nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Initiatives in the Fashion Industry
Year: 2019

A heightened awareness toward the fashion industry's environmental impact has emerged in recent years, stirred by mounting evidence of intensified global clothing consumption and driven by the increased accessibility and affordability of clothing. In the last 3 years, the release of several comprehensive reports years detailing the extent of the fashion industry's environmental impact, as well as the founding of several fashion industry targeted sustainability campaigns (e.g. the "2020 Commitment" of the Global Fashion Agenda) has not only helped draw a great deal of attention to the issues but has also triggered an evident wave of intention toward a concrete, quantifiable action. With the abundance of information surrounding the subject of sustainability in the fashion industry, this chapter intends to provide an overview of (1) the most concerning environmental impacts caused by the fashion industry, (2) current leading collective sustainability campaigns mobilizing the fashion industry, (3) current available benchmarks and tools for measuring environmental impact of the textile life cycle, and (4) examples of how companies in the fashion industry are executing sustainability initiatives in their products or processes. Finally, the chapter will conclude with some of the current challenges and future opportunities in sustainability confronting the fashion industry.
Short term electricity trading for system balancing: An empirical analysis of the role of intraday trading in balancing Germany's electricity system
Venue: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Year: 2019

Previous studies have noted that, unexpectedly, Germany's dramatic expansion of wind and solar energy coincided with a reduction of short term balancing reserves. This observation has been dubbed the "German Balancing Paradox" This paper provides further and updated evidence: since 2011, wind and solar energy have nearly doubled while both reserve requirements and reserve use have declined by 50% The paper quantitatively explores one reason for reduced balancing needs: increased and improved short term wholesale electricity trading on the intraday market. Trading is now commonly done around the clock and based on quarter hour, rather than full hour, contracts. The shift to quarter hourly products alone explains a decrease in balancing energy by 17% There is also strong evidence that market parties respond efficiently to imbalance charges, suggesting that incentive based approaches to electricity balancing work.
Big Ideas from Little People: What Research with Children Contributes to Social Psychology
Year: 2020

Beginning in the 1970s, research in childhood studies led to the reevaluation of children's agency and their contributions to society. In my work on children's interactions with peers and adults in schools and families, I challenged traditional views of socialization offering the alternative view of interpretive reproduction and associated concepts of peer culture and priming events. I review the development of these concepts and the importance of longitudinal comparative ethnography and audiovisual recording for capturing how research with children contributes both to rigorous reexamination of socialization theory and the field of social psychology more generally. In particular, I focus on the expansion of two theoretical concepts in my work related to the general notion of interpretive reproduction: (1) nonlinear and collective reproductive versus linear stage views of socialization and human development and (2) micro dramas in collective routines in peer culture. In the review of my methods and theory and in the expansion of my theoretical concepts, I continually raise issues regarding reexamination of Mead's play and game stage and for the need to radically alter or even abandon the traditional concept of socialization.
Parsimony versus Reductionism: How Can Crowd Psychology be Introduced into Computer Simulation?
Year: 2017

Computer simulations are increasingly being used to monitor and predict the movement behavior of crowds. This can enhance crowd safety at large events and transport hubs, and increase efficiency such as capacity utilization in public transport systems. However, the models used are mainly based on video observations, not an understanding of human decision making. Theories of crowd psychology can elucidate the factors underpinning collective behavior in human crowds. Yet, in contrast to psychology, computer science must rely upon mathematical formulations in order to implement algorithms and keep models manageable. Here, we address the problems and possible solutions encountered when incorporating social psychological theories of collective behavior in computer modeling. We identify that one primary issue is retaining parsimony in a model while avoiding reductionism by excluding necessary aspects of crowd psychology, such as the behavior of groups. We propose cognitive heuristics as a potential avenue to create a parsimonious model that incorporates core concepts of collective behavior derived from empirical research in crowd psychology.
Linear algebraic depth first search
Venue: ARRAY@PLDI
Year: 2019

There is a recent push by a segment of the graph community to implement graph algorithms in the language of linear algebra. However, graph algorithms that depend on depth first search (DFS) techniques are often highlighted as limitations of the linear algebraic approach as linear algebraic formulation of DFS algorithms are few, if any. This paper provides a linear algebraic approach for developing DFS graph algorithms and demonstrates its use for defining three classical DFS based computations: Binary tree traversal, topological sort, and biconnected components.
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSET, EARNING PER SHARE, DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM SYARIAH PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) PERIODE 2011 2016
Year: 2018

