nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
UV Chemistry in the Circumstellar Envelopes of Evolved Stars
Year: 2019

Low and intermediate mass stars eject a substantial amount of their material into space during a late phase of stellar evolution, the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Therefore, they impact the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Due to the intense mass loss, a circumstellar envelope (CSE) rich in gas and dust, forms around the AGB star. Observations of molecular species and dust content in CSEs help us to broaden our knowledge on late phases of stellar evolution, mass loss processes, the CSE chemistry, and the stellar properties. For instance, observations of carbon monoxide (CO) have been extensively used to determine the mass loss rate and the overall CSE properties. Ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation of CO from the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) is the dominant process that determines the CO distribution and extent in CSEs. Therefore, a precise calculation of the CO photodissociation rate is crucial to determine the mass loss rates. Subsequently, the value adopted for the mass loss rate in further modelling of the CSEs will affect the abundances derived for all other molecules. Thus, an estimation of the CO photodissociation rate affects the estimates of the amount of all the recycled material. In this thesis, we present the most updated calculations of the depth dependency of the CO photodissociation rate in CSEs using the latest laboratory measurements. Generally, it is well known that UV radiation impacts the CSE chemistry and the influence of UV radiation from the ISRF has been considered in the models of CSEs. However, there has been little discussion on the impact of internal sources of UV radiation. Recent Galaxy Evolution Explorer observations reveal the presence of strong internal UV radiation for a large sample of AGB stars. The internal UV radiation can originate from stellar chromospheric activity, a hot binary companion, and/or accretion of matter between two stars in a binary system. This thesis seeks to address the impact of both the internal and external sources of UV radiation on the CSE chemistry. To trace the impact of UV radiation, we present two approaches. First, observations of the main UV photodissociation and photoionization products, such as CI and CII. We present, for the first time, detections of CI around a UV bright oxygen rich AGB star, omi Ceti. In the second approach, we investigate the isotopologue ratio of molecules with different photodissociation mechanisms. We expect variations in the isotopologue ratio of molecules that dissociate through lines. However, there should not be any variation by UV radiation in the isotopologue ratio of molecules with continuum dissociation.
A Constructional Approach to Lexical Templates in Chinese Neologisms
Venue: CLSW
Year: 2015

This paper first defines lexical templates in Chinese, followed by an examination of the front empty lexical templates with examples taken from Chinese neologisms within the framework of construction grammar. We hold a lexical template to be an intermediate productive construction with one variable position and a lexically specified one. The holistic meaning is not the sum of that of the constituent parts; neither does the head contribute much to the meaning.
Temporary banking of the nipple areola complex in breast reconstruction following mastectomy for gigantomastia
Venue: International journal of surgery case reports
Year: 2020

Highlights Gigantomastia is a breast disorder characterized by exaggerated rapid growth of the breasts. Mastectomy is rarely required to ensure safe delivery or control disease progression or recurrence. Immediate breast reconstruction with temporary banking of the NAC is one of good options for severe Gigantomastia. A good aesthetic result and patient's satisfaction were attained.
Adolescent and Adult HIV Providers' Definitions of HIV Infected Youths' Successful Transition to Adult Care in the United States.
Year: 2017

It is important for both individual and population level health that HIV infected individuals progress through the Care Continuum. However, HIV infected youth frequently disengage from care during transition from pediatric/adolescent to adult care; only 50% remain in adult care after 1 year. Understanding how providers define and approach a successful healthcare transition can improve the delivery of HIV related services during critical years of HIV treatment. We conducted 58 staff interviews across 14 Adolescent Trials Network clinics (n 30) and 20 adult clinics (n 28) We used the constant comparative method to examine how providers defined and approached youths' successful transition. Providers identified four components critical to successful transition: (1) clinical outcomes (e.g. medication adherence and viral suppression) (2) youth knowing how to complete treatment related activities (e.g. refilling prescriptions and making appointments) (3) youth taking responsibility for treatme.
COVID 19 herd immunity: where are we?
Venue: Nature reviews. Immunology
Year: 2020

