nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Crack detection using image processing: A critical review and analysis
Year: 2017

Cracks on the concrete surface are one of the earliest indications of degradation of the structure which is critical for the maintenance as well the continuous exposure will lead to the severe damage to the environment. Manual inspection is the acclaimed method for the crack inspection. In the manual inspection, the sketch of the crack is prepared manually, and the conditions of the irregularities are noted. Since the manual approach completely depends on the specialist's knowledge and experience, it lacks objectivity in the quantitative analysis. So, automatic image based crack detection is proposed as a replacement. Literature presents different techniques to automatically identify the crack and its depth using image processing techniques. In this research, a detailed survey is conducted to identify the research challenges and the achievements till in this field. Accordingly, 50 research papers are taken related to crack detection, and those research papers are reviewed. Based on the review, analysis is provided based on the image processing techniques, objectives, accuracy level, error level, and the image data sets. Finally, we present the various research issues which can be useful for the researchers to accomplish further research on the crack detection.
Process systems Engineering: Academic and industrial perspectives
Venue: Comput. Chem. Eng.
Year: 2019

In this paper, we present both academic and industrial perspectives on the research and applications of Process Systems Engineering (PSE) After a brief introduction on the history of PSE, we describe the major research accomplishments in the areas of process simulation, conceptual design and synthesis, process control, process operations and optimization. This is followed by a discussion on the industrial impact and benefits of this work, which have made it to be industrially relevant. Next, we address the issue of the current standing of PSE both in academia and in industry, and for which we present results of a survey conducted by the authors. Finally, we close with a discussion on future challenges in PSE from both the industrial and academic perspectives.
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabet
Year: 2017

The International Diabetes Federation indicates th at Turkey is among the first five countries with the highest rate of diabetes in term s of both prevalence and population.  This cross sectional study aims to determine the f actors that affect glycemic controls, and attitudes of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.  This study included patients who visited the inter al medicine and endocrinology polyclinics of the hospitals in three different reg ions of Turkey during September and December of 2015. Regression analysis was carried out for indep endent groups to analyze the relationships between the variables.  The present study indicated that insulin treatment health perception, and duration of diabetes affected glycemic control and explained 17 .0% of the total variance, while insulin treatment and coexistence of other chronic diseases ff cted diabetes attitudes and explained 4.0% of the total variance. Type 2 diabetes patients had more positive attitudes toward diabetes.  In addition to diabetes, coexistence of a chronic disease negatively affected patients' attitudes towards their disease. A longer duration of type 2 diabetes, insulin treatment and patients' perception that they had poor health were found to be related to a higher level of HbA1c in the patients.
Review of Heat Exchangers Enabled by Polymer and Polymer Composite Additive Manufacturing
Year: 2018

This paper presents an overview of the most common polymer additive manufacturing processes, including vat photopolymerization, material jetting, sheet lamination, powder bed fusion, and fused filament fabrication. Next, the general strengths and challenges of the common methods are discussed and are followed by discussions on efforts to increase thermal performance of polymers used with the various manufacturing methods. Finally, heat exchangers enabled by polymer additive manufacturing are reviewed to show that novel designs in metal, ceramic, and polymer heat exchangers can be made possible by the unique properties of polymers and the advantages offered by additive manufacturing. By reporting what has been proven possible and the associated challenges we hope to stimulate the community and further development in a burgeoning field enabled by polymer additive manufacturing.
Improved Antitumor Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells that Secrete Single Domain Antibody Fragments
Venue: Cancer Immunology Research
Year: 2020

CAR T cells that target the tumor microenvironment are designed to secrete immune modulating single domain antibodies that can engage the innate immune system, cause epitope spreading, and evade checkpoint immunosuppression by the tumor. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is effective in the treatment of cancers of hematopoietic origin. In the immunosuppressive solid tumor environment, CAR T cells encounter obstacles that compromise their efficacy. We developed a strategy to address these barriers by having CAR T cells secrete single domain antibody fragments [variable heavy domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHH) or nanobodies] that can modify the intratumoral immune landscape and thus support CAR T cell function in immunocompetent animals. VHHs are small in size and able to avoid domain swapping when multiple nanobodies are expressed simultaneously features that can endow CAR T cells with desirable properties. The secretion of an anti CD47 VHH by CAR T cells improves engagement of the innate immune system, enables epitope spreading, and can enhance the antitumor response. CAR T cells that secrete anti PD L1 or anti CTLA 4 nanobodies show improved persistence and demonstrate the versatility of this approach. Furthermore, local delivery of secreted anti CD47 VHH Fc fusions by CAR T cells at the tumor site limits their systemic toxicity. CAR T cells can be further engineered to simultaneously secrete multiple modalities, allowing for even greater tailoring of the antitumor immune response.
Physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiber board (MDF) fabricated from banana plant (Musa sapientum) stem and midrib
Venue: Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science
Year: 2014

