nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Registered nurse, healthcare support worker, medical staffing levels and mortality in English hospital trusts: a cross sectional study
Venue: BMJ Open
Year: 2016

To examine associations between mortality and registered nurse (RN) staffing in English hospital trusts taking account of medical and healthcare support worker (HCSW) staffing.  Secondary care provided in acute hospital National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England.  Two data sets are examined: Administrative data from 137 NHS acute hospital trusts (staffing measured as beds per staff member) A cross sectional survey of 2917 registered nurses in a subsample of 31 trusts (measured patients per ward nurse) Outcome measure Risk adjusted mortality rates for adult patients (administrative data) Results For medical admissions, higher mortality was associated with more occupied beds per RN (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.43, p=0.02) and per doctor (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15, p <0.01) employed by the trust whereas, lower HCSW staffing was associated with lower mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.00, p=0.04) In multivariable models the relationship was statistically significant for doctors (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.15, p=0.02) and HCSWs (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98, p<01) but not RNs (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.38, p=0.17) Trusts with an average of =6 patients per RN in medical wards had a 20% lower mortality rate compared to trusts with >10 patients per nurse (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85, p<0.01) The relationship remained significant in the multivariable model (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.95, p<0.01) Results for surgical wards/admissions followed a similar pattern but with fewer significant results.  Ward based RN staffing is significantly associated with reduced mortality for medical patients. There is little evidence for beneficial associations with HCSW staffing. Higher doctor staffing levels is associated with reduced mortality. The estimated association between RN staffing and mortality changes when medical and HCSW staffing is considered and depending on whether ward or trust wide staffing levels are considered.
Pledgeability and Asset Prices: Evidence from the Chinese Corporate Bond Markets
Year: 2019

We provide causal evidence for the value of asset pledgeability. Our empirical strategy is based on a unique feature of the Chinese corporate bond markets, where bonds with identical fundamentals are simultaneously traded on two segmented markets that feature different rules for repo transactions. We utilize a policy shock on December 8, 2014, which rendered a class of AA+ and AA bonds ineligible for repo on one of the two markets. By comparing how bond prices changed across markets and rating classes around this event, we estimate that an increase in the haircut from 0 to 100% would result in an increase in bond yields in the range of 40 to 83 bps. These estimates help us infer the magnitude of the shadow cost of capital in China.
The synthetic technical development of oseltamivir phosphate Tamiflu(tm) A race against time
Year: 2007

The clinical development of the first orally available neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu(tm) proceeded very fast. In order to support this program an unprecedented team effort in chemical process research, development, piloting, production and analytics took place, which allowed the successful launch of Tamiflu(tm) in 1999, only two and a half years after it was licensed from Gilead Sciences. This article describes selected aspects of the commercially used synthesis route and a brief summary of alternative syntheses devised by Roche chemists.
Montessori Meets British Columbia's New Curriculum: Incorporating Montessori Principles into Public School Classrooms
Year: 2019

At a time in which technology is both pivotal and ever changing, the need for students to become independent and passionate learners has never been more important. With the unveiling of British Columbia's new curriculum, it has become evident that preparing students for a future riddled with constant change, instant communication, and immediate information is paramount. As such, the redesigned curriculum focuses on personalized learning, flexible learning environments, and inquiry based learning as just a few of its cornerstones. Ironically, Maria Montessori recognized these same needs over one hundred years ago. This paper is intended to provide insight as to the parallels between BC's new curriculum and the Montessori approach. As we move towards classrooms rich in both learning experiences and pedagogy, it is hoped that educators interested in the Montessori approach may implement some of the ideas within this document.
PHRASEOLOGY DISCOURSE IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERaEUR(tm)S COMMUNICATION
Year: 2019

This writing deals with the types of phraseology in air traffic controlleraEUR(tm)s communication. The objective of this writing is to find out the types of phraseology used in communication between ATC of KNIA and pilot. The source of this writing is an air traffic controller of KNIA. The data of this writing are the communication between controller and pilot which spoken in statements or commands called phraseology (words and phrases) Descriptive qualitative method is applied as a qualitative design in conducting this research. The instrument of data collection is voice recorder to record the data.  phraseology, air traffic controller, communication
Effects on sitting pressure distribution during the application of different cushions and anterior height wedges
Venue: Journal of physical therapy science
Year: 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate interface pressure redistribution in healthy volunteers when applying different cushions and anterior wedge heights.  This study included 36 healthy individuals in their 20s. The peak and mean pressures were measured by applying different cushions and anterior wedge heights. The results were analyzed by using a one way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis.  The peak and mean pressures were statistically significant based on the cushion types and anterior wedge height. The peak pressure was at its highest and lowest when sitting on a 6 cm anterior wedge and a foam cushion, respectively. The mean pressure was greatest when sitting on a 6 cm anterior wedge of a firm surface and smallest when sitting on a 5 cm foam cushion.  This study shows that the most effective method for pressure redistribution was sitting on a 5 cm foam cushion without an anterior wedge.
Governance and Public Policy Challenges in Managing Disruptive and Innovative Technologies
Year: 2019

