nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrolytic carbons derived from water soluble polymers
Venue: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Year: 2013

Conductive pyrolytic carbon materials were obtained in wet impregnation process followed by controlled pyrolysis. Poly N vinylformamide (PNVF) as well as mixture of PNVF and pyromellitic acid (PMA) were applied as carbon precursors. Composition of carbon precursors was optimized in terms to obtain best electrical properties of pyrolytic carbons. Mixture of PNVF and PMA as well as pure PNVF were deposited on the model alumina (a Al2O3) support to form conductive carbon layers (CCL) The optimal composition of the polymer precursors was determined by Raman spectra and electrical conductivity measurements. The carbonization conditions were optimized using complementary thermal analysis methods (EGA(FTIR) TG/DTG/STDA) It was found that the addition of PMA to polymer precursor PNVF decreases temperature of formation of condensed graphene structures, domains of electrical conductivity, thus, the formation temperature of pyrolytic carbons with desired electrical properties may be decreased.
Adolphe Hanoteau (X 1832, 1814 1897) une passion pour le monde berbere
Year: 2019

Un interet precoce pour l'Afrique du Nord Le 12 Juin 1814 naissait a Decize dans la Nievre Louis Joseph Adolphe Charles Constance Hanoteau. Son pere Charles Constance Hanoteau etait depuis 1801 inspecteur de la navigation de la Loire. Sa mere, nee Jeanne Marie Raboue, etait de Decize. Le couple, marie en 1806, eut bien plus tard, en 1823, un deuxieme enfant, Charles Auguste Hector, qui fit une carriere de peintre paysagiste. Le general Hanoteau vers 1883 BNF Gallica Adolphe Hanoteau fit ses
Clower's Volte Face regarding the "Keynesian Revolution"
Year: 2018

Robert W. Clower's article "The Keynesian Counter Revolution: A Theoretical Appraisal" (1965) was central to the transformation of Keynesian macroeconomics since it contributed to the emergence of fixed price models, in the 1970s. Despite this influence, no scholar has proposed to explain its origins. My paper aims to fill this gap. It is argued that Clower came to build his disequilibrium program of microfoundations after changing radically his views about the meaning and the nature of the 'Keynesian Revolution' During a first research phase (19491957) Clower considered that Keynesian macroeconomics was compatible with market clearing and with Walrasian microfoundations. But he eventually moved away from these equilibrium and synthesis perspectives. During a second research phase (1958 1962) he came to conclude that Keynesian macroeconomics had to be rooted in a disequilibrium framework and could not be based on Walrasian microfoundations. Hence the existence of a volte face. This volte face is explained by putting the invariants of Clower's thought (i.e. his search for microfoundations adapted to Keynesian macroeconomics, and his concerns with unstable dynamics) in perspective with the contemporary developments in the disequilibrium macroeconomics of Don Patinkin, and in the non tatonnement economics of Frank Hahn and Takashi Negishi.  microfoundations of macroeconomics, disequilibrium theory, instability of the full employment equilibrium, Clower, Patinkin. University of Lille, LEM CNRS (UMR 9221) plassardromain@gmail.com. I am grateful to Roger E. Backhouse, Harald Hagemann, Kevin D. Hoover, Goulven Rubin, Michel de Vroey, and an anonymous referee for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this article. I am also grateful to the staff of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Duke University for their help with the Robert Clower Papers.
Power, Politics and Participation: The Russian Federation's National Minorities and Their Participatory Rights
Year: 2012

Participatory rights are essential in the formulation of effective minority policies, but they are probably the most complex rights to delineate and regulate. Difficulties in implementing participatory rights exist in all countries: there are logistic difficulties in the establishment of effective mechanisms enabling the involvement of the whole spectrum of stakeholders in decision making. This article reveals obstacles to Russia's implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, with a focus on participatory rights (Article 15) It is argued that Russia does not meet the requirements of Article 15, owing to the fact that the form of participation offered to minorities is devoid of guarantees that it will be 'effective' An analysis of the two forms of participation representation in elected bodies and consultative mechanisms, with a particular reference to National Cultural Autonomy reveals an over reliance on informal networks and practices in the management of majority minority relations. Mechanisms for participation are locked into a system that has features partly originating from the Soviet period and partly from policies introduced by former Russian President Vladimir Putin. The article concludes that international standards on minority participation are unlikely to induce a substantial shift in minority policies in Russia given the international standards' own flexibility and the Russian leadership's commitment to its own approach to nationality issues in the context of its plans for a 'managed democracy' Despite this, it is argued that international standards should not be dismissed as irrelevant in Russia.
Rancang bangun pembangkit kunci jawaban dan evaluasi otomatis pada aplikasi pembelajaran aksara jawa
Year: 2016

