nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Neural Network Backstepping Control of Fractional Order Nonlinear Systems With Actuator Faults
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Year: 2020

Backstepping control for fractional order nonlinear systems (FONSs) requires the analytic calculation of fractional derivatives of certain complicated stabilizing functions, which becomes prohibitive as the order of the system increases. This article aims to facilitate the adaptive neural network (NN) backstepping control design for FONSs with actuator faults whose parameters and patterns are fully unknown. A fractional filtering approach, which obviates the requirement of analytic fractional differentiation, is used to generate command signals together with their fractional derivatives. Compensated tracking errors that can eliminate approximation errors of command signals are generated by fractional filters. The proposed adaptive NN command filtered backstepping control (ANNCFBC) approach, together with fractional adaptive laws, guarantees not only the boundedness of all involved variables but also the convergence of both the tracking error and the compensated tracking error to a sufficiently small region. Finally, simulation studies are given to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Influence of a Health Related Physical Fitness Model on Students' Physical Activity, Perceived Competence, and Enjoyment
Venue: Perceptual and motor skills
Year: 2013

This study was designed to explore the effects of a health related physical fitness physical education model on students' physical activity, perceived competence, and enjoyment. 61 students (25 boys, 36 girls; M age 12.6 yr. SD 0.6) were assigned to two groups (health related physical fitness physical education group, and traditional physical education group) and participated in one 50 min. weekly basketball class for 6 wk. Students' in class physical activity was assessed using NL 1000 pedometers. The physical subscale of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children was employed to assess perceived competence, and children's enjoyment was measured using the Sport Enjoyment Scale. The findings suggest that students in the intervention group increased their perceived competence, enjoyment, and physical activity over a 6 wk. intervention, while the comparison group simply increased physical activity over time. Children in the intervention group had significantly greater enjoyment.
The Effectiveness of using Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Approach to enhance EFL Student Teachers' Cultural Awareness
Year: 2020

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using the CLIL approach to enhance EFL student teachers' cultural awareness. The study followed the experimental one group design. The participants were 38 third year students enrolled in English Language section, Faculty of Education, Benha University. To identify the most important and required EFL cultural awareness dimensions for the participants, a checklist of EFL cultural awareness was developed and validated by a number of EFL jury members. A pre post EFL cultural awareness test was developed. Students were pre tested, to determine their entry level of EFL cultural awareness. Then, they were trained through the suggested CLIL based program on how to develop their cultural awareness dimensions (knowledge and situations) and trained adequately through its main four phases: processing the text, identification and organization of knowledge, language identification and tasks for students) The test was re administered on the participants to assess the progress in their level of performance in EFL cultural awareness. Findings of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference at 0.01 in the pre post assessment of EFL cultural awareness in favour of the post assessment.
Foundations for a New Science of Learning
Venue: Science
Year: 2009

Dissecting Dyslexia and Learning Difficulties in learning to read, despite reasonable effort and instruction, form the basis of dyslexia. Gabrieli (p. 280; see the cover) now reviews the latest research into the causes of dyslexia. Neuroimaging studies may give early notice of impending dyslexia, and it is hoped that early interventions may lessen the impact of dyslexia. Learning occurs in many settings. Humans uniquely use the formalized settings of schools and curriculum. Infants and children also do plenty of learning outside these settings, often intermingling social interactions. Meltzoff et al. (p. 284) survey the variety of learning contexts that people experience and discuss how recent advances in neuroscience and robotics are driving a new synthesis of learning. Human learning is distinguished by the range and complexity of skills that can be learned and the degree of abstraction that can be achieved compared with those of other species. Homo sapiens is also the only species that has developed formal ways to enhance learning: teachers, schools, and curricula. Human infants have an intense interest in people and their behavior and possess powerful implicit learning mechanisms that are affected by social interaction. Neuroscientists are beginning to understand the brain mechanisms underlying learning and how shared brain systems for perception and action support social learning. Machine learning algorithms are being developed that allow robots and computers to learn autonomously. New insights from many different fields are converging to create a new science of learning that may transform educational practices.
Neural Information Processing: 21st International Conference, ICONIP 2014, Kuching, Malaysia, November 3 6, 2014. Proceedings, Part II
Venue: ICONIP 2014
Year: 2014

This volume is part of the three volume proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2014) which was held in Kuching, Malaysia, during November 3 6, 2014. The ICONIP is an annual conference of the Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly (APNNA) This series of ICONIP conferences has been held annually since 1994 in Seoul and has become one of the leading international conf erences in the area of neural networks.
Demo2Vec: Reasoning Object Affordances from Online Videos
Venue: 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Year: 2018

