nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Eyewitness Identifications and State Courts as Guardians Against Wrongful Conviction
Year: 2010

Despite a growing awareness that mistaken eyewitness identifications contribute significantly to wrongful convictions, most courts continue to apply federal due process criteria for admissibility of eyewitness identification that has proved useless in protect against the use of highly unreliable evidence. In response, this Article reviews the path breaking decisions of several State Supreme Courts that have blazed their own trail. It explores the issues that courts have addressed, the rules they have devised, and the legal grounds for their decisions, and from this, concludes that State Supreme Courts can implement appropriate criteria that would in fact promote accuracy and fairness in the use of eyewitness identification.Part I briefly outlines and critiques the Supreme Court's jurisprudence on eyewitness identifications and due process. It treads on ground well worn by scholars who have for decades decried the Court's failure to provide a due process test that would protect against the use of unreliable identification evidence. Part II explores the role that State appellate courts can play in developing a jurisprudence of eyewitness identification evidence that meaningfully incorporates social science research and carefully balances the interests of law enforcement and the accused. Finally, because of the superior role that judges have in protecting both constitutional and civil rights as well as the integrity of the administration of criminal justice, the article concludes that it is incumbent on State Supreme Courts to show leadership in developing solutions to the problems that plague this area Accordingly, Part III argues that State Supreme Courts are well suited to take an active part in the "laboratory" model of criminal justice that characterizes our federalist system.
AHAC: Actor Hierarchical Attention Critic for Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning
Venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)
Year: 2020

Deep reinforcement learning has made significant progress in multi agent tasks in recent years. However, most previous studies focus on solving full cooperative tasks, which do not perform well in mixed tasks. In mixed tasks, the agent needs to comprehensively consider the information provided by friends and enemies to learn its strategy, and its strategy is sensitive to the received information. There is a great necessity to efficiently learn information representation for mixed tasks. To this end, we present an approach that conducts information representation learning for multiple agents using hierarchical attention mechanism. Our approach adopts the framework of centralized training and decentralized execution. It applies hierarchical attention to centrally computed critics, so critics process the received information more accurately and assist actors to choose better actions. The hierarchical attention critic uses two different attention levels, the agent level and the group level, to assign different weights to information of friends and enemies respectively and then summarize them at each time step. It can achieve more effective and scalable learning in mixed tasks. In addition, our approach uses recurrent neural networks that process sequence input information more efficiently. Experimental results show that our approach is not only applicable to cooperative environments but also better in mixed environments. Especially in the predator prey task, our approach receives twice as much reward as baselines.
VIOLENCIA SIMBOLICA, ESTRATIFICACAO SOCIAL E LITERATURA: A RELACAO ORDEM/DESORDEM EM "DEDO DURO" DE JOAO ANTONIO
Year: 2019

No "Corpo a corpo com a vida" (1975) considerado o manifesto de sua literatura, Joao Antonio exalta a necessidade de nossas obras lidarem com o povo e com o fato social brasileiro. Para ele, a literatura brasileira deveria tratar do levante e da melhoria desse povo, sendo este o seu principal motivo de ser. Partindo deste pressuposto, analisamos o conto "Dedo duro" (1982) pretendendo demonstrar, segundo as premissas expostas por Jesse Souza (2009) na primeira e na segunda historia do texto (PIGLIA, 2004) uma possivel manifestacao da violencia simbolica que afeta e estratifica nossas classes sociais. Argumentamos que se aplicarmos uma releitura dos conceitos de ordem e desordem (CANDIDO, 1970) seremos capazes de enxergar, no texto literario, a manifestacao dessa violencia simbolica em atuacao para definir a posicao social das personagens; e, analogicamente, tambem a de suas representantes na vida fora dos livros. Essa pratica, se comprovada, torna interno um elemento que, externo ao texto, permite que a sociedade brasileira continue organizada segundo a logica social que ajuda a explicar a manutencao da desigualdade social brasileira. Essa logica, uma vez interna a obra, atua no texto e em sua organizacao estetica, fazendo do movimento entre ordem e desordem social sua caracteristica principal.
The Constitution and federalism
Year: 2011

Some men look at constitutions with sanctimonious reverence, and deem them like the ark of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. They ascribe to the men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment. I am certainly not an advocate for frequent and untried changes in laws and constitutions. But I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. We might as well require a man to wear still the coat which fitted him when a boy, as civilized society to remain ever under the regiment of their barbarous ancestors. Thomas Jefferson (1816)
Sustainable Wheat Production and Food Security of Domestic Wheat in Tajikistan: Implications of Seed Health and Protein Quality
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
Year: 2021

