nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
XRay: A Function Call Tracing System
Year: 2016

Debugging high throughput, low latency C/C+ systems in production is hard. At Google we developed XRay, a function call tracing system that allows Google engineers to get accurate function call traces with negligible overhead when off and moderate overhead when on, suitable for services deployed in production. XRay enables efficient function call entry/exit logging with high accuracy timestamps, and can be dynamically enabled and disabled. This white paper describes the XRay tracing system and its implementation. It also describes future plans with open sourcing XRay and engaging open source communities.  Call Tracing in Production At Google we run distributed systems handling massive amounts of concurrent requests that do everything from serving a webpage to storing bytes on disks. Understanding the performance of these complex systems is difficult given the abstractions involved, asynchronous programming with callbacks, and even interaction between threads synchronising amongst each other. It can be especially difficult to track down what affects performance in rare events, which can be rare because they occur at the latency tail or 1 because they are outlier requests to the service. Seeing what happens "at the tail" allows software engineers to diagnose the performance of systems in these rare events that have an impact on the overall performance of the system. The question then becomes how do you find these "needle in a haystack" events while running in production? Time based traces let developers track down these issues when standard approaches such as sampling, logging, and aggregate statistics fail. What kind of time based trace data would be useful? Ideally, we'd like to get non sampled function call traces with high precision timestamps from production servers that tell us which threads are running what code and when. However, instrumenting all functions is usually too expensive for production use. To deploy in production, we require that: The cost is acceptable when tracing and barely measurable when not tracing. Instrumentation is automatic and directed towards functions that are important for understanding the binary's execution time. Tracing is efficient in both space and time only recording what is required and what matters. In addition to the above, we also require: Tracing is configurable with thresholds for storage (how much memory to use) and accuracy (whether to log everything or only function calls taking at least some amount of time) Tracing does not require changes to the operating system nor super user privileges. Tracing can be turned on and off dynamically without having to restart the server. 1 For more on why optimising tail latency matters, refer to " The Tail at Scale " by Jeff Dean and Luiz Barroso, published to the Communications of the ACM, vol. 56 (2013) pp. 74 80.
Digital twin for battery systems: Cloud battery management system with online state of charge and state of health estimation
Year: 2020

Battery management is critical to enhancing the safety, reliability, and performance of the battery systems. This paper presents a cloud battery management system for battery systems to improve the computational power and data storage capability by cloud computing. With the Internet of Things, all battery relevant data are measured and transmitted to the cloud seamlessly, building up the digital twin for the battery system, where battery diagnostic algorithms evaluate the data and open the window into battery's charge and aging level. The application of equivalent circuit models in the digital twin for battery systems is explored with the development of cloud suited state of charge and state of health estimation approaches. The proposed state of charge estimation with an adaptive extended H infinity filter is robust and accurate for both lithium ion and lead acid batteries, even with a significant initialization error. Furthermore, a state of health estimation algorithm with particle swarm optimization is innovatively exploited to monitor both capacity fade and power fade of the battery during aging. The functionalities and stability of both hardware and software of the cloud battery management system are validated with prototypes under field operation and experimental validation for both stationary and mobile applications.
JPA Criteria Queries over RDF Data
Venue: RSP+QuWeDa@ESWC
Year: 2017

We present the design and implementation of a prototype system for querying RDF data via the Java Persistence API (JPA) criteria query feature. The JPA is a specification for management of (primarily, but not limited to) relational data and provides a framework for uniform storage and retrieval of Java objects using various backends. The framework provides the Criteria API, which enables building queries programmatically against a Java domain model and executing them on any supported backend. In this short paper, we describe our work towards supporting the Web of Data as a new backend. Our contributions comprise (i) a system design for enabling JPA compliant object/RDF mappings together with de /serialization of object graphs as RDF, (ii) an approach for rewriting criteria queries to SPARQL queries, and (iii) a prototype implementation.
O USO DO CELULAR EM SALA DE AULA COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM
Year: 2020

