nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving over 16% efficiency for single junction organic solar cells
Venue: Science China Chemistry
Year: 2019

To achieve high photovoltaic performance of bulk hetero junction organic solar cells (OSCs) a range of critical factors including absorption profiles, energy level alignment, charge carrier mobility and miscibility of donor and acceptor materials should be carefully considered. For electron donating materials, the deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level that is beneficial for high open circuit voltage is much appreciated. However, a new issue in charge transfer emerges when matching such a donor with an acceptor that has a shallower HOMO energy level. More to this point, the chemical strategies used to enhance the absorption coefficient of acceptors may lead to increased molecular crystallinity, and thus result in less controllable phase separation of photoactive layer. Therefore, to realize balanced photovoltaic parameters, the donor acceptor combinations should simultaneously address the absorption spectra, energy levels, and film morphologies. Here, we selected two non fullerene acceptors, namely BTPT 4F and BTPTT 4F, to match with a wide bandgap polymer donor P2F EHp consisting of an imide functionalized benzotriazole moiety, as these materials presented complementary absorption and well matched energy levels. By delicately optimizing the blend film morphology, we demonstrated an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of over 16% for the device based on P2F EHp:BTPTT 4F, suggesting the great promise of materials matching toward high performance OSCs.
One Point is All You Need: Directional Attention Point for Feature Learning
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

We present a novel attention based mechanism for learning enhanced point features for tasks such as point cloud classification and segmentation. Our key message is that if the right attention point is selected, then "one point is all you need" not a sequence as in a recurrent model and not a pre selected set as in all prior works. Also, where the attention point is should be learned, from data and specific to the task at hand. Our mechanism is characterized by a new and simple convolution, which combines the feature at an input point with the feature at its associated attention point. We call such a point a directional attention point (DAP) since it is found by adding to the original point an offset vector that is learned by maximizing the task performance in training. We show that our attention mechanism can be easily incorporated into state of the art point cloud classification and segmentation networks. Extensive experiments on common benchmarks such as ModelNet40, ShapeNetPart, and S3DIS demonstrate that our DAP enabled networks consistently outperform the respective original networks, as well as all other competitive alternatives, including those employing pre selected sets of attention points.
The relationship amongst energy consumption (renewable and non renewable) and GDP in Algeria
Year: 2017

This study aims to explore economic growth energy consumption nexus in Algeria between 1980 and 2012. With cointegration tests, we demonstrate the existence of long run link between real gross domestic product, real capital and the two categories of energy consumption i.e renewable energy per capita and non renewable energy. The long run and the short run autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimates indicate that only the non renewable energy sort and capital can contribute to enhancing economic growth whereas renewable energy does not show any significant effect. The outcome of causality tests proves a feedback link among non renewable energy consumption and gross domestic product, among capital and gross domestic product, and among non renewable energy and capital, in both short run and long run terms. Moreover, the results reveal a unidirectional link going from renewable energy to economic growth, capital, and non renewable energy respectively, in the long run. Furthermore, the results illustrate the presence of a unidirectional link going from non renewable energy to renewable energy in the short term. Our outcome suggests that policy makers in Algeria should enhance the renewable energy share together with controlling the non renewable one.
Sustainable approaches for algae utilisation in bioenergy production
Year: 2017

Rapidly increasing global energy consumption has caused depletion of fossil fuels, leading to the search of alternative energy resources. One of the potential solutions is utilizing algae biomass as the source of bioenergy. To fulfil the high biomass demands for biofuel production, it is of pivotal importance to develop feasible technologies to enable economic, efficient and high density cultivation of algae. Algae can be cultivated in either open or closed systems in the presence of nutrients and light intensity. The maximum yield, growth rate and composition of algae can be optimized according to cultivation conditions, such as temperature, pH, light intensity and nutrient concentration. The potential types of algae in contributing carbohydrate and lipids to produce biofuel such as biodiesel, bioethanol and bio gas are reviewed. Economic feasibilities of algae based fuel production are discussed based on Life Cycle Analysis. Current challenges and future prospective are also presented to realize the use of algae as a feedstock for commercial and cost effective fuel production.
Ireland New Merger Control Reporting Thresholds
Year: 2018

