nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reluctant Peacekeeper: France and the Use of Force in Peace Operations
Year: 2014

The French doctrine towards peace operations has, over the last two decades, reflected the ambivalence of France's position, stretched between on the one hand a military culture that places the use of force at the centre of strategy and on the other hand multidimensional operations that by their nature integrate a large range of activities. As a consequence France has evolved as a 'reluctant peacekeeper' while it has been significantly involved in peace operations since the end of the Cold War, the military has never felt comfortable with the peacekeeping concept, seen as a dilution of their primary function of fighting wars. This tension has shaped both doctrinal development and operations. Twenty years after the French engagement in former Yugoslavia, lessons have been learnt, and policy makers have become aware of the evolution of conflict management and the subsequent necessity to integrate the military dimension into a broader framework. Yet France's policy is still shaped by a certain aversion towards the concept of long term multinational peace operations, and a parallel preference for more focused and reactive operations. The merits of the use of force are central to these debates. While these policy preferences are responses to legitimate concerns about both the efficiency of foreign interventions and the soldier's identity, they also raise questions as to their compatibility with the long term and multidimensional requirements of bringing sustainable peace in fragile states.
An Approximation Algorithm for a Task Allocation, Sequencing and Scheduling Problem Involving a Human Robot Team
Venue: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters
Year: 2020

This article presents an approximation algorithm for a Task Allocation, Sequencing and Scheduling Problem (TASSP) involving a team of human operators and robots. The robots have to travel to a given set of targets and collaboratively work on the tasks at the targets with the human operators. The problem aims to find a sequence of targets for each robot to visit and schedule the tasks at the targets with the human operators such that each target is visited exactly once by some robot, the scheduling constraints are satisfied and the maximum mission time of any robot is minimum. This problem is a generalization of the single Traveling Salesman Problem and is NP Hard. Given <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$k$/tex math>/inline formula> robots and <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$m$/tex math>/inline formula> human operators, an algorithm is developed for solving the TASSP with an approximation ratio equal to <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"\frac{5}{2} \frac{1}{k}/tex math>/inline formula> when <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"$m\geq k$/tex math>/inline formula> and equal to <inline formula><tex math notation="LaTeX"\frac{7}{2} \frac{1}{k}/tex math>/inline formula> otherwise. Computational results are also presented to corroborate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Premediating a Narrative of Growth: BTS, Digital Media, and Fan Culture
Year: 2020

This article explores the landscape of fan engagements with BTS, the South Korean idol group. It offers a new approach to studying digital participation in fan culture. Digital fan based activity is singled out as BTS's peculiarity in K pop's history. Grusin's discussion of 'premediation' is used to describe an autopoietic system for the construction of futuristic reality through online communication between BTS and ARMY, as the fans are called. As such, the BTS's live performance is experienced through ARMY's premediation, imaging new identities of ARMY as well as BTS. The way that fans engage digitally with BTS's live performance is motivated by a narrative of growth of BTS with and for ARMY. As an agent of BTS's success, ARMY is crucial in driving new economic trajectories for performative products and their audiences, radically intervening in the shape and scope of BTS's contribution to a global market economy. Hunshik Ju graduated with Doctor of Korean Literature from Sogang University in South Korea. He is currently a full time lecturer at the department of Korean Literature and Language, Sungkyul University.
ABCNet: Real Time Scene Text Spotting With Adaptive Bezier Curve Network
Venue: 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Year: 2020

Scene text detection and recognition has received increasing research attention. Existing methods can be roughly categorized into two groups: character based and segmentation based. These methods either are costly for character annotation or need to maintain a complex pipeline, which is often not suitable for real time applications. Here we address the problem by proposing the Adaptive Bezier Curve Network \BeCan) Our contributions are three fold: 1) For the first time, we adaptively fit oriented or curved text by a parameterized Bezier curve. 2) We design a novel BezierAlign layer for extracting accurate convolution features of a text instance with arbitrary shapes, significantly improving the precision compared with previous methods. 3) Compared with standard bounding box detection, our Bezier curve detection introduces negligible computation overhead, resulting in superiority of our method in both efficiency and accuracy. Experiments on oriented or curved benchmark datasets, namely Total Text and CTW1500, demonstrate that \BeCan achieves state of the art accuracy, meanwhile significantly improving the speed. In particular, on Total Text, our real time version is over 10 times faster than recent state of the art methods with a competitive recognition accuracy. Code is available at \url{https:/git.io/AdelaiDet}
Chatbots: changing user needs and motivations
Venue: Interactions
Year: 2018