Diante de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado e tecnologico, percebe se a necessidade de ampliar as discussoes sobre o uso de aparelhos celulares como ferramentas didatico pedagogicas. Considerando as possibilidades de insercao de tecnologias no ambito escolar, este estudo mostra os resultados do uso do aparelho celular, bem como sua utilidade, vantagens e desafios em sala de aula. A pesquisa teve como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionario aplicado a professores, gestores e a alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental de duas escolas municipais de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras MA, com a finalidade de conhecer a situacao em que as escolas se encontravam, quando confrontadas com propostas de utilizacao do aparelho celular como ferramenta pedagogica. A pesquisa mostra que a insercao do celular na pratica educativa traz muitas vantagens, caso a aplicacao ocorra de forma planejada e bem estruturada entre gestao, professor e alunos.
FeatureInsight: Visual support for error driven feature ideation in text classification
Venue: 2015 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)
Year: 2015

Machine learning requires an effective combination of data, features, and algorithms. While many tools exist for working with machine learning data and algorithms, support for thinking of new features, or feature ideation, remains poor. In this paper, we investigate two general approaches to support feature ideation: visual summaries and sets of errors. We present FeatureInsight, an interactive visual analytics tool for building new dictionary features (semantically related groups of words) for text classification problems. FeatureInsight supports an error driven feature ideation process and provides interactive visual summaries of sets of misclassified documents. We conducted a controlled experiment evaluating both visual summaries and sets of errors in FeatureInsight. Our results show that visual summaries significantly improve feature ideation, especially in combination with sets of errors. Users preferred visual summaries over viewing raw data, and only preferred examining sets when visual summaries were provided. We discuss extensions of both approaches to data types other than text, and point to areas for future research.
Dispersion Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanorods Coated with Thin Silver Layer and Organized in Two Dimensional Uniform Arrays
Year: 2016

The problem on electromagnetic waves propagation in a two dimensional periodic array of zinc oxide nano waveguides covered with a thin metal film is solved by the method of variables separation in cylindrical coordinates. The numerical results obtained by the method are in good agreement with the results computed by the commercial software COMSOL MultiphysicsTM over all optical range and have minor deviations for the wavelength range close to the critical wavelength. Resonances located at the amplitude frequency characteristics of optical nano antennas may be interpreted as resonances of circular bilayer nano wave guide segments with the ZnO core covered with thin metal shell. The results may also be used to predict the resonance wavelength of two dimensional periodic arrays of ZnO nanorods coated with a thin metal layer and grown on a dielectric substrate.
Emotion, Decision Making, and the Amygdala
Venue: Neuron
Year: 2008

Emotion plays a critical role in many contemporary accounts of decision making, but exactly what underlies its influence and how this is mediated in the brain remain far from clear. Here, we review behavioral studies that suggest that Pavlovian processes can exert an important influence over choice and may account for many effects that have traditionally been attributed to emotion. We illustrate how recent experiments cast light on the underlying structure of Pavlovian control and argue that generally this influence makes good computational sense. Corresponding neuroscientific data from both animals and humans implicate a central role for the amygdala through interactions with other brain areas. This yields a neurobiological account of emotion in which it may operate, often covertly, to optimize rather than corrupt economic choice.
Design of TE 01d Test Probe for Measuring the Microwave Surface Resistance of HTS Thin Film
Year: 2008

A new TE01d test probe with proper transmission factor is fabricated for the measurement of surface resistance of high temperature superconductor (HTS) thin film. Coupling holes instead of coupling loops are used in the probe for its easier machining and relatively low loss. Two 6 mm x 3 mm x 8 mm dielectric waveguides, one side of them is coated by silver, are used for coupling. The measurement result of S21 agrees well with the simulation because the size of the probe can be rigidly controlled by machine. The microwave surface resistance of four YBCO/MgO films are measured at 77 K and 12 GHz and scaled to 10 GHz according to the f 2 rule. The average surface resistance of four HTS thin films is 0.38 m, the standard devia tion and relative standard deviation of one single HTS thin film are 0.009 m and 2.4% respectively. dielectric resonator method, which is suitable for commercialization measurement, has the features of directly measuring the Rs of single piece of HTS thin film and easier calculation. This method is recommended as the supplement of HTS Rs measurement standard of China. Coupling loop was used in the device of image method before, but its shape is hard to rigorously control because usually it is handwork, furthermore, its relative high lose will decrease the Q value of the resonator, which is disadvantageous for reducing the uncertainty of the measurement. Therefore, coupling hole is used for EM transmission, and ceramic with roasting silver in it is used as an adaptor. The new structure of TE01d test probe has the advantage over the old ones since its most parts can be fabricated accurately by machine, therefore, its measure ment result of S21 agrees well with the result of simulation.
Open ended Learning in Symmetric Zero sum Games
Venue: ICML
Year: 2019

