nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies and molecular tools to fight antimicrobial resistance: resistome, transcriptome, and antimicrobial peptides
Venue: Front. Microbiol.
Year: 2013

The increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria motivates prospective research toward discovery of new antimicrobial active substances. There are, however, controversies concerning the cost effectiveness of such research with regards to the description of new substances with novel cellular interactions, or description of new uses of existing substances to overcome resistance. Although examination of bacteria isolated from remote locations with limited exposure to humans has revealed an absence of antibiotic resistance genes, it is accepted that these genes were both abundant and diverse in ancient living organisms, as detected in DNA recovered from Pleistocene deposits (30,000 years ago) Indeed, even before the first clinical use of antibiotics more than 60 years ago, resistant organisms had been isolated. Bacteria can exhibit different strategies for resistance against antibiotics. New genetic information may lead to the modification of protein structure affecting the antibiotic carriage into the cell, enzymatic inactivation of drugs, or even modification of cellular structure interfering in the drug bacteria interaction. There are still plenty of new genes out there in the environment that can be appropriated by putative pathogenic bacteria to resist antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, there are several natural compounds with antibiotic activity that may be used to oppose them. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules which are wide spread in all forms of life, from multi cellular organisms to bacterial cells used to interfere with microbial growth. Several AMPs have been shown to be effective against multi drug resistant bacteria and have low propensity to resistance development, probably due to their unique mode of action, different from well known antimicrobial drugs. These substances may interact in different ways with bacterial cell membrane, protein synthesis, protein modulation, and protein folding. The analysis of bacterial transcriptome may contribute to the understanding of microbial strategies under different environmental stresses and allows the understanding of their interaction with novel AMPs.
Disasters through an Indigenous Lens in the Philippines
Year: 2019

The indigenous Kankanaey people in the Philippines, like other indigenous groups elsewhere, have always existed with natural hazards as part of their everyday lives. Indigenous perspectives in the Philippines often situate a community's co existence with nature, one of harmony that includes major natural hazards such as typhoons and earthquakes. However, it has become difficult to situate this harmonious relationship due to the indigenous communities' increasing vulnerability to hazards. The historical and contemporary practices of Western development and modernisation have changed this human nature relationship by framing natural phenomena within a technocratic realm that 'scientifically' translates these events as disasters. This study presents the results of an insider critical ethnography with three indigenous Kankanaey villages in the Northern Philippines as to how they conceptualise and respond to disasters. The data were drawn from 10 months' intensive ethnographic fieldwork with 37 in depth interviews, participant observation and three village and one municipal level consultations with approximately 1, 000 combined participants. In addition, I conducted four bonfire sessions that were focused on elders' chants and story telling. Inherent in all these methods is building and fostering solidarity that facilitated further understanding of indigenous everyday lives in relation to disasters. These methods are consistent with the principles of critical ethnography and considered culturally meaningful and appropriate ways of engaging with the Kankanaey people.
Fair future resource conflicts, security and global justice a report of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
Year: 2014