This study was under taken to identify the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from banana plant (Musa sapientum) and to evaluate the potential use of banana plant as a raw material of MDF. Two types of board were produced namely banana stem and mid rib of banana leaf MDF. Properties of both types of board compared with market MDF. Physical and mechanical properties were examined. The density of banana stem MDF, mid rib of banana leaf MDF and market MDF were respectively 0.78, 0.74 and 0.72 g/cm3. The MOR of banana stem MDF, mid rib of banana leaf MDF and market MDF was 50.91, 45.30 and 40.65 N/mm2, respectively. The MOE for banana stem MDF, mid rib of banana leaf MDF and market MDF was 3,939.25, 3,606.17 and 3,518.63 N/mm2, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the both types of board were better than market MDF. The both types of board follow the standard and it can be a good source of raw material for MDF industries.
The Ordinal Effects of Ostracism: A Meta Analysis of 120 Cyberball Studies
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2015

We examined 120 Cyberball studies (N 11,869) to determine the effect size of ostracism and conditions under which the effect may be reversed, eliminated, or small. Our analyses showed that (1) the average ostracism effect is large (d |1.4| and (2) generalizes across structural aspects (number of players, ostracism duration, number of tosses, type of needs scale) sampling aspects (gender, age, country) and types of dependent measure (interpersonal, intrapersonal, fundamental needs) Further, we test Williams's (2009) proposition that the immediate impact of ostracism is resistant to moderation, but that moderation is more likely to be observed in delayed measures. Our findings suggest that (3) both first and last measures are susceptible to moderation and (4) time passed since being ostracized does not predict effect sizes of the last measure. Thus, support for this proposition is tenuous and we suggest modifications to the temporal need threat model of ostracism.
Cadmium accumulation and physiological response of sunflower plants to Cd during the vegetative growing cycle.
Year: 2018

The effects of soil cadmium (Cd) contamination on Cd accumulation and distribution, growth and physiological responses of sunflower plants were investigated. Plants were subject to six levels of soil contamination (from 2.5 to 15 mg Cd kg/soil) with an untreated control, from the emergence of the cotyledon leaves until the harvest, when plants were at the flower bud stage. An overall increase of Cd concentration was found in all tissues of the plants (roots, stem, young, mature and old leaves) by increasing the Cd contamination in the soil. Regardless of treatments, Cd concentration in roots always exceeded those in the aboveground dry matter with a low translocation from roots to shoots. At early stage of growth, Cd concentration in plants was higher than at the flower bud stage. Soil Cd contamination did not affect plant growth, relative water content and gas exchange parameters. Negative and significant correlation was only found between Cd concentration in the young leaves and chlorophyll concen tration at the end of vegetative growing stage. Roots and old leaves are the main metal sinks suggesting a defense or tolerance mechanism of the plants to avoid toxic levels in physiologically most active apical tissues. These results should be tested in open field to verify the suitability of sunflower in the area of phytotechnologies.
Ranking Paragraphs for Improving Answer Recall in Open Domain Question Answering
Venue: EMNLP
Year: 2018

Recently, open domain question answering (QA) has been combined with machine comprehension models to find answers in a large knowledge source. As open domain QA requires retrieving relevant documents from text corpora to answer questions, its performance largely depends on the performance of document retrievers. However, since traditional information retrieval systems are not effective in obtaining documents with a high probability of containing answers, they lower the performance of QA systems. Simply extracting more documents increases the number of irrelevant documents, which also degrades the performance of QA systems. In this paper, we introduce Paragraph Ranker which ranks paragraphs of retrieved documents for a higher answer recall with less noise. We show that ranking paragraphs and aggregating answers using Paragraph Ranker improves performance of open domain QA pipeline on the four open domain QA datasets by 7.8% on average.
Separate in Latent Space: Unsupervised Single Image Layer Separation
Venue: AAAI
Year: 2020

Many real world vision tasks, such as reflection removal from a transparent surface and intrinsic image decomposition, can be modeled as single image layer separation. However, this problem is highly ill posed, requiring accurately aligned and hard to collect triplet data to train the CNN models. To address this problem, this paper proposes an unsupervised method that requires no ground truth data triplet in training. At the core of the method are two assumptions about data distributions in the latent spaces of different layers, based on which a novel unsupervised layer separation pipeline can be derived. Then the method can be constructed based on the GANs framework with self supervision and cycle consistency constraints, etc. Experimental results demonstrate its successfulness in outperforming existing unsupervised methods in both synthetic and real world tasks. The method also shows its ability to solve a more challenging multi layer separation task.
The relationship between pancreas steatosis and the risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in Chinese adolescents with concurrent obesity and non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Venue: Pediatric obesity
Year: 2020