Zero sum games such as chess and poker are, abstractly, functions that evaluate pairs of agents, for example labeling them `winner' and `loser' If the game is approximately transitive, then self play generates sequences of agents of increasing strength. However, nontransitive games, such as rock paper scissors, can exhibit strategic cycles, and there is no longer a clear objective we want agents to increase in strength, but against whom is unclear. In this paper, we introduce a geometric framework for formulating agent objectives in zero sum games, in order to construct adaptive sequences of objectives that yield open ended learning. The framework allows us to reason about population performance in nontransitive games, and enables the development of a new algorithm (rectified Nash response, PSRO_rN) that uses game theoretic niching to construct diverse populations of effective agents, producing a stronger set of agents than existing algorithms. We apply PSRO_rN to two highly nontransitive resource allocation games and find that PSRO_rN consistently outperforms the existing alternatives.
Lysosomal storage disease overview.
Venue: Annals of translational medicine
Year: 2018

The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
School Locations and Vacancies: A Constrained Logit Equilibrium Model
Year: 2011

A partial static competitive equilibrium theory is presented and the corresponding constrained logit model specified for a given scenario of policies, which yields the expected equilibrium locations, prices of schools, and students' school choices. Rational students differentiated by socioeconomic cluster demand vacancies at different schools after assessing the school quality, price, and transport costs. Students also interact among them by their valuation of who attends each school (a consumer externality) Schools and vacancies are supplied by different suppliers: private and private subsidized providers choose school locations and type (quality, capacity, prices) public schools provide free education to fulfill demand under fixed total budgets. Producers face production economies. The Nash demand supply equilibrium is studied with regard to the existence and uniqueness of the solution, which is solved by a fixed point algorithm to find a unique solution. The model is applicable to assess different scenarios of regulations and subsidies, as is shown in a test example using data from Santiago, Chile.
Manufacturing Method for Hollow Precast Concret encased Steel Column and Dry splicing Methods for the Same
Year: 2015

The outer pole 100 according to the present invention, is produced by the precast system having a hollow 200 inside the well and forming the outer surface of the cylinder; Inner post 300 is formed by cast in place concrete into said hollow (200) And the outer pole 100 and inner pole 300, the reinforcing member 400 is formed between; the precast recessed synthesis, comprising a step of including a pole is provided. In accordance with the invention in the construction of the composite column so that it does not require an on site construction details such as the steel reinforcement and the reinforcement, installation of the mold to achieve a shortening, and it is possible to improve the workability.
Generalized Focal Loss V2: Learning Reliable Localization Quality Estimation for Dense Object Detection
Venue: CVPR
Year: 2021

Localization Quality Estimation (LQE) is crucial and popular in the recent advancement of dense object detectors since it can provide accurate ranking scores that benefit the Non Maximum Suppression processing and improve detection performance. As a common practice, most existing methods predict LQE scores through vanilla convolutional features shared with object classification or bounding box regression. In this paper, we explore a completely novel and different perspective to perform LQE based on the learned distributions of the four parameters of the bounding box. The bounding box distributions are inspired and introduced as "General Distribution" in GFLV1, which describes the uncertainty of the predicted bounding boxes well. Such a property makes the distribution statistics of a bounding box highly correlated to its real localization quality. Specifically, a bounding box distribution with a sharp peak usually corresponds to high localization quality, and vice versa. By leveraging the close correlation between distribution statistics and the real localization quality, we develop a considerably lightweight Distribution Guided Quality Predictor (DGQP) for reliable LQE based on GFLV1, thus producing GFLV2. To our best knowledge, it is the first attempt in object detection to use a highly relevant, statistical representation to facilitate LQE. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Notably, GFLV2 (ResNet 101) achieves 46.2 AP at 14.6 FPS, surpassing the previous state of the art ATSS baseline (43.6 AP at 14.6 FPS) by absolute 2.6 AP on COCO \tt test dev} without sacrificing the efficiency both in training and inference. Code will be available at https:/github.com/implus/GFocalV2.
INTERNET OF THINGS FOR SMART CITIES
Year: 2019

