nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Vision based system for welding groove measurements for robotic welding applications
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
Year: 2016

Electric arc welding is a complex task that demands a high degree of control in order to meet the international standards for fusion welding. We present a Vision Based Measurement (VBM) system and evaluate how different conditions and algorithms impact the measuring of beveled edges. The proposed system integrates hardware and software to image the welding plates using a single CMOS camera as visual sensor, run computer vision algorithms on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) board, controls the robot movements and adjust the weld pattern and welder equipment parameters. A complete prototype, using a commercial linear welding robot is presented. The evaluation of the system as a groove mapping equipment, considering different processing algorithms combined with noise removal and line segment detection techniques, shows the potential of the approach for shop floor operation.
The t contamination of the golden muon sample at the Neutrino Factory
Year: 2011

We study the contribution of ne nt t m transitions to the wrong sign muon sample of the golden channel of the Neutrino Factory. Muons from tau decays are not really a background, since they contain information from the oscillation signal, and represent a small fraction of the sample. However, if not properly handled they introduce serious systematic error, in particular if the detector/analysis are sensitive to muons of low energy. This systematic effect is particularly troublesome for large th13 1deg and prevents the use of the Neutrino Factory as a precision facility for large th13. Such a systematic error disappears if the tau contribution to the golden muon sample is taken into account. The fact that the fluxes of the Neutrino Factory are exactly calculable permits the knowledge of the tau sample due to the ne nt oscillation. We then compute the contribution to the muon sample arising from this sample in terms of the apparent muon energy. This requires the computation of a migration matrix Mij which describes the contributions of the tau neutrinos of a given energy Ei, to the muon neutrinos of an apparent energy Ej. We demonstrate that applying Mij to the data permits the full correction of the otherwise intolerable systematic error.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. an update review of its phytochemistry and biological activity
Venue: Future science OA
Year: 2018

The worldwide interest in the use of medicinal plants has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Based on their vast ethnopharmacological applications, which inspired current research in drug discovery, natural products can provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets. This work pioneers an extensive and an updated literature review on the current state of research on Rosmarinus officinalis L. elucidating which compounds and biological activities are the most relevant. Therefore, a search was made in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science with the terms 'rosemary' 'Rosmarinus officinalis' 'rosmarinic acid' 'carnosol' and 'carnosic acid' which included 286 articles published since 1990 about rosemary's pharmacological activities and their isolated compounds. According to these references, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic properties of this plant, regarding carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and the essential oil. The present manuscript provides an updated review upon the most reported activities on R. officinalis and its active constituents.
Effects of three additives on the removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by coagulation using ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate.
Venue: Water science and technology a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
Year: 2016

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and its salts (PFOS) are emerging contaminants with long half lives in water and human bodies. Accordingly, PFOS removal from water streams is required for controlling the PFOS pollution. To provide a simple PFOS separation technology, effects of three additives, powdered activated carbon (PAC) gelatin, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the PFOS removal by coagulation with ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate were investigated in this study. As a result, coagulation with PAC or CTAB addition was effective in the PFOS removal, though the conventional coagulation and coagulation with gelatin addition were ineffective. A PFOS removal efficiency of over 90% was observed for the CTAB dose of over 1.6 mM (0.58 mg/L) and for the PAC dose of over 40 mg/L, and that of over 95% was achieved by the CTAB dose of over 2.4 mM (0.87 mg/L) when the initial PFOS concentration was 1.84 mM. The positive effect of CTAB would be caused by micelle formation, which was enhanced by both the association of hydrophobic tails and the electrostatic attraction of hydrophilic heads of PFOS and CTAB. Thus, a linear cationic surfactant of CTAB was concluded to be an effective additive for the PFOS removal by coagulation.
Antimicrobial resistance from a one health perspective in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: BMC Public Health
Year: 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely acknowledged as a global health problem, yet in many parts of the world its magnitude is not well elucidated. A baseline assessment of the AMR prevalence is a priority for implementation of laboratory based AMR surveillance This review, focused on a One health approach, aimed at describing the current status of AMR in Cameroon. PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journals Online databases were searched for articles published in English and French in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Retrieval and screening of article was done using a structured search string with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Free text and grey literature were obtained by contacting the authors directly. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each pathogen antibiotic pairs using random effects models. Amongst 97 full text articles reviewed, 66 met the eligibility criteria. The studies originated from the Centre (24; 36.4% South West (16; 24.2% West (13; 19.7% Littoral (9; 13.6% and other (4; 6.1% regions of Cameroon. These studies reported AMR in human (45; 68.2% animals (9; 13.6% and the environment (12; 18.2% Overall, 19 species of bacteria were tested against 48 antibiotics. These organisms were resistant to all classes of antibiotics and showed high levels of multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus spp were reported in 23, 19 and 18 of the human studies and revealed multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of 47.1% [95% CI (37.3 57.2% 51.0% [95% CI (42.0 59.9) and 45.2% [95% CI (38.0 54.7) respectively. Salmonella spp was reported in 6 of the animal studies and showed a MDR rate of 46.2% [95% CI (39.2 53.5% while Staphylococcus spp in 8 of environment studies showed MDR rate of 67.1% [95% CI (55.2 77.2% This review shows that resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in Cameroon is high. The findings emphasize the urgent need to address gaps in the standardization of AMR diagnostics, reporting and use of available information to optimize treatment guidelines for the arsenal of antibiotics. Effective AMR surveillance through continued data sharing, large scale collaboration, and coordination of all stakeholders is essential to understand and manage the AMR national burden.
Inevitable knowledge strategy: A paradigm shift in strategic HRM practices to augment firm's performance
Year: 2017

