nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Plaque Removal Efficacy of Dental Floss with/without Chlorhexidine Gel Coating in Patients with Gingivitis A Clinical and Microbological Study
Year: 2020

Chlorhexidine has shown anti plaque and antimicrobial effects when used as a mouthwash and appears to be effective when used as a topical antiseptic agent.  The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine gel coated dental floss with that of uncoated dental floss.  This parallel, single blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial Included 30 patients with moderate to severe gingivitis. The total population was randomly divided into three groups, with ten patients in each group. Group A received dental floss with 1% chlorhexidine gel, and Group B received only dental floss, while in Group C no dental floss was provided. All thirty volunteers were provided with standard toothpaste and toothbrush. Clinical parameters such as gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding index were recorded along with supragingival plaque sample collection for microbiological culture. Subjects were recalled after 15 days and clinical and microbiological analysis was performed. All parameters were re assessed at the follow up visit after two weeks.  All the groups showed a significant reduction in values of plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding index, as well as the microbial counts post enrollment in the study. A significant reduction in the bleeding indices was noticed in Group A in comparison to C (p 0.05)  The use of dental floss coated with 1% chlorhexidine gluconate gel was effective as an interproximal aid for patients with moderate to severe gingivitis.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Sleep Deprivation on Eating Behavior
Year: 2014

How do acute and chronic sleep deprivation affect eating behavior in university students? Does lack of sleep decrease fruit vegetable intake or increase sweet starchy food intake?  1) determine the affect average hours of sleep or acute sleep deprivation (defined as less than 6 hour sleep per night) has on consumption of nutritious foods, measured by examining average fruit and vegetable servings overall and on sleep deprived days; 2) examine the effect of average hours of sleep or acute deprivation on consumption of sweet and starchy foods, defined by servings per day of French fries, potato chips, and dessert foods, such as cookies or cake, both overall and on sleep deprived days.  Inadequate sleep, defined as less than six hours per night, will increase sweet and starchy food consumption, and decrease average fruit and vegetable consumption in college students.  Sleep deprivation is thought to be a factor in the rising American obesity epidemic. Altered sleep cycles affect appetite regulating hormone levels and enhance the hedonic effect of food consumption. As a result, sleep restriction has been associated with an increased daily energy intake of more than 500 calories and high carbohydrate/high fat consumption. However, past studies have not examined the relationship between sleep deprivation and decreased intake of nutrient dense fruits and vegetables as a factor in increased energy consumption.  Data was collected from 152 students (110 females and 42 males) between 18 and 53 years old at the University of Kentucky. Students self reported data on daily and weekly sleep habits, dietary habits, weight, height, and demographics via an online Qualtrics cross sectional survey. Descriptive, correlations and t test analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel.  The data concluded that acute sleep deprivation is not correlated with the amount of respectively) P values in all compared variables were significant (p<0.001) Though data indicated that students, on average, consumed less fruit and vegetables and more sweets and starches on sleep deprived days, variance across the population was high. Most of the students surveyed were undergraduate freshmen (48.0% and/or living with roommates (81.6%  These results run contrary to previous studies that have demonstrated a connection between sleep deprivation, and increased high carbohydrate/high fat food consumption and BMI. The well established correlation between increased energy consumption and sleep deprivation, as well as the high variance within this survey population, indicate the need for a larger sample population to accurately assess variable relationships. In addition, factors
Remaining useful life prediction of crude oil pipeline by means of deterioration curves
Year: 2019

Pipelines sometimes generate different kinds of environmental damages which are irreparable and hazardous due to various reasons such as natural hazards, external loads, and corrosion. Many soft computational methods have been introduced to assess the failure rates of pipelines since decades. However, the majority of studies were limited to specific conditions. The aim of this paper is to predict the remaining useful life of the crude oil pipeline by generating the deteriorating curves. The historical inspection data have been used to calculate the metal loss (ML) growth rates. ML anomalies were found to be a major effect on the deterioration rate of a crude oil pipeline. Deterioration curves were developed using ML growth rates on a timely basis. The results may help pipeline technicians in decision making for overhaul planning and to take essential arrangements or to repair when needed, so that produce losses of oil and gas industries can be reduced and hence the lifespan of a pipeline can be increased.
Role of AI techniques and deep learning in analyzing the critical health conditions
Venue: Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag.
Year: 2020