1 JUSTICE FOR REALISTS 1.1 Connective World The new vulnerability/ Levels of interdependence/Preventive justice 1.2 Divided World Distance among nations/ Inequality within/The drift of world poverty 1.3 Finite World What are limits?/Signs of overshoot 1.4 Justice in an Age of Limits 3x environmental justice/The dilemma of catching up 2 UNEQUAL SHARES 2.1 The Triad of Omnivores Geographical distribution of resources/Comparative appropriation/Distribution of damages 2.2 Unequal Ecological Exchange The triad and their "colonies"/Ecological trade balance/Rich country illusion 2.3 The Newcomers and their aspirations The new consumer countries/Global cities and their hinterland/The new consumer class 3 ARENAS OF APPROPRIATION 3.1 Geopolitics: the Hand on the Oil Spheres of control/Mid term depletion point/More demand, less supply/Exit as security strategy 3.2 Foreign Trade: Appropriation of Land Export vs. Subsistence/Marginalization of farmers and land/Migration in whose benefit?/A distortion of free trade 3.3 Investments: Diversion of Water Caputered water/Virtual water/Polluted water/Lucrative water 3.4 International Law: Patents on Plants Rise of biopiracy/hose knowledge?/Disputes between institutions/Treaties and interests 4 PARADIGMS OF RESOURCE JUSTICE 4.1 Long Distance Ethics Interest in security/ Interest in self respect/Interest in cosmopolitanism 4.2 Recognition and Redistribution Justice as recognition/Justice as redistribution 4.3 Protecting Livelihood Rights Natural spaces and human rights/Human rights, human duties 4.4 Cutting Back Resource Claims Egalitarianism as an exception/Subsistence before affluence/ Freedom before Overconsumption 4.5 Making Exchange Equitable Value, added and creamed off/Learning from fair trade 4.6 Redressing Disadvantages Common but differentiated responsibilities/Ecological debt 5 FAIR WEALTH 5.1 Contraction and Convergence Coming down and climbing up/Resource consumption and welfare 5.2 Descent from High Consumption Efficiency, consistency, sufficiency/Energy for example/ Transport for example 5.3 Ecological Leapfrogging Distributed energy/ Mobility without car dependence/Regenerative agriculture/Are multilateral finance institutions helpful? 6 GOVERNANCE FOR ECOLOGY AND FAIRNESS 6.1 Equity in the Greenhouse Molecules and human rights/ hares of the atmosphere/A cheque per head 6.2 Fairness and Diversity Sovereignty as shield/ Rights of local communities 6.3 Fair Trade Instead of Free Trade Development rights ahead of market access/Human rights ahead of market access/Environmental rights ahead of market access/Approaches for reinventing the WTO 6.4 Civic Duties for Corporations Beyond the balance sheet/How useful are voluntary standards?/Responsible to the world society 7 WHAT IS EUROPE WORTH? 7.1 Make law not war Kyoto and what else? Farewell from Marrakech/Alliances for a fair future Endnotes, References
One Explanation Does Not Fit All: A Toolkit and Taxonomy of AI Explainability Techniques
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

As artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms make further inroads into society, calls are increasing from multiple stakeholders for these algorithms to explain their outputs. At the same time, these stakeholders, whether they be affected citizens, government regulators, domain experts, or system developers, present different requirements for explanations. Toward addressing these needs, we introduce AI Explainability 360 (this http URL) an open source software toolkit featuring eight diverse and state of the art explainability methods and two evaluation metrics. Equally important, we provide a taxonomy to help entities requiring explanations to navigate the space of explanation methods, not only those in the toolkit but also in the broader literature on explainability. For data scientists and other users of the toolkit, we have implemented an extensible software architecture that organizes methods according to their place in the AI modeling pipeline. We also discuss enhancements to bring research innovations closer to consumers of explanations, ranging from simplified, more accessible versions of algorithms, to tutorials and an interactive web demo to introduce AI explainability to different audiences and application domains. Together, our toolkit and taxonomy can help identify gaps where more explainability methods are needed and provide a platform to incorporate them as they are developed.
COPD: pathophysiology and treatment
Year: 2010

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe respiratory diseases characterized by airway obstruction. COPD is now an established and signifi cant chronic disease, killing over 30 000 people in the UK every year. According to the World Health Organization, COPD will become the third biggest killer in the world by 2020. The financial and human cost of the disease is huge. To appreciate the pathophysiology of obstructive pulmonary diseases, it is first necessary to understand a number of important lung concepts. This article discusses the pathophysiology of three main obstructive airway diseases, providing an outline of the associated signs, symptoms and treatment of each.
Technologies in supply chain management and logistics
Year: 2020

Until recently, technology has been considered an enabler for improvements in underlying supply chain and logistics operations. However, recent trends in society and business, such as mobile computing, social media, and online retailing, have significantly changed almost every aspect of the supply chain and logistics landscape. In this chapter the following technologies were found to have a pervasive role in altering this landscape: Maturing technologies Optimization software Sensors/Telematics Cloud computing Data warehouse and integration Automated storage and retrieval Growth technologies Mobility Wearability Data analytics Social media Emerging technologies 3D printing Drones Autonomous vehicles Exponential Blockchain Internet of Things Virtual reality Machine learning Each of these technologies will be discussed along with videos illustrating their use.
Accounting Executives Narcissism: A Review and Research Agenda Using Content Analysis
Year: 2020

