nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Does corporate social responsibility reduce financial distress risk?
Year: 2020

This paper examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects the level of financial distress risk (FDR) Using a sample of 1201 US listed firms during 1991 2012, our results indicate that firms with higher CSR levels have lower FDR, suggesting that a better CSR performance makes firms more creditworthy and have better access to financing, which is rewarded with less financial defaults. This finding is robust to using alternative proxies of FDR, to controlling for potential endogeneity, and is mainly driven by the community, diversity, employee relations, and environmental dimensions of CSR. Moreover, this relationship is more prevalent in firms with strong governance mechanisms and high product market competition. It is also more exacerbated for less distressed firms and during non crisis periods. Overall, our findings suggest that the adoption of CSR practices comes with less distress and default risks, likely leading to a more attractive corporate environment, better financial stability and more crisis resilient economies.
Narrowing the discourse? Growing precarity in freelance journalism and its effect on the construction of news discourse
Year: 2019

As the number of freelance journalists increases, the changing nature of work in journalism has effects and possible implications for the kinds of news discourses that are circulated. This paper explores the experiences of freelance journalists in the Republic of Ireland in the context of increasing casualised work. We consider whether challenging working conditions impacts the type of journalism work carried out by freelancers and by extension influences the construction of news and wider discourse. Following the constructionist school, this paper explores the journalistic routines and practices employed by freelancers who are often constrained by resources and time. We do so to consider the impact of these influences on discourse before the text. The study was conducted by interviewing freelance journalists about their lived experiences. This paper contributes to debates around journalism's so called 'fourth estate' function. In particular we question if this role is undermined by changes in the working environment of freelance journalists and posit that growing precarity in the news industry may act to constrain journalism that challenges power.
Wide scale integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the National Airspace System through a fault tree analysis approach
Venue: 2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)
Year: 2017

The introduction of Title 14 of the code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 107 by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has begun widespread integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) Manned and unmanned aircraft will be occupying the same volumes of airspace for which the safety levels must be upheld. In order to preserve these levels of safety, a thorough scientific and systematic integration approach must be implemented. Until this point, aircraft certifications for operation in the NAS have been based upon the assumption that a pilot flies the aircraft from an in fuselage cockpit. To maintain equivalency for unmanned aircraft operations, these implicit assumptions must be identified and translated to an unmanned aircraft context. A formal system safety assessment approach was initiated with a fault tree analysis to identify assumptions contingent on the pilot's presence inside the aircraft and areas of weakness in operational equivalency. A UAS fault tree framework is proposed as a translation from the accepted manned aircraft fault tree model. This framework is applicable to UAS of different classes, sizes, and operational modes. A database of international UAS accidents and incidents occurring 2001 2016 was used to categorize reported failure events and develop trend data identifying areas of concern for integration. This database was categorized by the UAS Fault Tree Framework Level 1 Subsystems and ICAO/CAST Aviation Occurrences. The most commonly occurring Aviation Occurrence was System/Component Failure (Non Power plant) Trend data indicates areas of integration and reliability concern including the Aircraft/System and Flight Crew/Human Factors Level 1 Subsystem categories. The common ICAO/CAST Aviation Occurrences identified were different than those for fatal accidents in manned commercial aviation operations. High system reliability and formal aircraft system certification are needed to achieve equivalent levels of safety between manned and unmanned operations in the NAS. Additionally, pilot/crew training requirements for unmanned operations must be developed independently of existing manned aircraft training standards and must be evaluated to ensure effective systematic risk mitigation to the appropriate levels of safety.
Finite indentation of highly curved elastic shells
Venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Year: 2018

Experimentally measuring the elastic properties of thin biological surfaces is non trivial, particularly when they are curved. One technique that may be used is the indentation of a thin sheet of material by a rigid indenter, while measuring the applied force and displacement. This gives immediate information on the fracture strength of the material (from the force required to puncture) but it is also theoretically possible to determine the elastic properties by comparing the resulting force displacement curves with a mathematical model. Existing mathematical studies generally assume that the elastic surface is initially flat, which is often not the case for biological membranes. We previously outlined a theory for the indentation of curved isotropic, incompressible, hyperelastic membranes (with no bending stiffness) which breaks down for highly curved surfaces, as the entire membrane becomes wrinkled. Here, we introduce the effect of bending stiffness, ensuring that energy is required to change the shell shape without stretching, and find that commonly neglected terms in the shell equilibrium equation must be included. The theory presented here allows for the estimation of shape and size independent elastic properties of highly curved surfaces via indentation experiments, and is particularly relevant for biological surfaces.
A hybrid approach to Vietnamese word segmentation
Venue: 2016 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF)
Year: 2016