This chapter is an effort to promote and guide thinking about the global and local challenges in how governments respond to innovative and disruptive projects and technologies. The chapter is based on the considerations of and concerns regarding the challenges and changes that we face on a global scale and how it impacts on the notion and need for innovation. Not all inventions or innovations are disruptive or serve the interest of the public at large, and some even may have serious harmful consequences or impacts. These may be unforeseen or sometimes deliberately obscured and perhaps just serve the narrow interests of profiteers. Governments are required to consider their roles and plan to be responsible and proactive to ensure that the best interests of both the business and public sector are pursued for the purposes of long term sustainability. Governance and Public Policy Challenges in Managing Disruptive and Innovative Technologies
Saw palmetto
Venue: Reactions Weekly
Year: 2017

Saw palmetto is a small palm tree native to the eastern United States. Its fruit was used medicinally by the Seminole Tribe of Florida. Saw palmetto is used as a traditional or folk remedy for urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate gland (also called benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH) as well as for chronic pelvic pain, bladder disorders, decreased sex drive, hair loss, hormone imbalances, and prostate cancer.
Sleep bruxism and its associations with insomnia and OSA in the general population of Sao Paulo.
Venue: Sleep medicine
Year: 2020

Sleep bruxism (SB) is characterized by recurrent masticatory muscle activity during sleep with occasional tooth grinding. SB can be concomitant with sleep apnea although its association with insomnia is understudied.  Assess the strength of the associations between SB, insomnia and sleep apnea in a general population.  Data from the 2007 EPISONO general population study (n 1042; Sao Paulo, Brazil) were reused for the present analyses. The data was collected from polysomnography (PSG) and from a questionnaire. SB could only be assessed as "possible" with self report questionnaires, but as "definitive" with both self reports and PSG. Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were performed.  Logistic regression analyses revealed that being male, overweight, obese, having an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) above 30 and insomnia syndrome are among risk factors for SB (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.5 3.3) A high AHI and insomnia syndrome had similar PRs, 2.7 and 2.8, respectively. Decision tree analysis showed that insomnia syndrome contributed to the predictive accuracy of SB self report (88% A similar estimate (91% was observed with SB PSG data. Correspondence analysis illustrated three age profiles in participants: (1) good sleepers aged 20 35 years, (2) females aged 35 50 years with SB and concomitant insomnia syndrome, and (3) participants aged 50 years with obesity and sleep apnea.  Insomnia is likely a condition associated with SB, especially in middle age females, while sleep apnea seems age and gender dependent. Such overlap may influence the treatment decision to achieve best outcomes.
Hunting the Red Fox Online: Understanding and Detection of Mass Redirect Script Injections
Venue: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Year: 2014

Compromised websites that redirect web traffic to malicious hosts play a critical role in organized web crimes, serving as doorways to all kinds of malicious web activities (e.g. drive by downloads, phishing etc. They are also among the most elusive components of a malicious web infrastructure and extremely difficult to hunt down, due to the simplicity of redirect operations, which also happen on legitimate sites, and extensive use of cloaking techniques. Making the detection even more challenging is the recent trend of injecting redirect scripts into JavaScript (JS) files, as those files are not indexed by search engines and their infections are therefore more difficult to catch. In our research, we look at the problem from a unique angle: the adversary's strategy and constraints for deploying redirect scripts quickly and stealthily. Specifically, we found that such scripts are often blindly injected into both JS and HTML files for a rapid deployment, changes to the infected JS files are often made minimum to evade detection and also many JS files are actually JS libraries (JS libs) whose uninfected versions are publicly available. Based upon those observations, we developed JsRED, a new technique for the automatic detection of unknown redirect script injections. Our approach analyzes the difference between a suspicious JS lib file and its clean counterpart to identify malicious redirect scripts and further searches for similar scripts in other JS and HTML files. This simple, lightweight approach is found to work effectively against redirect injection campaigns: our evaluation shows that JsRED captured most of compromised websites with almost no false positives, significantly outperforming a commercial detection service in terms of finding unknown JS infections. Based upon the compromised websites reported by JsRED, we further conducted a measurement study that reveals interesting features of redirect payloads and a new Peer to Peer network the adversary constructed to evade detection.
Bupivacaine irrigation of the gallbladder bed is effective in postoperative pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Year: 2020