This study aims to provide a conceptual framework and construction of executive narcissism (CEO) through content analysis of 52 reputable international journals of Scopus indexed (Q1) The aims also to explore valuable content and themes related to narcissistic accounting and reveal further research opportunities for important themes generated.  The articles were analyzed using the search method and remote text in the Airlangga library database. The study was conducted for a month among articles in Scopus Journal indexed in Q1 with "Accounting" and "Narcissism" as the keyword restriction. The study was conducted with a Word Frequency analysis using NVivo 12 plus to determine the coding and the central theme.  A comparison coding was performed to prove the upper echelon theory as the leading theory used in the 52 articles analyzed. Information relating to the year the article was published, article title, author's name, and journal publication successfully collected. From 52 articles analyzed in the framework of narcissistic accounting, 24 codes were successfully revealed and subsequently categorized into several themes (keywords) for further research. Applications of this study: A literature review of 52 articles is closely related to ethical concepts and CEO decisions in choosing accounting choices (policies) Novelty/Originality of this study: New themes successfully revealed through content analysis.
Unsupervised Learning Approach for Abnormal Event Detection in Surveillance Video by Hybrid Autoencoder
Venue: Neural Processing Letters
Year: 2019

Abnormal detection plays an important role in video surveillance. LSTM encoder decoder is used to learn representation of video sequences and applied for detecting abnormal event in complex environment. The learned representation of LSTM encoder decoder is learned from encoder, and it is crucial for decoder. However, LSTM encoder decoder generally fails to account for the global context of the learned representation with a fixed dimension representation. In this paper, we explore a hybrid autoencoder architecture, which not only extracts better spatio temporal context, but also improves the extrapolate capability of the corresponding decoder by the shortcut connection. The experiment shows that the hybrid model performs better than the state of the art anomaly detection methods in both qualitative and quantitative ways on benchmark datasets.
Planned or emergent strategy making? Exploring the formation of corporate sustainability strategies
Year: 2016

In strategy research, there is a consensus that strategy making resides on a continuum from planned to emergent where most strategies are made in a mixed way. Different contingency factors have been suggested to explain the factors that influence strategy making. Sustainability research seems to overlook most of this development and assumes instead that sustainability strategies are made in a purely planned way. We contribute to a better understanding of the role of different strategy making modes for sustainability in three ways. First, we point to the bias towards planned strategy formation in sustainability research. Second, we propose a new contingency factor to help explain sustainability strategy making based on the nature of the problem addressed. Third, we discuss strategy making for different types of sustainability problems. We argue that planned strategy making is expected for salient and non wicked problems while emergent strategy making is likely for non salient and wicked problems.
Magnetron Sputtering Preparation of Nitrogen Incorporated Lithium Aluminum Titanium Phosphate Based Thin Film Electrolytes for All Solid State Lithium Ion Batteries
Year: 2012

We report for the first time a new lithium ion conducting Li Al Ti P O N thin film solid electrolyte for all solid state lithium ion batteries. It was prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition using a NASICON structural Li Al Ti P O target in a N2 atmosphere at various temperatures. XRD and SEM test results showed that the thin film was composed of an amorphous structure and that its surface was smooth, dense, and homogeneous. FTIR and XPS analyses indicated that nitrogen atoms were actually incorporated into the Li Al Ti P O matrix framework. The substitution of nitrogen for oxygen in the thin film created more abundant cross linking structures and decreased the electrostatic energy, which favored the higher mobility of lithium ions. A high Li ionic conductivity of 1.22 x 10 6 S/cm was obtained for the thin film deposited at room temperature. Moreover, the higher value of 1.22 x 10 5 S/cm for the thin film deposited at 500 degC indicated that some crystallites in the amorphous film m.
Review Neural contributions to risk taking in adolescence developmental changes and individual differences
Year: 2016

Risk taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk taking in childhood and adolescence.  We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence.  We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway.
Facial Action Units Based Image Retrieval for Facial Expression Recognition
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a very challenging problem in computer vision. Although extensive research has been conducted to improve FER performance in recent years, there is still room for improvement. A common goal of FER is to classify a given face image into one of seven emotion categories: angry, disgust, fear, happy, neutral, sad, and surprise. In this paper, we propose to use a simple multi layer perceptron (MLP) classifier that determines whether the current classification result is reliable or not. If the current classification result is determined as unreliable, we use the given face image as a query to search for similar images. In particular, facial action units are used to retrieve the images with a similar facial expression. Then, another MLP is trained to predict final emotion category by aggregating classification output vectors of the query image and its retrieved similar images. Experimental results on FER2013 dataset demonstrate that the performance of the state of the art networks can be further improved by our proposed method.
The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine
Venue: BMJ British Medical Journal
Year: 2008

