nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Lifetime improvement of wireless sensor network by information sensitive aggregation method for railway condition monitoring
Venue: Ad Hoc Networks
Year: 2019

Lifetime maximization is an important issue while designing wireless sensor network. One of the ways to increase the lifetime of WSN is to reduce the energy demand of the sensor nodes and cluster head nodes, which can be decreased by filtering out redundant data traffic. A Two Layer Hierarchal Aggregation (TLHA) protocol has been proposed, which filter out redundant data traffic. Simple aggregation algorithm has been used to classify the sensed data based on their normalized standard deviation for efficient data filtration. The algorithm also performs k Means based re classification of data to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Two layered redundant data filtration technique has been proposed to classify the data. Aggregation protocol reduces data traffic in lower layer hierarchy (sensor nodes to cluster head node) as well as upper layer hierarchy (cluster head nodes to base station node) In former, Energy efficient Time Division Multiple Access (EA TDMA) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is used while in latter Bit Map Assisted (BMA) MAC protocol is used for transmission of data. Simulation and experimental results show that TLHA saves an enormous amount of energy, which finally increases the lifetime of the sensor network. The performance of the proposed TLHA protocol has been compared with already existing protocols viz. Data Aggregation Window Function (DAWF) and Spatial Temporal Correlation Algorithm (STCA)
Dynamic Two Sided Pricing under Sequential Innovation
Year: 2012

Technology innovation engenders products of higher qualities and reduces production costs. This paper focuses on a two sided platform tied with quality improving hardware devices that are introduced sequentially. We analyze a monopolist's dynamic pricing strategies facing decreasing future production cost and strategic buyers. Findings in both the traditional (buyer side only) and two sided business models show that future cost reductions raise the optimal price of the present product, which shifts the buyer side demand forward and mitigates intertemporal cannibalization. Furthermore, future cost reductions may also lead to a higher optimal price for the future product, given a substantial quality improvement. Thus, the monopolist may leverage future cost reductions to position its product line to the high end market. By comparing the traditional and two sided business models, we find that the impact of future cost reductions is more pronounced for a two sided platform.
Does preschool experience matter? the relevance of preschool education and home activities for children's cognitive and social development at school entry in rural China
Year: 2015

There has been growing interest in early childhood education and care (ECEC) globally, especially with respect to the possible benefits upon child wellbeing. In China, the government also has put great efforts recently in boosting preschool centre participation nationwide. The urban rural disparities in the ECEC development, however, are great challenges. Moreover, little is known about the quality of these centre based preschool programmes, especially in rural areas. Accumulating evidence from studies worldwide, largely from Western countries, indicates that high quality centre based preschool programmes can be beneficial for child wellbeing. However, the cultural context is an issue of concern. This thesis investigates the relevance of aspects of home and preschool centre environments for children's cognitive and social development at preschool, measured one year before school entry (Phase 1) and later at school entry (Phase 2) The sample included 298 children (Mean age 69 months, 151 girls) and families clustered in 19 preschool centres from rural China. Multilevel models were applied to the hierarchical data and these multilevel analyses revealed that, less than 10% of the variations in cognitive and social outcomes at school entry were attributable to the preschool centre differences. After accounting for selected background factors, preschool home activities were relevant to various aspects of cognitive and social development during preschool and at school entry; home activities appeared to be more relevant to social development. Positive associations were found between preschool centre quality (based on ECERS R and ECERS E) teachers' qualifications and developmental outcomes both at preschool and at school entry; preschool centre experience appeared to be more relevant to cognitive development and teacher report behaviour outcomes. In summary, while child and family background factors such as age, gender, family income and parental education are important, the extent of home activities in the preschool years and preschool centre experience may both exert an independent influence upon children's cognitive and social development before school entry. These findings highlight the importance of higher quality of preschool centre experience and a better home learning environment for child development at school entry in rural China.
The antenna correlation coefficient in wireless sensor networks
Venue: 2017 XXXIInd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS)
Year: 2017