Saham syariah merupakan salah satu instrumen keuangan di pasar modal yang kegiatannya tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip prinsip syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari return on asset, earning per share,dan debt to equity ratio terhadap harga saham syariah pada perusahaan di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan data panel. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah software Eviews 8.0. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Sedangkan sampel penelitian yaitu 10 perusahaan di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) yang memenuhi kriteria purposive sampling. Periode penelitian ini selama kurun waktu 6 tahun dari tahun 2011 1016. Hasil analisis berdasarkan model estimasi terbaik yaitu menggunakan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) menunjukkan bahwa dari return on asset, earning per share, debt to equity ratio, berpengaruh secara simultan dan signifikan terhadap harga saham syariah di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Serta secara parsial variabel independen return on asset tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan earning per share dan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham syariah pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode 2011 2016.
Student Perspectives on Remote Learning in a Large Organic Chemistry Lecture Course
Year: 2020

This study details the efforts taken in remotely teaching a large organic chemistry lecture course in the midst of the recent COVID 19 pandemic. The course lectures were taught synchronously via Zoom and student feedback was gathered regarding effective teaching strategies and assessment tools in a remote course setting. The precourse and midcourse surveys also provided insight into challenges and time commitment issues that students are facing when learning in this new situation. We highlight the instructor's experience combined with student perspectives to tackle this situation moving forward. We hope that this work can assist faculty in remotely teaching their chemistry courses, and contribute to the information that is being collected globally regarding remote learning in light of the recent events.
Enumerating the economic cost of antimicrobial resistance per antibiotic consumed to inform the evaluation of interventions affecting their use
Venue: Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control
Year: 2018

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a colossal threat to global health and incurs high economic costs to society. Economic evaluations of antimicrobials and interventions such as diagnostics and vaccines that affect their consumption rarely include the costs of AMR, resulting in sub optimal policy recommendations. We estimate the economic cost of AMR per antibiotic consumed, stratified by drug class and national income level.MethodsThe model is comprised of three components: correlation coefficients between human antibiotic consumption and subsequent resistance; the economic costs of AMR for five key pathogens; and consumption data for antibiotic classes driving resistance in these organisms. These were used to calculate the economic cost of AMR per antibiotic consumed for different drug classes, using data from Thailand and the United States (US) to represent low/middle and high income countries.ResultsThe correlation coefficients between consumption of antibiotics that drive resistance in S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, and P. aeruginosa and resistance rates were 0.37, 0.27, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.52, respectively. The total economic cost of AMR due to resistance in these five pathogens was $0.5 billion and $2.9 billion in Thailand and the US, respectively. The cost of AMR associated with the consumption of one standard unit (SU) of antibiotics ranged from $0.1 for macrolides to $0.7 for quinolones, cephalosporins and broad spectrum penicillins in the Thai context. In the US context, the cost of AMR per SU of antibiotic consumed ranged from $0.1 for carbapenems to $0.6 for quinolones, cephalosporins and broad spectrum penicillins.ConclusionThe economic costs of AMR per antibiotic consumed were considerable, often exceeding their purchase cost. Differences between Thailand and the US were apparent, corresponding with variation in the overall burden of AMR and relative prevalence of different pathogens. Notwithstanding their limitations, use of these estimates in economic evaluations can make better informed policy recommendations regarding interventions that affect antimicrobial consumption and those aimed specifically at reducing the burden of AMR.
EFFICACY OF AL LYMPHATIC D AGE IN PREVENTING SECONDARY LYMPHEDEMA AFTER BREAST CANCER SURGERY
Year: 2013

This study evaluated the effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainoge (MLD) in the prevention of secondary lymphedema after treatment of breast cancer. The study consisted of 67 women, who underwent breast surgery for primary breast cancer. From the second day of surgery, 33 randomly chosen women were given MLD. The control group consisted of 34 women who did not receive MLD. Measurements of the volumes of both the arms were taken before surgery and on days 2, 7, 14, and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. At 6 months after breast cancer surgery, among the women who did not undergo MLD, a significant increase in the arm volume on the operated side was observed (p=0.0033) when compared with the arm volume before surgery. At this time, there was no statistically significant increase in the volume of the upper limb on the operated side in women who underwent MLD. This study demonstrates that regardless of the surgery type and the number of the lymph nodes removed, MLD effectively prevented lymphedema of the arm on the operated side. Even in high risk breast cancer treatments (operation plus irradiation) MLD was demonstrated to be effective against arm volume increase. Even though confirmatory studies are needed, this study demonstrates that MW administered early after operation for breast cancer should be considered for the prevention of lymphedema.
Construction of Cryptographic S Boxes Based on Mobius Transformation and Chaotic Tent Sine System
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

Over the last few decades, different mediums of secure communication use chaos which is demonstrated by some nonlinear dynamical systems. Chaos shows unpredictable behavior and this characteristic is quite helpful in different encryption techniques and for multimedia security. In this work, the chaotic behavior of the improved Tent Sine map is conferred and ultimately a new method to construct substitution boxes is proposed. This new method explores the features of chaos through TSS map and algebraic Mobius transformation to generate strong S boxes. The S boxes are assessed using standard tests suit which includes nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, linear approximation probability and differential uniformity. Moreover, the proposed S boxes show excellent statistical properties under majority logic criterions such as correlation, homogeneity, energy, entropy, contrast. The statistical encryption results are demonstrate the better performance of the proposed S boxes when compared with some of state of the art S boxes including AES, Gray, APA S8 AES, Skipjack and validate the suitability of anticipated method.
Vyuziti nastroju business intelligence v rozpoctovani na bazi activity based budgeting (na prikladu konkretni spolecnosti)
Year: 2018

Tato diplomova prace je zamerena na vyvoj databazoveho systemu pro spravu alokacniho modelu na bazi activity based technik a tvorbu navazneho reportingu ve vybranem nastroji business intelligence. Hlavnim cilem prace je predstavit a posoudit vyuzitelnost nastroju business intelligence v modelech zalozenych na prirazovani nakladu aktivitam, a to na prikladu realneho projektu v konkretni spolecnosti. Teoreticka cast prace se zabyva oblastmi business intelligence a manazerskeho ucetnictvi se zamerenim na kalkulace a activity based techniky. V prakticke casti je zpracovan projekt vyvinuti databazoveho systemu a navazneho reportingu v nastroji business intelligence. V zaveru je zhodnocena vyuzitelnost daneho reseni.
Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians.
Venue: JAMA
Year: 2009

Primary care physicians report high levels of distress, which is linked to burnout, attrition, and poorer quality of care. Programs to reduce burnout before it results in impairment are rare; data on these programs are scarce.  To determine whether an intensive educational program in mindfulness, communication, and self awareness is associated with improvement in primary care physicians' well being, psychological distress, burnout, and capacity for relating to patients.  Before and after study of 70 primary care physicians in Rochester, New York, in a continuing medical education (CME) course in 2007 2008. The course included mindfulness meditation, self awareness exercises, narratives about meaningful clinical experiences, appreciative interviews, didactic material, and discussion. An 8 week intensive phase (2.5 h/wk, 7 hour retreat) was followed by a 10 month maintenance phase (2.5 h/mo) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mindfulness (2 subscales) burnout (3 subscales) empathy (3 subscales) psychosocial orientation, personality (5 factors) and mood (6 subscales) measured at baseline and at 2, 12, and 15 months.  Over the course of the program and follow up, participants demonstrated improvements in mindfulness (raw score, 45.2 to 54.1; raw score change [Delta] 8.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.0 to 10.8) burnout (emotional exhaustion, 26.8 to 20.0; Delta 6.8; 95% CI, 4.8 to 8.8; depersonalization, 8.4 to 5.9; Delta 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6; and personal accomplishment, 40.2 to 42.6; Delta 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.6) empathy (116.6 to 121.2; Delta 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2 to 7.0) physician belief scale (76.7 to 72.6; Delta 4.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.4) total mood disturbance (33.2 to 16.1; Delta 17.1; 95% CI, 11 to 23.2) and personality (conscientiousness, 6.5 to 6.8; Delta 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 5 and emotional stability, 6.1 to 6.6; Delta 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.7) Improvements in mindfulness were correlated with improvements in total mood disturbance (r 0.39, P .001) perspective taking subscale of physician empathy (r 0.31, P .001) burnout (emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment subscales, r 0.32 and 0.33, respectively; P .001) and personality factors (conscientiousness and emotional stability, r 0.29 and 0.25, respectively; P .001)  Participation in a mindful communication program was associated with short term and sustained improvements in well being and attitudes associated with patient centered care. Because before and after designs limit inferences about intervention effects, these findings warrant randomized trials involving a variety of practicing physicians.
Job Creation and Job Destruction in EU Agriculture
Year: 2012

This is the first paper to study job creation and destruction in EU agriculture. We disaggregate gross employment patterns and net job flows into detailed intra sectoral labour adjustment dynamics based on a unique EU wide farm level panel dataset for 1990 2005. We find that: (1) job creation and destruction rates in EU agriculture are comparable to other sectors; (2) there is some evidence of ongoing substitution of family labour for hired labour (3) there are important differences in job creation and destruction rates between different Member States; (4) these differences can be attributed to structural differences across countries, sectors and farm types; (5) time variation of job reallocation fluctuates countercyclically; (6) idiosyncratic effects are the main driver of time variance in job reallocation.
Impact of Swell Drying Process on Water Activity and Drying Kinetics of Moroccan Pepper (Capsicum annum)
Year: 2015