Did they meet at college? Were their middle names all Kenneth? No. They can all be found in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine First written by a group of friends as a collection of notes designed to help new doctors, it is now in its seventh edition and approaching its 23rd birthday. It covers everything in medicine and surgery, from advanced life support to zoonoses. Since its conception in the 1980s, the 400 gram tablet has kept up with the times from monochrome to colour, regular size to mini version, and now paper
The Neurobiology of Fear Generalization
Venue: Front. Behav. Neurosci.
Year: 2019

The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an animal must select an appropriate defensive response based on previous experiences that are not identical, weighing cues and contextual information that may predict safety or danger. Like other aspects of fear memory, generalization is mediated by the coordinated actions of prefrontal, hippocampal, amygdalar, and thalamic brain areas. In this review article, we describe the current understanding of the behavioral, neural, genetic, and biochemical mechanisms involved in the generalization of fear. Fear generalization is a hallmark of many anxiety and stress related disorders, and its emergence, severity, and manifestation are sex dependent. Therefore, to improve the dialog between human and animal studies as well as to accelerate the development of effective therapeutics, we emphasize the need to examine both sex differences and remote timescales in rodent models.
Impact of pulsed electric field pretreatment on yield and quality of lipid extracted from cephalothorax of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by ultrasound assisted process
Venue: International Journal of Food Science Technology
Year: 2019

Impacts of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment with different electric field strengths (4, 8, 12 and 16 kVcm 1 and pulse numbers (120, 160, 200 and 240) on extraction yield of lipid and cell disintegration index (Zc) of Pacific white shrimp cephalothorax were examined. PEF treated samples were subsequently subjected to lipid extraction using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) process at ultrasonic amplitude of 91.2 microns for 25 min in continuous mode. Samples with PEF pretreatment and subjected to UAE rendered the highest lipid yield (30.34% dry basis) PEF pretreatment resulted in suppression of lipid oxidation as affirmed by the decreases in peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) Lipid from PEF pretreated samples had higher content of PUFAs as well as carotenoids, which included astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester, canthaxanthi n and b carotene. Overall, PEF was a promising pretreatment to increase the yield and maintain the quality of lipid extracted from cephalothorax using UAE.
Visual Search With Varying Versus Consistent Attentional Templates: Effects on Target Template Establishment, Comparison, and Guidance
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
Year: 2018

Attentional templates can be represented in visual working memory (VWM) when the target varies from trial to trial and can be represented in long term memory (LTM) when the target is consistent during trial runs. Given that attentional templates can be represented in either VWM or LTM, are there any differences in how these representations impact visual search when targets are consistent compared with varying? The current study tested the consistent template hypothesis, which predicts faster performance with a consistent target compared with a varying target. Experiment 1 examined whether consistent targets could lead to consistent templates that would improve template establishment, guidance, and/or comparison of the template to search items. Search response time was faster for consistent targets, and consistent targets produced faster comparison processes, but not more efficient guidance. Experiment 2 examined the consistent template restoration hypothesis, which predicts faster template establishment and comparison processes for a previously encountered consistent target. Experiment 2 replicated the consistent template hypothesis and supported the consistent template restoration hypothesis. These studies demonstrate that although attentional guidance is similar with varying and consistent attentional templates, consistent templates improve search performance by speeding template establishment and comparison processes.
Effect of reflexology on anxiety and sleep of informal cancer caregiver: Randomized controlled trial.
Venue: Complementary therapies in clinical practice
Year: 2020

The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the short term effect of foot reflexology on sleep and anxiety of informal caregivers.  The study was a double blind placebo controlled study and conducted in an oncology unit of a university hospital. Participants were the informal caregivers of cancer patients. Reflexology and placebo intervention had applied for three consequent days. State Anxiety Inventory (SAI, 20 80 points) and Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ, Visual Analog Scale) was used for data collection before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS v25 software.  Participants (n 66, 40.17 13.36 years old, ten males) were caring for the patients for 7.66 6.34 months. There weren't any significant differences between the groups for SAI and RCSQ scores before the interventions. The SAI scores were found 38.91 5.63 in the reflexology group and 46.30 11.29 in the placebo group and the RCSQ scores were found 409.55 50.08 in the reflexology group and 441.82 35.51 in the placebo group. There were significant differences between the groups for SAI (p 0.004) and RCSQ (p 0.001) scores after the intervention. It was found that reflexology has a large effect on Anxiety (f2 0.555) and a medium effect on sleep (f2 0.238)  Foot reflexology was found as an effective intervention to reduce anxiety and improve the quality of sleep of informal cancer caregivers. The effect of placebo on reducing the anxiety of informal caregivers was found, but it wasn't as effective as reflexology.