nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi level anomaly detection algorithm for time varying graph data with interactive visualization
Venue: Social Network Analysis and Mining
Year: 2016

This work presents a modeling and analysis framework for graph sequences which addresses the challenge of detecting and contextualizing anomalies in streaming graph data. Our goal is to detect changes at multiple levels of granularity, thereby identifying specific nodes and subgraphs causing a graph to appear anomalously. In particular, the framework detects changes in community membership, density, and node degree in a sequence of graphs where these are relatively stable. In route to this end, we introduce a new graph model, a generalization of the BTER model of Seshadhri et al. by adding flexibility to community structure, and use this model to perform multi scale graph anomaly detection. This technique provides insight into a graph's structure and internal context that may shed light on a detected event. Additionally, this multi scale analysis facilitates intuitive visualizations by allowing users to narrow focus from an anomalous graph to particular subgraphs or nodes causing the anomaly. For evaluation, two hierarchical anomaly detectors are tested against a baseline Gaussian method on a series of sampled graphs. We demonstrate that our graph statistics based approach outperforms both a distribution based detector and the baseline in a labeled setting with community structure, and it accurately detects anomalies in synthetic and real world datasets at the node, subgraph, and graph levels. To illustrate the accessibility of information made possible via this technique, the anomaly detector and an associated interactive visualization tool are tested on NCAA football data, where teams and conferences that moved within the league are identified with perfect recall, and precision >0.786.
Comparison of methods for AmpC b lactamase detection in Enterobacteriaceae.
Venue: Journal of medical microbiology
Year: 2011

AmpC b lactamases (Bla(AmpC) are an emerging group of antimicrobial resistance determinants. The lack of an agreed Bla(AmpC) detection method hinders investigation of their epidemiology and understanding of their clinical significance. This study compared the sensitivity and specificity of phenotypic methods of Bla(AmpC) detection in a collection of 246 Enterobacteriaceae with a diverse range of b lactam resistance profiles. The Bla(AmpC) screening methods evaluated were based on cephamycin, ceftazidime and cefepime susceptibility. These were compared with Bla(AmpC) screening using conventional ESBL detection methods. The confirmatory methods evaluated were biologically based assays, inhibitor based assays, an AmpC Etest and a rapid chromogenic assay. A multiplex nucleic acid amplification test and the three dimensional enzyme extraction assay were used as reference methods. Bla(AmpC) activity was present in 74 isolates. The majority of the enzymes were plasmid encoded and belonged to the CMY, DHA and EBC families. The screening methods had sensitivities between 47 and 99 and specificities of 45 95 The performance of confirmatory tests varied widely, ranging in sensitivity from 19 to 97 and in specificity from 88 to 100 Only the Tris EDTA and MAST ID D68C disc tests had a sensitivity and a specificity above 90 Further investigation is needed to establish the most suitable enzyme substrates, inhibitor types, inhibitor concentrations and interpretative cut offs in order to refine the inhibitor based methods. A simple disc based protocol using cefoxitin non susceptibility as a screening tool, followed by the Tris EDTA method for confirmation, detects Bla(AmpC) activity with 95 sensitivity and 98 specificity.
Rescaling and Responsibilising the Politics of Urban Resilience: From National Security to Local Place Making
Year: 2013

Drawing on, and integrating, emerging theories and practices of urban resilience, this article charts the emergence and progression of different 'waves' of resilience policy in the UK. Specifically, it argues that changing practices of resilience have emerged both as a function of time, and in relation to a range of changing socio political and economic pressures, which have re articulated the meaning, scale, operational role of, and responsibility for, resilience. The article seeks to critique resilience policy, raising questions about the usefulness of emerging resilience as the central organising concept for depicting how urban systems respond to contemporary and future crises.
Variable inertia training: Optimization of explosive power exercises with robotic resistance strength machines
Year: 2018

