nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptable feature selecting and threshold moving complete autoencoder for DDoS flood attack mitigation
Venue: J. Inf. Secur. Appl.
Year: 2020

DDoS attacks remain one of the top cyber threats targeting the financial, health care, retail, gaming, and political sectors, which affects Internet service disruption, data or monetary loss. Security experts have predicted that the development of 5G technology will increase the frequency and the vector of DDoS attacks. Moreover, enhanced DDoS attack technology utilises artificial intelligence  which will escalate the level of difficulty to identify malicious traffic correctly to mitigate the attack effectively. The Internet service provider (ISP) is the connector between the users and the Internet. Deploying DDoS mitigation systems within the ISP domain can offer an efficient solution. Therefore, we propose a dynamic learning system (DLS) for the ISP. The DLS is an unsupervised ensemble model using the Complete Autoencoder (CA) as base learners to classify network traffic. The utmost difference between the CA and the regular Autoencoder is that the CA exploits the imbalanced characteristic of the attack data to generate a binary classification via a class switch. When the predicted number of normal IP addresses is over 50% of the total IP addresses, the CA swaps the class of the IP addresses. The CA is directed by a reference object (RO) which is either a reference limit or the mean of a reference error function R L 1 to furnish the automation to the DLS. The DLS was trained with a TCP ICMP flood attack and tested with a UDP TCP and a UDP TCP ICMP flood attack data set. The average Recall, Precision and F1 Score are all above 0.97. Additionally, the DLS outperformed the K means and the Self Organising Map models on a UDP flood attack data set.
Impact of Reed Solomon forward error correction code in enhancing performance of free space optical communication link
Venue: Optical Engineering Applications
Year: 2020

The technological development in the field of optical communication has nearly addressed the concern for availability of bandwidth at higher data rates to meet the user requirement. The high speed multimedia applications have put an impetus for seamless transmission and reception of error free data at desired bit rates. The presence of recurring inherent errors in data transmission and processing makes Free Space Optical (FSO) communication susceptible to errors and loss of information. For efficient communication and effective service delivery in FSO, the mechanism for detecting errors and then correcting them has to be evolved. In this research work, we have focused on the application of Reed Solomon (RS) codes over the finite Galois field (GF) for detecting and correcting maximum received errors. The RS (n, k, dmin) code scheme is applied to the designed FSO link by taking the data bits (k) 239, 223, 191 and 127, code length (n) 255 with a code rate (R) 14/15, 7/8, 3/4 and 1/2 under the influence of moderate to strong turbulences and weather conditions. The proposed FSO system has been modeled using the Modified Gamma Gamma model and the performance is evaluated for Bit Error Rate (BER) number of errors corrected and Geometric path losses as a function of link distance with and without the application of RS codes. The designed FSO system with RS code rate=1/2 performs optimally and shows an improvement of 8dB in coding gain as compared to the conventional FSO system. The geometric path losses have reduced from 8.76dB to 28.04dB along with maximum possible error correction of 399 errors in the transmitted data frame for the link distance ranging from 500m to 5km.
Random survival forests
Year: 2008

We introduce random survival forests, a random forests method for the analysis of right censored survival data. New survival splitting rules for growing survival trees are introduced, as is a new missing data algorithm for imputing missing data. A conservation of events principle for survival forests is introduced and used to define ensemble mortality, a simple interpretable measure of mortality that can be used as a predicted outcome. Several illustrative examples are given, including a case study of the prognostic implications of body mass for individuals with coronary artery disease. Computations for all examples were implemented using the freely available R software package, randomSurvivalForest.
Multilocus sequence typing of Cronobacter spp. from powdered infant formula and milk powder production factories
Year: 2013

This study applied the Cronobacter spp. multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to three strain collections, then known as Enterobacter sakazakii, which had been isolated between 1988 and 2009 from 14 countries. The results revealed the predominance (85% of Cronobacter sakazakii (72 strains) in all three collections. The remaining strains were Cronobacter turicensis (10% Cronobacter malonaticus (4% and Cronobacter muytjensii (1% No strains of Cronobacter dublinensis, Cronobacter universalis or Cronobacter condimenti were identified. Twenty one out of seventy two C. sakazakii strains were in the clinically significant ST4 clonal complex, and were found in all three strain collections. These results confirm C. sakazakii ST4 is one of the predominant clonal complexes over the past 20 years in several parts of the world. Further understanding of the ecosystem and sources of the organism may be used for the development of improved intervention strategies in the diary industry.
Towards a Taxonomy of Idea Generation Techniques
Year: 2019

