nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The improbable war China, the United States and the continuing logic of great power conflict
Year: 2015

The Improbable War explains why conflict between the USA and China cannot be ruled out. In 1914 war between the Great Powers was considered unlikely, yet it happened. We learn only from history, and popular though the First World War analogy is, the lessons we draw from its outbreak are usually mistaken. Among these errors is the tendency to over estimate human rationality. All major conflicts of the past 300 years have been about the norms and rules of the international system. In China and the US the world confronts two 'exceptional' powers whose values differ markedly, with China bidding to challenge the current order. The 'Thucydidean Trap' when a conservative status quo power confronts a rising new one may also play its part in precipitating hostilities. To avoid stumbling into an avoidable war both Beijing and Washington need a coherent strategy, which neither of them has. History also reveals that war evolves continually. The next global conflict is likely to be played out in cyberspace and outer space and like all previous wars it will have devastating consequences.Such a war between the United States and China may seem improbable, but it is all too possible, which is why we need to discuss it now.
First line gefitinib in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer harboring somatic EGFR mutations.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Year: 2008

Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlate with increased response in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) The multicenter iTARGET trial prospectively examined first line gefitinib in advanced NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations and explored the significance of EGFR mutation subtypes and TKI resistance mechanisms.  Chemotherapy naive patients with advanced NSCLC with >or= 1 clinical characteristic associated with EGFR mutations underwent direct DNA sequencing of tumor tissue EGFR exons 18 to 21. Patients found to harbor any EGFR mutation were treated with gefitinib 250 mg/d until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary outcome was response rate.  Ninety eight patients underwent EGFR screening and mutations were detected in 34 (35% EGFR mutations were primarily exon 19 deletions (53% and L858R (26% though 21% of mutation positive cases had less common subtypes including exon 20 insertions, T790M/L858R, G719A, and L861Q. Thirty one patients received gefitinib. The response rate was 55% (95% CI, 33 to 70) and median progression free survival was 9.2 months (95% CI, 6.2 to 11.8) Therapy was well tolerated; 13% of patients had grade 3 toxicities including one grade 3 pneumonitis. Two patients with classic activating mutations exhibited de novo gefitinib resistance and had concurrent genetic anomalies usually associated with acquired TKI resistance, specifically the T790M EGFR mutation and MET amplification.  First line therapy with gefitinib administered in a genotype directed fashion to patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations results in very favorable clinical outcomes with good tolerance. This strategy should be compared with combination chemotherapy, the current standard of care.
Recycling Ladle Furnace Slag as Flux in Steelmaking: A Review
Venue: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Year: 2019

The use of synthetic fluxes in secondary steelmaking not only improves the properties of top slag and steel quality but also increases the production cost. Ladle furnace (LF) slag can be used as a replacement to synthetic fluxes owing to its chemical and mineralogical compositions. Valorization of LF slag helps in sustainable steelmaking and also reduces steel production cost. In spite of beneficial composition, valorization of LF slag is difficult due to its disintegration phenomenon. The present paper reviews on the importance of ladle flux usage, various methods available to prevent disintegration of LF slags, and possibilities to recycle LF slags as a flux in the steelmaking. The paper helps steel plant operators to select a suitable option for recycling LF slags as a flux in steelmaking.
Do we really know what makes us happy A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well being
Year: 2008

There is increasing interest in the "economics of happiness" reflected by the number of articles that are appearing in mainstream economics journals that consider subjective well being (SWB) and its determinants. This paper provides a detailed review of this literature. It focuses on papers that have been published in economics journals since 1990, as well as some key reviews in psychology and important unpublished working papers. The evidence suggests that poor health, separation, unemployment and lack of social contact are all strongly negatively associated with SWB. However, the review highlights a range of problems in drawing firm conclusions about the causes of SWB; these include some contradictory evidence, concerns over the impact on the findings of potentially unobserved variables and the lack of certainty on the direction of causality. We should be able to address some of these problems as more panel data become available.
Temperature Tunable Narrow Band Terahertz Metasurface Absorber Based on InSb Micro Cylinder Arrays for Enhanced Sensing Application
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

