nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Media coverage and firearm acquisition in the aftermath of a mass shooting
Venue: Nature Human Behaviour
Year: 2019

With an alarming frequency, the United States is experiencing mass shooting events, which often result in heated public debates on firearm control. Whether such events play any role in recent dramatic increases in firearm prevalence remains an open question. This study adopts an information theoretic framework to analyse the complex interplay between the occurrence of a mass shooting, media coverage on firearm control policies and firearm acquisition at both national and state levels. Through the analysis of time series from 1999 to 2017, we identify a correlation between the occurrence of a mass shooting and the rate of growth in firearm acquisition. More importantly, a transfer entropy analysis pinpoints media coverage on firearm control policies as a potential causal link in a Wiener Granger sense that establishes this correlation. Our results demonstrate that media coverage may increase public worry about more stringent firearm control and partially drive increases in firearm prevalence.Porfiri et al. show that firearm acquisitions in the United States increase with mass shootings, and this growth may be driven by anticipation of stricter regulations as media coverage about gun control increases with shooting events.
Poly(thieno[3,4 b] 1,4 oxathiane) medium effect on electropolymerization and electrochromic performance.
Venue: Langmuir the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
Year: 2014

The asymmetrical sulfur analog of 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) thieno[3,4 b] 1,4 oxathiane (EOTT) was synthesized, and its electropolymerization was comparatively investigated by employing different solvent electrolyte systems (room temperature ionic liquid 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BmimPF6) CH2Cl2 Bu4NPF6, and CH2Cl2 BmimPF6) Further, the effect of solvents and supporting electrolytes on the structure, morphology, electrochemical, electronic, and optical properties and electrochromic performance of the obtained poly(thieno[3,4 b] 1,4 oxathiane) (PEOTT) films were minutely studied. PEOTT film with a band gap (Eg) of about 1.6 eV could be facilely electrodeposited in all the solvent electrolytes and displayed excellent electroactivity, outstanding redox stability in a wide potential window, and improved thermal stability. Cyclic voltammetry showed that EOTT could be electropolymerized at a lower oxidation potential in BmimPF6 ~1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl) due to several advantanges of RTIL BmimPF6 itself, such as high intrinsic conductivity and mild chemical conditions, etc. and the resulting PEOTT film exhibited compact morphology with better electroactivity and stability and higher electrical conductivity. On the other hand, PEOTT films from all the sovent electrolytes also showed the electrochromic nature by color changing from gray blue to green, and further kinetic studies revealed that PEOTT had decent contrast ratios (36% higher coloration efficiencies (212 cm(2)/C in BmimPF6) low switching voltages, moderate response time (1.2 s) excellent stability, and color persistence. From these results, PEOTT provides more plentiful electrochromic colors and holds promise for display applications.
The Evolution and Expansion of Regional Disease Surveillance Networks and Their Role in Mitigating the Threat of Infectious Disease Outbreaks
Venue: Emerging health threats journal
Year: 2013

We examine the emergence, development, and value of regional infectious disease surveillance networks that neighboring countries worldwide are organizing to control cross border outbreaks at their source. The regional perspective represented in the paper is intended to serve as an instructive framework for others who decide to launch such networks as new technologies and emerging threats bring countries even closer together. Distinct from more formal networks in geographic regions designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) these networks usually involve groupings of fewer countries chosen by national governments to optimize surveillance efforts. Sometimes referred to as sub regional, these "self organizing" networks complement national and local government recognition with informal relationships across borders among epidemiologists, scientists, ministry officials, health workers, border officers, and community members. Their development over time reflects both incremental learning and growing connections among network actors; and changing disease patterns, with infectious disease threats shifting over time from local to regional to global levels. Not only has this regional disease surveillance network model expanded across the globe, it has also expanded from a mostly practitioner based network model to one that covers training, capacity building, and multidisciplinary research. Today, several of these networks are linked through Connecting Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance (CORDS) We explore how regional disease surveillance networks add value to global disease detection and response by complementing other systems and efforts, by harnessing their power to achieve other goals such as health and human security, and by helping countries adapt to complex challenges via multi sectoral solutions. We note that governmental commitment and trust among participating individuals are critical to the success of regional infectious disease surveillance networks.
Business Intelligence. Un etat de l'art
Venue: Ingenierie des Systemes d Inf.
Year: 2014

