mediterranean bats should consider the biodiversity value of these groves along with the need to conserve small woodland patches. Finally, understanding island specific patterns of habitat use is essential to bat conservation on small off shore islands.
A Survey On Distance Based Outlier Detection
Year: 2016

Data mining is technique used for outlier Detection. Outlier is a data point which is different from the rest of data. Outlier Detection finds the pattern which is not similar to regular behavior. The entire methodologies for outlier detection can be broadly categorized as supervised outlier detection methods, semi supervised outlier detection methods and unsupervised outlier detection methods. Unsupervised outlier detection methods have been proved to be prominent in most cases, where high dimensional data come in practice. Outlier detection can usually be considered as a pre processing step for locating, in a data set, those objects that do not conform to well defined notions of expected behavior. In the previous work, Antihub method and unsupervised method is used for outlier detection. Here the distance based outlier detection is proposed by using antihub and semisupervised learning.
TA Rancang Bangun E Commerce Buah Maja Dengan Konsep Dropshipping
Year: 2019

Kerajinan dan alat alat musik yang berbahan dasar buah maja kini semakin banyak peminatnya mulai dari warga lokal hingga mancanegara. Banyaknya peminat menyebabkan permintaan kerajinan dari buah maja semakin meningkat sehingga membuat perajin buah maja merasakan kesulitan dalam mencari bahan baku buah maja. Sulitnya mendapatkan bahan baku buah maja dikarenakan pohon maja yang sudah jarang ditemui, hal ini disebabkan masyarakat sudah menganggap buah maja sebagai limbah sehingga jarang yang mau menanam pohon maja. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka solusi yang dapat diberikan yaitu membuat website e commerce dengan konsep dropshipping. Konsep dropshipping dipilih karena peneliti sebagai pemilik e commerce tidak perlu melakukan penyetokan buah maja terlebih dahulu dan bahkan tanpa harus melakukan pengiriman buah maja. Hasil dari uji coba yang telah dilakukan dengan black box testing adalah dengan adanya website e commerce dengan konsep dropshipping khusus untuk menjual buah maja mampu mempertemukan perajin dan supplier buah maja sehingga membantu perajin memperoleh informasi buah maja yang dijual dan dapat melakukan pembelian buah maja sedangkan supplier dapat melakukan penjualan buah maja dengan melakukan konfirmasi stok, pencairan saldo, dan memperoleh informasi berupa grafik laporan penjualan.
Modeling Car Following Behaviors and Driving Styles with Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2020

Building a human like car following model that can accurately simulate drivers' car following behaviors is helpful to the development of driving assistance systems and autonomous driving. Recent studies have shown the advantages of applying reinforcement learning methods in car following modeling. However, a problem has remained where it is difficult to manually determine the reward function. This paper proposes a novel car following model based on generative adversarial imitation learning. The proposed model can learn the strategy from drivers' demonstrations without specifying the reward. Gated recurrent units was incorporated in the actor critic network to enable the model to use historical information. Drivers' car following data collected by a test vehicle equipped with a millimeter wave radar and controller area network acquisition card was used. The participants were divided into two driving styles by K means with time headway and time headway when braking used as input features. Adopting five fold cross validation for model evaluation, the results show that the proposed model can reproduce drivers' car following trajectories and driving styles more accurately than the intelligent driver model and the recurrent neural network based model, with the lowest average spacing error (19.40% and speed validation error (5.57% as well as the lowest Kullback Leibler divergences of the two indicators used for driving style clustering.
Minimisasi Rugi Daya Menggunakan Rekonfigurasi Jaringan Dan Penentuan Lokasi Distributed Generation (Dg) Pada Sistem Distribusi Dengan Metode Genetic Algorithm
Year: 2015

