nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Secessionist Conflict: A Happy Marriage between Norms and Interests?
Venue: Ethics International Affairs
Year: 2019

As part of a roundtable on "Balancing Legal Norms, Moral Values, and National Interests," this essay argues that the policy field of secessionist conflict is structured around a set of five rival norms. The norms of territorial integrity and self determination form the core of this structure, while the norms of noninterference in internal affairs, human and minority rights, and democracy and good governance each come into play depending on the specific scenario. This configuration permits the parties involved in a secessionist conflict to select from a menu of norms the ones that best suit their interests. Norm selection a concept that I introduce here displays remarkable regularities, indicating default positions for each type of actor: home states, secessionist groups, entrapped minorities, patrons, and the broader international community. However, significant outlier cases signal that interests do not simply trump norms but that actors accord different values to those norms over time. This attribution is influenced by the dynamics of a normative environment in which norms rise and fall. In particular since the end of the Cold War, discourse as well as state practice has shifted away from the traditional taboo on secession toward more revisionist concepts, such as remedial secession or earned sovereignty, providing an opening for the secessionist wave that started with the breakup of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia.
Investeren in de ontwikkeling van sterk leiderschap van zorgprofessionals en zorgteams: Een ontwikkeling naar duurzame inzetbaarheid
Venue: Tijdschrift voor HRM
Year: 2019

Duurzame inzetbaarheid is binnen de gezondheidszorg een urgent onderwerp op de beleidsagenda van politiek en (HR) management. Ziekteverzuim en personeelsverloop nemen toe, terwijl naar verwachting in de toekomst nog meer mensen nodig zijn om de zorg te kunnen blijven garanderen in Nederland. Dit artikel beschrijft een interventieaanpak waarbij medewerkers en teams leren om zelf te sturen op werkplezier en werkvermogen, met als gevolg minder ziekteverzuim en verloop. Vanuit diverse motivatietheorieen beschrijven we zes grondprincipes voor interventie ontwerp die naar verwachting bijdragen aan het versterken van zelfleiderschap van medewerkers en gedeeld leiderschap van teams. We verwachten dat zij hierdoor beter in staat zijn om zelf invloed uit te oefenen op hun eigen werkplezier en werkvermogen en daarmee ook op hun duurzame inzetbaarheid. In 2018 zijn deze grondprincipes toegepast bij een interventieproject binnen Kennemerhart een zorgorganisatie voor verpleeghuis en thuiszorg. We beschrijven de inhoud van de interventies en de kwalitatieve evaluatie van dit project, waarna we afsluiten met conclusies en aanbevelingen voor de praktijk.
Exploring the impacts of change management strategies on organisational performance at a public organisation
Year: 2019

The study explores the impacts of change management strategies on organisational performance at a public organisation. The department underwent strategic change that was informed by findings from a diagnostic report that highlighted key challenges. The main objective of this study was to identify which change management strategies were in place, which factors affect the strategies and how they impact organisational performance. The investigation was quantitative in nature using probability as a sampling method and questionnaires as the indtrument for data collection. The results were analysed according to responses against duration in service and positions as variables. These factors affected organisational performance in various ways.
Labor Market Returns to Student Loans
Year: 2018

This paper studies the labor market returns to a state guaranteed loan (SGL) used to finance university degrees. Using administrative data from Chile and a regression discontinuity design, we show that nine years after high school graduation students who enrolled at a university thanks to the SGL attended it for 5 years, foregoing 3 years of vocational education and accumulating additional 14 thousand dollars in student debt. Strikingly, these students do not benefit in terms wages, employment, type of contract, or type of employer. The low quality of institutions attended by loan users may account for these results.
The Genome of Peronospora belbahrii Reveals High Heterozygosity, a Low Number of Canonical Effectors, and TC Rich Promoters.
Venue: Molecular plant microbe interactions MPMI
Year: 2020