La Business Intelligence (BI) a connu ces dernieres annees une croissance importante, tant en ce qui concerne les produits disponibles sur le marche que le nombre d'entreprises qui l'ont adoptee. De meme les chercheurs se sont attaques aux problematiques techniques et organisationnelles soulevees par ce domaine tres dynamique de l'informatique. Le terme de Business Analytics couvre un perimetre partiellement commun. Cet article propose une definition de la Business Intelligence resultant d'un effort de synthese des differentes visions de ce concept. Puis, nous construisons une taxonomie de la Business Intelligence. Cette taxonomie nous sert a organiser ensuite l'etat de l'art qui recense les approches de recherche en matiere de BI. Cet etat de l'art permet au lecteur d'apprehender les composants de la BI et les specificites des recherches dans ce domaine. En montrant les efforts effectues, il permet aussi de deduire les problemes encore ouverts.
A Focus On Coronaviruses Infections In Animals: Review Article
Year: 2020

Coronaviruses are large, enveloped and single stranded, non segmented with positive sense RNA virus belong to Nidovirus, family Coronavirirdae and included two subfamilies Orthocoronavirinae and Letovirinae. There are four genera variable in antigenestic characteristic and cross reactivity (Alpha coronavirus, Beta coronavirus, Gamma coronavirus and Delta coronavirus) affect mammals and birds while Bafinivirus affect fish and cause different diseases in the vertebrate animals and human, so this review listed most important diseases in some animals which cause economic problems as in the avian cause infectious bronchitis(IB) in the bovine cause diseases in both bowl and respiratory system, Enteric form Disease in the equine, two forms of diseases have been occurred in the feline feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis) in canine cause enteric and respiratory syndrome while in the porcine the diseases occur as are Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV).Also, coronaviruses affect aquatic animals and cause general clinical signs in fish. Some of these pathogens transmitted from camel and bates and causes diseases for human as SARS, MERS and SARS 2.From these review the conclusion is the hygiene practices and biosecurity are more important to prevent the emerging diseases in both human and animals cause by a coronavirus.
A review on the prospective use of chicken manure leachate in high rate anaerobic reactors
Year: 2020

The global production of chicken arises over the world, which leads to increasing manure generation and environmental problems. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well known process to produce biogas from biomass. Chicken manure (CM) is considered as a feedstock for biogas production due to its high organic load, but there are some challenges to be considered, such as the heterogeneity and the high solid content. To overcome these issues, pretreatments techniques that enhance biogas production could be used. In this context, the use of the leachate process for CM pretreatment could be a novel alternative producing an easily biodegradable liquid substrate for AD. High rate anaerobic reactors (HRAR) as mature technologies in the market, represent an opportunity for its technological simplicity and economy. Improvements of AD with leaching pretreatment were studied considering the use of HRAR as recent achievements to produce biogas and perspectives in the world. For mathematical modeling, the leaching process with CM as substrate, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are presented as a numerical simulation tool for a better understanding of the process. The integration of the leaching efficient AD process in a biorefinery approach in a developing country using CM as a substrate could diversify its productions, in addition to reducing emissions to the environment. The results obtained became a tool for decision makers and researchers about the implementation of leaching pretreatment prior to high efficiency technologies for CM management in Poultry Farms to obtain the highest benefits, not only in Cuba but also in other developing countries with a similar situation. Production of biogas from CM is a technical solution that contributes to substitute fossil fuels by renewable energy.
Measurement of the branching fraction and CP asymmetry in B0 p0p0 decays, and an improved constraint on ph2
Year: 2017

We measure the branching fraction and CP violation asymmetry in the decay B 0 pi(0)pi(0) using a data sample of 752 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e()e( collider. The obtained branching fraction and direct CP asymmetry are B(B pi(0)pi(0) [1.31 0.19(stat) 0.19(syst) x 10( 6) and A(CP) +0.14 0.36(stat) 0.10(syst) respectively. The signal significance, including the systematic uncertainty, is 6.4 standard deviations. We combine these results with Belle's earlier measurements of B 0 pi()pi( and B pi( )pi(0) to exclude the CP violating parameter phi(2) from the range 15.5 degrees phi(2) 75.0 degrees at 95% confidence level.
Entrepreneurial environment at regional level: the case of Polish path towards sustainable socio economic development
Year: 2017

