nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Conductive shield for ultra low field magnetic resonance imaging: Theory and measurements of eddy currents.
Venue: Journal of applied physics
Year: 2014

Eddy currents induced by applied magnetic field pulses have been a common issue in ultra low field magnetic resonance imaging. In particular, a relatively large prepolarizing field applied before each signal acquisition sequence to increase the signal induces currents in the walls of the surrounding conductive shielded room. The magnetic field transient generated by the eddy currents may cause severe image distortions and signal loss, especially with the large prepolarizing coils designed for in vivo imaging. We derive a theory of eddy currents in thin conducting structures and enclosures to provide intuitive understanding and efficient computations. We present detailed measurements of the eddy current patterns and their time evolution in a previous generation shielded room. The analysis led to the design and construction of a new shielded room with symmetrically placed 1.6 mm thick aluminum sheets that were weakly coupled electrically. The currents flowing around the entire room were heavily damped, resulting in a decay time constant of about 6 ms for both the measured and computed field transients. The measured eddy current vector maps were in excellent agreement with predictions based on the theory, suggesting that both the experimental methods and the theory were successful and could be applied to a wide variety of thin conducting structures.
Fuzzy Optimal Solution for Fully Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems Using Hexagonal Fuzzy Numbers
Year: 2016

The fuzzy set theory has been applied in many fields such as management, engineering and almost in every business enterprise as well as day to day activities. In this paper fully fuzzy linear programming problems with hexagonal fuzzy numbers were discussed. A new approach for solving fully fuzzy linear programming problems (FFLPP) is proposed, based upon the new Ranking function, which is divided as two Trapezoidal and average values of the same were taken. This paper compares the three different ranking functions by solving some FFLLP problems which are tabulated.
PangeaMT v 3 customise your own machine translation environment
Venue: EAMT
Year: 2016

PangeaMT is the tool developed by Pangeanic in 2010 to automate translation processes. Pangeanic, together with the Computer Science Institute (ITI) of Valencia has completed the development of PangeaMT v3 platform as part of the Spanish national project "COR: FAST AND EFFICIENT TRANSLATION MANAGEMENT TOOL" with funding from the Spanish research organization CDTI, dependant from the Ministry of Economy. PangeaMT (http:/pangeamt.com/ is based on Moses and it runs on GNU/Linux. Customized Machine Translation PangeaMT is a full machine translation environment. Pangeanic was the first LSP in the world to make commercial use of a Moses version with it as reported in the FP7 Euromatrixplus 1 project and earlier at AMTA (Yuste 2010) The platform is capable of processing large translation volumes and manage training datasets. It is ideal for companies, corporations and institutions that produce large amounts of documentation. It can be used to train engines with the client's own previously translated material and terminology, overcoming some of Moses limitations. Clients are free to create and retrain engines with new material. Thanks to its interfaces, the system can accept calls from external systems to translate digital and web content, or from CAT (Computer Assisted Translation) tools to improve translator's productivity. PangeaMT has now reached version 3. New features include the use of monolingual data managed by the user to train different language models at will, further improvements in machine translation customisation and hybridisation. Version 3 also offers new interface connections, custom built hybridisation techniques which can easily be expanded, and even a choice of translation engines (Moses, Apertium and third party services) and algorithms if required for particular language pairs. References Yuste, E. et al. (2010) PangeaMT putting standards to work. well. In Proceedings of The Ninth Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas AMTA 2010, Denver. Available at: amta2010.amtaweb.org/AMTA/papers/4 04 HerranzYusteEtal.pdf ______________________ 1 http:/www.euromatrixplus.net/moses decoder/
The origin and evolution of Homo sapiens
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2016

If we restrict the use of Homo sapiens in the fossil record to specimens which share a significant number of derived features in the skeleton with extant H. sapiens, the origin of our species would be placed in the African late middle Pleistocene, based on fossils such as Omo Kibish 1, Herto 1 and 2, and the Levantine material from Skhul and Qafzeh. However, genetic data suggest that we and our sister species Homo neanderthalensis shared a last common ancestor in the middle Pleistocene approximately 400 700 ka, which is at least 200 000 years earlier than the species origin indicated from the fossils already mentioned. Thus, it is likely that the African fossil record will document early members of the sapiens lineage showing only some of the derived features of late members of the lineage. On that basis, I argue that human fossils such as those from Jebel Irhoud, Florisbad, Eliye Springs and Omo Kibish 2 do represent early members of the species, but variation across the African later middle Pleistocene/early Middle Stone Age fossils shows that there was not a simple linear progression towards later sapiens morphology, and there was chronological overlap between different 'archaic' and 'modern' morphs. Even in the late Pleistocene within and outside Africa, we find H. sapiens specimens which are clearly outside the range of Holocene members of the species, showing the complexity of recent human evolution. The impact on species recognition of late Pleistocene gene flow between the lineages of modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans is also discussed, and finally, I reconsider the nature of the middle Pleistocene ancestor of these lineages, based on recent morphological and genetic data. This article is part of the themed issue 'Major transitions in human evolution'
Decision support systems for sustainable manufacturing surrounding the product and production life cycle A literature review
Venue: Journal of Cleaner Production
Year: 2019

