nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Formal and physical equivalence in two cases in contemporary quantum physics
Year: 2017

The application of analytic continuation in quantum field theory (QFT) is juxtaposed to T duality and mirror symmetry in string theory. Analytic continuation a mathematical transformation that takes the time variable t to negative imaginary time it was initially used as a mathematical technique for solving perturbative Feynman diagrams, and was subsequently the basis for the Euclidean approaches within mainstream QFT (e.g. Wilsonian renormalization group methods, lattice gauge theories) and the Euclidean field theory program for rigorously constructing non perturbative models of interacting QFTs. A crucial difference between theories related by duality transformations and those related by analytic continuation is that the former are judged to be physically equivalent while the latter are regarded as physically inequivalent. There are other similarities between the two cases that make comparing and contrasting them a useful exercise for clarifying the type of argument that is needed to support the conclusion that dual theories are physically equivalent. In particular, T duality and analytic continuation in QFT share the criterion for predictive equivalence that two theories agree on the complete set of expectation values and the mass spectra and the criterion for formal equivalence that there is a "translation manual" between the physically significant algebras of observables and sets of states in the two theories. The analytic continuation case study illustrates how predictive and formal equivalence are compatible with physical inequivalence, but not in the manner of standard underdetermination cases. Arguments for the physical equivalence of dual theories must cite considerations beyond predictive and formal equivalence. The analytic continuation case study is an instance of the strategy of developing a physical theory by extending the formal or mathematical equivalence with another physical theory as far as possible. That this strategy has resulted in developments in pure mathematics as well as theoretical physics is another feature that this case study has in common with dualities in string theory.
Assessing vulnerability to risk of suicide and self harm in prisoners: a Rasch analysis of the suicide concerns for offenders in the prison environment (SCOPE 2)
Venue: BMC Psychiatry
Year: 2020

With increasing levels of suicide and self harm behaviour in the criminal justice system professionals would benefit from a tool that can identify individuals who may be at risk of self harm and/or suicidal behaviour.  The Suicide Concerns for Offenders in the Prison Environment (SCOPE) tool was originally devised and validated in six UK prisons between 2003 and 2004. The goal of this study is to re evaluate the SCOPE using Rasch methodology to produce a psychometrically robust instrument. Data were presented from 1051 SCOPE assessments of male and female offenders.  The analysis produced a revised SCOPE 2 tool reducing the tool from a 27 to a 19 items and simplifying the categorical six point scale to a four item scale.  Further validation of the new SCOPE 2 tool is required in samples of male and female prisoners to assess different cut off points for clinical and policy use.
The effect of irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability in different root canal sealers.
Venue: Brazilian oral research
Year: 2010

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three root canal irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability of three root canal obturation materials: gutta percha/AH plus or MM seal and Resilon/Epiphany SE. A total of 100 teeth with single straight root canals were randomly divided into three equal groups of 30 samples each, with the other 10 teeth (5 positive and 5 negative) used as controls. Each irrigation group was divided into three groups according to the use of three different root canal obturation materials (n 10) Gutta percha with AH plus or MM seal, Resilon with Epiphany SE. The crowns were removed at the cementoenamel junction with a diamond disc under water coolant. The root canals were prepared using step back technique and irrigation with either sodium hypochlorite (2.5% chlorhexidine (2% or MTAD solutions. The roots were obturated with lateral condensation technique using one of the obturation materials. The root surfaces was coated with two layer nail varnish (except apex) placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution, and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Irrigation solutions affected the apical sealing ability of all the sealers. The chlorhexidine irrigation solution exhibited higher apical leakage values than did MTAD and NaOCl in all canal sealers, although the MTAD irrigation solution groups showed the least leakage values. The apical sealing ability of AH plus, Epiphany SE and MM seal root canal sealers decreased when the chlorhexidine was used as an irrigation solution.
Association between seasonal flu vaccination and COVID 19 among healthcare workers
Venue: Occupational medicine
Year: 2020

