nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Bombyx mori and Aedes aegypti form multi functional immune complexes that integrate pattern recognition, melanization, coagulants, and hemocyte recruitment
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2017

The innate immune system of insects responds to wounding and pathogens by mobilizing multiple pathways that provide both systemic and localized protection. Key localized responses in hemolymph include melanization, coagulation, and hemocyte encapsulation, which synergistically seal wounds and envelop and destroy pathogens. To be effective, these pathways require a targeted deposition of their components to provide protection without compromising the host. Extensive research has identified a large number of the effectors that comprise these responses, but questions remain regarding their post translational processing, function, and targeting. Here, we used mass spectrometry to demonstrate the integration of pathogen recognition proteins, coagulants, and melanization components into stable, high mass, multi functional Immune Complexes (ICs) in Bombyx mori and Aedes aegypti. Essential proteins common to both include phenoloxidases, apolipophorins, serine protease homologs, and a serine protease that promotes hemocyte recruitment through cytokine activation. Pattern recognition proteins included C type Lectins in B. mori, while A. aegypti contained a protein homologous to Plasmodium resistant LRIM1 from Anopheles gambiae. We also found that the B. mori IC is stabilized by extensive transglutaminase catalyzed cross linking of multiple components. The melanization inhibitor Egf1.0, from the parasitoid wasp Microplitis demolitor, blocked inclusion of specific components into the IC and also inhibited transglutaminase activity. Our results show how coagulants, melanization components, and hemocytes can be recruited to a wound surface or pathogen, provide insight into the mechanism by which a parasitoid evades this immune response, and suggest that insects as diverse as Lepidoptera and Diptera utilize similar defensive mechanisms.
Building Owner Manual Assisted by Augmented Reality: A Case from Brazil
Year: 2018

The building use, operation, and maintenance manual, also known as the building owner's manual (BOM) is a document that provides all the information necessary to help Brazilian home owners operate, maintain, and repair their buildings. However, such manuals are in most cases presented in textual format with sparse technical terms and references, and lack the necessary information as required by federal government standards. As a result, building owners often find it difficult to effectively use the manual or find specific content pertaining to the problem to be fixed. A potential remedy to this situation is to enhance the traditional building manual's format using augmented reality (AR) that promotes new forms of interaction between the user and the BOM. In a nutshell, AR enables the displaying of virtual (computer generated) graphics overlaid on views of the real environment. The specific objective of the research presented in this paper is, therefore, to create and assess new formats of BOM enriched by AR in order to promote its use. To this end, a survey was first conducted and a total of 27 BOM samples were collected from Brazilian construction companies. After a thorough content analysis, one of these manuals was selected and used in the prototype living augmented reality (LAR) application. A graphical software and a game platform are used to develop LAR that can be launched on tablet computers and smart glasses. LAR displays a step by step AR animation of a maintenance activity to the user. This paper presents results of the survey of BOM manuals currently practiced in Brazil, as well as a description and technical details of the preliminary LAR maintenance experiment.
Human Scalp Electroencephalography Reveals that Repetition Suppression Varies with Expectation
Venue: Front. Hum. Neurosci.
Year: 2011

Repetitions of a sensory event elicit lower levels of brain activity than its initial presentation "repetition suppression," RS) According to one view, RS depends on the biophysics of neuronal discharge, and is thus an automatic consequence of stimulus processing "fatigue" model) Another account suggests that RS depends on the statistical structure of the environment, and occurs when repeated stimuli are less surprising than novel stimuli "surprise reduction" model) In support of the latter view, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that RS is modulated by the local probability of repetition. However, single cell recordings from macaque inferotemporal area (IT) have failed to replicate this finding. Here, we recorded scalp electroencephalography from human participants viewing pairs of faces that repeated (face1 face1) or alternated (face1 face2) in contexts in which repetitions were expected or unexpected. As previously described, event related potentials in the range of 100 400 ms recorded at posterior electrode sites and at the vertex differed between repetitions and alternations. Critically, at central electrodes, we observed that the difference between repeated and alternating stimuli was attenuated when repetitions were unexpected, as predicted by the surprise reduction model. These findings demonstrate that the modulation of RS by repetition probability is observable using direct neural recording methods in human participants, and that it occurs relatively late >300 ms) post stimulus. Finally, we found that theta band (4 8 Hz) spectral power over central electrodes varied with the three way interaction between of repetition, expectation, and the rate of change of the environment, consistent with recent reports that frontal theta may be a hallmark of learning processes originating in the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex.
Diagnostic accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubinometer devices compared with the total serum bilirubin measurement in preterm =35 weeks) very low birth weight neonates during the neonatal period up to 7 days of life
Year: 2020

