nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning from Complementary Labels
Venue: NIPS
Year: 2017

Collecting labeled data is costly and thus a critical bottleneck in real world classification tasks. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel setting, namely learning from complementary labels for multi class classification. A complementary label specifies a class that a pattern does not belong to. Collecting complementary labels would be less laborious than collecting ordinary labels, since users do not have to carefully choose the correct class from a long list of candidate classes. However, complementary labels are less informative than ordinary labels and thus a suitable approach is needed to better learn from them. In this paper, we show that an unbiased estimator to the classification risk can be obtained only from complementarily labeled data, if a loss function satisfies a particular symmetric condition. We derive estimation error bounds for the proposed method and prove that the optimal parametric convergence rate is achieved. We further show that learning from complementary labels can be easily combined with learning from ordinary labels (i.e. ordinary supervised learning) providing a highly practical implementation of the proposed method. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods.
TMT Based Proteomic Analysis of Human Follicular Fluid From Overweight/Obese and Normal Weight Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Venue: Front. Endocrinol.
Year: 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine and metabolic disorder with heterogeneous manifestations and complex etiology. As a leading cause of anovulatory infertility, the molecular diversity of the follicular microenvironment has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the follicular fluid proteomic profiles of overweight/obese and normal weight women with PCOS, to identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS and to determine the effect of obesity on the follicular fluid protein profiles.  Follicular fluid samples were collected from 3 different groups: overweight/obese PCOS patients (n 29) normal weight PCOS patients (n 29) and normo ovulatory controls (n 29) We used a quantitative approach with tandem mass tag labeling and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Differential abundance of four selected proteins was confirmed by ELISA. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was also conducted to further explore our findings. Furthermore, we compared the clinical, hormonal, and biochemical characteristics of overweight/obese and normal weight patients with PCOS to determine the effects of obesity.  A total of 1,153 proteins were identified, of which 41 and 19 proteins were differentially expressed in the overweight/obese PCOS group vs. the control group, and in the normal weight PCOS group vs. the control group, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the inflammatory, immunological, and metabolic related biological processes were co enriched in both subgroups of PCOS. Apolipoprotein A II, complement C5, fetuin B, and stromal cell derived factor 1 were found to be involved in various processes and were validated using the ELISA analysis. From clinical features and proteomic data, obesity was found to worsen follicular development disturbances in PCOS.  In this proteomic study, a panel of proteins were found differentially expressed in the follicular fluid of PCOS. Inflammatory, immunological, and metabolic abnormalities were identified inside the intra follicular environment, which could be aggravated by obesity. The identified proteins were correlated with follicular growth and may be considered as candidate biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets of PCOS.
Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Venue: CIKM 2010
Year: 2010

On behalf of the organizing committee, I wholeheartedly welcome you to the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2010) I hope this conference proves to be interesting and beneficial. CIKM is a well known top tier and premier ACM conference in the areas of information retrieval, knowledge management and database. Since its inception, the CIKM conference has provided a unique international forum for the presentation, discussion, and dissemination of research findings in data management, information retrieval, and knowledge management. The purpose of the conference is to identify challenging problems facing the development of future knowledge and information systems, and to shape future research directions through the publication of high quality, applied and theoretical research findings. The conference has been a leading forum in which experts from academia, industry, and the government gather to exchange ideas, research achievements, and technical developments in multidisciplinary research areas. CIKM has rapidly grown to become one of the world's most recognized conferences in the field. This year CIKM has received a record high number of submissions in the history of CIKM, as can be seen from the following statistics: 1382 abstracts submitted 945 full papers plus 38 demo papers submitted 126 papers accepted for presentation as full papers (13.3% acceptance rate) and an additional 165 were accepted for short papers (17.5% In addition to regular research tracks, CIKM 2010 features 4 keynote speakers, 4 pre conference tutorials, 9 workshops, 12 industrial full papers and 20 demo papers. I am proud of our program and acknowledge the tireless efforts of people who materialized this program. First of all, I am honored to have 4 distinguished keynote speakers: Jamie Callan, Susan Dumais, Gregory Grefenstette, and Divesh Srivastava. I deeply appreciate their time and commitment to deliver their speeches and share their cutting edge research experiences and insightful comments in their research topics.
Communication in Safety Systems for Railway Transport Using the Example of Axle Counter
Venue: TST
Year: 2018