Word segmentation is the very first task for Vietnamese language processing. Word segmented text is the input of almost other NLP tasks. This task faces some challenges due to specific characteristics of the language. As in many other Asian languages such as Japanese, Korean and Chinese, white spaces in Vietnamese are not always used as word separators and a word may contain one or more syllables. In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid approach to detect word boundary for Vietnamese texts using logistic regression as a binary classifier combining with longest matching algorithm. First, longest matching algorithm is used to catch words that contain more than two syllables in input sentence. Next, the system utilizes the classifier to determine the boundary of 2 syllable words and proper names. Then, the predictions having low confidence conducted by the classifier are verified by a dictionary to get the final result. Our system can achieve an F measure of 98.82% which is the most accurate result for Vietnamese word segmentation to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the system also has a high speed. It can run word segmentation for nearly 34k tokens per second.
Educacion y atencion a la primera infancia en la ciudad de Valencia
Year: 2016

Familia y escuela son los contextos de desarrollo y educacion por excelencia. La importancia que estos ambientes educativos tienen en el desarrollo de la infancia y las relaciones que se establecen entre la familia y la escuela son determinantes en el desarrollo de las y los menores. En la investigacion 'Modelos Parentales y Demandas Educativas' cuyos resultados presentamos en este trabajo, estudiamos como se produce la transicion del entorno familiar al sistema educativo, un hito importante en la vida de las personas que se vincula ademas con otros episodios vitales y etapas madurativas como son el desarrollo de la autonomia y la socializacion con los otros significantes. En el estudio colaboran diecisiete Centros de Educacion Infantil de la ciudad de Valencia y doscientas cincuenta y dos madres y padres de menores, de hasta 3 anos de edad, escolarizados en la ciudad de Valencia en alguno de los centros colaboradores. En este informe se presentan los principales resultados acerca de la relacion entre modelos de parentalidad y demandas educativas extraidas del proyecto. Daniel Gabaldon Estevan es licenciado en Sociologia por la Universitat d'Alacant, y licenciado en Ciencias Politicas y de la Administracion por la Universitat de Valencia. Formado como investigador en el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas es doctor por la Universitat de Valencia. Trabaja actualmente en Departamento de Sociologia y Antropologia Social de la Universitat de Valencia donde viene impartiendo clases de sociologia de la educacion en el Grado en Maestro/a en Educacion Infantil y en Educacion Primaria asi como en el Master Universitario en Profesor/a de Educacion Secundaria y en el Grado en Pedagogia. Su actividad investigadora se ha materializado en la direccion de dos proyectos de investigacion y la participacion en numerosos otros, todos en concurrencia competitiva. Es autor y co autor de numerosos libros, capitulos de libro y articulos cientificos en revistas indexadas. Ha realizado, entre otras, estancias en el Department of Teacher Education (Helsinki University) y en el School of Educational Sciences (Tallinn University) Coleccion Infancia y Adolescencia
Teaching of Relationship between the digital competencies of primary school teachers and the educational use of technology in the classroom
Year: 2014

This investigation has a quantitative approach and has as principal aim identify the relationship between the Basic Education teachers' digital competencies and the educational use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) With this intention survey was applied to a group of 127 teachers of 6th degree of primary and 5th degree of secondary in 40 schools of nine districts of Lima. From the obtained information, three groups of competencies were identified: basic technological, pedagogic and complex technological, being major the presence of the first ones, followed by the pedagogic competencies and finally, the complex technological competencies. Likewise, there have been identified two types of technological use in the classrooms: personnel professional and with the student in the class, being confirmed that in personnel professional level, the resources most used by the professorship are the processor of texts and Internet, and the use with the students is centred on the organization of the work in the classroom and with fewer frequency on interaction with pupils. Also low correlations exist between the digital competencies of teachers and the frequency of educational use of the technologies in the classrooms, nevertheless there is a major correlation with the complex technological competencies.
Air emissions perspective on energy efficiency: An empirical analysis of China's coastal areas
Year: 2017