A narrow band metasurface absorber (MSA) based on InSb micro cylinder arrays has been proposed and investigated numerically, which could be believed to be applicable for both temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing in terahertz (THz) region. Distinct from previous designs, the proposed narrow band MSA is only consisted of a sub wavelength periodic micro cylinder array based on the InSb material possessing an extremely thermosensitive relative permittivity which varies with the external environment temperature, and a gold ground plane deposited on a glass substrate. Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed MSA can achieve an absorbance of 99.9% at 1.8985 THz and the corresponding Q factor is about 120.9 at room temperature (300 K) It is inferred that the narrow band perfect absorption of the MSA could be contributed to the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance mode excitation. Furthermore, the absorption property of the designed MSA is found to be highly sensitive to the RI value variations of the surrounding mediums and fluctuations of external environment temperature. Thus, the proposed MSA can be not only operated as a temperature sensor with a sensitivity of 2.13 GHz/K, but also a RI sensor with a sensitivity of 960 GHz/RIU (refractive index unit) Due to its high sensing performance, it can be believed that the narrow band MSA has great potential applications in chemical, biological or other optoelectronic related areas.
Remote Sensing Signature Classification of Agriculture Detection Using Deep Convolution Network Models
Venue: ICML 2020
Year: 2020

Categorical signature classification plays a vital role in environmental monitoring, disaster response, etc. In view of Geographical expansions, manual identification of the object is time consuming and task of classification is difficult owing to limited trained images. Conventional categorical signature classification using Machine learning techniques requires higher level of abstract features. Deep learning is a successful technique that is widely used in extracting minute level multiple features of the object representation for automatic learning of the data representation. In this paper, performance analysis of the state of the art eight pre trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) networks (Alexnet, Resnet34, Resnet 50, Resnet 101 Resnet 152, VGG 16, VGG 19 and Densenet 121) are tested for the benchmarked datasets (UC Merced and EUROSAT Datasets) Common signature between the datasets like Agriculture, Residential, River and salt lake is considered with the objective of search of the agriculture in an area composed of residential, river and lake. It is concluded from the results that the use of more number of images to train for the search of particular dataset and the use of shallow CNN network increase the accuracy, precision, recall and F Score, closer to unity (one) Densenet 121 performs better when compared to other CNN networks for both the datasets with an accuracy of 99.67% (EUROSAT) and 97.05% (UC Merced) respectively. Hence, Densenet 121 is recommended for the search of the particular object in a remote sensed scene and classification into respective labels.
Cultural Adaptation of the Immigrants and the Community Integration An Elaboration of Visits to A Yugur Immigrant Community in Huangtupo Village and Shuanghaizi Village of Su'nan County
Year: 2007

In recent years, ecological immigrant is an important measure taken to solve environmental problems and promote the development of the minority communities in Su'nan County. In this paper, the author based on on the spot investigation of immigrants community, tried to make a systematic analysis of the process of immigrants, cultural adaptation of immigrants and community integration, and make some prospects.
The relevance of corporate social responsibility for a sustainable human resource management: An analysis of organizational attractiveness as a determinant in employees' selection of a (potential) employer
Year: 2012

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a central issue of business management in recent years. This study aims to add to the literature by pointing out the relevance of CSR for a Sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM) In particular this research investigates job seekers' perceptions of CSR. The paper focuses on the importance of CSR with in the process of selecting potential employers by analyzing the impact of four different CSR dimensions upon organizational attractiveness. To address this issue, a policy capturing study was conducted. Generally the paper provides evidence that each aspect of CSR has a specific effect on organizational attraction. Referring to Sustainable Management the study reveals that CSR seems to be an effective tool to attract potential employees. If organizations are willing to provide Sustainable HRM practices they can become an employer of choice.
Recommendations for Donor HLA Assessment and Matching for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Consensus Opinion of the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network BMT CTN
Year: 2014

The Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network conducts large, multi institutional clinical trials with the goal of improving the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with life threatening disorders. Well designed HCT trials benefit from standardized criteria for defining diagnoses, treatment plans and graft source selection. In this perspective, we summarize evidence supporting criteria for the selection of related and unrelated adult volunteer progenitor cell donors or umbilical cord blood units. These standardized criteria for graft source selection have been adopted by the BMT CTN to enhance the interpretation of clinical findings within and among future clinical protocols.
SMAD2 disruption in mouse pancreatic beta cells leads to islet hyperplasia and impaired insulin secretion due to the attenuation of ATP sensitive K+ channel activity
Venue: Diabetologia
Year: 2013

