nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer or localize? International reward and compensation practices of South Korean multinational enterprises in China
Year: 2015

International reward and compensation has received little academic attention, but past research was mainly conducted in advanced Western economies. This study explores the extent to which multinational enterprises (MNEs) from an emerging economy, South Korea, transfer reward and compensation practices from business headquarters to a transitional economy, China and the determining factors for transfer. Using a qualitative approach to analysing 10 South Korean MNEs in China, this study reveals that the sample companies adopt home oriented focal reward and compensation policies and practices (including base pay and performance based pay) and an integrative approach to peripheral components (including allowances and benefits) for expatriates. However, the companies adopt an integrative approach to focal components of reward and compensation and a localized approach to peripheral components for host country nationals (HCNs) These findings indicate that Korean MNEs adopt different approaches to reward and compensation for expatriates and HCNs, as well as to focal and peripheral components of reward and compensation practices. The transfer of reward and compensation is due to the dominance effect resulting from the fact that the home economy is relatively more advanced than the host economy. On the one hand, the tendency to localize reward and compensation results from contextual differences between host and home nations, such as economic development, living costs and compensation traditions.
Binary Disassembly Block Coverage by Symbolic Execution vs. Recursive Descent
Year: 2012

This research determines how appropriate symbolic execution is (given its current implementation) for binary analysis by measuring how much of an executable symbolic execution allows an analyst to reason about. Using the S2E Selective Symbolic Execution Engine with a built in constraint solver (KLEE) this research measures the effectiveness of S2E on a sample of 27 Debian Linux binaries as compared to a traditional static disassembly tool, IDA Pro. Disassembly code coverage and path exploration is used as a metric for determining success. This research also explores the effectiveness of symbolic execution on packed or obfuscated samples of the same binaries to generate a model based evaluation of success for techniques commonly employed by malware. Obfuscated results were much higher than expected, which lead to the discovery that S2E was not actually handling the multiple executable memory regions present in unpacker runtime code. Three recommendations are made to address the shortcomings of S2E and allow it to process obfuscated samples correctly.
Customer satisfaction and firm performance: insights from over a quarter century of empirical research
Venue: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
Year: 2019

Emphasizing customer satisfaction as a strategic lever for enhancing business performance is a widespread business practice. However, just over 25 years of empirical studies by academic researchers has produced evidence that is sometimes contradictory. Hence, greater academic clarity and improved managerial understanding could result from a meta analysis of the customer satisfaction business performance relationship. To that end, the authors analyzed 251 correlations from 96 studies published between 1991 and 2017. While the satisfaction performance relationship is positive and statistically significant on average r .101) more meaningful insights emerge from the explication of moderating and mediating relationships. Illustrative of these insights is the finding that satisfaction is more appropriately depicted as mediating the effects of selected marketing strategy variables on firm performance outcomes. Moreover, when satisfaction is viewed in the right setting using the right satisfaction and performance measures, a most favorable contingencies (MFC) perspective, the estimated correlation is reasonably strong r .349)
Transfer status: A significant risk factor for mortality in emergency general surgery patients requiring colon resection
Venue: The journal of trauma and acute care surgery
Year: 2018

Patients requiring emergency surgery have increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Transfer from outside institution delays effective control of ongoing infection and has been linked with worse outcomes. Previous research suggests transfer status negatively impacts survival but has not examined the effect of location and type of institution prior to transfer. This study aims to characterize the effect of type of transferring institution on postoperative outcomes after emergency colon surgery.  Data originated from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2010 to 2012. Patients undergoing emergent colectomy were stratified based on location: not transferred, transferred from outside emergency department (ED) transferred from outside hospital inpatient unit, or transferred from a nursing home. Patient variables were stratified and compared via &khgr;2 and analysis of variance. A backward multivariable logistic regression and adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to determine factors predicting 30 day mortality.  A total of 14,245 patients were identified, of whom 22% (3,203) were transfer patients. Among transfers, 48% (1,531) came from outside hospital inpatient units. Thirty day mortality varied significantly (p 0.001) among transfer location: 12.8% when not transferred, 19.4% from outside EDs, 25.7% from outside hospital inpatient units, and 34.2% from nursing homes. Hazard ratios were 1.30 (p 0.001) after transfer from outside hospital inpatient ward and 1.50 (p 0.001) after transfer from nursing home. Patients transferred from nursing homes were more likely to have septic shock (26.9% vs. 11.6% p 0.001) and longer hospitalizations (13 days vs. 10 days, p 0.001) versus those not transferred.  Transfer status is an independent contributor to death in emergency general surgery patients undergoing colectomy. Patients transferred from an outside hospital ED, nursing home or chronic care facility have the poorest outcomes. These results reinforce the importance of rapid triage and transfer of patients with early physiologic decompensation to ensure timely surgical evaluation and intervention.
A review on the numerical modeling of CdS/CZTS based solar cells
Year: 2019