Along with Plasmopara destructor, Peronosopora belbahrii has arguably been the economically most important newly emerging downy mildew pathogen of the past two decades. Originating from Africa, it has started devastating basil production throughout the world, most likely due to the distribution of infested seed material. Here, we present the genome of this pathogen and results from comparisons of its genomic features to other oomycetes. The assembly of the nuclear genome was around 35.4 Mbp in length, with an N50 scaffold length of around 248 kbp and an L50 scaffold count of 46. The circular mitochondrial genome consisted of around 40.1 kbp. From the repeat masked genome, 9,049 protein coding genes were predicted, out of which 335 were predicted to have extracellular functions, representing the smallest secretome so far found in peronosporalean oomycetes. About 16% of the genome consists of repetitive sequences, and, based on simple sequence repeat regions, we provide a set of microsatellites that could be used for population genetic studies of P. belbahrii. P. belbahrii has undergone a high degree of convergent evolution with other obligate parasitic pathogen groups, reflecting its obligate biotrophic lifestyle. Features of its secretome, signaling networks, and promoters are presented, and some patterns are hypothesized to reflect the high degree of host specificity in Peronospora species. In addition, we suggest the presence of additional virulence factors apart from classical effector classes that are promising candidates for future functional studies.
Study on Extreme Risk Measurement of Chinese Soybean Futures Market VaR Based on GARCH Model
Year: 2014

Accurate risk measurement is critical to improve the level of market risk quantitative management. At present the indicator of VaR has been widely applied in the measurement of agricultural market extreme risk. However, the basic application research of VaR estimation techniques is not in depth enough to efficiently estimate the increasingly complicated market risks. This study analyzed summary statistics for the soybean futures market price return, measured its price risk with the VaR method based on GARCH model, and discussed the impacts of residual probability distribution's assumptions of normal distribution, Student t distribution and generalized error distribution on the accuracy of VaR estimation. The results showed that VaR based on GARCH model could better depict the distribution and volatility of soybean futures market return, and to some extent the accuracy of VaR could be improved considering residual's skewness.
Oslo's Misreading of an Honor Shame Culture
Venue: Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs
Year: 2019

In the last quarter of a century, a critical lack of analysis of the honor shame paradigm, with its zero sum tendencies, has plagued the Arab Israeli conflict. As a result of a confluence of intellectual trends (postmodernism/postcolonialism, anti Orientalism, peace anthropology, peace and conflict resolution studies) the role of honor shame motivations in key decisions made throughout this conflict (and others) has been systematically ignored. Indeed, the entire peace process was predicated on the rational, positive sum assumption that if offered the right deal, Palestinians would say yes to a win win solution. As a result of both conceptual and procedural biases, scholars and policymakers seeking peace ignored compelling evidence of zero sum honor concerns among Arab patriarchal elites in which one only wins when the other side demonstrably loses.
Optimising Daily Fantasy Sports Teams with Artificial Intelligence
Venue: Int. J. Comput. Sci. Sport
Year: 2020

This paper outlines a novel approach to optimising teams for Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS) contests. To this end, we propose a number of new models and algorithms to solve the team formation problems posed by DFS. Specifically, we focus on the National Football League (NFL) and predict the performance of real world players to form the optimal fantasy team using mixed integer programming. We test our solutions using real world data sets from across four seasons (2014 2017) We highlight the advantage that can be gained from using our machine based methods and show that our solutions outperform existing benchmarks, turning a profit in up to 81.3% of DFS game weeks over a season.
Can interaction between silicon and non rhizobial bacteria help in improving nodulation and nitrogen fixation in salinity stressed legumes? A review
Year: 2020