The incidence of childhood obesity and associated comorbidities are on an increasing trend worldwide. More than 340 million children and adolescents aged between 5 and 19 years old were overweight or had obesity in 2016, from which over 124 million children and adolescents (6% of girls and 8% of boys) had obesity.  To describe the relationship between pancreas steatosis, body fat and the risk of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents with both obesity and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)  Fifty two adolescents with obesity and NAFLD were analysed (14 18 years) stratified into fatty and non fatty pancreas groups using chemical shift encoded MRI pancreas proton density fat fraction =5% Pancreatic, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)/visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes, biochemical and anthropometric parameters were measured. Mann Whitney U test, multiple linear/binary logistic regression analyses and odds ratios were used.  Fifty percent had fatty pancreas, 38% had metabolic syndrome and 81% had insulin resistance. Liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and VAT were independent predictors of insulin resistance (P .006, .016) Pancreas and liver PDFF were both independent predictors of beta cells dysfunction (P .015, .050) and metabolic syndrome (P .021, .041) Presence of fatty pancreas in obesity was associated with insulin resistance (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.39 6.4) and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.70, 95% CI 0.53 5.5)  A significant causal relationship exists between fatty pancreas, fatty liver, body fat and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.  Fatty pancreas is a common finding in adolescents with obesity, with a prevalence rate of 50% in this study cohort. Liver PDFF and VAT are independent predictors of insulin resistance while pancreas PDFF and liver PDFF are independent predictors of both beta cells dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Presence of fatty pancreas at imaging should not be considered as a benign finding but rather as an imaging biomarker of emerging pancreatic metabolic and endocrine dysfunction.
UAV detection with a dataset augmented by domain randomization
Venue: Defense Commercial Sensing
Year: 2020

Object detection for computer vision systems continues to be a complicated problem in real world situations. For instance, autonomous vehicles need to operate with very small margins of error as they encounter safety critical scenarios such as pedestrian and vehicle detection. The increased use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by both government and private citizens has created a need for systems which can reliably detect UAVs in a large variety of conditions and environments. In order to achieve small margins of error, object detection systems, especially those reliant on deep learning methods, require large amounts of annotated data. The use of synthetic datasets provides a way to alleviate the need to collect annotated data. Unfortunately, the nature of synthetic dataset generation introduces a reality and simulation gap that hinders an object detector's ability to generalize on real world data. Domain randomization is a technique that generates a variety of different scenarios in a randomized fashion both to close the reality and simulation gap and to augment a hand crafted dataset. In this paper, we combine the AirSim simulation environment with domain randomization to train a robust object detector. As a final step, we fine tune our object detector on real world data and compare it with object detectors trained solely on real world data.
Capacitor nailing machine
Year: 2014

A capacitor nailing machine comprises a nailing machine body; the nailing machine body is successively provided with a nailing welding device, a capacitor aluminum foil conveying platform, a capacitor aluminum foil conveying wheel, capacitor aluminum foil tensioning wheels and a capacitor aluminum foil winding disc; and a capacitor aluminum foil pressing device is disposed between the nailing welding device and the capacitor aluminum foil conveying wheel, the capacitor aluminum foil pressing device comprises an adjusting rod connected with the nailing machine body, an end, close to the capacitor aluminum foil conveying platform, of the adjusting rod is provided with a pressing wheel, and the height from the pressing wheel to the capacitor aluminum foil conveying platform matches the thickness of capacitor aluminum foils welded with capacitor guide needles. The capacitor nailing machine adopting the technical scheme is simple in structure and can effectively realize welding pressing between different types of the capacitor guide needles and the capacitor aluminum foils, so the capacitor guide needles and the capacitor aluminum foils are connected firmly, and quality of capacitors is improved.
Decentralized Blockchain for Privacy Preserving Large Scale Contact Tracing
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Activity tracking applications and location based services using short range communication (SRC) techniques have been abruptly demanded in the COVID 19 pandemic, especially for automated contact tracing. The attention from both public and policy keeps raising on related practical problems, including \textit{1) how to protect data security and location privacy? 2) how to efficiently and dynamically deploy SRC Internet of Thing (IoT) witnesses to monitor large areas? To answer these questions, in this paper, we propose a decentralized and permissionless blockchain protocol, named \textit{Bychain} Specifically, 1) a privacy preserving SRC protocol for activity tracking and corresponding generalized block structure is developed, by connecting an interactive zero knowledge proof protocol and the key escrow mechanism. As a result, connections between personal identity and the ownership of on chain location information are decoupled. Meanwhile, the owner of the on chain location data can still claim its ownership without revealing the private key to anyone else. 2) An artificial potential field based incentive allocation mechanism is proposed to incentivize IoT witnesses to pursue the maximum monitoring coverage deployment. We implemented and evaluated the proposed blockchain protocol in the real world using the Bluetooth 5.0. The storage, CPU utilization, power consumption, time delay, and security of each procedure and performance of activities are analyzed. The experiment and security analysis is shown to provide a real world performance evaluation.
Boosting phosphorylation site prediction with sequence feature based machine learning
Venue: Proteins
Year: 2019

