nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Network Function Placement and Routing Model for Multicast Service Chaining Based on Merging Multiple Service Paths
Venue: 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)
Year: 2019

In this paper, we propose a virtual network function placement and routing model for multicast service chaining based on merging multiple service paths (MSC M) The multicast service chaining (MSC) provides a multicast path, which connects a source node and multiple destination nodes, and virtual network functions (VNFs) are placed on the path so that users on the destination nodes receive their desired services. The conventional MSC model configures multicast paths for services, each of which has the same source data and the same set of VNFs in a predefined order. In the MSC M model, if paths of different services carry the same data on the same link, these paths are allowed to be merged into one path at that link, which improves the utilization of network resources. The MSC M model determines the placement of VNFs and the route of paths so that the total cost associated with VNF placement and link usage is minimized. The MSC M model is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. In the ILP problem, data flows whose source data is the same and which already passed the same subset of VNFs belong to the same group. A part of paths of different services which carry data flows belonging to the same group are allowed to be merged into one path. Numerical results show that the MSC M model reduces the total cost by 28.7% at a maximum compared to the conventional MSC model.
Population pharmacokinetics of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib and its active N desmethyl metabolite: data from 10 phase I trials
Venue: British journal of clinical pharmacology
Year: 2018

The aims of the study were to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY 142886) a mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor in clinical development for various indications, and its N desmethyl metabolite in healthy volunteers, and evaluate clinically important covariates.  A pooled population PK analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed effects approach with plasma concentration data from 346 subjects who received single oral doses of selumetinib 20 75 mg across 10 phase I studies. Absolute bioavailability was determined using intravenous [14 C] selumetinib.  A two compartment linear model with sequential zero first order absorption and a lag time for the zero order process was described for selumetinib PK. N desmethyl metabolite disposition was described by a single compartment with linear elimination, without back transformation. The parent only and joint models generally described pooled data adequately. For the median subject, not taking interacting drugs, estimates for clearance (CL) and central volume of distribution (V2) for selumetinib in the final joint model were 12.7 l h 1 and 35.6 l, respectively. Food effects, comedication with itraconazole [a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor] fluconazole (a CYP2C19 inhibitor) and rifampicin (a CYP3A4 inducer) and formulation effects were incorporated into the base model a priori. Race and hepatic function were also influential in the PK model. Additional covariates affecting selumetinib disposition identified from covariate analysis were age on V2, bilirubin on CL, and weight on CL and V2.  Analysis confirmed previous clinical pharmacology study findings of drug drug interactions and food effects, with additional covariates that influence selumetinib and N desmethyl selumetinib PK identified. Dose modifications based on these additional covariates were not considered necessary.
Resine epoxy derivee de la vanilline et produits thermodurcissables obtenus a partir de celle ci
Year: 2016

L'invention concerne un compose de base de Schiff de vanilline de formule (I) (I) et un procede de preparation d'un compose de base de Schiff de vanilline. Les composes de base de Schiff de vanilline peuvent etre glycides pour former une resine epoxy d'origine biologique. L'invention concerne egalement un compose de vanilline glycide ayant une fonctionnalite epoxy. La resine epoxy d'origine biologique selon la presente invention et le compose de vanilline glycide peuvent etre utilises comme produits thermodurcissables dans des compositions de revetement.
"Why am I paraphrasing?" Undergraduate ESL writers' engagement with source based academic writing and reading
Year: 2013

One of the most common and vital areas of coverage in second language (L2) writing instruction is writing from sources, that is, the process of reading source text material and transferring content from that reading to writing. Research as well as everyday practice in the classroom has long shown that working with source texts is one of the most challenging of all academic literacy activities for L2 writers. This is particularly true in the domain of paraphrasing, an important and yet complicated device for the treatment of source text material. While the procedures involved in paraphrasing source text material may appear simple, the enactment of those procedures is a complex and often elusive experience for L2 writers. In this article we discuss a study of two mainland Chinese students' engagement with paraphrasing in an undergraduate academic writing course, with a particular focus on their understanding of the purposes and functions of paraphrasing and how such understanding influenced their paraphrasing practices. Our results reveal a multilayered relationship between the students and paraphrasing and contribute to the paraphrasing literature by drawing greater attention to paraphrasing from students' perspectives.
Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow and Mixing Behavior in an Industrial Single Snorkel Refining Furnace: Effect of Bubble Expansion and Snorkel Immersion Depth
Year: 2019

