nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Financial Education on Financial Literacy and Savings Behavior: Evidence from a Controlled Field Experiment in Dutch Primary Schools
Venue: Journal of Consumer Affairs
Year: 2019

In this paper, we report the results of a controlled field experiment designed to estimate the short term effects of a 45 minute financial education program on financial literacy and savings behavior in Dutch primary schools. Among fifth and sixth graders, the program led to a pre to posttest improvement in financial literacy on almost one out of eight questions, with about one third of the increase in correctness attributable to the program. It also raised the savings probability for fifth graders by seven percentage point but generated no significant increase for sixth graders. Overall, the program appears to have been mainly effective for the questions explicitly addressed in its content. We also note that the significant program effects appear to be driven by the result for girls; however, we cannot reject homogeneous treatment effects with respect to gender.
Postmarketing Surveillance of Pregnancy Outcomes With Dolutegravir Use
Venue: Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
Year: 2020

individuals.  Clinical impact and cost effectiveness of genotype testing at HIV diagnosis in the United States.  2019 [epub ahead of print] 3. Nakagawa F, Miners A, Smith CJ, et al. Projected lifetime healthcare costs associated with HIV infection.  2014;19:341 348. 5. Walensky RP, Sax PE, Nakamura YM, et al. Economic savings versus health losses: the cost effectiveness of generic antiretroviral therapy in the United States.  Castro H, Pillay D, Sabin C, et al; Resistance UKCGoHD. Effect of misclassification of antiretroviral treatment status on the prevalence of transmitted HIV 1 drug resistance.  Two drug regimens with dolutegravir plus rilpivirine or lamivudine in HIV 1 treatment naive, virologicallysuppressed patients: latest evidences from the literature on their efficacy and safety. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019.  Dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in antiretroviral naive adults with HIV 1 infection (GEMINI 1 and GEMINI2) week 48 results from two multicentre, double blind, randomised, non inferiority, phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2019;393:143 155. 9. Parker MM, Wade N, Lloyd RM Jr, et al. Prevalence of genotypic drug resistance among a cohort of HIV infected newborns. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.  Perinatal acquisition of drug resistant HIV 1 infection: mechanisms and long term outcome.  2009;6:85. 11. Jochimsen EM. Failures of zidovudine postexposure prophylaxis.  Streeck H, Verheyen J, Storim J, et al. Preexposure prophylaxis failure with tenofovir disoproxil. AIDS. 2017;31:176 177. 13. Dimitrov DT, Boily MC, Hallett TB, et al. How much do we know about drug resistance due to PrEP use? Analysis of experts' opinion and its influence on the projected public health impact.  2016;3:e231 e238. Postmarketing Surveillance of Pregnancy Outcomes With Dolutegravir Use
MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenes
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Standardized benchmarks are crucial for the majority of computer vision applications. Although leaderboards and ranking tables should not be over claimed, benchmarks often provide the most objective measure of performance and are therefore important guides for research. The benchmark for Multiple Object Tracking, MOTChallenge, was launched with the goal to establish a standardized evaluation of multiple object tracking methods. The challenge focuses on multiple people tracking, since pedestrians are well studied in the tracking community, and precise tracking and detection has high practical relevance. Since the first release, MOT15, MOT16, and MOT17 have tremendously contributed to the community by introducing a clean dataset and precise framework to benchmark multi object trackers. In this paper, we present our MOT20benchmark, consisting of 8 new sequences depicting very crowded challenging scenes. The benchmark was presented first at the 4thBMTT MOT Challenge Workshop at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR) 2019, and gives to chance to evaluate state of the art methods for multiple object tracking when handling extremely crowded scenarios.
Quantum design of photosynthesis for bio inspired solar energy conversion
Venue: Nature
Year: 2017

Photosynthesis is the natural process that converts solar photons into energy rich products that are needed to drive the biochemistry of life. Two ultrafast processes form the basis of photosynthesis: excitation energy transfer and charge separation. Under optimal conditions, every photon that is absorbed is used by the photosynthetic organism. Fundamental quantum mechanics phenomena, including delocalization, underlie the speed, efficiency and directionality of the charge separation process. At least four design principles are active in natural photosynthesis, and these can be applied practically to stimulate the development of bio inspired, human made energy conversion systems.
Time Series Movement Data represented as 2D image: Prediction of CP with Pretrained autoencoder
Year: 2019

