nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
"With every passing day I feel like a candle, melting little by little." experiences of long term displacement amongst Syrian refugees in Shatila, Lebanon
Venue: Conflict and Health
Year: 2019

BackgroundLong term displacement and exposure to challenging living conditions can influence family dynamics; gender roles; violence at home and in the community and mental well being. This qualitative study explores these issues as perceived by Syrian refugees who have been living in Shatila, a Palestinian camp in South Beirut, Lebanon, for at least 2 years.MethodsTwenty eight in depth interviews with men and women were conducted between February and June 2018. Women were recipients of mental health services, and men were recruited from the local community. Interviews were conducted in Arabic, translated, transcribed, coded and analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsOur results show patterns of harsh living conditions similar to those described earlier in the course of the Syrian refugee crisis. Lack of infrastructure, overcrowding, cramped rooms and violence were all reported. Participants also described a lack of social support, discrimination and harassment within the host community, as well as limited social support networks within their own Syrian refugee community. Family dynamics were affected by the increased responsibilities on men, women and children; with additional economic and employment demands on men, women assuming the roles of 'mother and father' and children having to work and contribute to the household. Participants discussed several types of violence, including parental violence against children and violence in the community. Violence against women was also reported. Reported mental health issues included depression, anxiety, sadness, frustration, hopelessness, self neglect and a loss of sense of self and self worth. Some participants expressed a wish to die.ConclusionsThis study describes experiences of changing gender roles, family dynamics, violence and mental health after long term displacement in in Shatila camp, South Beirut as perceived by Syrian refugees. A lack of safety and security coupled with economic hardship rendered refugees even more susceptible to exploitation and harassment. Parental violence was the most commonly reported type of domestic violence.
PettingZoo: Gym for Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

OpenAI's Gym library contains a large, diverse set of environments that are useful benchmarks in reinforcement learning, under a single elegant Python API (with tools to develop new compliant environments) The introduction of this library has proven a watershed moment for the reinforcement learning community, because it created an accessible set of benchmark environments that everyone could use (including wrapper important existing libraries) and because a standardized API let RL learning methods and environments from anywhere be trivially exchanged. This paper similarly introduces PettingZoo, a library of diverse set of multi agent environments under a single elegant Python API, with tools to easily make new compliant environments.
L Shape Model Switching Based Precise Motion Tracking of Moving Vehicles Using Laser Scanners
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Year: 2018

Detection and tracking of moving objects is one of the most essential functions of autonomous cars. In order to estimate the dynamic information of a moving object accurately, laser scanners are widely used for their highly accurate distance data. However, these data only represent the surface of an object facing the sensor and changes the appearance of an object over time. This change produces unexpected tracking errors of estimated dynamic states. In this paper, in order to minimize the tracking error caused by appearance changes, a tracking algorithm based on L shaped model switching is proposed. The suggested algorithm is validated in real traffic experiments where position, velocity, and heading angle error were measured by using precise GPS. The L shape tracking algorithm successfully mitigated the effect of appearance changes and improved estimation performance.
A Dispatching and Routing Algorithm for Personal Rapid Transit by Considering Congestion
Year: 2015

Personal rapid transit (PRT) is getting attention as a new form of transportation. It is energy efficient and provides the high level of passenger service. In this study, the dynamic PRT dispatching and routing problem is dealt with. Passengers request transportation service on a complex network, and an operating system monitors passenger arrivals and coordinates vehicles in real time. A new online dispatching and routing algorithm is proposed, which minimizes the total travel distance of vehicles and the waiting time of passengers. The algorithm dispatches vehicles by considering multiple vehicles' state and multiple passengers at the same time. In particular, finding the shortest time path is attempted by taking into account the future congestion on lanes. Discrete event simulation is employed to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show the algorithm in this study outperforms others.
The lithospheric transition between the Delamerian and Lachlan orogens in western Victoria: new insights from 3D magnetotelluric imaging
Year: 2017