hypothesisThe TGF b superfamily of ligands provides important signals for the development of pancreas islets. However, it is not yet known whether the TGF b family signalling pathway is required for essential islet functions in the adult pancreas.MethodsTo identify distinct roles for the downstream components of the canonical TGF b signalling pathway, a Cre loxP system was used to disrupt SMAD2, an intracellular transducer of TGF b signals, in pancreatic beta cells (i.e. Smad2b knockout [KO] mice) The activity of ATP sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) was recorded in mutant beta cells using patch clamp techniques.ResultsThe Smad2bKO mice exhibited defective insulin secretion in response to glucose and overt diabetes. Interestingly, disruption of SMAD2 in beta cells was associated with a striking islet hyperplasia and increased pancreatic insulin content, together with defective glucose responsive insulin secretion. The activity of KATP channels was decreased in mutant beta cells. results suggest that in the adult pancreas, TGF b signalling through SMAD2 is crucial for not only the determination of beta cell mass but also the maintenance of defining features of mature pancreatic beta cells, and that this involves modulation of KATP channel activity.
Multi domain Transfer Learning for Text Classification
Venue: NLPCC
Year: 2020

Leveraging data from multiple related domains to enhance the model generalization performance is critical for transfer learning in text classification. However, most existing approaches try to separate the features into shared and private spaces regardless of correlations between domains, resulting in the inadequate features sharing among certain most related domains. In this paper, we propose a generic dual channels multi task learning framework for multi domain text classification, which can capture global shared, local shared, and private features simultaneously. Our novel framework incorporates Adversarial network and Mixture of experts into a neural network for multi domain text classification, which is very useful for sharing more features among domains. The extensive experiments on the real world text classification data sets across 16 domains demonstrate our proposed approach achieves better results than five state of the art techniques.
"One of our hosts in another country" Challenges of data geolocation in cloud storage
Venue: 2014 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace Electronic Systems (VITAE)
Year: 2014

Physical location of data in cloud storage is an increasingly urgent problem. In a short time, it has evolved from the concern of a few regulated businesses to an important consideration for many cloud storage users. One of the characteristics of cloud storage is fluid transfer of data both within and among the data centres of a cloud provider. However, this has weakened the guarantees with respect to control over data replicas, protection of data in transit and physical location of data. This paper addresses the lack of reliable solutions for data placement control in cloud storage systems. We analyse the currently available solutions and identify their shortcomings. Furthermore, we describe a high level architecture for a trusted, geolocation based mechanism for data placement control in distributed cloud storage systems, which are the basis of an on going work to define the detailed protocol and a prototype of such a solution. This mechanism aims to provide granular control over the capabilities of tenants to access data placed on geographically dispersed storage units comprising the cloud storage.
Are Cocaine Seeking "Habits" Necessary for the Development of Addiction Like Behavior in Rats?
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Year: 2018

Drug self administration models of addiction typically require animals to make the same response (e.g. a lever press or nose poke) over and over to procure and take drugs. By their design, such procedures often produce behavior controlled by stimulus response (S R) habits. This has supported the notion of addiction as a "drug habit," and has led to considerable advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of such behavior. However, to procure such drugs as cocaine, addicts often require considerable ingenuity and flexibility in seeking behavior, which, by definition, precludes the development of habits. To better model drug seeking behavior in addicts, we first developed a novel cocaine self administration procedure [puzzle self administration procedure (PSAP) that required rats to solve a new puzzle every day to gain access to cocaine, which they then self administered on an intermittent access (IntA) schedule. Such daily problem solving precluded the development of S R seeking habits. We then asked whether prolonged PSAP/IntA experience would nevertheless produce "symptoms of addiction." It did, including escalation of intake, sensitized motivation for drug, continued drug use in the face of adverse consequences, and very robust cue induced reinstatement of drug seeking, especially in a subset of "addiction prone" rats. Furthermore, drug seeking behavior continued to require dopamine neurotransmission in the core of the nucleus accumbens (but not the dorsolateral striatum) We conclude that the development of S R seeking habits is not necessary for the development of cocaine addiction like behavior in rats.  Substance use disorders are often characterized as "habitual" behaviors aimed at obtaining and administering drugs. Although the actions involved in consuming drugs may involve a rigid repertoire of habitual behaviors, evidence suggests that addicts must be very creative and flexible when trying to procure drugs, and thus drug seeking cannot be governed by habit alone. We modeled flexible drug seeking behavior in rats by requiring animals to solve daily puzzles to gain access to cocaine. We find that habitual drug seeking isn't necessary for the development of addiction like behavior, and that our procedure doesn't result in transfer of dopaminergic control from the ventral to dorsal striatum. This approach may prove useful in studying changes in neuropsychological function that promote the transition to addiction.
Waste to energy: the effects of Pseudomonas sp. on Chlorella sorokiniana biomass and lipid productions in palm oil mill effluent
Venue: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
Year: 2018