Strength training machines with computer adjustable resistance mechanisms can simulate external resistance of different kinds (i.e. gravitational, elastic, and viscous) and magnitude R, and different levels of inertial force (the product of the resistance mass m and its acceleration) Notably, the simulated levels of R and m can be freely adjusted, during movement, independently of each other. In this study, the authors have performed a numerical simulation of exercises for explosive power to analyze the kinematic and kinetic effects of resistances that combine different levels of R and m (i.e. different levels of external resistance and inertial force) A progressive increase in m gradually enhances the peak user's force and reduces the peak acceleration at all resistances R, enhances and shifts later in time the peak power at low resistances, and reduces the mean power at high resistances. The mass m also induces a rate of force development at the beginning of movement in a time frame which becomes progressively longer with higher values of m. Complete lack of mass m would be needed in the final phase of the movement to attain an effective training stimulus for high velocity strength. In light of this evidence, the authors have devised a new training modality for explosive power (the "Variable Inertia Training" with strength machines that use a motor and an electronic management system to simulate mass m variations in response to the kinematic parameters (position, velocity, and acceleration) of movement. This training modality can be designed to closely reproduce the kinematic and kinetic patterns occurring during ballistic or explosive sport movements, such as those occurring during throwing, hitting, rowing, and pushing activities. In addition, it may potentially enable the integrated development of the main neuromuscular components (force, rate of force development, and high velocity strength) that contribute to the expression of explosive power for sports performance.
Nation building and regional integration, c.1800 1914: the role of empires
Year: 2008

This article takes issue with the view that nation states challenged empires in the nineteenth century and ultimately brought about their downfall. Instead it argues that nation states were created by empires. It discusses nationalising strategies of diverse empires in comparative perspective, and focuses on their key elements, including, first, mental mapping of empires, second, the role of elites (both at the centre and at the periphery) third, means of transport and communication as well as the emergence of a public sphere, fourth, migration within and between empires, and, finally, the economic development of empires and their border regions. In conclusion, the article offers some tentative suggestions as to why some empires were more successful than others in nationalising their cores and incorporating diverse peripheries.
Low Temperature H2S Removal from Gas Streams over g FeOOH, g Fe2O3, and a Fe2O3: Effects of the Hydroxyl Group, Defect, and Specific Surface Area
Venue: Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research
Year: 2019

Samples of g FeOOH, g Fe2O3, and a Fe2O3 were prepared by calcining a g FeOOH precursor at selected temperatures and tested for low temperature H2S removal. The prepared materials were characterized by powder X ray diffraction, N2 adsorption desorption measurement, transmission electron microscopy, and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption. The results suggested that the oxygen vacancies, specific surface areas, and surface hydroxyl groups of the iron oxides have significant influence on the desulfurization performance at room temperature. In H2S adsorption experiments, the sample calcined at 250 degC (FE 250) showed the highest performance, reaching 53% of the maximum sulfur capacity, and desulfurization precision at 25 degC.
Uncertainty measurement for interval valued decision systems based on extended conditional entropy
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.
Year: 2012

Uncertainty measures can supply new points of view for analyzing data and help us to disclose the substantive characteristics of data sets. Some uncertainty measures for single valued information systems or single valued decision systems have been developed. However, there are few studies on the uncertainty measurement for interval valued information systems or interval valued decision systems. This paper addresses the uncertainty measurement problem in interval valued decision systems. An extended conditional entropy is proposed in interval valued decision systems based on possible degree between interval values. Consequently, a concept called rough decision entropy is introduced to evaluate the uncertainty of an interval valued decision system. Besides, the original approximation accuracy measure proposed by Pawlak is extended to deal with interval valued decision systems and the concept of interval approximation roughness is presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the rough decision entropy measure and the interval approximation roughness measure are effective and valid for evaluating the uncertainty measurement of interval valued decision systems. Experimental results also indicate that the rough decision entropy measure outperforms the interval approximation roughness measure.
CAN CAPTIONED VIDEO BENEFIT SECOND LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION?
Venue: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
Year: 2020