The Irish Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation signed the Competition Act 2002 (Section 27) Order 2018 (the Order) on 2 October.1 The Order was subsequently confirmed by the houses of the Irish parliament (ie, theDail and the Seanad) on 16 October 2018. The Order has the effect of increasing the financial thresholds for mandatory notification of a merger or acquisition to the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) in Ireland and will come into effect as and from 1 January 2019. This is the first time that a Minister has used his or her powers under section 27 of the Competition Acts 2002 to 2017 (the Competition Act) to increase the financial thresholds for deal reporting since the introduction of the current thresholds on 31 October 2014.
Punishment and the Moral Emotions: Essays in Law, Morality, and Religion
Year: 2012

Sources and Acknowledgments  Reconciliation and Responding to Evil: A Philosophical Overview 2. Moral Epistemology, the Retributive Emotions, and the 'Clumsy Moral Philosophy' of Jesus Christ 3. Christian Love and Criminal Punishment 4. Legal Moralism and Retribution Revisited 5. Shame Creeps Through Guilt and Feels Like Retribution 6. Repentance, Mercy, and Communicative Punishment 7. Remorse, Apology, and Mercy with new appendix. 8. The Case of Dostoyevsky's General Some Ruminations on Forgiving the Unforgivable 9. Response to Neu, Zipursky, and Steiker 10. Jealousy, Shame, and the Rival 11. Moral Reasons and the Limitations of Liberty 12. The Elusive Nature of Human Dignity Index
Hexagonal SnSe nanoplate supported SnO2 CNTs nanoarchitecture for enhanced photocatalytic degradation under visible light driven
Year: 2020

It is still challengeable to develop low cost metal based photocatalysts with high efficiency and stability for organic pollutant degradation. Herein, we propose a novel "interfacial engineering and suitable band gap matching" strategy to synthesize hexagonal SnSe nanoplate supported SnO2 CNTs for highly efficient photocatalytic activity. The CNTs SnO2/SnSe, constructed by SnO2 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in carbon nanotube surface, which is anchored on hexagonally crystalline SnSe nanoplates, is synthesized by a facile low cost and eco friendly one pot solvothermal reaction. Compared to SnO2, SnSe, CNTs SnO2, SnO2/SnSe, the CNTs SnO2/SnSe delivers significant performance, enhancement in photocatalytic degradation for aqueous organic dye pollutant under visible light irradiation in 60 min. The k value of CNTs SnO2/SnSe is over 2.2 times larger than CNTs SnO2, SnO2 and SnSe. The remarkably enhanced photodegradation performance of CNTs SnO2/SnSe is mainly attributed to its unique nanoarchitecture, high surface area and band gap matching: the CNTs skeleton can facilitate the electron transfer; band gap diagram of CNTs SnO2/SnSe is beneficial to efficient electron hole charge separation and recombination of electron hole pair can be effectively suppressed. This work presents a rational catalyst design with nanoarchitecture and band gap matching, and a facile one pot synthesis strategy to synthesize low cost photocatalysts for dye pollutant degradation with prominent high efficiency and long term stability.
Commentary: Opportunities and challenges of technology in relationship marketing
Venue: Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ)
Year: 2020

