nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
New Imperialism Towards a Holistic Approach
Year: 2018

Towards a Holistic Approach Steven Kettell Alex Sutton  A prominent theme in scholarly analyses of contemporary international affairs concerns the extent to which the unrivalled power and activities of the United States can be said to constitute a form of imperialism. Typically, the contours of this debate centre on the ostensible differences between 'old' and 'new' varieties of imperialist practice. Yet the concept of 'new imperialism' remains one on which little consensus exists. Wide differences of opinion on its origins, dynamics and characteristics are evident, as is an analytical bifurcation between distinct 'economic' and 'geopolitical' explanations. This absence of conceptual unity leads to accounts of new imperialist strategy that are partial, limited and incomplete. If the theoretical value of new imperialism is to be realised, a more holistic approach is needed. To this end, some of the key differences between the contexts of new and old imperialism are explored. The paper concludes that a holistic approach requires an appreciation of imperialism as a strategic choice that springs forth from the intersection of the goals and perceptions held by, as well as the constraints on and opportunities available to, state managers. The distinct environment within which this choice is made provides the novelty of contemporary imperialism, and the particular nature of this environment is further explored in this paper.
p53 Opens the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Trigger Necrosis
Venue: Cell
Year: 2012

Ischemia associated oxidative damage leading to necrosis is a major cause of catastrophic tissue loss, and elucidating its signaling mechanism is therefore of paramount importance. p53 is a central stress sensor responding to multiple insults, including oxidative stress to orchestrate apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Whether p53 can also activate oxidative stress induced necrosis is, however, unknown. Here, we uncover a role for p53 in activating necrosis. In response to oxidative stress, p53 accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix and triggers mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening and necrosis by physical interaction with the PTP regulator cyclophilin D (CypD) Intriguingly, a robust p53 CypD complex forms during brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. In contrast, reduction of p53 levels or cyclosporine A pretreatment of mice prevents this complex and is associated with effective stroke protection. Our study identifies the mitochondrial p53 CypD axis as an important contributor to oxidative stress induced necrosis and implicates this axis in stroke pathology.
Building a robust integrity monitoring algorithm for a low cost GPS aided INS system
Year: 2010

In this paper, the integrity of low cost GPS/INS systems is investigated to ensure the ability to obtain continuous high integrity, high accuracy vehicle state estimate under low computational system requirement. The utilization of two fault detection and identification (FDI) techniques, the kh2 (or sometimes referred to as chi squared) gating function and the multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) is proposed to monitor the integrity of GPS measurements. A fault in GPS measurements is modeled with an increase in GPS measurements noise covariance matrix which may result from mistuning of filter's noise parameters, interference, jamming, or multipath errors. These types of faults are covered by this work and are assumed to last for unconstrained period of time. x2 FDI systems are computationally very inexpensive, have good fault detection ability and require no a priori knowledge on system dynamics. However, they are sensitive to filter tuning and fail to detect faults when the filter converges to them rather than rejecting them. Model based approaches provide outstanding FDI ability. However, they are computationally demanding, require a priori knowledge on system model, sensitive to mismodeling errors, have finite convergence time, and compromise filter optimality under no failure conditions. The proposed fusion algorithm guarantees integrity and does not affect filter's optimality under no failure conditions. Simulated and experimental tests were conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed techniques. Results are presented at the end of the paper to highlight the performance characteristics of the proposed FDI system implementation.
Shaping the organizational architecture for SME survival a case of nascent small restaurants in Durban
Year: 2019

This study explores how planning, leading and organising activities shaped the organisational architecture of the nascent small restaurants that survived the first five years of operating in Durban in South Africa. Twelve owners of nascent small restaurants in Durban were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed to gather data. Themes of how planning, leading and organizing shaped the components of the Mc Kinsey 7 S model in the restaurant were delineated using thematic analysis. The study reveal that the organisational architecture of the nascent restaurant relied on emergent and entrepreneurial planning in the creative use of staff and skills to exploit opportunities and contain disruptions to service. Engaging employees to model the desired values but also using them as an instrument to achieve specific goals depicted an ambidextrous style of leadership. Multiskilling of staff enhanced resilience to operational and customer changes while the empowerment of employees was undermined by trust deficit in the organisational architecture of the restaurant. Critical changes are imperative to re align the organisational architecture of the restaurant and ensure that it enhances survival.
Identification of putative target genes for amplification within 11q13.2 and 3q27.1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Venue: Clinical and Translational Oncology
Year: 2013

