nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage Quantification in Aluminium CFRP Composite Structures using Guided Wave Wavenumber Mapping
Year: 2019

The use of composite materials is associated not only with the advantages of weight reduction and improved structural performance but also with the risk of barely visible impacts or manufacturing damages. One of the promising techniques for the detection and characterisation of such damages is based on ultrasonic guided wave propagation and analysis. However, the multimodal nature and dispersive behaviour of these waves make their analysis difficult. Various signal processing techniques have been proposed for easier interpretation of guided wave signals and extraction of the necessary information about the damage. One of them is the wavenumber mapping which consists of creating a cartography of the wavenumber of a propagating mode over an inspected area, using a dense wavefield acquisition measured for example with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. This technique allows both the quantification of the in plane size and the depth of damage, for example, impact induced delamination in composite laminates. In this contribution, wavenumber mapping is applied to a delaminated aluminium CFRP composite structure which corresponds to composite overwrapped pressure vessels used for storing gases in aerospace and automotive industries. The analysis of experimental data obtained from measurements of guided waves propagating in an aluminium CFRP composite plate with impact induced damage is performed. The output of the imaging is a three dimensional representation of the delamination induced by the impact. Good agreement between conventional ultrasonic testing and guided wave damage mapping can be found.
Act now: a call to action for gender equality in global health
Venue: The Lancet
Year: 2017

www.thelancet.com Published online January 20, 2017 http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140 6736(17)30143 5 1 for new appointments across several areas. Although the global health community has already committed itself to gender parity, targets are not being met and progress needs to be quickened. All United Nations (UN) agencies set targets to achieve gender parity by 2017 through the UN System Wide Action Plan (SWAP) WHO is not expected to reach gender parity until 2022. The UN SecretaryGeneral has made clear commitments to gender parity in leadership across the UN system. We believe it is time for the next WHO Director General to fully realise gender equality at the WHO by committing to gender parity, fi lling senior positions accordingly and setting goals for gender parity and reporting regularly on the progress made. We also believe that Member States should support and sign on to the Call to Action for Gender Equality in Global Health on the occasion of the 140th session of the WHO Executive Board. We call on WHO and its Member States to promote: gender equality in leadership positions of WHO; the meaningful engagement of men and women in the technical programmes of WHO; and active monitoring, data generation, and the adoption of evidence based best practices that promote gender parity and equality in health governance across WHO and in Member States. We commit to leading by example by: proposing reforms to the WHO secretariat that will institute specifi c measures to achieve gender parity in their top leadership; ensuring equal representation of both women and men in our delegations to the World Health Assembly and WHO Executive Board meetings and regional governance meetings; and maintaining gender parity in the organisation of all panels and events that we convene during the WHA and other high level international and regional global health events.
Super resolution single photon imaging at 8.2 kilometers.
Venue: Optics express
Year: 2020

Single photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) offering single photon sensitivity and picosecond time resolution, has been widely adopted for active imaging applications. Long range active imaging is a great challenge, because the spatial resolution degrades significantly with the imaging range due to the diffraction limit of the optics, and only weak echo signal photons can return but mixed with a strong background noise. Here we propose and demonstrate a photon efficient LiDAR approach that can achieve sub Rayleigh resolution imaging over long ranges. This approach exploits fine sub pixel scanning and a deconvolution algorithm tailored to this long range application. Using this approach, we experimentally demonstrated active three dimensional (3D) single photon imaging by recognizing different postures of a mannequin model at a stand off distance of 8.2 km in both daylight and night. The observed spatial (transversal) resolution is ~5.5 cm at 8.2 km, which is about twice of the system's resolution. This also beats the optical system's Rayleigh criterion. The results are valuable for geosciences and target recognition over long ranges.
Updated definition of glass ceramics
Year: 2018

Glass ceramics are noted for their unusual combination of properties and manifold commercialized products for consumer and specialized markets. Evolution of novel glass and ceramic processing routes, a plethora of new compositions, and unique exotic nano and microstructures over the past 60 years led us to review the definition of glass ceramics. Well established and emerging processing methods, such as co firing, additive manufacturing, and laser patterning are analyzed concerning the core requirements of processing glass ceramics and the performance of the final products. In this communication, we propose a revised, updated definition of glass ceramics, which reads "Glass ceramics are inorganic, non metallic materials prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods. They contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass. The volume fraction crystallized may vary from ppm to almost 100%"
Abdominal tuberculosis: a descriptive case series of the experience in a Canadian tuberculosis clinic.
Venue: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Year: 2018