CZTS thin film is now one of the most promising materials for the sustainable absorption of solar cells. Recently, there has been interest in enhancing efficiency and reducing costs of manufacturing CZTS based solar cells. Nevertheless, there is no report focused on explaining the role of numerical modeling's help to understand this cell. In this review, we discuss the advantages and the challenges of the experimental pure sulfide CZTS based solar cells. The softwares used in simulations thin films solar cells are discussed. The solutions for improving efficiency of CdS/CZTS based solar cells using numerical modeling are also discussed.
Graphene based tunable metamaterial absorber and polarization modulation in terahertz frequency.
Venue: Optics express
Year: 2014

Graphene can be utilized in designing tunable terahertz devices due to its tunability of sheet conductivity. In this paper, we combine the metamaterial having unit cell of cross shaped metallic resonator with the double layer graphene wires to realize polarization independent absorber with spectral tuning at terahertz frequency. The absorption performance with a peak frequency tuning range of 15% and almost perfect peak absorption has been demonstrated by controlling the Fermi energy of the graphene that can be conveniently achieved by adjusting the bias voltage on the graphene double layers. The mechanism of the proposed absorber has been explored by a transmission line model and the tuning is explained by the changing of the effective inductance of the graphene wires under gate voltage biasing. Further more, we also propose a polarization modulation scheme of terahertz wave by applying similar polarization dependent absorbers. Through the proposed polarization modulator, it is able to electrically control the reflected wave with a linear polarization of continuously tunable azimuth angle of the major axis from 0deg to 90deg at the working frequency. These design approaches enable us to electrically control the absorption spectrum and the polarization state of terahertz waves more flexibly.
Renegotiating the Care of Children and the Elderly in the Context of Family Migration: Transnational Arrangements and Entangled Inequalities Between Peru and Italy
Year: 2015

Maribel was the first of seven siblings to emigrate from Lima, Peru, to Italy in the early 1990s. Soon after migrating she gave birth to her eldest daughter, Cintia. Because of her job as a home based caregiver for the elderly she was unable to care for her daughter and decided to send her to Peru, where she was taken care of by Maribel's sister Carmen and their mother until being reunited with Maribel at the age of six. In the meantime, Maribel found a more stable job in a transport company. Her marriage to her first partner, an Italian citizen, allowed her to obtain Italian citizenship and improve her socioeconomic conditions. Over time she got divorced, created a new family with a Peruvian migrant, and had two more children. During this period, Maribel encouraged several siblings, including Carmen, to join her in Italy. Recently she has taken the steps necessary to bring over her mother in law as well. Only in this way has Maribel been able to continue working outside the home, including at weekends, while Carmen supported her in caring for her children. With the money she earned in Italy, Maribel has financially supported not only her children but also her parents left behind in Peru and has managed to save enough money to buy a plot of land and a building of her own in Lima, to which she expects to return in the future.
Evaluation of immune responses of stabilised SAT2 antigens of foot and mouth disease in cattle.
Venue: Vaccine
Year: 2017

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines with improved stability and less reliant on a cold chain are needed to improve the longevity of immune responses elicited in animals. This is especially so for serotypes O and SAT2 which are unstable in mildly acidic pH conditions or at elevated temperatures leading to dissociation of the capsid (146S particle) and loss of immunogenicity. Previously, stabilised SAT2 viruses were generated by reverse genetic approaches and assessed in vitro and in vivo with a guinea pig trial. Here we investigated the efficacy and comparative immunological responses of two thermostable and wild type SAT2 vaccines over 5months followed by challenge. We assessed humoral immune responses elicited in cattle in terms of total and neutralizing antibodies and IgG1/2 isotyping; and cell mediated responses of IFN g as in vitro markers of protection. Whilst there were significant differences in total and neutralizing antibodies for the vSAT2 93H group compared to other vaccinated groups after the first vaccination, there were no significant differences after the second immunization. Following intra dermolingual challenge all vaccinated groups were fully protected as determined by the absence of generalized lesions. These results provide proof that two vaccine doses, consisting of SAT2 antigen combined with ISA206B adjuvant, administered 4 6 weeks apart were able to protect animals up to 5months pv. Additionally, vSAT2 93Y had significantly higher levels of IFN g after challenge and had a lower clinical score indicative of better protection compared to other vaccinated groups and the importance of cell mediated responses and antigen stability in protection.
Exploring the Construction, Play, Use of Virtual Identities in a STEM Learning Game
Venue: FDG
Year: 2015