Herd immunity is a key concept for epidemic control. It states that only a proportion of a population needs to be immune (through overcoming natural infection or through vaccination) to an infectious agent for it to stop generating large outbreaks. A key question in the current COVID 19 pandemic is how and when herd immunity can be achieved and at what cost.
Liver Preservation With Machine Perfusion and a Newly Developed Cell Free Oxygen Carrier Solution Under Subnormothermic Conditions
Venue: American journal of transplantation official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
Year: 2015

We describe a new preservation modality combining machine perfusion (MP) at subnormothermic conditions (21degC) with a new hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) solution. MP (n 6) was compared to cold static preservation (CSP; n 6) in porcine orthotopic liver transplants after 9 h of cold ischemia and 5 day follow up. Recipients' peripheral blood, serial liver biopsies, preservation solutions and bile specimens were collected before, during and after liver preservation. Clinical laboratorial and histological analyses were performed in addition to mitochondrial functional assays, transcriptomic, metabolomic and inflammatory mediator analyses. Compared with CSP, MP animals had: (1) significantly higher survival (100% vs. 33% p 0.05) (2) superior graft function (p 0.05) (3) eight times higher hepatic O2 delivery than O2 consumption (0.78 mL O2/g/h vs. 0.096 mL O2/g/h) during MP; and (4) significantly greater bile production (MP 378.5 179.7; CS 151.6 116.85) MP down regulated interferon (IFN) a and IFN g in liver tissue. MP allografts cleared lactate, produced urea, sustained gluconeogenesis and produced hydrophilic bile after reperfusion. Enhanced oxygenation under subnormothermic conditions triggers regenerative and cell protective responses resulting in improved allograft function. MP at 21degC with the HBOC solution significantly improves liver preservation compared to CSP.
KnowledgeNet: A Benchmark Dataset for Knowledge Base Population
Venue: EMNLP/IJCNLP
Year: 2019

KnowledgeNet is a benchmark dataset for the task of automatically populating a knowledge base (Wikidata) with facts expressed in natural language text on the web. KnowledgeNet provides text exhaustively annotated with facts, thus enabling the holistic end to end evaluation of knowledge base population systems as a whole, unlike previous benchmarks that are more suitable for the evaluation of individual subcomponents (e.g. entity linking, relation extraction) We discuss five baseline approaches, where the best approach achieves an F1 score of 0.50, significantly outperforming a traditional approach by 79% (0.28) However, our best baseline is far from reaching human performance (0.82) indicating our dataset is challenging. The KnowledgeNet dataset and baselines are available at https:/github.com/diffbot/knowledge net
Assembly of Functionalized 4 Alkynylisoxazoles by Palladium Catalyzed Three Component Cascade Cyclization/Alkynylation.
Venue: Chemistry, an Asian journal
Year: 2019

A novel N heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium catalyzed three component cascade cyclization/alkynylation for the synthesis of structurally diverse 4 alkynylisoxazoles was efficiently developed in ionic liquids. The operational simplicity, without additives, no additional ligands, and 0.5 mol catalyst loading under air are some of the attractive features of this present protocol.
Call for Papers: Arbeiten in der Corona Krise
Year: 2020