Staple crop yield, quality and sustainable production are critical for domestic food security in developing countries. In Tajikistan, both seed borne diseases and protein quality impair the yield and the quality of the major staple crop, wheat. Here, we used a detailed two year survey of fields on 21 wheat producing farms in Tajikistan, combined with lab analyses on seed health and protein quality, to investigate the presence of seed borne diseases and bread making quality in Tajik wheat. Seed samples were collected for the analysis of: (i) the presence of common bunt (Tilletia spp. using the centrifuge wash test, (ii) the major pathogenic fungi on/in the seed using the agar plate test and (iii) the protein amount and size distribution using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE HPLC) Field occurrence of common bunt and loose smut was generally low (3 farms in year one (14% showed common bunt occurrence) but the presence of fungi was observed microscopically on most seed samples (on seeds from 19 out of 21 farms 91% Tilletia laevis was the dominant agent in common bunt (present in 19 farms compared to T. tritici present in 6 farms) Altogether, 18 different fungi were identified from seed samples by microscopy. Protein composition, measured with high performance liquid chromatography as protein amount and size distribution (known to correlate with bread making quality) differed significantly between samples from different farms and years, although the farm type and land elevation of the farm were not the determinants of the protein composition. The presence of certain fungi on the seed correlated significantly with the protein quality and could then have an impact on the bread making quality of the Tajik wheat. The presence of seed borne diseases, a low protein content and weak gluten were the characteristics of the majority of the grain samples, mostly irrespective of farm type and farmer's knowledge. For sustainable development of the Tajik farming systems, and to strengthen the food security of the country, the knowledge of Tajik farmers needs to be increased independently of farm type; in general, plant breeding is required and certified seeds need to be made available throughout the country.
The GTAP Power Data Base: Disaggregating the Electricity Sector in the GTAP Data Base
Year: 2016

Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are ubiquitous in energy and environmental economic research. Recent technological advancements in electricity fuels, generation technologies, and environmental policies which target specific generation technologies (e.g. emission regulations) have motivated detailed CGE modeling of the electricity sector. Modeling these issues requires distinct electricity generating technologies in a CGE database. Researchers using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base have disaggregated the electricity sector into generating technologies independently using largely disparate, incomparable methodologies. This paper presents the methodology used to create the GTAP Power Data Base, an electricity detailed extension of the GTAP 9 Data Base with the following disaggregated electricity sectors: transmission and distribution, nuclear, coal, gas, hydroelectric, wind, oil, solar, and other. Gas, oil, and hydroelectric are further differentiated as base and peak load. The "bottom up" data are electricity generation and levelized input costs for each technology and region. The levelized input costs for each technology are estimated to be as close as possible to the original data, but consistent with the original GTAP 9 Data Base. Major limitations in the initial version of the GTAP Power Data Base are the lack of regional coverage in input cost data and disparity between available data and the total values for the electricity aggregate. All of the GTAP 9 Data Base is included in the GTAP Power Data Base.
A customer value, satisfaction, and loyalty perspective of mobile application recommendations
Venue: Decis. Support Syst.
Year: 2015

Although both anecdotal and academic sources have suggested that interpersonal recommendation is an important means to promote mobile applications (apps) little to no research has investigated this topic. To fill the void, we develop a research model based on the Customer Value, Satisfaction, and Loyalty Framework (VSL) While prior VSL studies treated customer value as a black box and examined its effects as a whole, this research breaks down customer value to utilitarian benefits (consisting of app utility and app quality) hedonic benefits (consisting of app aesthetics and enjoyment) monetary sacrifices and non monetary sacrifices (consisting of technicality, knowledge of alternative quality and privacy risk) This research extends VSL to the mobile app context and discerns factors that influence app recommendation. Based on the data analysis of 347 app users, we found that intention to recommend is a strong predictor of app recommendation behavior. Satisfaction with apps, users' app continuance intention, and hedonic benefits obtained from using apps are the direct antecedents of intention to recommend. Moreover, non monetary sacrifices and utilitarian benefits have indirect effects on intention to recommend through satisfaction and app continuance intention. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find the significant effects of monetary sacrifices in the refined VSL. We also provide a detailed discussion about these findings, and the theoretical and practical implications of the research. This paper initially examines why people recommend apps to others, an IT behavior that is critical to the success of mobile apps.The present paper develops a research model based on the customer value, satisfaction, and loyalty framework (VSL) and identifies specific benefits and sacrifices associated with app usage to refine the VSL model.The identification of the knowledge of alternative quality factor examines users' IT behaviors with consideration of the effects of alternatives.This paper contributes to the electronic word of mouth research by looking into (1) how individuals' perceive the value of mobile applications and (2) why individuals are willing to make the recommendation.
Dual band bandpass filter type Wilkinson power divider with microstrip composite resonators
Venue: 2017 IEEE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC)
Year: 2017