In next fall and winter, SARS CoV 2 could circulate in parallel with seasonal influenza. The dual epidemics will result in considerable morbidity and mortality; therefore, influenza vaccination may be essential. Recent studies found increased risk of coronavirus in individuals receiving influenza vaccination.  Our aim is to analyse the association between influenza vaccination and COVID 19 in a population of healthcare workers (HCWs) Methods IgG antibodies against SARS CoV 2 were detected in 3520 HCWs at a large hospital in Northern Italy. For each participant, we collected data on flu immunization status for the last five flu seasons. Logistic regression was used to test associations between seasonal flu vaccination status and a positive serology tests for COVID 19.  During the last five flu seasons, 2492 vaccinations were administered. Serology tests were negative for 3196 (91% HCWs and residents and only 21 (1% people had an equivocal test (12.0 15.0 AU/mL) Only 128 (4% people received a diagnosis of COVID 19, with a positive swab test. No flu vaccinations for the last five flu seasons were specifically associated with diagnosis of COVID 19 or with positive results of serology tests.  Flu vaccinations did not appear to be associated with SARS CoV 2 infection. Influenza vaccination should continue to be recommended for HCWs and for individuals at increased risk for severe illness from respiratory infection.
Corrosion resistance and bioactivity enhancement of MAO coated Mg alloy depending on the time of hydrothermal treatment in Ca EDTA solution
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2017

In this study, a two step surface treatment was developed to restrain the rapid primary degradation of a biodegradable Mg alloy and to improve their biocompatibility. Micro arc oxidation (MAO) coating was performed in alkaline electrolytes such as 1.0 M NaOH with 0.1 M glycerol and 0.1 M Na3PO4. Hydrothermal treatment was performed in 0.1 M Ca EDTA (C10H12CaN2Na2O8) and 0.5 M NaOH solution at 90 degC for different times (6, 12, 24, and 48 h) The film morphology and chemical properties were evaluated by XRD and FE SEM. The electrochemical and corrosion behaviors were examined in the simulated body fluid, and cytotoxicity was assessed using MC3T3 E1 cells. After MAO coating, an oxide layer containing \bf{P}\bf{O}}_{4}{3 $PO43 formed on the surface. During the hydrothermal treatment in Ca EDTA solution, calcium phosphate and Mg(OH)2 were produced via a reaction between \bf{P}\bf{O}}_{4}{3 $PO43 on the surface and Ca2+ in solution. The layer with ceramics and oxides was grown on the surface with increasing hydrothermal treatment time, and improved the surface corrosion resistance. The 24 h hydrothermal treated group showed the lowest immersion corrosion rate and high cell viability. Therefore, this treatment was the most favorable surface modification for improving the initial corrosion resistance and bioactivity of the biodegradable Mg alloy.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. I. Classification, burden and principles of management.
Venue: Journal of affective disorders
Year: 2009

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most burdensome illnesses in Canada. The purpose of this introductory section of the 2009 revised CANMAT guidelines is to provide definitions of the depressive disorders (with an emphasis on MDD) summarize Canadian data concerning their epidemiology and describe overarching principles of managing these conditions. This section on "Classification, Burden and Principles of Management" is one of 5 guideline articles in the 2009 CANMAT guidelines.  The CANMAT guidelines are based on a question answer format to enhance accessibility to clinicians. An evidence based format was used with updated systematic reviews of the literature and recommendations were graded according to the Level of Evidence using pre defined criteria. Lines of Treatment were identified based on criteria that included evidence and expert clinical support.  Epidemiologic data indicate that MDD afflicts 11% of Canadians at some time in their lives, and approximately 4% during any given year. MDD has a detrimental impact on overall health, role functioning and quality of life. Detection of MDD, accurate diagnosis and provision of evidence based treatment are challenging tasks for both clinicians and for the health systems in which they work.  Epidemiologic and clinical data cannot be seamlessly linked due to heterogeneity of syndromes within the population.  In the eight years since the last CANMAT Guidelines for Treatment of Depressive Disorders were published, progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology and treatment of these disorders. Evidence supporting specific therapeutic interventions is summarized and evaluated in subsequent sections.
Staging a social drama: Ritualized framing of the spring festival homecoming in Chinese state media
Year: 2018

The transformation of Chinese media from the propaganda organ of the Party state to its central means of hegemony has given rise to typified news practices that vary in formality but cohere in functionality. Integrating theories of media ritual and framing, this study explores how Chinese state media ritualistically manufacture a public consensus on the interpretation of the annual Spring Festival homecoming, a chronic social problem that exposes socioeconomic inequalities and policy deficiencies. An analysis of the 2014 homecoming coverage on China Central Television (CCTV) reveals that state media create and popularize a state sponsored social drama, reducing a complex, multifaceted social problem to a one dimensional transportation crisis. This media ritual, in accordance with both the state's mandate to maintain social stability and the media's logic of commercial success, contains alternative interpretations and obscures the important social concerns encapsulated in this issue.
A Network Analysis of Skill Game Dynamics
Year: 2018