The concept of relationship marketing in the academic marketing literature is almost 40 years old. Since its inaugural mentioning (Berry, 1983) a rich body of conceptual and empirical research papers as well as popular business books has evolved, establishing the consensus view among academics and managers that strong customer relationships are key to company prosperity and performance (e.g. Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Palmatier et al. 2006) With the digital age, rather than entering its maturity stage, relationship marketing is experiencing its next upsurge, such that nourishing customer relationships is "more critical than ever before" (Palmatier and Steinhoff, 2019, p. 21) Specifically, the exponential advancements in technology revolutionize the way in which customers and companies interact (Steinhoff et al. 2019) Relationships in which relational interactions are mediated partially or even fully by technological means are ubiquitous. Today already, customers are estimated to maintain about 85% of their relationships with firms without any human intervention (Gartner, 2011) Relationship marketers dispose of a rich and ever evolving technology toolbox to build, grow, and retain strong relationships with their customers (Steinhoff et al. 2019) However, beyond the opportunities for enhancing relationships, each tool also entails challenges. Managers seem eager to learn about these new technology tools and benefit from their potential advantages; accordingly, growth rates of managers' relationship marketing spending continuously outpace those of brand spending (eMarketer, 2016) Over the past months, the developments surrounding the COV1D19 global pandemic have been strongly catalysing the shift towards online relationships. Likewise, the rapid and in part ad hoc move of customer company relationships to the online sphere has unearthed both the rich opportunities as well as the unresolved challenges, pointing relationship marketers to the strengths and shortcomings of their relational strategies. In this commentary, we discuss four major technological trends (e commerce and m commerce channels, social networks, anthropomorphized agents, big data) that shape current and future relationship marketing business practice jointly referred to as the relationship marketing technology toolbox and outline the potentials and pitfalls pertaining to each. Beyond, we shed light on the implications that the COVID 19 pandemic has on the current state and future of customer relationships. We conclude with a plea for the power of strong customer relationships in these challenging times and a brief outlook into the research avenues that relationship marketers may want to navigate in the future to generate actionable guidance for managers. 2. Relationship marketing technology toolbox: opportunities and challenges
A machine learning approach for dynamic prediction of sepsis induced coagulopathy in critically ill patients with sepsis: an integrated analysis of the MIMIC IV and eICU CRD databases
Year: 2020

Qin Yu Zhao Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital Le Ping Liu Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital Jing Chao Luo Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Yan Wei Luo Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital Huan Wang Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Yi Jie Zhang Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Rong Gui Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital Guo Wei Tu Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Zhe Luo luo.zhe@zs hospital.sh.cn Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University https:/orcid.org/0000 0003 1384 1565
Use fast R CNN and cascade structure for face detection
Venue: 2016 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)
Year: 2016

Face detection is challenging in real world due to various poses, occlusions, lighting conditions and so on. Recently, deep learning achieves excellent performance on this task. In this paper, we propose a novel deep cascade convolutional network that uses Fast Region based Convolutional Network (Fast R CNN)  at the end of the structure. Our method achieves outstanding performance on the FDDB  and AFW [2] datasets. Especially, it achieves a high recall of 91.87% on the challenging FDDB benchmark, outperforming the state of the art methods. We adopt a cascaded structure to quickly reject the background regions first. At the last stage, we choose Fast R CNN to deal with the challenging candidates and it performs well.
A Fully Actuated Body Mounted Robotic Assistant for MRI Guided Low Back Pain Injection
Venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
Year: 2020

This paper reports the development of a fully actuated body mounted robotic assistant for MRI guided low back pain injection. The robot is designed with a 4 DOF needle alignment module and a 2 DOF remotely actuated needle driver module. The 6 DOF fully actuated robot can operate inside the scanner bore during imaging; hence, minimizing the need of moving the patient in or out of the scanner during the procedure, and thus potentially reducing the procedure time and streamlining the workflow. The robot is built with a lightweight and compact structure that can be attached directly to the patient's lower back using straps; therefore, attenuating the effect of patient motion by moving with the patient. The novel remote actuation design of the needle driver module with beaded chain transmission can reduce the weight and profile on the patient, as well as minimize the imaging degradation caused by the actuation electronics. The free space positioning accuracy of the system was evaluated with an optical tracking system, demonstrating the mean absolute errors (MAE) of the tip position to be 0.99+ 0.46 mm and orientation to be 0.99+ 0.65* Qualitative imaging quality evaluation was performed+ on a human volunteer, revealing minimal visible image degradation that should not affect the procedure. The mounting stability of the system was assessed on a human volunteer, indicating the 3D position variation of target movement with respect to the robot frame to be less than 0.7 mm.
Applications of artificial intelligence technologies on mental health research during COVID 19
Year: 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID 19) pandemic has impacted mental health globally. It is essential to deploy advanced research methodologies that may use complex data to draw meaningful inferences facilitating mental health research and policymaking during this pandemic. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer a wide range of opportunities to leverage advancements in data sciences in analyzing health records, behavioral data, social media contents, and outcomes data on mental health. Several studies have reported the use of several AI technologies such as vector machines, neural networks, latent Dirichlet allocation, decision trees, and clustering to detect and treat depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and other mental health problems. The applications of such technologies in the context of COVID 19 is still under development, which calls for further deployment of AI technologies in mental health research in this pandemic using clinical and psychosocial data through technological partnerships and collaborations. Lastly, policy level commitment and deployment of resources to facilitate the use of robust AI technologies for assessing and addressing mental health problems during the COVID 19 pandemic.
Psychische Gesundheit und Belastung bei Studierenden
Venue: Pravention und Gesundheitsforderung
Year: 2019