Watching expert demonstrations is an important way for humans and robots to reason about affordances of unseen objects. In this paper, we consider the problem of reasoning object affordances through the feature embedding of demonstration videos. We design the Demo2Vec model which learns to extract embedded vectors of demonstration videos and predicts the interaction region and the action label on a target image of the same object. We introduce the Online Product Review dataset for Affordance (OPRA) by collecting and labeling diverse YouTube product review videos. Our Demo2Vec model outperforms various recurrent neural network baselines on the collected dataset.
An anti jamming stochastic game for cognitive radio networks
Venue: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Year: 2011

Various spectrum management schemes have been proposed in recent years to improve the spectrum utilization in cognitive radio networks. However, few of them have considered the existence of cognitive attackers who can adapt their attacking strategy to the time varying spectrum environment and the secondary users' strategy. In this paper, we investigate the security mechanism when secondary users are facing the jamming attack, and propose a stochastic game framework for anti jamming defense. At each stage of the game, secondary users observe the spectrum availability, the channel quality, and the attackers' strategy from the status of jammed channels. According to this observation, they will decide how many channels they should reserve for transmitting control and data messages and how to switch between the different channels. Using the minimax Q learning, secondary users can gradually learn the optimal policy, which maximizes the expected sum of discounted payoffs defined as the spectrum efficient throughput. The proposed stationary policy in the anti jamming game is shown to achieve much better performance than the policy obtained from myopic learning, which only maximizes each stage's payoff, and a random defense strategy, since it successfully accommodates the environment dynamics and the strategic behavior of the cognitive attackers.
Allorecognition of HLA C Mismatches by CD8+ T Cells in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Is a Complex Interplay between Mismatched Peptide Binding Region Residues, HLA C Expression, and HLA DPB1 Disparities
Venue: Front. Immunol.
Year: 2016

HLA C locus mismatches (MMs) are the most frequent class I disparities in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and have a detrimental impact on clinical outcome. Recently, a few retrospective clinical studies have reported some variability in the immunogenicity of HLA C incompatibilities. To get better insight into presumably permissive HLA C MMs, we have developed a one way in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay allowing to quantify activated CD56 CD137+CD8+ lymphocytes in HLA C incompatible combinations. T cell mediated alloresponses were correlated with genetic markers such as HLA C mRNA expression and the number of amino acid (aa) MMs in the a1/a2 domains (peptide binding region) Because of the high rate of HLA DPB1 incompatibilities in HLA A B C DRB1 and DQB1 matched unrelated HSCT patient/donor pairs, the impact of HLA DPB1 mismatching, a potential bystander of CD4+ T cell activation, was also considered. Heterogeneous alloresponses were measured in 63 HLA C mismatched pairs with a positive assay in 52% of the combinations (2.3 18.6% activated CTLs) representing 24 different HLA A~B~DRB1~DQB1 haplotypes. There was no correlation between measured alloresponses and mRNA expression of the mismatched HLA C alleles. The HLA C*03:03/03:04 MM did not induce any positive alloresponse in five MLRs. We also identified HLA C*02:02 and HLA C*06:02 as mismatched alleles with lower immunogenicity, and HLA C*14:02 as a more immunogenic MM. A difference of at least 10 aa residues known to impact peptide/T cell receptor (TCR) binding and a bystander HLA DPB1 incompatibility had a significant impact on CTL alloreactivity (p 0.021) The same HLA C MM, when recognized by two different responders with the same HLA haplotypes, was recognized differently, emphasizing the role of the T cell repertoire of responding cells. In conclusion, mismatched HLA C alleles differing by 10 or more aas in the peptide/TCR binding region, when occurring together with HLA DPB1 incompatibilities, should be considered as high risk MMs in unrelated HSCT.
Separation between Second Price Auctions with Personalized Reserves and the Revenue Optimal Auction
Venue: Oper. Res. Lett.
Year: 2020