chatbot applications suggest that conversational user interfaces still face substantial challenges, generally speaking, as well as for the field of human computer interaction (HCI) Chatbots imply not only a change in the interface between users and technology; they also imply changing user dynamics and patterns of use. We have previously outlined the potential implications and opportunities that chatbots hold for the field of HCI  In this article, we dig into what we see as a key challenge with chatbots from a user centered perspective. Chatbots have been around for decades. However, the real buzz around this technology did not start until the spring of 2016. Reasons for the sudden renewed interest in chatbots include massive advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and a major usage shift from online social networks to mobile messaging applications such as Facebook Messenger, Telegram, Slack, Kik, and Viber. The first of these reasons holds promise that intelligent chatbots may well be within reach. The second concerns service providers' need to reach users in the context of mobile messaging. However, C Insights Chatbot initiatives often aim for poor use cases, ignoring user needs and user experiences. The potential unpredictable variation in user input and what constitutes a valid chatbot response are big challenges for HCI. The expansion in chatbot use is revealing new user needs and motivations.  Changing User Needs and Motivations Petter Bae Brandtzaeg and Asbjorn Folstad, SINTEF, Norway
Curriculum Learning for Motor Skills
Venue: Canadian Conference on AI
Year: 2012

Humans and animals acquire their wide repertoire of motor skills through an incremental learning process, during which progressively more complex skills are acquired and subsequently integrated with prior abilities. Inspired by this general idea, we develop an approach for learning motor skills based on a two level curriculum. At the high level, the curriculum specifies an order in which different skills should be learned. At the low level, the curriculum defines a process for learning within a skill. We develop a set of integrated motor skills for a planar articulated figure capable of doing parameterized hops, flips, rolls, and acrobatic sequences. The same curriculum can be applied to yield individualized motor skill sets for articulated figures of varying proportions.
Multimodal Grounding for Language Processing
Venue: COLING
Year: 2018

This survey discusses how recent developments in multimodal processing facilitate conceptual grounding of language. We categorize the information flow in multimodal processing with respect to cognitive models of human information processing and analyze different methods for combining multimodal representations. Based on this methodological inventory, we discuss the benefit of multimodal grounding for a variety of language processing tasks and the challenges that arise. We particularly focus on multimodal grounding of verbs which play a crucial role for the compositional power of language.
Improving Students' English Speaking Proficiency in Saudi Public Schools.
Year: 2015

In English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts, the absence of authentic language learning situations outside the classroom presents a significant challenge to improving students' English communication skills. Specific obstacles in the learning environment can also result in students' limited use of English inside the classroom. These issues ultimately affect students' English speaking capacity. Focusing on the Saudi EFL context, this paper attempted to identify the causes of Saudi students' low proficiency in English communication and provide some recommendations to address these issues. The most significant findings of the paper were: (1) reforming specific Ministry of Education and Higher Education policies in Saudi Arabia is crucial; (2) the Saudi education system should reinforce the use of contemporary approaches to teaching that emphasise problem solving and critical thinking skills and put students in charge of their own learning; and (3) the ministry should consider converting some Saudi public schools into bilingual schools.
Ji Yu ASP.net+Sql ServerDe Jian Xiu Ri Bao Sheng Chan Jing Ying Ri Bao Shu Ju Ku Guan Li Xi Tong De She Ji Yu Shi Xian
Year: 2015

She Ji Bing Shi Xian Liao Yi Chong Guan Li Qi Ye Ri Chang Jian Xiu He Sheng Chan Jing Ying Qing Kuang De Shu Ju Ku Guan Li Xi Tong Gai Xi Tong Cai Yong ASP.netJi Zhu Kai Fa Qian Tai ,Shi Yong Sql Server Kai Fa Hou Tai Shu Ju Ku ,Shi Xian Liao Qi Ye Ri Chang Jian Xiu He Sheng Chan Jing Ying De Guan Li ,Xin Xi De Cha Xun Deng Duo Xiang Gong Neng Xi Tong Ju You You Hao De Jie Mian ,Ji Yu WebYun Xing Shen Ru Fen Xi Yan Jiu Liao Gai Xi Tong De Jie Gou He Gong Neng Bing Dui Kai Fa Guo Cheng Zhong De Ju Ti Wen Ti He Jing Yan Jin Xing Liao Zong Jie
Regeneration of cortical tissue from brain injury by implantation of defined molecular gradient of semaphorin 3A.
Venue: Biomaterials
Year: 2018

