nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotoxic MicroRNA
Venue: Science Signaling
Year: 2012

Extracellular let 7 microRNA activates the innate immune receptor TLR7, triggering neuronal death. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in noninfectious injury of the brain, such as that caused by neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. TLR7, an innate immune receptor localized to endosomes, recognizes various forms of pathogen derived RNA. Noting that the let 7 family of microRNAs, which are abundant in the brain, had a GU rich sequence similar to that of a single stranded RNA from human immunodeficiency virus that activates TLR7, Lehmann et al. showed that extracellular addition of let 7 microRNAs stimulated the production of a cytokine from cultured microglia and macrophages. This response depended on the conserved GU rich sequence and was reduced in TLR7 deficient cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that TLR7 was present in neurons in mouse brain. Adding let 7 to purified cortical or hippocampal neurons triggered caspase dependent cell death. Cells deficient in TLR7 or its adaptor protein MyD88 were resistant to let 7 induced neurotoxicity. Biotinylated let 7 was taken up by neurons without the presence of transfection reagents, confirming that extracellularly applied let 7 was internalized and reached the endosomally localized TLR7. Supernatants of neurons induced to die by either apoptosis or necrosis contained let 7 and caused cell death when applied to cultured neurons. Cell death was prevented if the neurons receiving the supernatant lacked TLR7 or if the supernatants were pretreated with a let 7 family inhibitor. TLR7 dependent neuronal injury and loss after intrathecal injection of let 7 confirmed its neurotoxicity in vivo. TLR7 deficient mice that had TLR7 reintroduced by in utero electroporation exhibited a specific reduction in a marker of transfection after injection of let 7, consistent with TLR7 dependent toxicity. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease showed increased let 7 abundance compared with the amount in CSF from control patients. Thus, let 7 may contribute to neuronal loss as it is released from dying cells and causes neurotoxicity in nearby cells. S. M. Lehmann, C. Kruger, B. Park, K. Derkow, K. Rosenberger, J. Baumgart, T. Trimbuch, G. Eom, M. Hinz, D. Kaul, P. Habbel, R. Kalin, E. Franzoni, A. Rybak, D. Nguyen, R. Veh, O. Ninnemann, O. Peters, R. Nitsch, F. L. Heppner, D. Golenbock, E. Schott, H. L Ploegh, F. G. Wulczyn, S. Lehnardt, An unconventional role for miRNA: let 7 activates Toll like receptor 7 and causes neurodegeneration.  (2012) [PubMed]
Commitment To Equity For Children: Redistributive Effects And Efficiency Of Social Assistance To Households With Children In Belarus
Year: 2020

Children are explicitly targeted by social policy in Belarus, as child related benefits constitute a major part of the public direct transfers. Despite this, households with children are among the social groups most vulnerable to the risk of absolute poverty and multidimensional poverty in Belarus. This paper seeks to inform the understanding of the distributional impact of taxes and public spending on children in Belarus. The analysis reveals that current child benefits system is geared towards supporting the families with children aged 0 2, which leads to crucial gaps and shortfalls in coverage of the most vulnerable groups: households with three or more children, single parent households, and children aged 6 9. Besides, households with children often bear a heavier than average tax burden as compared to the general public. Therefore, the design of the social assistance to the households with children needs improvement, in particular, by means of development of targeted social assistance and introduction of vulnerable group specific benefits for, inter alia, households with three or more children, and single parent households.
Towards a Uniform Template based Architecture for Accelerating 2D and 3D CNNs on FPGA
Venue: FPGA
Year: 2018

