nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Limbic predominant age related TDP 43 encephalopathy (LATE) consensus working group report
Venue: Brain a journal of neurology
Year: 2019

Nelson et al. describe a recently recognized brain disorder that mimics the clinical features of Alzheimer's disease: Limbic predominant Age related TDP 43 Encephalopathy (LATE) They review the literature and present consensus based recommendations of an international, multidisciplinary working group, providing guidelines for diagnosis and staging of LATE neuropathological changes.
Breast cancer metastasis to the stomach
Venue: Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment
Year: 2019

This study focuses on the stomach as an unusual but not rare site of metastasis of breast cancer.  We performed a literature search on gastric metastasis from breast cancer searching for reviews from 2000 to 2018 and case reports from 2013 to 2018. We found 11 reviews and 36 case reports and we compared their findings about important aspects of gastric metastasis, such as disease free survival, overall survival, symptoms, endoscopic findings, therapy, histology, and immunohistochemistry.  The incidence of stomach as site of metastasis of breast cancer ranges from 5% to 18% Reviews and case reports reached similar conclusions about several of the aforementioned aspects: invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is mainly responsible for gastric metastases; disease free survival can vary greatly ranging from 0.5 months to 30 years; gastric metastases usually present with non specific symptoms, even though five patients in case reports were asymptomatic; linitis plastica is the most common endoscopic finding; immunohistochemistry is essential for differentiating primary gastric cancer from metastasis; the preferred treatment is systemic therapy, but surgery is still an option in case of emergency; median overall survival of patients with gastric metastasis from breast cancer is 24 months.  Breast metastasis to the stomach should be considered in any patient suspecting gastric neoplasm previously treated for breast carcinoma, especially if the treated carcinoma was ILC.
2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Venue: European heart journal
Year: 2016

ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST segment elevation The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Fundamentals and development of self driving cars
Year: 2020

This paper represents detailed information on the constitutional and development of self driving cars. For a decade, in the automotive industry, there are lots of malfunctions are performed. It makes many issues like accidents, driver's liability and much more. These kinds of problems arise when human interfaces with the car. In real time Self driving cars that are driven by digital technologies without using a human interruption. Based on the fundamentals of developing self driving cars are totally by sensing their environment and automating the tasks. In our proposed system the Localization, Perception, Prediction, Planning, and Control are to make define and governing the car, certain algorithms are used to control the autonomous system and are used for steering functions. The autonomous car can predict and cruise its path and traffic signs as like as pedestrians. It can minimize accidents, fuel rates, and parking space.
PRECEPT: an evidence assessment framework for infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control
Venue: Euro surveillance bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles European communicable disease bulletin
Year: 2017

Decisions in public health should be based on the best available evidence, reviewed and appraised using a rigorous and transparent methodology. The Project on a Framework for Rating Evidence in Public Health (PRECEPT) defined a methodology for evaluating and grading evidence in infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control that takes different domains and question types into consideration. The methodology rates evidence in four domains: disease burden, risk factors, diagnostics and intervention. The framework guiding it has four steps going from overarching questions to an evidence statement. In step 1, approaches for identifying relevant key areas and developing specific questions to guide systematic evidence searches are described. In step 2, methodological guidance for conducting systematic reviews is provided; 15 study quality appraisal tools are proposed and an algorithm is given for matching a given study design with a tool. In step 3, a standardised evidence grading scheme using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE) methodology is provided, whereby findings are documented in evidence profiles. Step 4 consists of preparing a narrative evidence summary. Users of this framework should be able to evaluate and grade scientific evidence from the four domains in a transparent and reproducible way.
SFRP1 and SFRP2 suppress the transformation and invasion abilities of cervical cancer cells through Wnt signal pathway.
Venue: Gynecologic oncology
Year: 2009

Aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers, including cervical cancer. The secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs) function as Wnt antagonists and play important implications in carcinogenesis. Recently, we have shown that SFRP1 and SFRP2 are frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation. However, the function of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in cervical cancer remains unclear.  To improve our understanding of the role of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in cervical cancer cells, we use overexpression or shRNA approach in cervical cancer cell lines.  Restoration of the expression of SFRP1 and SFRP2 attenuated Wnt signaling in CaSki cells, decreased abnormal accumulation of free beta catenin in the nucleus, and suppressed cancer cell growth. In addition, different statuses of beta catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm of CaSki or HeLa3rd cells were observed, suggesting that different Wnt pathways are executed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SFRP1 and SFRP2 enhance the expression of the epithelial marker E cadherin, through inhibition of the expression of SLUG, TWIST and SNAIL, three transcription factors involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Finally, in a xenograft animal model, we showed that SFRP1 suppresses tumorigenicity of cancer cells in vivo.  Taken together, these data strongly suggest that epigenetic silencing of SFRP genes leads to oncogenic activation of the Wnt pathway and contributes to cervical cancer progression through the EMT program.
Sampling Approaches for Imbalanced Data Classification Problem in Machine Learning
Venue: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Year: 2019

Real world datasets in many domains like medical, intrusion detection, fraud transactions and bioinformatics are highly imbalanced. In classification problems, imbalanced datasets negatively affect the accuracy of class predictions. This skewness can be handled either by oversampling minority class examples or by undersampling majority class. In this work, popular methods of both categories have been evaluated for their capability of improving the imbalanced ratio of five highly imbalanced datasets from different application domains. Effect of balancing on classification results has been also investigated. It has been observed that adaptive synthetic oversampling approach can best improve the imbalance ratio as well as classification results. However, undersampling approaches gave better overall performance on all datasets.
All photonic quantum repeaters
Venue: Nature communications
Year: 2015

Quantum communication holds promise for unconditionally secure transmission of secret messages and faithful transfer of unknown quantum states. Photons appear to be the medium of choice for quantum communication. Owing to photon losses, robust quantum communication over long lossy channels requires quantum repeaters. It is widely believed that a necessary and highly demanding requirement for quantum repeaters is the existence of matter quantum memories. Here we show that such a requirement is, in fact, unnecessary by introducing the concept of all photonic quantum repeaters based on flying qubits. In particular, we present a protocol based on photonic cluster state machine guns and a loss tolerant measurement equipped with local high speed active feedforwards. We show that, with such all photonic quantum repeaters, the communication efficiency scales polynomially with the channel distance. Our result paves a new route towards quantum repeaters with efficient single photon sources rather than matter quantum memories.
Experimental Study on Stress Corrosion Index Governing Time Dependent Degradation of Rock Strength
Year: 2020

Rock fractures in geological conditions are caused not only by applied stress, but also by stress corrosion. Stress corrosion is an environmentally activated chemical process, associated with the fluid assisted crack growth. Crack growth due to stress corrosion is related to the time dependent behaviours of rocks and is a crucial factor in determining the stability of underground structures over the long period of time. In this study, constant stress rate tests including Brazilian tension and three point flexural tests for the tensile strength, short beam compression and single shear tests for the in plane shear strength, and a torsion test of rectangular section specimens and a circumferentially notched cylindrical specimen test for the out of plane shear strength were conducted at a different loading rate from 0.01 to 10 MPa/s using Coconino sandstone. The results show that the rock strength was proportional to the 1/(n+1)th power of the loading rate, where the parameter n indicates the stress corrosion index. The stress corrosion index (n) ranged from 34 to 38, with an average value of 36. The stress corrosion indices (n) were similar, irrespective of the loading configuration and specimen geometry. The stress corrosion index (n) can, therefore, be regarded as a material constant of rocks.
Kontrastiva studier i nederlandska och svenska. Med en inledning om tredjespraksinlarning och tvarspraklig medvetenhet
Year: 2019