The present study investigated the potential benefits of extended exposure to captioned videos for second language pronunciation. We tested 90 L2 adult learners of English on speech processing skills (segmentation, speed of lexical access, and sentence processing) and phonological accuracy in perception (ABX discrimination) and production (accentedness ratings) before and after an 8 week treatment consisting of regular exposure to audiovisual materials. Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions involving two viewing modes (captioned or uncaptioned) and two task focus conditions (focus on phonetic form or focus on meaning) Results showed benefits in speech segmentation and speech processing skills irrespective of viewing mode. No significant benefits were found for phonological accuracy in perception. In production, a focus on phonetic form improved pronunciation only in the absence of captions, whereas captioned viewing led to pronunciation gains as long as there was no focus on phonetic form. These findings suggest that pronunciation improvement can take place with the help of captions or, in the absence of captions, when learners' attention is directed to pronunciation. Cognitive overload might explain why no benefits were obtained when attention was directed to pronunciation in a captioned viewing mode.
Gobi: WebAssembly as a Practical Path to Library Sandboxing
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Software based fault isolation (SFI) is a powerful approach to reduce the impact of security vulnerabilities in large C/C+ applications like Firefox and Apache. Unfortunately, practical SFI tools have not been broadly available. Developing SFI toolchains are a significant engineering challenge. Only in recent years have browser vendors invested in building production quality SFI tools like Native Client (NaCl) to sandbox code. Further, without committed support, these tools are not viable, e.g. NaCl has been discontinued, orphaning projects that relied on it. WebAssembly (Wasm) offers a promising solution it can support high performance sandboxing and has been embraced by all major browser vendors thus seems to have a viable future. However, Wasm presently only offers a solution for sandboxing mobile code. Providing SFI for native application, such as C/C+ libraries requires additional steps. To reconcile the different worlds of Wasm on the browser and native platforms, we present Gobi. Gobi is a system of compiler changes and runtime support that can sandbox normal C/C+ libraries with Wasm allowing them to be compiled and linked into native applications. Gobi has been tested on libjpeg, libpng, and zlib. Based on our experience developing Gobi, we conclude with a call to arms to the Wasm community and SFI research community to make Wasm based module sandboxing a first class use case and describe how this can significantly benefit both communities.  This short paper was originally written in January of 2019. Since then, the implementation and design of Gobi has evolved substantially as some of the issues raised in this paper have been addressed by the Wasm community. Nevertheless, several challenges still remain. We have thus left the paper largely intact and only provide a brief update on the state of Wasm tooling as of November 2019 in the last section.
The effects of "phubbing" on social interaction
Year: 2018

This research experimentally investigated the social consequences of "phubbing" the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one's mobile phone. Participants viewed a three minute animation in which they imagined themselves as part of a dyadic conversation. Their communication partner either phubbed them extensively, partially, or not at all. Results revealed that increased phubbing significantly and negatively affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction. These effects were mediated by reduced feelings of belongingness and both positive and negative affect. This research underlines the importance of phubbing as a modern social phenomenon to be further investigated.
An Intronic cis Regulatory Element Is Crucial for the Alpha Tubulin Pl Tuba1a Gene Activation in the Ciliary Band and Animal Pole Neurogenic Domains during Sea Urchin Development
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2017

In sea urchin development, structures derived from neurogenic territory control the swimming and feeding responses of the pluteus as well as the process of metamorphosis. We have previously isolated an alpha tubulin family member of Paracentrotus lividus (Pl Tuba1a, formerly known as Pl Talpha2) that is specifically expressed in the ciliary band and animal pole neurogenic domains of the sea urchin embryo. In order to identify cis regulatory elements controlling its spatio temporal expression, we conducted gene transfer experiments, transgene deletions and site specific mutagenesis. Thus, a genomic region of about 2.6 Kb of Pl Tuba1a, containing four Interspecifically Conserved Regions (ICRs) was identified as responsible for proper gene expression. An enhancer role was ascribed to ICR1 and ICR2, while ICR3 exerted a pivotal role in basal expression, restricting Tuba1a expression to the proper territories of the embryo. Additionally, the mutation of the forkhead box consensus sequence binding site in ICR3 prevented Pl Tuba1a expression.
Forward Bounding on a Pseudo Tree for DCOPs
Year: 2015

Distributed constraint optimization problems (DCOP) are a popular way of representing and solving multi agent coordination problems. Complete search algorithms for solving DCOPs fall into two groups: algorithms that use a pseudo tree (ADOPT  bnb ADOPT  NCBB  and algorithms that do not use one (AFB  ConcFB [11] Each of these groups has different limitations. The algorithms that use a pseudo tree are dependent upon the existence of a good (minimal depth) pseudo tree. However, highly constrained problems tend to have bad trees. On the other hand, non pseudo tree algorithms can fail to take advantage of the possibility of dividing the problem into smaller sub problems, which can boost the performance of the algorithm. A new algorithm, PT SFB, is presented which incorporates a hybrid approach of the two groups, in an attempt to take the best from each one. Every agent identifies when it is possible to divide the remaining problem (given a partial assignment) into smaller sub problems that can be solved independently. When the remaining problem cannot be divided at a given point, a sequential assignment will take place, which outperforms pseudo tree algorithms in these cases. In all cases the proposed algorithm performs forwardbounding. An extensive experimental evaluation is presented, comparing PT SFB to several state of the art algorithms.
A comparison of the use of refractive index (RI) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICP MS) for the provenance establishment of glass bottles
Venue: Forensic science, medicine, and pathology
Year: 2009