A coupled mathematical model is used to simulate the multiphase flow in an industrial Single Snorkel Refining Furnace (SSRF) Based on the present model, the evolution characteristics of bubble size, density, and velocity are analysed during the long distance rising process. The comparative studies indicate that the expansion of bubbles has an enormous impact on the circulation rate and free surface in the vacuum chamber. Furthermore, the effect of snorkel immersion depth (SID) on the circulation rate, mixing time, and fluid flow are investigated. The results indicate that the circulation rate decreases with the increase of SID, while the mixing time shows an uptrend with the increase of SID. Particularly, when the SID exceeds 0.4 m, the scope of dead zone around the snorkel dramatically increases, which further decreases the flow velocity of slag layer in the ladle.
Envisioning sustainability: Recent progress in the use of participatory backcasting approaches for sustainability research
Year: 2011

This paper describes recent progress in the utilization of participatory scenario based backcasting approaches to sustainability research that blend quantitative and qualitative analyses in order to explore alternative climate change futures, as undertaken in a range of academic, government, and private sector projects in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. These projects reveal that buy in to policy proposals may be enhanced by participation, but there is a risk of participants being overwhelmed by the complexity of the choices they are being asked to make. Furthermore, tools are grounded in a process, which must itself be the explicit focus of attention in designing successful backcasting projects and combining participatory backcasting techniques with more interactive processes that can enhance our ability to explore highly complex and uncertain, value laden issues. These approaches can be used to drive action and support decision making, but for a truly consultative and consensus oriented process to occur, it is important that a broad sample of the community be engaged in the discussion that are equipped with technical knowledge or understanding of the goals of the process in order to participate in an equitable and effective fashion.
MORE THAN ONE DECADE OF VIAGRA: WHAT LESSONS CAN BE LEARNED FROM INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION MARKET?
Year: 2014

The general objective of this study is to investigate the erectile dysfunction pharmaceutical market over the past two decades (1990 2010) through patent data analysis. The study of the erectile dysfunction market allows the analysis of the technological trajectory of Viagra(r) in its several phases, since the launching of a radical innovation, going through the accommodation of incremental innovations and eventually the release of generic versions of that product. This is a descriptive, documentary, longitudinal research that analyses five research hypotheses. The results show how the erectile dysfunction market has developed over the years and the lessons that can be extracted regarding Intellectual Property Rights for countries, companies and governments, including political and social considerations about how much should a patent protect innovation.
Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognition
Venue: ICML
Year: 2020

Deep neural networks can generate images that are astonishingly realistic, so much so that it is often hard for humans to distinguish them from actual photos. These achievements have been largely made possible by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) While deep fake images have been thoroughly investigated in the image domain a classical approach from the area of image forensics an analysis in the frequency domain has been missing so far. In this paper, we address this shortcoming and our results reveal that in frequency space, GAN generated images exhibit severe artifacts that can be easily identified. We perform a comprehensive analysis, showing that these artifacts are consistent across different neural network architectures, data sets, and resolutions. In a further investigation, we demonstrate that these artifacts are caused by upsampling operations found in all current GAN architectures, indicating a structural and fundamental problem in the way images are generated via GANs. Based on this analysis, we demonstrate how the frequency representation can be used to identify deep fake images in an automated way, surpassing state of the art methods.
Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions in Targeting Decision Making Impairments across Substance and Behavioral Addictions
Venue: Neuropsychology Review
Year: 2019

Decision making impairments reflect tendencies towards risky or unwise choices as manifested by presence of psychiatric symptoms or cognitive impairment (e.g. representation of value, inhibitory control response selection, learning) Such impairments are suggested by the hallmark symptoms of substance and behavioral addictions, which include escalation over time (of substance intake or a given behavior) lack of control, neglect of other domains of life, and cognitive distortions (such as 'chasing losses' in gambling disorder) Amongst the putative behavioral addictions, most epidemiological data exist for gambling disorder, which is now included in DSM 5 as a substance related and addictive disorder. However, other disorders share parallels and may also constitute behavioral addictions, such as compulsive stealing (kleptomania) compulsive shopping, and compulsive sexual behavior. The current paper presents a narrative review of evidence for cognitive decision making impairments in addictions, as well as pharmacological treatments of these disorders that may have relevance for improving decision making. We find that objective decision making deficits have been widely reported in patients with substance use disorders and gambling disorder, compared to controls. Decision making in the other behavioral addictions is under studied. Evidence based pharmacological treatments for some of these addictive disorders, for example, opioid antagonists and glutamatergic agents, modulate neural systems playing key roles in decision making. But clinical trials have seldom examined effects of such treatments on objective decision making measures. Future research directions are discussed, including the need to include standardized outcome measures of decision making (tasks and imaging) alongside traditional clinical measures, to better understand and enhance underlying treatment mechanisms.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Halide Perovskite Crystals in Optoelectronic Devices from Solar Cells to Other Applications
Year: 2020