The magnetotelluric (MT) method was used to image the crust and upper mantle beneath the Delamerian and Lachlan orogens in western Victoria, Australia. During the Cambrian time period, this region changed from being the extended passive margin of Proterozoic Australia into an Andean style convergent margin that progressively began to accrete younger oceanic terranes. Several broadband MT transects, which were collected in stages along coincident deep (full crust imaging) seismic reflection lines, have now been combined to create a continuous 500 km east west transect over the Delamerian Lachlan transition region in the Stawell Zone. We present the electrical resistivity structure of the lithosphere using both 3D and 2D inversion methods. Additionally, 1D inversions of long period AusLAMP (Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project) MT data on a 55 km regionally spaced grid were used to provide starting constraints for the 3D inversion of the 2D profile. The Delamerian to Lachlan Orogen transition region coincides with the Mortlake Discontinuity, which marks an isotopic discontinuity in Cenozoic basalts, with higher strontium isotope enrichment ratios in the Lachlan Orogen relative to the Delamerian Orogen. Phase tensor ellipses of the MT data reveal a distinct change in electrical resistivity structure near the location of the Mortlake Discontinuity, and results of 3D and 2D inversions along the MT profile image a more conductive lower crust and upper mantle beneath the Lachlan Orogen than the Delamerian Orogen. Increased conductivity is commonly ascribed to mantle enrichment and thus supports the notion that the isotope enrichment of the Cenozoic basalts at least partially reflects an enriched mantle source rather than crustal contamination. Fault slivers of the lower crust from the more conductive Lachlan region expose Cambrian boninites and island arc andesites indicative of subduction, a process that can enrich the mantle isotopically, and also electrically, by introducing carbon (graphite) and water (hydrogen)
Lengua, migracion y contacto linguistico en Latinoamerica
Year: 2017

Lengua, migracion y contacto linguistico en Latinoamerica En este articulo presentamos un panorama general del desarrollo del espanol en America prestando especial atencion al contexto sociohistorico que caracterizo la naturaleza del contacto linguistico entre las poblaciones nativas y europeas especialmente espanola y el resultado linguistico que esta situacion produjo. Las siguientes situaciones de contacto lingu.stico son estudiadas: el espanol en contacto con lenguas indigenas; espanol en contacto con lenguas de migracion forzosa; y espanol en contacto con otras lenguas migratorias. Language, migration and linguistic contact in Latin America In this essay, we provide a general introduction to the development of Latin American Spanish by paying special attention to the socio historical scenario that characterized the nature of the contact situation between the Native American populations and the Europeans mainly Spaniards and the linguistic outcomes this contact situation created. The following contact situations are studied: Spanish in contact with indigenous languages; Spanish in contact with coerced migration languages; and Spanish in contact with free migration languages. Lingua, migrazione e contatto linguistico in America Latina In questo articolo forniamo una panoramica generale sullo sviluppo della lingua spagnola in America con particolare attenzione al contesto storico sociale che ha caratterizzato la natura del contatto linguistico tra le popolazioni indigene ed europee specialmente spagnola e il risultato linguistico prodotto. Sono studiate le seguenti situazioni di contatto linguistico: spagnolo a contatto con le lingue indigene; spagnolo a contatto con le lingue della migrazione forzata; e spagnolo a contatto con altre lingue migratorie.
Anti Corrosion Property of Glass Flake Reinforced Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic Coatings
Venue: Materials
Year: 2019

Glass flake (GF) was used as the reinforcement in chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) coatings to promote anti corrosion property. The crystalline phase, curing behavior, micromorphology and electrochemical performance of the coatings were studied. The results indicate that with the addition of magnesia (MgO) a new bonding phase (Mg3(PO4)2) can be formed, which can help the CBPCs achieve a more compact and denser structure. The effect of the magnesia and the GF additives on curing behavior is obvious: the heat of reaction of the phosphate ceramic materials increases with the addition of the magnesia and the GF, which emphasizes the higher crosslinking density in the phosphate ceramic materials. The phosphate ceramic coatings with the magnesia have a higher impedance value compared with the neat phosphate ceramic coating, while the highest impedance value is obtained with increased content of GF. The corrosion mechanism is mainly contributed by the new bonding phase and GF particles, which can hinder the permeation pathway and make the permeation more circuitous.
Porphyrin Alkaline Earth MOFs with the Highest Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue.
Venue: Chemistry
Year: 2016

A series of four porphyrin alkaline earth metal organic frameworks [Mg(HDCPP)2 (DMF)2 ]n (H2 O)7 n (1) [Ca(HDCPP)2 (H2 O)2 ]n (DMF)1.5 n (2) [Sr(DCPP)(H2 O)(DMA)]n (3) and [Ba(DCPP)(H2 O)(DMA)]n (4) was isolated for the first time from solvothermal reaction between metal free 5,15 di(4 carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2 DCPP) and alkaline earth ions. Single crystal X ray diffraction analysis reveals the 2D and 3D supramolecular network with periodic nanosized porosity for 1/2 and 3/4, respectively. The whole series of MOFs, in particular, compounds 1 and 2 with intrinsic low molecular formula weight, exhibit superior adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) with excellent capture capacity as represented by the thus far highest adsorption amount of 952 mg g( 1) for 2 and good selectivity, opening a new way for the potential application of the main group metal based MOFs.
Current Problems of Using Big Data in Kazakhstan
Venue: International Journal of Future Computer and Communication
Year: 2019