Three dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) are used efficiently in many computer vision applications. Most previous work in this area has concentrated only on designing and optimizing accelerators for 2D CNN, with few attempts made to accelerate 3D CNN on FPGA. We find accelerating 3D CNNs on FPGA to be challenge due to their high computational complexity and storage demands. More importantly, although the computation patterns of 2D and 3D CNNs are analogous, the conventional approaches adopted for accelerating 2D CNNs may be unfit for 3D CNN acceleration. In this paper, in order to accelerate 2D and 3D CNNs using a uniform framework, we propose a uniform template based architecture that uses templates based on the Winograd algorithm to ensure fast development of 2D and 3D CNN accelerators. Furthermore, we also develop a uniform analytical model to facilitate efficient design space explorations of 2D and 3D CNN accelerators based on our architecture. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the template based architecture by implementing accelerators for real life 2D and 3D CNNs (VGG16 and C3D) on multiple FPGA platforms. On S2C VUS440, we achieve up to 1.13 TOPS and 1.11 TOPS under low resource utilization for VGG16 and C3D, respectively. End to end comparisons with CPU and GPU solutions demonstrate that our implementation of C3D achieves gains of up to 13x and 60x in performance and energy relative to a CPU solution, and a 6.4x energy efficiency gain over a GPU solution.
Pasos en la elaboracion del poema de Alonso Quesada "Coloquio en las sombras" y algunas noticias sobre Manuel Macias Casanova
Year: 2008

This paper presents the possible stages followed by Alonso Quesada in the composition of the poem "Coloquio en las sombras" besides, some aspects about the personality of Manuel Macias Casanova are given. PHILOLOGICA CANARIENSIA 14 15 (2008 2009)  (2008 2009) pp. 99 138
Temperature dependence of current voltage and carrier lifetime characteristics in InGaN blue light emitting diode
Year: 2020

In this report, we have measured current voltage (I V) and carrier lifetime characteristics of an InGaN based commercial blue light emitting diode in a temperature range from 350 to 110 K. Two distinctly different current domains, namely, region I and region II have been identified in I V dependence. I V data for region I have been used for the evaluation of ideality factor which varies from 1.478 to 3.932 when the temperature changes from 350 to 110 K. We have also investigated how far the existing models account for our experimental results. From an analysis of the Arrhenius plot of I V T curves in terms of the model due to Hirsch and Barriere it is found that the domains are distinguished by current transport mechanisms governed by hole thermionic emission and hole tunneling which are discussed in detail. Next, estimating the data on voltage gradient obtained from the open circuit voltage decay method, as well as those of ideality factor from the I V measurement, the temperature dependence of carrier lifetime has been evaluated. A logarithmic plot of carrier lifetime as a function of inverse temperature shows a weak temperature dependence below 228 K and this region gives important information regarding the dominant energy level of traps assisting tunneling of current carriers in the device.
Exploring the Optimal Factor Structure of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire: Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Transdiagnostic Factors
Year: 2020

The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) assesses five components of mindfulness. Studies of the FFMQ among clinical samples, however, fail to replicate the proposed factor structure. Failure to adequately understand the dimensionality of common mindfulness measures within clinical samples, therefore, represents an important gap in the current literature. The increasing popularity of mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) warrants further investigation of differential associations between facets of mindfulness and different forms of psychopathology.  We examined (1) the underlying structure of the FFMQ and FFMQ SF and (2) associations between mindfulness facets and transdiagnostic factors of psychopathology (i.e. internalizing and substance use disorders) in two large clinical samples (N 2,779)  Though bass ackwards analyses determined that 6 factor models provided the best fit to the data, the 5 factor model was optimal in terms of fit and parsimony. Exploratory structural equation modeling revealed that all FFMQ facets were associated with the internalizing factor. Associations with substance use disorders were more complex.  Mindfulness covariance within the FFMQ and the FFMQ SF is best explained by a 5 factor model, with facets of mindfulness defined correspondingly to the original scale. While deficits in all FFMQ facets with the exception of observe are typical of internalizing psychopathology, a more nuanced association may be observed with substance use disorders. These results also bear implications for psychopathology intervention; while general mindfulness based interventions might be appropriate for internalizing disorders, more specialized focus for externalizing psychopathology might be beneficial.
The Functioning of Species Specific Olfactory Pheromones in the Biology of a Mosquito Eating Jumping Spider from East Africa
Venue: Journal of Insect Behavior
Year: 2012

