nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
SentiX: A Sentiment Aware Pre Trained Model for Cross Domain Sentiment Analysis
Venue: COLING
Year: 2020

Pre trained language models have been widely applied to cross domain NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, achieving state of the art performance. However, due to the variety of users' emotional expressions across domains, fine tuning the pre trained models on the source domain tends to overfit, leading to inferior results on the target domain. In this paper, we pre train a sentiment aware language model (SentiX) via domain invariant sentiment knowledge from large scale review datasets, and utilize it for cross domain sentiment analysis task without fine tuning. We propose several pre training tasks based on existing lexicons and annotations at both token and sentence levels, such as emoticons, sentiment words, and ratings, without human interference. A series of experiments are conducted and the results indicate the great advantages of our model. We obtain new state of the art results in all the cross domain sentiment analysis tasks, and our proposed SentiX can be trained with only 1% samples (18 samples) and it achieves better performance than BERT with 90% samples.
How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology
Venue: Animal Cognition
Year: 2011

Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits, including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities are correlated with life history (e.g. lifespan) morphology (e.g. brain size) or socio ecological variables (e.g. social system) (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e. phylogenetic targeting) Here, we explain how an integration of comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary processes that drove their evolution.
Occult head injuries in infants evaluated for physical abuse.
Venue: Child abuse neglect
Year: 2020

Abusive head injuries in infants may be occult but clinically or forensically important. Data conflict regarding yield of neuroimaging in detecting occult head injuries in infants evaluated for physical abuse, with prior studies identifying yields of 4.3 37.3 OBJECTIVES (1) To quantify yield of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in identification of occult head injuries in infants with concerns for physical abuse and (2) to evaluate risk factors for occult head injuries.  We conducted a retrospective, stratified, random systematic sample of 529 infants <12 months evaluated for physical abuse at 4 urban children's hospitals in the United States from 2008 2012. Infants with signs or symptoms suggesting head injury or skull fracture on plain radiography (N 359) and infants without neuroimaging (N 1) were excluded.  Sampling weights were applied to calculate proportions of infants with occult head injuries. We evaluated for associations between hypothesized risk factors (age <6 months, rib or extremity fracture, facial bruising) and occult head injury using chi square tests.  Of 169 neurologically normal infants evaluated for abuse, occult head injury was identified in 6.5 (95 CI: 2.6, 15.8) Infants <6 months were at higher risk (9.7 95 CI: 3.6, 23.3) than infants 6 12 months (1.0 95 CI: 1.3, 20.2) Rib fracture, extremity fracture and facial bruising were not associated with occult head injury.  Occult head injuries were less frequent than previously reported in some studies, but were identified in 1 in 10 infants <6 months. Clinicians should have a low threshold to obtain neuroimaging in young infants with concern for abuse.
How Young, Uninsured Americans Respond to News Coverage of Obamacare: An Experimental Test of an Affective Mediation Model
Year: 2017

This experiment integrated theory from multiple domains to examine how aspects of news coverage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and differences in participants' cognitive and emotional contingent conditions interact to shape attitudes and behavioral intentions toward health care legislation. Using a sample of uninsured young adults (N 1,056) we tested an affective mediation model, which assessed the mechanisms through which media frames, exemplar case studies, and individual predispositions affect this type of news consumer. Results demonstrate the complicated pathways through which emotions mediate the effects of news coverage of ACA based on political predispositions, the need for orientation toward the health care issue, and the influence of equivalency framing in the form of example cases. These findings contribute to a more nuanced explanation of the causal mechanisms underpinning framing effects of public policy news coverage on an understudied population. The need for further examination of emotion along with cognition when investigating framing effects of public policy news is discussed, and the importance of exemplar cases as a significant manifestation of the effects equivalence framing is highlighted.
Crowdfunding: A promising alternative to turn dreams into reality Norhafiza Nordin, Faizah Ismail and Zaemah Zainuddin
Year: 2017

Crowdfunding, an Internet based fundraising method is gaining popularity for its fast and simpler process. Despite its importance and rapid development, little scholarly literature exists to discuss about this topic. To address this gap, this paper reviews some issues in crowdfunding based on the information gathered from a desktop research. In particular, this paper discusses the crowdfunding's application, potentials and challenges. Focus is given on how crowdfunding platforms work and their implications both to the founders and funders. How these platforms help to solicit funds from the "crowd" in order to realize projects, which face difficulty to obtain bank loans or any other traditional financing. Using the platforms, an entrepreneur (founder) will be able to obtain external financing from a very large audience. Each individual (funder) will contribute a small amount to raise the targeted amount, enough to finance the project. This method of fundraising saves time and money. Although it offers great potentials and benefits, crowdfunding is not without risk. Since many founders involve start ups, the risk is quite high. Therefore, rules and regulations must be further developed and implemented in order to protect the interests of both parties (founders and funders)
Joint Multi item Multi supplier Sustainable Lot sizing Model Applying Combined BWM, TOPSIS, Possibilistic Programming, and e constraint Method
Year: 2021