Business organizations often need to manage creative work. An important way of promoting creative work is to use idea generation techniques (IGTs) Numerous IGTs have been developed, and choosing from such a big pool of candidates can be demanding, which is further complicated by the elusiveness of the mechanisms of these IGTs. This study aims at developing a taxonomy for IGTs based on their underlying mechanisms of supporting ideation. First, the current literature for the classification of IGTs is reviewed. Then some related creativity theories are consulted and a new classification system is proposed based on these theories and previous studies. Eighty seven IGTs are classified according to the system. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
A Neural Representation of Naturalistic Motion Guided Behavior in the Zebrafish Brain
Venue: Current Biology
Year: 2020

All animals must transform ambiguous sensory data into successful behavior. This requires sensory representations that accurately reflect the statistics of natural stimuli and behavior. Multiple studies show that visual motion processing is tuned for accuracy under naturalistic conditions, but the sensorimotor circuits extracting these cues and implementing motion guided behavior remain unclear. Here we show that the larval zebrafish retina extracts a diversity of naturalistic motion cues, and the retinorecipient pretectum organizes these cues around the elements of behavior. We find that higher order motion stimuli, gliders, induce optomotor behavior matching expectations from natural scene analyses. We then image activity of retinal ganglion cell terminals and pretectal neurons. The retina exhibits direction selective responses across glider stimuli, and anatomically clustered pretectal neurons respond with magnitudes matching behavior. Peripheral computations thus reflect natural input statistics, whereas central brain activity precisely codes information needed for behavior. This general principle could organize sensorimotor transformations across animal species.
Effects of JS K, a novel anti cancer nitric oxide prodrug, on gene expression in human hepatoma Hep3B cells.
Venue: Biomedicine pharmacotherapy Biomedecine pharmacotherapie
Year: 2017

JS K is a novel anticancer nitric oxide (NO) prodrug effective against a variety of cancer cells, including the inhibition of AM 1 hepatoma cell growth in rats. To further evaluate anticancer effects of JS K, human hepatoma Hep3B cells were treated with JS K and the compound control JS 43 126 at various concentrations (0 100mM) for 24h, and cytotoxicity was determined by the MTS assay. The compound control JS 43 126 was not cytotoxic to Hep3B cells at concentrations up to 100mM, while the LC50 for JS K was about 10mM. To examine the molecular mechanisms of antitumor effects of JS K, Hep3B cells were treated with 1 10mM of JS K for 24h, and then subjected to gene expression analysis via real time RT PCR and protein immunostain via confocal images. JS K is a GST a targeting NO prodrug, and decreased immunostaining for GST a was associated with JS K treatment. JS K activated apoptosis pathways in Hep3B cells, including induction of caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, TNF a, and IL 1b, and immunostaining for caspase 3 was intensified. The expressions of thrombospondin 1 (TSP 1) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1) were increased by JS K at both transcript and protein levels. JS K treatment also increased the expression of differentiation related genes CD14 and CD11b, and depressed the expression of c myc in Hep3B cells. Thus, multiple molecular events appear to be associated with anticancer effects of JS K in human hepatoma Hep3B cells, including activation of genes related to apoptosis and induction of genes involved in antiangiogenesis and tumor cell migration.
Macronutrient intake and type 2 diabetes risk in middle aged Australian women. Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health
Venue: Public Health Nutrition
Year: 2013

To investigate the association between macronutrient intake and type 2 diabetes risk in middle aged Australian women.  A prospective cohort study, with 6 years (2002 2007) of follow up. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated FFQ. Relative risks with 95 confidence intervals were used to examine risk associations.  Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, Australia. Subjects Australian women (n 8370) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health aged 45 50 years and free of type 2 diabetes at baseline.  After 6 years of follow up, 311 women developed type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and other dietary risk factors, MUFA, total n 3 PUFA, a linolenic acid and total n 6 PUFA intakes were positively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The relative risks for type 2 diabetes for the highest compared with the lowest quintiles were 1*64 (95 CI 1*06, 2*54) P 0*04 for MUFA; 1*55 (95 CI 1*03, 2*32) P 0*01 for n 3 PUFA; 1*84 (95 CI 1*25, 2*71) P 0*01 for a linolenic acid; and 1*60 (95 CI 1*03, 2*48) P 0*04 for n 6 PUFA. Other dietary macronutrients were not significantly associated with diabetes risk.  The data indicate that consumption of MUFA, n 3 PUFA and n 6 PUFA may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging Tractography Based Parcellation of the Human Lateral Premotor Cortex Identifies Dorsal and Ventral Subregions with Anatomical and Functional Specializations
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Year: 2007

