nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Live fast, die young: Accelerated growth, mortality, and turnover in street trees
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2019

Municipalities are embracing greening initiatives as a key strategy for improving urban sustainability and combatting the environmental impacts of expansive urbanization. Many greening initiatives include goals to increase urban canopy cover through tree planting, however, our understanding of street tree ecosystem dynamics is limited and our understanding of vegetation structure and function based on intact, rural forests does not apply well to urban ecosystems. In this study, we estimate size specific growth, mortality, and planting rates in trees under municipal control, use a box model to forecast short term changes in street tree aboveground carbon pools under several planting and management scenarios, and compare our findings to rural, forested systems. We find accelerated rates of carbon cycling in street trees with mean diameter growth rates nearly four times faster in Boston, MA, USA (0.78 0.02 cm yr 1) than in rural forest stands of MA (0.21 0.02 cm yr 1) and mean mortality rates more than double rural forested rates (3.06 0.25% yr 1 in street trees; 1.41 0.04% yr 1 in rural trees) Despite the enhanced growth of urban trees, high mortality losses result in a net loss of street tree carbon storage over time 0.15 0.09 Mg C ha 1 yr 1) Planting initiatives alone may not be sufficient to maintain or enhance canopy cover and biomass due to the unique demographics of urban ecosystems. Initiatives to aid in the establishment and preservation of tree health are central for increasing street tree canopy cover and maintaining/increasing carbon storage in vegetation. Strategic combinations of planting and maintenance will maximize the viability of greening initiatives as an effective climate mitigation tool.
The Difference of Academic Procrastination between Students Who Are Active and Not Active in Organizations Student Activity Units in the Faculty of Psychology, University of Medan Area
Year: 2020

This study aims to determine the differences in academic procrastination between active and non active students in student organizations in the Faculty of Psychology, University of Medan Area. The scale of academic procrastination in this study is based on the characteristics of academic procrastination according to Ferrari, Johnson, and McCown. The results shows that There is no difference in academic procrastination between students who are active and not active in participating the organizational activities by looking at the value or coefficient of difference in anava F 0.200 with P> 0.05. There is significant differences in academic procrastination between male and female students. These results are known by looking at the value or coefficient of difference in anava F 14.137 with P <0.010. Calculation results from the comparison of empirical mean and hypothetical mean of academic procrastination (112.5 <149.2368) where the empirical mean of academic procrastination is greater than the hypothetical mean, it can be stated that the academic procrastination of students is high.
The Impact of Lengths of Time Series on the Accuracy of the ARIMA Forecasting
Venue: International Research in Higher Education
Year: 2019

The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) is a popular time series model used to predict future trends in economics, energy markets, and stock markets. It has not been widely applied to enrollment forecasting in higher education. The accuracy of the ARIMA model heavily relies on the length of time series. Researchers and practitioners often utilize the most recent to years of historical data to predict future enrollment; however, the accuracy of enrollment projection under different lengths of time series has never been investigated and compared. A simulation and an empirical study were conducted to thoroughly investigate the accuracy of ARIMA forecasting under four different lengths of time series. When the ARIMA model completely captured the historical changing trajectories, it provided the most accurate predictions of student enrollment with 20 years of historical data and had the lowest forecasting accuracy with the shortest time series. The results of this paper contribute as a reference to studies in the enrollment projection and time series forecasting. It provides a practical impact on enrollment strategies, budges plans, and financial aid policies at colleges and institutions across countries.
Comparison of methods for determination of moisture in food.
Year: 2010

Water is the most common substances on earth and an essential component of all food. The amount of water in food (known as percent water) influences the appearance, texture, and flavor of the food. Water makes up 70% or more of the weight of most fresh (unprocessed) food. Even "dry" food like beans, flour and cereals contain some water. A number of techniques had been developed for this purpose, which vary in their accuracy, cost, speed, sensitivity, specificity, ease of operation, etc. The choice of any procedure for particular application depends on the nature of the food being analyzed and the reason the information is need. In addition, the moisture monitoring techniques will provide for better control of processing for value added applications and improved end product In this paper a study for some of technique namely, the Infrared, Microwave, oven dry and differential gravimetric analysis was done. A comparison of this technique and the choice of the easy, fast, low in cost technique was recommended. It was found that the technique is the one which can be recommended.
Resignificacion de las creencias familiares para la autodeterminacion del adulto con discapacidad intelectual
Year: 2020