The article shows rules and guidelines used during safety analysis of a communication system. It refers to EN 50159:2010 European standard, which includes guidelines for definition of categories and risks in telecommunication network and defences used to protect the system against hazards. One of the elements of the transmission protocol safety analysis is calculation of the Hazardous Failure Rate (HR) The analysis incorporates mixed systems, i.e. a safety related transmission system with the standard non safety related one. The chosen idea (black/grey channel) allows to transfer safe and standard data through the same telecommunication bus. Encapsulation of safety data into the protocol based on Ethernet allows to use the standard telecommunication devices and reduce the required hardware. The article refers to practical solutions used in the UniAC2 axle counting system.
Probing the role of multicellular organization in three dimensional microenvironments
Venue: Nature Methods
Year: 2006

Successful application of living cells in regenerative medicine requires an understanding of how tissue structure relates to organ function. There is growing evidence that presentation of extracellular cues in a three dimensional (3D) context can fundamentally alter cellular responses. Thus, microenvironment studies that previously were limited to adherent two dimensional (2D) cultures may not be appropriate for many cell types. Here we present a method for the rapid formation of reproducible, high resolution 3D cellular structures within a photopolymerizable hydrogel using dielectrophoretic forces. We demonstrate the parallel formation of >20,000 cell clusters of precise size and shape within a thin 2 cm2 hydrogel and the maintenance of high cell viability and differentiated cell markers over 2 weeks. By modulating cell cell interactions in 3D clusters, we present the first evidence that microscale tissue organization regulates bovine articular chondrocyte biosynthesis. This platform permits investigation of tissue architecture in other multicellular processes, from embryogenesis to regeneration to tumorigenesis.
Hey Alexa! A Magic Spell of Social Glue? Sharing a Smart Voice Assistant Speaker and Its Impact on Users' Perception of Group Harmony
Venue: Inf. Syst. Frontiers
Year: 2020

Unlike most other computing devices that are known to isolate their users, Smart Voice Assistant Speaker (SVAS) appears to improve the perception of social cohesion (i.e. Group Harmony) among its co users. We hypothesize that the social cues emanated from the continued, and habituated, use of SVAS develop the "illusion of intimacy" which, in turn, ripples through the entire group, and help fulfill the need for social integration. The data collected from 218 families support this hypothesis. We argue that just as a puppy dog contributes to a happy family, so does the SVAS contributes to the social dynamics by making the users unconsciously fulfill their psychological needs and by increasing actual conversations among its users. Incidentally, the study compared the relative influence of three factors (the beta weight of "Hedonic Motivation" being the highest, followed by "Compatibility," and then "Perceived Security" that, as a whole, explain over 60% of the variance in Satisfaction of post adoption SVAS use.
Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability
Year: 2019

We examine the implications of central bank digital currency (CBDC) for financial stability using a monetary general equilibrium model in which (i) banks provide liquidity in the form of fiat currency, and (ii) commercial bank deposits compete with the central bank deposits in CBDC account. CBDC is a national currency denominated, interest bearing and account based claim on the central bank. People have access to CBDC via direct deposit at the central bank. Claims on specific agents cannot be traded across locations due to limited communication and hence in the event of relocation an agent needs to withdraw deposits in the form of universally verified paper currency. Claims on interest bearing CBDC is not subject to limited communication problem in the sense that it is also universally verified across locations as an account based legal tender. The introduction of deposits in CBDC account essentially decreases supply of private credit by commercial banks, which raises the nominal interest rate and hence lowers a commercial bank's reserve deposit ratio. This has negative effects on financial stability by increasing the likelihood of bank panic in which commercial banks are short of cash reserves to pay out to depositors. However, once the central bank can lend all the deposits in CBDC account to commercial banks, an increase in the quantity of CBDC which does not require reserve holdings can enhance financial stability by essentially increasing supply of private credit and hence lowering nominal interest rate.
Cybersecurity in Brain Computer Interfaces: State of the art, opportunities, and future challenges
Venue: ACM Comput. Surv.
Year: 2021

BCIs have significantly improved the patients' quality of life by restoring damaged hearing, sight, and movement capabilities. After evolving their application scenarios, the current trend of BCI is to enable new innovative brain to brain and brain to the Internet communication paradigms. This technological advancement generates opportunities for attackers since users' personal information and physical integrity could be under tremendous risk. This work presents the existing versions of the BCI life cycle and homogenizes them in a new approach that overcomes current limitations. After that, we offer a qualitative characterization of the security attacks affecting each phase of the BCI cycle to analyze their impacts and countermeasures documented in the literature. Finally, we reflect on lessons learned, highlighting research trends and future challenges concerning security on BCIs.
Band offsets and heterostructures of two dimensional semiconductors
Year: 2013

