nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Intumescent coating modeling
Year: 2011

A thermal response mathematical model for an intumescent coating system is developed. The model predicts indepth temperature profiles of the solid as a function of the fundamental kinetic, mass, and heat transfer properties of the original coating system. In the model, swelling is based on an empirical function of the paint's weight loss. The model is used to describe the effectiveness of the coating for thermal protection. Using the thermal response time at the backface of the material as a criterion, a sensitivity analysis is made with respect to variation in individual properties, such as total expansion, to provide a guide for designing improved intumescing agents. The sensitivity analysis shows that total expansion and rate of expansion, along with other material properties, are important parameters for providing thermal protection. Finally, backface temperature histories are predicted and compared to experimental data obtained from a representative fire environment. Predicted temperatures agree within a maximum error of plus or minus 20%
SCIENCE AND THE ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY
Year: 2010

The current and still evolving role of the American research university has been shaped by four key developments in the past sixty five years: the historic decision to establish a comprehensive postwar federal science policy, described in Vannevar Bush's 1945 report, Science, The Endless Frontier; the Bayh Dole Act of 1980; economic analyses from the 1950s onward that have validated the central role of knowledge in economic growth and influenced government and university policy on industry university research; and various experiments with such research that have led to an increasing integration of research universities and industrial partners in the pursuit of innovation. Can American research universities continue to meet intensifying demands for innovation that advances regional, state, and national economic growth? This paper answers the question with a conditional yes. It describes the trend toward closer relations between universities and industry and how this trend is encouraging new ways of conducting scientific research and new forms of organization within the research university. It concludes with several recommendations for preserving the competitive advantage research universities contribute to American economic leadership: correcting our underinvestment in research in certain disciplines, such as the physical and social sciences; ensuring that federal support for research is sufficient to train graduate students in the numbers needed for national economic competitiveness and to encourage young faculty to pursue research projects with potential for innovative breakthroughs; and to make it easier for foreign born students to remain in this country once they have earned advanced degrees in American universities.
Taming the torrent: a practical approach to reducing cross isp traffic in peer to peer systems
Venue: SIGCOMM '08
Year: 2008

Peer to peer (P2P) systems, which provide a variety of popular services, such as file sharing, video streaming and voice over IP, contribute a significant portion of today's Internet traffic. By building overlay networks that are oblivious to the underlying Internet topology and routing, these systems have become one of the greatest traffic engineering challenges for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and the source of costly data traffic flows. In an attempt to reduce these operational costs, ISPs have tried to shape, block or otherwise limit P2P traffic, much to the chagrin of their subscribers, who consistently finds ways to eschew these controls or simply switch providers. In this paper, we present the design, deployment and evaluation of an approach to reducing this costly cross ISP traffic without sacrificing system performance. Our approach recycles network views gathered at low cost from content distribution networks to drive biased neighbor selection without any path monitoring or probing. Using results collected from a deployment in BitTorrent with over 120,000 users in nearly 3,000 networks, we show that our lightweight approach significantly reduces cross ISP traffic and, over 33% of the time, it selects peers along paths that are within a single autonomous system (AS) Further, we find that our system locates peers along paths that have two orders of magnitude lower latency and 30% lower loss rates than those picked at random, and that these high quality paths can lead to significant improvements in transfer rates. In challenged settings where peers are overloaded in terms of available bandwidth, our approach provides 31% average download rate improvement; in environments with large available bandwidth, it increases download rates by 207% on average (and improves median rates by 883%
EMOTION AND E LEARNING
Venue: Online Learning
Year: 2019

Traditionally, emotion and cognition have been viewed as polar opposites and this view has been incorporated into theories of learning. One reason for this may be a lack of clarity in defining emotion. In fact there are other perspectives on how emotion and cognition, emotion and learning, are related. These considerations emerge with renewed vigor with the move to online education. Theauthor interviewed eleven students studying online. These students identified emotions which were critical to their online learning. Evidence from the literature and from the interviews positions emotion as central and essential to the teaching/ learning process.
Artesunate prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice mainly by inducing protective IL 4 producing T cells and regulatory T cells
Venue: FASEB journal official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Year: 2019

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the immune mediated destruction of insulin producing b cells. Recent studies showed that in addition to malaria, artemisinin and its derivative, artesunate (AS) could alleviate several autoimmune diseases. However, whether AS has a role in the prevention or treatment of T1D is still unknown. Therefore, in this study we administrated AS or DMSO in the drinking water of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a mouse model of T1D. We found that AS administration significantly prevented the incidence of T1D. The frequency of IL 4 producing CD4+ single positive T cells and CD8+ T cells was significantly elevated, and IFN g producing T cells were reduced in the spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes. In the pancreas, the skewing to IL 4 producing T cells was also observed. In addition, more regulatory T cells were found in the pancreas. mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF a and IL 6, were decreased. In addition, AS administration promoted the functional maturity of b cells in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that AS administration can prevent T1D in NOD mice mainly by reducing autoimmune T cells and increasing protective T cells. Our data constitute the first functional study of AS in T1D, which may provide a new rationale for future translational studies. Li, Z. Shi, X. Liu, J. Shao, F. Huang, G. Zhou, Z. Zheng, P. Artesunate prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice mainly by inducing protective IL 4 producing T cells and regulatory T cells.
1 Bit Compressive Sensing for Efficient Federated Learning Over the Air
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

For distributed learning among collaborative users, this paper develops and analyzes a communicationefficient scheme for federated learning (FL) over the air, which incorporates 1 bit compressive sensing (CS) into analog aggregation transmissions. To facilitate design parameter optimization, we theoretically analyze the efficacy of the proposed scheme by deriving a closed form expression for the expected convergence rate of the FL over the air. Our theoretical results reveal the tradeoff between convergence performance and communication efficiency as a result of the aggregation errors caused by sparsification, dimension reduction, quantization, signal reconstruction and noise. Then, we formulate 1 bit CS based FL over the air as a joint optimization problem to mitigate the impact of these aggregation errors through joint optimal design of worker scheduling and power scaling policy. An enumeration based method is proposed to solve this non convex problem, which is optimal but becomes computationally infeasible as the number of devices increases. For scalable computing, we resort to the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) technique to develop an efficient implementation that is suitable for large scale networks. Simulation results show that our proposed 1 bit CS based FL over the air achieves comparable performance to the ideal case where conventional FL without compression and quantification is applied over error free aggregation, at much reduced communication overhead and transmission latency. Index Terms ar X iv :2 10 3. 16 05 5v 1 cs .L G 3 0 M ar 2 02 1
A Framework for Protecting Privacy on Mobile Social Networks
Venue: Mob. Networks Appl.
Year: 2021

In recent years, mobile social networks have largely been developed and gained considerable popularity. An approach to protecting privacy on mobile social networks is the use of encryption and access control. Good alternatives for use on mobile social networks are the Public Broadcast Encryption approach for appropriate concordance and consistency with the structure of social networks as well as the Attribute Based Encryption owing to its capability and proper implementation of the access control policy. Accordingly, in this paper, a framework was presented based on the Public Broadcast Encryption and Attribute Based Encryption. Using proxies, we outsourced some of these operations in the proposed framework to reduce the computational load of the end device, accelerate the encryption and decryption operations, and decrease the amount of storage memory for keeping the encryption and decryption parameters required by the users in the end device. Cloud was also employed to store the shared data and user preferences in the social network. The results of investigating the privacy parameters reveal that our framework is superior to the four compared methods. Additionally, the results indicate that in terms of three important parameters in mobile social networks, namely communication, computation, and storage complexity, our method has less complexity and overhead than they have.
Changes in Primary Producer and Consumer Communities in Response to Upstream Nutrient Addition in the Kootenai River, Idaho
Venue: Northwest Science
Year: 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess potential effects of nutrient addition in the previously unassessed lower Kootenai River (Meander Reach) 44 155 km downstream from the nutrient dosing site. We hypothesized that downstream periphyton and plankton densities would increase due to nutrient spiraling and organismal drift following seasonal upstream nutrient addition. Liquid inorganic ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer (10:34:0, N:P:K) was added to the Kootenai River in Idaho immediately downstream from the Idaho Montana border with an in river target concentration of 3.0 ug L 1 total dissolved phosphorus for 16 weeks (01 June 01 October) from 2006 through 2012. As predicted, mean periphyton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton densities increased significantly (P 0.05) post nutrient addition. Periphyton density increased 5.1 times (pre: 685.1 mm 2, post: 3501.0 mm 2) phytoplankton densities increased 1.7 times (pre: 1775.9 L 1, post: 3005.4 L 1) and zooplankton densities increased by 49% (pre: 67.0 L 1, post: 99.7 L 1) While nutrient uptake, water chemistry, algal and chlorophyll accrual, periphyton, macroinvertebrate, and native fish community responses to nutrient addition have been previously published, including results from upstream reaches of the Kootenai River, this study provides the first published account of lower trophic level responses at considerable distances downstream from the dosing site in altered, low velocity habitats which are very different from the upstream gravel bed reaches reported in other studies. Results of this study add to the growing body of empirical knowledge regarding the use of nutrient addition for restoring large culturally denutrified rivers in the Pacific Northwest and provide valuable new insights regarding the longitudinal patterns of response magnitude.
AN ACT OF BANDITRY AGAINST THE JASUNJA MONASTERY IN 1782
Year: 2020