La resignificacion de las creencias familiares respecto a la discapacidad, se basa en el cuestionamiento de las practicas cotidianas que limitan la autodeterminacion de la persona con discapacidad intelectual y su familia. El objetivo fue contribuir a la resignificacion de las creencias familiares que excluyen a la persona con discapacidad intelectual y reducen su capacidad de autodeterminacion. Se trato de un estudio cualitativo basado en el desarrollo de cuatro talleres reflexivos con la asistencia de 17 familias, incluyendo a las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Entre los principales resultados, se encontro que los cuidadores definen su rol en funcion del cuidado y la sobreproteccion a las personas y lo reducen a ser receptores pasivos de ayudas economicas y materiales. La resignificacion de las creencias se basa en el reconocimiento de las necesidades de cada uno de los integrantes de la familia, enfatizando en la autodeterminacion de la persona con discapacidad intelectual. Se concluye que, ademas de las limitaciones y restricciones para la interaccion social de la persona, es fundamental reconocer el derecho al acceso a oportunidades de desarrollo personal y familiar.
Stress, Burnout, and Associated Risk Factors in Medical Students
Venue: Cureus
Year: 2020

To determine the prevalence of and the risk factors associated with burnout and stress for medical students in Saudi Arabia.  A cross sectional, survey based study was distributed between January and February 2018 among all 500 medical students from the first to fifth years in a medical college; 356 of the students responded (71.2% response rate) Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI SS) while the stress level was measured using the 12 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12) Socio demographics, professional characteristics, and participation in extracurricular activities were also included as possible predictors of burnout and stress.  The study revealed that the stress level was (51.7% n= 184) and the rate of high burnout was (38.2% n= 136) expressing high exhaustion (77.8% n=277) high cynicism (65.7% n=234) and low academic efficiency (45.5% n=162) Half of the students (50% n=178) participated in extracurricular activities and were involved in one or more activities such as organizing activities and medical volunteering (n 52, 14.6% research (n 59, 16.6% and physical exercise (n 71, 10.4% There was a statistically significant positive correlation between overall burnout and a lower grade point average (GPA) (OR 0.581, p 0.004, 95% CI 0.400 to 0.843) A statistically significant positive correlation was found between stress and students with a lower GPA (OR 0.737, P 0.0.23, 95% CI 0.566 to 0.959) stress was also higher in students who were not involved in any extracurricular activities (OR 1.893, P 0.004, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.918)  Our study shows high burnout rates among medical students. Low GPA students in this study showed a higher overall burnout. Stress was high in our study participants and was higher in students with a low GPA and in students who were not involved in any extracurricular activities.
An evaluation of the implementation of systemic ideas into child safeguarding social work practice with domestic violence and abuse using the principles of realistic evaluation
Year: 2019

In 2015 the application of ideas from systemic family therapy was being introduced into the field of children and families social work practice. Numerous Local Authorities were training their frontline social workers in these ideas and concepts while government initiatives to attract new social workers into the field emphasized systemic principles. At the same time, the main reason for referrals into statutory social work was domestic violence and abuse. This study took a theory based evaluation approach, based on the principles of realistic evaluation (Pawson Tiley 1997) to understand the impact of introducing systemic ideas on social work practice with domestic violence and abuse. Realistic evaluation focusses on the theory of change concerned with the relationship between context and mechanisms to generate outcomes. The evaluation sought to know whether any changes in practice were congruent with child protection legislation and guidance at that time. This qualitative study took place in a UK Local Authority in which Social Workers worked under child protection legislation to safeguard children affected by domestic violence and abuse (DVA) The review of the literature found that sparse empirical evidence existed to support the decision to apply systemic ideas to DVA, and in some cases, the literature highlighted potential tensions between the systemic approach and the statutory social work context. The evaluation involved two stages of qualitative interviews. The first stage sought to understand what outcomes the experts in systemic approaches had assumed would be created by implementing these ideas. The second stage involved child protection social workers who had been trained in systemic ideas and sought to qualify and challenge the expert's assumptions while seeking to understand the impact of context. The primary findings of this research were that little evidence existed to support the implementation of systemic ideas specifically with child protection DVA practice. The impact on practice was that social workers were more focused on engagement with fathers, were willing to undertake direct work with families and changed their views on the causality of DVA. However, the research also identified some unintended outcomes including the risk of creating tension and frustration and division in the workforce. This study has concluded that although there is evidence of some positive practice change as a result of the use of systemic ideas, this was not always congruent with a child protection approach. It illuminates the need for further research on the application of systemic ideas on domestic violence and abuse.
Population imaging of neural activity in awake behaving mice
Venue: Nature
Year: 2019

A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to image membrane voltage across a population of individual neurons in an awake, behaving mammal. Here we describe a genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicator, SomArchon, which exhibits millisecond response times and is compatible with optogenetic control, and which increases the sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, and number of neurons observable several fold over previously published fully genetically encoded reagents1 8. Under conventional one photon microscopy, SomArchon enables the routine population analysis of around 13 neurons at once, in multiple brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, and striatum) of head fixed, awake, behaving mice. Using SomArchon, we detected both positive and negative responses of striatal neurons during movement, as previously reported by electrophysiology but not easily detected using modern calcium imaging techniques9 11, highlighting the power of voltage imaging to reveal bidirectional modulation. We also examined how spikes relate to the subthreshold theta oscillations of individual hippocampal neurons, with SomArchon showing that the spikes of individual neurons are more phase locked to their own subthreshold theta oscillations than to local field potential theta oscillations. Thus, SomArchon reports both spikes and subthreshold voltage dynamics in awake, behaving mice.A genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicator, SomArchon, is used to image changes in membrane voltage from many neurons simultaneously in multiple brain regions of awake, behaving mice.
Hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif oleh ibu bekerja di Desa Cadas Puskesmas Telagasari Karawang
Year: 2020

ASI (air susu ibu) eksklusif adalah ASI yang diberikan kepada bayi sejak dilahirkan selama 6 bulan tanpa menambahkan dan atau mengganti dengan makanan atau minuman lain (kecuali obat, vitamin, dan mineral) ASI dapat mengurangi resiko kematian pada bayi. Di kabupaten Karawang capaian ASI eksklusif masih rendah termasuk di Puskesmas Telagasari 72,31% dari target 80% Banyaknya ibu bekerja di Kabupaten Karawang menjadi kendala terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif oleh ibu bekerja di Desa Cadas Puskesmas Telagasari Karawang. Studi menggunakan metode analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 130 responden yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa dari 130 responden didapatkan sebanyak 67(51,5% responden memberikan ASI eksklusif, 87 (66,9% responden berpengetahuan baik dan 67 (51,5% responden bersikap baik. Pada analisis Chi Squre didapatkan nilai p <0,004 yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan nilai PR 1,87. Sedangkan pada sikap diperoleh nilai p <0,036 yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara sikap dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif oleh ibu yang bekerja dengan nilai PR 1,48. Pada uji tersebut didapatkan pula hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan sikap pemberian ASI eksklusif, dengan nilai p <0,035 dan PR 1,59.
Pharmacognostic Analysis of Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb. Miers, with respect to Dioecy.
Year: 2019

Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb. Miers, Menispermaceae, is a dioecious creeper, a plant of significant medicinal importance in the traditional systems of medicine and designated as Rasayana in Ayurveda. Vegetative parts of this plant are used as drug. This makes it important to choose right material for efficacy, especially if there could be gender associated differences in contents (both qualitative as well as quantitative) of the medicinally active or important constituents and metabolites.  Macro microscopical studies, physicochemical parameters, HPTLC and in vitro antioxidant activity have been performed as per standard methods.  Present findings have shown that such differences do exist. Male and female plants have different leaf shapes, petiole shapes and length. Quantitative anatomical features also provide basis to distinguish between male and female plants. The size of cortical region, presence of starch grains and mucilage canals were such important feature which was significantly different between the sexes. Total sugar, starch and tannin were also high in female plants. With respect to antioxidant potential and tinosporoside biomarker, female plants were better than male plants.  Our studies have demonstrated that there are gender based differences in morphology, anatomy, physico phytochemical profiles and antioxidant potential. This study underscores the importance of gender in all the dioecious medicinal plants for their quality control.
The Density of Competitors in a Stratified Environment Determines the Relative Fitness of Biofilm Structures
Year: 2015