The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of strategic human resource management (HRM) practices and knowledge strategies on the performance of a sample of software companies in India.,The sample chosen for this study was software professionals in India; the software companies were chosen based on their listing in the NASSCOM annual report, with financial turnover as the basis for classification. In order to measure the tangible and intangible outcomes, instruments used in this study include financial and non economic performance.,As per the contingency approach, the fit between strategic HRM practices (staffing, general training, specific training, performance appraisal, performance feedback, reward and compensation and employee development) and knowledge strategy dimensions (consolidator, transformer and co inventor) was observed and the results revealed that the moderation effect has had a positive impact on the firms' performance.,Investment in specific developmental programs for high potential employees and quick learners will make knowledge intensive firms financially sound in the long run. Through an appropriate reward strategy, employees who are capable of lateral and innovative thinking at work can be engaged in consistently delivering quality projects, which will have a significant positive impact on overall project costs and the financial performance of the firm.,The proposed model in this study can enhance a firm's performance, provided the firm adopts a specific knowledge strategy and coherently aligns it with strategic HRM practices to achieve a sustained competitive advantage.
Body diode reliability investigation of SiC power MOSFETs
Venue: Microelectron. Reliab.
Year: 2016

A special feature of vertical power MOSFETs, in general, is the inbuilt body diode which could eliminate the need of having to use additional anti parallel diodes for current freewheeling in industrial inverter applications: this, clearly, subject to their demonstration of an acceptable level of reliability. Recent improvements in Silicon Carbide (SiC) power MOSFET device manufacturing technology has resulted in their wider commercial availability with different voltage and current ratings and from various manufacturers. Hence, it is essential to perform characterisation of its intrinsic body diode. This paper presents the reliability assessment of body diodes of latest generation discrete SiC power MOSFETs within a 3 phase 2 level DC to AC inverter representing realistic operating conditions for power electronic applications.
Motivational Climate in Sport Is Associated with Life Stress Levels, Academic Performance and Physical Activity Engagement of Adolescents
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
Year: 2019

The present study sought to define and contrast an explanatory model incorporating motivational climate towards sport, life stress, academic performance, and engagement in physical activity, and to analyze the existing relationships between these variables as a function of sex. A total of 2452 adolescents of both sexes (42.7% males and 57.3% females) participated in the present study, with self reported ages between 13 and 16 years (M 14.43; SD 1.15) Participants were from Granada (Spain) and perceived motivational climate towards sport (PMCSQ 2) life stress (PSS) academic performance, and engagement in physical activity (PAQ A) were analyzed. A multi group structural equation model was constructed, which demonstrated excellent fit to the observed data (kh2 309.402; DF 40; p 0.001; CFI 0.973; NFI 0.970; IFI 0.973; and RMSEA 0.052) A negative and direct association exists between ego climate and task climate. A positive association was found between motivational climate, task climate (males r 0.336/females r 0.238) and ego climate (males r 0.198/ females r 0.089) and engagement in physical activity. A task climate was associated with better academic performance and lower levels of life stress. The main conclusions of this study highlight that a task involving climate and engagement in physical activity are both associated with lower levels of life stress and higher levels of academic performance.
Role of intraoperative parathormone monitoring during parathyroidectomy in patients with discordant localization studies.
Venue: Surgery
Year: 2008

