nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Compounding effects of warm sea surface temperature and reduced sea ice on the extreme circulation over the extratropical North Pacific and North America during the 2013 2014 boreal winter
Year: 2015

Unprecedented atmospheric circulations with extreme weather were observed in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere during the winter of 2013 2014. The anomalous circulations were the manifestation of the Pacific pattern or the North Pacific Oscillation/Western Pacific pattern but with extremely large amplitude. Simulation results suggest that the anomalous atmospheric circulations were constructively induced by anomalous sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific and extratropical North Pacific, as well as the low sea ice concentration in the Arctic. Natural variability played a major role in inducing the anomaly pattern, whereas the anomalously warm sea surface temperature and low Arctic sea ice concentration in the Bering Sea contributed to the intensity. If the anthropogenic warming has a significant impact on causing the synchronization of the aforementioned anomalies in sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration and this trend continues, severe winters similar to that in 2013 2014 may occur more frequently in the future.
Networked but Commodified: The (Dis)Embeddedness of Digital Labour in the Gig Economy
Venue: Sociology
Year: 2019

This article investigates the (dis)embeddedness of digital labour within the remote gig economy. We use interview and survey data to highlight how platform workers in Southeast Asia and Sub Saharan Africa are normatively disembedded from social protections through a process of commodification. Normative disembeddedness leaves workers exposed to the vagaries of the external labour market due to an absence of labour regulations and rights. It also endangers social reproduction by limiting access to healthcare and requiring workers to engage in significant unpaid 'work for labour' However, we show that these workers are also simultaneously embedded within interpersonal networks of trust, which enable the work to be completed despite the low trust nature of the gig economy. In bringing together the concepts of normative and network embeddedness, we reconnect the two sides of Polanyi's thinking and demonstrate the value of an integrated understanding of Polanyi's approach to embeddedness for understanding contemporary economic transformations.
Towards Cross Dataset Palmprint Recognition Via Joint Pixel and Feature Alignment
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2021

Deep learning based palmprint recognition algorithms have shown great potential. Most of them are mainly focused on identifying samples from the same dataset. However, they may be not suitable for a more convenient case that the images for training and test are from different datasets, such as collected by embedded terminals and smartphones. Therefore, we propose a novel Joint Pixel and Feature Alignment (JPFA) framework for such cross dataset palmprint recognition scenarios. Two stage alignment is applied to obtain adaptive features in source and target datasets. 1) Deep style transfer model is adopted to convert source images into fake images to reduce the dataset gaps and perform data augmentation on pixel level. 2) A new deep domain adaptation model is proposed to extract adaptive features by aligning the dataset specific distributions of target source and target fake pairs on feature level. Adequate experiments are conducted on several benchmarks including constrained and unconstrained palmprint databases. The results demonstrate that our JPFA outperforms other models to achieve the state of the arts. Compared with baseline, the accuracy of cross dataset identification is improved by up to 28.10% and the Equal Error Rate (EER) of cross dataset verification is reduced by up to 4.69% To make our results reproducible, the codes are publicly available at http:/gr.xjtu.edu.cn/web/bell/resource.
The evolution of a cooperative work framework for e Learning
Year: 2009

This paper details the evolution of a Framework for e Learning, to a Cooperative Work Framework for e Learning, as presented at the IASK conference (Graham 2008a) and annotated accordingly. It begins by discussing the development of the original Framework for e Learning, and how this study resulted in a further study investigating whether the use of Blended Learning could fulfill or at least accommodate some of the human requirements presently neglected by current e Learning systems as identified by the original Framework. This second study evaluated an in house system: Teachmat, and discussed how the use of Blended Learning had become increasingly prevalent as a result of the enhancement and expansion of Teachmat. It looked at the employment of Blended Learning and Teachmat's relationship to human and pedagogical issues, as well as both the positive and negative implications of this reality. PESTE factors from Sociology were then applied to appraise the adoption of e Learning, leading to the proposal of PESTE factors for educational software and e Learning in particular. Finally, the study evolved to reconsider e Learning in relation to a Cooperative Work Framework, revealing critical weakness in the fundamental nature of e Learning and its consequent propensity for failure.
Effectiveness Analysis of Aspect Oriented Dependence Flow Graph as an Intermediate Representation Tool
Venue: J. Comput. Sci.
Year: 2018