Procurement decisions play a vital part in the sustainable transformation of the supply chain. Till now, a variety of supplier selection and lot sizing models have been suggested, in particular, focusing on carbon emissions in a deterministic environment. It is noted that stressing only on carbon emissions cannot fully transform a sustainable supply chain. The present study argues that with carbon footprint, other dimensions, such as social sustainability, water footprint, recycled material use, solid and liquid waste, need to be considered in sustainable procurement decisions. To fill the gaps, this study proposed a three stage multi objective multi supplier, multi period joint supplier selection, and a lot sizing model, taking into account carbon footprint, water footprint, solid and liquid waste, and use of recycled materials in a stochastic environment. The model optimizes three objectives (cost, carbon emission, and social sustainability) The model considers different model parameters as uncertain, such as costs, emission, solid waste, liquid waste, recycled material, quality rejection, and capacity. The present study suggests how to quantify social sustainability and further use it in the lot sizing model. The proposed study has been carried out in three stages. In the first stage, BWM (Best Worst method) and TOPSIS are applied to evaluate suppliers' social scores. In the second stage, the suppliers' social scores are used in the proposed possibilistic lot sizing model. In the third stage, various trade off curves are generated by applying the e constraint method. The model produces distinct optimal solutions for different uncertainty levels, which are used to create trade off curves among the cost, emission, and social dimensions. The results facilitate decision makers to decide the lot size in an ambiguous environment.
RPIM: Inferring BGP Routing Policies in ISP Networks
Venue: 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2011
Year: 2011

BGP dictates routing between autonomous systems with rich policy mechanisms in today's Internet. Operators translate high level policy objectives into low level router configurations without a comprehensive understanding of the actual effects on the network behavior, leaving the routing management an error prone and time consuming procedure. A fundamental question is: how to verify the intended routing principles against the actual routing effects of an ISP? In this paper, we develop a Routing Policy Inference Model (RPIM) as the first step towards addressing this fundamental issue. RPIM extracts various policy patterns from the BGP routing tables and translates them into high level policy objectives of the ISP using a grouping and matching technique. Our work bridges the gap between the high level policy objectives and the actual routing effects, which provides network operators with a novel approach to verify their policy design principles, thus facilitating the routing management. We evaluate our approach by extensive simulations using the Internet AS level topology from CAIDA and the real routing data from the Abilene network. Simulation results show that RPIM achieves over 78.94% average inference accuracy in our suggested optimal threshold range. We also verify RPIM on several operating ISPs by the registered policies in an Internet Routing Registry (IRR) A representative case study on AS3292 demonstrates that RPIM effectively infers high level policy objectives from routing data.
Gravity Redux: Measuring International Trade Costs with Panel Data
Year: 2008

Barriers to international trade are known to be large. But have they become smaller over time? Building on the gravity framework by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) I derive an analytical solution for time varying multilateral resistance variables that can be related to observable trade data. This solution makes it possible to infer time varying bilateral trade costs directly from the model's gravity equation without imposing arbitrary trade cost functions. As an illustration, I show that U.S. trade costs with major trading partners declined on average by about 40 percent between 1970 and 2000, with Mexico and Canada experiencing the biggest reductions.
Pengaruh Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru pada SMA Swasta Perkumpulan Amal Bakti 4 Sampali Medan
Year: 2020

Kepuasan kerja guru menjadi salah satu faktor yang harus diperhatikan, apabila guru merasakan kepuasan dalam dalam bekerja, maka akan tercipta semangat kerja yang tinggi sehingga tujuan sekolah dapat tercapai secara maksimal. Banyak usaha yang telah dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja guru. Diantaranya adalah dengan memberikan kompensasi yang sesuai, melengkapi dan menyiapkan berbagai sarana dan prasarana yang diperlukan guru dalam mengajar, memberikan motivasi kepada guru dan lain sebagainya. Namun, usaha yang sudah dilaksanakan tampaknya belum memperlihatkan hasil yang memuaskan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi, lingkungan kerja dan motivasi terhadap kepuasan kerja guru pada SMA Swasta Perkumpulan Amal Bakti 4 Sampali Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan asosiatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh atau hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial kompensasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja Secara parsial lingkungan kerja memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja Secara parsial motivasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Secara simultan kompensasi, lingkungan kerja dan motivasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja
Analysis and modelling of tsunami induced tilt for the 2007, M 7.6, Tocopilla and the 2010, M 8.8 Maule earthquakes, Chile, from long base tiltmeter and broadband seismometer records
Year: 2013