Multicellular organisms consist of many billions of individual cells, whose spatial location, gene expression and reproduction are closely coordinated to produce a functional whole. Understanding how cells assemble into three dimensional, multicellular structures, and how these structures' spatial organization influences their function, is a fundamental challenge in biology and biophysics, while controlling cellular aggregation and growth for regenerative or therapeutic purposes is a major goal in bioengineering and medicine. Biofilms are three dimensional sessile communities of interacting unicellular organisms, and even in a biofilm of genetically identical clones the constituent cells can differentiate into different patterns of gene expression and growth rates; this differentiation is often linked to the cells' positions in the biofilm structure, which controls transport and intercellular contacts in the biofilm. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and a widely studied model system for biofilm formation. It has recently been found that P. aeruginosa tends to form multicellular aggregates even when grown in shaken liquid culture. Here, we use a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments and individual based computer simulations to track the fate of pre aggregated and initially un aggregated cells as they compete for resources during the development of a biofilm in a flow cell. We find that pre formed aggregates do not have an intrinsic growth advantage over single cells, but nevertheless biofilm regions that are initiated by pre formed aggregates can outgrow regions that are initiated by single cells if competition for growth substrate is high. Our results show that preformed aggregates can assist a strain in colonizing a surface, under conditions of high competition from other strains. However, within the aggregate itself, a form of cooperation exists, in which cells on the top of an aggregate benefit at the expense of lower cells.
Challenges Associated with Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) in Poultry Nutrition and Feed Additive Applications for their Mitigation
Year: 2019

Challenges which are associated with the use of palm kernel cake (PKC) in poultry nutrition and the use of feed additives to reduce their negative impacts were reviewed. Palm kernel cake is a byproduct of palm kernel oil production. It is used principally to reduce cost of feed and increase gross margin in Nigeria. Its inclusion in feeds reduces levels of maize and soybean meal in poultry diets. Though the nutritive value of PKC has been adjudged to be adequate at certain levels when added to diets of different classes of poultry, there are certain challenges that could occur. Its proximate composition depending on processing method shows 18.0% crude protein, 18.0% crude fibre, 8.0% ether extract and 2500 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Its lysine and methionine content is less than 1.0% making them critical in PKC based diets. High level of cellulose and lignin, presence of non starch polysaccharides (NSPs) grittiness, poor quality protein, rancidity and mold contamination pose a challenge. Effects of fibre and NSPs could be reduced by addition of appropriate enzymes to PKC based diets. Inclusion of synthetic lysine and methionine could mitigate the negative impact of poor protein quality, while anti oxidants and mold inhibitors could be applied in feeds to improve feed utilization and reduce physiological dysfunctions. During storage, organic acids could also be used to prevent mold contamination. Application of spices and essential oils should be explored. Whereas addition of feed additives have proven to improve productivity of poultry, they should be used to reduce the negative impact associated with the use of PKC in poultry feeds.
Disinformation as Collaborative Work
Venue: Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact.
Year: 2019

In this paper, we argue that strategic information operations (e.g. disinformation, political propaganda, and other forms of online manipulation) are a critical concern for CSCW researchers, and that the CSCW community can provide vital insight into understanding how these operations function by examining them as collaborative "work" within online crowds. First, we provide needed definitions and a framework for conceptualizing strategic information operations, highlighting related literatures and noting historical context. Next, we examine three case studies of online information operations using a sociotechnical lens that draws on CSCW theories and methods to account for the mutual shaping of technology, social structure, and human action. Through this lens, we contribute a more nuanced understanding of these operations (beyond "bots" and "trolls" and highlight a persistent challenge for researchers, platform designers, and policy makers distinguishing between orchestrated, explicitly coordinated, information operations and the emergent, organic behaviors of an online crowd.
Using Virtual Human Technology in Perioperative Team Training Simulations.
Venue: AORN journal
Year: 2020

Incorporating virtual human (VH) technology into simulation programs for perioperative education and training can improve interdisciplinary teamwork and communication. The development of VHs allowed interdisciplinary teams at the University of Florida Health Shands Hospital to overcome obstacles during training, such as communication gaps. A multidisciplinary team that included perioperative leaders and quality specialists developed three scenarios for interdisciplinary training to provide participants with the opportunity to practice their communication skills and improve patient safety. Using validated tools to promote standardized communication, participants had to address patient safety concerns assertively during the simulations. After each simulation session, quality specialists conducted a debriefing, collected data via surveys, and identified areas for improvement. As a result of the VH simulation sessions, perioperative staff members reported increased confidence and competence when providing patient care. Using VHs to enhance education is an innovative strategy that is useful for both novice and experienced perioperative nurses.