nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High extinction ratio silicon polarization beam splitter with tolerance to waveguide width and coupling length variations.
Venue: Optics express
Year: 2016

We demonstrate a compact silicon polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on grating assisted contradirectional couplers (GACCs) Over 30 dB extinction ratios and less than 1 dB insertion losses are achieved for both polarizations. The proposed PBS exhibits tolerance in width variation, and the polarization extinction ratios remain higher than 20 dB for both polarizations when the width variation is adjusted from 10 to 10 nm. Benefiting from the enhanced coupling by the GACCs, the polarization extinction ratio can be kept higher than 15 dB and the insertion loss is lower than 2 dB for both polarizations when the coupling length varies from 30.96 to 13.76 mm.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs
Year: 2007

Total equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) and phenolic contents of 32 spices extracts from 21 botanical families grown in Poland were investigated. The total antioxidant capacity was estimated by the following methods: ABTS (2,2 0 azinobis (3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulfonic acid) DPPH (1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl radical) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) expressed as TEAC. The total phenolics were measured using a Folin Ciocalteu assay. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of major phenolics by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) were also used. Major phenolic acids identified in analyzed species were caffeic, p coumaric, ferulic and neochlorogenic, while predominant flavonoids were quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin. Myricetin was detected only in Epilobium hirsutum. Many investigated spices had high levels of phenolics and exhibited high antioxidant capacity. The TEAC values of the spices ranged from 1.76 to 346 lM trolox/100 g dw, from 7.34 to 2021 lM trolox/100 g dw, and 13.8 to 2133 lM trolox/100 g dw for ABTS DPPH and FRAP, respectively. The total phenolic content, measured using a Folin Ciocalteu assay, ranged from 0.07 to 15.2 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dw. The herbs with the highest TEAC values were Syzygium aromaticum, E. hirsutum and the species belonging to the Labiatae and Compositae family. A positive relationship between TEAC (ABTS and FRAP) values and total phenolic content, measured by HPLC, was found only in family groups with many
TriviA and uTriviA: two fast and secure authenticated encryption schemes
Venue: Journal of Cryptographic Engineering
Year: 2016

In this paper, we propose two hardware optimized authenticated encryption schemes: TriviA v2 and uTriviA. Both TriviA v2, an efficient hardware optimization of TriviA 0 v1, and uTriviA are based on (i) a stream cipher for generating keys for the ciphertext and the tag, and (ii) a pairwise independent hash to compute the tag. We have adopted one of the ISO standardized stream ciphers for lightweight cryptography, namely Trivium, to obtain our underlying stream cipher. The main structure of TriviA v2 remains same as TriviA 0 v1, except some changes in the internal functions. The stream cipher used both in TriviA v2 and uTriviA has a 384 bit state, slightly larger than Trivium, and can accommodate a 128 bit secret key and IV. TriviA v2 uses a pairwise independent hash which is an adaptation of the EHC or "Encode Hash Combine" hash that requires the optimum number of field multiplications and hence requires small hardware footprint. uTriviA uses a pairwise independent hash which is an adaptation of the HC or "Hash Combine" hash which is close to EHC but does not use any encode function. We prove that TriviA v2 construction has at least 128 bit security for privacy and 124 bit security of authenticity under the assumption that the underlying stream cipher produces a pseudorandom bit stream. The uTriviA construction achieves at least 128 bit security for privacy and 93 bit security of authenticity under the same assumption. We have implemented the designs in synthesizable RTL. Pre layout synthesis using 65 nm standard cell technology reveals that TriviA v2 is able to achieve a high throughput of 65.9 Gbps for an area of 21.2 KGE, whereas TriviA 0 v1 achieved a much higher hardware area. The uTriviA design achieves a hardware area of only 16.74 KGE, which is lowest among all the TriviA variants but with a lower throughput of 36.76 Gbps. Finally, we provide a brief comparison between the three constructions TriviA 0 v1, TriviA v2 and uTriviA and the other standard implementations in terms of hardware area efficiency metric.
Overlapping community detection in complex networks using multi objective evolutionary algorithm
Year: 2017

Community structure is an important topological property of complex networks, which has great significance for understanding the function and organization of networks. Generally, community detection can be formulated as a single objective or multi objective optimization problem. Most existing optimization based community detection algorithms are only applicable to disjoint community structure. However, it has been shown that in most real world networks, a node may belong to multiple communities implying overlapping community structure. In this paper, we propose a multi objective evolutionary algorithm for identifying overlapping community structure in complex networks based on the framework of non dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Two negatively correlated evaluation metrics of community structure, termed as negative fitness sum and unfitness sum, are adopted as the optimization objectives. In our algorithm, link based adjacency representation of overlapping community structure and a population initialization method based on local expansion are proposed. Extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real world networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective and promising in detecting overlapping community structure in complex networks.
Inherently stable effective field theory for dark energy and modified gravity
Year: 2018