BackgroundGenomic aberration is a common feature of human cancers and also is one of the basic mechanisms that lead to overexpression of oncogenes and underexpression of tumor suppressor genes. Our study aims to identify frequent genomic changes and candidate copy number driving genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe used array comparative genomic hybridization to identify recurrent genomic alterations and screened the candidate targets of selected amplification regions by quantitative and semi quantitative RT PCR.ResultsThirty four gains and 16 losses occurred in more than 50 of ESCCs. High level amplifications at 7p11.2, 8p12, 8q24.21, 11q13.2 q13.3, 12p11.21, 12q12 and homozygous deletions at 2q22.1, 8p23.1 p21.2, 9p21.3 and 14q11.2 were also identified. 11q13.2 was a frequent amplification region, in which five genes including CHKA, GAL, KIAA1394, LRP5 and PTPRCAP were overexpressed in tumor tissues than paracancerous normal tissues. The expression of ALG3 at 3q27.1 was higher in ESCCs, especially in patients with lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsTarget gene identification of amplifications or homozygous deletions will help to reveal the mechanism of tumor formation and explore new therapy method.
The 'Partnership Identity' in Higher Education: Moving From 'Us' and 'Them' to 'We' in Student Staff Partnership
Year: 2018

Student staff partnerships in higher education re frame the ways that students and staff work together as active collaborators in teaching and learning. Such a radical re visioning of the relationships between students, staff, and the institutions within which they function is both potentially transformational and a significant challenge given the deeply entrenched identities, and attached norms, that form a part of the institutional culture. Explicit examination of the ways in which identity formation and navigation influences, and is influenced by, student staff partnership is an important but under explored area in the partnership literature. Drawing on structured reflective narratives focused on our own partnership experiences, we employ collaborative autoethnographic methods to explore this nexus through a social identity lens. Results highlight the need to move away from the labelling of dichotomous student/staff roles and identities in the context of partnership to a more nuanced conception that embraces the multiplicity of identity and diverse dimensions of meaning. We highlight the power of the normative conceptions that we attach to different identities, particularly where dissonance arises should those norms conflict. We discuss how this dissonance was particularly salient for us as we crossed the partnership threshold, only to find that the ethos underlying our new partnership identities contradicted the traditional hierarchical structure of the institutions within which we continued to function. Finally, we highlight the implications of these results for those engaging in student staff partnerships in higher education and point the way toward potentially fruitful avenues of future research.
Thinking about A New Mechanism for Huge Page Management
Venue: APSys '19
Year: 2019

The Huge page mechanism is proposed to reduce the TLB misses and benefit the overall system performance. On the system with large memory capacity, using huge pages is an ideal choice to alleviate the virtual to physical address translation overheads. However, using huge pages might incur expensive memory compaction operations due to memory fragmentation problem, and lead to memory bloating as many huge pages are often underutilized in practice. In order to address these problems, in this paper, we propose SysMon H, a sampling module in OS kernel, which is able to obtain the huge page utilization in a low overhead for both cloud and desktop applications. Furthermore, we propose H Policy, a huge page management policy, which splits the underutilized huge pages to mitigate the memory bloating or promotes the base 4KB pages to huge pages for reducing the TLB misses based on the information provided by SysMon H. In our prototype, SysMon H and H Policy work cooperatively in OS kernel.
Dual focal waveguide see through near eye display with polarization dependent lenses.
Venue: Optics letters
Year: 2019

A waveguide near eye display (NED) with a dual focal plane using a polarization dependent lens device is proposed. The novel optical device is composed of a geometric phase holographic lens, a wave plate, and a circular polarizer, which is operating as a concave lens or a see through optical window, depending on the polarization state of the input beam. Such property and ultra thinness of about 1.5 mm can be applied to a combiner eyepiece lens for augmented reality. This optical device attached to the waveguide provides two depth planes with polarization multiplexing. We have demonstrated that our proof of concept system has image planes at infinity and 20 diopters. The devised system can be expected to offer a better immersive experience, compared to a NED system with a single focal plane.
Application of Taguchi Approache to Study the Effect of Filler Type on Tribological Behavior of Polymer Composite Under Dry Conditions
Year: 2014