Hyperbilirubinaemia is the commonest morbidity in preterm neonates, most of whom are of very low birthweight (VLBW =1500g) babies. Repeated blood sampling in preterm VLBW neonates not only causes pain but may lead to sepsis and anaemia. Transcutaneous measurement of bilirubin by a device called transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB) is an effective alternative tool to predict neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in late preterm and term neonates, most of whom have birthweights >2000g.  To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of TcB devices in comparison to total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements in VLBW neonates.  We evaluated 128 preterm neonates with gestational ages ranging from 28 to 35 weeks and birthweights =1500g till 7 days of post natal age. A total of 1003 TcB readings were taken, along with concurrent heel prick capillary samples, for laboratory measurement of TSB. For TcB, Drager JM 103 transcutaneous bilirubinometer was used and for TSB, Microlab's Easybil instrument was used. Coefficient of correlation (r) and BlandAltman plot were calculated to check correlation between TSB and TcB.  Total number of neonates was divided into 2 groups: i) =1000g and ii) 1001 1500g. Paired readings of TSB and TcB were taken before and after starting phototherapy. All the paired readings were analysed for correlation between TcB and TSB. Correlation co efficient (r) value for group i) was 0.87 and for group ii) was 0.89 (p<0.0001) Before and after starting phototherapy, readings were analysed separately to see the effect of _________________________________________ Government Medical College Baroda, India *Correspondence: nawaz78692@gmail.com https:/orcid.org/0000 0002 3140 891X (Received on 04 May 2019: Accepted after revision on 21 June 2019) The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest Personal funding was used for the project.  Correlation co efficient (r) values for paired readings before starting phototherapy were 0.97 0.90 respectively for both groups and for paired readings after starting phototherapy were 0.81 0.83 respectively for both groups.  TcB measurements correlate significantly with TSB levels in early preterm neonates with VLBW. Phototherapy does not affect the correlation significantly.
Sign Languages: Sign languages in West Africa
Year: 2010

Little is known about the sign languages used on the African continent. This chapter considers the distribution, use and history of sign languages in the western part of this continent. Studies pertaining to these topics are very rare, and for a number of countries information is completely lacking. For others only bits and pieces of information are available. A radical increase of research efforts in this area is necessary. At present, some basic information on the sign language situation and structure is available for Ghana, Mali and Nigeria. A typical feature of the sign language situation in these and other countries is the coexistence of local and imported sign languages. The most widespread sign language of foreign origin is beyond doubt American Sign Language (ASL) which was introduced in many countries together with deaf education in the past five decades. The sign language situation in West Africa is as diverse as it is undocumented. A non exhaustive list of sign languages used in West Africa is found in Table 18.1. Their places of use are indicated on the map in Figure 18.1. The list of sign languages is partly based on information in the Ethnologue (www.ethnologue.org) partly on Kamei (2006) and partly on my own information. This chapter starts off with an inventory of basic facts about deafness in West Africa in section 2, followed by a short history of deaf education in the region in section 3.
Sociocultural Theory in Second Language Acquisition: tenets and pedagogical implications in an EFL setting
Year: 2014

The rise of sociolinguistic and contextual approaches in L2 research over the past decade reflects a growing recognition that learning a language is a more complex process than merely acquiring linguistic structures, and that language learning and use are shaped by sociopolitical approach. Although a lot of attention has been paid to linguistic and cognitive side of the issue in SLA, language socialization as a newly emerged approach does not seem to have caught the eyes of those involved in the profession of language teaching and pedagogy despite its strong theoretical supports. Learning, from perspective of sociocultural theory of mind, is not information processing carried out by individuals. It is instead, a form of language socialization between individuals who try to collaboratively co construct the type of knowledge, here language, through the process of mediation by means of language as a semiotic tool Vygotsky,s sociocultural theory has been widely referred to in the field of second language learning (SLL) research (e.g. Donato, 1994; Haas, 1996;Ohta, 2000; Swain, 2000; Warschauer Kern, 2000) Adopting sociocultural theory offers researchers theoretical perspectives with which to examine language learning as a social practice, consider students as active participants in constructing learning processes, and investigate the interaction between different factors involved. To this end, the present research, laying out language socialization as a theoretical and methodological approach in second language acquisition, aims to explore the central concepts of socioculutural theory, and to put the vast majority of key approaches and concepts in a nutshell so that the intended readers can easily get familiar with those fundamentals of language socialization as an important theoretical perspective in the field of second and foreign language acquisition. Besides, the pedagogical implications of the theory and its tenets in an EFL setting is highlighted
Field tests of fibre Bragg grating sensors incorporated into CFRP for railway bridge strengthening condition monitoring
Year: 2017