The growing wealth of cosmological observations places increasingly more stringent constraints on dark energy and alternative gravity models. Particularly successful in efficiently probing the vast model space has been the effective field theory of dark energy and modified gravity, providing a unified framework for generalised cosmological predictions. However, the optimal parametrisation of the free time dependent functions inherent to the formalism is still unresolved. It should respect a multitude of requirements, ranging from simplicity, generality, and representativity of known theories to computational efficiency. But in particular, for theoretical soundness, the parameter space should adhere to strict stability requirements. We have recently proposed an inherently stable effective field theory with physical basis of Planck mass evolution, sound speed of the scalar field fluctuation, kinetic coefficient, and background expansion, which covers Horndeski models with luminal speed of gravity. Here we devise a parametrisation of these basis functions that can straightforwardly be configured to evade theoretical pathologies such as ghost or gradient instabilities or to accommodate further theoretical priors such as (sub)luminal scalar sound speed. The parametrisation is simple yet general, conveniently represents a broad range of known dark energy and gravitational theories, and with a simple additional approximation can be rendered numerically highly efficient. Finally, by operating in our new basis, we show that there are no general limitations from stability requirements on the current values that can be assumed by the phenomenological modification of the Poisson equation and the gravitational slip besides the exclusion of anti gravity. The inherently stable effective field theory is ready for implementation in parameter estimation analyses employing linear cosmological observations.
Static mechanical behaviours of stainless steel micro lattice structures under different loading conditions
Year: 2013

Recently, some published studies have shown that laser melting method can be an impressive way for periodic metallic micro cellular structures with the satisfying requirements to be built. In this respect, this study deeply focuses on examining the experimental static behaviours of stainless steel micro lattice structures manufactured with the laser melting method for both different cell topologies and loading scenarios such as compression, shear, tension and combined loadings. The results show that the two major parameters characterising the mechanical behaviours of these structures are the relative density and cell topology, which govern the altitude of stress strain curve and collapse mechanism. Also, pure shear behaviours are unpredictable and have no repeatability due to the complex and highly imperfect surfaces of micro struts and cells. On the contrary, the compression tests show a large repeatability and stability.
Environmental implications of planned obsolescence and product lifetime: a literature review
Year: 2016

The aim of this paper was to explore the implications of planned obsolescence (PO) and the associated product lifetime on the environmental impact of products. To achieve this task, a literature review was performed to assess both the historical context and recent situation of planned obsolescence. A search in scholarly journals was performed to evaluate to what extent product lifetime and PO have been discussed in the recent literature. Based on the findings, selected cases of PO are discussed and trends in the practice of limiting product lifetime are identified. Factors considered to have a significant influence on product lifetime have been identified and discussed. The discussion of case studies made it possible to establish the links between product design, manufacturing and associated impacts of lifetime. The role of the actors along the value chain is also considered to propose a business scheme, where the influences of consumer behaviour and design choices are crucial. Finally, strategies to facilitate the definition of different scenarios are given. These strategies may serve to increase the reliability of environmental assessment throughout a product life cycle.
Rational Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Digital Image Interpolation
Year: 2006

Image interpolation is a common problem in image applications. Although many magnification algorithms have been proposed in the literature, these methods suffer from the effects of imperfect reconstruction to some degree, most often; these effects manifest themselves as jagged contours or blurred edges in the image. In this paper novel information system, which contains crisp data for decision making, is investigated. It develops an evolutional Vector Rational Filter Particle Swarm Optimization VRF PSO fitting algorithm to self extract the near optimum estimator to achieve the application of color image interpolation. The VRF PSO interpolator combines the advantage of the VRF and the efficient Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) It is a more accurate approximation than other linear and nonlinear interpolation functions. Quantitative and qualitative simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the superior performance of color image magnification.
Factors Enhancing Member Commitment to Trade Unions in the Hospitality Industry in Zimbabwe
Year: 2020

Trade unions in the hospitality industry have long served an important and vital role, acting as the vanguard to protect the worker's rights and their financial livelihood, hence stressing their importance. Their future however remains hanging in balance as they continue to face an array of challenges and changes threatening their existence. In this paper the researcher attempt to respond to the question on, 'why would individuals choose to be loyal and committed to trade unions? Finding through a 5 point likert scale administered on 227 members belonging to the Zimbabwe Catering and Hotel workers Union (ZCHWU) and interviews conducted with 18 union officials reveals that commitment is determined by the ability of the union to satisfy member expectations. Findings reveals that member commitment manifest itself through individual's strong desire to remain a member of the union; willingness to exert high effort on behalf of the union as well as belief in the union goals and leadership. The study concludes that the unions' ability to satisfy and meet its member's expectation contributes to trade union commitment.
El proceso de configuracion del Derecho Ambiental frente a la crisis ambiental en el Peru
Year: 2019