To describe the experience with abdominal tuberculosis (TB) including potential risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, treatment and clinical course, at one Canadian clinic.  This was a retrospective case series of all patients with abdominal TB (excluding the genito urinary system and abdominal muscle) who received care at the Saint Michael's Hospital TB Clinic (Toronto, ON, Canada) from April 2003 to July 2016.  Of 590 active TB cases encountered between April 2003 and July 2016, 24 (4.1% had abdominal TB. All cases were foreign born, and over 50% occurred among individuals who were not recent immigrants. Background abdominal illnesses and immunocompromised health status were rarely seen. Lymphadenitis (58.3% and the peritoneum (41.7% were the most common forms of abdominal TB, bowel involvement was infrequent and most had concomitant extra abdominal disease (62.5% All cases were cured, largely using 9 months of pharmacotherapy. Gastrointestinal intolerance and liver dysfunction were rarely observed side effects of therapy.  Several traditional TB risk factors occurred infrequently among our cases, which highlights the importance of having a low threshold for considering abdominal TB in the appropriate clinical setting. Although abdominal TB often occurred in the context of disseminated disease, cure was achievable, but 9 months of treatment may generally be needed.
Applications of WASPAS Method in Manufacturing Decision Making
Venue: Informatica
Year: 2014

In order to survive in the present day global competitive environment, it now becomes es sential for the manufacturing organizations to take prompt and correct decisions regarding effective use of their scarce resources. Various multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are now available to help those organizations in choosing the best decisive course of actions. In this paper, the applicability of weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method is explored as an effective MCDM tool while solving eight manufacturing decision making problems, such as selection of cutting fluid, electroplating system, forging condition, arc welding process, industrial robot, milling condition, machinability of materials, and electro discharge micro machining process parameters. It is observed that this method has the capability of accurately ranking the alternatives in all the considered selection problems. The effect of the parameteron the ranking performance of WASPAS method is also studied.
Publish and Flourish: Using Blockchain Platform to Enable Cooperative Scholarly Communication
Venue: Publ.
Year: 2019

Scholarly communication is today immersed in publish or perish culture that propels non cooperative behavior in the sense of strategic games played by researchers. Here we introduce and describe a blockchain based platform for decentralized scholarly communication. The design of the platform rests on community driven publishing reviewing processes and implements cryptoeconomic incentives that promote cooperative user behavior. The key to achieve cooperation in blockchain based scholarly communication is to transform today's static research paper into a modifiable research paper under continuous peer review process. We introduce and discuss the implementation of a modifiable research paper as a smart contract on the blockchain.
Regional Potential of Pectin and Bioethanol Productionfrom Fruit waste (peels of citrus and mango) Case study waste to Product at Pakistan
Year: 2017

Growing populations, rising energy and food demands have persuaded the communities across the globe to look for alternative energy sources to meet their local energy needs. Pakistan is a developing agricultural country facing acute energy crises from last two decades. Due to unavailability of technological development, major valuable resources are wasted every year. Among them, fruit wastes of Oranges and Mangos are considerably large in the quantity. This also causes environmental challenge as well. Pakistan's annuallyyield 2.1 million tons of oranges, exporting 89% to nearby countries. The annual production of mangoes is 1.88 million tons exporting 11% to Europe and Arab countries. According to our experimental results total orange peels are 27.41% owing to an annual total potential of 0.57 million tons with 0.158 million tons in the form of fibrous material from juice industry. Compositional analysis of orange peels shows that the potential of 787.272 tons pectin production per year exists in the region. In Mangos, the peels are of 6 of the various verities in composition. An expected peel potential are 103013tons per year is available in the region. These peels contain sugar of which reducing sugar and other solid shows a potential of pectin and ethanol through fermentation process.  Energy crises, Oranges and Mangos peel, Pectin, Bioethanol
Changing labour market conditions during the 'great recession' and mental health in Scotland 2007 2011: an example using the Scottish Longitudinal Study and data for local areas in Scotland.
Venue: Social science medicine
Year: 2019