Casino games can be classified in two main categories, i.e. skill games and gambling. Notably, the former refers to games whose outcome is affected by the strategies of players, the latter to those games whose outcome is completely random. For instance, lotteries are easily recognized as pure gambling, while some variants of Poker (e.g. Texas Hold'em) are usually considered as skill games. In both cases, the theory of probability constitutes the mathematical framework for studying their dynamics, despite their classification. Here, it is worth to consider that when games entail the competition between many players, the structure of interactions can acquire a relevant role. For instance, some games as Bingo are not characterized by this kind of interactions, while other games as Poker, show a network structure, i.e. players interact each other and have the opportunity to share or exchange information. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of a population composed of two species, i.e. strong and weak agents. The former represents expert players, while the latter beginners, i.e. non expert ones. Here, pair wise interactions are based on a very simple game, whose outcome is affected by the nature of the involved agents. In doing so, expert agents have a higher probability to succeed when playing with weak agents, while the success probability is equal when two agents of the same kind face each other. Numerical simulations are performed considering a population arranged in different topologies like regular graphs and in scale free networks. This choice allows to model dynamics that we might observe on online game platforms. Further aspects as the adaptability of agents are taken into account, e.g. the possibility to improve (i.e. to becomean expert) Results show that complex topologies represent a strong opportunity for experts and a risk for both kinds of agents.
Hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media: Relationship between electrocatalysis and electrochemical double layer structure
Year: 2017

Enhancing the sluggish kinetics of electrochemical hydrogen oxidation reaction in high pH environments is of crucial importance considering its applications in alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFC) and regenerative hydrogen electrodes for energy storage. Alkaline H 2 oxidation to form water involves reaction between H adsorbed intermediates and hydroxide anions wherein the nature/source of the latter plays a crucial role. Here, we take a systematic approach to understand why H 2 oxidation kinetics is slower in alkaline media compared to acid. While recently reported models focus on surface adsorbate bond strength optimization, we herein show that the alkaline H 2 oxidation mechanism is fundamentally different due to a complex interplay between electrocatalysis and electrochemical double layer structure. A heretofore unknown modern rendition of the double layer structure is proposed wherein specifically adsorbed (M OH ad and quasi specifically adsorbed (M H ad/upd OH q ad reactive hydroxide species localized in the compact part of the electrochemical double layer is shown to define H 2 oxidation kinetics on monometallic and bimetallic catalyst surfaces at high pH.
H19 Is Expressed in Hybrid Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4a+ Periportal Hepatocytes but Not Cytokeratin 19+ Cholangiocytes in Cholestatic Livers
Venue: Hepatology communications
Year: 2018

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is abundantly expressed in fetal liver. Its expression is significantly diminished in adult healthy liver but is re induced in chronic liver diseases, including cholestasis. In this study, we developed a new method with combined in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunofluorescence (IF) colabeling to establish an H19 expression profile with both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cell specific markers in the livers of cholestatic mouse models and patients with cholestasis. H19RNA+ cells showed no colocalization with biliary epithelial cell marker cytokeratin 19 (CK19) cholangiocytes but were immediately adjacent to biliary structures in bile duct ligation (BDL) 3,5 diethoxycarbony1 1,4 dihydrocollidine (DDC) and multidrug resistant gene 2 knockout (Mdr2 mouse models and in human primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) liver specimens. In contrast, double positive H19RNA+/sex determining region Y (SRY) box 9 (SOX9) ductal progenitor cells, H19RNA+/hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a (HNF4a) hepatocytes, H19RNA+/F4/80+ Kupffer cells, HNF4a+/SOX9+ hybrid hepatocytes, as well as triple positive H19RNA+/HNF4a+/SOX9+ periportal hepatocytes were identified. In addition, H19RNA could not be detected in mesenchymal cell marker desmin+ cells. Furthermore, H19RNA was predominately detected in cytoplasm with a small amount at the interspace with neighboring cells.  H19RNA is localized in HNF4a+ periportal hepatocytes, SOX9+ ductal progenitor cells, and F4/80+ Kupffer cells but not in CK19+ cholangiocytes and desmin+ stellate cells in cholestatic livers.
Istifcilikle ve amacsiz gezinme ile seyreden bir frontotemporal demans olgusu
Year: 2017

Klinik belirtileri cok cesitli olan frontotemporal demans davranissal varyantinin (dv FTD) ayirici tanisinda duygudurum bozukluklari ve anksiyete bozukluklari yer alir. Bazi olgularda ise duygudurum bozukluklari ve anksiyete bozukluklari dv FTD'ye komorbid olarak bulunur. Sosyal stresor ardindan baslayan siddetli anksiyeteye amacsiz gezinme ve istifciligin eslik ettigi bir FTD olgusunu; bu olgu uzerinden de dv FTD ayirici tanisini tartisacagiz
Assessing the impact of World Bank preparation on project outcomes
Year: 2015