The role of a healthcare practitioner is to diagnose a disease and find an optimum means for suitable treatment. This has been the most challenging task over the years. The researchers have been developing intelligent tools for providing support in taking medical decision. The application of AI in different health scenario strengthen the mechanism for finding a better treatment plan. The authors share some recent advancements in this domain. The role of artificial intelligence in Indian healthcare system has also been discussed. The paper analyzes the use of different AI techniques like fuzzy logic, Artificial Neural Networks, Particle Swarm Optimization and Fuzzy Neural in critical health scenario. A detail literature review has been provided in this context. The disease taken into consideration are cancer, TB, diabetes, malaria, orthopedics, obesity and disease specific to elderly people. The purpose of this article is to find the relevance of various techniques of AI in different critical health scenarios. A comparative analysis is done based on the publications since 1995. The challenges and risks associated with the usage of AI in healthcare has been analysed and suggestions made for making the analysis in the health domain more accurate and effective. Further the concept of deep learning has also been explained and its inculcation with the medical domain is discussed.
Space time migration patterns and risk of HIV acquisition in rural South Africa
Venue: AIDS
Year: 2017

To quantify the space time dimensions of human mobility in relationship to the risk of HIV acquisition.  We used data from the population cohort located in a high HIV prevalence, rural population in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa (2000 2014) We geolocated 8006 migration events (representing 1 028 782 km traveled) for 17 743 individuals =15 years of age) who were HIV negative at baseline and followed up these individuals for HIV acquisition (70 395 person years) Based on the complete geolocated residential history of every individual in this cohort, we constructed two detailed time varying migration indices. We then used interval censored Cox proportional hazards models to quantify the relationship between the migration indices and the risk of HIV acquisition.  In total, 17.4% of participants migrated at least once outside the rural study community during the period of observation (median migration distance 107.1 km, interquartile range 18.9 387.5) The two migration indices were highly predictive of hazard of HIV acquisition (P 0.01) in both men and women. Holding other factors equal, the risk of acquiring HIV infection increased by 50% for migration distances of 40 km (men) and 109 km (women) HIV acquisition risk also increased by 50% when participants spent 44% (men) and 90% (women) of their respective time outside the rural study community.  This in depth analysis of a population cohort in a rural sub Saharan African population has revealed a clear nonlinear relationship between distance migrated and HIV acquisition. Our findings show that even relatively short distance migration events confer substantial additional risk of acquisition.
A New Coverage Flight Path Planning Algorithm Based on Footprint Sweep Fitting for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Navigation in Urban Environments
Venue: Applied Sciences
Year: 2019

This paper presents a new coverage flight path planning algorithm that finds collision free, minimum length and flyable paths for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation in three dimensional (3D) urban environments with fixed obstacles for coverage missions. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational time, number of turns, and path overlapping while finding a path that passes over all reachable points of an area or volume of interest by using sensor footprints' sweeps fitting and a sparse waypoint graph in the pathfinding process. We devise a novel footprints' sweep fitting method considering UAV sensor footprint as coverage unit in the free spaces to achieve maximal coverage with fewer and longer footprints' sweeps. After footprints' sweeps fitting, the proposed algorithm determines the visiting sequence of footprints' sweeps by formulating it as travelling salesman problem (TSP) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is employed to solve the TSP. Furthermore, we generate a sparse waypoint graph by connecting footprints' sweeps' endpoints to obtain a complete coverage flight path. The simulation results obtained from various scenarios fortify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and verify the aforementioned claims.
Study on Microstructure Characteristics of Axially Braided Carbon/Carbon Composites Based on SEM and Micro CT
Venue: Materials
Year: 2020

In order to study the microstructure characteristics of an axially braided Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composite, a comprehensive observation and study of the mesoscopic and microstructure characteristics of an axially braided C/C composite is conducted. Scanning electron microscopy and Micro CT were used to obtain the microstructure characteristics and distribution rules of the axially braided C/C composite material. The physical model of the material and the geometric model of the representative unit were established. At the same time, the characteristics of this kind of material are also obtained. The microstructure characteristics show that the axially braided C/C composite is a polymer with cracks and pores of different sizes, which is a three dimensional and four directions carbon fiber braided body as the reinforcing phase and pitch carbon as the reinforcing matrix. The microcosmic data obtained in this chapter is the basis for carrying out material property prediction and qualitative comparison of macro performance.
The Schulze Method of Voting
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

We propose a new single winner election method "Schulze method" and prove that it satisfies many academic criteria (e.g. monotonicity, reversal symmetry, resolvability, independence of clones, Condorcet criterion, k consistency, polynomial runtime) We then generalize this method to proportional representation by the single transferable vote "Schulze STV" and to methods to calculate a proportional ranking "Schulze proportional ranking" Furthermore, we propose a generalization of the Condorcet criterion to multi winner elections. This paper contains a large number of examples to illustrate the proposed methods.
Laboratory calibration of star sensor with installation error using a nonlinear distortion model
Year: 2014

The high precise star sensor calibration method requires high accurate turntable, collimator, star point plate or other high precision devices that are very expensive. We present a simple and available method to calibrate the principal point, focal length, radial distortion, tangential distortion and installation error of star sensor in laboratory, and without having high accurate or expensive devices. The calibration model takes the ordinary camera calibration methods and installation error into account. The installation error is modeled by combination of three typical effects: the installation of pan tilt zoom (PTZ) initial status, PTZ and charge coupled device, which result in six parameters. The proposed procedure consists of a closed form solution, followed by a nonlinear refining based on maximum likelihood criterion. Our calibration method is validated through simulation and real data that shows the superiority with respect to the traditional methods and has the same level as the state of the art methods. The accuracy of our calibration method is 0.015deg in the root of mean square distances between testing points and projected ones.
Detection of collagens by multispectral optoacoustic tomography as an imaging biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Venue: Nature Medicine
Year: 2019

Biomarkers for monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy are lacking for muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging with multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) uses pulsed laser light to induce acoustic pressure waves, enabling the visualization of endogenous chromophores. Here we describe an application of MSOT, in which illumination in the near and extended near infrared ranges from 680 1,100 nm enables the visualization and quantification of collagen content. We first demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to noninvasive quantification of tissue fibrosis in longitudinal studies in a large animal Duchenne muscular dystrophy model in pigs, and then applied this approach to pediatric patients. MSOT derived collagen content measurements in skeletal muscle were highly correlated to the functional status of the patients and provided additional information on molecular features as compared to magnetic resonance imaging. This study highlights the potential of MSOT imaging as a noninvasive, age independent biomarker for the implementation and monitoring of newly developed therapies in muscular diseases.Imaging of muscle fibrosis with a handheld device could potentially serve as a biomarker for disease progression and response to therapy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Initiation of sub surface micro cracks and white etching areas from debonding at non metallic inclusions in wind turbine gearbox bearing
Year: 2018

In this study, a failed planetary bearing from a wind turbine gearbox was destructively examined to investigate the initiation of micro cracks and butterflies at non metallic inclusions, and the effect of debonding between these inclusions and the steel matrix. The butterflies were scanned using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to show the topography that could not be assessed by using other microscopy techniques. Nano indentation test was conducted across a butterfly wing and a non metallic inclusion to measure the hardness at the interface with the steel matrix. It was found that the White Etching Areas (WEA) in the region of the butterfly wing was a damaged material that showed tearing at the debonding gap between the inclusion and steel matrix. This study highlighted the effect of debonding on the initiation of micro cracks, WEA and inclusion cracking. A direct relationship was found between the size of inclusions and the total length of inclusions and micro cracks or butterfly wings. The depth of the observed sub surface damage was correlated with the sub surface stress distribution and these results suggested that surface traction could be an important contributing factor to the subsurface damage initiation.
VARIANT AND VARIATIONS ON FURNITURE FOR EMOTIONAL DESIGN IMPACT ON USERS
Year: 2019

The process of design is the subject of many studies in the field of psychology or social science or technologies. Its wealth is based on its complexity within the variant and variations that include during its progress. An investigation on computer aided integrated design and production using advanced automated tools aims to provide integrated solutions for the design and production of geometrically complex forms merged with machines restrictions that could serve as potential design variations. These variations relies heavily on the use of parametric design modeling that are incompatible with a linear approach. Beyond functionality, comfort, and technology, the objective is to propose a conscious and creative dimension of living, offering an anti stress formula for the design and daily management of the space. This paper investigates the emotional design impact on products specifically on furniture to evoke emotions in people, suggesting that emotions are at basic importance for the success of a product since they influence product evaluation, purchase decision and product experience of users significantly. To formalize this iterative process, we propose a dynamic model allowing multiple variations on furniture affecting the users emotionally from the very beginning of the interaction at the pre possession stage to long term use, giving emphasis on form, color and material. We propose a dynamic model allowing multiple variations on furniture within a conscious and creative dimension of living offering an anti stress formula for the design and daily management of the space.
Acylhydrazone bond dynamic covalent polymer gel monolithic column online coupling to high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of sulfonamides and fluorescent whitening agents in food.
Venue: Journal of chromatography. A
Year: 2017