Achieving sustainable manufacturing in enterprises in all three dimensions (economic, social, environmental) involves complex decision making processes. New environmental regulations, requirements set by customers for sustainable products, and economic benefits through for example resource savings are drivers for enterprises to consider manufacturing from a sustainable perspective. To support decision makers in enterprises, decision support systems can be used to analyze the production from a sustainable perspective and to create suggestions for optimization of products and processes. This literature review addresses decision support systems for sustainable manufacturing and presents the most commonly used sustainable indicators and decision making methods. The literature review is focused on research approach which consider all three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, and environmental) and on decision support systems applied in the phases of the product and production life cycle (product and production design, production planning, production, and remanufacturing of processes and products) The results of the review show, that current investigations of decision support systems are more focused on the integration of sustainability in all three dimensions (economic, environmental, and social) at the strategic planning level (design and remanufacturing of products and processes) which is not reflected well at the operational level (production planning and controlling) where decision making is mostly driven by single sustainable dimensions (environmental and economic) In addition to economic and environmental objectives, sustainable production planning and controlling systems should also consider social planning objectives. Further research is required to identify which sustainable indicators can be considered in sustainable production planning and controlling systems.
KRAS: Reasons for optimism in lung cancer.
Venue: European journal of cancer
Year: 2018

Despite being the most frequent gain of function genetic alteration in human cancer, KRAS mutation has to date offered only limited potential as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. Results from the phase III SELECT 1 trial in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recently added to a number of historical and more contemporary disappointments in targeting KRAS mutant disease, including farnesyl transferase inhibition and synthetic lethality partners such as STK33. This narrative review uses the context of these previous failures to demonstrate how the knowledge gained from these experiences can be used as a platform for exciting advances in NSCLC on the horizon. It now seems clear that mutational subtype (most commonly G12C) of individual mutations is of greater relevance than the categorical evaluation of KRAS mutation presence or otherwise. A number of direct small molecules targeted to these subtypes are in development and have shown promising biological activity, with some in the late stages of preclinical validation.
Avelumab, an anti PD L1 antibody, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a phase 1b JAVELIN Solid Tumor study
Venue: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
Year: 2017

PurposeAgents targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD 1) or its ligand (PD L1) have shown antitumor activity in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) The aim of this study was to assess the activity of avelumab, a PD L1 inhibitor, in patients with MBC.MethodsIn a phase 1 trial (JAVELIN Solid Tumor; NCT01772004) patients with MBC refractory to or progressing after standard of care therapy received avelumab intravenously 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Tumors were assessed every 6 weeks by RECIST v1.1. Adverse events (AEs) were graded by NCI CTCAE v4.0. Membrane PD L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (Dako PD L1 IHC 73 10 pharmDx).ResultsA total of 168 patients with MBC, including 58 patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were treated with avelumab for 2 50 weeks and followed for 6 15 months. Patients were heavily pretreated with a median of three prior therapies for metastatic or locally advanced disease. Grade 3 treatment related AEs occurred in 13.7% of patients, including two treatment related deaths. The confirmed objective response rate (ORR) was 3.0% overall (one complete response and four partial responses) and 5.2% in patients with TNBC. A trend toward a higher ORR was seen in patients with PD L1+ versus PD L1 tumor associated immune cells in the overall population (16.7% vs. 1.6% and in the TNBC subgroup (22.2% vs. 2.6%.ConclusionAvelumab showed an acceptable safety profile and clinical activity in a subset of patients with MBC. PD L1 expression in tumor associated immune cells may be associated with a higher probability of clinical response to avelumab in MBC.
Alternative solutions of industrial wastewater management in the textile industry
Venue: International Journal of Petrochemical Science Engineering
Year: 2019