INDONESIA Soal diterjemahkan sebagai permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan dalam menjalankan evaluasi. Dalam aplikasi pembelajaran aksara jawa ini, terdapat proses yang disebut sebagai pembangkitan soal. Dalam melakukan pembangkitan soal ini, dijalankan proses pembacaan file dengan ekstensi .txt dan proses pembangkitan sejumlah n soal terpilih sebagai soal evaluasi pembelajaran aksara jawa. Proses pembacaan file ekstensi .txt merupakan proses pembangkitan bank soal yang dijalankan dengan memberikan delimiter berupa "\n" Sementara proses pembangkitan sejumlah n soal terpilih merupakan proses pemilihan soal yang akan dijadikan soal terpilih nomor i yang ditampilkan pada interface user. Proses lainnya yang dijalankan pada aplikasi ini yaitu proses pembangkitan kunci jawaban menggunakan proses alih aksara. Proses ini menerjemahkan soal terpilih ke dalam susunan aksara jawa dalam variabel kunci jawaban. Ketika kunci jawaban sudah siap digunakan maka aplikasi ini akan menjalankan evaluasi otomatis yang disebut sebagai pengecekan kesesuaian jawaban user dengan kunci jawaban. Dalam menjalankan proses pengecekan kesesuaian ini, dijalankan pengecekan mulai dari karakter yang pertama hingga karakter ke n. Dengan inisialisasi text sebagai kalimat utama berada pada arrayT[1,,n] dan variabel lain yaitu pattern sebagai kata yang akan dicocokkan pada text nantinya berada pada posisi arrayP[1,,m] aplikasi ini akan mencatat apabila ditemui ketidak sesuaian antara kedua variabel yang ada. ENGLISH Problem is translated as a problem to be solved in carrying out the evaluation. In this java script learning applications, there is a process known as the generation of matter. In doing about this generation, run the process of reading a file with a .txt extension and the generation of n matter chosen as a matter of evaluation of learning java script. The extension .txt file reading process is the process of generating a question bank that is run by giving delimiter of " n" While the process of generating a number n about elected an electoral process that will be made about the matter voted number i is displayed on the user interface. Other processes that run on this application is the answer key generation process using the process over the script. This process translates into the composition of matter of selected Java script in the answer key variables. When the answer key is ready for use then this application will run automatic evaluation of the so called user answers checking conformity with the answer key. In carrying out the process of checking the conformity of this, checks are run starting from the first character to character to n. With the initialization text as the primary sentence is at arrayT [1, n] and other variables that pattern as the word to be matched in the text will be in a position arrayP [1, m] This application will be recorded if encountered a discrepancy between the two variables exist.
An exact analysis for transient anisotropic heat conduction in truncated composite conical shells
Year: 2017

This paper presents an exact analytical solution for transient anisotropic heat conduction in a truncated composite conical shell for the first time. The fibers of composite conical shell are winded around the body in any arbitrary direction. Heat convection between the ambient fluid flow and composite conical shell is modeled and the exact solution of heat conduction equation is obtained by combining two popular analytical methods. First, by means of an integral transform in angular direction, the heat conduction equation is transformed and after that the transferred heat equation is solved using separation of variables method. Eventually, an inverse transformation is used in order to achieve the final exact solution of heat conduction equation. Validation of the present analytical solution is performed by comparing the analytical results with the solution of second order finite different method. Besides, the capability of present solution in solving the industrial cases is tested. The present solution is applicable in some industrial cases such as cooling pin fins and aeronautical instruments.
Highly Luminescent Ln MOFs Based on 1,3 Adamantanediacetic Acid as Bifunctional Sensor
Year: 2018

A series of lanthanide metal organic frameworks (Ln MOFs) are synthesized under mild hydrothermal condition by introducing the ligand of 1,3 adamantanediacetic acid (H2ADA) They are three dimentional (3D) structures and have the formula of [Ln(ADA)1.5(phen)]n (Ln3+ Eu3+ 1a, Gd3+ 1b, Tb3+ 1c, La3+ 1d, Ce3+ 1e, Pr3+ 1f, Nd3+ 1 g, Y3+ 1 h; phen 1,10 phenanthroline) These Ln MOFs are fully characterized by single crystal X ray diffraction, PXRD, TGA, EA and FT IR. Luminescence properties, including luminescence spectra, luminescence decay lifetimes and luminescence quantum yields (QYs) are analyzed in detail. Eu3+ complex of 1a shows highly luminescence QYs of 58.61% which due to that the triplet state of phen competes well with the excited emission state of Eu3+ Further investigation reveals that 1a is a bifunctional sensor, which can be used as a turn off luminescence sensor for detecting Ni2+ and turn on luminescence sensor for probing Val at the same time. Interestingly, the limit of detect (LOD) for sensing Ni2+ is an ultrahigh sensitive value of 1.0 x 10 9 M (5.9 x 10 5 mg/L) which is lower than the Chinese environmental quality standard (0.5 mg/L of total Ni2+ content, GB25467 2010) and it is the most sensitive chemosensor for detecting Ni2+ to the best of our knowledge. Investigation also reveals there is a good linear relationship between luminescence intensity and the concentration of Ni2+ in 0.2 0.6 mM. The sensing mechanism for detecting Ni2+ and Val are also discussed.
Solving the etiology of dental caries.
Venue: Trends in microbiology
Year: 2015