Die Folgen der Corona Pandemie verandern die soziale Ordnung von Produktion und Reproduktion. Die Auswirkungen der Krise erstrecken sich auf die Arbeitsmarktdynamik, die innerbetriebliche Strukturierung von Erwerbsarbeit, die Anforderungen an vielen Arbeitsplatzen sowie die Verteilung und Anerkennung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Carearbeit. Hierbei zeichnen sich strukturelle Veranderungen in der gesellschaftlichen Organisation produktiver und reproduktiver Arbeit ab: Diesund jenseits von Kapitalverhaltnissen, wie und von wem werden Leistungen erbracht, die benotigt werden? Und wer ersetzt wen, wenn Gesundheitsschutz, Nachfrageschwankungen und veranderte Zeitregime die Anforderungen an Arbeit verandern? Durch die pandemiebedingte Priorisierung und massive Einschrankung des Arbeitsmarktgeschehens ist die Frage nach der ,Systemrelevanz" bestimmter Berufe und deren mangelnder finanzieller wie kultureller Anerkennung in den offentlichen Diskurs gelangt. Debattiert wird eine Zunahme von Geschlechterungleichheiten durch die ,Privatisierung' bzw. Re Familialisierung von Betreuung und Bildung durch die (Teil )Schliessung von Kitas, Schulen und anderen Einrichtungen. Eine (zunehmende) Prekarisierung von Erwerbsarbeit ist nicht nur in der Kurzarbeit und bei Solo Selbststandigkeit, sondern auch angesichts der transnationalen Verflechtungen des Arbeitsmarktes wie aktuell in der Spargelund Fleischwirtschaft sowie im Pflegesektor zu beobachten. Die Moglichkeiten, sich gewerkschaftlich zu organisieren und Zugang zu Ausgleichszahlungen zu erlangen, sind sehr ungleich verteilt. Mit Blick auf soziale Ungleichheit ist es von besonderem Interesse, die Folgen von Kurzarbeitsregelungen fur Beschaftigte mit ohnehin geringen Lohnen, die Folgen kurzwie langfristiger Erwerbsverbote fur bestimmte Branchen (wie die Sexarbeit) sowie die Folgen der Krise fur erwerbslose Lohnabhangige zu untersuchen.
Mulberry leaf disease detection using YOLO
Year: 2021

Many states in India have taken up sericulture as an important agro industry with good results. The mulberry leaf is the most important economic component in sericulture since the quality and quantity of the leaf have a direct impact on the cocoon bearing. Leaf disease diagnosis and classification in mulberry plants can be useful to framers and researchers to identify and classify diseases. It is an interesting technique that aids in managing the pathogens within the fields automatically and effectively at a minimal cost. Many mulberry diseases usually have symptoms on the leaf during the early stages of infections. These can be easily analyzed and classified using images. This paper proposes a model for implementing mulberry infection detection using Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and You Look Only Once (YOLO) The proposed model identifies and classifies mulberry leaf diseases effectively. The image is divided into several grids before the image processing. The speed and accuracy of detection and classification are relatively high.
Worst Case Optimal Data Driven Estimators for Switched Discrete Time Linear Systems
Venue: 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
Year: 2019

This paper proposes a data driven framework to address the worst case estimation problem for switched discrete time linear systems based solely on the measured data (input output) and an l bound over the noise. We start with the problem of designing a worst case optimal estimator for a single system and show that this problem can be recast as a rank minimization problem and efficiently solved using standard relaxations of rank. Then we extend these results to the switched case. Our main result shows that, when the mode variable is known, the problem can be solved proceeding in a similar manner. To address the case where the mode variable is unmeasurable, we impose the hybrid decoupling constraint(HDC) in order to reformulate the original problem as a polynomial optimization which can be reduced to a tractable convex optimization using moments based techniques.
Stable Blue Phosphorescence Iridium(III) Cyclometalated Complexes Prompted by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond in Ancillary Ligand.
Venue: Inorganic chemistry
Year: 2016