The use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICP MS) has been compared with the traditional method of refractive index (RI) measurement for the establishment of the provenance of glass bottles. Using the RI method alone, it is not possible to discriminate between certain glass bottles produced up to 18 days apart from a single manufacturing plant. Furthermore, variations in RI within a single bottle can be large enough to invalidate co provenance establishment using this technique alone. Determination of the trace elemental composition of bottles collected over a 1 month period confirmed that minimal variation of trace metal distribution occurred within individual bottles made during this period. Therefore, the trace element composition of any fragment of glass from a broken bottle may be considered representative of the elemental composition of the entire bottle. In addition, statistical comparison of the distribution of approximately 38 of the 56 analytes that were determined established that it was possible to discriminate between two glass bottles manufactured in the same plant two hours apart. Using this methodology it has been possible to develop an analytical protocol to significantly improve the accurate comparison and provenance establishment of forensic glass evidence.
Influence of the PAA concentration on PAA/NH3 emulsion template method for synthesizing hollow silica nanoparticles
Year: 2018

This paper describes the synthesis mechanism of the hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNPs) with various concentrated poly acrylic acid (PAA) solutions, and the effect of the PAA concentration on the morphology of the HSNPs was investigated. The PAA interacting with ammonium hydroxide (NH3 aq. acts as the template for the silica coating in ethanol, and the template is easily removed by water to obtain the HSNPs. When a low PAA solution 15 mM) was used as the template, the dense silica nanoparticles coexisted with the HSNPs because of the high solubility of the PAA aggregates in the ethanol. As a result, the stable PAA aggregates could be prepared at PAA concentrations from 3 mM to 15 mM. In this range, the HSNPs became smaller and more monodispersed with the decreasing PAA concentration. As a result, the interaction between PAA and NH3 was the most important factor for controlling the HSNP's morphologies.
Multi Band Contourlet Transform For Adaptive Remote Sensing Image Denoising
Venue: Comput. J.
Year: 2020

The ability to remove noise from remote sensing images, while retaining the important features of the images, is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we introduce the multi band contourlet transform, a new method for adaptively denoising remote sensing images. We describe existing methods that use multi resolution analysis transforms for denoising images and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. We then introduce our novel denoising method, which exploits the advantages of existing methods. We summarize the results of a comprehensive set of experiments designed to evaluate the performance of our method and compare it with the performance of existing methods. The results demonstrate that our method is superior to existing methods, both in terms of its ability to denoise images and to retain salient features of those images following denoising.
Del Malleus Maleficarum a los Feminicidios Actuales
Year: 2015

espanolEl Malleus Maleficarum o Martillo de las Brujas (Kramer y Sprenger 1487) es un texto que influencio la vulneracion de los derechos humanos de las mujeres en epocas pasada, escrito con el objetivo de subyugar a aquellas que no encajaban en los estereotipos religiosos o morales del patriarcado imperante, a traves de la tortura, violacion y quema de este genero, lo que sin duda, es uno de los primeros feminicidios documentados. Un analisis de dicho manual, en sus fundamentos filosoficos y teologicos, la tipificacion de los delitos, el estudio de los procedimientos y sanciones, y despues, vamos a describir algunos elementos del concepto femicidio calificandolo efectivamente, como una modalidad de genocidio. Luego realizaremos algunas consideraciones a los tragicos hechos sucedidos en Colombia cuando la senora Maria Berenice Hernandez Martinez fue asesinada, presuntamente, por un grupo de personas de la comunidad que la culparon de ser una bruja. Finalmente, esto nos ayudara a entender los fundamentos historicos del patriarcado como es el sistema legal. EnglishThe Malleus Maleficarum or Hammer of Witches (Kramer y Sprenger 1487) is a text that influenced the violation of human rights of women in the past, written with the aim of subjugating those who did not fit in religious or moral of the prevailing patriarchal stereotypes through torture, rape and burning of the genre, which undoubtedly is one of the first documented femicide. An analysis of that manual, in his philosophical and theological foundations, the crimes, the study of procedures and sanctions, and then we describe some elements of the concept femicide effectively calling as a form of genocide. Later on we will make some considerations to the tragic events in Colombia when Maria Berenice Hernandez Martinez was killed, allegedly by a group of people in the community that blamed her of being a witch. Finally, this will help us understand the historical foundations of patriarchy, such as the legal system.