The tribological behaviour of a G P glass polyeste r composite system and G P composite systems interfaced with graded fillers were tested. The composite materials of G P and G P reinforced with SiC and Graphite particles as secondary fillers were experimentally investigated under varying loads, sliding velocities with dry surfaces by using a Pin on Disc test machine. A plan of experiments, based on the techniques of Taguchi, were performed to acquire data in a controlled way. An L9 Orthogonal array was selected for analysis of the data. Investigations to find the influence of additives, applied load, sliding speed on wear rate, wear resistance as well as the coefficient of friction during wearing process were carried out using ANOVA analysis and regression equation for each response. The model was chosen as "smaller is better" characteristics to analyse the dry sliding wear and friction while "larger is better" for sliding wear resistance. Results show that the additives have the highest influence followed by load and sliding speed. Finally, confirmation tests were performed to verify the experimental results foreseen from the mentioned correlations
Remote context fear conditioning remains hippocampus dependent irrespective of training protocol, training surgery interval, lesion size, and lesion method
Venue: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
Year: 2013

Systems consolidation involves the reorganization of brain circuits that support long term memory. It is a prolonged process that can take days, weeks, or longer. An animal model of systems consolidation was established in the early 1990s and provided compelling support for the initial observations in humans, that hippocampal damage disproportionally impairs recent memory compared to remote memory. Context fear conditioning was the most frequently and successfully used task to study systems consolidation and demonstrate temporally graded retrograde amnesia. However, recent studies have failed to support these early findings of temporal gradients and instead reported that both recent and remote memories are equally impaired. Thus, the status of context fear conditioning as method to study the process of systems consolidation is at present uncertain. Accordingly, we evaluated classically conditioned fear memory in large groups of rats with hippocampal damage by manipulating several procedural variables including the training protocol, the training surgery interval, the extent of hippocampal damage, and the method of damaging the hippocampus. The results indicate that hippocampal damage profoundly impairs context fear conditioning. These findings are unambiguous and independent of any particular procedural manipulation we evaluated. We suggest that the preponderance of currently available evidence indicates that context fear memory remains hippocampus dependent indefinitely.
Life cycle energy and carbon footprint analysis of photovoltaic battery microgrid system in India
Venue: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
Year: 2017

Electricity supply in India is from a centralized grid. Many parts of the country experience grid interruptions. Life cycle energy and environmental analysis has been done for a 27 kWp photovoltaic system which acts as grid backup for 3 h outage in an Indian urban residential scenario. This paper discusses energy requirements and carbon emission for a PV storage system for five different battery technologies in Indian context. This can be used as a metric for comparative analysis for new batteries, with an undeveloped market. The energy requirements for the components are quantified and are compared in terms of energy payback time (EPBT) and Net Energy Ratio (NER) All the calculations are done for Indian context. EPBT is found to be in the range of 2 4.5 years for all the systems, while NER is in the range of 6.6 2.52. NaS has the highest emission factor of 0.67 kgCO2/kWh and the least for NiCd (0.091 kgCO2/kWh) These factors can be used to select a PV battery option and to target selection of materials and systems based on the reported values.
Deja vu: A Contextualized Temporal Attention Mechanism for Sequential Recommendation
Venue: WWW
Year: 2020

Predicting users' preferences based on their sequential behaviors in history is challenging and crucial for modern recommender systems. Most existing sequential recommendation algorithms focus on transitional structure among the sequential actions, but largely ignore the temporal and context information, when modeling the influence of a historical event to current prediction. In this paper, we argue that the influence from the past events on a user's current action should vary over the course of time and under different context. Thus, we propose a Contextualized Temporal Attention Mechanism that learns to weigh historical actions' influence on not only what action it is, but also when and how the action took place. More specifically, to dynamically calibrate the relative input dependence from the self attention mechanism, we deploy multiple parameterized kernel functions to learn various temporal dynamics, and then use the context information to determine which of these reweighing kernels to follow for each input. In empirical evaluations on two large public recommendation datasets, our model consistently outperformed an extensive set of state of the art sequential recommendation methods.
FREQUENCY AND RISK FACTORS OF BREAST FEEDING JAUNDICE IN ICTERIC NEWBORNS
Year: 2013