Graph based representations of programs such as control flow graph or dependence graph have been used to support program analysis tasks such as program comprehension and software maintenance. However, in the case of Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) such graph representations individually is not enough to represent the features of aspect oriented programs because it could need to identify the flow of control and the relationship of the data. AOP is a technique for improving modularity by separating crosscutting concerns in software development. In this article, a graph model known as Aspect Oriented Dependence Flow Graph (AODFG) is proposed to represent the structure of aspect oriented programs. The graph is formed by combining control flow graph and dependence graph into a single graph representation. As a consequence, more information about dependencies involving the features of AOP, such as join point, advice, aspects, their related constructs and the flow of control are able to be analysed. Effectiveness analysis of AODFG has been conducted in an experiment involving twenty software experts applying the graph on the AspectJ benchmark programs. The findings show that they were very satisfied with AODFG as an effective tools for analysing code.
Successful performance of basic gestures in tablet technology in post stroke patients: A feasibility study.
Venue: Technology and health care official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine
Year: 2019

Tablet technology is a promising tool for assisting therapeutic strategies in stroke rehabilitation. However, it is not clear whether the basic gestures (e.g. click, double click) are feasible.  This study aimed to assess the successful performance of gestures and associated factors.  This cross sectional study was conducted at a rehabilitation center in Austria. The successful tablet use was checked on a Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 (10.1 Wi Fi 25.6 cm; 10.1 Zoll) with a specifically developed app. To identify factors associated with successful use, impairments in activities of daily living (Barthel index) cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) motor functions (Nine Hole Peg Test) and grip strength (handgrip dynamometer) were assessed.  One hundred and twenty nine participants were analyzed, whereof 53.5% had a paretic upper limp and 69.2% was able to perform all gestures with at least one hand. Factors associated with successful use were higher Barthel index (OR: 1.06; 95% CI 1.01 1.11) and MoCA (OR: 1.21; 95% CI 1.01 1.44) whereas lower age (OR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.83 0.99) and a paretic hand (OR: 0.12; 95% CI 0.01 0.99) were associated with a lesser likelihood. Additionally, 18.6% successfully performed all gestures with the paretic hand, whereof 74% could not perform the double click and 77.0% were not able to zoom.  The majority of stroke patients are able to perform the basic gestures on a tablet with at least one hand, but only few patients with a paresis could do them. Gestures like double clicking and zooming should be avoided when designing apps for rehabilitation, as especially these were found difficult.
Peptide and Peptide Dependent Motions in MHC Proteins: Immunological Implications and Biophysical Underpinnings
Venue: Front. Immunol.
Year: 2017

Structural biology of peptides presented by class I and class II MHC proteins has transformed immunology, impacting our understanding of fundamental immune mechanisms and allowing researchers to rationalize immunogenicity and design novel vaccines. However, proteins are not static structures as often inferred from crystallographic structures. Their components move and breathe individually and collectively over a range of timescales. Peptides bound within MHC peptide binding grooves are no exception and their motions have been shown to impact recognition by T cell and other receptors in ways that influence function. Furthermore, peptides tune the motions of MHC proteins themselves, which impacts recognition of peptide/MHC complexes by other proteins. Here, we review the motional properties of peptides in MHC binding grooves and discuss how peptide properties can influence MHC motions. We briefly review theoretical concepts about protein motion and highlight key data that illustrate immunological consequences. We focus primarily on class I systems due to greater availability of data, but segue into class II systems as the concepts and consequences overlap. We suggest that characterization of the dynamic "energy landscapes" of peptide/MHC complexes and the resulting functional consequences is one of the next frontiers in structural immunology.
7. Chases and Escapes by Paul J. Nahin. Review by Eowyn Cenek. You are the captain of a merchant ship. Pirates are in pursuit! You are going in a straight line and the pirate
Year: 2009

1. The Mathematical Coloring Book: Mathematics of Coloring and the Colorful Life of its Creators by Alexander Soifer. Review by William Gasarch. This is a book that is part history, part math, and part memoir. It covers many topics in coloring (Ramsey Theory, Graph Coloring, the 4 color problem) and the people who came up with conjectures and proofs, and is told in the first person by the author.
Wombat gates effectively exclude browsing mammals from pasture and allow passage of common wombats
Year: 2020