We look at how time series coordinate movement data can be represented as images which have the ability to be understood by both a non technological clinician and a deep learning architecture, more specific an autoencoder. Autoencoders are known as good feature extractors, a beneficial quality in order to recognise fidgety movement patterns made by infants. Fidgety movements are age specific movements, and absence of these are strongly related to cerebral palsy. Movement data is previously extracted using a version of Human Pose Estimation called CIMA Pose on the original video recordings of the infants. The vision of this project is to make a contribution for the InMotion project at St. Olav's University Hospital, which aims to develop an automatic computerbased CP predictor. Our main contributions focus on highlighting the relevant data features as 2D images and implementing an autoencoder for cerebral palsy classification. Findings made during the process include evaluation and insight about the proposed data representation together with a discussion and recommendations for future work. Autoencoder related findings cannot exclude the autoencoder as a feature extractor but indicates that more research is required. This master thesis concludes that the proposed data representation is not ideal, before recommending future work for the InMotion project, in order for them to develop an automatic CP prediction model that can give an early and reliable CP diagnosis.
Drugs in lactation
Venue: The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research
Year: 2019

Although most medications can be taken safely during breastfeeding, potential risks of infant toxicity do exist because all medications will be excreted into the breast milk to some extent. The amount of medication excreted in the milk depends mainly on (i) within drug variation, such as dosing; (ii) between drug variation including chemical characteristics of the medication; and (iii) host factors, such as maternal pharmacokinetics (PK) including variations of pregnancy associated changes and their post partum recovery. Neonatal drug exposure is usually assessed by calculating an expected total infant daily dose through breast milk and comparing it to the normal therapeutic dose. However, clinical PK studies in this population are challenging to conduct. Recently, research methods using population PK analyses and physiologically based PK modeling and simulation techniques have been recognized as a complementary approach to the conventional PK studies in this field. These efforts are important for rational risk assessment balancing the toxicity risk against the benefits of human milk. Health benefits of lactation for both mother and child are significant and a decision to withhold from this should not be taken lightly. In case limited information is present, additional expertise from pharmacists or clinical pharmacologist with expertise in this area should be sought.
A Survey on PoW Based Consensus
Year: 2020

We provide a historical overview of proof of work techniques and the fields in which it plunges its roots. We are interested in PoW techniques applied to blockchain technology and therefore we survey the state of the art protocols employing these methods for consensus algorithms, emphasizing the differences between the efficient hashcash systems and the promising bread pudding protocols. Afterwards, the consensus mechanisms are discussed and some interesting known attacks to these algorithms are collected and classified according to their underlying ideas.
Green Entrepreneurship in Tourism
Year: 2018

This chapter aims to discuss the key issues of green entrepreneurship in tourism (GEiT) paying special attention to the environmental performance of green entrepreneurs and its relationship with strategy, brand reputation and long term business growth.  Literature review is conducted on conceptual issues and several hotels first hand experiences that were categorised to provide readers with business world examples.  This chapter highlights how small and medium sized entrepreneurs are the agents who started green innovation initiatives and how larger corporations tested and validated them. A myriad of small green interventions awaits to be undercovered and implemented. Most of them can bring financial improvements to the entrepreneurs as the required initial investments are not necessarily high.  This chapter is explorative in nature, based on a literature review and interviews based analysis of consolidated green initiatives, most of them being successful ones.  The forces driving green initiatives are identified and classified. Most important categories of green entrepreneurs are described and emphasis was placed on the managerial and marketing benefits linked to green initiatives and action plans.  This chapter presents models and concepts in an integrated way, facilitating a useful knowledge for prospective entrepreneurs wishing to acquire a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges related to eco friendly business.
Adhesion of ultrafine particles Energy absorption at contact
Year: 2007

The mechanical product behaviour of cohesive ultrafine powders d 10 m m is characterized by insufficient flowability and large compressibility. Consequently, a comparatively large energy input is necessary to promote the non rapid frictional shear flow in powder handling practice. The paper continues the new micromechanical philosophy demonstrated in the last publication [Tomas, J. 2007a. Adhesion of ultrafine particles a micromechanical approach. Chemical Engineering Science 62, 1997 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.055] When two adhesive particles are coming in contact, the constitutive models of four stressing modes, namely by compression and detachment (tension) sliding, rolling and torsion have to be derived. The consequences of elastic dissipative, elastic plastic, frictional unloading and reloading paths of normal and tangential forces, rolling and torsional moments are discussed with respect to energy absorption. The total energy absorption comprises contributions by elastic dissipative hysteresis due to microslip within the contact plane and by fully developed friction work when the friction limits of displacements are exceeded during contact sliding, particle rolling or rotation. With increasing contact flattening by normal load these friction limits, hysteresis and friction work increase. The particle mass related, averaged energy densities of these various stressing modes are found to be 0.4 6 mJ/g. But the enormous, mass of contact zone related energy density amounts to 0.2 20 kJ/g. Besides this, the powder mass related energy consumption characterises the global intensity of energy absorption of macroscopic process within an apparatus, e.g. the specific preshear work of about 1 5 mJ/g. Thus, it is very essential to understand the micromechanics of particle contact behaviour with respect to product quality assessment and process performance in particle technology.
Intelligent portal positioning blood oxygen instrument
Year: 2015