A new dynamic covalent polymer (DCP) gel was well designed and constructed based on imine chemistry. Polycondensation of 4,4' biphenyldicarboxaldehyde and 1,3,5 benzenetricarbohydrazide via Schiff base reaction resulted in an acylhydrazone bond gel (AB gel) DCP. AB gel DCP had three dimensional network of interconnected nanoparticles with hierarchically porous structure. AB gel DCP was successfully fabricated as a monolithic column by an in situ chemical bonding method for online enrichment and separation purpose with excellent permeability. AB gel DCP based monolithic column showed remarkable adsorption affinity towards target analytes including sulfonamides (SAs) and fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) due to its strong p p affinity, hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding interaction. Then, AB gel DCP based monolithic column was applied for online separation and analysis of trace SAs and FWAs in food samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Sulfathiazole (ST) and sulfadimidine (SM2) in one positive weever sample were actually found and determined with concentrations of 273.8 and 286.3mg/kg, respectively. 2,5 Bis(5 tert butyl 2 benzoxazolyl) thiophene (FWA184) was actually quantified in one tea infusion sample with the concentration of 268.5ng/L. The spiked experiments suggested the good recoveries in range of 74.5 110% for SAs in weever and shrimp samples with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 9.7% and in range of 74.0 113% for FWAs in milk and tea infusion samples with RSDs less than 9.0% AB gel DCP monolithic column was proved to be a promising sample preparation medium for online separation and analysis of trace analytes in food samples with complex matrices.
Process efficiency of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) assisted hybrid drying in spearmint Mentha spicata L.
Venue: Journal of Food Processing and Preservation
Year: 2019

Spearmint (Mentha spicata L. leaves were dried using four different methods, namely, infrared hot air (IR HA) drying, radiofrequency hot air (RF HA) drying, low humidity air (LHA) drying, and hot air (HA) drying at three different temperatures (30, 40, and 50degC) The effect of the methods on time required for drying, product quality in terms of chlorophyll, total carotenoids, essential oil yield and its composition, color, browning index (BI) and rehydration ratio was evaluated. The IR HA hybrid drying at 50degC resulted in faster process with nearly 62% lesser drying time, as compared to HA drying, and also resulted in higher retention of essential oil (85.7% carvone (79.6% and lower BI (50.4) The specific energy requirement of IR HA hybrid drying reduced by 60% as compared to HA drying at 50degC. The results showed that hybrid drying involving IR could be effectively used to obtain good quality of dried spearmint leaves in a shorter time with better energy efficiency.  Spearmint is popular for essential oil, and carvone is the major volatile compound present in the oil, giving its characteristic odor. This study explored the effect of drying methods (IR HA, RF HA hybrid drying, and LHA drying) on drying characteristics, quality of dried spearmint and its comparison with HA drying. The study showed that IR HA drying resulted in shorter processing time with a higher yield of essential oil, carvone retention, and energy efficiency than other drying methods. The results indicated that IR HA hybrid drying technique could be explored as an alternative to HA drying of heat sensitive herbs like spearmint.
The multi echelon vehicle routing problem with cross docking in supply chain management
Venue: Comput. Chem. Eng.
Year: 2011

Multi echelon distribution networks are quite common in supply chain and logistics. Deliveries of multiple items from factories to customers are managed by routing and consolidating shipments in warehouses carrying on long term inventories. On the other hand, cross docking is a logistics technique that differs from warehousing because products are no longer stored at intermediate depots. Instead, cross dock facilities consolidate incoming shipments based on customer demands and immediately deliver them to their destinations. Hybrid strategies combining direct shipping, warehousing and cross docking are usually applied in real world distribution systems. This work deals with the operational management of hybrid multi echelon multi item distribution networks. The goal of the N echelon vehicle routing problem with cross docking in supply chain management (the VRPCD SCM problem) consists of satisfying customer demands at minimum total transportation cost. A monolithic optimization framework for the VRPCD SCM based on a mixed integer linear mathematical formulation is presented. Computational results for several problem instances are reported.
Learning in Online Advertising
Year: 2019

Prior literature on pay per click advertising assumes that publishers know advertisers' click through rates (CTR) This information, however, is not available when a new advertiser first joins a publisher. The new advertiser's CTR can be learned only if its ad is shown to enough consumers, i.e. the advertiser wins enough auctions. Since publishers use CTRs to calculate payments and allocations, the lack of information about a new advertiser can affect the advertisers' bids. Using a game theory model, we analyze advertisers' strategies, their payoffs, and the publisher's revenue in a learning environment. Our results indicate that a new advertiser always bids higher (sometimes above valuation) in the beginning. The incumbent advertiser's strategy depends on its valuation and CTR. A strong incumbent increases its bid to deter the publisher from learning the new advertiser's CTR, whereas a weak incumbent decreases its bid to facilitate learning. Interestingly, the publisher may benefit from not knowing the new advertiser's CTR because its ignorance could induce advertisers to bid more aggressively. Nonetheless, the publisher's revenue sometimes decreases because of this lack of information. The publisher can mitigate this loss by lowering the reserve price of, offering advertising credit to, or boosting the bids of new advertisers.