Den har boken tar upp tva forskningsfalt och kopplar ihop dem: kontrastiva studier och tredjespraksinlarning. Fokus i boken ligger pa beskrivningen av ett antal sprakstrukturer i nederlandska och svenska som inte har behandlats kontrastivt tidigare: rumsliga uttryck for befintlighet och riktning, kopulaverb och deras kategorisering, opersonlig passiv och opersonliga konstruktioner samt positionsverben sta, sitta, ligga och motsvarande verb pa nederlandska. Hur kan man fora samman klassisk kontrastiv analys och tredjespraks inlarning? De tva narbeslaktade spraken nederlandska och svenska ar inga typiska skolsprak som man lar sig i unga ar i grundskolan och pa gymnasiet, utan inlarare kommer framfor allt i kontakt med dem som tredje sprak och i vuxen alder. Det innebar att inlararna redan har kunskap i tidigare inlarda sprak och ofta har utvecklat viss meta lingvistisk och tvarspraklig medvetenhet. Vad innebar det? Det betyder att flersprakiga sprakbrukare i hogre utstrackning an ensprakiga sprakbrukare "kan tala och resonera om spraket sjalv, dess struktur och funktion" och aven har "specifik kunskap om hur tva eller nagra spraks strukturer forhaller sig till varandra" (s. 8) Vid inlarningen av ett tredje sprak ska man alltsa se tidigare inlarda sprak som en resurs, speciellt de sprak som ar narbeslaktade. Genom att studera sprakliga strukturer kontrastivt kan man som inlarare fordjupa sin tvarsprakliga medvetenhet. Vilka sprakliga strukturer i det tredje sprak som jag lar mig liknar strukturer som finns i mitt forsta eller andra sprak? Vilka sprakliga strukturer i tredje spraket liknar daremot inte strukturer i tidigare inlarda sprak? Sadana strukturer kan krava mer uppmarksamhet. Tvarspraklig medvetenhet ar saledes en viktig inlarningsstrategi. Annika Johansson ar universitetslektor i nederlandska vid Stockholms universitet. Hon forskar om kontrastiv semantik, tredjespraksinlar ning och tvarspraklig medvetenhet som didaktiskt redskap. Hennes forskningsprojekt anknyter aven till hennes undervisning i nederlandsk sprakfardighet vid Stockholms universitet. This book deals with two research fields and brings them together: contrastive linguistics and third language acquisition. The book describes the following linguistic structures in Dutch and Swedish from a contrastive perspective: spatial adverbs, copula, impersonal passives, impersonal constructions and finally the posture verbs stand, zit and lie. Dutch and Swedish are usually acquired as a third language and not as a second language, which implies that learners already comprehend various other languages. When learning a language these multilingual learners have developed certain strategies which draw on their competence in earlier studied languages. In the process of learning a third language, metalinguistic and cross linguistic awareness play an important role. Comparing linguistic structures in two closely related languages as Dutch and Swedish can enhance cross linguistic awareness and therefore be used as a didactic tool.
Nursing students' perceptions of their educational environment in the bachelor's programs of the Shifa College of Nursing, Pakistan
Venue: Journal of educational evaluation for health professions
Year: 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate nursing students' perceptions of their educational environment in a private college. Perceptions were compared between genders and 2 bachelor's programs.  A total of 219 students participated in this study, drawn from the Generic Bachelor of Science in Nursing (GBSN) and the Post Registered Nurse Bachelor of Science in Nursing (PRBSN) programs of the Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure was utilized for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate total scores, as well as means and standard deviations, and the t test was applied for comparisons according to program and gender.  The overall total mean score (119 of 200) is suggestive of more positive than negative perceptions of the educational environment. The mean score of 13 of 28 on the social self perception subscale suggests that the social environment was felt to be 'not a nice place. The t test revealed more positive perceptions among students enrolled in the PRBSN program (P<0.0001) than among those enrolled in the GBSN program and more positive perceptions among female students than among male students (P<0.0001)  Commonalities and differences were found in the perceptions of the nursing students. Both positive and negative perceptions were reported; the overall sense of a positive environment was present, but the social component requires immediate attention, along with other unsatisfactory components. Establishing a supportive environment conducive to competence based learning would play an important role in bringing desirable changes to the educational environment.
Improving the quality and quantity of functional and non functional requirements obtained during requirements elicitation stage for the development of e commerce mobile applications: an alternative reference process model
Venue: IET Softw.
Year: 2020