This paper reports research exploring how trends in local labour market conditions during the period 2007 2011 (early stages of the 'great recession' relate to reported mental illness for individuals. It contributes to research on spatio temporal variation in the wider determinants of health, exploring how the lifecourse of places relates to socio geographical inequalities in health outcomes for individuals. This study also contributes to the renewed research focus on the links between labour market trends and population health, prompted by the recent global economic recession. We report research using the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) a 5.3% representative sample of the Scottish population, derived from census data (https:/sls.lscs.ac.uk/ In Scotland, (2011) census data include self reported mental health. SLS data were combined with non disclosive information from other sources, including spatio temporal trends in labour market conditions (calculated using trajectory modelling) in the 32 local authority areas in Scotland. We show that, for groups of local authorities in Scotland over the period 2007 2011, trends in employment varied. These geographically variable trends in employment rates were associated with inequalities in self reported mental health across the country, after controlling for a number of other individual and neighbourhood risk factors. For residents of regions that had experienced relatively high and stable levels of employment the odds ratio for reporting a mental illness was significantly lower than for the 'reference group' living in areas with persistently low employment rates. In areas where employment declined markedly from higher levels, the odds ratio was similar to the reference group. The findings emphasise how changes in local economic conditions may influence people's health and wellbeing independently of their own employment status. We conclude that, during the recent recession, the economic life course of places across Scotland has been associated with individual mental health outcomes.
Deep {Q} Network Based Route Scheduling for TNC Vehicles With Passengers' Location Differential Privacy
Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Year: 2019

The transportation network company (TNC) services efficiently pair the passengers with the vehicles/drivers through mobile applications, such as Uber, Lyft, Didi, etc. TNC services definitely facilitate the traveling of passengers, while it is equally important to effectively and intelligently schedule the routes of cruising TNC vehicles to improve TNC drivers' revenues. From the TNC drivers' side, the most critical question to address is how to reduce the cruising time, and improve the efficiency/earnings by using their own vehicles to provide TNC services. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based TNC route scheduling approach, which allows the TNC service center to learn about the dynamic TNC service environment and schedule the routes for the vacant TNC vehicles. In particular, we jointly consider multiple factors in the complex TNC environment, such as locations of the TNC vehicles, different time periods during the day, the competition among TNC vehicles, etc. and develop a deep {Q} network based route scheduling algorithm for vacant TNC vehicles based on distributed framework, which makes the server closer to the terminal users and accelerates the training speed. Furthermore, we apply the geo indistinguishability scheme based on differential privacy to preserve the sensitive location information uploaded by the passengers. We evaluate the proposed algorithm's performance via simulations using open data sets from Didi Chuxing. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed scheme is effective in reducing the cruising time of vacant TNC vehicles and improving the earnings of TNC drivers.
COVID 19 in India: State wise Analysis and Prediction
Venue: medRxiv
Year: 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) a highly infectious disease, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease has spread to 210 countries and territories around the world and infected (confirmed) more than two million people. In India, the disease was first detected on 30 January 2020 in Kerala in a student who returned from Wuhan. The total (cumulative) number of confirmed infected people is 17615 till now across India (19 April 2020) Most of the research and newspaper articles focus on the number of infected people in entire India. However, given the size and diversity of India, it may be a good idea to look at the spread of the disease in each state separately, along with the entire country. For example, currently, Maharashtra has more than 2500 confirmed cumulative infected cases, whereas West Bengal has less than 300 confirmed infected cases (16 April 2020) The approaches to address the pandemic in the two states must be different due to limited resources. In this article, we will focus the infected people in each state (restricting to only those states with enough data for prediction) and build three growth models to predict infected people for that state in the next 30 days. The impact of preventive measures on daily infected rate is discussed for each state.
'I teach them that anything is possible' exploring how adult leaders perceive and handle social factors of youth mental health in the context of young people's civic engagement
Year: 2020