For decades, the sugar fermenting, acidogenic species Streptococcus mutans has been considered the main causative agent of dental caries and most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have been targeted toward this microorganism. However, recent DNA and RNA based studies from carious lesions have uncovered an extraordinarily diverse ecosystem where S. mutans accounts only a tiny fraction of the bacterial community. This supports the concept that consortia formed by multiple microorganisms act collectively, probably synergistically, to initiate and expand the cavity. Thus, antimicrobial therapies are not expected to be effective in the treatment of caries and other polymicrobial diseases that do not follow classical Koch's postulates.
Physician Time Spent Using the Electronic Health Record During Outpatient Encounters
Venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
Year: 2020

Overhage and McCallie (1) reported that primary care physicians and ambulatory medical subspecialists actively used electronic health records (EHRs) for an average of 16 minutes and 14 seconds per patient encounter. Eleven percent of this time was spent after hours. Physicians whose work is primarily cognitive spent the most time actively using EHRs. Adler Milstein's editorial (2) that accompanied Overhage and McCallie's article asks 2 questions: Is this too much time, and how can required clinical information be generated most efficiently? Although answering these questions is critical, an even more immediate question is: When do physicians, especially those in primary care, find the time to provide necessary care and navigate the EHR without burning out (www.ahrq .gov/prevention/clinician/ahrq works/burnout/index.html) A recent analysis of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (3) found that in 2015, the average time spent during a primary care visit was 21.6 minutes. The heavy burden that EHR use currently places on physicians' time clearly necessitates more time per encounter and fewer encounters per day. However, primary care physicians who are among the lowest paid in the profession (4) cannot perform fewer patient encounters unless they are paid more per encounter, something that will be accomplished only with an increase in valuation of cognitive services. In the United States, payment levels for medical services are largely based on the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services' resource based relative value scale. In 2018, the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, a nonpartisan congressional agency, reiterated its long standing concern that evaluation and management services are underpriced by the Medicare fee schedule compared with other services, such as procedures (5) The Commission concluded that the fee schedule is not well designed to support service delivery for multiple complex chronic conditions requiring extensive care coordination. Although the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services has increased payment for evaluation and management services since 1992, Medicare payment for a midlevel office visit (CPT [Current Procedural Terminology] code 99213) was $75 in 2019 (www.cms.gov/apps/physician fee schedule/overview.aspx) The Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services must increase valuation of cognitive services in order to accommodate the heavy time demands of EHR use among physicians who provide cognitive services, ensure high quality patient care, prevent physician burnout, and sustain the physician workforce.
Reoptimization Heuristic for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Year: 2018

The solution to a dynamic context of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is challenging. Routing and replenishment decisions are necessary by considering the assignment of customers to vehicles when the information is gradually revealed over horizon time. The procedure to solve this type of problems is referred to as route reoptimization, which is the best option for minimizing expected transportation cost without incurring failures of unsatisfied demand on a route. This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm for the reoptimization of CVRP in which the number of customers increases. The algorithm uses proposed performance metrics to reduce route dispersion and minimize length. The initial solution is generated using the savings algorithm and then enhanced using the Record to Record travel metaheuristic. By including or reducing new customers in the system, a reoptimization is performed which considers the visited nodes and edges as fixed. The optimization of the algorithm is implemented hierarchically by first minimizing dispersion and then minimizing distance. Next, the local search procedure is executed to improve the solution. A classic optimization is performed on all instances using the original and new customers' information for later comparison to minimize distance. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was validated using real world cases from the literature. The results are promising and show the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving the considered problem by using reoptimization procedures in order to achieve good approximation ratios within short computing times.
Conservative entropic forces
Year: 2011

Entropic forces have recently attracted considerable attention as ways to reformulate, retrodict, and perhaps even "explain" classical Newtonian gravity from a rather specific thermodynamic perspective. In this article I point out that if one wishes to reformulate classical Newtonian gravity in terms of an entropic force, then the fact that Newtonian gravity is described by a conservative force places significant constraints on the form of the entropy and temperature functions. (These constraints also apply to entropic reinterpretations of electromagnetism, and indeed to any conservative force derivable from a potential.)The constraints I will establish are sufficient to present real and significant problems for any reasonable variant of Verlinde's entropic gravity proposal, though for technical reasons the constraints established herein do not directly impact on either Jacobson'sor Padmanabhan's versions of entropic gravity. In an attempt to resolve these issues, I will extend the usual notion of entropic force to multiple heat baths with multiple "temperatures" and multiple "entropies"
Compressed single pixel imaging in the spatial frequency domain.
Venue: Journal of biomedical optics
Year: 2017