The invention discloses an intelligent portal positioning blood oxygen instrument. The intelligent portal positioning blood oxygen instrument has a finger sleeve type body ring equipped with a signal collection device, a signal processing device and a number displaying device. A human body signal collected by the signal collection device is processed by the signal processing device in a calculation way into pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation degree measuring values and then is displayed via the number displaying device; during the use, as long as the finger sleeve type body ring sleeves a thumb joint of a user, the signal collection device on the body ring can collect the human body signal ad transmit the human body signal to the signal processing device for calculation and processing; and the user can see the pulse rate and the blood oxygen saturation degree measuring values via the number displaying device. The intelligent portable positioning blood oxygen instrument can be comfortably worn and has thorough contact with a human body detection part; small measuring errors are caused; and the intelligent portable finger ring blood oxygen instrument has auxiliary functions of positioning and health caring.
The nonlinear integro differential Ito dynamical equation via three modified mathematical methods and its analytical solutions
Year: 2020

In this work, we construct traveling wave solutions of (1+1) dimensional Ito integro differential equation via three analytical modified mathematical methods. We have also compared our achieved results with other different articles. Portrayed of some 2D and 3D figures via Mathematica software demonstrates to understand the physical phenomena of the nonlinear wave model. These methods are powerful mathematical tools for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations and can be also applied to non integrable equations as well as integrable ones. Hence worked out results ascertained suggested that employed techniques best to deal NLEEs.
Advances in static single assignment form and register allocation
Year: 2006

Static Single Assignment (SSA) Form is one of the most widely recognized intermediate representations used for compiler optimizations. More recently, SSA Form has been used for hardware synthesis, software verification, and type safety systems as well. This thesis explores the use of SSA Form in two separate, yet similar contexts: register allocation in the context of both high level synthesis and compilers. Strict SSA Form satisfies the property that the definition point of each variable dominates each use of the variable. In Strict SSA Form, the interference graph is proven to belong to the class of chordal graphs. This, immediately, yields an optimal polynomial time algorithm for register allocation in high level synthesis. Register assignment in synthesis, which optimizes the allocation of interconnect resources, remains NP Complete. A simulated annealing heuristic is presented that reduces the total amount of interconnect allocated to the design without increasing the number of registers. The chordal interference graph property only holds for SSA Form programs that are strict. To generalize the technique to encompass non strict SSA Form program, an algorithm to convert from non strict to strict SSA Form is presented. Register allocation in compilers, however, remains NP Complete, even for SSA Form programs, and despite the chordal interference graph property. Currently, several research groups are working on SSA based register allocation schemes; however, several challenges must be addressed before these techniques will be competitive with the stateof the art. First and foremost, SSA Form is not preserved when spilling occurs; consequence, SSA Form must be rebuild after every spill, which can be quite costly. Instead, a novel Spillable SSA Form is proposed that is preserved in the presence of spilling. As an added bonus, Spillable SSA Form is proven to support liveness analysis for reducible flowgraphs in a single iteration. Second, the translation out of SSA Form following the assignment of register and memory locations is an intricate and tricky process that has a complex interaction with the register and memory assignment phase of the allocator. A technique to translate out of SSA following register and memory assignment is presented. The translation out of SSA can insert a significant number of loads and stores, derived from the assignment of register and memory locations, and possibly even cause additional spilling. At present, this issue appears to be the largest impediment to the success of SSA based register allocation. Lastly, a fast algorithm to build Pruned SSA Form is presented. Unlike prior techniques, this algorithm does not require liveness analysis in advance, and runs considerably faster as a consequence. Specifically, the algorithm is a rather simplistic form of dead code elimination that focuses solely on p functions. By eliminating all dead p functions, a program in Semi pruned SSA Form, which can be built quickly, is converted to Pruned SSA.
Formal verification of object layout for c+ multiple inheritance
Venue: POPL '11
Year: 2011

Object layout the concrete in memory representation of objects raises many delicate issues in the case of the C+ language, owing in particular to multiple inheritance, C compatibility and separate compilation. This paper formalizes a family of C+ object layout schemes and mechanically proves their correctness against the operational semantics for multiple inheritance of Wasserrab et al. This formalization is flexible enough to account for space saving techniques such as empty base class optimization and tail padding optimization. As an application, we obtain the first formal correctness proofs for realistic, optimized object layout algorithms, including one based on the popular "common vendor" Itanium C+ application binary interface. This work provides semantic foundations to discover and justify new layout optimizations; it is also a first step towards the verification of a C+ compiler front end.
Diverse Yet Efficient Retrieval using Locality Sensitive Hashing
Venue: ICMR
Year: 2016

Typical retrieval systems have three requirements: a) Accurate retrieval, i.e. the method should have high precision, b) Diverse retrieval, i.e. the obtained set of samples should be diverse, and c) Retrieval time should be small. However, most of the existing methods address only one or two of the above mentioned requirements. In this work, we present a method based on randomized locality sensitive hashing which tries to address all of the above requirements simultaneously. While earlier hashing based approaches considered approximate retrieval to be acceptable only for the sake of efficiency, we argue that one can further exploit approximate retrieval to provide impressive trade offs between accuracy and diversity. We also extend our method to the problem of multi label prediction, where the goal is to output a diverse and accurate set of labels for a given document in real time. Finally, we present empirical results on image and text retrieval tasks and show that our method retrieves diverse and accurate images/labels while ensuring 100x speed up over the existing diverse retrieval approaches.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN PLACE OF ELECTION EXPENDITURE APPROACH Analytical Hierarchy Process (CASE STUDY IN DEPOK COMMUNITY)
Year: 2011

Along with growth in advanced economies, especially in big cities, there have been changes in various sectors including indus try and the production and retail activities in Indonesia on a large scale economic enterprises. On the other hand is also a shift in lifestyle from traditional to modern, thus creat ing a change in consumer shopping patterns. The purpose of this study to determine the level of consumer prefer ences for the factors that in uence the choice of location for shopping, the most dominant factor to the decision of the selection of places to shop, and what type of retail is an option for people to shop Depok. In this study, computa tional methods of decision making system that is used is the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with using Expert Choice software version 11. Results obtained from this research is the best alternative of choice for shopping Depok community based on the order of highest to lowest is as follows Supermarkets hypermarkets with a percentage of 44.1
Don't Trigger Me! A Triggerless Backdoor Attack Against Deep Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Backdoor attack against deep neural networks is currently being profoundly investigated due to its severe security consequences. Current state of the art backdoor attacks require the adversary to modify the input, usually by adding a trigger to it, for the target model to activate the backdoor. This added trigger not only increases the difficulty of launching the backdoor attack in the physical world, but also can be easily detected by multiple defense mechanisms. In this paper, we present the first triggerless backdoor attack against deep neural networks, where the adversary does not need to modify the input for triggering the backdoor. Our attack is based on the dropout technique. Concretely, we associate a set of target neurons that are dropped out during model training with the target label. In the prediction phase, the model will output the target label when the target neurons are dropped again, i.e. the backdoor attack is launched. This triggerless feature of our attack makes it practical in the physical world. Extensive experiments show that our triggerless backdoor attack achieves a perfect attack success rate with a negligible damage to the model's utility.
Application of Fuzzy Neural Network PID Algorithm in Oil Pump Control
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Computer Network, Electronic and Automation (ICCNEA)
Year: 2019

The control system of oil pump generally exists in the steep mountains with harsh environment. The external conditions such as temperature and air pressure will have a great influence on the control system of oil pump. In addition, because the current oil pump system generally adopts PID control, its control effect on the large lag nonlinear system is not very good, and the rise of neural network in recent years is comparable to the non linear system. This paper combines the advantages of fuzzy control and neural network control, proposes a fuzzy neural network PID control algorithm to control the oil pump system, and makes a detailed analysis of the control performance of the oil pump and the structure model and algorithm implementation of the algorithm. Matlab simulation shows that the algorithm has good effect in overshoot and anti jamming ability.
Inventory Optimization in Supply Chain Management using Genetic Algorithm
Year: 2009

Inventory management plays a vital role in supply chain management. The service provided to the customer eventually gets enhanced once the efficient and effective management of inventory is carried out all through the supply chain. Thus the determination of the inventory to be held at various levels in a supply chain becomes inevitable so as to ensure minimal cost for the supply chain. Minimizing the total supply chain cost is meant for minimizing holding and shortage cost in the entire supply chain. The minimization of the total supply chain cost can only be achieved when optimization of the base stock level is carried out at each member of the supply chain. A serious issue in the implementation of the same is that the excess stock level and shortage level is not static for every period. In this paper, we have developed a new and efficient approach that works on Genetic Algorithms in order to distinctively determine the most probable excess stock level and shortage level required for inventory optimization in the supply chain such that the total supply chain cost is minimized.