Globalization process creates fovurable conditions for dynamic development of economic centers both at national and regional level. Yet, it may be an obstacle for growth for peripheral countries and regions. In the European Union one can confirm convergence process at national level. However, in Central European countries the convergence of national economies does not support sustainable growth at regional level and regional convergence process. This situation often leads to the problem of draining up of scarce resources from peripheral regions, which negatively affects their entrepreneurship potential and sustainable socio economic development. In the longer run this unbalanced spatial growth can become a significant obstacle for welfare improvements. In this context, the purpose of the article is to analyze the quality of entrepreneurial environment in Poland at regional level within the context of sustainability framework. The research was done for NUTS 2 regions in the years 2010 2014. The quality of entrepreneurial environment is considered here as a multiple criteria phenomenon that should be treated as a latent variable. Thus, in the research Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was applied. Values of the latent variable were assessed based on confirmatory factor analysis, which provided information on the socio economic development of Polish regions, which determinates the entrepreneurial conditions. In order to group the regions to homogenous subsets natural breaks method was used. The conducted research confirms the process of improvement of entrepreneurial conditions in most of the NUTS 2 regions in Poland. From the perspective of regional convergence process, on the one hand, one can point some positive factors such as noticeable improvements in some underdeveloped regions. However, the dominance of the central region and significant disparities between the NUTS 2 are still relatively stable and extensive. From the methodological perspective the article shows the applicability of SEM methodology to national and regional analysis with application of data from national statistics.
A descriptive analysis of gut microbiota composition in differentially reared infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life
Venue: American journal of primatology
Year: 2019

The gastrointestinal microbiome is recognized as a critical component in host immune function, physiology, and behavior. Early life experiences that alter diet and social contact also influence these outcomes. Despite the growing number of studies in this area, no studies to date have examined the contribution of early life experiences on the gut microbiome in infants across development. Such studies are important for understanding the biological and environmental factors that contribute to optimal gut microbial colonization and subsequent health. We studied infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life that were pseudo randomly assigned to one of two different rearing conditions at birth: mother peer reared (MPR) in which infants were reared in social groups with many other adults and peers and nursed on their mothers, or nursery reared (NR) in which infants were reared by human caregivers, fed formula, and given daily social contact with peers. We analyzed the microbiome from rectal swabs (total N 97; MPR 43, NR 54) taken on the day of birth and at postnatal Days 14, 30, 90, and 180 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial composition differences were evident as early as 14 days, with MPR infants exhibiting a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and a higher abundance of Bacteroides than NR infants. The most marked differences were observed at 90 days, when Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Prevotella differed across rearing groups. By Day 180, no differences in the relative abundances of the bacteria of interest were observed. These novel findings in developing primate neonates indicate that the early social environment as well as diet influence gut microbiota composition very early in life. These results also lay the groundwork for mechanistic studies examining the effects of early experiences on gut microbiota across development with the ultimate goal of understanding the clinical significance of developmental changes.
Relativistic Energy Associated with a Moving Fiber Burst Type mIV Associated with The Class A Solar Prominence
Year: 2016

The relativistic energy electron emission is found to occur only during proton events. Solar prominences usually occur in loop shape and can last for weeks or months. This event allows us to investigate the electron density and drift rate of solar burst type IV During 21 st September 2015. During that time the Sun has the highest number of sunspots. The radio sources responsibly for Ivm appear to expand spherically through the solar corona after eject on y solar flare. This event shows a strong radiation in radio region, but not in X ray region. This burst intense radio phenomena that follow with solar flares. It has a wide band structure from 1412 1428 MHz. It can be considered as an intermediate f drift burst (IMDs) This fiber burst has a negative drift rate where the drift is interpreted by the group velocity of the whistler mode waves. Their bandwidth is approximately 2% of the emission frequency. The are accompanied a parallel drift absorption band in the background continuum radiation. The occurrence of the event is interesting in many aspects which is also in ZSIS site. From the dynamic spectra of the CALLISTO, it can be observed that there a moving type IV burst. This burst appears is single SRBT III for approximately 16 minutes at 708UT till 716UT. This burst duration is longer compared to the other events. It can be considered as a Ivm because it begins at the same time as the explosive phase of solar flare. The solar optical, radio and X ray emission associated with these various energetic particle emissions as well as the propagation characteristics of each particle species are examined in order to study the particle acceleration and emission mechanisms World Scientific News 57 (2016) 23 32 24in a solar flare. At the same time, the number of particles traveled a given path in reconnecting area falls exponentially with increase of this path because of losses owing to a leaving of particles the acceleration volume due to drifts.
Hybrid Oven (Solar Biomass) for Cooking. Design, Construction and Thermal Evaluation
Year: 2019