Despite great efforts in the exploration of therapeutic strategies for treating brain injuries, it is still challenging to regenerate neural tissues and to restore the lost function within an injured brain. In this report, we employed a tissue engineering approach to regenerate cortical tissue from brain injury by implantation of defined semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) gradient packaged in a hydrogel based device. Over a thirty day recovery period, the implanted Sema3A gradient was sufficient to induce substantial migration of neural progenitor cells to the hydrogel and to promote differentiation of these cells for neuroregeneration at the injury site. As revealed by molecular characterization and RNA transcriptome analysis, the regenerated tissues induced by Sema3A gradient exhibited significant similarity to normal cortical tissues. Many genes associated with neuronal migration and stem cell differentiation were significantly up regulated. In addition, our result suggested a crosstalk between Sema3A and Wnt/b catenin pathways in course of induced brain regeneration. This study demonstrated an innovative strategy to regenerate brain tissue after traumatic injury by controlling the in vivo chemotactic environment with unprecedented sophistication, and also resolved new insights about Sema3A's role in adult neurogenesis.
Evaluating an English Elite Program in Taiwan Using the CIPP Model
Venue: The Journal of AsiaTEFL
Year: 2019

To promote English language learning, universities in Taiwan have been setting up traditional and online English language self study centers. English honors or elite programs are also being established to offer advanced training of the English language to students. A private university in northern Taiwan established the English Elite Program in 2008, providing courses in three different sections through traditional and distance learning modes. The distance learning courses aim to reduce students' difficulties with conflicting schedules between the courses in their own departments and the program courses. In this study, the researchers evaluate the Elite Program using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. Data were collected from program documents, questionnaires, classroom observations, graduates' academic scores, and interviews of the instructors and graduates who received the program certificate. This study is helpful for program designers, teachers, students, and university administrators of this type of program and other similar foreign language programs. This study also provides useful recommendations for universities planning to establish a similar program, particularly with the inclusion of distance learning courses.
Photon Probe An Optical Fiber Time Domain
Year: 2017

Messessity Piye, Photon Probe: An Optical Fiber Time Domain Reflecto pean, s mer, Personick, Bell Systems Technical Journal, Vol. 56,  Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 3, Mar. 1977, 56:355. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Theory of Backscattering Effects in Waveguides, Kapron, F. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. R. Maurer M. Teter, Applied Optics, vol. 11, No. 6, Jun. 1972, 1352 1356. New OTDR Testing Techniques for Cable and Fiber Pro (21)  Environments, A. Lara. http:/www.exfo.com.
Real World Research
Year: 2011

Real world research is a common responsibility of professionals and practitioners in a wide range of both public and private settings. These include teachers, social workers and health service professionals, managers and specialists in business, architects, designers, criminologists and accountants among many others. Real World Research provides a clear route map of the various steps needed to carry out a piece of applied research to a high professional standard. It is accessible to those without a social science background while providing rigorous and fully up to date coverage of contemporary issues and debates. It brings together materials and approaches from different social science disciplines, seeing value in both quantitative and qualitative approaches, as well as their combination in mixed method designs.
Tax Knowledge Diffusion via Strategic Alliances
Year: 2019

We utilize the characteristics of tax knowledge, knowledge diffusion processes, and strategic alliances' institutionalization to examine whether strategic alliances serve as channels for tax knowledge diffusion between firms. We empirically identify tax knowledge diffusion via strategic alliances by documenting economically meaningful decreases in cash effective tax rates of high tax firms in strategic alliances with low tax firms relative to high tax firms in strategic alliances with other high tax firms. We identify dynamic treatment effects and find that elapsed time is an important facilitating mechanism of tax knowledge diffusion. Furthermore, we show that geographical proximity, identical industry affiliation, and shared audit firm serve as substitutes rather than as complements for strategic alliances to low tax firms. Finally, we triangulate our findings to effects on the textual sentiment of 10 K filings and the disclosure of tax haven operations. Overall, our results provide robust evidence for tax knowledge diffusion via strategic alliances.
Accuracy loss due to selection bias in cohort studies with left truncation.
Venue: Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
Year: 2013

Selection is a common problem in paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, and truncation can be thought of as missing person time that can result in selection bias. Left truncation, also known as late or staggered entry, may induce selection bias and/or adversely affect precision. There are two kinds of left truncation: fixed left truncation where the start of follow up is initiated at a set time, and variable left truncation where follow up begins at a stochastically varying time point.  Using data from a time to pregnancy study, augmented by a simulation study, we demonstrate the effects of fixed and variable truncation on estimates of the hazard ratio.  First, fixed or variable non differential left truncation results in a loss of precision. Fixed or variable differential left truncation results in a bias either towards or away from the null as well as a loss of precision. The extent and direction of this bias is a function of the size and direction of the association between exposure and outcome, and occurs in common scenarios and under a wide range of conditions.  As demonstrated in simulation studies, selection bias due to left truncation could have a serious impact on inferences, especially in the case of fixed or variable differential left truncation. When present in epidemiologic studies, proper accounting for left truncation is just as important as proper accounting for right censoring.
The Role of Cognitions and Beliefs in Trichotillomania: A Qualitative Study Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Venue: Behaviour Change
Year: 2015

Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterised by the removal of one's hair, causing hair loss. Phenomenological research on TTM has investigated its associated behavioural and affective factors. Few studies have investigated the possible role of cognitions and beliefs, despite emerging support for cognitive therapies in treating this disorder. This study aimed to explore and describe the cognitions and beliefs that contribute to the onset and maintenance of hairpulling in TTM. Eight women with TTM participated in semi structured, in depth interviews to explore their experience of cognitions and beliefs before, during and after typical hairpulling episodes. Interviews were analysed using the qualitative method of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Six superordinate themes of beliefs were identified as important: negative self beliefs, control beliefs, beliefs about coping, beliefs about negative emotions, permission giving beliefs, and perfectionism. These preliminary findings suggest that cognitions may play an important role in TTM phenomenology. Future quantitative research on the role of cognitions and beliefs in TTM in larger samples has the potential to advance cognitive behavioural models and treatments of this poorly understood disorder.
Theory infused and policy relevant: On the usefulness of scenario analysis for international relations
Year: 2020

Foresight exercises are increasingly popular among different actors across the globe. Particularly in the context of uncertainties in world affairs, decision makers are increasingly relying on forward reasoning to inform their policy. Yet international relations (IR) scholarship is still hesitant to adopt a scenario based approach. We argue for the use of scenario analysis as a complementary method that is both disciplined and creative. Through scenario analysis, IR scholars simultaneously remain rigorous and provide policy relevant input that grasps the dynamics of unpredictability of real world issues. The article discusses the Multiple Scenario Generation method as an unconventional but useful tool, elaborates on its theoretical considerations and concludes with four innovations that scenario analysis can provide for IR scholarship.
Enabling Hierarchical Exploration for Large Scale Multidimensional Data with Abstract Parallel Coordinates
Venue: EDBT/ICDT Workshops
Year: 2018

As data collection grows more common in various domains, there is a call for adapted or newer methods of visualization to tackle magnitudes exceeding the number of available pixels on screens and challenging interactivity. Exploratory visualization of large data present two major challenges: perceptual scalability and processing scalability. The first is concerned with overcoming the fundamental limitation of screens and human perception. The second deals with efficiently processing large volumes of data to achieve responsive interactions. Multiscale visualizations are an effective technique for solving the first challenge that builds on several levels of data abstraction to provide the user with an initial overview and subsequent incremental detail. The focus of this paper is on multidimensional data, a ubiquitous form of data among large scale data sets, and parallel coordinates, a representation largely used for this type of data. For this representation defining abstractions and interactively generating levels is not straightforward. Building upon several previous aggregated parallel coordinates representations, we propose a unifying and thinking model for conceiving and describing multiscale parallel coordinates and their interactions. Using this formalism, we present a focus+context representation which bounds the number of visual items with a fixed resolution parameter while supporting exploration up to the item level. Processing scala bility is addressed by carrying out computation in a distributed manner on a remote data intensive infrastructure. Bounding the visual items ensures perceptual scalability but also bounds the data transfer between this infrastructure and the rendering client.
When Sensor Cloud Meets Mobile Edge Computing
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2019

Sensor clouds are a combination of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and cloud computing. The emergence of sensor clouds has greatly enhanced the computing power and storage capacity of traditional WSNs via exploiting the advantages of cloud computing in resource utilization. However, there are still many problems to be solved in sensor clouds, such as the limitations of WSNs in terms of communication and energy, the high latency, and the security and privacy issues due to applying a cloud platform as the data processing and control center. In recent years, mobile edge computing has received increasing attention from industry and academia. The core of mobile edge computing is to migrate some or all of the computing tasks of the original cloud computing center to the vicinity of the data source, which gives mobile edge computing great potential in solving the shortcomings of sensor clouds. In this paper, the latest research status of sensor clouds is briefly analyzed and the characteristics of the existing sensor clouds are summarized. After that we discuss the issues of sensor clouds and propose some applications, especially a trust evaluation mechanism and trustworthy data collection which use mobile edge computing to solve the problems in sensor clouds. Finally, we discuss research challenges and future research directions in leveraging mobile edge computing for sensor clouds.