Improving energy efficiency has been recognized as the most effective way to reduce the greenhouse effect and achieve sustainable development. From the perspective of air emissions, this paper adopts data envelopment analysis approach to evaluate the energy efficiency in China's coastal areas over the period of 2000 2012. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are treated as undesirable outputs of energy consumptions. The proposed global Epsilon based measure is used to estimate the static energy efficiency with an annual cross section of data. The weights of the three undesirable outputs are determined according to their treatment costs. A global Malmquist Luenberger productivity index based on directional distance function is employed to dynamically evaluate the energy efficiency. The results indicate the following in China's coastal areas: (1) the level of economic development is positively related to energy efficiency scores; (2) energy efficiency scores decrease when considering undesirable outputs except Beijing and Hainan; (3) the Circum Bohai Sea Economic Region greatly improves energy efficiency and has great potential of air emission; (4) the annual growth rate of Malmquist Luenberger productivity index change is overestimated; (5) energy efficiency improvement is mainly driven by technological improvement, and scale efficiency and management level are the main obstacles.
A Study of Methods involved in human and computer interaction
Year: 2020

Human computer interaction (HCI) research covers technical and human behavior issues. Therefore, contributions to human computer interaction research often make people aware of engineering and social sciences at the same time. At HCI, the purpose of practical research contributions is to reveal unknown concepts about human behavior and its relationship with technology. The practical research methods commonly used in HCI include formal experiments, field experiments, field studies, interviews, focus groups, surveys, usability testing, case studies, daily research, ethnography, background research, experience sampling and automatic compilation. data. In this document, we report on the use of evaluation methods, focus groups, surveys and interviews, and how we use these methods to develop artifacts: interface design or information and technology systems. The four items are examples of different application methods that are usedto gather information about users 'wishes, habits, practices, concerns, and preferences. Here, you can also see the organization within the system approach, which means that system outages and even failures can be characterized and improved. The term flexibility has been applied to many fields such as real estate, economics, sports, events, business, psychology and so on. In this study, we emphasized that resilience also consists of a series of different abilities and abilities (self awareness, creating meaning from other experiences, self efficacy, optimism, and building strong interpersonal relationships) which is what people should have Some basic elements are used in conjunction with the process of increasing the organization 's resilience. Resilience improves understanding of the resources available to people facing existing problems.
Inflammatory phenotypes in patients with severe asthma are associated with distinct airway microbiology
Venue: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Year: 2018

&NA; Figure. No caption available.  Asthma pathophysiology and treatment responsiveness are predicted by inflammatory phenotype. However, the relationship between airway microbiology and asthma phenotype is poorly understood.  We aimed to characterize the airway microbiota in patients with symptomatic stable asthma and relate composition to airway inflammatory phenotype and other phenotypic characteristics.  The microbial composition of induced sputum specimens collected from adult patients screened for a multicenter randomized controlled trial was determined by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inflammatory phenotypes were defined by sputum neutrophil and eosinophil cell proportions. Microbiota were defined by using &agr; and &bgr; diversity measures, and interphenotype differences were identified by using similarity of percentages, network analysis, and taxon fold change. Phenotypic predictors of airway microbiology were identified by using multivariate linear regression.  Microbiota composition was determined in 167 participants and classified as eosinophilic (n 84) neutrophilic (n 14) paucigranulocytic (n 60) or mixed neutrophilic eosinophilic (n 9) asthma phenotypes. Airway microbiology was significantly less diverse (P .022) and more dissimilar (P .005) in neutrophilic compared with eosinophilic participants. Sputum neutrophil proportions, but not eosinophil proportions, correlated significantly with these diversity measures &agr; diversity: Spearman r 0.374, P .001; &bgr; diversity: r 0.238, P .002) Interphenotype differences were characterized by a greater frequency of pathogenic taxa at high relative abundance and reduced Streptococcus, Gemella, and Porphyromonas taxa relative abundance in patients with neutrophilic asthma. Multivariate regression confirmed that sputum neutrophil proportion was the strongest predictor of microbiota composition.  Neutrophilic asthma is associated with airway microbiology that is significantly different from that seen in patients with other inflammatory phenotypes, particularly eosinophilic asthma. Differences in microbiota composition might influence the response to antimicrobial and steroid therapies and the risk of lung infection.
Generative image transformer (GIT) unsupervised continuous image generative and transformable model for [123I]FP CIT SPECT images
Venue: Annals of Nuclear Medicine
Year: 2021