Having unique, complex eyes and vision based on exceptional spatial acuity, salticid spiders are known for their vision based predatory and mating strategies. Yet Evarcha culicivora, the salticid we consider here, is known for predatory and mating strategies based strongly on the interplay of vision and olfaction. This unusual East African species feeds indirectly on vertebrate blood by choosing blood carrying female mosquitoes as preferred prey, which it can identify by sight and by smell. Moreover, E. culicivora's mating strategy is unusual because, unlike the prevailing general pattern among spiders, where males are more active in courtship and females are more active in mate choice, both roles are characteristic of both sexes of E. culicivora. There is also an unusual relationship between diet and mating in this species, with blood meals making both sexes more attractive as potential mates. However, findings from the present study demonstrate that, regardless of source spider diet and even when restricted to using chemoreception in the absence of seeing another spider, both sexes can discriminate between opposite sex conspecifics and opposite sex heterospecifics. Yet there is no evidence that diet (blood versus no blood) influences the attractiveness of opposite sex heterospecific individuals to E. culicivora. Evidence that the odor of opposite sex conspecifics is salient to E. culicivora comes from three different experimental designs (retention testing, choice testing and courtship initiation testing) The effective odor source can be either the presence of the spider or the presence of the spider's draglines alone.
Carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O) in mangroves with different vegetation assemblies in the central coastal plain of Veracruz Mexico.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2020

The aim of this study was to quantify carbon stocks and the emission of the greenhouse gases (N2O and CH4) in mangrove forests with different vegetation assemblies in coastal lagoons of Veracruz Mexico. The vegetation included: black mangrove BM, dominated by Avicennia germinans, white mangrove WM, dominated by Laguncularia. racemose, red mangrove RM, dominated by Rhizophora mangle and mixed mangrove MM, dominated by the three species. Soil C stocks ranged 187 671 Mg C ha 1 without significant (p 0.149) differences among the mangroves with different vegetation. Significantly (p 0.049) higher tree biomass C stock was observed in RM (127 Mg ha 1) than in MM (24.23 Mg ha 1) Methane emissions in RM (0.58 6.03 mg m 2 min 1) were significantly higher (p 0.05) than in MM. (0.0035 0.07 mg m 2 min 1) in WM 0.0026 0.029 mg m 2 min 1) and in BM (0.0054 0.0097 mg m 2 min 1),during rainy, windy and dry season.RM had the longest period of inundation, the highest soil carbon concentration, and the lowest salinity. CH4 emissions showed a significantly positive correlation with soils carbon concentration, water level and water pH and, negative correlation with water salinity and Cl 1 concentration in soil and water. Emissions of N2O (0.04 3.25 mg m 2 min 1) were not significantly different among the mangroves with different vegetation, but they showed seasonal variations, with higher emissions during windy and dry seasons. N2O emissions showed significantly positive correlations with soil nitrate concentration and soil temperature. Results of this research are useful for mangrove conservation and restoration strategies to maximize carbon storage and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
Biologia reproductiva y ecologia de la polinizacion de la palma milpesos oenocarpus bataua en los andes colombianos
Year: 2019

Entre agosto de 2005 y julio de 2006 estudiamos la fenologia, la biologia floral y elsistema reproductivo de una poblacion de Oenocarpus bataua (Palmae) en los Andescolombianos. Evaluamos el sistema de polinizacion y determinamos la abundancia,el comportamiento y la eficiencia de los polinizadores. La poblacion florecio a lolargo del ano con un pico entre diciembre y enero. Cada inflorescencia pasa poruna fase masculina, una intermedia no reproductiva y una fase femenina. La antesisocurre en la noche, con produccion de aromas y aumento en la temperatura de lasinflorescencias. Durante la fase masculina la temperatura de la inflorescencia fue 5.8oC, mayor que la temperatura ambiental y mayor que el aumento de la temperaturaen la fase femenina 4.2 oC. El aroma floral esta compuesto predominantemente pora gurjuneno, ciclozativeno y trans cariofileno. Las flores fueron visitadas por 81especies de artropodos, principalmente de Coleopteros. Las inflorescencias en fasemasculina son visitadas en busca de alimento (polen, tejidos vegetales, presa) ylugar para apareamiento. Las flores femeninas no ofrecen recompensas y atraen a lospolinizadores por mimetismo quimico. La similitud entre los compuestos quimicosdel aroma de las inflorescencias en fase masculina y femenina de O. bataua es alta(92% como ocurre en otras especies de palmas. O. bataua es monoica, xenogamica,autoincompatible y dicogamica con protandria marcada. No encontramos evidenciade transporte de polen a grandes distancias por el viento y al parecer la polinizaciones principalmente por Coleopteros. Las siguientes especies fueron los polinizadoresmas efectivos, Baridinae Gen 4, sp. 1, Phyllotrox sp. 35, Anchylorhynchus sp.2, Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus (Curculionidae) y Mystrops sp. 1 (Nitidulidae),los cuales son responsables del 97 del flujo de polen entre inflorescencias. Ladependencia mutua, el grado de interrelacion y la distribucion geografica similarentre O. bataua y sus polinizadores, sugiere un importante grado de especializacionno evidenciado con anterioridad para esta especie.
Corporate Governance and Capital Structure Interactions in New Technology Based Firms The Effects of Ownership Structure and Board of Directors on Firm s Leverage
Year: 2016