Lateral premotor cortex (PM) in the macaque monkey can be segregated into structurally and functionally distinct subregions, including a major division between dorsal (PMd) and ventral (PMv) parts, which have distinct cytoarchitecture, function, and patterns of connectivity with both frontal and parietal cortical areas. The borders of their subregions are less well defined in the human brain. Here we use diffusion tractography to identify a reproducible border between dorsal and ventral subregions of human precentral gyrus. We derive connectivity fingerprints for the two subregions and demonstrate that each has a distinctive pattern of connectivity with frontal cortex and lateral parietal cortex, suggesting that these areas correspond to human PMd and PMv. Although putative human PMd has a high probability of connection with the superior parietal lobule, dorsal prefrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex, human PMv has a higher probability of connection with the anterior inferior parietal lobule and ventral prefrontal cortex. Finally, we assess the correspondence between our PMd/PMv border and local sulcal and functional anatomy. The location of the border falls at the level of the gyral branch that divides the inferior precentral sulcus from the superior precentral sulcus and corresponded closely to the location of a functional border defined using previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.
2019 Antitrust Annual Report: Class Action Filings in Federal Court
Year: 2020

Last year, we provided an empirical analysis of private antitrust class action lawsuits and their resolutions in federal court from 2013 through 2018 (the 2018 Private Antitrust Enforcement Report) This Report (the 2019 Private Antitrust Enforcement Report) expands on that analysis significantly. It extends the period under consideration to include the years 2009 through 2019 and addresses new issues. To be sure, in part it revisits the same topics, including the number of antitrust class action complaints that are filed each year, the amount of time they took on average to reach a settlement, the mean and median recoveries, the attorneys' fees and costs awarded, and the total settlement amounts in each year and overall. The 2019 Private Antitrust Enforcement Report also analyzes the law firms that represented plaintiffs and defendants in antitrust class action settlements, describes cumulative results, and tabulates cumulative totals for claims administrators involved in the settlement process. The report also addresses new issues, such as distinguishing private antitrust enforcement by particular industries, by type of claim conspiracy claims (under Section 1 of the Sherman Act) as opposed to claims based on unilateral conduct (Section 2 of the Sherman Act) and by type of plaintiff whether claims were brought on behalf of direct or indirect purchasers. The plan is to continue providing similar information on an annual basis. We hope that these reports will prove of interest to the academy and the public and private sectors, and that the data they analyze will provide a firmer empirical basis than would otherwise be possible for private decisions and for public policy discussions and actions related to enforcement of the antitrust laws through private class actions.
La nutricion de yodo en Espana. Necesidades para el futuro
Year: 2020

Although iodine nutrition in Spain has improved in recent years, the problem is not completely resolved. It is necessary that health institutions establish measures to ensure an adequate iodine nutrition of the population, especially among the highest risk groups (children and adolescents, women of childbearing age, pregnant women and nursing mothers) A low salt intake should be advised, but it should be iodized. It is also imperative that food control agencies establish effective control over adequate iodization of salt. Indicators on iodine nutrition should be included in future health surveys. The EUthyroid study and the Krakow Declaration on iodine nutrition provide an opportunity to set up a pan European plan for the prevention of iodine deficiency that should be considered and used by health authorities.
System for Medical Mask Detection in the Operating Room Through Facial Attributes
Venue: IbPRIA
Year: 2015

This paper introduces a system that detects the presence or absence of the mandatory medical mask in the operating room. The overall objective is to have as few false positive face detections as possible without losing mask detections in order to trigger alarms only for healthcare personnel who do not wear the surgical mask. The medical mask detection is performed with two face detectors; one of them for the face itself, and the other one for the medical mask. Both detectors run color processing in order to enhance the true positives to false positives ratio. The proposed system renders a recall above 95 with a false positive rate below 5 for the detection of faces and surgical masks. The system provides real time image processing, reaching 10 fps on VGA resolution when processing the whole image. The Mixture of Gaussians technique for background subtraction increases the performance up to 20 fps on VGA images. VGA resolution allows for face or mask detection up to 5 m from the camera.
Social perception: relationships with general intelligence, working memory, processing speed, visual spatial ability, and verbal comprehension
Year: 2020

Social perception is important because it can affect the way intelligence is expressed during social interactions at school, home, and work. This study (N 800) of adolescents and adults (age range 16 91) examined which specific aspects of intelligence are associated with social perception (a composite of affect labelling, linking prosody to facial expressions, and interpreting the intent of a speaker) Women scored higher on social perception than men. Verbal comprehension (VC) perceptual reasoning (PR) working memory (WM) and processing speed (PS) accounted for 20% of the social perception variation, significantly (p .05) more than did Full Scale IQ alone. VC had the largest effect on social perception, followed by PS and PR. WM had a non significant effect on social perception. Implications for theory and research on intelligence and emotional intelligence are discussed along with implications for educational practice.
Data driven Software Testing for Agile Development
Year: 2011