La crisis ambiental a nivel nacional y global, se ha convertido en un problema de primer orden que amenaza a la toda la humanidad. El Peru no es ajeno a este problema. El acelerado proceso de contaminacion al ambiente trae como consecuencia los desastres naturales, el calentamiento global y cambio climatico. Esta situacion hizo que desde hace tres decadas irrumpiera una nueva rama juridica: el Derecho Ambiental. Su configuracion normativa, dimension epistemologica, caracteristicas que definen su autonomia y ambito de aplicacion, lo hacen por si mismos importantes, asi como su relacion con el Derecho Constitucional y el Derecho Penal.
The Use of VHR 2D and 3D Sub Surface Data for Shallow Boulder Detection and Detailed Stratigraphical Mapping for Renewable Energy Developments
Year: 2018

Currently there are not many options on the market for multi channel Ultra High Resolution (UHRS) As a result of this Gardline, in collaboration with Applied Acoustics, have been working on a new streamer system and bespoke source to go with it. The newly developed recording system and streamer is called uSeis, and consist of 1m group interval mini streamers. When designing and building the equipment, there were a series of objectives. Firstly, the idea was to develop a tool to provide cost effective ultra high resolution sub seabed seismic data to detect high reflectivity targets (for example boulders) Secondly the system needed to have a penetration capability of up to 75m. Thirdly a depth of burial measurement accuracy of less than 0.3m was required, and lastly the system should be capable of a 16m swath with a resolution capable of the detection of objects <1m in size. The applications of the system include geohazard boulder detection in shallow soils and the development of geomodels in Offshore Windfarms and Oil and Gas developments.
Cohesive element formulation for z pin delamination bridging in fibre reinforced laminates
Year: 2018

Z pins are an effective method of reinforcing laminated composite materials for resisting the propagation of delamination. In this paper, a novel numerical method combines the classical cohesive finite element (FE) method with a semi analytical z pin crack bridging model. Special purpose cohesive elements, in which the generalized traction displacement characteristics are provided by the semi analytical model z pin bridging map, are implemented in macro scale FE models. This cohesive element offers the flexibility to employ two cohesive laws concurrently for prediction of delamination propagation, for both the pinned and unpinned behaviour. Its efficacy is evaluated by the simulation of double cantilever beam (DCB) mixed mode bend (MMB) and pure mode II End Loaded Split (ELS) fracture tests at 2% z pin areal density. The numerical results in terms of load deflection predictions agree well with experiments. The different simulations were all performed using a single set of input parameters derived from single z pin tests with no fitting factors.
The formation of porous silicon by irradiation with low energy ions
Year: 2020

The paper presents experimental data on the formation of porous layers in silicon by high dose >1015 ions/cm2) implantation of low energy ions =30 keV) The pore diameter in the plane of the parallel surface is almost two orders of magnitude larger than their size in the plane perpendicular to the surface. Pores are formed as a result of the formation of local melts in the surface layer from "overheated" thermal spikes. Pores are formed in the process of solidification of the melts due to the difference in the volume of solid and liquid phases. The combination of "nano pores" in the process of subsequent ion irradiation and (or) post implantation annealing leads to the formation of "micro pores" During ion sputtering, pores can "come out" to the surface, creating a surface relief such as pits. In the case of very dense targets and heavy (or cluster) ions, conditions arise for the formation of a sponge like surface. Porous Si layers are characterized by luminescence with a spectrum close to white light. The position of the spectrum maximum depends on the irradiation and annealing regimes. Silicon nanocrystals forming the pore surface, as well as a thin oxide film on the surface of nanocrystals, are responsible for the observed luminescence.
Learning to Use Motivational Interviewing Effectively: Modules.
Venue: Journal of continuing education in nursing
Year: 2017

Motivational interviewing (MI) is used by a variety of professionals to help clients to develop motivation for lifestyle changes and has been shown to be an effective way to induce health promoting activities. Education of health professionals in MI communication techniques can be done many ways, including attending a seminar and completing online classes. In a review of the literature, support was found for a variety of methods. Miller and Moyers described eight steps to MI education that were used to formulate two modules for nurses and exercise physiologists in a cardiac rehabilitation department, as described in this article. The strategies used in the current article included PowerPoint presentations with audio linkage, participant practice with MI techniques via response to prompts, and self evaluation of performance.
Distributed control system application for sewage treatment
Venue: CCC 2016
Year: 2016