Studies show that representations of learners' social identities impact performance and engagement, e.g. via triggering stereotypes  When learning occurs with virtual identities as intermediaries, such as avatars in a learning game, it is unknown how the use of virtual identities may impact performance and engagement. This area is ripe for investigation given the proliferation of educational technologies such as games, virtual worlds, and MOOCs. Informed by Papert's theory of constructionism [22] and computational identity research [11,30] we developed a STEM game to experiment with virtual identities. We are currently evaluating the effects that avatars have on performance and self reported engagement in our learning game [15] Preliminary studies show significant impacts for avatars that look like users vs. ones that do not. Early results (446 total participants) found that avatars can trigger stereotype threat: using face photo avatars elicits 1) more negative emotional dispositions towards the game in African American participants compared to white participants, and 2) higher self reported difficulty for all participants.
Who Cares About Ballroom Dancing
Year: 2019

This book explores what Ballroom and Latin American dancing means to those who take part in this form of dance as part of their leisure activities and considers how contemporary men and women negotiate the intrinsic gender roles underpinning the practice of the activity. This chapter sets the scene by introducing relevant concepts and literature, including serious leisure and feminist leisure studies. It introduces the research questions, the research methods employed and the structure of the book.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)
Year: 2020

Over the past two decades or so, robotics researchers have thoroughly investigated one of the fundamental problems in robotics commonly known as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) This is primarily a chicken and egg problem as the robot is supposed to navigate in an unknown environment (i.e. unknown map of target area) and it must know its own location at all times (i.e. localization) Both of these problems are to be solved simultaneously as the robot needs to know its location with respect to the map being generated and the map can only be generated by exploring, which requires the robot to know where it is and where it is headed. This chapter summarizes some of most noticeable works in this domain.
Laser Induced Nuclear Fusion, LINF, In Muonic Molecules With Ultrashort Super Intense Laser Fields
Year: 2010

Muonium molecules where muons replace electrons increase the stability of molecules to ionization at superhigh intensities, I>1020 W/cm2. We show furthermore from numerical simulations that in the nonsymmetric series, pdu, dtu, ptu, the permanent dipole moments can be used to enhance LINF, Laser Induced Nuclear Fusion by laser induced recollision of the light nucleus with the heavier nucleus.
Longitudinal associations of childhood parenting and adolescent health: the mediating influence of social competence.
Venue: Child development
Year: 2015

The current study examined a process through which parenting during the primary school transition contributes to cardiovascular health in adolescence, a foundational period for adult health trajectories. Using path analyses, social competence was tested as a mediator between parental sensitivity and adolescent health among 884 families. Results indicated that mothers' and fathers' sensitivity was associated with increasing social competence from first grade (age 7) to sixth grade (age 12) which was associated with higher awakening cortisol in ninth grade (age 15) and decreasing blood pressure from sixth to ninth grade. Results suggest that social competence mediates associations between childhood parenting and adolescent cardiovascular risk, and may be protective to children's health over time.
Cloud Computing Evolution
Year: 2014

Cloud computing has emerged as a cost effective alternative to having reliable computing resources without owning any of the infrastructure. The growth of this technology mirrors the growth of computing in general. The options offered by cloud services fit the needs of businesses of all types. As a truly global technology, cloud computing is growing rapidly, albeit without any global standards. The benefits of cloud computing are too numerous to hold back adoption. At present the goal is to meet the business needs and as the technology matures it will accommodate changes emanating from global standards. As the first step in this direction many of the major cloud service providers are joining multiple consortia to develop the standards. This chapter addresses the history of the growth of cloud computing and the three basic service types SaaS, PaaS, IaaS that help businesses of all types. We identify the major cloud service providers and the cloud service types that they offer. We discuss the ways in which cloud computing is supporting entrepreneurial activities. Our analysis shows further that the advancements in communications technology is benefiting cloud computing and makes it a truly global service. Moreover, cloud computing technology is making a major contribution to ecommerce.
Quantitative evaluation of mask phase defects from through focus EUV aerial images
Venue: Advanced Lithography
Year: 2011