The Ottoman archival material kept in the practically inaccessible Archive of the Jerusalem Patriarchate includes a very important document which testifies to an act of banditry against the "Jasunja monastery" in 1782. The outcome was one lethally wounded monk. The most reasonable explanation for the document ending up in the Archive of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem is that it was found among the effects of monk Gavril who had obviously set out on a pilgrimage, but then died in Jerusalem. The analysis of the document is instructive of the legal procedure followed by the Ottoman authorities and their conduct towards the monasteries in the case of robberies. The document also substantiates the view that the Ottoman Empire's impoverished European provinces saw an increasing crime rate in the second half of the 18 th century.
The dynamic and thermodynamic processes dominating the reduction of global land monsoon precipitation driven by anthropogenic aerosols emission
Venue: Science China Earth Sciences
Year: 2020

Changes in monsoon precipitation have profound social and economic impacts as more than two thirds of the world's population lives in monsoon regions. Observations show a significant reduction in global land monsoon precipitation during the second half of the 20th century. Understanding the cause of this change, especially possible anthropogenic origins, is important. Here, we compare observed changes in global land monsoon precipitation during 1948 2005 with those simulated by 5 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Inter comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) under different external forcings. We show that the observed drying trend is consistent with the model simulated response to anthropogenic forcing and to anthropogenic aerosol forcing in particular. We apply the optimal fingerprinting method to quantify anthropogenic influences on precipitation and find that anthropogenic aerosols may have contributed to 102% (62 144% for the 5 95% confidence interval) of the observed decrease in global land monsoon precipitation. A moisture budget analysis indicates that the reduction in precipitation results from reduced vertical moisture advection in response to aerosol forcing. Since much of the monsoon regions, such as India and China, have been experiencing rapid developments with increasing aerosol emissions in the past decedes, our results imply a further reduction in monsoon precipitation in these regions in the future if effective mitigations to reduce aerosol emissions are not deployed. The observed decline of aerosol emission in China since 2006 helps to alleviate the reducing trend of monsoon precipiptaion.
SR LSTM: State Refinement for LSTM Towards Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction
Venue: 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Year: 2019

In crowd scenarios, reliable trajectory prediction of pedestrians requires insightful understanding of their social behaviors. These behaviors have been well investigated by plenty of studies, while it is hard to be fully expressed by hand craft rules. Recent studies based on LSTM networks have shown great ability to learn social behaviors. However, many of these methods rely on previous neighboring hidden states but ignore the important current intention of the neighbors. In order to address this issue, we propose a data driven state refinement module for LSTM network (SR LSTM) which activates the utilization of the current intention of neighbors, and jointly and iteratively refines the current states of all participants in the crowd through a message passing mechanism. To effectively extract the social effect of neighbors, we further introduce a social aware information selection mechanism consisting of an element wise motion gate and a pedestrian wise attention to select useful message from neighboring pedestrians. Experimental results on two public datasets, i.e. ETH and UCY, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed SR LSTM and we achieve state of the art results.
Towards the Development of an Agile Marketing Capability
Year: 2019

This study aims to explore the key theoretical foundations for the development of an Agile Marketing Capability (AMC) framework, through the performance of an in depth literature review on IT and dynamic marketing capabilities. Our framework enables us to (1) advance the understanding of how IT and dynamic marketing capabilities evolve into agile marketing capabilities (2) unpack the distinctive and ongoing processes and features through which the Agile Marketing capabilities are accomplished (3) define the key propositions for a new marketing capability: the Agile Marketing Capability. This work may represent a useful framework for managers and decision makers to better understand the competitive advantages which could derive from the employment of agile marketing capabilities in order to improve their skills in challenging the continuous changes in market and customers' needs.
A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses and trade credit in a supply chain system
Year: 2013

Chung and Huang (2007) designed recently a two warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items when the supplier offers the retailer a delay period and in turn the retailer provides a delay period to their customers. They assumed that the stocks of RW are transported to OW via a continuous release pattern and the transportation costs are ignored. The holding cost in RW is exceeding that in OW. The deterioration rate of RW is assumed to be identical to that in OW. For practical purpose, it is observed that due to demand, the retailer needs to rent warehouse to store items sometimes. If the retailer's facility about deterioration is not newer than that of the rented warehouse, then a>=b. Otherwise, a Chung and Huang (2007) by considering b>a which means that the rate of deterioration in RW exceeds that of OW. First, expressions are obtained for the total variable cost of the inventory system. Second, this study demonstrates that a unique optimal solution exists. Third, two lemmas and one theorem are designed for determining the optimal cycle time. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the procedure for solving the model and sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the parameters of the system is conducted.
The Underlying Chemical Nature of Life
Year: 2016