A dual band bandpass filter type Wilkinson power divider is newly introduced in this paper. 2 degree bandpass filter topology with J inverters and composite series resonators is designed to replace two l/4 transmission lines in Wilkinson power divider application. Based on filter design theory, design equations are summarized by even and odd mode analysis. In experiment, one proposed Wilkinson power divider with central frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz is designed and fabricated. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured results.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Impair the Elimination of HIV Infected Cells by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Venue: PLoS pathogens
Year: 2014

Resting memory CD4+ T cells harboring latent HIV proviruses represent a critical barrier to viral eradication. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) such as suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) romidepsin, and panobinostat have been shown to induce HIV expression in these resting cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the low levels of viral gene expression induced by a candidate HDACi may be insufficient to cause the death of infected cells by viral cytopathic effects, necessitating their elimination by immune effectors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) Here, we study the impact of three HDACis in clinical development on T cell effector functions. We report two modes of HDACi induced functional impairment: i) the rapid suppression of cytokine production from viable T cells induced by all three HDACis ii) the selective death of activated T cells occurring at later time points following transient exposures to romidepsin or, to a lesser extent, panobinostat. As a net result of these factors, HDACis impaired CTL mediated IFN g production, as well as the elimination of HIV infected or peptide pulsed target cells, both in liquid culture and in collagen matrices. Romidepsin exerted greater inhibition of antiviral function than SAHA or panobinostat over the dose ranges tested. These data suggest that treatment with HDACis to mobilize the latent reservoir could have unintended negative impacts on the effector functions of CTL. This could influence the effectiveness of HDACi based eradication strategies, by impairing elimination of infected cells, and is a critical consideration for trials where therapeutic interruptions are being contemplated, given the importance of CTL in containing rebound viremia.
Electronic Payment Systems in Electronic Commerce
Year: 2020

Technological advances and correspondingly the spreading usage of the Internet have significantly changed commerce, and also the concept of money has become more abstract. Customers with the help of the technological advances don't have the necessity of cash money, and consumers/firms tend towards alternative payment methods. At this point, electronic commerce (e commerce) web sites have started to use block chaining payment methods. In this digital world, new payment technologies have started to spread far and wide thanks to fast improvements in payment technologies, and they offer different options in payment methods. Each electronic payment (e payment) system has some advantages; however, each of them has some disadvantages as well. The aim of this study is to investigate the e payment systems which are different from traditional payment methods.
The association between vaccination confidence, vaccination behavior, and willingness to recommend vaccines among Finnish healthcare workers
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2019

Information and assurance from healthcare workers (HCWs) is reported by laypeople as a key factor in their decision to get vaccinated. However, previous research has shown that, as in the general population, hesitancy towards vaccines exists among HCWs as well. Previous studies further suggest that HCWs with a higher confidence in vaccinations and vaccine providers are more willing to take the vaccines themselves and to recommend vaccines to patients. In the present study with 2962 Finnish HCWs (doctors, head nurses, nurses, and practical nurses) we explored the associations between HCWs' vaccination confidence (perceived benefit and safety of vaccines and trust in health professionals) their decisions to accept vaccines for themselves and their children, and their willingness to recommend vaccines to patients. The results showed that although the majority of HCWs had high confidence in vaccinations, a notable share reported low vaccination confidence. Moreover, in line with previous research, HCWs with higher confidence in the benefits and safety of vaccines were more likely to accept vaccines for their children and themselves, and to recommend vaccines to their patients. Trust in other health professionals was not directly related to vaccination or recommendation behavior. Confidence in the benefits and safety of vaccines was highest among doctors, and increased along with the educational level of the HCWs, suggesting a link between confidence and the degree of medical training. Ensuring high confidence in vaccines among HCWs may be important in maintaining high vaccine uptake in the general population.
Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers for topical delivery of nimesulide using Box Behnken design approach
Venue: Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology
Year: 2017

