nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A sterilization method for decellularized xenogeneic cardiovascular scaffolds.
Venue: Acta biomaterialia
Year: 2018

Decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds have shown promise to be employed as compatible and functional cardiovascular biomaterials. However, one of the main barriers to their clinical exploitation is the lack of appropriate sterilization procedures. This study investigated the efficiency of a two step sterilization method, antibiotics/antimycotic (AA) cocktail and peracetic acid (PAA) on porcine and bovine decellularized pericardium. In order to assess the efficiency of the method, a sterilization assessment protocol was specifically designed, comprising: i) controlled contamination with a known amount of bacteria; ii) sterility test; iii) identification of contaminants through MALDI TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight) mass spectrometry and iv) quantification by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. This sterilization assessment protocol proved to be a successful tool to monitor and optimize the proposed sterilization method. The treatment with AA PAA method provided sterile scaffolds while preserving the structural integrity and biocompatibility of the decellularized porcine and bovine tissues. However, surface properties and cellular adhesion resulted slightly impaired on porcine pericardium. This work developed a sterilization method suitable for decellularized pericardial scaffolds that could be adopted for in vivo tissue engineering. Together with the proposed sterilization assessment protocol, this decontamination method will foster the clinical translation of decellularized xenogeneic substitutes.  Clinical application of functional and compatible xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds has been delayed due to the lack of appropriate sterilization methodologies. In this study, it was investigated an effective sterilization method optimized for porcine and bovine decellularized pericardia, based on the use of antibiotics/antimycotics followed by peracetic acid treatment. This treatment effectively sterilizes both species scaffolds, proves to maintain tissue overall structure and components, preserves biocompatibility and biomechanical properties. Furthermore, it was also developed a sterilization assessment protocol used to monitor and validate the previous method, consisting in three main parts: i) controlled contamination; ii) sterility test, and iii) identification and quantification of contaminants. Both methodologies were optimized for the tissues in study but can be applied to other scaffolds and accelerate their clinical translation.
Inhibition of the Rac1 WAVE2 Arp2/3 signaling pathway promotes radiosensitivity via downregulation of cofilin 1 in U251 human glioma cells.
Venue: Molecular medicine reports
Year: 2016

The Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) WASP family verprolin homologous protein 2 (WAVE2) actin related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) signaling pathway has been identified to be involved in cell migration and invasion in various types of cancer cell. Cofilin 1 (CFL 1) which is regulated by the Rac1 WAVE2 Arp2/3 signaling pathway, may promote radioresistance in glioma. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of the Rac1 WAVE2 Arp2/3 signaling pathway in radioresistance in U251 human glioma cells and elucidate its affect on CFL 1 expression. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression of CFL 1. In the present study, Rac1 was inhibited by NSC 23766, WAVE2 was inhibited by transfection with short hairpin (sh)RNA WAVE2 using Lipofectamine(tm) 2000 and Arp2/3 was inhibited by CK 666. Cell viability was measured using the 3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the cell migration ability was examined by a wound healing assay, and the cell invasion ability was assessed using a Transwell culture chamber system. The results showed that inhibition of the Rac1 WAVE2 Arp2/3 signaling pathway using NSC 23766, shRNA WAVE2 or CK 666 reduced the cell viability, migration and invasion abilities in U251 human glioma cells, concordant with a reduced expression of CFL 1. Furthermore, the expression of CFL 1 was significantly increased in radioresistant U251 glioma cells when compared with normal U251 human glioma cells. These findings indicate that inhibition of the Rac1 WAVE2 Arp2/3 signaling pathway may promote radiosensitivity, which may partially result from the downregulation of CFL 1 in U251 human glioma cells.
Inquiry and the common core librarians and teachers designing teaching for learning
Year: 2014

Sharon Coatney Chapter 1: Inquiry Jean Donham Chapter 2: What is the "Core" of the Common Core State Standards Olga M. Nesi Chapter 3: School Librarians and CCSS Knowing, Claiming, and Acting on Their Expertise Deb Levitov Chapter 4: Putting the Pieces Together: Connecting to the Core through Coteaching Curriculum Standards Judi Moreillon Chapter 5: Guided Inquiry Design and the Common Core Leslie K. Maniotes Chapter 6: Engage Students through Project Based Learning Violet H. Harada, Carolyn Kirio, Sandy Yamamoto, and Elodie Arellano Chapter 7: Inquiry in the Digital Age Barbara Stripling Chapter 8: Evolution, Not  The Nudging Toward Inquiry Approach Kristin Fontichiaro Chapter 9: Designing Learning Plans for Inquiry and the Common Core Violet H. Harada Appendix: Exemplars: Samples of Learning Plans Index
Water Based Drill In Fluid Optimization Using Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles as a Fluid Loss Additive
Venue: Day 1 Mon, April 08, 2019
Year: 2019

It is well known within the industry that conventional drilling fluids can damage the well's producing zone. Damage mechanisms occur due to leakage of drilling fluid into the formation even after the formation of a filter cake. This filtrate contains entrained particulates that can enter the pore spaces of the rock and restrict flow through the pore throats resulting in reduced permeability during production. Cleaner drill in fluids with low solids content have been developed for use when drilling through a producing zone in an attempt to mitigate the extent of damage caused by leak off. These fluids should not only provide excellent fluid loss prevention, but also exhibit the rheological characteristics needed to perform the traditional functions of conventional fluids. Even though these fluids reduce the amount of particulates entering the formation by containing less solids, the filtrate that is still able to flow through the filter cake can be equally as damaging. Reduction of filtrate volumes can be further achieved by introducing nanoparticles to bridge across the nano sized gaps within the filter cake. This research focuses on the application of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECNP) as a fluid loss additive to further enhance the filter cake filtration properties of a general drill in fluid. A baseline fluid is formulated consisting of a sodium chloride brine, biopolymers for rheology and fluid loss purposes, and calcium carbonate as a density and bridging agent. The ratio and pH of polyelectrolytes were optimized in order to create stable PECNPs for this system. Different dilutions of PECNPs were added and tested in a static fluid loss setup, where filtrate volumes were compared to determine the best system of 1/8th diluted nanoparticles. The chosen system was then taken to be tested in the dynamic fluid loss setup "Quasimodo" where fluid loss volumes were successfully reduced and wall building coefficients lowered. Analysis of cleanup curves after testing revealed that the PECNP drill in fluid was less damaging to the core permeability than when the baseline fluid was used.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Survey
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

With the development of deep representation learning, the domain of reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful learning framework now capable of learning complex policies in high dimensional environments. This review summarises deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, provides a taxonomy of automated driving tasks where (D)RL methods have been employed, highlights the key challenges algorithmically as well as in terms of deployment of real world autonomous driving agents, the role of simulators in training agents, and finally methods to evaluate, test and robustifying existing solutions in RL and imitation learning.
An Exploration of Darkness within Doctoral Education: Creative Learning Approaches of Doctoral Students
Year: 2017

In doctoral education, the formal structures include the Graduate School system, PhD courses, and supervision contracts, etc. Doctoral education also takes place on informal and tacit levels, where doctoral students learn about the institutional regulations, the research field, academic craftsmanship, and research design by observing how their supervisors talk, act, and handle issues in the professional community. However, the formal informal divide is not adequate if we want to understand the sprawling, mongrel, and diverse forms of student engagement, coping, and learning strategies within doctoral education today. By drawing on the empirical studies of cross level institutional voices, as well as international studies into similar grey areas of student learning in doctoral education, this chapter argues that learning spaces of educational 'darkness' hold unrecognised potential for enhancing learning experiences, harnessing professional competences, and enriching the depth of research in the PhD life that implies significant contributions to future doctoral education development.
Bayesian Posterior Sampling via Stochastic Gradient Fisher Scoring
Year: 2012

In this paper we address the following question: "Can we approximately sample from a Bayesian posterior distribution if we are only allowed to touch a small mini batch of data items for every sample we generate?" An algorithm based on the Langevin equation with stochastic gradients (SGLD) was previously proposed to solve this, but its mixing rate was slow. By leveraging the Bayesian Central Limit Theorem, we extend the SGLD algorithm so that at high mixing rates it will sample from a normal approximation of the posterior, while for slow mixing rates it will mimic the behavior of SGLD with a pre conditioner matrix. As a bonus, the proposed algorithm is reminiscent of Fisher scoring (with stochastic gradients) and as such an efficient optimizer during burn in.
Analyzing and Integrating Dependency Parsers
Venue: CL
Year: 2011

There has been a rapid increase in the volume of research on data driven dependency parsers in the past five years. This increase has been driven by the availability of treebanks in a wide variety of languages due in large part to the CoNLL shared tasks as well as the straightforward mechanisms by which dependency theories of syntax can encode complex phenomena in free word order languages. In this article, our aim is to take a step back and analyze the progress that has been made through an analysis of the two predominant paradigms for data driven dependency parsing, which are often called graph based and transition based dependency parsing. Our analysis covers both theoretical and empirical aspects and sheds light on the kinds of errors each type of parser makes and how they relate to theoretical expectations. Using these observations, we present an integrated system based on a stacking learning framework and show that such a system can learn to overcome the shortcomings of each non integrated system.
Numerical tilting compensation in microscopy based on wavefront sensing using transport of intensity equation method
Year: 2018

Wide field microscopy is commonly used for sample observations in biological research and medical diagnosis. However, the tilting error induced by the oblique location of the image recorder or the sample, as well as the inclination of the optical path often deteriorates the imaging quality. In order to eliminate the tilting in microscopy, a numerical tilting compensation technique based on wavefront sensing using transport of intensity equation method is proposed in this paper. Both the provided numerical simulations and practical experiments prove that the proposed technique not only accurately determines the tilting angle with simple setup and procedures, but also compensates the tilting error for imaging quality improvement even in the large tilting cases. Considering its simple systems and operations, as well as image quality improvement capability, it is believed the proposed method can be applied for tilting compensation in the optical microscopy.
The digital, quaternary or 4.0 web economy: aspects, effects and implications
Year: 2019

The world economy is changing dynamically with the expansion of information technology (IT) The change is not only happening at the technology industry level itself; other industries are also being disrupted with the appearance of smart factories, autonomous cars, smart e commerce, and the like. This paper preliminarily analyses the economic effects and concrete aspects of the quaternary economy, the knowledge based part of the economy, which typically includes services such as information technology, information generation and sharing, media, research and development, as well as knowledge based services. First, it analyses the economic effect of the quaternary economy on the USA, UK, and Israel in addition to the technological base of the quaternary such as Internet of Everything and financialisation effects. Second, it investigates the concrete aspects of the quaternary economy in five main areas including interactive or crossover innovation in artificial intelligence, appearance of cybersecurity from firewalls to cyber warfare, precision agriculture and smart farming, smart grid, electric vehicles and pilotless planes, and precision medicine. Third, the paper discusses the governance of the quaternary economy along with thin globalisation and relevant regulatory issues of the digital culture of our time.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP PERAWAT DALAM PENERAPAN HAND HYGIENE DI RUANG RAWAT INAP MEDIKAL BEDAH RUMAH SAKIT
Year: 2019

H and hygiene merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk mencuci tangan menggunakan antiseptik pencuci tangan. Hand hygiene menjadi salah satu langkah yang efektif untuk memutuskan rantai transmisi infeksi, sehingga infeksi nosokomial dapat berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap perawat dalam penerapan hand hygiene di ruang rawat inap medikal bedah RSUD Meuraxa Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian Kuantitatif; descriptive correlative dengan desain C ross sectional study Populasi penelitian 50 perawat, pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional sampel dengan jumlah 33 perawat di ruang rawat inap medikal bedah RSUD MeuraxaBanda Aceh. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji pearson correlation Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan nilai mean dari pengetahuan 11,6 dan nilai mean sikap 16,3. Nilai P Valueantara pengetahuan dengan sikap adalah 0,000. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap perawat dalam penerapan hand hygiene Direkomendasikan bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pelaksanaan hand hygiene melalui program pelatihan pengurangan infeksi agar angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial semakin berkurang.
Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance: 2.0
Year: 2008

We address two important shortcomings in the persistence literature. The first is the possibility that the documented persistence could be due to calendar related distortions of fund returns instead of skill differentials. We also explore the possibility that Carhart's popular 4 factor model of performance attribution may not be adequate in explaining the returns of prior performance ranked portfolios of mutual fund. Using performance attribution models employed in the existing literature, we document that once the calendar year end noise is masked, measures of persistence are strikingly smaller, regardless of the period studied. We also find that using a longer term momentum factor results in a much better performance attribution model compared to using Carhart's short term momentum factor. Once the longer term momentum factor replaces the short term momentum factor, persistence in fund performance disappear even when the portfolios are formed at the end of the calendar years.
Longitudinal Analysis of Real World Performance of an Implantable Continuous Glucose Sensor over Multiple Sensor Insertion and Removal Cycles
Venue: Diabetes technology therapeutics
Year: 2019