Currently Kazakhstan suffers from improper use of data analytical techniques and it will play dramatic role for competition among other developing countries. Kazakhstan does not involved into Data mining from large players such as: Google, Facebook and others media and social networks. There are few ICT companies those names will not be mentioned by ethic reasons. One of them has very high potential for developing in that direction, but their niche is only antifraud system for the banks. The second one has some similarity of Big Data Analytics. It has miserable form of making media and social networking analysis for region administrations. However, it shows that there is a demand and potential for BDA. Kazakhstan has a certain level of ICT infrastructure and well working government and public database, those integrated trough e government GATE. Some barriers make it difficult to interact society and government. Kazakhstan can reach a new level of ICT development by establishment of knowledge of Big Data. It is necessary to emphasize on scientific and practical research to achieve requirements of Bid Data.
Photocatalytic hydrogen production over mixed Cd Zn sulfide catalysts promoted with nickel or nickel phosphide
Year: 2020

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen has been investigated over irradiated aqueous dispersions of mixed Cd Zn sulfide catalysts (CZS) promoted with nickel or nickel phosphide in the presence of sulfide/sulfite ions as sacrificial electron donors. The CZS composites were prepared by a co precipitation method followed by calcination in air at temperatures in the range of 300 to 600 degC. It has been found that heat treatment at 500 degC results in materials with increased activity for H2 evolution, which is attributed to the formation of the Zn0.78Cd0.22S phase. Photocatalytic performance of CZS(500) is further improved following addition of small amounts of Ni or Ni2P on the photocatalyst surface. The activity of the optimized materials, loaded with 0.05 wt. Ni or 0.25 wt. Ni2P, exhibit similar activity with a Pt promoted CZS(500) catalyst, and is one order of magnitude higher than that of the reference TiO2 catalyst of the same platinum loading (0.25 wt. Pt) Results of long term stability tests show that the 0.25%Ni2P/CZS(500) catalyst is very stable in the presence of S2 /SO32 ions in solution, with cadmium leaching not exceeding 0.1% after 65 h under irradiation. Experiments performed with the use of low (or negative) cost waste materials, such as real wastewater resulting from film printing processes or glycerol solutions, demonstrate that the 0.25%Ni2P/CZS(500) photocatalyst exhibits stable H2 evolution even in the absence of S2 /SO32 ions and has the potential to be used as a solar light responsive photocatalyst for practical applications.
Variability and predictability of West African droughts: a review on the role of sea surface temperature anomalies.
Year: 2015

The Sahel experienced a severe drought during the 1970s and 1980s after wet periods in the 1950s and 1960s. Although rainfall partially recovered since the 1990s, the drought had devastating impacts on society. Most studies agree that this dry period resulted primarily from remote effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies amplified by local land surface atmosphere interactions. This paper reviews advances made during the last decade to better understand the impact of global SST variability on West African rainfall at interannual to decadal time scales. At interannual time scales, a warming of the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific/Indian Oceans results in rainfall reduction over the Sahel, and positive SST anomalies over the Mediterranean Sea tend to be associated with increased rainfall. At decadal time scales, warming over the tropics leads to drought over the Sahel, whereas warming over the North Atlantic promotes increased rainfall. Prediction systems have evolved from seasonal to decadal forecasting. The agreement among future projections has improved from CMIP3 to CMIP5, with a general tendency for slightly wetter conditions over the central part of the Sahel, drier conditions over the western part, and a delay in the monsoon onset. The role of the Indian Ocean, the stationarity of teleconnections, the determination of the leader ocean basin in driving decadal variability, the anthropogenic role, the reduction of the model rainfall spread, and the improvement of some model components are among the most important remaining questions that continue to be the focus of current international projects.
Celery Seed Extract Blocks Peroxide Injury in Macrophages via Notch1/NF kB Pathway.
Venue: The American journal of Chinese medicine
Year: 2015

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) induced macrophage foam cell formation and injury is one of the major atherogenic factors. This study is aimed to investigate the protective effect of celery seed extract (CSE) on ox LDL induced injury of macrophages and the underlying signaling pathway. RAW264.7 macrophages were pre incubated with CSE for 24 h, followed by stimulation with ox LDL. Oil red O staining and enzymatic colorimetry indicated CSE significantly lessened lipid droplets and total cholesterol (TC) content in ox LDL injured macrophages. ELISA revealed that CSE decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokine TNF a and IL 6 by 12 27% and 5 15% respectively. MTT assay showed CSE promoted cell viability by 16 40% Cell apoptosis was also analyzed by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscope and the data indicated CSE inhibited ox LDL induced apoptosis of macrophages. Meanwhile, western blot analysis showed CSE suppressed NF kBp65 and notch1 protein expressions stimulated by ox LDL in macrophages. These results suggest that CSE inhibits ox LDL induced macrophages injury via notch1/NF kB pathway.
World health statistics 2010: WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Geneva, 2011, 98 p. Zvit z fizichnoi kulturi i sportu za 2013 rik [Report on Physical Culture and Sport in 2013] Access mode kmu.gov.ua/sport/control/uk/publish. (ukr) Ruban
Year: 2015