Protein phosphorylation is one of the essential posttranslation modifications playing a vital role in the regulation of many fundamental cellular processes. We propose a LightGBM based computational approach that uses evolutionary, geometric, sequence environment, and amino acid specific features to decipher phosphate binding sites from a protein sequence. Our method, while compared with other existing methods on 2429 protein sequences taken from standard Phospho.ELM (P.ELM) benchmark data set featuring 11 organisms reports a higher F1 score 0.504 (harmonic mean of the precision and recall) and ROC AUC 0.836 (area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics) The computation time of our proposed approach is much less than that of the recently developed deep learning based framework. Structural analysis on selected protein sequences informs that our prediction is the superset of the phosphorylation sites, as mentioned in P.ELM data set. The foundation of our scheme is manual feature engineering and a decision tree based classification. Hence, it is intuitive, and one can interpret the final tree as a set of rules resulting in a deeper understanding of the relationships between biophysical features and phosphorylation sites. Our innovative problem transformation method permits more control over precision and recall as is demonstrated by the fact that if we incorporate output probability of the existing deep learning framework as an additional feature, then our prediction improves (F1 score 0.546; ROC AUC 0.849) The implementation of our method can be accessed at http:/cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~pralay/resources/PPSBoost/ and is mirrored at https:/cosmos.iitkgp.ac.in/PPSBoost.
Intensification and intrahousehold decisions: Fertilizer adoption in Burkina Faso
Venue: World development
Year: 2018

Highlights Intrahousehold bargaining affects the adoption of fertilizer on farms in West Africa. Overall fertilizer use rates are low for cereals but less so for maize in Burkina Faso. Family members share agricultural inputs, including fertilizer. Bargaining does not achieve efficient fertilizer allocations. Inclusive policy should consider who within the household has access to inputs.
A Topic and Concept Integrated Model for Thread Recommendation in Online Health Communities
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2020

Online health communities (OHCs) provide a popular channel for users to seek information, suggestions and support during their medical treatment and recovery processes. To help users find relevant information easily, we present CLIR, an effective system for recommending relevant discussion threads to users in OHCs. We identify that thread content and user interests can be categorized in two dimensions: topics and concepts. CLIR leverages Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to summarize the topic dimension and uses Convolutional Neural Network to encode the concept dimension. It then builds a thread neural network to capture thread characteristics and builds a user neural network to capture user interests by integrating these two dimensions and their interactions. Finally, it matches the target thread's characteristics with candidate users' interests to make recommendations. Experimental evaluation with multiple OHC datasets demonstrates the performance advantage of CLIR over the state of the art recommender systems on various evaluation metrics.
A Model of Dissociation Based on Attachment Theory and Research
Venue: Journal of trauma dissociation the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation
Year: 2006

The article offers an historical review of studies on the role played by attachment processes in dissociative psychopathology. The treatise proceeds from Bowlby's first insights, through Main and her collaborators' empirical studies on attachment disorganization, to the first formulation of the hypothesis linking disorganized early attachment to pathological dissociation. Recent research supporting the hypothesis is then reviewed. It is concluded that infant attachment disorganization is in itself a dissociative process, and predisposes the individual to respond with pathological dissociation to later traumas and life stressors. Four implications of this theory are interspersed in the review and are discussed in the final section: (1) pathological dissociation should be viewed as a primarily intersubjective reality hindering the integrative processes of consciousness, rather than as an intrapsychic defense against mental pain; (2) early defenses against attachment related dissociation are based on interpersonal controlling strategies that inhibit the attachment system; (3) dissociative symptoms emerge as a consequence of the collapse of these defensive strategies in the face of events that powerfully activate the attachment system; (4) psychotherapy of pathological dissociation should be a phase oriented process focused primarily on achieving attachment security, and only secondarily on trauma work. Research studies on the psychotherapy process could test some predictions of this model.