What fraction of the single item $n$ buyers setting's expected optimal revenue MyeRev can the second price auction with reserves achieve? In the special case where the buyers' valuation distributions are all drawn i.i.d. and the distributions satisfy the regularity condition, the second price auction with an anonymous reserve (ASP) is the optimal auction itself. As the setting gets more complex, there are established upper bounds on the fraction of MyeRev that ASP can achieve. On the contrary, no such upper bounds are known for the fraction of MyeRev achievable by the second price auction with eager personalized reserves (ESP) In particular, no separation was earlier known between ESP's revenue and MyeRev even in the most general setting of non identical product distributions that don't satisfy the regularity condition. In this paper we establish the first separation results for ESP: we show that even in the case of distributions drawn i.i.d. but not necessarily satisfying the regularity condition, the ESP cannot achieve more than a $0.778$ fraction of MyeRev in general. Combined with Correa et al.'s result (EC 2017) that ESP can achieve at least a $0.745$ fraction of MyeRev, this nearly bridges the gap between upper and lower bounds on ESP's approximation factor.
Influence of environmental, social and behavioural variables on the whistling of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Venue: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Year: 2019

Bottlenose dolphin communication has been studied extensively. Nevertheless, the combined effect of several variables on whistle structure has yet to be clearly understood. Here, we investigated the influence of underwater noise, boat presence, behaviour, group size and calf presence on the whistles of a small population of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Surface behaviour and acoustic data were collected in Sardinia (Italy Western Mediterranean Sea) between 2015 and 2017. Whistle frequency parameters (minimum, maximum, start, end frequencies and frequency range) duration, number of inflection points and number of harmonics were correlated with the ambient noise levels recorded prior to the whistle display and to behavioural and social factors by means of GAM models. Whistle frequencies varied as a function of the interaction between noise and boat presence, mainly when the noise increased at lower frequencies. Dolphin whistles also varied according to group size, which was further affected by the presence of calves, and behaviours characterised by high levels of arousal such as feeding. The study provides sufficient evidence to support that multiple factors need to be considered when investigating whistle structure as the species is capable of adopting different strategies depending on environmental, social and behavioural context. Finally, this data indicates that communication within a small population of bottlenose dolphins is vulnerable to acoustic pollution, thereby highlighting the need for further investigation into the effects of different noises on whistle structure, as well as the consistency of patterns across different populations. Exploring a dolphin's ability to adapt its communication to environmental context is crucial to understanding the consequences of ocean noise increase, especially in highly anthroposised areas such as the Mediterranean Sea. This is one of the few studies that investigate how noise and boat traffic affect bottlenose dolphin whistles whilst considering the concomitant effect of other variables such as behaviour, group size and composition. We demonstrated that dolphins vary their whistles as a function of increasing noise and boat presence, group size and calf presence, and during specific behaviour which requires intense contact between individuals. Finally, the results showed that other variables should be considered to fully understand those which influence whistle structure and adaptability.
Multiple Arousal Theory and Daily Life Electrodermal Activity Asymmetry
Year: 2016

Using "big data" from sensors worn continuously outside the lab, researchers have observed patterns of objective physiology that challenge some of the long standing theoretical concepts of emotion and its measurement. One challenge is that emotional arousal, when measured as sympathetic nervous system activation through electrodermal activity, can sometimes differ significantly across the two halves of the upper body. We show that traditional measures on only one side may lead to misjudgment of arousal. This article presents daily life and controlled study data, as well as existing evidence from neuroscience, supporting the influence of multiple emotional substrates in the brain causing innervation on different sides of the body. We describe how a theory of multiple arousals explains the asymmetric EDA findings.
Unpaired Low Dose CT Denoising Network Based on Cycle Consistent Generative Adversarial Network with Prior Image Information
Venue: Comput. Math. Methods Medicine
Year: 2019

The widespread application of X ray computed tomography (CT) in clinical diagnosis has led to increasing public concern regarding excessive radiation dose administered to patients. However, reducing the radiation dose will inevitably cause server noise and affect radiologists' judgment and confidence. Hence, progressive low dose CT (LDCT) image reconstruction methods must be developed to improve image quality. Over the past two years, deep learning based approaches have shown impressive performance in noise reduction for LDCT images. Most existing deep learning based approaches usually require the paired training dataset which the LDCT images correspond to the normal dose CT (NDCT) images one to one, but the acquisition of well paired datasets requires multiple scans, resulting the increase of radiation dose. Therefore, well paired datasets are not readily available. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes an unpaired LDCT image denoising network based on cycle generative adversarial networks (CycleGAN) with prior image information which does not require a one to one training dataset. In this method, cyclic loss, an important trick in unpaired image to image translation, promises to map the distribution from LDCT to NDCT by using unpaired training data. Furthermore, to guarantee the accurate correspondence of the image content between the output and NDCT, the prior information obtained from the result preprocessed using the LDCT image is integrated into the network to supervise the generation of content. Given the map of distribution through the cyclic loss and the supervision of content through the prior image loss, our proposed method can not only reduce the image noise but also retain critical information. Real data experiments were carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) improves by more than 3 dB, and the structural similarity (SSIM) increases when compared with the original CycleGAN without prior information. The real LDCT data experiment demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method according to both visual inspection and quantitative evaluation.
South Korea's Corruption in the Context of Chaebol's and Crony Capitalism
Year: 2018