to define and to compare separate indicators of a functional condition of touch systems of pupils of middle classes with visual impairment and their contemporaries with normal vision. Materials and Methods pupils of middle classes with visual impairment and pupils of middle classes with normal vision took part in the research. During the research such methods were applied: analysis and synthesis of references, perimetry, determination of visual acuity by means of a special table, acumetry, esthesiometry, determination of resistance of a vestibular mechanism to rotary loadings, methods of mathematical statistics.  the analysis of separate indicators of a functional condition of visual, acoustical, vestibular and tactile analyzers of pupils with visual impairment and without them is carried out.  it is established that the studied indicators of a functional condition of touch systems at pupils of middle classes with visual impairment are better, than at their contemporaries with normal vision
Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system: toward nanoimmunity by design
Year: 2020

Carbon based materials (CBMs) such as graphene, nanodiamonds, carbon fibers, and carbon dots, have attracted much scientific attention as promising biomedical tools. Following exposure, particularly intravenous injection, these nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells. Such interactions could be modulated by the different physicochemical properties of the materials (e.g. structure, size, and chemical functions) by either stimulating or suppressing the immune response. However, a harmonized cutting edge approach for the classification of these materials based not only on their physicochemical parameters but also their immune properties was missing. The European Commission funded G IMMUNOMICS and CARBO IMmap projects aimed to fill this gap, developing a functional pipeline for the qualitative and quantitative immune characterization of graphene, graphene related materials (GRMs) and other CBMs. The goal was to open breakthrough perspectives for the definition of the immune profiles of these materials. Here we summarize our methodological approach, key results, and the necessary multidisciplinary expertise ranging across various fields, from material chemistry to engineering, immunology, toxicology, and systems biology. G IMMUNOMICS, as a partnering project of the Graphene Flagship, the largest scientific research initiative on graphene worldwide, also complemented the studies performed in the Flagship on health and environmental impact of GRMs. Finally, we present the nanoimmunity by design concept, developed within the projects, which can be readily applied to other 2D materials. Overall, the G IMMUNOMICS and CARBO IMmap projects have provided new insights on the immune impact of GRMs and CBMs thus laying the foundation for their safe use and future translation in medicine.
Validating a Mobile Eye Tracking Measure of Integrated Attention Bias and Interpretation Bias in Youth
Venue: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Year: 2019

This study sought to validate a real world speech task designed to assess attention and interpretation bias in an integrated and ecologically valid manner. Thirty adolescent girls gave a speech in front of an emotionally ambiguous judge and a positive judge while wearing mobile eye tracking glasses to assess how long they looked at each judge (i.e. attention bias) They also reported their interpretations of the ambiguous judge and distress associated with the task (i.e. interpretation bias) These task based measures correlated with self report of interpretation bias and mother report of attentional control, demonstrating convergent validity. They did not correlate with frustration or high intensity pleasure, indicating discriminant validity. Task based measures of interpretation bias also showed predictive and incremental validity in relation to child distress during the speech. This proof of concept study demonstrates the initial validity of a novel task designed to assess attention and interpretation bias as they manifest in real world social interactions.
XX Diagnostics on Gigabit Speed SerDes Video Links
Year: 2017

The fast paced development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in the automotive industry, boost the demand for ways of ensuring safe and reliable systems. With the increased data speed of video links, connecting the high resolution cameras with their Electrical Control Units (ECU) ADAS are becoming more sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances. Due to this sensitivity, the conditions of video links in the car should be investigated continuously to ensure the safety and reliability. The outcome of this thesis is the concept Simons Video Interference Check (SIVIC) which is designed to be a technique for diagnostics on video links. The SIVIC concept is able to continuously record video link quality data, detect trends of deteriorating behaviour, detect and distinguish multiple types of disturbances as well as detect video link failures. The SIVIC concept was implemented as a proof of concept tested on two different test rigs based on the technology Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link (GMSL) One of the test rigs contained a parking assist camera, which is developed to be included in a vehicle and representing a real system used in the automotive industry. The video link failure detection was tested by real world tests in a lab at Research Institute of Sweden (RISE) and all other functionality were tested by using software. The SIVIC concept proves how a software module can be used to detect and predict data link failure of high speed automotive video links.