The band offsets and heterostructures of monolayer and few layer transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M Mo, W; X S, Se, Te) are investigated from first principles calculations. The band alignments between different MX2 monolayers are calculated using the vacuum level as reference, and a simple model is proposed to explain the observed chemical trends. Some of the monolayers and their heterostructures show band alignments suitable for potential applications in spontaneous water splitting, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics. The strong dependence of the band offset on the number of layers also implicates a possible way of patterning quantum structures with thickness engineering.
Impact of Zn excess on biomineralization processes in Juncus acutus grown in mine polluted sites.
Venue: Journal of hazardous materials
Year: 2019

Juncus acutus, an halophite plant pioneer in extremely polluted mine areas, was harvested in three different locations of Sardinia (Italy) having Zn soil concentration up to 80g/kg, and Zn water concentration ranging between 10 3g/L and 10 1g/L. Rhizosphere and plant samples were investigated combining X ray microscopy (XM)/spectroscopy (XAFS) and infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) to elucidate the chemical composition, (bio)mineralogy and Zn coordinative environment. The multi technique approach allowed recognizing different biomineralization processes, and Zn complexes in the plant tissues. The Zn chemical environment in root biominerals is multi phase and, depending on the sampling site, can comprise amorphous Zn silicate, Zn apatite, hydrozincite, and Zn sulphate. Zn cysteine and Zn histidine, complexes quoted as part of a detoxification strategy, were found mainly in plants from the site where the Zn water concentration has the highest values. This different site specific mode of Zn biomineralization has relevant implications for phytoremediation techniques and for further biotechnology development, which can be better designed and developed after knowledge of site specific molecular processes ruling mineral evolution and biomineralization. Carboxylic groups and organic compounds (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and esters) were identified by FTIR analysis, thought the Zn speciation is not apparently linked to these carboxylic group rich biopolymers.
Classification of IoT Malware based on Convolutional Neural Network
Venue: 2020 International Conference on Service Science (ICSS)
Year: 2020

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the malware classification problem in the IoT domain. Application executions are represented by sequences of consecutive API calls. The time series of data are analyzed and filtered based on information gains, which reduce sequence lengths while keeping important information. We use convolutional neural networks to classify various types of malwares. The experimental results on real world IoT malware samples show that this approach has a faster and more accurate classification rate than the recurrent neural networks and some other machine learning classification algorithms.
The Use of "Literary Fiction" to Promote Mentalizing Ability
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2016

Empathy is a multidimensional process that incorporates both mentalizing and emotional sharing dimensions. Empathic competencies are important for creating interpersonal relationships with other people and developing adequate social behaviour. The lack of these social components also leads to isolation and exclusion in healthy populations. However, few studies have investigated how to improve these social skills. In a recent study, Kidd and Castano (2013) found that reading literary fiction increases mentalizing ability and may change how people think about other people's emotions and mental states. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of reading literary fiction, compared to nonfiction and science fiction, on empathic abilities. Compared to previous studies, we used a larger variety of empathy measures and utilized a pre and post test design. In all, 214 healthy participants were randomly assigned to read a book representative of one of three literary genres (literary fiction, nonfiction, science fiction) Participants were assessed before and after the reading phase using mentalizing and emotional sharing tests, according to Zaki and Ochsner' s (2012) model. Comparisons of sociodemographic, mentalizing, and emotional sharing variables across conditions were conducted using ANOVA. Our results showed that after the reading phase, the literary fiction group showed improvement in mentalizing abilities, but there was no discernible effect on emotional sharing abilities. Our study showed that the reading processes can promote mentalizing abilities. These results may set important goals for future low cost rehabilitation protocols for several disorders in which the mentalizing deficit is considered central to the disease, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia.
Phase controlled Raman modes and dielectric properties in (1 x)MgTiO3 x(Mg4Ta2O9)1/3
Year: 2018

)MgTiO 3 x (Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 1/3 (MTT in short) ceramics are prepared and the Raman modes and dielectric properties controlled by the phases were investigated. There are two solid solution regions (ss1: 0 x x 1) and one two phase region (ss1+ss2: 0.5 x 0.8) in the MTT system sintered at 1400 degC. Raman modes and dielectric constant of MTT varies smoothly in the solid solutions, which agrees with the behavior of average crystal structures. The local Raman modes and line broadening of Raman peaks in solid solutions indicate local deviation from the average structures. By reasonable simplification, the intrinsic dielectric constant e r is proportional to quadratic x in solid solution regions and proportional to linear x in two phase region, which is helpful for the development of dielectric materials.
Leverage, Dividend Policy, Profitability and Market Value Relationships: A Case of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Year: 2017