We present a detailed study of tsunami induced tilt at in land sites, to test the interest and feasibility of such analysis for tsunami detection and modelling. We studied tiltmeter and broadband seismometer records of northern Chile, detecting a clear signature of the tsunamis generated by the 2007 Tocopilla (M 7.6) and the 2010 Maule (M 8.8) earthquakes. We find that these records are dominated by the tilt due to the elastic loading of the oceanic floor, with a small effect of the horizontal gravitational attraction. We modelled the Maule tsunami using the seismic source model proposed by Delouis et al. and a bathymetric map, correctly fitting three tide gauge records of the area (Antofagasta, Iquique and Arica) At all the closest stations (7 STS2, 2 long base tiltmeters) we correctly modelled the first few hours of the tilt signal for the Maule tsunami. The only phase mismatch is for the site that is closer to the ocean. We find a tilt response of 0.005 0.01 mm at 7 km away from the coastline in response to a sea level amplitude change of 10 cm. For the Maule earthquake, we observe a clear tilt signal starting 20 min before the arrival time of the tsunami at the nearest point on the coastline. This capability of tilt or seismic sensors to detect distant tsunamis before they arrive has been successfully tested with a scenario megathrust in the southern Peru northern Chile seismic gap. However, for large events near the stations, this analysis may no longer be feasible, due to the large amplitude of the long period seismic signals expected to obscure the loading signal. Inland tilt measurements of tsunamis smooth out short, often unmodelled wavelengths of the sea level perturbation, thus providing robust, large scale images of the tsunami. Furthermore, tilt measurements are not expected to saturate even for the largest run ups, nor to suffer from near coast tsunami damages. Tiltmeters and broadband seismometers are thus valuable instruments for monitoring tsunamis in complement with tide gauge arrays.
A Modular Approach to Random Task Graph Generation
Year: 2016

Validation of the robustness, efficiency of allocation and scheduling heuristics in large scale parallel and distributed systems is usually done using synthetic randomly generated workloads, represented by task graphs. We provide a modular approach to the problem of generating random Directed Acyclic Graphs(DAGs) called Modular Random Task Graph generator (MRTG) making it very flexible for the researchers to use. Modular open source approach provides a great advantage for future development as more modules can be added without disturbing the existing stable software. The task nodes are placement randomly using a layer by layer approach and then connected randomly. Paramount importance has been given to user controlled randomness in developing this algorithm. The MRTG can generate task sets containing several different types of task graphs like rooted trees, isomorphic graphs and similar graphs with same node placement but different connections, with the flexibility to dictate the type of graph generated. In this paper, we also present a comparison of MRTG with existing solutions to the random task graph generation problem.
Editorial
Year: 2015

I am delighted to present to you an ethnically and culturally diverse range of articles, all relevant to substance use, misuse and abuse trajectories, and engagement in innovative treatment modalities. Surendra K. Mattoo and colleagues present interesting findings in their article on Indian substance users, their family members' perceptions of stigma toward substance use, and the interplay of family support and willingness to engage in substance disorder treatment pathways. Findings illustrate how stigma is perceived similarly by substance dependent patients and their family members in India, and how successful and appropriate methods of stigma reduction are likely from what works in the West, given a low literacy rate and different approaches to law enforcement. In the next article, W. Scott Comulada and colleagues report on compliance to cell phone based ecological momentary assessment (CEMA) among Latino youth in outpatient treatment, which indicates that CEMA can potentially overcome retrospective self report biases when monitoring drug use in adolescent substance users, and presents a viable monitoring tool. This research provides an important proof of concept for the administration of text message based CEMA in adolescent outpatient settings, given its encouraging findings relating to compliance and its potential for use in all forms of patient mobile phones. Sarah Herbert and Christine Stephens investigated alcohol use, hazardous and binge drinking prevalence, and their relationships to socio demographic variables in community dwelling older Maori adults in New Zealand using the AUDIT C, with reported high rates of hazardous and binge drinking prevalence presenting a concern with regard to the health of older Maori people. Results indicate that social networks, gender, smoking status, and cultural identification potentially influence the social patterning of hazardous and binge drinking alcohol use among older Maori, warranting further investigation. Silvia L. Acosta and colleagues examined whether discrimination experienced by Hispanic Latino adolescents was directly associated with adolescent alcohol use or indirectly associated with adolescent alcohol use via mediation by ethnic identity and or peer associations. Perceived discrimination was indirectly related to alcohol consumption through positive (nondrinking) peer affiliations. Ethnic identity was found to moderate the relationship between discrimination and positive peer affiliation. The findings contribute Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 14:221 222, 2015
Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective on Outlook, Dilemmas, and Controversies
Year: 2017