This paper assesses the impact of World Bank project preparation on project outcomes via a two step estimation procedure. Using a stochastic frontier model, I generate a measure of World Bank project preparation duration based only on variation in political economy factors that are exogenous to latent project quality. Panel analysis of project data finds that projects with longer preparation periods are significantly more likely to have satisfactory outcome ratings. This result is robust across a range of specifications but the effects are conditional on the degree of economic vulnerability. The impact of World Bank preparation is greater in countries experiencing debt problems that may have fewer alternatives. Examining the impact of aid agency inputs into project preparation and design offers an alternative approach to measure the contribution of these agencies to development.
Virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans is enhanced in biofilms containing oral bacteria
Venue: Biofouling
Year: 2015

This study examined the influence of bacteria on the virulence and pathogenicity of candidal biofilms. Mature biofilms (Candida albicans only, bacteria only, C. albicans with bacteria) were generated on acrylic and either analysed directly, or used to infect a reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHOE) Analyses included Candida hyphae enumeration and assessment of Candida virulence gene expression. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and Candida tissue invasion following biofilm infection of the RHOE were also measured. Candida hyphae were more prevalent (p 0.05) in acrylic biofilms also containing bacteria, with genes encoding secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP4/SAP6) and hyphal wall protein (HWP1) up regulated (p 0.05) Candida adhesin genes (ALS3/EPA1) SAP6 and HWP1 were up regulated in mixed species biofilm infections of RHOE. Multi species infections exhibited higher hyphal proportions (p 0.05) up regulation of IL 18, higher LDH activity and tissue invasion. As the presence of bacteria in acrylic biofilms promoted Candida virulence, consideration should be given to the bacterial component when managing denture biofilm associated candidoses.
Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers.
Venue: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Year: 2006

Air travel might increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) It has been suggested that wearing compression stockings might reduce this risk.  To assess the effects of wearing compression stockings versus not wearing them among people travelling on flights lasting at least four hours. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group's Specialized Register (January 2006) the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (in The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2005) MEDLINE (January 1966 to November 2005) EMBASE (January 1980 to December 2005) and several other electronic or grey literature sources, detailed in full in the review. The most recent searches were done in January 2006.  Randomized trials of compression stockings versus no stockings in passengers on flights lasting at least four hours. Trials in which passengers wore a stocking on one leg but not the other, or those comparing stockings and another intervention were also eligible.  At least two authors independently assessed the quality of each study and extracted data. We sought additional information from trialists.  Ten randomized trials (n 2856) were included; nine (n 2821) compared wearing stockings on both legs versus not wearing them, and one (n 35) compared wearing a stocking on one leg for the outbound flight and on the other leg on the return flight. Of the nine trials, seven included people judged to be at low or medium risk (n 1548) and two included high risk participants (n 1273) All flights lasted at least seven hours. Fifty of 2637 participants with follow up data available in the trials of wearing stockings on both legs had a symptomless DVT; three wore stockings, 47 did not (odds ratio 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.25, P 0.00001) There were no symptomless DVTs in three trials. No deaths, pulmonary emboli or symptomatic DVTs were reported. Wearing stockings had a significant impact in reducing oedema (based on six trials) No significant adverse effects were reported.  Airline passengers similar to those in this review can expect a substantial reduction in the incidence of symptomless DVT and leg oedema if they wear compression stockings. We cannot assess the effect of wearing stockings on death, pulmonary embolus or symptomatic DVT because no such events occurred in these trials. Randomized trials to assess these outcomes would need to include a very large number of people.
An Ontology Based Semantic Data Model Supporting A Maas Digital Platform
Venue: 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS)
Year: 2018

The integration of IoT infrastructures across production systems, together with the extensive digitalisation of industrial processes, are drastically impacting manufacturing value chains and the business models built on the top of them. By exploiting these capabilities companies are evolving the nature of their businesses shifting value proposition towards models relying on product servitization and share, instead of ownership. In this paper, we describe the semantic data model developed to support a digital platform fostering the reintroduction in the loop and optimization of unused industrial capacity. Such data model aims to establish the main propositions of the semantic representation that constitutes the essential nature of the ecosystem to depict their interactions, the flow of resources and exchange of production services. The inference reasoning on the semantic representation of the ecosystem allows to make emerge nontrivial and previously unknown opportunities. This will apply not only to the matching of demand and supply of manufacturing services, but to possible and unpredictable relations. For instance, a particular kind of waste being produced at an ecosystem node can be linked to the requirements for an input material needed in a new product being developed on the platform, or new technologies can be suggested to enhance processes under improvement. The overall architecture and individual ontologies are presented and their usefulness is motivated via the application to use cases.