Automated comprehensive testing of software functionality, especially GUI, conventionally requires extensive scripting for the Testing Tool. Agile development being dynamic with multiple changes in specifications, poses major challenges for the Testing to keep pace, making it arduous and time consuming. For software with complex GUI, comprehensive test coverage is very difficult. This paper presents a Workbench that is Testing Tool neutral, and that neatly addresses the demands of re testing with changing software specs; creating extensive test cases with mere mock ups; accommodating new or modified GUI features; and re using test cases across similar software products. The Workbench integrates TestComplete TM with Microsoft(r) Excel(r) for storing test scenarios collections of sophisticated test cases in pre defined structure. This approach accommodates testing of growing or changing feature combinations with a relatively small effort of defining the test parameters. The workbench, in active use over several release cycles is now being extended to QC numeric results of algorithmic engines. 1. AUTOMATED SOFTWARE TESTING
Multi Agent Trust Region Policy Optimization
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

We extend trust region policy optimization (TRPO) to multi agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. We show that the policy update of TRPO can be transformed into a distributed consensus optimization problem for multi agent cases. By making a series of approximations to the consensus optimization model, we propose a decentralized MARL algorithm, which we call multi agent TRPO (MATRPO) This algorithm can optimize distributed policies based on local observations and private rewards. The agents do not need to know observations, rewards, policies or value/action value functions of other agents. The agents only share a likelihood ratio with their neighbors during the training process. The algorithm is fully decentralized and privacy preserving. Our experiments on two cooperative games demonstrate its robust performance on complicated MARL tasks.
Survey on secure search over encrypted data on the cloud
Venue: Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp.
Year: 2019

Cloud computing has become a potential resource for businesses and individuals to outsource their data to remote but highly accessible servers. However, the potential of cloud services has not been fully realized due to users concerns about data privacy and security. User side encryption techniques can be employed to mitigate the security concerns, but once the data is encrypted, no processing (eg, searching) can be performed on the outsourced data. Searchable Encryption (SE) techniques have been widely studied to enable searching on the data while they are encrypted. These techniques enable various types of search on the encrypted data and offer different levels of security. While these techniques enable different search types and vary in details, they share similarities in their components and architectures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on different secure search techniques, a high level architecture for these systems, and an analysis of their performance and security level.
THE EFFECT OF AIR GAP DISTANCE VARIATION BETWEEN STATOR AND ROTOR IN PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR WITH LOW ROTATION MULTI DISC AXIAL FLUX
Year: 2020

This axial flux permanent magnet generator was designed in low speed multi disc using two stator discs and three rotor discs, wherein each rotor disc contained ten poles of Neodynium type permanent magnet and each stator had ten coils, in order to be able to produce 600 rpm generator rotation. The voltage prepared in each stator phase output would later be connected in series or parallel circuit for testing. This generator was tested with variations of air gap between different rotors and stators. There were four variations of air gap which were 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm and each of them were connected to stator circuit in series. The test results with an air gap of 2 mm generated voltage of 59 Volt AC, an air gap of 3 mm generated a voltage of 53.7 Volt AC, an air gap of 4 mm generated a voltage of 49.6 Volt AC, an air gap of 5 mm generated a voltage of 48.5 Volt AC. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the gap of the air gap was inversely proportional to the output voltage, the greater the value of the air gap that was applied, the smaller the voltage generator output was generated.
Age Specific Reference Ranges for Serum Prostate Specific Antigen in Puerto Rican Men with Proven Prostate Cancer.
Venue: Puerto Rico health sciences journal
Year: 2019

The purpose of this research was to carry out a statistical study (the first such) of prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in Puerto Rican men (including residents of Puerto Rico not born on the island) with proven prostate cancer (PC) We also sought to propose new age specific PSA reference ranges to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of PC.  In order to address our objectives, a PSA statistical analysis of 16,305 Puerto Rican men (from 2004 2012) with proven PC was carried out.  PSA statistical central measures and variability were determined. For instance, the mean, median, mode, index of dispersion (ID) and interquartile range (IQR) had the values 16.9 ng/mL, 7.2 ng/mL, 4.5 ng/mL, 3.1 ng/mL, and 11.3 ng/mL, respectively. The ID values suggest significant PSA data variability, and the IQR values show that the PSA data are over dispersed. We found the median age specific PSA reference ranges and confidence interval (CI) for all Puerto Rican men with proven PC. Also, we obtained the median PSA level and CI of Puerto Rican men with proven PC in 2 ranges (0<PSA<4 ng/mL) and (4 ng/mL<PSA<98 ng/mL)  The main objectives of this research were achieved. First, a statistical study of PSA levels in Puerto Rican men with proven PC was conducted. Second, 2 new age specific PSA reference ranges were obtained in order to improve decision making and medical treatment in PC.