The aim of the present study was to develop and optimize topically applied nimesulide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.  Box Behnken experimental design was applied for optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers. The independent variables were ratio of stearic acid: oleic acid (X1) poloxamer 188 concentration (X2) and lecithin concentration (X3) while particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were the chosen responses. Further, skin penetration study, in vitro release, confocal laser scanning microscopy and stability study were also performed.  The optimized nanostructured lipid carriers of nimesulide provide reasonable particle size, flux, and entrapment efficiency. Optimized formulation (F9) with mean particle size of 214.4 11 nm showed 89.4 3.40% entrapment efficiency and achieved mean flux 2.66 0.09 mg/cm2/h. In vitro release study showed prolonged drug release from the optimized formulation following Higuchi release kinetics with R2 value of 0.984. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed an enhanced penetration of Rhodamine B loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to the deeper layers of the skin. The stability study confirmed that the optimized formulation was considerably stable at refrigerator temperature as compared to room temperature.  Our results concluded that nanostructured lipid carriers are an efficient carrier for topical delivery of nimesulide.
Approximation Based Robust Adaptive Backstepping Prescribed Performance Control for a Huger Class of Nonlinear Systems
Venue: Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Year: 2019

This paper proposes an innovative adaptive neural prescribed performance control (PPC) scheme for large classes of nonlinear, nonstrict feedback systems under input saturation constraint. A restrictive hypothesis under which the upper and lower bounds of control gain functions exist a priori is first relieved by constructing appropriate compact sets within which all state trajectories are held. A novel asymmetry error transformed variable is then introduced to cope with the nondifferentiable obstacle and complex deductions corresponding to traditional PPC schemes. To efficiently manage the input saturation constraint, a new auxiliary dynamic system with a bounded compensation tangent function term is established as the strictly bounded assumption of the dynamic system is canceled. It is rigorously proven that all signals in the closed loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded under both Lyapunov and invariant set theories. The tracking errors converge to a small tunable residual set with prescribed performance under the effect of the input saturation constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is thoroughly verified by two simulation examples.
LEARNING CREATIVE DRAMA WITH PROVERBS*
Year: 2018

Language is a written and oral expression of emotions, ideas, beliefs, lifestyle, and desires. Language is also the most important tool that transfers culture from the past to today and to the future. Proverbs are important for transferring our values and national culture to following generations as well as teaching the intricacies of the Turkish language. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of story based creative drama on developing the vocabulary of 4th grade students. The study was planned as a pre test and post test control group experimental model. The study adopted a mixed method to employ quantitative and qualitative techniques together. The study was conducted in an elementary school in Kirsehir on two 4th grade classes with one experiment and one control group. During application, selection of proverbs, generating and applying related meaning tests, generating related stories, animating these stories with drama, and post test process were selected. When understanding the proverb scores of students in the experiment and control groups were compared, the experiment group that learned the proverbs with stories had higher scores than the control group. However, this difference was statistically insignificant and there were significant differences between pre test and post test scores of the experiment student group. In teaching indirect and metaphoric concepts such as proverbs in elementary education and helping students understand these concepts, using creative drama was recommended for teaching such difficult articulation with correct usage.
Using Social Justice Group Work With Young Mothers Who Experience Homelessness
Year: 2010

Research indicates (e.g. Bassuk et al. 1997) that women and children make up a large percentage of the total number of individuals living without permanent shelter. This article represents a reflective analysis of our work as group facilitators who conducted a series of personal growth groups for young mothers living in a residential facility located in a Midwestern city in the United States. We discuss our role as group facilitators who infused social justice principles in our group work, share challenges we experienced along the way, and offer suggestions for facilitating group counseling interventions.
Moisture adsorption in TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanocrystal film at the nanogram level based on micro FTIR spectroscopy
Venue: Cellulose
Year: 2019

The adsorbed water is known to have a significant influence on physical property of cellulose nanocrystal film. In order to characterize moisture adsorption of TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanocrystal film (TOCNF) a strategy for quantitative evaluation of moisture adsorption in TOCNF at the nanogram level is proposed here. In this approach, TOCNF spectra were in situ measured in a large range of relative humidity. Spectral analysis was applied to these measured spectra, and then moisture adsorption sites and spectrum ranges affected by moisture adsorption were identified. Based upon these confirmed spectrum ranges and moisture contents collected using dynamic vapor sorption apparatus, a micro FTIR prediction model could be established using partial least squares regression. Afterwards, the established prediction model was used for acquiring moisture adsorption isotherm, and a good consistency between the forecasts and referential values was shown. It was confirmed this proposed strategy for quantitative evaluation of moisture adsorption in nanocellulose film at the nanogram level was effective.