Salinity stress adversely affects root nodulation symbiotic relationships, and ultimately the nitrogen fixation capacity and the growth and yield of leguminous plants. Improving growth and biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants grown on salt affected soils are considered to be a striking challenge. Most of the findings reveal that co inoculation of legumes with salt tolerant non rhizobial endophytic/rhizosphere bacteria and rhizobial bacteria is a sustainable solution for boosting nitrogen fixation and the productivity of leguminous plants grown on salt affected soils compared to those formed by a single rhizobial bacterium. In separate studies silicon was also found to boost growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants by various mechanisms under non saline and saline conditions. In this paper we first review the implication of endophytic/rhizosphere non rhizobial nodule bacteria in the plant's resistance to salinity stress. Next we review the implication of silicon biogeochemistry in plant's response to salinity stress. Last, we propose that non rhizobial bacteria mediate the response to salinity together with silicon in mitigating salinity stress. This review mostly focuses on the important role of silicon and beneficial non rhizobial endophytic bacteria during the nodule formation process, accentuating their importance to legume growth promotion under salinity stress. Based on our literature review, non rhizobial bacteria in combination with silicon were often more effective at improving nodulation and nitrogen fixation in salinity stressed legumes than solely inoculated non rhizobial bacteria. We propose the combined use of non rhizobial helper nodule bacteria and silicon together can be a powerful and sustainable strategy to nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legumes under salinity stress conditions, and hence research on the dual use of silicon and non rhizobial bacteria in legumes under salinity stress can be an effective strategy. A better grasp of the interactions between plant silicon and non rhizobial nodule bacteria and plant responses to salinity stress will help implement more effective fertilizer practices under saline conditions.
The Interrelation among Learning Beliefs, Strategies Employed By Non English Majors of under Graduates of Financial University and listening
Year: 2008

This paper focuses on the interrelationship between listening comprehension and listening strategies employed by some non major English colleges. At the beginning of the study, a survey on the students' listening beliefs and strategies was conducted through questionnaires, simultaneously, a listening test was organized. Later a statistical software(SAS8.0) was used to analyze the data. Consequently, data were obtained and showed the interrelationship between them, which can guide the teaching process.
Adaptive Controller Design for a Class of Uncertain Fractional Order Nonlinear Systems: An Adaptive Fuzzy Approach
Venue: Int. J. Fuzzy Syst.
Year: 2018

An adaptive fuzzy controller is designed for uncertain fractional order nonlinear systems in this paper. Fuzzy logic system is utilized to estimate an unknown nonlinear function. By using fractional order Lyapunov stability criterion, an adaptive fuzzy controller, which is valid for both the Caputo fractional order systems and the Riemann Liouville fractional order systems, is constructed. Fuzzy system parameters are updated by fractional order differential equations online, and the boundedness of the parameters can be guaranteed. In stability analysis, quadratic Lyapunov functions are utilized, and some basic results which are useful in the stability analysis of fractional order nonlinear systems are proposed. Finally, simulation results are presented to confirm our results.
Broad electrical tuning of graphene loaded plasmonic antennas.
Venue: Nano letters
Year: 2013

Plasmonic antennas enable the conversion of light from free space into subwavelength volumes and vice versa, which facilitates the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Dynamic control of the properties of antennas is desirable for many applications, including biochemical sensors, reconfigurable meta surfaces and compact optoelectronic devices. The combination of metallic structures and graphene, which has gate voltage dependent optical properties, is emerging as a possible platform for electrically controlled plasmonic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate in situ control of antennas using graphene as an electrically tunable load in the nanoscale antenna gap. In our experiments, we demonstrate electrical tuning of graphene loaded antennas over a broad wavelength range of 650 nm ~140 cm( 1) ~10% of the resonance frequency) in the mid infrared (MIR) region. We propose an equivalent circuit model to quantitatively analyze the tuning behavior of graphene loaded antenna pairs and derive an analytical expression for the tuning range of resonant wavelength. In a separate experiment, we used doubly resonant antenna arrays to achieve MIR optical intensity modulation with maximum modulation depth of more than 30% and bandwidth of 600 nm ~100 cm( 1) 8% of the resonance frequency) This study shows that combining graphene with metallic nanostructures provides a route to electrically tunable optical and optoelectronic devices.
Use of biosurfactants from urban wastes compost in textile dyeing and soil remediation.
Venue: Waste management
Year: 2009