We present an improved method of phase retrieval from through focus image series with higher precision and reduced sensitivity to noise. The previous method, developed for EUV, actinic mask measurements, was based on the Gerchberg Saxton algorithm and made use of two aerial images recorded in different focal planes. The new technique improves the reconstruction uncertainty and increases the convergence speed by integrating information contained in multiple images from a through focus series. Simulations characterize the new technique in terms of convergence speed, accuracy and stability in presence of photon noise. We have demonstrated the phase reconstruction method on native, mask blank phase defects and compared the results with phase predictions made from AFM data collected after the multilayer deposition. Measurements show that a defect's top surface height profile is not a reliable predictor of phase change in all cases. The method and the current results can be applied to improve defect modeling and to enhance our understanding of the detectability and printability of native phase defects.
Facteurs associes au taux de cesarienne etude retrospective comparative entre les maternites du Nord Pas de Calais
Year: 2016

Le but de cette etude est de mieux comprendre les differents facteurs associes au taux de cesarienne dans les maternites du Nord Pas de Calais. Effectivement le taux de cesarienne en France et dans le monde n'a cesse d'augmenter depuis les annees 1990 et cela nous a questionne. Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective et comparative entre les 37 maternites du Nord Pas de Calais, incluant differentes variables comme le taux d'episiotomie, le taux d'extraction instrumental, l'age maternel moyen, l'age gestationnel moyen, le taux de pratique du pHiu. Nous avons d'abord effectue une analyse unie variee des differentes variables, puis une analyse bi variee. Les resultats les plus significatifs apres ajustement des differentes variables ont porte sur la correlation entre l'age maternel moyen et le taux de cesarienne en urgence, ainsi que sur le taux de pratique du pHiu et le taux de cesarienne en urgence egalement. La correlation existant entre la pratique du pHiu et le taux de cesarienne en urgence ne peut etre liee qu'a une erreur de codage de l'acte du pHiu par les professionnels. A defaut d'un resultat scientifique, notre etude a permis de mettre en lumiere des dysfonctionnements concernant le codage des actes medicaux par les professionnels de sante.
Bioaccessibility and catabolism of phenolic compounds from jaboticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) fruit peel during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation
Year: 2020

Jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) digestion was investigated for the first time using an in vitro static model of gastrointestinal digestion associated with a colonic fermentation assay with human feces to elucidate the catabolism and bioaccessibility of fruit polyphenols. Anthocyanins had low bioaccessibility (0.08 2.3% Most hydrolyzable tannins (1.2 166.0% and flavonols (0 36.8% had greater bioaccessibility than anthocyanins. Despite their low bioaccessibility (0.08 2.3% anthocyanins were the most abundant polyphenols in JPP and in the bioaccessible intestinal fraction followed by hydrolyzable tannins. There was fast degradation of anthocyanins and progressive catabolism of hydrolyzable tannins during the colonic fermentation assay. Urolithins and protocatechuic acid were the major catabolites found; their increase was parallel to the decrease of pathogenic bacteria counts and increase of short chain fatty acids and gas production. JPP digestion yields bioactive polyphenol catabolites that may act as antioxidants and, with JPP dietary fiber, improve gut microbiota metabolism.
Educational processes' guidance based on evolving context prediction in intelligent tutoring systems
Venue: Universal Access in the Information Society
Year: 2019

Considerable attention has been paid to content adaptation in ITS. However, process oriented adaptation has been neglected and none of ITS addressed the correlation between the learning and the teaching process. Indeed, uncertainty coming from the dynamic preferences of learners and tutors, the evolutionary cognitive state of the learner and the choice of goals and educational strategies is not well considered in ITS. So, in this paper, a new proposal for guiding and adapting the construction of both learning and pedagogical processes named educational processes in intelligent tutoring system is described and detailed. The research strategy followed is based on a dynamic Bayesian network to predict the educational context, a strategic perspective for modeling educational processes, and guidance algorithms for their development and support. This aims to generate an individualized learning process for each learner by selecting the most appropriate pedagogical process according to the actual preferences of the tutor. Experimental results are given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed solution. The results show an improvement in guiding the learner and the teacher/tutor by considering the evolving and uncertain educational context. Learners will be therefore able to achieve the learning goal more efficiently when the pedagogical process is more adapted to their individual differences. The evaluation of knowledge improvement, the appropriateness of educational recommended context and the prediction effectiveness shows promising results.