A sewage treatment using ultrafiltration ceramic membrane filtration technology is presented which is realized by distributed control system (DCS) The DCS is composed of three layers: field instrument layer, field control station and host operation station. The field control station is designed based on ARM controller, all field data can be transferred to host operation station via RS232 and the field set operating parameters and operating status can be displayed on the industrial touch screen. Host operation station as centralized monitoring of the entire control system running, and operating parameter setting system and can be communicated each other via Industrial Ethernet. Application software of sewage treatment is designed by using block based design based on Visual Basic. The system successfully applied the united station in DaQing oil field sewage treatment, the results show that this system has high reliability, good stability and operation meets the demand of oil field of sewage treatment.
Interet du dosage de la procalcitonine chez le nourrisson febrile age de moins de 2 mois
Year: 2017

Introduction les nourrissons ages de moins de 2 mois sont a risque de presenter une infection bacterienne severe (IBS) Avec l'examen clinique, il est difficile de distinguer les enfants porteurs d'une infection virale benigne de ceux ayant une IBS. Notre etude s'est interessee a verifier si un dosage precoce de la procalcitonine (PCT) normal 0.6 ng/ml) effectue avant les 12 premieres heures suivant le debut de la fievre, permettait d'eliminer une IBS. L'objectif secondaire etait de savoir si le dosage tardif de la PCT (realise entre 12 a 36 heures apres le debut de la fievre) chez les nourrissons ayant un dosage de PCT precoce normal ou non effectue avait une sensibilite suffisante pour identifier les IBS. Methode il s'agit d'une etude retrospective monocentrique realisee a l'hopital Trousseau entre janvier 2013 et decembre 2015. Les nourrissons febriles de moins de 2 mois hospitalises dans le service de pediatrie generale pour une fievre ont ete inclus. Resultats 332 enfants ont ete inclus dans l'etude. Parmi les 195 enfants ayant un dosage de PCT precoce 0.6 ng/ml, 182 (93.3% des enfants n'avaient pas d'infection bacterienne prouvee, 4 enfants presentaient une bacteriemie a Streptocoque du groupe b (SGB) ils avaient eu des dosages tres precoces (dans les 4 premieres heures apres la fievre) Le dosage tardif de la PCT avait une sensibilite de 100% (IC95% (45 100) pour detecter les IBS. Conclusion un dosage tres precoce, avant les 4 premieres heures d'apparition de la fievre, de la PCT ne permet pas d'eliminer une IBS. Cependant une PCT realisee au dela de H12 a une tres bonne sensibilite et bonne valeur predictive positive d'IBS.
Method for producing highly pure battery grade lithium carbonate by using lithium sulfate solution
Year: 2016

The invention discloses a method for producing highly pure battery grade lithium carbonate by using a lithium sulfate solution. The method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out lithium sulfate solution salt crystallization refining: adding sodium hydroxide to the lithium sulfate solution used as a raw material, cooling to precipitate sodium sulfate decahydrate, separating out sodium sulfate decahydrate, and complexing calcium, magnesium and other impurities in the salt crystallized lithium solution by using EDTA; 2, carbonizing and precipitating lithium: carrying out a carbonizing and lithium precipitating reaction at a relatively constant high temperature to obtain the highly pure battery grade lithium carbonate product and a lithium precipitation mother liquor; and 3, recovering the mother liquor: neutralizing the generated lithium precipitation mother liquor with sulfuric acid, concentrating the neutralized lithium precipitation mother liquor, and returning the concentrated mother liquor to the lithium sulfate solution raw material for recycling. The battery grade lithium carbonate produced through the method is highly pure, and lithium carbonate produced by using the lithium sulfate solution recovered through the treatment technology of the lithium precipitation mother liquor still is highly pure battery grade lithium carbonate, so all of the produced lithium carbonate is the highly pure battery grade lithium carbonate.
Influence of interfacial chemical reaction for tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum magnesium alloy composites fabricated by ultrasonic infiltration method
Year: 2008

Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy composites (CF/Al composites) are expected in aerospace and electric power cable industries due to superior specific strength and specific modulus. But, it is known that CF/Al composites form aluminum carbide (Al4C3) at the interface between carbon fiber and aluminum alloy when CF/Al composites are fabricated. However, effects of type of carbon fiber (PAN, pitch) on growth mechanism of Al4C3 and tensile strength of CF/Al composites have not been clarified. In this study, at first, CF/Al composites are fabricated with ultrasonic infiltration method. Secondary, effects of type of carbon fiber and fabricating time on quantity and size of Al4C3 were investigated. Thirdly, effects of quantity and size of Al4C3 on tensile strength of CF/Al composites were examined. The length of Al4C3 increased with increase in fabricating time for PAN based composites. It was suggested that the numbers of nucleating sites of Al4C3 increased with an increase in fabricating time for pitch based composites. As the result, as to the PAN based composites, it should be controlled less than 100 nm of the length of Al4C3 to inhibit degradation of tensile strength. As to the pitch based composites, fabricating time should be shorter.