A compost isolated humic acid like (cHAL) material was pointed out in previous work for its potential as auxiliary in chemical technology. Its potential is based on its relatively low 0.4gL( 1) critical micellar concentration (cmc) in water, which enables cHAL to enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic substances, like phenanthrene, when used at higher concentrations than 0.4gL( 1) This material could be obtained from a 1:1 v/v mixture of municipal solid and lignocellulosic wastes composted for 15 days. The compost, containing 69.3% volatile solids, 39.6% total organic C and 21C/N ratio, was extracted for 24h at 65 degrees C under N2 with aqueous 0.1molL( 1) NaOH and 0.1molL( 1) Na4P2O7, and the solution was acidified to separate the precipitated cHAL in 12% yield from soluble carbohydrates and other humic and non humic substances. In this work two typical applications of surfactants, i.e. textile dyeing (TD) and soil remediation by washing (SW) were chosen as grounds for testing the performance of the cHAL biosurfactant against the one of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) which is a well established commercial synthetic surfactant. The TD trials were carried out with nylon 6 microfiber and a water insoluble dye, while the SW tests were performed with two soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for several decades. Performances were rated in the TD experiments based on the fabric colour intensity (DeltaE) and uniformity (sigmaDeltaE) and in the SW experiments based on the total hydrocarbons concentration (CWPAH) and on the residual surfactant (Cre) concentrations in the washing solution equilibrated with the contaminated soils. The results show that both cHAL and SDS exhibit enhanced performance when applied above their cmc values. However, while in the TD case a significant performance effect was observed at the surfactants cmc value, in the SW case the required surfactants concentration values were equivalent to 25 125xcmc for cHAL and to 4 22xcmc for SDS. The vis a vis comparison of the two surfactants gave the following results: in the TD case the cHAL biosurfactant at 0.4gL( 1) yields good colour intensity and equal colour uniformity as SDS at 5gL( 1) in the SW case cHAL was found to enhance CWPAH by a factor of 2 4 relative to SDS with one soil, whereas with the other soil the two surfactants behaved similarly. The Cre data, however, showed that both soils absorbed by far more SDS (68 95% than cHAL (12 54% The results point out intriguing technological and environmental perspectives deriving from the use of compost isolated biosurfactants in the place of synthetic surfactants.
LncRNA MIAT sponges miR 149 5p to inhibit efferocytosis in advanced atherosclerosis through CD47 upregulation
Venue: Cell Death Disease
Year: 2019

Atherosclerotic cardio cerebrovascular disease and death remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Defective efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, is thought to lead to increased inflammation and necrotic core formation in atherosclerotic lesions. However, very little is known about the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) during this process. Here we show that lncRNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) was markedly elevated in the serum of patients with symptoms of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and the macrophages of necrotic cores in an advanced atherosclerosis mouse model. MIAT knockdown attenuated atherosclerosis progression, reduced necrotic core size, and increased plaque stability in vivo. Furthermore, MIAT knockdown promoted clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that MIAT acted as a micro RNA (miRNA) sponge to positively modulate the expression of anti phagocytic molecule CD47 through sponging miR 149 5p. Together, these findings identified a macrophage MIAT/miR 149 5p /CD47 pathway as a key factor in the development of necrotic atherosclerotic plaques.
High Glucose Promotes Tumor Invasion and Increases Metastasis Associated Protein Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase 1 via Reactive Oxygen Species or the TGF b1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Venue: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
Year: 2015