Organic inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have attracted tremendous attention as a key material in various optoelectronic devices. Distinctive optoelectronic properties, such as a tunable energy band position, long carrier diffusion lengths, and high charge carrier mobility, have allowed rapid progress in various perovskite based optoelectronic devices (solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers) Interestingly, the developments of each field are based on different characteristics of perovskite materials which are suitable for their own applications. In this review, we provide the fundamental properties of perovskite materials and categorize the usages in various optoelectronic applications. In addition, the prerequisite factors for those applications are suggested to understand the recent progress of perovskite based optoelectronic devices and the challenges that need to be solved for commercialization.
Simultaneous determination of wettability and shrinkage in an organic residue amended loamy topsoil
Year: 2020

In agricultural land use, organic residues such as compost, digestate, and sewage sludge are discussed as costeffective soil conditioner that may improve the water holding capacity and crop available soil moisture. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of application of digestates with different compositions in maize, sugar beet and winter wheat, compost of shrub debris and sewage sludge on shrinkage behaviour and contact angle of till derived loamy topsoil of a Haplic Luvisol under agricultural use. Novelty is the simultaneous determination of contact angle and shrinkage of soils amended with digestates composed of different composition in maize, sugar beet and winter wheat, compost of shrub debris and sewage sludge. The results suggest that the application of organic residues impacts the air capacity, while the contact angles remained in the subcritical range between 0deg and 90deg. The relationship between CA values and moisture ratios, th, during proportional shrinkage was positive and linear (r2 of 0.98) and negative during residual and zero shrinkage (r2 of 0.93)
WOMEN ADVERTISING PRACTITIONERS IN MALAYSIA: VIEWS ON CAREER SATISFACTION
Year: 2010

Much has been said about gender differences in the professional field. In fact, patriarchal societies like Malaysia, is said to have a great deal of biasness favoring males still exist. It is pleasing to note that there is a profession, where gender discrimination hardly exists, and that is advertising. Moreover, advertising is an industry dominated by women in Malaysia. Somehow, women have no problem climbing up to the top. However, advertising is a fast paced industry which highly demands countless efforts, enthusiasm and sheer perseverance in order to succeed. The research investigates the level of career satisfaction among women advertising practitioners in Malaysia, and determines the specific factors that make them stay or leave the industry. In depth interviews via the focus group method were done with thirty respondents as to gather data which are more personalized, more in depth, spontaneous and comprehensive. The respondents were categorized into three groups, namely, veteran, junior and advertising major women students who have had once or twice internship experiences in any advertising agencies. Results indicated that on the average, there is a relatively an average level of job satisfaction among the respondent. Veteran women advertising practitioners showed a higher level of satisfaction whereas the junior respondents generally have low level of satisfaction. Consequently, the undergraduate advertising students had also shown a relatively low level of satisfaction towards their internship experiences. Suggestions from the respondents will be able to provide guidelines for advertising agencies to handle and maintain their women staffs' work enthusiasm and satisfaction for a better organizational commitment.
A Rare Venous Disorder Which is Seen in Pregnancy and Mimicking Inguinal Hernia; Round Ligament Varices
Year: 2016

Round ligament varices are seen in pregnancy and they are rarely encountered clinical conditions. They present with swelling and pain in the groin and can easily be misdiagnosed as strangulated inguinal hernia. While strangulated inguinal hernias require emergency surgical intervention, round ligament varices do not require surgery unless they are ruptured or thrombosed. Correct diagnosis by physical examination and ultrasonography can avoid an unnecessary surgical intervention during pregnancy and its related complications. In this report, a 28 year old pregnant case, who determined round ligament varices referring to the swelling and pain in her right groin was reported and was examined in the light of literature.  Cardiovascular, Pregnancy complications, Round ligament, Varicose veins Ozet Round ligament varisleri gebelikte gorulen ve nadir olarak karsilasilan klinik durumlardir. Kasik bolgesinde sislik ve agri ile kendilerini gosterirler. Kolaylikla strangule inguinal hernilerle karisabilirler. Strangule inguial herniler acil cerrahi mudahale gerektiriken round ligament varisleri, rupture veya tromboze olmadiklari surece cerrahi mudahale gerektirmezler. Fizik muayene ve ultrasonografi ile dogru tani konulmasi gebelik sirasinda yapilacak gereksiz cerrahi girisimi ve buna bagli olarak gelisebilecek komplikasyonlari onler. Bu calismada, sag kasiginda sislik ve agri sikayetiyle basvurarak round ligament varisi saptanan 28 yasinda gebe bir olgu sunulmus ve literatur esliginde incelenmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Halka ligaman, Gebelik Komplikasyonlari, Kardiyovaskuler, Varikoz venler
Coded Aperture Optimization in Spatial Spectral Compressive Spectral Imagers
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging
Year: 2020