Studierende konnen aufgrund hochschulinterner wie auch externer Faktoren als eine vulnerable Gruppe betreffend psychischen Erkrankungen bezeichnet werden und mehrere Studien weisen auf eine erhohte Pravalenz psychischer Beeintrachtigungen bei Studierenden hin. Die multizentrische Studie hat zum Ziel, eine Bestandsaufnahme von Belastung, Depressionen und Angststorungen sowie Burnout von Studierenden von vier Hochschulen in Suddeutschland darzustellen. Mittels den validierten Instrumenten ,Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in School Settings" ,Patient Health Questionnaire 4" sowie dem ,Maslach Burnout lnventory Student Survey" (MBI SS) wurden die Belastungen und das stressassoziierte Erkrankungsrisiko anhand depressiver Storungen und/oder Angststorungen sowie Burnout erhoben und Unterschiedsanalysen durchgefuhrt. Unterschiede der wahrgenommenen Belastung und des stressassoziierten Erkrankungsrisikos gab es zwischen den Hochschulen nur wenige, welche schwache Effektstarken zeigten. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Studierenden der Hochschulen zeigten sich beim stressassoziierten Erkrankungsrisiko fur Burnout innerhalb der Kategorie Emotionale Erschopfung. Betreffend depressiven Storungen und Angststorungen gab es zwar keine signifikanten Unterschiede, jedoch sind im Vergleich zur deutschen Gesamtbevolkerung die Werte mehr als doppelt so hoch. Die Ergebnisse im Bereich der Angst und/oder depressiven Storungen sollten Hochschulen dazu ermuntern neben der Implementierung einer kontinuierlichen Gesundheitsberichtserstattung ihre Studienbedingungen systematisch zu analysieren und ggf. anzupassen sowie Praventivmassnahmen zu fordern.
Female solidarity based on Chinese social media Weibo during COVID 19
Year: 2020

COVID 19 has plunged the world into a state of tension and instability, and female medical workers play a vital role on the frontlines. However, policies on global health governance may ignore gender perspectives and may overlook the physiological needs of females during times of emergency. It is important to protect the physical and mental health of front line female medical staff during the COVID 19. The Chinese volunteer organisation Stand By Her is committed to donating female sanitary products to female medical staff in Hubei Province, China, to alleviate the problem of shortage of supplies during menstruation. This volunteer team is more than 95% female. The team's successful experience of female solidarity has enabled front line female medical workers to receive supplies and emotional support. The team also appeals to society through social media about gender discrimination in the workplace and the need to recognise gender differences and eliminate female shame over menstruation. This research focuses on Stand By Her volunteer team in China to examine the effects of digital female activism and the development of female solidarity. This research explores in greater depth how gender issues have developed in China on social media. The study used ethnographic methods to conduct in depth interviews with front line female medical workers and Stand By Her volunteer teams. Research and analysis were carried out according to the analysis framework and repeatedly adjusted in the interviews and coding by the researcher. This study found three key factors for the successful implementation of digital female activism: establish a well structured framework and a common goal to mobilise the empathy of the members and an appreciation for the contribution of the members; establish the cohesion of the female on social media to develop the female solidarity; the formation of a strong community to establishment of a new identity and trust for females. Finally, this research also analyses gender issues and their development in China through social media platforms and asserts that the success of digital female activism has its inevitability and distinctiveness. The inevitability of the organisation's success is reflected in the organisation's clear requirements for gender equality, which meets three levels of needs. However, the distinctiveness of its success is due to the unique circumstances of COVID 19 and the positive development of feminism on social media in the past two years. In conclusion, although gender issues in China may still be stigmatised, this study also shows an optimistic attitude towards the development of gender issues on social media in China.
Sports Betting: Law and Policy
Year: 2012