The corruption in South Korea is a big obstacle for the democratic development of Korea. The Govt of South Korea, over years, has been struggling to abolish the corruption in their country with very limited success. The main reason of this is a weakness of public officials that they receive as a social gift rather than bribing like it's a stereotype Corruption is associated with lobbying and there is no any prevention acts in South Korea. Different markers of corruption demonstrate that South Korea has been generally fruitful in controlling of defilement, contrasted with other Asian nations, in spite of the fact that the nation's execution is still beneath OECD norms. Specifically, the level of insignificant bureaucratic corruption is among the worst in Asia, alongside Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore as per Transparency International's Global Corruption Barometer overviews.
Understanding Myths in Pregnancy and Childbirth and the Potential Adverse Consequences: A Systematic Review
Venue: The Malaysian journal of medical sciences MJMS
Year: 2019

The trend of choosing natural birth at home without proper supervision is gaining more attention and popularity in Malaysia. This is partly due to wrong beliefs of modern medical care. It prompts the need to explore further into other myths and wrong beliefs present in communities around the world surrounding pregnancy and childbirth that may lead to harmful consequences. A total of 25 literatures were selected and reviewed. The most reported wrong belief is the eating behaviour such as avoiding certain nutritious fruits besides eating saffron to produce fairer skinned babies which in fact contains high doses of saffron that may lead to miscarriage. The most worrying myth however, is that unregulated birth attendants such as doulas have the necessary knowledge and skills to manage complications in labour which may well end up in perinatal or even maternal death. Other myths suggested that modern medical care such as vaginal examinations and baby's heart monitoring in labour as unnecessary. A well enforced health education programme by well trained healthcare personnel besides sufficient number of antenatal care visits are needed to overcome these myths, wrong beliefs and practices. In conclusion, potential harmful beliefs and practices in pregnancy and childbirth are still abound in today's communities, not just in least developed and developing countries but also in developed countries. Women and children are two very vulnerable groups, therefore debunking myths and eliminating harmful practices should be one of a healthcare provider priority especially those in the primary care settings as they are the closest to the community.
Molecular biomarkers of prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Year: 2013

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma represents an important cause of cancerrelated death. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the sec ond most common type of head and neck malignancies, with a total of 12,000 new cases diagnosed yearly in the United States. The clinical value of several molecules as molecular biomarkers for prognosis of laryn geal squamous cell carcinoma as well as for monitoring the response of laryngeal squamous cell carci noma patients to treatment is high. This review summarises the clinical importance of tumour protein p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, marker of proliferation Ki67, cyclins, cyclindependent kinase 4, inhibitors of cyclindependent kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor A and its receptor, Bcell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein family members, kal likreinrelated peptidase 11, 3,4di hydroxylphenylalanine decarbox ylase and microRNAs.  Deregulation of protein or mRNA expression of these genes in laryn geal squamous cell carcinoma com pared to benign laryngeal tumours, dysplasias, or normal tissues of the larynx suggests that these potential molecular biomarkers merit further validation owing to their impor tant prognostic value in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treatment.
Estimates of the impact of COVID 19 on global poverty
Year: 2020

In this paper we make estimates of the potential short term economic impact of COVID 19 on global monetary poverty through contractions in per capita household income or consumption. Our estimates are based on three scenarios: low, medium, and high global contractions of 5, 10, and 20 per cent; we calculate the impact of each of these scenarios on the poverty headcount using the international poverty lines of US$1.90, US$3.20 and US$5.50 per day.
The Textbook Case for Industrial Policy: Theory Meets Data
Year: 2019

The textbook case for industrial policy is well understood. If some sectors are subject to external economies of scale, whereas others are not, a government should subsidize the first group of sectors at the expense of the second. The empirical relevance of this argument, however, remains unclear. In this paper we develop a strategy to estimate sector level economies of scale and evaluate the gains from such policy interventions in an open economy. Our benchmark results point towards significant and heterogeneous economies of scale across manufacturing sectors, but only modest gains from industrial policy, below 1% of GDP on average. Though these gains can be larger in some of the alternative environments that we consider, they are always smaller than the gains from optimal trade policy.