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is the process of examining the performance of various medical treatments against each other. Many factors can affect how CER is performed and what conclusions are derived from any given study. Though the gold standard in health care research remains the randomized controlled trial, CER studies that utilize real world evidence can be valuable, as long as such studies are fit for purpose, have a rigorous methodology, and are easily interpretable and sources of bias have been minimized and disclosed. Though technological advances make it increasingly easier to perform sophisticated comparative analyses using ever larger and increasingly detailed datasets, adoption and dissemination of CER by the US pharmaceutical industry has been surprisingly slow. This may be due to myriad of factors including regulatory and legal pitfalls, economic incentives, cultural influences, and public perceptions. Nevertheless, in an environment where both technological and economic pressures require smarter, less resource intense ways of understanding the value and benefit of all existing treatments, CER has tremendous potential to improve decision making through its evidence based approach to treatment choices. Alternative ways of conducting, interpreting, and disseminating CER should be a priority for the industry.
A fluorene terminated hole transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Year: 2018

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require both high efficiency and good long term stability if they are to be commercialized. It is crucial to finely optimize the energy level matching between the perovskites and hole transporting materials to achieve better performance. Here, we synthesize a fluorene terminated hole transporting material with a fine tuned energy level and a high glass transition temperature to ensure highly efficient and thermally stable PSCs. We use this material to fabricate photovoltaic devices with 23.2% efficiency (under reverse scanning) with a steady state efficiency of 22.85% for small area ~0.094 cm2) cells and 21.7% efficiency (under reverse scanning) for large area ~1 cm2) cells. We also achieve certified efficiencies of 22.6% (small area cells, ~0.094 cm2) and 20.9% (large area, ~1 cm2) The resultant device shows better thermal stability than the device with spiro OMeTAD, maintaining almost 95% of its initial performance for more than 500 h after thermal annealing at 60 degC.Interfacial losses between device layers play a key role in determining characteristics of solar cells. Jeon et al. address this in perovskite solar cells by synthesizing a hole transporting layer that is better matched to the surrounding layers, and show high efficiency and high stability devices.
Maximum life span strategy for target tracking in mobile sensor networks
Venue: 2012 American Control Conference (ACC)
Year: 2012

In this paper, an energy efficient technique is proposed for tracking a target in a field using a network of mobile sensors while maximizing the life span of the network. The most important energy consumption sources in a mobile sensor network (MSN) are sensing, communication and movement of the sensors. In the proposed technique, first the field is divided into a grid of arbitrarily small cells. This grid is then used to obtain a graph with properly weighted edges. The weight assignment is done in such a way that it results in a close estimate of the maximum lifetime for the network. Finally, using a shortest path algorithm, an efficient route is found to transfer information from the target to destination.
Aspirations and Farmers Investment Choices An Investigation of Aspirations Failure in South Africa
Year: 2018

Recent literature in development and welfare economics tackles the interaction between aspirations and investment and their role in sustaining poverty. Our paper investigates this relationship by exploring income aspirations of emerging farmers and their investments in agriculture inputs in South Africa. It follows the theoretical approach introduced by Appadurai (2004) and Ray (2006) and employs a simplified version of the empirical model introduced by Janzen et al. (2017) We find no significant evidence of aspirations failure or the inverse U shaped relationship that is predicted by the theory. Our analysis does not show any effects nor does it predict different hypothesis. We provide possible attributes for these outcomes, mainly on the design of the survey, type of investments, and motives behind engaging in small scale agribusiness. Acknowledgement We express our sincere gratitude to the Department of Agriculture Economics at the University of Stellenbosch, the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) and the great team of enumerators for their dedication, for providing valuable insights and for assisting with the survey in the field.