Many of the software development projects are not successfully finished. In many cases, this is because the software requirements were not correctly identified. One of the factors that affect the elicitation of requirements is the proper selection of requirements elicitation techniques. Even when there is a lot of literature that proposes several requirements elicitation techniques, there is no reference process model that indicates the techniques that must be applied by a requirement's engineer to elicit the requirements of a mobile application for e commerce. This gap covers both the elicitation of functional and non functional requirements. Therefore, the authors propose a new model called reference process model for requirements elicitation for e commerce mobile applications development (RPM REFEMAD) which allows the elicitation of requirements based on the use of four elicitation techniques combined in ten steps. The proposed model was applied in the requirements elicitation of two e commerce mobile applications in different scenarios. To visualise the results of the model, a survey was designed and applied to users/stakeholders who participated in the reference process model evaluation. The survey results indicated that RPM REFEMAD model helps to elicit more quality and quantity functional and non functional requirements, in comparison with the use of traditional requirements elicitation techniques.
Design and Optimization of High efficiency Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting
Venue: 2019 PhotonIcs Electromagnetics Research Symposium Spring (PIERS Spring)
Year: 2019

Technology is advancing daily and it has impacted almost every aspect of our life today. We are showing that growth in several miniaturized communications systems that are covering different wireless services capable of achieving a wide frequency range. It is so difficult to powering permanently wireless systems and it becomes crucial to improve the energy autonomy of these objects. So, the harvesting and transport of RF energy is a topical subject with multiple challenges. The present work aims to propose a rectenna system with high efficiency. We propose an ultra wideband antenna array allowing to harvest RF energy from different frequency bands, especially the most often exploited, such as 4G and Wi Fi bands. The major constraint is that receiving antenna must keep reasonable dimensions. On the other hand, we proposed three topologies of rectifying circuits. A parametric study is done to follow the influence of input power and load resistance on rectenna system performance. It has been shown that the efficiency can reach 84% for a load resistance of 2.8 kO and an input power of 5 dBm. A prototype is made to validate the results obtained by software simulations.
Restoration of Historical Document Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Venue: 2019 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP)
Year: 2019

Historical documents are priceless, irreplaceable and an integral part of national and world history. Handwritten documents can be a letter, notes, journal, memoir etc. or any formally written manuscript implicating a historical event or cultural heritage. These types of documents are often fragile and degraded. They have limited timespan because of materials used, and need to be digitized, restored and preserved in digital format to ensure their longevity. In this research work, we have proposed a novel methodology using a single convolutional neural network to denoise and restore old handwritten documents. The proposed model demonstrates excellent performance in restoration and preservation of severely degraded old handwritten document images of around 70 years old.
The Box is in the Pen: Evaluating Commonsense Reasoning in Neural Machine Translation
Venue: FINDINGS
Year: 2020

Does neural machine translation yield translations that are congenial with common sense? In this paper, we present a test suite to evaluate the commonsense reasoning capability of neural machine translation. The test suite consists of three test sets, covering lexical and contextless/contextual syntactic ambiguity that requires commonsense knowledge to resolve. We manually create 1,200 triples, each of which contain a source sentence and two contrastive translations, involving 7 different common sense types. Language models pretrained on large scale corpora, such as BERT, GPT 2, achieve a commonsense reasoning accuracy of lower than 72% on target translations of this test suite. We conduct extensive experiments on the test suite to evaluate commonsense reasoning in neural machine translation and investigate factors that have impact on this capability. Our experiments and analyses demonstrate that neural machine translation performs poorly on commonsense reasoning of the three ambiguity types in terms of both reasoning accuracy 6 60.1% and reasoning consistency (6 31% We will release our test suite as a machine translation commonsense reasoning testbed to promote future work in this direction.
Graphene and MXene based transparent conductive electrodes and supercapacitors
Year: 2019

The great popularity of portable, smart electronics has intensively stimulated the development of energy storage devices and other cutting edge products, such as displays and touch panels. Interactive devices such as smart phone, tablets, and other touchable devices require mechanical robust transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) Developing transparent supercapacitor as the power source is of significance to the next generation transparent electronics. Recently, graphene and MXene, the two representatives in the large two dimensional family, have shown excellent electronic conductivity and attracted great research attention in the energy storage field. Importantly, high performance TCEs are the prerequisite of building transparent supercapacitors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of graphene and MXene based flexible TCEs covering detailed thin film fabrication methods, evaluation metrics, performance limitations as well as approaches to beat these limitations. We especially focus on the fundamentals in the TCEs, such as figure of merit, percolations as well as conductivity behaviours. Graphene and MXene based transparent supercapacitors are analysed, with a particular focus on transparent, freestanding graphene papers. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MXene for TCEs and transparent supercapacitors, in conjunction with a critical analysis of MXene shortcomings, are discussed.