Introductory Remarks. The Revolution. Betting and the Integrity of Sport. European Union Law, Gambling, and Sport Betting. European Court of Justice Jurisprudence, member states case law, and policy. Sports Betting and European Law in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice: A Study into the Application of the Stare Decisis Principle, or: the Application of the "Reversal Method" of Content Analysis and The Essence of the ECJ Case Law on Sports Betting. Match Fixing. FK Pobeda et al. v. UEFA (CAS 2009/A/1920) Sports Betting in the Netherlands: a Legal Framework Study.  Law and Policy in Austria. Sports betting: Law and Policy. Belarus. Towards A B2B Model for Online Sports Betting Operators in Belgium: is the New Business Model Viable for All Stakeholders? Sports Betting: Brazil. Legal Regulation of Sport and Betting in Bulgaria. Sports Betting in Canada. "Sports Betting: Law and Policy." The Regulation of Sports Betting in the Caribbean. Sport Betting and its Regulation in China. Regulation of Sports Betting in the Czech Republic. Sports betting regulation in Denmark.  Regulation of Sports Betting Under the New Gambling Act. Betting in France. Reorganization of the Sports Betting Market in Germany. Sports Betting in Greece. The Sportbetting System in Hungary. Sports Betting: Is it Really Illegal in India? Sports Betting in Indonesia. Chapter on Sports Betting in Ireland. Betting In Sports Events. Gambling In Italy. Sports Betting and the Law in Japan. Sports Betting in Kenya. Sports Betting: Law and Policy. The Chapter on Latvia. Sports Betting in Lithuania. Sports betting in Luxembourg. Legal Aspects of Sports Betting in Macedonia. Sports Betting in  The New Zealand Racing Board. Sports Betting: Law and Policy (Northern Ireland) Sports Betting in Norway: Law and Policy. Sports Betting and the Law in Portugal. Sports Betting in Romania. Lotteries, Bookmakers and Sweepstakes in Russia. Legal Aspects of Sports Betting in Serbia. Sports Betting in Singapore. Slovak Republic. Operation, Problems and the Impact of Chance Games on the Development of Sport in Slovenia. Gambling and Sport in South Africa. Legal Regulation of Sports Betting in Spain and its History. Sports Betting in Sweden. Regulation of Sports Lotteries and Betting in Switzerland.
Wasserbestimmung im Transformatorol: ein Beitrag zur Erhohung der Prozesssicherheit
Year: 2011

Die Bestimmung von gelostem Wasser in Isolierolen ist fur die Betriebssicherheit des Transformators von entscheidender Bedeutung. Allerdings werden haufig je nach verwendeter Bestimmungsmethode unterschiedliche Werte gemessen, die zu Unsicherheiten bei der Beurteilung des Betriebszustandes von Transformatoren fuhren. Im Falle der Karl Fischer Methode (KF) werden diese Abweichungen Nebenreaktionen mit Abbauprodukten zugeschrieben. Durch die Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Messergebnisse der KF Titration auch dann gestort sein konnen, wenn die auf Alterungsprodukte hinweisenden Olkennzahlen nicht oder nur sehr gering erhoht sind. Zur Erhohung der Prozesssicherheit von Leistungstransformatoren wurde ein Online Verfahren entwickelt, mit dem es moglich ist, in einem Gerat zur Messung der im Ol gelosten Transformatorgase (TGM, Gatron GmbH, Greifswald) mit einem kapazitiven Sensor die Wasserkonzentration in einem Gleichgewichtsgasraum zu messen und daraus die Konzentration im Ol zu berechnen.