The investigation of cost effective water treatment methods and techniques is considered an extremely important and vital objective. The aim of this study is to reach the optimum solution for the treatment of the effluent industrial wastewater from the textile industry sector in Egypt. In this work, the treatment methods and techniques under consideration were selected as being feasible and appropriate to achieve the required goal effectively. Misr Beida Dyers Company (MBDC) located at Kafer El Dawar Alexandria Governorate, has been chosen for the study. The company discharges 10 12 millions of cubic meters of wastewater annually into Abu Qir Bay, thus it is considered one of the major sources of industrial pollution in this zone. In this work, the selected procedure is to compare between two different designs for the wastewater treatment plants, whereby three alternative solutions (interventions) were proposed for each design namely: end pipe treatment on raw wastewater, with pollution prevention (PP) and with cleaner production (CP) Evidently, the selection of the best design approach is based on economics. To achieve this objective, a suitable cost benefit analysis tool (CBA) has been adopted. Finally, looking at benchmarking results, it was observed that the specific rate of consumed items (water, electricity, fuel, chemicals, etc. is rather high when compared with the recognized international standards (IS) in this respect. The unexpected rise in the abovementioned items coupled with a notable decline in the production of the plant under consideration in the period from 1994 to 2004 poses a big question mark and needs a prompt answer from the responsible authorities.
A matter of taste: Spatial and ontogenetic variations on the trophic ecology of the tiger shark at the Galapagos Marine Reserve
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2019

Sharks are top predators across ocean food webs and have a major ecological role in marine ecosystems. Investigating the trophic ecology of this group of species is thus essential to understand ecosystem functioning and inform specific management actions aimed at shark conservation. The Galapagos Islands represent one of the last ocean wildernesses, where populations of sharks and other top marine predators come close to a pristine status. Here we provide the first study on the trophic ecology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) within the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) using a combination of stable isotope analysis, satellite tracking, and passive acoustic telemetry to investigate ontogenetic and spatial variations at two regions. The mean estimated d13C and d15N at Isabela island (western region) were 13.9 0.5%0 and 13.7 0.7%0; and for Santa Cruz island (central region) were 13.8 0.3%0 and 13.4 0.7%0, respectively. Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were the main prey item for large tiger sharks >280 cm TL) while smaller sharks mainly fed on squid and pelagic fish. Tiger sharks exhibited a high degree of philopatry around green sea turtle nesting areas, with the majority of sharks detected around green sea turtle nesting areas for at least 10 months after their capture date, and some individuals were even present during the entire three year study period. Although we did not report statistically significant differences between the two regions, isotopic and electronic tagging data suggest that tiger sharks in the Galapagos could be segregated into specific populations separated by geographical scales of <100 km. The high productivity of the archipelago, along with the protection from industrial fishing granted by the GMR, result in abundant and predictable sources of prey. This high food abundance, combined with the presence of suitable habitats throughout the tiger shark life cycle, might result in a reduction of migratory behaviours when compared to movement patterns of tiger sharks in other ocean basins. Additional studies using genetic tools could provide further evidence on the presence of separate management units, as it has been recently revealed for other shark species inhabiting the GMR.
The structure of finite groups with trait of non normal subgroups
Year: 2019

In this paper, we investigate the finite groups all of whose non normal nilpotent subgroups are cyclic. We show that such groups are solvable with cyclic centers. If G is a non supersolvable group, then G has only one non cyclic Sylow subgroup which is either isomorphic to Q8 or is of type (q, q)
Family of boundary overlap metrics for the evaluation of medical image segmentation
Venue: Journal of medical imaging
Year: 2018

All medical image segmentation algorithms need to be validated and compared, yet no evaluation framework is widely accepted within the imaging community. None of the evaluation metrics that are popular in the literature are consistent in the way they rank segmentation results: they tend to be sensitive to one or another type of segmentation error (size, location, and shape) but no single metric covers all error types. We introduce a family of metrics, with hybrid characteristics. These metrics quantify the similarity or difference of segmented regions by considering their average overlap in fixed size neighborhoods of points on the boundaries of those regions. Our metrics are more sensitive to combinations of segmentation error types than other metrics in the existing literature. We compare the metric performance on collections of segmentation results sourced from carefully compiled two dimensional synthetic data and three dimensional medical images. We show that our metrics: (1) penalize errors successfully, especially those around region boundaries; (2) give a low similarity score when existing metrics disagree, thus avoiding overly inflated scores; and (3) score segmentation results over a wider range of values. We analyze a representative metric from this family and the effect of its free parameter on error sensitivity and running time.
A Generative Adversarial Network Based Ensemble Technique for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Synthesized Speech
Venue: ACPR
Year: 2019