We have developed compressed sensing single pixel spatial frequency domain imaging (cs SFDI) to characterize tissue optical properties over a wide field of view 35 mm x 35 mm using multiple near infrared (NIR) wavelengths simultaneously. Our approach takes advantage of the relatively sparse spatial content required for mapping tissue optical properties at length scales comparable to the transport scattering length in tissue l tr 1 mm and the high bandwidth available for spectral encoding using a single element detector. cs SFDI recovered absorption a and reduced scattering s coefficients of a tissue phantom at three NIR wavelengths (660, 850, and 940 nm) within 7.6% and 4.3% of absolute values determined using camera based SFDI, respectively. These results suggest that cs SFDI can be developed as a multi and hyperspectral imaging modality for quantitative, dynamic imaging of tissue optical and physiological properties.
Robust Depth Estimation for Light Field Microscopy
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2019

Light field technologies have seen a rise in recent years and microscopy is a field where such technology has had a deep impact. The possibility to provide spatial and angular information at the same time and in a single shot brings several advantages and allows for new applications. A common goal in these applications is the calculation of a depth map to reconstruct the three dimensional geometry of the scene. Many approaches are applicable, but most of them cannot achieve high accuracy because of the nature of such images: biological samples are usually poor in features and do not exhibit sharp colors like natural scene. Due to such conditions, standard approaches result in noisy depth maps. In this work, a robust approach is proposed where accurate depth maps can be produced exploiting the information recorded in the light field, in particular, images produced with Fourier integral Microscope. The proposed approach can be divided into three main parts. Initially, it creates two cost volumes using different focal cues, namely correspondences and defocus. Secondly, it applies filtering methods that exploit multi scale and super pixels cost aggregation to reduce noise and enhance the accuracy. Finally, it merges the two cost volumes and extracts a depth map through multi label optimization.
Simultaneous identification of a contaminant source and hydraulic conductivity via the restart normal score ensemble Kalman filter
Year: 2018

Detecting where and when a contaminant entered an aquifer from observations downgradient of the source is a difficult task; this identification becomes more challenging when the uncertainty about the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity is accounted for. In this paper, we have implemented an application of the restart normal score ensemble Kalman filter (NS EnKF) for the simultaneous identification of a contaminant source and the spatially variable hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer. The method is capable of providing estimates of the spatial location, initial release time, the duration of the release and the mass load of a point contamination event, plus the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity together with an assessment of the estimation uncertainty of all the parameters. The method has been applied in synthetic aquifers exhibiting both Gaussian and non Gaussian patterns. The identification is made possible by assimilating in time both piezometric head and concentration observations from an array of observation wells. The method is demonstrated in three different synthetic scenarios that combine hydraulic conductivities with unimodal and bimodal histograms, and releases in high and low conductivity zones. The results prove that the specific implementation of the EnKF is capable of recovering the source parameters with some uncertainty and of recovering the main patterns of heterogeneity of the hydraulic conductivity fields by assimilating a sufficient number of state variable observations. The proposed approach is an important step towards contaminant source identification in real aquifers, which may have logconductivity spatial distributions with either Gaussian or non Gaussian features, yet, it is still far from practical applications since the transport parameters, the external sinks and sources and the initial and boundary conditions are assumed known.
Kent Meydanlarinin Fiziksel Mekan Kalitesi: Istanbul Taksim Meydani ve Yakin Cevresi
Year: 2019

Kent meydanlari, gecmisten gunumuze bulunduklari donem ve yerin etkisi ile bicimlenmis odak noktalaridir. Zaman icerisinde donusum ve degisim yasayan meydanlar, kentlerin hem aynasi hem bellegi olmuslardir. Her donem kent ve kullanicilar icin sosyo kulturel, islevsel ve gorsel acidan pek cok katki saglayarak kentin mekansal kalitesini etkilemislerdir. Bu anlamda, calismada "Kentsel mekan kalitesinin belirlenmesinde, kent meydanlarinin fiziksel mekan kurgularinin etkili olacagi ongorusu" ile, Istanbul Ili Taksim Meydani ve yakin cevresinin fiziksel mekan kalitesinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmistir. Bu amacla, Taksim Meydani ve yakin cevresinde, fiziksel kaliteye yonelik parametreler belirlenmistir. Belirlenen parametreler cercevesinde alan tespitleri yapilarak, mekansal analizler gerceklestirilmistir.