The effectiveness of wombat gates to allow passage of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) while excluding other browsing mammals was investigated on a grazing property using camera traps. During a two week study period, wombats passed through 17 gates frequently (633 passes) compared with the commonly occurring Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii, 33 passes) and red necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus, 4 passes) Female wombats with young at foot passed through the gates together; however, occasionally they became separated on either side. Wombat gates were effective in providing passage for wombats and restricting passage by browsing macropods and in reducing damage to fences.
Alibaba's discourse for the digital Silk Road: the electronic World Trade Platform and 'inclusive globalization'
Venue: Chinese Journal of Communication
Year: 2019

The digital Silk Road, which involves the internationalization of Chinese internet firms across countries that are party to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has remained underexplored in the literature. This paper employs a poststructuralist discourse theory to analyze one of the most important Chinese internet firms, Alibaba, and its initiative for global trade: the electronic World Trade Platform (eWTP) The article argues that the eWTP is a counter hegemonic discourse that, based on the economic and technological power of Alibaba and its support of the BRI, attempts to globalize a China centered and privately led global digital trade order to challenge the previous wave of US led globalization. However, the eWTP has at least five contradictions. First, despite its criticisms of globalization, the initiative remains essentially neoliberal. Secondly, it sidelines inherent tensions with the Chinese state centric internet governance model. Thirdly, it excludes some social identities and makes utopian promises. Fourthly, it is unclear to what extent it really will be inclusive. Finally, unless carefully hedged, it might entrap partner countries in new types of problematic digital dependence.
Resilient agri food systems for nutrition amidst COVID 19: evidence and lessons from food based approaches to overcome micronutrient deficiency and rebuild livelihoods after crises
Venue: Food Security
Year: 2020

COVID 19 has had an instant effect on food systems in developing countries. Restrictions to the movement of people and goods have impaired access to markets, services and food. Unlike other concurrent crises, rather than threatening the material hardware of food systems, COVID 19 has so far affected the 'software' of food systems, highlighting again that connectivity is at the heart of these systems. Drops in demand, the loss of markets and employment and growing concerns about international cooperation are indications of possible deeper disruptions to come. Amidst this uncertainty, strategies to safeguard food and nutrition security of the world's poor need to prioritize diversification of production and markets. Nutritious, biofortified crops such as potato, sweetpotato, but also wheat, maize and beans among others, can play a more significant role to provide key micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, zinc) at large scale. Strong local market chains, robust smallholder production systems and increasing commercial utilization make these crops powerful vehicles for securing nutrition when markets and mobility look uncertain. We posit that the evolving impacts of COVID 19 provide an opportunity to focus agricultural innovations, including the development and delivery of biofortified crops, on new and more specifically defined 'jobs to be done' throughout the food system. This will help bridge some of the current disruptions in supply and demand and will help prepare food systems for future crises.
[CADASIL with clinical manifestations of lumbago, hunchback and Parkinson's syndrome]
Venue: Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi Chinese journal of medical genetics
Year: 2019

To report a patient with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) manifesting as lumbago, hunchback and Parkinson's syndrome.  A 49 years old male CADASIL patient was reported. Results of clinical examination, neuroimaging and genetic testing were analyzed. His family members were also subjected to genetic testing. Related literature was reviewed.  The patient had no typical symptoms of CADASIL such as headache, repeated stroke, dementia and emotional disorders, but progressive Parkinson's syndrome, late onset lumbago, hunchback, dysphagia, and diplopia. Brain MRI showed left basal ganglia and external capsule lacunar infarction. Genetic testing revealed a point mutation c.1630C>T (p.R544C) in exon 11 of the NOTCH3 gene. A heterozygous mutation was detected in the same gene in his mother, elder sister and younger brother, all of whom showed different clinical phenotypes.  The clinical features of CADASIL are heterogeneous. Lumbago, humpback, and Parkinson's syndrome may be a rare clinical phenotype of CADASIL.
A BERT Based Semantic Matching Ranker for Open Domain Question Answering
Venue: NLPIR
Year: 2020

Open domain question answering (QA) is a hot topic in recent years. Previous work has shown that an effective ranker can improve the overall QA performance by denoising irrelevant context. There are also some recent works leveraged BERT pre trained model to tackle with open domain QA tasks, and achieved significant improvements. Nevertheless, these BERT based models simply concatenates a paragraph with a question, ignoring the semantic similarity of them. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective BERT based semantic matching ranker to compute the semantic similarity between the paragraph and given question, in which three different representation aggregation functions are explored. To validate the generalized performance of our ranker, we conduct a series of experiments on two public open domain QA datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ranker contributes significant improvements on both the ranking and the final QA performances.
Association between mammographic density and tumor marker defined breast cancer subtypes: a case control study
Venue: European journal of cancer prevention the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation
Year: 2018