ALTE is an episode that is frightening to observer and is characterized by some combination of apnea (central or occasionally obstructive) color change (usually cyanotic or pallid but occasionally erythematous or plethoric) marked change in muscle tone (usually marked limpness) choking, or gagging. Previously used terms of "aborted crib death" or "near miss SIDS," are no longer acceptable as they imply a close relationship between ALTEs and SIDS. The Incidence of this condition is 0.05 to 6% in infants (mostly <3 months) it makes 0.8 to 1% of emergency department visits of <1 year old patients and 12% of pediatric hospitalizations. Patients' history and physical examination are the most important parts of the evaluation. Moreover, the details of the event and the environment in which it happened are important. More than 80% of the patients look well after the episode; however, less than 20% of them have the signs and symptoms obviously requiring hospitalization. Risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients with ALTE include prematurity and more than one ALTE's significant medical problems in 24 hours.  About 50% of ALTEs fail to be explained after full work up and observation. The most common causes of ALTE include GE reflux, seizure, and respiratory infections. Work up and evaluation: Routine screening tests for GE reflux, sepsis, meningitis and seizures have low yield in infants who are well appearing. Limited and appropriate evaluations are encouraged, as there is no even minimal standard work up for ALTE. After careful evaluations, if the etiology or episode appears to be life threatening, patient needs hospitalization for observation and further work up.  ALTE is a confusing entity representing a collection of descriptive symptoms and signs, not a diagnosis. Multiple possible etiologies of ALTE as well as difficulties in its evaluation and management are challenges for physicians. Taking detailed history and performing precise physical examination of the patient as well as making appropriate evaluations lead the physician to decide to hospitalize the patient or not.
Thermal transport across twin grain boundaries in polycrystalline graphene from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.
Venue: Nano letters
Year: 2011

We have studied the thermal conductance of tilt grain boundaries in graphene using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. When a constant heat flux is allowed to flow, we observe sharp jumps in temperature at the boundaries, characteristic of interfaces between materials of differing thermal properties. On the basis of the magnitude of these jumps, we have computed the boundary conductance of twin grain boundaries as a function of their misorientation angles. We find the boundary conductance to be in the range 1.5 x 10(10) to 4.5 x 10(10) W/(m(2) K) which is significantly higher than that of any other thermoelectric interfaces reported in the literature. Using the computed values of boundary conductances, we have identified a critical grain size of 0.1 mm below which the contribution of the tilt boundaries to the conductivity becomes comparable to that of the contribution from the grains themselves. Experiments to test the predictions of our simulations are proposed.
Timing of nest vegetation measurement may obscure adaptive significance of nest site characteristics: A simulation study
Venue: Ecology and evolution
Year: 2017

Advances in understanding avian nesting ecology are hindered by a prevalent lack of agreement between nest site characteristics and fitness metrics such as nest success. We posit this is a result of inconsistent and improper timing of nest site vegetation measurements. Therefore, we evaluated how the timing of nest vegetation measurement influences the estimated effects of vegetation structure on nest survival. We simulated phenological changes in nest site vegetation growth over a typical nesting season and modeled how the timing of measuring that vegetation, relative to nest fate, creates bias in conclusions regarding its influence on nest survival. We modeled the bias associated with four methods of measuring nest site vegetation: Method 1 measuring at nest initiation, Method 2 measuring at nest termination regardless of fate, Method 3 measuring at nest termination for successful nests and at estimated completion for unsuccessful nests, and Method 4 measuring at nest termination regardless of fate while also accounting for initiation date. We quantified and compared bias for each method for varying simulated effects, ranked models for each method using AIC, and calculated the proportion of simulations in which each model (measurement method) was selected as the best model. Our results indicate that the risk of drawing an erroneous or spurious conclusion was present in all methods but greater with Method 2 which is the most common method reported in the literature.  1 and 3 were similarly less biased. Method 4 provided no additional value as bias was similar to Method 2 for all scenarios. While  1 is seldom practical to collect in the field, Method 3 is logistically practical and minimizes inherent bias.  will facilitate estimating the effect of nest site vegetation on survival, in the least biased way, and allow reliable conclusions to be drawn.
Natural Language Semantic Construction Based on Cloud Database
Year: 2018

Natural language semantic construction improves natural language comprehension ability and analytical skills of the machine. It is the basis for realizing the information exchange in the intelligent cloud computing environment. This paper proposes a natural language semantic construction method based on cloud database, mainly including two parts: natural language cloud database construction and natural language semantic construction. Natural Language cloud database is established on the CloudStack cloud computing environment, which is composed by corpus, thesaurus, word vector library and ontology knowledge base. In this section, we concentrate on the pretreatment of corpus and the presentation of background knowledge ontology, and then put forward a TF IDF and word vector distance based algorithm for duplicated webpages (TWDW) It raises the recognition efficiency of repeated web pages. The part of natural language semantic construction mainly introduces the dynamic process of semantic construction and proposes a mapping algorithm based on semantic similarity (MBSS) which is a bridge between Predicate Argument (PA) structure and background knowledge ontology. Experiments show that compared with the relevant algorithms, the precision and recall of both algorithms we propose have been significantly improved. The work in this paper improves the understanding of natural language semantics, and provides effective data support for the natural language interaction function of the cloud service.