The aim of this qualitative study was 2 fold: to explore, in the context of young people's civic engagement in Sweden, (i) how adult leaders perceive social factors of youth mental health and (ii) how adult leaders handle such social factors within their organizations. Interviews were conducted with leaders engaged in various civic organizations that provide leisure activities for young people. Using thematic analysis, three themes were constructed. Firstly, the social landscape of youth mental health described how adult leaders perceived the social factors of youth mental health within the context of civic engagement. Secondly, the organizational structures developed by adult leaders illustrated the organizing forms that leaders created for young people's civic engagement. Thirdly, adult leaders' strategies for addressing the social factors of youth mental health reflected the strategies developed to handle e.g. stress and achievement pressure. The adult leaders recognized the importance of their organizations and their huge potential to have a positive impact on youth mental health. However, some participants also saw limitations in terms of their own resources and competence. They found themselves having to address the complex issue of social factors of youth mental health regardless of whether they felt competent and prepared to do this or not. Our findings contribute to the existing knowledge on youth and community development via the role of adult leaders in promoting young people's mental health by highlighting the organizational structures and leadership strategies developed by them.
Information and communication technology (ICT) and environmental sustainability: a panel data analysis
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Year: 2020

This study investigates the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on carbon dioxide emissions for a panel of 91 countries over the period 1990 to 2017. The study constructs an ICT index through principal component analysis and tests for the presence of cross sectional dependence (CSD) in the data. The study employs pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects model, and system generalized method of moments estimation techniques with panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) to tackle the issues of CSD in the data. The findings of the study show that ICT reduces CO 2 emissions for the full sample of countries. However, the comparative study of developed and developing countries depicts that ICT encourages environmental sustainability in developed countries whereas opposite results are found for developing countries. Moreover, presence of the environmental Kuznets curve is confirmed for the full sample as well as for developed and developing countries. It suggests that with higher levels of development of a country, it would be possible to contribute towards environmental sustainability along with ICT diffusion. Therefore, the outcome of this study may be helpful for policymaker and policies may be designed to encourage ICT investments in developing countries, as ICT will take care of environmental sustainability with higher levels of development.
Percutaneous implantation of the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve for conduit failure in the pulmonary position: early phase 1 results from an international multicenter clinical trial.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Year: 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve (Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Irvine, California) in the pulmonary position in patients with moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation with or without stenosis.  Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement is evolving, but to date, experience has been limited to the Melody valve (Medtronic Inc. Minneapolis, Minnesota)  Eligible patients with dysfunctional right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits were screened if body weight was =35 kg and the in situ conduit diameter was =16 mm and =24 mm. Standardized implantation and follow up protocols were used.  Thirty six patients from 4 centers were recruited between April 2008 and May 2010. Mean body weight was 73.4 22.9 kg. Successful valve deployment was achieved in 33 of 34 attempts (97.1% Valve migration occurred in 3 patients, with 2 requiring surgical retrieval; however, 1 patient underwent successful perventricular valve implantation. Further intraprocedure complications included pulmonary hemorrhage (n 2) ventricular fibrillation (n 1) and stent migration (n 1) Pullback gradient across the conduit decreased from 26.8 18.4 mm Hg to 11.7 8.0 mm Hg (p 0.001) The right ventricular/aortic pressure ratio decreased from 0.6 0.2 to 0.4 0.1 (p 0.001) Peak Doppler gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract decreased from 41.9 27.9 mm Hg to 19.1 13.3 mm Hg (p 0.001) At 6 month follow up, all patients were alive. The number of patients with New York Heart Association functional class I increased from 5 at baseline to 27 at follow up. Pulmonary regurgitation was =2+ in 97% of patients. Freedom from reintervention was 97% with 1 patient undergoing elective placement of a second valve due to conduit induced distortion of the initial implant.  Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement using the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve is safe and effective in patients with dysfunctional right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits.
On projected stochastic gradient descent algorithm with weighted averaging for least squares regression
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Year: 2016

The problem of least squares regression of a d dimensional unknown parameter is considered. A stochastic gradient descent based algorithm with weighted iterate averaging that uses a single pass over the data is studied and its convergence rate is analyzed. We first consider a bounded constraint set of the unknown parameter. Under some standard regularity assumptions, we provide an explicit O(1/k) upper bound on the convergence rate, depending on the variance (due to the additive noise in the measurements) and the size of the constraint set. We show that the variance term dominates the error and decreases with rate 1 /k, while the constraint set term decreases with rate log k/k2. We then compare the asymptotic ratio r between the convergence rate of the proposed scheme and the empirical risk minimizer (ERM) as the number of iterations approaches infinity. We show that r 4 under some mild conditions for all d 1. We further improve the upper bound by showing that r 4/3 for the case of d =1 and unbounded parameter set. Simulation results demonstrate strong performance of the algorithm as compared to existing methods, and coincide with r 4/3 even for large d in practice.