The spatial spectral compressive spectral imager (SSCSI) is a recently proposed optical architecture, where the spatial spectral coding of a scene is jointly realized by a binary ON OFF mask and a dispersive element. The quality of the recovered hyperspectral scene in SSCSI depends on various parameters, such as the coded aperture location with respect to the sensor, the coded aperture and detector pitch sizes, and the diffraction introduced by the grating. Given these parameters, the sensing matrix of the imager is largely dependent on the coded aperture structure and characteristics. As such, its optimization is critical to maximizing the quality of the recovered scene. In this article, an algorithm that optimizes the coded aperture patterns for SSCSI is derived. The final structure of such patterns turns out to be directly linked to the coded aperture position measured from the sensor. It is also shown that the optimal coded apertures in SSCSI adhere to green blue noise spectral characteristics, where the degree of green spectral components depends on the location of the coded aperture with respect to the sensor. Simulations under different conditions are presented to demonstrate the underlying concepts.
Prenatal detection and characterization of a psu idic(8)(p23.3) which likely derived from nonallelic homologous recombination between two MYOM2 repeats.
Venue: Journal of the Formosan Medical Association Taiwan yi zhi
Year: 2015

Mosaicism with an isodicentric 8 with a breakpoint at p23.3 [idic(8)(p23.3) is very rare. We report the first prenatal case on a male fetus, in which obstetric ultrasound revealed multiple congenital anomalies at 28 weeks of gestation. Cytogenetic analysis of amniocytes showed mos 45,XY, 8,psu idic(8)(p23.3)[16]/46,XY,psu idic(8)(p23.3)[4] and that of cord blood lymphocytes revealed mos 46,XY, psu idic(8)(p23.3)[37]/45,XY, 8,psu idic(8)(p23.3)[13] Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies revealed that the break reunion occurred at the cytoband 8p23.3 within the physical position 2.08 Mb from the 8p telomere. Chromosomal microarray analyses further assigned the duplication/deletion breakpoint at 2.16 Mb (Agilent 244K) and at 2.19 Mb (Affymetrix SNP6.0) Analysis of microsatellite DNA indicated that the psu idic(8)(p23.3) was derived from the maternal chromosome 8. Together, these findings indicate that the fetus was nullisomic for ~2.2 Mb from 8pter, trisomic for the rest of chromosome 8 in mosaic condition, and likely had breaks in MYOM2 repeats of the maternal chromosome 8.
Effects of elicitation on the production of saponin in cell culture of Panax ginseng
Venue: Plant Cell Reports
Year: 2019

This study was initiated to investigate the impacts of elicitor concentration and elicitor adding time on the saponin synthesis and the cell growth of Panax ginseng cell suspensions. Both of the elicitors tested, yeast extract and methyl jasmonate, significantly improved saponin production. The highest additive level of the seven ginsenosides tested was 2.07% (dry weight basis) which was 28 fold higher than that in the control. The optimum time to add either elicitor was found to be on the day of inoculation. The addition of either elicitor did not show as significant an influence on cell growth as on saponin production. It was advisable to remove 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) from the medium when methyl jasmonate was used as the elicitor as methyl jasmonate interacts antagonistically with 2,4 D. These results suggest that the addition of an elicitor to ginseng cell suspension cultures could stimulate saponin production.
A Mathematical Investigation of Vaccination Strategies to Prevent a Measles Epidemic
Year: 2016

The purpose of this project is to quantitatively investigate vaccination strategies to prevent measles epidemics. A disease model which incorporates susceptible, vaccinated, infected, and recovered populations (SVIR) is used to investigate the process of how an epidemic of measles can spread within a closed population where a portion of the population has been vaccinated. The model is used to predict the number of infections and resulting reproductive number for the measles based on a variety of initial vaccination levels. The model is further used to investigate the concept of herd immunity, which states that if a certain percentage of the population is vaccinated then it will provide protection for the entire population. Results generated from these modeling efforts suggest that approximately 95\ of the population should be vaccinated against the measles in order to establish a herd immunity.