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, one of the most common operations performed by surgeons is now considered the gold standard of therapy for symptomatic cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis. The administration of local anesthetic, bupivacaine can be helpful in reducing the negative effect of postoperative pain after gall bladder surgery.  To evaluate the post operative pain in laparascopic cholecystectomy patients using bupivacaine irrigation over gallbladder surgical bed.  A randomized control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with sample size of 170 patients, aged between 30 50 years. The patients were divided into two Groups A Saline, B 0.5 Bupivacaine irrigation; 85 patients in each group underwent elective and emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain was assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours by using a visual analog scale (VAS) Statistical analysis was performed using a 2 tailed t test and chi square analysis; significance was determined as P<.05.  Compared to group A, group B had better postoperative pain relief in the first twenty four hours with no complications.  Gall bladder bed irrigation with 0.5% Bupivacaine is safe and effective method of reducing postoperative pain for cholecystectomy.
Human perivascular stem cell derived extracellular vesicles mediate bone repair
Venue: eLife
Year: 2019

The vascular wall is a source of progenitor cells that are able to induce skeletal repair, primarily by paracrine mechanisms. Here, the paracrine role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone healing was investigated. First, purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were observed to induce mitogenic, pro migratory, and pro osteogenic effects on osteoprogenitor cells while in non contact co culture via elaboration of EVs. PSC derived EVs shared mitogenic, pro migratory, and pro osteogenic properties of their parent cell. PSC EV effects were dependent on surface associated tetraspanins, as demonstrated by EV trypsinization, or neutralizing antibodies for CD9 or CD81. Moreover, shRNA knockdown in recipient cells demonstrated requirement for the CD9/CD81 binding partners IGSF8 and PTGFRN for EV bioactivity. Finally, PSC EVs stimulated bone repair, and did so via stimulation of skeletal cell proliferation, migration, and osteodifferentiation. In sum, PSC EVs mediate the same tissue repair effects of perivascular stem cells, and represent an 'off the shelf' alternative for bone tissue regeneration.
Automatically Generating Test Templates from Test Names (N)
Venue: 2015 30th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)
Year: 2015

Existing specification based testing techniques require specifications that either do not exist or are too difficult to create. As a result, they often fall short of their goal of helping developers test expected behaviors. In this paper we present a novel, natural language based approach that exploits the descriptive nature of test names to generate test templates. Similar to how modern IDEs simplify development by providing templates for common constructs such as loops, test templates can save time and lower the cognitive barrier for writing tests. The results of our evaluation show that the approach is feasible: despite the difficulty of the task, when test names contain a sufficient amount of information, the approach's accuracy is over 80% when parsing the relevant information from the test name and generating the template.
Mining Human Mobility from Social Media to support Urban Computing Applications
Venue: 2019 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)
Year: 2019

Analysis of people trajectories is key for implementing effective urban computing applications. Nowadays, social media represent one of the main sources of information concerning human dynamics within urban context, allowing to enhance the comprehension of people behaviour, including human mobility regularities. The paper presents an approach to predict human mobility by exploiting Twitter data. The prediction method is based on a hybrid approach combining frequent pattern mining, trajectory similarity and supervised classification. The trajectory pattern similarity allows to identify the more suitable historic patterns to exploit for the prediction of the user next location. If none of the patterns satisfies the similarity threshold, a set of spatio temporal features characterizing locations and movements among them are combined into a supervised learning approach based on M5 model trees. The experimental results obtained by using a real world dataset show that the proposed method is effective in predicting the user's next places achieving a remarkable accuracy and prediction rate.
A Novel Probabilistic Contrast Based Complex Salient Object Detection
Venue: Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Year: 2019

Saliency computation has wide applications. It is now being used in almost all vision related applications. But, identifying saliency is still a problem. Various computational models have been proposed for identifying saliency. Global contrast based method is used extensively. This method computes the contrast by measuring the color difference between image and specified region. It produces saliency with non salient points, but, in the process, it loses some structural and spatial information. To address these limitations, the proposed method, i.e. Poisson based probabilistic contrast, produces saliency with the concave topographical surface. This surface encloses the prominent object with all its structural and spatial information, or with all the salient features. Then, it is used as a reference plane for regional depth, color and spatial saliency integration. The proposed method has three stages. In the first stage, a probabilistic contrast is computed using Poisson based maximum likelihood estimation by addition of chrominance and luminance contrast. The luminance contrast is normalized by proposed "enhance and suppress luminance method." In the second stage, the regional color, depth, and spatial saliencies are integrated into the topographical surface to enhance the saliency. In the third and last stages, i.e. saliency enhancement stage, central saliency is used on global color distinction. The proposed method is evaluated on the publicly available datasets. Their performance is compared with 12 state of the art methods. The experimental result presented here shows that the proposed method performs better.
Task Based Technology: Portuguese Language Teaching Practices
Year: 2020