In this paper, we propose a method to automatically compute a speech evaluation metric, Virtual Mean Opinion Score (vMOS) for the speech generated by Text to Speech (TTS) models to analyse its human ness. In contrast to the currently used manual speech evaluation techniques, the proposed method uses an end to end neural network to calculate vMOS which is qualitatively similar to manually obtained Mean Opinion Score (MOS) The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and a binary classifier have been trained on real natural speech with known MOS. Further, the vMOS has been calculated by averaging the scores obtained by the two networks. In this work, the input to GAN's discriminator is conditioned with the speech generated by off the shelf TTS models so as to get closer to the natural speech. It has been shown that the proposed model can be trained with a minimum amount of data as its objective is to generate only the evaluation score and not speech. The proposed method has been tested to evaluate the speech synthesized by state of the art TTS models and it has reported the vMOS of 0.6675, 0.4945 and 0.4890 for Wavenet2, Tacotron and Deepvoice3 respectively while the vMOS for natural speech is 0.6682 on a scale from 0 to 1. These vMOS scores correspond to and are qualitatively explained by their manually calculated MOS scores.
Cybersecurity data science: an overview from machine learning perspective
Venue: Journal of Big Data
Year: 2020

In a computing context, cybersecurity is undergoing massive shifts in technology and its operations in recent days, and data science is driving the change. Extracting security incident patterns or insights from cybersecurity data and building corresponding data driven model is the key to make a security system automated and intelligent. To understand and analyze the actual phenomena with data, various scientific methods, machine learning techniques, processes, and systems are used, which is commonly known as data science. In this paper, we focus and briefly discuss on cybersecurity data science where the data is being gathered from relevant cybersecurity sources, and the analytics complement the latest data driven patterns for providing more effective security solutions. The concept of cybersecurity data science allows making the computing process more actionable and intelligent as compared to traditional ones in the domain of cybersecurity. We then discuss and summarize a number of associated research issues and future directions Furthermore, we provide a machine learning based multi layered framework for the purpose of cybersecurity modeling. Overall, our goal is not only to discuss cybersecurity data science and relevant methods but also to focus the applicability towards data driven intelligent decision making for protecting the systems from cyber attacks.
Do People Have Reproductive Goals? Constructive Preferences and the Discovery of Desired Family Size
Year: 2019

The frequency of uncertainty in response to survey questions on fertility expectations is relatively high. This is inconsistent with the classical rational choice model implicit in much demographic research. Whether for this or other reasons, the phenomenon is by and large overlooked. Uncertainty in relation to fertility is, we suggest, genuine rather than the result of faulty measurement or poorly motivated responses. Its relatively high frequency requires that it is accounted for in any theory of fertility decision making.
Nonlinear Response and Strong Coupling of Surface Phonon Polaritons
Year: 2017

Analogous to surface plasmon polaritons in metals, polar dielectrics support surface phonon polaritons (SPhP) in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region. In contrast to their plasmonic counterpart, however, SPhPs exhibit much longer lifetimes, and hence constitute a promising alternative in the development of nanophotonics. Employing an MIR free electron laser, we here experimentally reveal resonant second harmonic generation from SPhPs, excited in the Otto geometry for prism coupling. In a second system featuring an ultrathin layer on top of the SPhP active material, we observe strong coupling of the bulk SPhP to the epsilon near zero mode supported by the thin layer. Our experimental findings are corroborated using a specifically developed matrix formalism for anisotropic multilayer wave propagation.
Mercosur and Mercosur EU Trade Relations
Year: 2014

This chapter analyses to what extent and how gender has been addressed by Mercosur and in EU Mercosur interregional relations in order to contribute to the discussion on the relevance of the (inter) regional level in the dynamics of norm diffusion and norm travelling in a multilevel process of governance, addressed in this book. Given the EU's commitment to gender, and its self promotion as a normative power (see Chapter 3) one would expect that the EU exports gender norms to Mercosur in their biregional relations. This chapter, however, argues that the EU only plays a marginal role in the promotion of gender equality in Mercosur. Instead, the mobilization of regional women's movements and changes in government orientation in Mercosur member states since 2003 are more relevant factors. Gender is not prominent in EU foreign policy and development policy towards Mercosur. The process of trade liberalization, one of the central objectives of their interregional relations, is even assessed as having a potential negative impact on gender, and the EU Mercosur trade policy has not been gender mainstreamed. First, the chapter analyses the process of institutionalization of gender in Mercosur, assessing the role played by domestic and international actors. Next, it explores how gender has been addressed in EU development policies towards Mercosur. Finally, the chapter investigates to what extent EU Mercosur trade policies are gender mainstreamed.