Improvement of the stability of blue phosphorescent dopant material is one of the key factors for real application of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) In this study, we found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in an ancillary ligand from a heteroleptic Ir(III) complex can play an important role in the stability of blue phosphorescence. To rationalize the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, a series of Ir(III) complexes is designed and prepared: Ir(dfppy)2(pic OH) (1a) Ir(dfppy)2(pic OMe) (1b) Ir(ppy)2(pic OH) (2a) and Ir(ppy)2(pic OMe) (2b) The emission lifetime of Ir(dfppy)2(pic OH) (1a) (tem 3.19 ms) in dichloromethane solution was found to be significantly longer than that of Ir(dfppy)2(pic OMe) (1b) (tem 0.94 ms) because of a substantial difference in the nonradiative decay rate (knr 0.28 x 10(5) s( 1) for (1a) vs 2.99 x 10(5) s( 1) for (1b) These results were attributed to the intramolecular OH**O C hydrogen bond of the 3 hydroxy picolinato ligand. Finally, device lifetime was significantly improved when 1a was used as the dopant compared to FIrpic, a well known blue dopant. Device III (1a as dopant) achieved an operational lifetime of 34.3 h for an initial luminance of 400 nits compared to that of device IV (FIrpic as dopant) a value of 20.1 h, indicating that the intramolecular hydrogen bond in ancillary ligand is playing an important role in device stability.
THERMOFORMING SIMULATION OF THERMOPLASTIC TEXTILE COMPOSITES
Year: 2014

Thermoforming CFRTP prepreg is a fast manufacturing process compared to LCM process or thermoset prepreg forming. The duration of the t rmoplastic forming process can be in the range of one minute. In addition the composites with thermoplastic matrix are more easily recyclable than thermoset materials. A simulation a pproach for thermoforming of multilayer thermoplastic is presented. Each prepreg layer is m odeled by semi discrete shell elements. A lubricated friction model is implemented between th e layers and for ply/tool friction. Thermal and forming simulations are presented and compared to experimental results. The computed shear angles after forming and wrinkles are in good agreement with the thermoforming experiment. It will be shown by the comparison of t wo simulations that the temperature field play an important role in the process quality.
CEP 1606 Specific Investment and Supplier Vulnerability Theory and Evidence
Year: 2016

Apart from the familiar holdup problem, we investigate another implication of specific investment that has not been examined systematically in the literature. That is, the presence of specific investment can make a supplier vulnerable to large negative shocks to its customer's business. In a theoretical model, we demonstrate that this vulnerability causes the supplier to under invest. A higher degree of specificity induces the supplier to invest more, and it leads to a lower mean and higher volatility in the supplier's profit. Using panel data on over 5000 U.S. firms from 1990 to 2010, our empirical analysis shows the prevalence of the supplier vulnerability problem associated with specific investment.
The mental health impacts of climate change: Findings from a Pacific Island atoll nation.
Venue: Journal of anxiety disorders
Year: 2020

Climate change is anticipated to have profound effects on mental health, particularly among populations that are simultaneously ecologically and economically vulnerable to its impacts. Various pathways through which climate change can impact mental health have been theorised, but the impacts themselves remain understudied.  In this article we applied psychological methods to examine if climate change is affecting individuals' mental health in the Small Island Developing State of Tuvalu, a Pacific Island nation regarded as exceptionally vulnerable to climate change. We determined the presence of psychological distress and associated impairment attributed to two categories of climate change related stressors in particular: 1) local environmental impacts caused or exacerbated by climate change, and 2) hearing about global climate change and contemplating its future implications.  The findings draw on data collected in a mixed method study involving 100 Tuvaluan participants. Data were collected via face to face structured interviews that lasted 45 min on average and were subjected to descriptive, correlational, and between group analyses.  The findings revealed participants' experiences of distress in relation to both types of stressor, and demonstrated that a high proportion of participants are experiencing psychological distress at levels that reportedly cause them impairment in one or more areas of daily life.  The findings lend weight to the claim that climate change represents a risk to mental health and obliges decision makers to consider these risks when conceptualizing climate related harms or tallying the costs of inaction.
A Study on Radar Target Detection Based on Deep Neural Networks
Venue: IEEE Sensors Letters
Year: 2019

Target detection is one of the most important radar applications widely used in practice. Target detection can be regarded as a kind of classification, which distinguishes whether the signal undertested consists of an echo from a target (target present) or just corresponds to the noise (target absent) The deep neural network (DNN) is a popular topic for classification and has successfully been applied in different fields of science. Recently, many researchers have proposed DNNs for radar applications. In this article, we analyze a possible application of DNN for target detection in radar, DNN based detectors are designed, and the performance of the detector is demonstrated by comparison with traditional target detectors.
Effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin 1 induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes
Venue: Scientific reports
Year: 2020