Solar energy for cooking is an interesting option to achieve energy efficient cooking, while reducing environmental impact and facilitating nutritious cooking on a daily basis, especially to provide nutrition for young children. Solar oven delivers high thermal performance running on solar energy alone on clear days. On cloudy days, the amount of solar energy is not enough to use the solar oven. Therefore, it is necessary to cook with electricity, gas or firewood, which breaks the continuity of the use of the solar oven. Then, when it is possible to use the solar oven again (on the subsequent clear day) it is difficult because of the habit established of fuel use. The hybrid oven (solar biomass) allows for cooking every day of the year (clear or cloudy) with the same device, even at night. This paper presents the design, construction and thermal evaluation of a hybrid solar oven with biomass as an auxiliary source of energy. The basis is the drum solar oven, widely used for its characteristics: easy to build, efficient performance and optimum cooking capacity. It incorporates a specially designed appliance which takes advantage of the biomass and generates energy efficient cooking. Thermal tests are carried out to determine the characteristic parameters: figures of Merit F1 =0.100; F2 =0.253, standardized cooking power for 50degC, 31.2 W, and cooking efficiency 23.3% for operation only with solar energy and standardized cooking power for 50degC, 378.3W and cooking efficiency 5.8% for the oven with hybrid operation. Temperatures reached by the absorber plate are 120degC for solar only energy operation and 173degC for hybrid operation. These temperatures do not endanger the integrity of the materials used. Only a minimum amount of energy is needed to reach the necessary temperature and power for cooking. It is therefore an interesting and economical solution for all communities of any climatic condition, especially those that are isolated from energy supply networks.
Large Scale Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis for Development of Hybrid Maize Breeding Strategies Using Diverse Germplasm Resources
Venue: Frontiers in Plant Science
Year: 2020

Understanding combining ability and heterosis among diverse maize germplasm resources is important for breeding hybrid maize (Zea mays L. Using 28 temperate and 23 tropical maize inbreds that represent different ecotypes and worldwide diversity of maize germplasm, we first developed a large scale multiple hybrid population (MHP) with 724 hybrids, which could be divided into three subsets, 325 temperate diallel hybrids and 136 tropical diallel hybrids generated in Griffing IV, and 263 temperate by tropical hybrids generated in NCD II. All the parental lines and hybrids were evaluated for 11 traits in replicated tests across two locations and three years. Several widely used inbreds showed strong general combining ability (GCA) and their derived hybrids showed strong specific combining ability (SCA) Heterosis is a quantifiable, trait dependent and environment specific phenotype, and the response of parental lines and their hybrids to environments resulted in various levels of heterosis. For all the tested traits except plant height and hundred grain weight (HGW) NCD II (temperate x tropical) hybrids showed higher average heterosis than the temperate and tropical diallel hybrids, with higher hybrid performance for ear length, ear diameter, and HGW. Tropical maize germplasm can be used to improve the yield potential for temperate lines. Grain number per row and grain number per ear were two most important traits that determined yield heterosis, which can be used as direct selection criteria for yield heterosis. The hybrids from heterotic groups, Reid x SPT, Reid x LRC, SPT x PA, and Lancaster x LRC, contributed highly significant positive SCA effects and strong heterosis to yield related traits, and the heterotic patterns identified in this study were potentially useful for commercial maize breeding. Heterosis was more significantly and positively correlated with SCA than GCA, indicating that SCA can be used in heterosis prediction to develop potential hybrids in commercial maize breeding. The results of the present study not only contribute to developing breeding strategies, but also improve targeted breeding efficiency by using both temperate and tropical maize to broaden genetic basis. Large sets of parental lines with available genotypic information can be shared and used in worldwide hybrid breeding programs through an open source breeding strategy. Potential applications of the reported results in developing hybrid maize breeding strategies were also discussed.
Cross modal bilingualism: language contact as evidence of linguistic transfer in sign bilingual education
Year: 2010

New positive attitudes towards language interaction in the realm of bilingualism open new horizons for sign bilingual education.  Lopez have innovatively reconceptualised a new cross disciplinary approach to sign bilingualism, based on both sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. According to this framework, cross modal bilingualism within the deaf community is a natural, dynamic phenomenon, where code mixing and code switching between languages of different modalities signed or spoken/written are often a pragmatic choice of the signer/speaker that serves specific purposes in specific contexts. Following this line of thought, cross modal contact situations may be viewed as a sign of sophistication, as in any bilingualism, and a fundamental, transitory phase of bilingual language acquisition. Transfer from a sign language to a written second language has been put into question in the sign bilingual education literature. This project intends to address that question through the investigation of cross modal contact categories found in the written productions of 15 deaf students in a bilingual secondary school in Barcelona. We argue that the pooling of resources that makes deaf students use structures from Catalan Sign Language in written English is suggestive of linguistic transfer at a morphosyntactic level and that language contact is positive to students' bilingual development in this specific context. The impact of this finding for language teaching policy, practice and research in deaf education will be discussed. This study is part of a larger study to further analyse these contact phenomena according to milestones in second language acquisition of written English, Catalan and Spanish, and seeks to establish parallels between the bilingual acquisition development of these deaf students and that of their hearing counterparts.