Recently, generative adversarial networks began to be actively studied in the field of medical imaging. These models are used for augmenting the variation of images to improve the accuracy of computer aided diagnosis. In this paper, we propose an alternative new image generative model based on transformer decoder blocks and verify the performance of our model in generating SPECT images that have characteristics of Parkinson's disease patients. Firstly, we proposed a new model architecture that is based on a transformer decoder block and is extended to generate slice images. From few superior slices of 3D volume, our model generates the rest of the inferior slices sequentially. Our model was trained by using [123I]FP CIT SPECT images of Parkinson's disease patients that originated from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database. Pixel values of SPECT images were normalized by the specific/nonspecific binding ratio (SNBR) After training the model, we generated [123I]FP CIT SPECT images. The transformation of images of the healthy control case SPECT images into PD like images was also performed. Generated images were visually inspected and evaluated using the mean absolute value and asymmetric index. Our model was successfully generated and transformed into PD like SPECT images. The mean absolute SNBR was mostly less than 0.15 in absolute value. The variation of the obtained dataset images was confirmed by the analysis of the asymmetric index. These results showed the potential ability of our new generative approach for SPECT images that the generative model based on the transformer realized both generation and transformation by a single model.
Readiness of the Unioun Parishad for Achieving the Decent Work and Economic Growth Goal of SDGs: A Case Study of Chandanpath Union Parishad, Rangpur Sadar, Rangpur,Bangladesh
Year: 2018

This After 2015 Sustainable Development Goals or UN Agenda 2030 is now a reality to go with this goals and targets for its all member countries. The purpose of this paper is to account for how lowest tier of our local government that is Union Parishad can help to achieve sustainable development Goals. In this paper my objective is to know whether our Union Parishad is ready to achieve SDGs Goal no 08 that is "Decent Work and Economic Growth" or not. To do this I have chosen a Union Parishd which is "Chandanpath" under Rangpur Sadar, Rangpur. I have collected my information through face to face interview of Public Representatives of Chandanpath UP, Focused Group Discussion with stakeholders and related document analysis. Combination of document analysis and information gained through interviews shows that our local governments are not in ready position to respond to and address today's development challenges. After studying the different relevant documents we see that in developed countries local government playing a vital role in educating, mobilizing, cultural awareness, reduced prejudices and stereotypes, increased understanding of global inequality, and knowledge of the partner community and country responding to the public to promote decent work and contributing sustainable economic development. Though this practices on ground unequal, but in our country lack of knowledge and competence of public representatives, political unwillingness and insufficient resource are hindering the cooperation from having a larger impact in unemployment situation. This knowledge from study can be used to take further necessary steps from the policy planners and implementers of our country in a new light to achieve real economic growth.
Multiple unexplained fractures in infants and child physical abuse
Venue: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Year: 2018

When an infant presents with X rays showing multiple unexplained fractures in various stages of healing (MUFVSH) the child is usually diagnosed with child abuse based on criteria of the Academy of Pediatrics' Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect (AAPCCAAN) Almost always, the infant is subsequently removed from the home and civil or criminal proceeding commence. It may be that healing infantile rickets or other poorly understood metabolic bone disorders of infancy are responsible for these x rays. Activated vitamin D is a seco steroid hormone, whose mechanism of action is genetic regulation. Lack of it can result in musculoskeletal defects known as rickets. Low calcium can also cause rickets. However, it is clear that experts for the state believe that the x rays in these cases are so definitive as to be pathognomonic for child abuse. Therefore, if the caregivers deny abusing their infants, experts following American Academy of Pediatric's Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. guidelines are essentially claiming that x rays showing multiple unexplained fractures in various stages of healing are lie detector tests. However, it is not widely appreciated that the gold standard for the diagnosis of rickets is a bone biopsy, not x rays, as radiologists miss biopsy proven rickets 80% of the time; that is, 4 out of 5 infants with rickets will have normal x rays. In this article we provide reports of two cases and their outcomes. We discuss information about healing infantile rickets and an example of common sense medical conclusions in these cases. This information could lead to a significant reduction in the number of innocent parents having their infant removed or sent to prison.