High mammographic density (MD) is the most important risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between MD and breast cancer subtypes defined by tumor markers. We enrolled 642 women with breast cancer (69% premenopausal) and 1241 controls matched for age and menopausal status. Absolute mammographic dense area (ADA) percent mammographic dense area (PDA) and nondense area were assessed using a computer assisted thresholding technique. We classified breast cancer cases into four subtypes using information on tumor marker expression such as estrogen receptor (ER) progesterone receptor (PR) and Cerb2 receptor (HER2) luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+ HER2 luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+ HER2+ HER2 overexpressing (ER PR and HER2+ and triple negative (ER PR and HER2 Analysis was carried out using a conditional logistic regression model with adjustment for covariates. ADA and PDA were associated positively with the risk of breast cancer overall. Both ADA and PDA tended to have a positive association with breast cancer with any ER, any PR, or HER2 but not for HER2+ The risk of luminal A breast cancer increased significantly 1.11 times (95% confidence interval: 1.01 1.23) for ADA and 1.12 times (95% confidence interval: 1.01 1.24) for PDA, estimated per 1 SD of the age and BMI adjusted MD. However, the risk of breast cancer with luminal B, HER2 overexpressing, and triple negative subtypes did not differ (P>0.10) Differential associations between MD measures and breast cancer by tumor marker status or tumor marker defined subtypes were not detected. These findings suggested that the association between MD and breast cancer subtype may be because of other causal pathways.
Time series modeling with hidden variables and gradient based algorithms
Year: 2011

We collect time series from real world phenomena, such as gene interactions in biology or word frequencies in consecutive news articles. However, these data present us with an incomplete picture, as they result from complex dynamical processes involving unobserved state variables. Research on state space models is motivated by simultaneously trying to infer hidden state variables from observations, as well as learning the associated dynamic and generative models. To address this problem, I have developed tractable, gradient based methods for training Dynamic Factor Graphs (DFG) with continuous latent variables. DFGs consist of (potentially highly nonlinear) factors modeling joint probabilities between hidden and observed variables. My hypothesis is that a principled inference of hidden variables is achievable in the energy based framework, through gradient based optimization to find the minimum energy state sequence given observations. This enables higher order nonlinearities than graphical models. Maximum likelihood learning is done by minimizing the expected energy over training sequences with respect to the factors' parameters. These alternated inference and parameter updates constitute a deterministic EM like procedure. Using nonlinear factors such as deep, convolutional networks, DFGs were shown to reconstruct chaotic attractors, to outperform a time series prediction benchmark, and to successfully impute motion capture data in presence of occlusions. In a joint work with the NYU Plant Systems Biology Lab, DFGs have been subsequently employed to the discovery of gene regulation networks by learning the dynamics of mRNA expression levels. DFGs have also been extended into a deep auto encoder architecture for time stamped text documents, with word frequencies as inputs. I focused on collections of documents exhibiting temporal structure. Working as dynamic topic models, DFGs could extract latent trajectories from consecutive political speeches; applied to news articles, they achieved state of the art text categorization and retrieval performance. Finally, I used DFGs to evaluate the likelihood of discrete sequences of words in text corpora, relying on dynamics on word embeddings. Collaborating with AT&T Labs Research on a project in speech recognition, we have improved on existing continuous statistical language models by enriching them with word features and long range topic dependencies.
Academic Procrastination in Study Habits and Its Relationship with Self Reported Executive Functions in High School Students
Year: 2020

Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon in educational settings. This study aimed to determine the relationship between academic procrastination regarding study habits and self reported executive functions in high school students. In a sample of 52 students, the following instruments were applied: Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) Study Habits Inventory (SHI) Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF(r) and as a control variable, anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) The results indicated that high school students had moderate procrastination scores that were negatively correlated with the SHI scores. A significant correlation was also found between the APS and the scales associated with the Metacognition Index (MI) as measured by BRIEF(r) It is concluded that students who procrastinate have difficulty organizing, planning and assimilating school content. The implementation of strategies for study habits in high school students is suggested, which would result in an impact on their metacognition.