Growing evidence indicates that heme oxygenase 1 (HO 1) is up regulated in malignancies and subsequently alters tumor aggressiveness and various cancer related factors, such as high glucose (HG) levels. HO 1 expression can be induced when glucose concentrations are above 25 mM; however, the role of HO 1 in lung cancer patients with diabetes remains unknown. Therefore, in this study we investigated the promotion of tumor cell invasion and the expression of metastasis associated proteins by inducing the up regulation of HO 1 expression by HG treatment in A549 human lung epithelial cells.  The expression of HO 1and metastasis associated protein expression was explored by western blot analysis. HO 1 enzymatic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and TGF b1 production were examined by ELISA. Invasiveness was analyzed using a Transwell chamber.  HG treatment of A549 cells induced an increase in HO 1 expression, which was mediated by the HG induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transforming growth factor b1 (TGF b1) in a concentration and time dependent manner. Following the increase in HO 1 expression, the enzymatic activity of HO 1 also increased in HG treated cells. Pretreatment with N acetyl L cysteine (NAC) or with phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitors attenuated the HG induced increase in HO 1 expression. HG treatment of A549 cells enhanced the invasion potential of these cells, as shown with a Transwell assay, and increased metastasis associated protein expression. However, HO 1 siRNA transfection significantly decreased these capabilities.  this study is the first to demonstrate that HG treatment of A549 human lung epithelial cells promotes tumor cell invasion and increases metastasis associated protein expression by up regulating HO 1 expression via ROS or the TGF b1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Presence of human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and Epstein Barr virus DNA in oral biopsies from Sudanese patients with regard to toombak use.
Venue: Journal of oral pathology medicine official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
Year: 2010

Using PCR/DNA sequencing, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA in brush biopsies obtained from 150 users of Sudanese snuff (toombak) and 25 non users of toombak in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples obtained from 31 patients with oral dysplasias (25 toombak users and 6 non users) and from 217 patients with oral cancers (145 toombak users and 72 non users) In the brush tissue samples from toombak users, HPV was detected in 60 (40% HSV in 44 (29% and EBV in 97 (65% of the samples. The corresponding figures for the 25 samples from non users were 17 (68% positive for HPV, 6 (24% positive for HSV and 21 (84% for EBV. The formalin fixed samples with oral dysplasias were all negative for HPV. In the 145 oral cancer samples from toombak users, HPV was detected in 39 (27% HSV in 15 (10% and EBV in 53 (37% of the samples. The corresponding figures for the samples from non users were 15 (21% positive for HPV, 5 (7% for HSV and 16 (22% for EBV. These findings illustrate that prevalence of HSV, HPV and EBV infections are common and may influence oral health and cancer development. It is not obvious that cancer risk is increased in infected toombak users. These observations warrant further studies involving toombak associated oral lesions, to uncover the possible mechanisms of these viral infections in the development of oral cancer, and the influence of toombak on these viruses.
Los pueblos indigenas en el buen vivir global, un concepto como herramienta de inclusion de los excluidos
Venue: Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo Iberoamerican journal of development studies
Year: 2019

Los indigenas han sido y siguen siendo en buena parte excluidos de los ambitos mas importantes de la sociedad moderna. No pueden participar adecuadamente en la politica, la economia, la educacion, etc. Esta exclusion esta vinculada al colonialismo y la colonialidad del poder y se manifiesta en el mismo termino de <indigena> El movimiento indigena, especialmente desde los anos setenta, tiene una conciencia clara de esta contradiccion. Aprovecho las categorias opresivas en el sentido de una liberacion colectiva. Lo indigena funciona como mecanismo de inclusion politica que permite que un movimiento local pueda conectarse con otros movimientos, en cuanto que esten vinculados a lo indigena. Y lo indigena se convirtio en vehiculo discursivo de las demandas centrales de los movimientos indigenas a nivel global. En esta contribucion, se va a discutir sobre los efectos internos y externos de la difusion del concepto de buen vivir por el movimiento indigena sobre la base de una discusion mas profunda de los mecanismos de autoinclusion a partir de los movimientos indigenas. El centro de esta discusion sera el enmarcado de las demandas concretas del movimiento indigena; en especial, del movimiento ecuatoriano y sus propuestas economicas, en el concepto de buen vivir.