This study examines the relationship among leverage, dividend policy, profitability and market value in the context of Nepalese commercial banks. The dependent variables are value of commercial banks defined in terms of dividend per share and market price per share. The independent variables are earnings per share, price earnings ratio, book value per share, return on assets, debt to equity, size and taxes are taken as independent variables. The data are collected from various issues of Banking and Financial Statistics and Bank Supervision Report published by Nepal Rastra Bank and annual reports of selected commercial banks. The study is based on 14 commercial banks of Nepal for the period of 2003 to 2014 leading to the total of 168 observations. The regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of effect of leverage, dividend policy and profitability on value of Nepalese commercial banks. The result shows positive relationship of dividend per share with bank size, earning per share, financial leverage. This means that increase in bank size, earning per share and financial leverage lead to increase in dividend per share. Likewise, the results also shows that there is positive relationship of dividend per share with reserve and surplus, return on assets and tax liabilities indicating that higher the reserve, return on assets and tax liabilities, higher would be the dividend per share. Similarly, market price per share is positively related to earning per share, reserve and financial leverage. It indicates that increase in dividend per share, earning per share, reserve and financial leverage leads to increase in the market price per share. The beta coefficients are significant for size and reserve with dividend per share. Likewise, the beta coefficient is significant for leverage with market price per share.
Class Encapsulation and Object Encapsulation An Empirical Study
Venue: ENASE
Year: 2010

Two schools of thought underpin the way OO programming languages support encapsulation. Object encapsulation ensures that private members are accessible only within a single object. Class encapsulation allows private members to be accessed by other objects of the same class. This paper describes an empirical investigation into the way encapsulation is used in practice in class encapsulation languages C# and Java. We find arbitrary and inconsistent programming practices and suggest that object encapsulation is more intuitive and provides OO design advantages.
Protein Dynamics in the Solid State
Year: 2012

An understanding of biological processes at the molecular level comes from knowledge of the atomic structures of biological macromolecules and how they change over time. Knowledge of molecular motions is consequently an indispensible ingredient for a detailed comprehension of the machinery of life. For example, dynamics is at the core of molecular recognition, signaling, ligand binding, catalysis, and folding phenomena. Moreover, dynamics controls the mechanical properties of structural biopolymers. NMR is a natural choice for studying dynamics, with a variety of possible observables that are sensitive to dynamics over timescales from 10 12 to 102 s. This chapter provides an elementary survey of how solid state NMR can be used to study the dynamics of proteins.
Increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation promotes thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Venue: Science Translational Medicine
Year: 2018

Thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms is associated with increased NETosis that can be targeted with JAK inhibitors. A NET increase in thrombosis Excessive thrombosis is a major cause of complications in cancer, including myeloproliferative neoplasms. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures formed from DNA expelled by activated neutrophils in infection, autoimmune disease, or cancer, and these can be associated with thrombosis. Wolach et al. discovered that increased activity of a protein called JAK2 is associated with NET formation in myeloproliferative neoplasms and that inhibiting it with ruxolitinib, a drug that targets JAK2, decreases thrombosis in a mouse model. Moreover, in a data set from more than 10,000 people without myeloproliferative neoplasms, detection of a clonal population of blood cells with overactive JAK2 correlated with a risk of thrombotic events, suggesting a broader relevance for this finding beyond the setting of cancer. Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) clonal disorders of hematopoiesis characterized by activated Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, a component of innate immunity, has been linked to thrombosis. We demonstrate that neutrophils from patients with MPNs are primed for NET formation, an effect blunted by pharmacological inhibition of JAK signaling. Mice with conditional knock in of Jak2V617F, the most common molecular driver of MPN, have an increased propensity for NET formation and thrombosis. Inhibition of JAK STAT signaling with the clinically available JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogated NET formation and reduced thrombosis in a deep vein stenosis murine model. We further show that expression of PAD4, a protein required for NET formation, is increased in JAK2V617F expressing neutrophils and that PAD4 is required for Jak2V617F driven NET formation and thrombosis in vivo. Finally, in a population study of more than 10,000 individuals without a known myeloid disorder, JAK2V617F positive clonal hematopoiesis was associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis. In aggregate, our results link JAK2V617F expression to NET formation and thrombosis and suggest that JAK2 inhibition may reduce thrombosis in MPNs through cell intrinsic effects on neutrophil function.