The Eversense(r) Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System, with the first long term, implantable glucose sensor, has been commercially available in Europe and South Africa since 2016 for adults with diabetes. The performance of the sensor over multiple, sequential 90 or 180 day cycles from either real world experience or clinical studies has not been previously published. The Eversense Data Management System (DMS) was used to evaluate the accuracy of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant sensor glucose (SG) values against self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) from June 2016 through August 2019 among patients with at least four sensor cycles from European and South African health care practices. Mean SG and associated measures of variability, glucose management indicator (GMI) and percent and time in various hypoglycemic, euglycemic, and hyperglycemic ranges were calculated for the 24 h time period over each cycle. In addition, transmitter wear time was evaluated across each sensor wear cycle. Among the 945 users included in the analysis, the mean absolute relative difference (standard deviation [SD] using 152,206, 174,645, 206,024, and 172,587 calibration matched pairs against SMBG was 11.9% (3.6% 11.5% (4.0% 11.8% (4.7% and 11.5% (4.1% during the first four sensor cycles, respectively. Mean values of the CGM metrics over the first sensor cycle were 156.5 mg/dL for SG, 54.7 mg/dL for SD, 0.35 for coefficient of variation, and 7.04% for GMI. Percent SG at different glycemic ranges was as follows: <54 mg/dL was 1.1% (16 min) <70 mg/dL was 4.6% (66 min) =70 180 mg/dL (time in range) was 64.5% (929 min) >180 250 mg/dL was 22.8% (328 min) and >250 mg/dL was 8.1% (117 min) The median transmitter wear time over the first cycle was 83.2% CGM metrics and wear time were similar over the subsequent three cycles. This real world evaluation of adult patients with diabetes using the Eversense CGM System in the home setting demonstrated that the implantable sensor provides consistent stable accuracy and CGM metrics over multiple, sequential sensor cycles with no indication of degradation of sensor performance.
Challenges of Developing a Natural Language Processing Method with Electronic Health Records to Identify Persons with Chronic Mobility Disability.
Venue: Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
Year: 2020

To assess the utility of applying natural language processing (NLP) to electronic health records (EHRs) to identify individuals with chronic mobility disability.  We used EHRs from the Research Patient Data Repository, which contains EHRs from a large Massachusetts health care delivery system. This analysis was part of a larger study assessing the effects of disability on diagnosis of colorectal cancer. We applied NLP text extraction software to longitudinal EHRs of colorectal cancer patients to identify persons who use a wheelchair (our indicator of mobility disability for this analysis) We manually reviewed the clinical notes identified by NLP using directed content analysis to identify true cases using wheelchairs, duration or chronicity of use, and documentation quality.  EHRs from large health care delivery system PARTICIPANTS: Patients 21 75 years old who were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2005 2017.  Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Confirmation of patients' chronic wheelchair use in NLP flagged notes; quality of disability documentation  We identified 14,877 patients with colorectal cancer with 303,182 associated clinical notes. NLP screening identified 1,482 (0.5% notes that contained 1+ wheelchair associated keyword. These notes were associated with 420 patients (2.8% of colorectal cancer population) Of the 1,482 notes, 286 (19.3% representing 105 patients, 0.7% of the total) contained documentation of reason for wheelchair use and duration. Directed content analysis identified three themes concerning disability documentation: (1) wheelchair keywords used in specific EHR contexts; (2) reason for wheelchair not clearly stated; and (3) duration of wheelchair use not consistently documented.  NLP offers an option to screen for patients with chronic mobility disability in much less time than required by manual chart review. Nonetheless, manual chart review must confirm that flagged patients have chronic mobility disability (are not false positives) Notes, however, often have inadequate disability documentation.
English language education in Jordan: Some recent trends and challenges
Year: 2016

The purpose of this paper is to map out the status of English language teaching (ELT) as practised in the Arab World and, specifically, in Jordan today. The study also aims to bring into focus significant issues that need to be addressed in ELT in the Arab World. This paper presents a review of the current status of English language education, with an emphasis on the need for urgent reforms in the teaching of English in the Arab World. Further, longitudinal data in respect to classroom and workplace English proficiency are presented. English language education seems to be up to date teacher centred and bound to other issues such as teaching the textbook rather than focusing on developing lifelong strategies. There is a critical need for writing national standards for English language professional development programmes that should be based on the findings of sound research. The paper highlights the significance of teaching English language through observing and reviewing the current practices.
Resistive CAM Acceleration for Tunable Approximate Computing
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing
Year: 2019

The Internet of Things significantly increases the amount of data generated, straining the processing capability of current computing systems. Approximate computing is a promising solution to accelerate computation by trading off energy and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a resistive content addressable memory (CAM) accelerator, called RCA, which exploits data locality to have an approximate memory based computation. RCA stores high frequency patterns and performs computation inside CAM without using processing cores. During execution time, RCA searches an input operand among all prestored values on a CAM and returns the row with the nearest distance. To manage accuracy, we use a distance metric which considers the impact of each bit indices on computation accuracy. We evaluate an application of proposed RCA on CPU approximation, where RCA can be used as a stand alone or as a hybrid computing unit besides CPU cores for tunable CPU approximation. We evaluate the architecture of the proposed RCA using HSPICE and multi2sim by testing our results on x86 CPU processor. Our evaluation shows that RCA can accelerate CPU computation by 12.6x and improve the energy efficiency by 6.6x as compared to a traditional CPU architecture, while providing acceptable quality of service.