As part of a PhD investigation, this presentation aims to reveal the findings on Portuguese as a Non Native Language (PNNL) teaching practice when using technology to implement other language approaches such as TaskBased Language Teaching (TBLT) A mixed research was developed to explain if there was a relation between technology use and the implementation of different language methods and teaching strategies, and also holistic task development. Data was gathered from 101 PNNL teachers, with working experience in and out of Portugal. The results provided evidence that technology was not being used to engage students in active learning and holistic tasks, as TBLT sustains, nor was it being used to develop different language methods and teaching strategies. It has been concluded that PNNL teachers were not using technology in their teaching practice to better implement other language methods, such as TBLT.
Carotid wall volume quantification from magnetic resonance images using deformable model fitting and learning based correction of systematic errors.
Venue: Physics in medicine and biology
Year: 2013

We present a method for carotid vessel wall volume quantification from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) The method combines lumen and outer wall segmentation based on deformable model fitting with a learning based segmentation correction step. After selecting two initialization points, the vessel wall volume in a region around the bifurcation is automatically determined. The method was trained on eight datasets (16 carotids) from a population based study in the elderly for which one observer manually annotated both the lumen and outer wall. An evaluation was carried out on a separate set of 19 datasets (38 carotids) from the same study for which two observers made annotations. Wall volume and normalized wall index measurements resulting from the manual annotations were compared to the automatic measurements. Our experiments show that the automatic method performs comparably to the manual measurements. All image data and annotations used in this study together with the measurements are made available through the website http:/ergocar.bigr.nl.
Detection of Cyberbullying on Social Media Using Machine learning
Venue: 2021 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC)
Year: 2021

Cyberbullying is a major problem encountered on internet that affects teenagers and also adults. It has lead to mishappenings like suicide and depression. Regulation of content on Social media platorms has become a growing need. The following study uses data from two different forms of cyberbullying, hate speech tweets from Twittter and comments based on personal attacks from Wikipedia forums to build a model based on detection of Cyberbullying in text data using Natural Language Processing and Machine learning. Three methods for Feature extraction and four classifiers are studied to outline the best approach. For Tweet data the model provides accuracies above 90% and for Wikipedia data it gives accuracies above 80%
Recent Advances in Niobium Based Materials for Photocatalytic Solar Fuel Production
Year: 2020

The search for renewable and clean energy sources is a key aspect for sustainable development as energy consumption has continuously increased over the years concomitantly with environmental concerns caused by the use of fossil fuels. Semiconductor materials have great potential for acting as photocatalysts for solar fuel production, a potential energy source able to solve both energy and environmental concerns. Among the studied semiconductor materials, those based on niobium pentacation are still shallowly explored, although the number of publications and patents on Nb(V) based photocatalysts has increased in the last years. A large variety of Nb(V) based materials exhibit suitable electronic/morphological properties for light driving reactions. Not only the extensive group of Nb2O5 polymorphs is explored, but also many types of layered niobates, mixed oxides, and Nb(V) doped semiconductors. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to provide a review of the latest developments of niobium based photocatalysts for energy conversion into fuels, more specifically, CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons or H2 eVolution from water. Additionally, the main strategies for improving the photocatalytic performance of niobium based materials are discussed.
Apprends moi a faire seul La pedagogie Montessori expliquee aux parents Focus 3 6 ans Ed. 2
Year: 2016

La pedagogie Montessori favorise la confiance en soi et l'autonomie, offrant la possibilite a l'enfant d'avancer a son rythme en choisissant ses activites. Il s'agit avant tout d'un etat d'esprit qui ne considere pas l'enfant comme un adulte en devenir, que l'on modele, mais comme une personne a part entiere, que l'on accompagne, en la respectant profondement. Ce livre presente la pedagogie Montessori son historique, sa theorie et sa pratique, a l'ecole comme a la maison, clairement et simplement. Educatrice Montessori, Charlotte Poussin partage son experience pour vous aider a comprendre et a vivre la pedagogie Montessori avec votre enfant. Prendre conscience de l'importance de notre attitude d'educateur afin d'incarner ce que nous souhaitons transmettre, placer l'enfant au centre de la reflexion sur l'education, mettre l'accent sur l'observation, la communication et la bienveillance afin d'accompagner l'enfant sur le chemin de l'epanouissement. La nouvelle edition de cet ouvrage best seller, entierement actualisee, s'enrichit de 20 nouvelles activites detaillees et illustrees, a faire avec votre enfant a la maison.