The impacts of total hot air drying (THD) and the swell drying process (SD) which is hot air drying coupled with an instant controlled pressure drop DIC process, on the drying kinetics and adsorption isotherm behavior, were determined in the case of Moroccan peppers. Drying kinetics were studied through a model that takes into account the starting accessibility and the internal diffusion model with Fick's law. Adsorption experimental data were obtained by using the gravimetric method at 25, 40, and 50degC. Data were fitted to the GAB, Halsey, and Oswin models. Studied responses were: effective diffusivity (Deff) starting accessibility (dWs) monolayer moisture content (Xm) specific surface area (s) internal porosity and microstructure. Mean relative percentage deviation (E) and root mean square (RMS) were used to evaluate the fitting of models. Results showed that: pepper adsorption isotherms followed the type II isotherm curve;the equilibrium moisture content (Xeq) depended on the temperature and the drying method; the GAB and Halsey models fitted well the experimental data; at selected conditions of the DIC treatment (0.35 MPa and 5 s) the monolayer moisture content (Xm) the specific surface area (s) and the internal porosity values were higher than those of THD samples; the DIC process intensified the drying operation, by increasing the effective diffusivity and the starting accessibility. Although the DIC process improves the drying kinetics, this behavior could be ignored related to a higher aw. This study shows that, thanks to the new expanded structure obtained by the DIC process (higher porosity) the adsorption capacities of products are improved (aw is reduced) Thus, the SD process improves both the drying operation and the stability of dried pepper products.
Symbol Decision Successive Cancellation List Decoder for Polar Codes
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Year: 2016

Polar codes are of great interests because they provably achieve the symmetric capacity of discrete memoryless channels with arbitrary input alphabet sizes while having an explicit construction. Most existing decoding algorithms of polar codes are based on bit wise hard or soft decisions. In this paper, we propose symbol decision successive cancellation (SC) and successive cancellation list (SCL) decoders for polar codes, which use symbol wise hard or soft decisions for higher throughput or better error performance. First, we propose to use a recursive channel combination to calculate symbol wise channel transition probabilities, which lead to symbol decisions. Our proposed recursive channel combination has lower complexity than simply combining bit wise channel transition probabilities. The similarity between our proposed method and Arikan's channel transformations also helps to share hardware resources between calculating bit and symbol wise channel transition probabilities. Second, a two stage list pruning network is proposed to provide a trade off between the error performance and the complexity of the symbol decision SCL decoder. Third, since memory is a significant part of SCL decoders, we propose a pre computation memory saving technique to reduce memory requirement of an SCL decoder. Finally, to evaluate the throughput advantage of our symbol decision decoders, we design an architecture based on a semi parallel successive cancellation list decoder. In this architecture, different symbol sizes, sorting implementations, and message scheduling schemes are considered. Our synthesis results show that in terms of area efficiency, our symbol decision SCL decoders outperform existing bit decision and multi bit SCL decoders.
Justice at a Price: Regulation and Alienation in the Global Economy
Year: 2008

This article examines the normative principles that underlie efforts to regulate the global coffee market at different points in the global division of labor. I focus on three forms of regulation: local violence against coffee farmers in Honduras, fair trade consumerism, and international regulatory treaties. By comparing the local politics of Honduran coffee production to global forms of consumer activism, I bring contemporary debates about economic justice under a single analytic lens. I suggest that systematic changes in the relationship between states and nations have led alienated citizens to develop new forms of regulation outside the boundaries of the state, and that coffee frequently serves as a metaphor through which people come to terms with their place in the global economy. This metaphor ultimately rests on an alienated representation of the global system that limits the political potential of these regulatory strategies.
The effect of brand personality self congruity on brand engagement and purchase intention: The moderating role of self esteem in Facebook
Year: 2018

This research examines the effect of brand personality self congruity (BPC) on brand engagement and purchase intention on Facebook, while investigating how self esteem moderates the relationship between BPC and brand engagement and purchase intention. Data from 301 Facebook users who clicked "like" for a brand were analyzed using factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi group analysis. BPC showed a significant, positive influence on brand engagement and purchase intention. Also, it was found that brand engagement positively associated with purchase intention. Brand engagement partially mediated the relationship between BPC and purchase intention. BPC showed a conditional indirect effect on purchase intention via brand engagement depending on the level of self esteem. Specifically, participants with lower self esteem compared to those with higher self esteem were more likely to seek brands that may help realize ideal self concepts. Theoretical and practical implications for advertisers are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research in this area.