Microalgae are recognised as promising feedstock for biofuel production. The feasibility in commercial scale microalgae cultivation could be enhanced by incorporating palm oil mill effluent (POME) as culture medium, for greater biomass growth and lipid production, together with POME bioremediation. The polluting POME is generated massively in Malaysia. POME contains high concentrations of carbon and nutrients, thus it is suitable to be applied for microalgae cultivation. The approach on waste to energy should be advanced. We studied the effects of applying Pseudomonas sp. on Chlorella sorokiniana CY 1 cultivation in POME. Pseudomonas sp. was found effective in POME decolourisation prior to C. sorokiniana CY 1 cultivation. Yet, microalgae biomass and lipid productions were higher in the non decolourised POME. Pseudomonas sp. was as well being co cultivated with C. sorokiniana CY 1 in ratios of microalgae versus bacteria of 1:1; 2:1 and 1:2. Biomass of 2.04 g L 1 and biomass productivity of 185.71 mg L 1 d 1 were attained in ratio of 1:1. Interestingly, the lipid content exhibited was excellent (16.04% and about twofold higher than other ratios and the control (without bacteria) Fatty acids compositions were dominated by C16:0 (32.49% C18:1 (24.06% and C18:2 (20.28% which were desirable fatty acids for biodiesel production. Effective POME bioremediation achieved with chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal of 53.7, 55.6 and 77.3% respectively. Co cultivation of microalgae and bacteria can be applied in the POME treatment plant. This allows satisfactory biomass and excellent lipid yields for biofuel production, as well as effective wastewater bioremediation.
The Effect of Multi Media Instructional Design based on Sweller's Theory on Reducing Cognitive Load and Developing Scientific Concepts among Deaf Primary Students
Year: 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of instructional design of multi media on reducing cognitive load and the development of scientific concepts among primary school deaf students. It combined the descriptive and quasi experimental design using an extension of pre test and post test experimental control group design with three groups: an experimental group that was taught the "solar system, stars and galaxies" modules using multimedia software based on the principles of cognitive load theory; a second experimental group was taught the same content using multimedia software but was not based on the principles of cognitive load theory; and a control group that was taught via the textbook. The study sample consisting of 48 male and female deaf students was selected from Al Amal Institutes at Jeddah, Madinah, and Tabuk. The study used two instruments: scientific concepts test and NASA TLX scale of cognitive load. The results revealed that the first experimental group outperformed the second and control group students on both measures. However, there was no significant difference between the second experimental and control groups. It is recommended that Sweller's theory and multimedia be used to design curriculum of science to deaf students.
Migration and Interworking between 4G and 5G
Venue: 2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF)
Year: 2020

The introduction of 5G provides an opportunity for mobile operators to build, integrate, and upgrade existing infrastructure to enrich their existing services and enable new business use cases. Mobile operators want to leverage their existing infrastructures as much as possible so that cost of deploying a new network is optimal and it continues to provide existing services with seamless interworking. The main goal of this paper is to provide system architecture and methods for interworking and migration between 4G and 5G mobile technologies. Some of the key challenges faced in rolling out 5G are: (a) ability to serve 4G, 5G Non standalone (NSA) and standalone (SA) subscribers, (b) integration of new 5G radio without overloading existing network, (c) enabling 5G devices with new applications and enhanced quality of service (QoS) and (d) introducing network slicing to enrich 5G experience. This paper identifies different interworking scenarios, associated challenges, and addresses possible solutions. In summary, mobile service provider must define their transformation journey based on what 3G/4G network they have, what new services need to be enabled, and then develop 5G architecture with smooth integration.
Robust Incentives for Teams*
Year: 2017

This paper considers team incentive schemes that are robust to nonquantifiable uncertainty about the game played by the agents. A principal designs a contract for a team of agents, each taking an unobservable action that jointly determine a stochastic contractible outcome. The game is common knowledge among the agents, but the principal only knows some of the available action profiles. Realizing that the game may be bigger than he thinks, the principal evaluates contracts based on their guaranteed performance across all games consistent with his knowledge. All parties are risk neutral and the agents are protected by limited liability. A contract is said to align the agents' interests if each agent's compensation covaries positively and linearly with the other agents' compensation. It is shown that contracts that fail to do so are dominated by those that do, both in terms of the surplus guarantee under budget balance, and in terms of the principal's profit guarantee when he is the residual claimant. It thus suffices to base compensation on a one dimensional aggregate even if richer outcome measures are available. The best guarantee for either objective is achieved by a contract linear in the monetary value of the outcome. This provides a foundation for practices such as team based pay and profit sharing in partnership.