The EU is in the process of upgrading the national railway networks to meet the demands from highspeed passenger trains and heavy Freight traffic. This upgrade necessitates a review of the development and implementation of novel technologies to repair and strengthen the existing bridge structures and to improve their performance. This paper presents the evaluation results of the use of FBG strains sensors incorporated in CFRP (carbon fibre reinforcement polymer) rods and tubes as part of the methodology for monitoring the performance of the NSMR (near surface mounted reinforcement) which is an essential part of the repair and strengthening of bridges. In addition, a new method has been tested for the first time using CFRP tubes which calls for the drilling of holes instead of sawing grooves in the installation process. The paper discusses in some detail the strengthening mechanism, FBG sensor implementation and the electronic system used to interrogate the FBG sensors. The results obtained from the monitoring show that FBG sensors can be integrated into CFRP and that reliable measurements can be made. However, in this particular project, the strain loading is very moderate so consequently the strain levels are in the
Bridge displacement prediction method based on ARIMA model
Venue: AIIPCC '19
Year: 2019

In order to solve the problem of low displacement prediction accuracy of key components in bridge engineering, a bridge displacement prediction algorithm based on improved ARIMA model is proposed. Firstly, the non stationary displacement data is decomposed into multiple layers by wavelet transform to obtain the detail coefficient and the approximation coefficient. Then the differential autoregressive moving average model (ARIMA) is used to predict and reconstruct the multi layer detail coefficient and the highest layer approximation coefficient. Then, the residual part of the reconstructed sequence is predicted by the optimized support vector machine model (SVM) Finally, the results of each model are added to obtain the predicted sequence of the original displacement data. The simulation results show that the prediction accuracy of the bridge is better than that of the traditional prediction model through the combination of ARIMA and SVM.
Elective Single Embryo Transfer: Guidelines for Practice British Fertility Society and Association of Clinical Embryologists
Venue: Human fertility
Year: 2008

Assisted conception treatment is the single most important cause in the increase in multiple pregnancy and births over the last 25 years. Multiple births are associated with significant peri natal morbidity and mortality. Europe has led the way in reducing multiple births by widespread adoption of an elective single embryo policy, which in Belgium is linked to an increase in state funding. Randomized controlled trials suggest that an eSET policy must include the ability to cryopreserve and transfer any remaining quality embryos to obtain parity with a double embryo transfer. This document provides a review of the available evidence with guidelines for practice, to help facilitate the introduction of an eSET policy in the UK.
Emotional Labour in Health Care: The unmanaged heart of nursing
Year: 2008

challenging current conceptualisations of emotional labour Part 1 1. Emotion Management and Emotional Labour 2. Emotional Labour in Health Care 3. Emotion and Cognition 4. Synthesising Darwin and Freud with Interactionist Theory 5. Emotion and Personal and Social Identity Part 2 6. The Emotional Field 7. Therapeutic Emotional Labour 8. Instrumental Emotional Labour 9. Collegial Emotional Labour 10. Reflexive Emotion Management
Entrepreneurial orientation, environmental sustainability and new venture performance: Does stakeholder integration matter?
Year: 2019

Previous research has theorised that the link between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance is mediated by environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) However, firm level factors that may moderate this relationship are lacking. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining how and when EO enhances new venture performance by considering ESO as mediator and stakeholder integration as an important contingent factor. Using primary data obtained from 242 chief executive officers/entrepreneurs, it was found that the indirect relationship between EO and new venture performance is strengthened at high levels of stakeholder integration. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Systeme et procede de localisation d'un defaut preliminaire et de diagnostic d'un defaut de desserrement du noyau de fer d'un transformateur de puissance
Year: 2012