1Krishna Priya R, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119 2Kalyani M Kalyani Subha, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119  The expeditious population growth has resulted in the demand for advanced embedded devices to meet the needs of city inhabitants. Thus, Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to connect a large number of remote devices with the Internet in a transparent and seamless manner. This paper focuses on Urban IoT, which supports the Smart City concept. In this paper, an open source operating system, Contiki 3.0, is used to realize the smart street lighting and waste management system using Cooja simulator. Furthermore, this paper provides a comprehensive study of the various topologies that are used to realise the smart city concepts with minimum power consumption and delay.
High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well being
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2010

Recent research has begun to distinguish two aspects of subjective well being. Emotional well being refers to the emotional quality of an individual's everyday experience the frequency and intensity of experiences of joy, stress, sadness, anger, and affection that make one's life pleasant or unpleasant. Life evaluation refers to the thoughts that people have about their life when they think about it. We raise the question of whether money buys happiness, separately for these two aspects of well being. We report an analysis of more than 450,000 responses to the Gallup Healthways Well Being Index, a daily survey of 1,000 US residents conducted by the Gallup Organization. We find that emotional well being (measured by questions about emotional experiences yesterday) and life evaluation (measured by Cantril's Self Anchoring Scale) have different correlates. Income and education are more closely related to life evaluation, but health, care giving, loneliness, and smoking are relatively stronger predictors of daily emotions. When plotted against log income, life evaluation rises steadily. Emotional well being also rises with log income, but there is no further progress beyond an annual income of $75,000. Low income exacerbates the emotional pain associated with such misfortunes as divorce, ill health, and being alone. We conclude that high income buys life satisfaction but not happiness, and that low income is associated both with low life evaluation and low emotional well being.
Orthogonal Megatrend Intersections: "Coils" of a Stellar Transformer
Year: 2020

According to the plate tectonic hypothesis, fracture zones (FZs) are considered transform faults that lie perpendicular to midocean ridge axes; that is, they show the direction of seafloor spreading. Bathymetric maps of the Pacific Ocean basin exhibit a multitude of latitudinally trending FZs as well as longitudinally trending FZs on the Pacific plate. By the early 1980s the FZs were found to be active features with magma leakage along trend, which shifted the conception that linear seamount chains must form as hot spot traces. With the inclusion of seamount chains into the FZ trends, coupled with near multi beam total coverage bathymetry and 1st order Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite (GEOSAT) structural trends the concept of intersecting megatrends evolved. Analysis reveals that oceanic rises and plateaus generally sit atop the intersections of these FZs, exhibiting continental blocks, large igneous outpourings, and/or tectonic vortex structures at the intersections. Additionally, these megatrends are shown to continue into the continents, such as the Murray and Mendocino FZs in the northeastern Pacific, intersecting and crossing, the San Andreas Fault trend in California. The intersecting megatrends exhibit magnetic anomaly patterns related to magmatic intrusive/extrusive events not necessarily corresponding to seafloor foundation of Archean (original lithosphere) crust 4 2.5 billion years ago. Nor can the plate be spreading in several directions at the same time. Evidence of orthogonally intersecting megatrends coupled with a dubious interpretation of seafloor magnetic lineation age hypothesis leads investigators toward a more robust explanation of tectonic events. By understanding plasma tectonics is driven by space weather in which these orthogonal FZs act as "coils" of a stellar transformer, a new paradigm emerges linking solar induction and space weather as drivers of seismic and volcanic energies such as earthquakes and magma production.
Coupling spatial pollination supply models with local demand mapping to support collaborative management of ecosystem services
Year: 2020

Mapping of ecosystem services (ES) is a powerful tool for communication and knowledge sharing about the implications of ecosystem management practices for human wellbeing. This research aimed to show the usefulness of ES mapping for decision making by combining modelling of ES supply with ES demand mapping in a participatory process with the engagement of relevant stakeholders. We used the ESTIMAP pollination model to map wild bee abundance and pollination supply in the Sudoeste Alentejano and Costa Vicentina Natural Park (PNSACV) in Portugal. The model was modified by adding a behavioural component that distributes pollinator visits according to floral availability. Balancing pollination supply with crop dependency levels allowed visualising potential areas of satisfied and unsatisfied demand and testing the effectiveness of ecosystem management interventions. The discussion of these results in two participatory workshops triggered the first collective debate about pollination in the PNSACV. This engagement enabled the development of a shared understanding about this ES and highlighted the role of ES maps as tools to support collaborative natural resources management.