Prevalence of major depression in people with chronic heart failure is higher than in normal populations. Depression in heart failure has become a major issue. Psilocybin containing mushrooms commonly known as magic mushrooms, have been used since ancient times for their mind healing properties. Their safety in cardiovascular disease conditions is not fully known and may pose as a risk for users suffering from these illnesses. Study investigates the effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushrooms use from genus Psilocybe and Panaeolus respectively, in a pathological hypertrophy conditions in which endothelin 1 disorder is a contributor to pathogenesis. We examined the effects of the mushrooms extracts on endothelin 1 induced hypertrophy and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) induced cell injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Mushrooms were oven dried and extracted with cold and boiling hot water. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were induced with endothelin 1 prior to treatment with extracts over 48 h. Cell injury was stimulated with TNF a. Results proposed that the water extracts of Panaeolus cyanescens and Psilocybe cubensis did not aggravate the pathological hypertrophy induced by endothelin 1 and also protected against the TNF a induced injury and cell death in concentrations used. Results support medicinal safe use of mushrooms under controlled conditions and cautioned use of higher concentrations.
Fine grained power modeling for smartphones using system call tracing
Venue: EuroSys '11
Year: 2011

Accurate, fine grained online energy estimation and accounting of mobile devices such as smartphones is of critical importance to understanding and debugging the energy consumption of mobile applications. We observe that state of the art, utilization based power modeling correlates the (actual) utilization of a hardware component with its power state, and hence is insufficient in capturing several power behavior not directly related to the component utilization in modern smartphones. Such behavior arise due to various low level power optimizations programmed in the device drivers. We propose a new, system call based power modeling approach which gracefully encompasses both utilization based and non utilization based power behavior. We present the detailed design of such a power modeling scheme and its implementation on Android and Windows Mobile. Our experimental results using a diverse set of applications confirm that the new model significantly improves the fine grained as well as whole application energy consumption accuracy. We further demonstrate fine grained energy accounting enabled by such a fined grained power model, via amanually implemented eprof, the energy counterpart of the classic gprof tool, for profiling application energy drain.
Effectiveness of Online Education for the Professional Training of Journalists: Students' Distance Learning During the COVID 19 Pandemic
Year: 2020

The necessity to introduce digital technologies in education and in the professional training of journalism students in particular has been widely discussed in the theory and practice of education over the past 20 years From the point of view of both future research and training, it becomes very important to study the development of journalists' professional competencies and professional identity in the online environment  To study the experience of distance learning by students in the faculty of journalism at Lomonosov Moscow State University during the period of restrictive measures in connection with the COVID 19 pandemic (Spring 2020) Design A two stage empirical project studied the opinions of students about distance learning, to identify its effectiveness for the formation of professional competencies and identity In the first stage, a qualitative (investigative) study was conducted on a small sample using semi formalized tools In the second stage, a formal survey was conducted on a representative sample (N 576)  We found that in order to achieve the social, educational, and cognitive presence necessary for effective online education, an important condition is the communication environment and stable communication among all participants: students, professors, and academic departments However, the communicative environment of the traditional training process is not transferred to the online environment in its original form With Internet technologies, it is difficult to provide a strong teaching presence, which is a catalyst for the development of social and cognitive presence and a key component of traditional professional training In the online learning mode, students are overloaded with self study and written assignments, and mastering the necessary professional knowledge, competencies, and skills becomes their own responsibility Not all components of the traditional educational process (types and forms of classes, educational materials, etc remain effective when transferred to the online environment  The formation of professional competencies, as well as the social, cognitive, and behavioral components that determine the further development of professional identity, is difficult in distance education Online learning cannot be regarded as a full fledged alternative to the traditional higher professional education of journalists