All known life depends on molecular interactions of a small number of different polymers. The two main groups are polynucleotides, such as DNA and various types of RNA, and polypeptides that comprise most of the catalysts controlling the rates of various biochemical reactions essential to maintaining life. DNA is the site of storage of the genetic information, coded as sequences of a small number of nucleotide monomers attached to one another in particular orders. DNA is transcribed in cells to messenger RNA which then serves as a template for manufacture of proteins, mediated by a small RNA molecule known as transfer RNA. The proteins can then modulate a large variety of metabolic reactions to release energy and to direct the synthesis of important cell components. These complicated interactions highlight the complexity of even the simplest forms of extant life. Presumably the emergence of life from a non living prebiotic "soup" of potential biomolecules must have had some kind of simpler, but no longer present form. Phylogenetic trees showing the relatedness of various organisms can be constructed using sequences of nucleotides found in certain vital RNA molecules common to all living forms. Such trees clearly demonstrate the close relationship of macroscopic multicellular organisms like plants and animals, especially compared to the much more distant relationships not only between them and simpler forms such as bacteria, but even between different groups of bacteria. It is clear that the common ancestor of all living forms was at least superficially similar to some kind of bacterium, but also that the first "living entity" most likely was even simpler in makeup. The transition from a prebiotic soup to life is a critical, but mostly hidden step in the history of life.
Pradiktoren des Kompetenzzuwachses im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache bei Lehramtsstudierenden
Year: 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag werden Pradiktoren des Kompetenzerwerbs im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) bei angehenden Lehrkraften, die ein DaZ Modul im Rahmen ihrer universitaren Ausbildung in Berlin besucht haben, untersucht. Basierend auf der Annahme, dass die Nutzung von Lerngelegenheiten ein wichtiger Pradiktor fur den Kompetenzerwerb ist, wurde erwartet, dass Lehramtsstudierende bestimmter Facher Vorteile beim Erwerb von DaZ Kompetenzen haben. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, welche Rolle die Bewertung der besuchten DaZ Lehrveranstaltungen/ module und die Lernmotivation sowie ausseruniversitare Lerngelegenheiten und das Interesse am Thema DaZ fur den Kompetenzzuwachs spielen.Es wurde ein Pra Post Design mit zwei Messzeitpunkten gewahlt. Insgesamt nahmen 180 Lehramtsstudierende an der Untersuchung teil. Es konnten signifikante Lerngewinne der Bachelor und Masterstudierenden bei Besuch der Berliner DaZ Module nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem erwartungsgemass einen Vorwissensvorsprung fur Studierende der Facher Deutsch und Studierende einer Fremdsprache. Ein geringfugig starkerer Kompetenzzuwachs konnte jedoch nur fur Studierenden einer Fremdsprache im Vergleich zu Studierenden anderer Facher gezeigt werden. Fur die in die Analysen einbezogenen Indikatoren der Nutzung der universitaren Lerngelegenheiten (Bewertung der Qualitat der Veranstaltungen/des Moduls und Lernmotivation) konnten keine signifikanten Effekte auf den DaZ Kompetenzzuwachs gezeigt werden. Auch die ausseruniversitaren Lerngelegenheiten und das Interesse am Thema zeigten sich entgegen den Erwartungen nicht pradiktiv fur den Lernzuwachs der Studierenden.AbstractPre service teachers of all subject areas need learning opportunities in the field of German as a Second Language (GSL) in order to sufficiently facilitate second language learning. This article examines predictors of GSL competence development for pre service teachers attending a GSL university course. With opportunities to learn affecting the outcomes of primary teacher education, we expected students of certain subjects to have advantages in the field of GSL. Additionally, we examined the effects of students' rating of GSL course quality, learning motivation, non academic opportunities to learn and general interest in GSL on pre service teachers' competence development in the field of GSL.A sample of 180 pre service teachers from Berlin teacher preparation programs with two time points was used. Results show significant learning gains for students who had attended the GSL courses. Furthermore, results showed that students who study German or a foreign language have more previous knowledge on GSL. A slight advantage in learning gains only was found for students who study a foreign language. Neither students' ratings of GSL course quality or their learning motivation, nor non academic opportunities to learn or general interest in GSL had significant effects on pre service teachers' competence development in the field of GSL.