The paper aims to explore the effect of some corporate governance features on the capital structure of NTBFs in term of firm's leverage. It was hypothesized that different ownership and board of directors structures can negatively affect the debt financing choices of this type of firm. Based on a sample of 303 Italian firms' observations over the period 2004 2013, the results suggest that NTBFs with a concentrated ownership denote a reduction of firm's leverage. In addition, also manager shareholders prefer to reduce the level of firms' debt. Nevertheless, the board size seems to have no effects on the capital structure of NTBF's, as well as the presence of independent directors in the board does. The paper offers some contributions on literature and extends the understanding of corporate governance effects on capital structure in NTBFs.
Biogreenhouse: Optimisation de la fertilisation azotee en maraichage biologique sous serre avec des sous produits de la methanisation
Year: 2020

En Suisse, environ 300'000 m3 de digestat liquide sont produits annuellement dans les installations de methanisation thermophiles. Ces digestats liquides, contenant en moyenne 2,5 kg d'azote disponible par m3, 1,9 kg/m3 de P2O5, 4,5 kg/m3 de K2O et 1,0 kg/m3 de Mg, pourraient representer des engrais de recyclage interessants, en particulier pour le maraichage biologique, les engrais organiques du marche etant tres onereux. Alors que plusieurs references existent sur l'utilisation de ce produit en pleins champs, il existe encore tres peu de connaissances sur son utilisation en cultures couvertes. Le but de ce projet etait ainsi d'etudier les possibilites et limites de l'emploi de ces digestats liquides dans ce mode de production. La culture de tomates a ete principalement utilisee pour cela. Voici les principaux resultats de ces travaux En donnant la moitie de la fertilisation azotee en fumure de fond d'une culture de tomates produisant 18 kg de fruits par m2, environ 500 litres par are de digestat liquide sont necessaires a couvrir les besoins de la plante en cet element. Un tel apport couvre 95% des besoins de la culture en phosphore, 45% de ses besoins en potasse et 61% de ceux en magnesium.
CHO DECOMPOSITION OF ONE HALF INTEGER MONOPOLES SOLUTIONS
Year: 2013

We performed the Cho decomposition of the SU(2) Yang Mills Higgs gauge potentials of the finite energy (1) one half monopole solution and (2) the one and a half monopoles solution into Abelian and non Abelian components. We found that the semi infinite string singularity in the gauge potentials is a contribution from the Higgs field of the one half monopole in both of the solutions. The non Abelian components of the gauge potentials are able to remove the point singularity of the Abelian components of the 't Hooft Polyakov monopole but not the string singularity of the one half monopole which is topological in nature. Hence the total energy of a one monopole is infinite in the Maxwell electromagnetic theory but the total energy of a one half monopole is finite. By analyzing the magnetic fields and the gauge covariant derivatives of the Higgs field, we are able to conclude that both the one half integer monopoles solutions are indeed non BPS even in the limit of vanishing Higgs self coupling constant.
Telerehabilitation System in Nursing Post Stroke A Systematic Review
Year: 2020