Diversity antennas are for improving communications and sensing systems. The concept has been around for well over half a century and overlaps with sensor array design. Diversity in communications has come to the fore because most of our radio links are now mobile, seldom having a line of sight but being rich in multipath where the signals from single port antennas are degraded. It was originally developed for the receiving case, but recent advances, driven by consumer demand for better performance, has seen diversity deployed at both ends, allowing multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communications. With wireless sensor networks (WSNs) gaining broader interest i.e. systems other than cellular and wifi networks, antenna diversity techniques take on a broader interest for improving WSN sensor node and network performance. The most important parameter in diversity design is the correlation coefficient, but this is not widely understood. We present an update which aims to clarify some common misconceptions. The various definitions of correlation coefficients for similar elements, are shown analytically to be the same and this is demonstrated for practical antennas for WSN nodes. Finally, it is clarified why the ensemble signal correlation coefficient, or its estimate, is often different from that commonly calculated in commercial antenna simulators.
Should we learn culture in chemistry classroom? Integration ethnochemistry in culturally responsive teaching
Year: 2017

The papers report the first year of two year longitudinal study of ethnochemistry integration in culturally responsive teaching in chemistry classrooms. The teaching approach is focusing on exploring the culture and indigenous knowledge in Indonesia from chemistry perspectives. Ethnochemistry looks at the culture from chemistry perspectives integrated into culturally responsive teaching has developed students' cultural identity and students' engagement in chemistry learning. There are limited research and data in exploring Indonesia culture, which has around 300 ethics, from chemistry perspectives. Students come to the chemistry classrooms from a different background; however, their chemistry learning disconnected with their background which leads to students' disengagement in chemistry learning. Therefore this approach focused on students' engagement within their differences. This research was conducted with year 10 and 11 from four classrooms in two secondary schools through qualitative methodology with observation, interviews, and reflective journals as data collection. The results showed that the integration of ethnochemistry in culturally responsive teaching approach can be implemented by involving 5 principles which are content integration, facilitating knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, social justice, and academic development. The culturally responsive teaching has engaged students in their chemistry learning and developed their cultural identity and soft skills. Students found that the learning experiences has helped to develop their chemistry knowledge and understand the culture from chemistry perspectives. The students developed the ability to work together, responsibility, curiosity, social awareness, creativity, empathy communication, and self confidence which categorized into collaboration skills, student engagement, social and cultural awareness, and high order thinking skills. The ethnochemistry has helped them to develop the critical self reflection on their own cultural background.The papers report the first year of two year longitudinal study of ethnochemistry integration in culturally responsive teaching in chemistry classrooms. The teaching approach is focusing on exploring the culture and indigenous knowledge in Indonesia from chemistry perspectives. Ethnochemistry looks at the culture from chemistry perspectives integrated into culturally responsive teaching has developed students' cultural identity and students' engagement in chemistry learning. There are limited research and data in exploring Indonesia culture, which has around 300 ethics, from chemistry perspectives. Students come to the chemistry classrooms from a different background; however, their chemistry learning disconnected with their background which leads to students' disengagement in chemistry learning. Therefore this approach focused on students' engagement within their differences. This research was conducted with year 10 and 11 from four classrooms in two secondary schools through qualitative methodology with.
REALM: Retrieval Augmented Language Model Pre Training
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Language model pre training has been shown to capture a surprising amount of world knowledge, crucial for NLP tasks such as question answering. However, this knowledge is stored implicitly in the parameters of a neural network, requiring ever larger networks to cover more facts. To capture knowledge in a more modular and interpretable way, we augment language model pre training with a latent knowledge retriever, which allows the model to retrieve and attend over documents from a large corpus such as Wikipedia, used during pre training, fine tuning and inference. For the first time, we show how to pre train such a knowledge retriever in an unsupervised manner, using masked language modeling as the learning signal and backpropagating through a retrieval step that considers millions of documents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Retrieval Augmented Language Model pre training (REALM) by fine tuning on the challenging task of Open domain Question Answering (Open QA) We compare against state of the art models for both explicit and implicit knowledge storage on three popular Open QA benchmarks, and find that we outperform all previous methods by a significant margin (4 16% absolute accuracy) while also providing qualitative benefits such as interpretability and modularity.
Dutch Images of Indigenous Sami Religion. Jan Luyken's Illustrations of Lapland
Year: 2015

In 1682, the Dutch artist Jan Luyken (1649 1712) made a novel set of copper engravings to illustrate the book Lapland (1682) The book was a Dutch translation of Lapponia (1673) the first scientific monograph about Sami culture and written by the Swedish German scholar Johannes Schefferus at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Its original illustrations were woodcuts based on drawings by the author. According to the commission from the Swedish authorities, the book should enlighten Europeans about Sami culture by using unbiased information, and thus refute misunderstandings that had occurred among many Europeans labouring under the false belief that Swedish military success was due to Sami witchcraft. The illustrations in Lapland differ from those in Lapponia in several ways, for instance regarding composition, number of figures and choice of subject matter. Two illustrations of indigenous Sami religion in Lapland are focused on, and the discussion relates them to the accompanying text and to illustrations in Lapponia. The questions asked are to what extent the illustrations play a part in the construction of meaning in Lapland; to what extent do they contribute to othering processes; and what role do the background figures in the illustrations have, i.e. do they have important functions or are they purely decorative? The discussions reveal that the illustrations play a part in the construction of meaning in several ways, for instance by playing a role in the negotiation of meaning in a semantic space between word and image. They contribute to othering processes by implicit references to ideas of witchcraft and by displaying differences in gesture between Sami and Europeans. The background figures are more than purely decorative because they play a role in the narrative of the illustrations.
Multiresolution and Multimodality Sar Data Fusion Based on Markov and Conditional Random Fields for Unsupervised Change Detection
Venue: IGARSS 2019 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2019

Current satellite missions (e.g. COSMO SkyMed, Sentinel 1) collect single or multipolarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with multiple spatial resolutions and possibly short revisit times. The availability of heterogeneous data requires effective methods able to exploit all the available information. In the context of environmental monitoring and natural disaster recovery, this paper proposes an unsupervised change detection method able to properly fuse and exploit multiresolution and multimodality SAR data. The data fusion process is based on the estimation of the virtual images that would have been collected in case all the sensors worked at the same spatial resolution and on the definition of a probabilistic model based on generalized Gaussian distributions and Gram Charlier approximations. The detection of changes is addressed in a probabilistic graphical framework through a novel conditional random field, by defining an energy function that is minimized through graph cuts or belief propagation methods.
Multi View Multi Label Learning With Sparse Feature Selection for Image Annotation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Year: 2020

In image analysis, image samples are always represented by multiple view features and associated with multiple class labels for better interpretation. However, multiple view data may include noisy, irrelevant and redundant features, while multiple class labels can be noisy and incomplete. Due to the special data characteristic, it is hard to perform feature selection on multi view multi label data. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel multi view multi label sparse feature selection (MSFS) method, which exploits both view relations and label correlations to select discriminative features for further learning. Specifically, the multi labeled information is decomposed into a reduced latent label representation to capture higher level concepts and correlations among multiple labels. Multiple local geometric structures are constructed to exploit visual similarities and relations for different views. By taking full advantage of the latent label representation and multiple local geometric structures, the sparse regression model with an <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$l_{2,1}/tex math>/inline formula> norm and an Frobenius norm <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$F$/tex math>/inline formula> norm) penalty terms is utilized to perform hierarchical feature selection, where the <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$F$/tex math>/inline formula> norm penalty performs high level (i.e. view wise) feature selection to preserve the informative views and the <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$l_{2,1}/tex math>/inline formula> norm penalty conducts low level (i.e. row wise) feature selection to remove noisy features. To solve the proposed formulation, we also devise a simple yet efficient iterative algorithm. Experiments and comparisons on real world image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of MSFS.
Growth and Firm Size Distribution: An Empirical Study of Listed E Commerce Companies in China
Venue: J. Electron. Commer. Organ.
Year: 2016

Studies on the firm's size distribution FSD can set a good foundation to know about the growth path and mechanism of e commerce firms. The purpose of this paper is to understand features of the China's listed e commerce firms by testing Gibrat's law and Zipf's law within the Internet sectors. From a macroscopic perspective, with the approach of OLS estimation, Zipf's coefficient of the FSD is calculated to test whether Zipf's law holds. From a microscopic perspective, the relationship between e commerce firm size and growth is explored by quantile regression method. The results indicate that from 2005 to 2014, Zipf's law cannot be rejected, with the relationship changing over time, Gibrat's law holds partly. It implies that competition status among China's e commerce firms becomes more stable.
Looking Inside the (Drop) Box
Venue: WOOT
Year: 2013

Dropbox is a cloud based file storage service used by more than 100 million users. In spite of its widespread popularity, we believe that Dropbox as a platform hasn't been analyzed extensively enough from a security standpoint. Also, the previous work on the security analysis of Dropbox has been heavily censored. Moreover, the existing Python bytecode reversing techniques are not enough for reversing hardened applications like Dropbox. This paper presents new and generic techniques, to reverse engineer frozen Python applications, which are not limited to just the Dropbox world. We describe a method to bypass Dropbox's two factor authentication and hijack Dropbox accounts. Additionally, generic techniques to intercept SSL data using code injection techniques and monkey patching are presented. We believe that our biggest contribution is to open up the Dropbox platform to further security analysis and research. Dropbox will should no longer be a black box. Finally, we describe the design and implementation of an open source version of Dropbox client (and yes, it runs on ARM too)
Promoting integrated mental health care through an accelerated online post graduate PMHNP program
Year: 2015

Murray et al. (2012) Disability adjusted life years (DALYS) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 15(380) 197 223. Mental and Physical Health Problems are Interwoven Upwards of 20% of primary care visits1 Persons with severe mental health problems are highly likely to have complicated medical problems.2 Having depression or schizophrenia increases the risk of premature death by 40 60%.2
Interplay of antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease
Year: 2019

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in oxidative stress, leading to damage of tissue via many cellular molecular pathways. ROS can result in damage of principal cellular components of the cell such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which then cause cell death via different modes of necrosis or apoptosis. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the redox status in our body. This is maintained by balance in the production of free radicals and antioxidants. Oxidative stress is the main phenomena which occur in progression of many diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers etc. Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disease and is common form of dementia in elderly people. The etiology of this disease is multifactorial; pathologically it is accompanied with accumulation of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles. Accumulation of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction leads to oxidative stress. There is natural antioxidant defence system in our body which helps us to prevent us from various diseases via different mechanisms. Antioxidants are believed to act against the detrimental effects of ROS and thereby preventing or treating oxidative stress related diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. It controls the basal and induced expression of antioxidant response element dependent genes. The current review examined the extensive role of oxidative stress in AD. Further investigation into the role that oxidative stress mechanisms seem to play in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease may lead to novel clinical interventions.
Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature
Venue: Journal of pediatric endocrinology metabolism JPEM
Year: 2019

Short/branched chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism with uncertain clinical significance. As it leads to C5 carnitine (i.e. isovalerylcarnitine, 2methylbutyrilcarnitine, or pivaloylcarnitine) elevation, SBCAD deficiency is detectable at newborn screening, requiring differential diagnosis from isovaleric acidemia and pivalic acid administration. Increased urinary excretion of 2 methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) is the hallmark of SBCAD deficiency.  We report two cases of SBCAD deficiency and provide a review of the available literature on this condition.  Two siblings newly diagnosed with SBCAD deficiency are reported. Newborn screening allowed the early diagnosis in the second born (C5=0.5 mmol/L, normal 0.05 0.3 mmol/L) and addressed selective screening in the 5 year asymptomatic brother (C5=1.9 mmol/L) Both patients showed increased urinary excretion of 2MBG and two mutations in the ACADSB gene (c.443C>T/c.1145C>T) Currently, both the patients are asymptomatic. Longitudinal biochemical monitoring of the two patients while on treatment with carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) was provided. Based on our experience and the literature review (162 patients) SBCAD deficiency is symptomatic in about 10% of reported patients. Clinical onset occurs in newborns or later in life with seizures, developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive. On longitudinal follow up, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, and autism can develop. Acute metabolic decompensation due to catabolic stressors can occur, as observed in one newly reported patient. Fifteen mutations in the ACADSB gene are known, including the newly identified variant c.1145C>T (p.Thr382Met) variably associated to the phenotype. In the Hmong population, SBCAD deficiency is highly prevalent, mostly due to the founder mutation c.1165A>G, and is largely asymptomatic.  Although mostly asymptomatic, considering SBCAD deficiency as a non disease in non Hmong subjects appears unsafe. Catabolic situations can precipitate acute metabolic decompensation. Carnitine supplementation and valproate avoidance appear to be indicated. Providing an emergency protocol for the management of acute catabolic episodes seems reasonable in asymptomatic patients with SBCAD deficiency. Longitudinal follow up is recommended.