Many patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (SPHPT) have discordant preoperative Tc 99m sestamibi (MIBI) and ultrasonography studies prior to focused parathyroidectomy (PTX) This study examines the usefulness of intraoperative parathormone monitoring (IPM) during PTX in patients with discordant preoperative localization studies.  A retrospective series of 225 consecutive SPHPT patients with MIBI scans and surgeon performed ultrasonography (SUS) prior to focused parathyroidectomy were studied. All patient operations were reviewed, and how IPM changed operative management was determined. Correct gland localization, presence of multigland disease (MGD) and operative outcome were also examined.  In 225 patients, overall operative success was 97% and IPM changed operative management in 29% of patients. In 85 patients (38% with discordant studies, operative success was 93% IPM changed operative management in 74% of these patients. IPM allowed for 66% (56/85) of these operations to be performed as unilateral neck exploration and confirmed removal of abnormal glands in 7 patients with MGD. In 140 patients (62% with concordant localization, in which operative success was 99% IPM changed operative management in only 2% (3/140) of these patients with MGD.  Although of marginal benefit in patients with concordant imaging studies, IPM remains essential for performing successful PTX with discordant or incorrect concordant localization.
Case study: Redesigning a Kansei Engineering Designed Scissors by User Centered Design Approach
Year: 2018

This paper is based on the research which was conducted earlier on Kansei Engineering (KE) and resulted in a new concept for scissors to redesign it with another method called "User Centered Design" (UCD) This is a shift from translation of the consumers' psychological feeling about a product related to their perception of the design (KE) to focus on designing for and involving users in the design process (UCD) According to UCD process, after understanding and specifying the context of use, specifying the requirements and evaluation of KE concept were simultaneously (By 52 users, 30 female and 22 male) next steps were producing design solutions and evaluating those solutions about requirements (By 41 subjects, 26 female and 15 male) Specifying the requirements and evaluations were by usability test via focus groups and interviews. The final concept obtained high available satisfaction rates defined in the research project. In addition, some comfort design factors for hand tools (e.g. reducing wrist bent while working and reduction of hand pain) were measured and the new designed product achieved a highly satisfactory result. At last a comparison between UCD and KE had been done.
The School District's Role in Educational Change
Year: 2006

A on the role of the school district in educational change is not new, though there has been a resurgence of inquiry and discussion about the district role in recent years. A key difference between the early and current research relates to variation in the policy contexts and change environments in which the research was conducted. Research on the role of the district in educational change in the 1970s and the 1980s was generally undertaken in relation to what Fullan characterizes as the "innovation implementation" era of change (Fullan, 1985) Researchers considered the role that districts played in supporting the implementation of specific governmentand district sponsored programs and practices. Berman and McLaughlin (1978) for example, found that some school districts adopted programs for bureaucratic motives (i.e. compliance) or opportunistic motives (e.g. access to funds, to appear "innovative" and were less successful in facilitating the implementation of those programs than were districts that adopted programs as a means of solving previously identified problems in student and school performance. Louis, Rosenblum, and Molitor (1981) also associate higher degree of program implementation and continuation with problem solving orientations and actions at the district level. Conceptually and practically, this research was problematic to the extent that it was interpreted as though districts and schools treated all changes equally and with equal success (Anderson, 1991) Research on how school districts and schools manage the reality of multiple innovations and continual improvement was in its infancy at this time (Anderson, 1991; Fullan, 1985; Fullan, Anderson, Newton, 1986; Wallace, 1991) A further gap in the research literature from this era stemmed from the focus on teacher implementation of new programs and practices as the dependent variable and the relative lack of attention to evidence of impact on student learning. The linkage of leader actions to improvement in student learning remained hypothetical.
Anatomy, Physiology, and Laboratory Evaluation of the Pituitary Gland.
Venue: Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
Year: 2016

The pituitary gland functions prominently in the control of most endocrine systems in the body. Diverse processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water balance are tightly regulated by the pituitary in conjunction with the hypothalamus and various downstream endocrine organs. Benign tumors of the pituitary gland are the primary cause of pituitary pathology and can result in inappropriate secretion of pituitary hormones or loss of pituitary function. First line management of clinically significant tumors often involves surgical resection. Understanding of normal pituitary physiology and basic testing strategies to assess for pituitary dysfunction should be familiar to any skull base surgeon.
A New Combinatorial Design of Coded Distributed Computing
Venue: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)
Year: 2018