Stroke is currently the main cause of disability worldwide. Telerehabilitation is a rehabilitation approach that can be used to repair the damage to motor, sensory and cognitive functions. This can also substantially reduce the travel time for the health workers and therefore increase the number of patients who are consulted in a day.  A search using specific keywords was done in both the journal articles and in the database. In total, 119 articles were from Scopus, 45 articles were from PubMed, 87 articles were from Science Direct, 52 articles were from EBSCO and 97 articles were from Proquest. There were 15 articles that matched the inclusion criteria. Most of the available literature only refers to short term results and most of the research is of low quality.  Evidence of the relative effectiveness was found in the types of videos, VR, cellphones and computer use. The location of the network support and technological progress are still obstacles that must be addressed immediately. Based on the current scientific evidence, only a few telerehabilitation methods can be recommended for wider use.  The telerehabilitation system can provide long term therapy, meet the patient needs and save the health resources needed to minimize the severity of the patients' condition. The application of telerehabilitation is used by the nurses to optimize their role in improving patient health and telerehabilitation will answer the problem of penetrating the distance dimension.
Inhibiting Notch 1 reduces the expression of Toll like receptor 9 in BABL/C lpr mouse kidneys and improves glucocorticoid sensitivity.
Venue: Molecular medicine reports
Year: 2015

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by the development of a pathogenic autoantibodies. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of mortality in patients with SLE. Glucocorticoids are used for the treatment of lupus, however, corticosteroids have no effect on the expression of Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) which may limit response to corticosteroids in certain patients with SLR. The expression of TLR9 can be used as a predictor of glucocorticoid response in patients with active SLE. The present study analyzed urine proteins and pathological kidney sections of BABL/C lpr mice and found that, following the inhibition of Notch1, glucocorticoid treatment improved the symptoms of lupus nephritis. Furthermore, glucocorticoid treatment reduced the expression of TLR9 in the BABL/C lpr mouse kidneys, according to immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. These results suggested that inhibition of the expression of Notch 1 enhanced corticosteroid sensitivity in BABL/C lpr mice.
Assessment of rhythmic entrainment at multiple timescales in dyslexia: Evidence for disruption to syllable timing
Venue: Hearing Research
Year: 2014

Developmental dyslexia is associated with rhythmic difficulties, including impaired perception of beat patterns in music and prosodic stress patterns in speech. Spoken prosodic rhythm is cued by slow <10 Hz) fluctuations in speech signal amplitude. Impaired neural oscillatory tracking of these slow amplitude modulation (AM) patterns is one plausible source of impaired rhythm tracking in dyslexia. Here, we characterise the temporal profile of the dyslexic rhythm deficit by examining rhythmic entrainment at multiple speech timescales. Adult dyslexic participants completed two experiments aimed at testing the perception and production of speech rhythm. In the perception task, participants tapped along to the beat of 4 metrically regular nursery rhyme sentences. In the production task, participants produced the same 4 sentences in time to a metronome beat. Rhythmic entrainment was assessed using both traditional rhythmic indices and a novel AM based measure, which utilised 3 dominant AM timescales in the speech signal each associated with a different phonological grain sized unit (0.9 2.5 Hz, prosodic stress; 2.5 12 Hz, syllables; 12 40 Hz, phonemes) The AM based measure revealed atypical rhythmic entrainment by dyslexic participants to syllable patterns in speech, in perception and production. In the perception task, both groups showed equally strong phase locking to Syllable AM patterns, but dyslexic responses were entrained to a significantly earlier oscillatory phase angle than controls. In the production task, dyslexic utterances showed shorter syllable intervals, and differences in Syllable:Phoneme AM cross frequency synchronisation. Our data support the view that rhythmic entrainment at slow ~5 Hz, Syllable) rates is atypical in dyslexia, suggesting that neural mechanisms for syllable perception and production may also be atypical. These syllable timing deficits could contribute to the atypical development of phonological representations for spoken words, the central cognitive characteristic of developmental dyslexia across languages. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled