nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Adjuvants: Rescuing Antibiotics from Resistance.
Venue: Trends in microbiology
Year: 2016

Rooted in the mechanism of action of antibiotics and subject to bacterial evolution, antibiotic resistance is difficult and perhaps impossible to overcome. Nevertheless, strategies can be used to minimize the emergence and impact of resistance. Antibiotic adjuvants offer one such approach. These are compounds that have little or no antibiotic activity themselves but act to block resistance or otherwise enhance antibiotic action. Antibiotic adjuvants are therefore delivered in combination with antibiotics and can be divided into two groups: Class I agents that act on the pathogen, and Class II agents that act on the host. Adjuvants offer a means to both suppress the emergence of resistance and rescue the activity of existing drugs, offering an orthogonal strategy complimentary to new antibiotic discovery VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Sparse Bayesian Learning Based Space Time Adaptive Processing Against Unknown Mutual Coupling for Airborne Radar Using Middle Subarray
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

Sparse recovery based space time adaptive processing (STAP) methods can exhibit superior clutter suppression performance with limited training data. However, the clutter suppression performance seriously degrades when the mutual coupling is present in the STAP array elements. In this paper, a sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) based STAP method against the mutual coupling by using the middle subarray is proposed. Specifically, the mutual coupling matrix (MCM) of the STAP uniform linear array is approximately described as a banded symmetric Toeplitz matrix since the effect of mutual coupling between two array elements is inversely related to their distance and can be negligible when their distance is larger than a few wavelengths. Utilizing this specific structure of the MCM, a mutual coupling mitigation method is developed for STAP by rearranging the received snapshots with the designed spatial temporal selection matrix. Then, to efficiently recover the clutter angle Doppler profile, the modified fast converging SBL (FCSBL) named adaptive FCSBL algorithm and its multiple measurement vector case adaptive MFCSBL algorithm are developed with only partial hyper parameters being updated in a single iteration. The proposed method not only achieves the superior clutter suppression performance in the presence of unknown mutual coupling, but also has low computational load. The simulation results are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Mood and Memory Deficits in a Model of Gulf War Illness Are Linked with Reduced Neurogenesis, Partial Neuron Loss, and Mild Inflammation in the Hippocampus
Venue: Neuropsychopharmacology
Year: 2013

Impairments in mood and cognitive function are the key brain abnormalities observed in Gulf war illness (GWI) a chronic multisymptom health problem afflicting ~25% of veterans who served in the Persian Gulf War 1. Although the precise cause of GWI is still unknown, combined exposure to a nerve gas prophylaxis drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and pesticides DEET and permethrin during the war has been proposed as one of the foremost causes of GWI. We investigated the effect of 4 weeks of exposure to Gulf war illness related (GWIR) chemicals in the absence or presence of mild stress on mood and cognitive function, dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the hippocampus. Combined exposure to low doses of GWIR chemicals PB, DEET, and permethrin induced depressive and anxiety like behavior and spatial learning and memory dysfunction. Application of mild stress in the period of exposure to chemicals exacerbated the extent of mood and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, these behavioral impairments were associated with reduced hippocampal volume and multiple cellular alterations such as chronic reductions in neural stem cell activity and neurogenesis, partial loss of principal neurons, and mild inflammation comprising sporadic occurrence of activated microglia and significant hypertrophy of astrocytes. The results show the first evidence of an association between mood and cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal pathology epitomized by decreased neurogenesis, partial loss of principal neurons, and mild inflammation in a model of GWI. Hence, treatment strategies that are efficacious for enhancing neurogenesis and suppressing inflammation may be helpful for alleviation of mood and cognitive dysfunction observed in GWI.
Surface and subsurface characterisation of bioceramic workpieces machined by micro grinding
Year: 2018

In the past few decades, ceramics have been used in biomedical engineering applications due to their biocompatibility, low plaque affinity and particular mechanical properties like high flexural strength. Micro grinding of bioceramics can cause a poor surface integrity including residual stresses, microcracks and insufficient surface topography due to the inherent hardness and brittleness of such materials. This work aims to determine the influence of various process parameters on material properties, viz. roughness, bending strength and residual stresses. Zirconia (ZrO2) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) materials are selected as typical bioceramics under test. In this regard, ceramic specimens are ground with ultrasonic vibration assistance concerning different diamond grain sizes (dg) and a variation of the machining parameters feed speed (vf) and depth of cut (ae) Roughness is measured by white light interferometry, flexural strength is evaluated by 4 point bending tests and residual stresses are characterised through X Ray Diffraction (XRD) Based on these results, it is possible to establish a relationship between the micro grinding process and material behaviour allowing to understand the mechanisms influencing ceramic materials due to the machining process. Moreover, the improvement of the workpiece integrity through the optimisation of the process parameters is enabled. Micro grinding, bioceramic, material integrity.
Developing a green building evaluation standard for interior decoration: A case study of China
Venue: Building and Environment
Year: 2019

Green building development has become a worldwide popular topic in recent years. As an indispensable phase of a building project, interior decoration has an unavoidable impact on the environment and public health. Currently, there have been several green building evaluation standards for interior decoration. However, there is no specific evaluation standard, which is complied with the domestic situation of China, for green interior decoration. This study aims to develop an assessment standard for green interior decoration in the context of China. To start with, a comprehensive review of existing green building rating tools and focus group meetings were held to filter the assessment items and to determine the basic framework of the proposed assessment standard. Eight assessment aspects, including seven basic aspects and one bonus aspect, were identified to formulate the structure of the proposed standard. Then, methods of analytic hierarchy process and relative significance index were employed to evaluate the weight of each aspect and to determine the assigned score for each assessment item. Finally, an assessment standard for green interior decoration, which can be applied to the completion acceptance assessment and the operation management assessment, was developed for evaluating and guiding green interior decoration projects. Three aspects, namely indoor environment quality, material saving and utilization, and energy saving and utilization, were identified to be the most significant ones. A real life project was further selected to validate the feasibility of the proposed evaluation standard.
The Flipkart Story in India: From the Start to Walmart
Year: 2020

Flipkart was launched in 2007 as an online platform for selling books by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal. Ten years later, the e commerce company had 54 million active users and 100,000 plus sellers and had sold 261 million units. The founders had taken several steps to garner this growth, by making investments in technology, undertaking high decibel advertising campaigns and promoting attractive offers on products sold on the platform. Despite the growth, the company was not making profits, and investors like Tiger Global were unhappy. Tiger Global Management brought in Kalyan Krishnamurthy to Flipkart in 2016, and a year later, Kalyan became the chief executive officer (CEO) replacing co founder Binny who got promoted as group CEO. In May 2018, American retailer Walmart paid USD 16 billion to buy out Flipkart and in the same month, Sachin exited the venture by selling his shares for USD 1 billion. Seven months later, Binny was forced to resign on charges of personal misconduct. As these events unfolded, Flipkart was no longer the company founded by the Bansals. The case highlights critical issues in the Flipkart growth story and helps readers understand the nuances in managing stakeholders, including customers and investors.
Brachial plexus morphology and vascular supply in the wistar rat.
Venue: Acta medica portuguesa
Year: 2013

The rat is probably the animal species most widely used in experimental studies on nerve repair. The aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the morphology and blood supply of the rat brachial plexus.  Thirty adult rats were studied regarding brachial plexus morphology and blood supply. Intravascular injection and dissection under an operating microscope, as well as light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to define the microanatomy of the rat brachial plexus and its vessels.  The rat brachial plexus was slightly different from the human brachial plexus. The arterial and venous supply to the brachial plexus plexus was derived directly or indirectly from neighboring vessels. These vessels formed dense and interconnected plexuses in the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Several brachial plexus components were accompanied for a relatively long portion of their length by large and constant blood vessels that supplied their epineural plexus, making it possible to raise these nerves as flaps.  The blood supply to the rat brachial plexus is not very different from that reported in humans, making the rat a useful animal model for the experimental study of peripheral nerve pathophysiology and treatment.  Our results support the homology between the rat and the human brachial plexus in terms of morphology and blood supply. This work suggests that several components of the rat brachial plexus can be used as nerve flaps, including predominantly motor, sensory or mixed nerve fibers. This information may facilitate new experimental procedures in this animal model.
Psychopathy and Machiavellianism: A Distinction Without a Difference?
Venue: Journal of personality
Year: 2017

A robust literature has emerged on the Dark Triad (DT) of personality Machiavellianism (MACH) psychopathy, and narcissism. Questions remain as to whether MACH and psychopathy are distinguishable and whether MACH's empirical and theoretical networks are consistent. In Study 1 (N 393; MTurk research participants) factor analyses were used to compare two factor (MACH and psychopathy combined narcissism) and three factor models, with both fitting the data equally well. In Studies 1 and 2 (N 341; undergraduate research participants) DT scores were examined in relation to a variety of external criteria, including self and informant ratings of personality, adverse developmental experiences, and psychopathological symptoms/behaviors. In both studies, MACH and psychopathy manifested nearly identical empirical profiles and both were significantly related to disinhibitory traits thought to be antithetical to MACH. In Study 3 (N 36; expert raters) expert ratings of the Five Factor Model traits prototypical of MACH were collected and compared with empirically derived profiles. Measures of MACH yielded profiles that were inconsistent with the prototypical expert rated profile due to their positive relations with a broad spectrum of impulsivity related traits. Ultimately, measures of psychopathy and MACH appear to be measuring the same construct, and MACH assessments fail to capture the construct as articulated in theoretical descriptions.
Incubation period as part of the case definition of severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus.
Venue: Euro surveillance bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles European communicable disease bulletin
Year: 2012

Non specific symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections make it difficult for many countries without ongoing transmission of a novel coronavirus to rule out other possibilities including influenza before isolating imported febrile individuals with a possible exposure history. The incubation period helps differential diagnosis, and up to two days is suggestive of influenza. It is worth including the incubation period in the case definition of novel coronavirus infection.
Vision du Karate Do: Shotokan Ryu Kase Ha (vols. 5 y 6) Bunkai 3 y 4 [resena del DVD elaborado por Jean Pierre Lavorato, de Imagin Arts Productions en lengua francesa]
Year: 2010

Jean Pierre Lavorato. Imagin Arts Productions. www.imag inarts.tv news@imaginarts.tv DVD 60 min./vol.
Locality Preserving Loss to Align Vector Spaces
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

We present a locality preserving loss (LPL)that improves the alignment between vector space representations (i.e. word or sentence embeddings) while separating (increasing distance between) uncorrelated representations as compared to the standard method that minimizes the mean squared error (MSE) only. The locality preserving loss optimizes the projection by maintaining the local neighborhood of embeddings that are found in the source, in the target domain as well. This reduces the overall size of the dataset required to the train model. We argue that vector space alignment (with MSE and LPL losses) acts as a regularizer in certain language based classification tasks, leading to better accuracy than the base line, especially when the size of the training set is small. We validate the effectiveness ofLPL on a cross lingual word alignment task, a natural language inference task, and a multi lingual inference task.
Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub Saharan Africa
Venue: Entropy
Year: 2020

The International Energy Agency has projected that the total energy demand for electricity in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to rise by an average of 4% per year up to 2040. It implies that ~620 million people are living without electricity in SSA. Going with the 2030 vision of the United Nations that electricity should be accessible to all, it is important that new technology and methods are provided. In comparison to other nations worldwide, smart grid (SG) is an emerging technology in SSA. SG is an information technology enhanced power grid, which provides a two way communication network between energy producers and customers. Also, it includes renewable energy, smart meters, and smart devices that help to manage energy demands and reduce energy generation costs. However, SG is facing inherent difficulties, such as energy theft, lack of trust, security, and privacy issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain based decentralized energy system (BDES) to accelerate rural and urban electrification by improving service delivery while minimizing the cost of generation and addressing historical antipathy and cybersecurity risk within SSA. Additionally, energy insufficiency and fixed pricing schemes may raise concerns in SG, such as the imbalance of order. The paper also introduces a blockchain based energy trading system, which includes price negotiation and incentive mechanisms to address the imbalance of order. Moreover, existing models for energy planning do not consider the effect of fill rate (FR) and service level (SL) A blockchain levelized cost of energy (BLCOE) is proposed as the least cost solution that measures the impact of energy reliability on generation cost using FR and SL. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed model and the least cost option varies with relative energy generation cost of centralized, decentralized and BDES infrastructure. Case studies of Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, and Senegal illustrate situations that are more suitable for BDES. For other SSA countries, BDES can cost effectively service a large population and regions. Additionally, BLCOE reduces energy costs by approximately 95% for battery and 75% for the solar modules. The future BLCOE varies across SSA on an average of about 0.049 /kWh as compared to 0.15 /kWh of an existing system in the literature.
Geochemical and hydrological controls on biannual lamination of tufa deposits
Year: 2009

Fluvial tufa deposits in southwest Japan commonly develop biannual lamination consisting of dense summer layers and porous winter layers, and the clearness of the laminae varies among the sites. The laminae have been largely attributed to a seasonally variable inorganic precipitation rate of calcite. This rate controlled hypothesis was examined by using quantitative data for calcite packing density (CPD) and the precipitation rate of calcite (PWP rate) calculated from water chemistry. The results for four tufa depositing sites in SW Japan show that a positive correlation between CPD and PWP rate becomes less certain with increasing PWP rate. In the temperature realm of SW Japan, tufas develop regular distinct seasonal change in CPD when deposited in water containing Ca values less than 65 mg/l, which results in a relatively low precipitation rate. The CPD of tufa deposits rarely exceeds 65% owing to pore space between fine grained calcite crystals and to porosity derived from decomposed cyanobacteria and other microorganisms. By increasing the Ca content to more than 65 mg/l, the CPD often attains an upper limit and becomes insensitive to seasonal changes in the PWP rate. Therefore, seasonal variations in CPD at sites with a higher Ca content are unclear, as seen in two examples from tropical islands in southern Japan and in one locality in a temperate climate. The flow rate and microbial density on the tufa surface are subordinate factors with respect to the CPD. Seasonal changes in these two factors often enhance the porous/dense contrast of biannual lamination in SW Japan.
What is Normal, What is Strange, and What is Missing in a Knowledge Graph: Unified Characterization via Inductive Summarization
Venue: WWW
Year: 2020

Knowledge graphs (KGs) store highly heterogeneous information about the world in the structure of a graph, and are useful for tasks such as question answering and reasoning. However, they often contain errors and are missing information. Vibrant research in KG refinement has worked to resolve these issues, tailoring techniques to either detect specific types of errors or complete a KG. In this work, we introduce a unified solution to KG characterization by formulating the problem as unsupervised KG summarization with a set of inductive, soft rules, which describe what is normal in a KG, and thus can be used to identify what is abnormal, whether it be strange or missing. Unlike first order logic rules, our rules are labeled, rooted graphs, i.e. patterns that describe the expected neighborhood around a (seen or unseen) node, based on its type, and information in the KG. Stepping away from the traditional support/confidence based rule mining techniques, we propose KGist, Knowledge Graph Inductive SummarizaTion, which learns a summary of inductive rules that best compress the KG according to the Minimum Description Length principle a formulation that we are the first to use in the context of KG rule mining. We apply our rules to three large KGs (NELL, DBpedia, and Yago) and tasks such as compression, various types of error detection, and identification of incomplete information. We show that KGist outperforms task specific, supervised and unsupervised baselines in error detection and incompleteness identification, (identifying the location of up to 93% of missing entities over 10% more than baselines) while also being efficient for large knowledge graphs.
Switch Off fluorescence of 5 amino 2 mercapto benzimidazole with Ag3O4 nanoparticles: Experimental and theoretical investigations
Year: 2016

The binding interaction of 5 amino 2 mercaptobenzimidazole (AMB) with Ag 3 O 4 nanoparticles was studied. AMB adsorbs strongly on the surfaces of nano semiconductor. The interaction of AMB with Ag 3 O 4 was studied by absorption, fluorescence, FT IR, SEM and EDX spectral studies. The Ag 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical route and was characterized by XRD study. Excellent results observed were due to electron transfer between AMB and Ag 3 O 4 nanoparticles. To confirm the binding site of Ag 3 O 4 with AMB, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) study was carried out theoretically. It confirmed the higher electron density at azomethine nitrogen atom. Photo induced electron transfer is responsible for fluorescence quenching of AMB. The interaction between AMB and Ag 3 O 4 occurs through static quenching mechanism. The apparent association constant K app 2.0 x 10 5 M 1 was obtained from the fluorescence quenching data.
Never Give Up: Lesson learned from a severe COVID 19 patient
Venue: Pulmonology
Year: 2020

COVID 19 pandemic is causing major health consequences in affected persons needing hospital admission. Since the first epidemic outbreak in China we have learned that several factors including older age, comorbidities and individual immunological responses to infection may differently address the risk of disease progression and outcome. Moreover, there is now quite a unanimous consensus that mortality rate of critically ill patients with SARS CoV2 pneumonia admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is really considerable and even a slightly higher than that recorded in patients with moderate to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Different attempts using experimental anti viral and/or systemic anti inflammatory drugs have been made to counteract both disease progression and fatal prognosis. Meanwhile, an expert opinion based document was launched in order to address the early management related actions for the individual patient, including the choice of an appropriate setting of care and the timing for non invasive (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) In light of this, we here report the clinical course of a 72 year old Caucasian male (M.A. admitted for SARSCoV2 pneumonia at our University Hospital in Modena on last March 5th. A multidisciplinary medical staff composed of different specialists (infectious diseases, pulmonology,