La presente invention concerne un systeme et un procede de localisation d'un defaut preliminaire et de diagnostic d'un defaut de desserrement du noyau de fer d'un transformateur de puissance, qui appartiennent au domaine technique du diagnostic intelligent des defauts des transformateurs de puissance. Le systeme de localisation d'un defaut preliminaire et de diagnostic de defaut comprend un capteur de vibration, un instrument d'acquisition de signal et un systeme informatise. Le procede de localisation d'un defaut preliminaire et de diagnostic de defaut mesure un signal de vibration au moyen de trois capteurs de vibration montes sur la surface superieure d'un transformateur, et effectue une analyse par transformee de Fourier sur le signal afin d'obtenir des quantites caracteristiques d'un defaut de desserrement de noyau de fer, qui sont respectivement une composante a 50 Hz, une composante a 150 Hz et une composante a 300 Hz, la composante a 300 Hz etant la principale quantite caracteristique. Quand les amplitudes de ces composantes augmentent a un emplacement particulier jusqu'a une valeur fixee, cela suggere qu'un defaut de desserrement de noyau de fer se produit a cet emplacement et, en comparant la difference entre les trois quantites caracteristiques de signal a l'emplacement, la localisation du defaut peut etre realisee. Le systeme peut refleter avec precision les caracteristiques d'un desserrement de noyau de fer et peut detecter efficacement un defaut de desserrement du noyau de fer d'un transformateur de puissance.
Understanding the galvanic corrosion of the Q phase/Al couple using SVET and SIET
Venue: Journal of Materials Science Technology
Year: 2019

The galvanic corrosion of the Q phase/Al couple in 0.1 M NaCl solutions has been studied using the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) the scanning ion selective electrode technique (SIET) and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDX) The galvanic corrosion of the Q phase/Al couple was found to be dependent on pH and immersion time. Current density maps obtained by SVET shows that the anodic oxidation processes emerge from Al in a localized manner in pH 2 and 6 solutions but is initiated in a uniform manner in pH 13 solution, whereas, the cathodic processes are more homogeneously distributed over the Q phase at pH 2, 6 and 13. It is seen that the Q phase remains cathodic in the Q phase/Al couple in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions indicating that the galvanic polarity of the Q phase is independent of pH. The effect of the galvanic corrosion was largest at pH 2 and 13 compared to pH 6. The pH map obtained by SIET indicates that the galvanic activity of the Q phase/Al couple proceeds via heavy alkalization of the Q phase surface with the generation of appreciable amounts of OH ions. The enrichment of Cu indicated by EDX is responsible for the observed cathodic activity of the Q phase in the Q phase/Al couple.
Radio Image Transformer: Bridging Radio Modulation Classification and ImageNet Classification
Year: 2020

Radio modulation classification is widely used in the field of wireless communication. In this paper, in order to realize radio modulation classification with the help of the existing ImageNet classification models, we propose a radio image transformer which extracts the instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency from the received radio complex baseband signals, then converts the signals into images by the proposed signal rearrangement method or convolution mapping method. We finally use the existing ImageNet classification network models to classify the modulation type of the signal. The experimental results show that the proposed signal rearrangement method and convolution mapping method are superior to the methods using constellation diagrams and time frequency images, which shows their performance advantages. In addition, by comparing the results of the seven ImageNet classification network models, it can be seen that, except for the relatively poor performance of the architecture MNASNet1_0, the modulation classification performance obtained by the other six network architectures is similar, indicating that the proposed methods do not have high requirements for the architecture of the selected ImageNet classification network models. Moreover, the experimental results show that our method has good classification performance for signal datasets with different sampling rates, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals and real measured signals.
Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Venue: The Journal of adolescent health official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Year: 2016

Many unhealthy behaviors often begin during adolescence and represent major public health challenges. Substance abuse has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities, as its effects are cumulative, contributing to costly social, physical, and mental health problems. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent substance abuse among adolescents. We report findings from a total of 46 systematic reviews focusing on interventions for smoking/tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance abuse. Our overview findings suggest that among smoking/tobacco interventions, school based prevention programs and family based intensive interventions typically addressing family functioning are effective in reducing smoking. Mass media campaigns are also effective given that these were of reasonable intensity over extensive periods of time. Among interventions for alcohol use, school based alcohol prevention interventions have been associated with reduced frequency of drinking, while family based interventions have a small but persistent effect on alcohol misuse among adolescents. For drug abuse, school based interventions based on a combination of social competence and social influence approaches have shown protective effects against drugs and cannabis use. Among the interventions targeting combined substance abuse, school based primary prevention programs are effective. Evidence from Internet based interventions, policy initiatives, and incentives appears to be mixed and needs further research. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions components with standardized intervention and outcome measures. Various delivery platforms, including digital platforms and policy initiative, have the potential to improve substance abuse outcomes among adolescents; however, these require further research.