Coded distributed computing introduced by Li et al. in 2015 is an efficient approach to trade computing power to reduce the communication load in general distributed computing frameworks such as MapReduce. In particular, Li et al. show that increasing the computation load in the Map phase by a factor of $r$ can create coded multicasting opportunities to reduce the communication load in the Reduce phase by the same factor. However, there are two major limitations in practice. First, it requires an exponentially large number of input files (data batches) when the number of computing nodes gets large. Second, it forces every $s$ computing nodes to compute one Map function, which leads to a large number of Map functions required to achieve the promised gain. In this paper, we make an attempt to overcome these two limitations by proposing a novel coded distributed computing approach based on a combinatorial design. We demonstrate that when the number of computing nodes becomes large, 1) the proposed approach requires an exponentially less number of input files; 2) the required number of Map functions is also reduced exponentially. Meanwhile, the resulting computation communication trade off maintains the multiplicative gain compared to conventional uncoded unicast and achieves the information theoretic lower bound asymmetrically for some system parameters.
Hierarchical Attention Networks for Cyberbullying Detection on the Instagram Social Network
Venue: SDM
Year: 2019

Cyberbullying has become one of the most pressing online risks for young people and has raised serious concerns in society. Emerging literature identifies cyberbullying as repetitive temporal acts rather than one off incidents. Yet, there has been relatively little work to model the hierarchical structure of social media sessions and the temporal dynamics of cyberbullying in online social network sessions. We propose a hierarchical attention network for cyberbullying detection that takes these aspects of cyberbullying into account. The primary distinctive characteristics of our approach include: (i) a hierarchical structure that mirrors the structure of a social media session; (ii) two levels of attention mechanisms applied to the word and comment level, enabling the model to pay different amount of attention to words and comments dependent on the context; and (iii) a cyberbullying detection task that also predicts the interval of time between two adjacent comments. This allows the model to exploit the commonalities and differences across these two tasks to improve the performance of cyberbullying detection. Experiments on a real world dataset from Instagram, the social media platform on which the highest percentage of users have reported experiencing cyberbullying, reveal that the proposed architecture outperforms the state of the art method.
Sex demographics alter the effect of habitat structure on predation by a temporary pond specialist
Venue: Hydrobiologia
Year: 2019

Habitat structure can profoundly influence interaction strengths between predators and prey. Spatio temporal habitat structure in temporary wetland ecosystems is particularly variable because of fluctuations in water levels and vegetation colonisation dynamics. Demographic characteristics within animal populations may also alter the influence of habitat structure on biotic interactions, but have remained untested. Here, we investigate the influence of vegetation habitat structure on the consumption of larval mosquito prey by the calanoid copepod Lovenula raynerae a temporary pond specialist. Increased habitat complexity reduced predation, and gravid female copepods were generally more voracious than male copepods in simplified habitats. However, sexes were more similar as habitat complexity increased. Type II functional responses were exhibited by the copepods irrespective of habitat complexity and sex, owing to consistent high prey acquisition at low prey densities. Attack rates by copepods were relatively unaffected by the complexity gradient, whilst handling times lengthened under more complex environments in gravid female copepods. We demonstrate emergent effects of habitat complexity across species demographics, with predation by males more robust to differences in habitat complexity than females. For ecosystems such as temporary ponds where sex skewed predator ratios develop, our laboratory findings suggest habitat complexity and sex demographics mediate prey risk.
ROQ: A Noise Aware Quantization Scheme Towards Robust Optical Neural Networks with Low bit Controls
Venue: 2020 Design, Automation Test in Europe Conference Exhibition (DATE)
Year: 2020

Optical neural networks (ONNs) demonstrate orders of magnitude higher speed in deep learning acceleration than their electronic counterparts. However, limited control precision and device variations induce accuracy degradation in practical ONN implementations. To tackle this issue, we propose a quantization scheme that adapts a full precision ONN to low resolution voltage controls. Moreover, we propose a protective regularization technique that dynamically penalizes quantized weights based on their estimated noise robustness, leading to an improvement in noise robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme effectively adapts ONNs to limited precision controls and device variations. The resultant four layer ONN demonstrates higher inference accuracy with lower variances than baseline methods under various control precisions and device noises.
CEO power and corporate social responsibility
Venue: American Journal of Business
Year: 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) power on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance.  The authors use regression analysis to investigate the research question.  Using a 23 year panel sample with 1,574 unique US firms and 8,575 firm year observations, the authors find a significant and negative relation between CEO power and CSR, suggesting that firms with more powerful CEOs engage in less CSR activities.  The results reveal that more powerful CEOs become less responsive to the needs of stakeholder groups, confirming the validity of the stakeholder theory of CSR.