Dalam perkembangan sistem tenaga listrik, sistem distribusi listrik menjadi semakin luas dan kompleks sehingga menyebabkan rugi rugi yang terjadi pada sistem menjadi lebih besar. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, cara yang umum dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan rekonfigurasi jaringan dan memasang Distributed Generation (DG) pada lokasi yang tepat. Genetic Algorithm (GA) merupakan salah satu metode optimasi yang populer digunakan. GA menggabungkan secara acak berbagai pilihan solusi terbaik di dalam suatu kumpulan (populasi) untuk mendapatkan generasi solusi terbaik berikutnya (fitness) Proses optimasi diujikan pada sistem IEEE 33 bus. Agar memperoleh hasil yang optimal, proses optimasi dibagi menjadi empat kasus/skenario, meliputi: sistem dasar, rekonfigurasi jaringan, penentuan lokasi DG serta rekonfigurasi jaringan dan penentuan lokasi DG secara simultan. Kasus pertama yang merupakan sistem dasar menghasilkan total rugi daya sebesar 202,7 kW. Setelah dilakukan rekonfigurasi jaringan diperoleh penurunan rugi daya sebesar 30,93% Pada kasus ketiga, pemasangan DG dilakukan berdasarkan jumlah DG yang dipasang, yaitu satu unit DG hingga tiga unit DG. Hasil penempatan DG mulai dari satu hingga tiga unit DG diperoleh penurunan rugi daya masing masing sebesar 36,24894% 56,77889% dan 64,31672% Sedangkan dengan melakukan rekonfigurasi jaringan dan penempatan DG secara simultan diperoleh penurunan rugi daya sebesar 68,3371% In the development of electric power systems, electrical distribution systems become increasingly extensive and complex, causing losses that occur in the system becomes larger. To overcome this, the common way is to do with the reconfiguration of the network and install Distributed Generation (DG) in the appropriate location. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of the popular methods of optimization used. GA combines a random variety of the best solution in a set (population) to get the next generation of the best solution (fitness) The optimization process was tested on the IEEE 33 bus system. In order to obtain optimal results, the optimization process is divided into four cases scenarios, including: a base system, reconfiguration of the network, determining the location of the DG as well as reconfiguration of the network and determining the location DG simultaneously. The first case that is a base system generates power losses amounted to 202.7 kW. After the reconfiguration of the network obtained decrease power losses amounted to 30.93% In the third case, the installation is done based on the number of DG mounted, ie one unit of DG to three units. DG placement results ranging from one to three units of DG obtained decrease power loss each amount to 36.24894% 56.77889% and 64.31672% While the conduct of network reconfiguration and placement DG simultaneously obtained decrease power losses amounted to 68.3371%
Global reach of ageism on older persons' health: A systematic review
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2020

Although there is anecdotal evidence of ageism occurring at both the structural level (in which societal institutions reinforce systematic bias against older persons) and individual level (in which older persons take in the negative views of aging of their culture) previous systematic reviews have not examined how both levels simultaneously influence health. Thus, the impact of ageism may be underestimated. We hypothesized that a comprehensive systematic review would reveal that these ageism levels adversely impact the health of older persons across geography, health outcomes, and time.  A literature search was performed using 14 databases with no restrictions on region, language, and publication type. The systematic search yielded 13,691 papers for screening, 638 for full review, and 422 studies for analyses. Sensitivity analyses that adjusted for sample size and study quality were conducted using standardized tools. The study protocol is registered (PROSPERO CRD42018090857) Results Ageism led to significantly worse health outcomes in 95.5% of the studies and 74.0% of the 1,159 ageism health associations examined. The studies reported ageism effects in all 45 countries, 11 health domains, and 25 years studied, with the prevalence of significant findings increasing over time (p .0001) A greater prevalence of significant ageism health findings was found in less developed countries than more developed countries (p .0002) Older persons who were less educated were particularly likely to experience adverse health effects of ageism. Evidence of ageism was found across the age, sex, and race/ethnicity of the targeters (i.e. persons perpetrating ageism)  The current analysis which included over 7 million participants is the most comprehensive review of health consequences of ageism to date. Considering that the analysis revealed that the detrimental impact of ageism on older persons' health has been occurring simultaneously at the structural and individual level in five continents, our systematic review demonstrates the pernicious reach of ageism.
Fusion Categories Associated to Subfactors with Index $3+\sqrt{5}
Year: 2016

We classify fusion categories which are Morita equivalent to even parts of subfactors with index $3+\sqrt{5} and module categories over these fusion categories. For the fusion category \mathcal{C} which is the even part of the self dual $3^\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} subfactor, we show that there are $30$ simple module categories over \mathcal{C} there are no other fusion categories in the Morita equivalence class; and the order of the Brauer Picard group is $360$ The proof proceeds indirectly by first describing the Brauer Picard groupoid of a \mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z} equivariantization \mathcal{C}\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z} (which is the even part of the $4442$ subfactor) We show that that there are exactly three other fusion categories in the Morita equivalence class of \mathcal{C}\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z} which are all \mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z} graded extensions of \mathcal{C} Each of these fusion categories admits $20$ simple module categories, and their Brauer Picard group is \mathcal{S}_3 We also show that there are exactly five fusion categories in the Morita equivalence class of the even parts of the $3^\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z} subfactor; each admits $7$ simple module categories; and the Brauer Picard group is \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}
Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
Venue: Injury Prevention
Year: 2020

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture.  We obtained results from GBD 2017. First, the study estimated the incidence from each injury cause (eg, falls) and then the proportion of each cause that would result in facial fracture being the most disabling injury. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs of facial fractures are then calculated across causes.  Globally, in 2017, there were 7 538 663 (95% uncertainty interval 6 116 489 to 9 493 113) new cases, 1 819 732 (1 609 419 to 2 091 618) prevalent cases, and 117 402 (73 266 to 169 689) YLDs due to facial fractures. In terms of age standardised incidence, prevalence and YLDs, the global rates were 98 (80 to 123) per 100 000, 23 (20 to 27) per 100 000, and 2 (1 to 2) per 100 000, respectively. Facial fractures were most concentrated in Central Europe. Falls were the predominant cause in most regions.  Facial fractures are predominantly caused by falls and occur worldwide. Healthcare systems and public health agencies should investigate methods of all injury prevention. It is important for healthcare systems in every part of the world to ensure access to treatment resources.