nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Task Based Taxonomy of Cognitive Biases for Information Visualization
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Year: 2020

Information visualization designers strive to design data displays that allow for efficient exploration, analysis, and communication of patterns in data, leading to informed decisions. Unfortunately, human judgment and decision making are imperfect and often plagued by cognitive biases. There is limited empirical research documenting how these biases affect visual data analysis activities. Existing taxonomies are organized by cognitive theories that are hard to associate with visualization tasks. Based on a survey of the literature we propose a task based taxonomy of 154 cognitive biases organized in 7 main categories. We hope the taxonomy will help visualization researchers relate their design to the corresponding possible biases, and lead to new research that detects and addresses biased judgment and decision making in data visualization.
Effects of oncological care pathways in primary and secondary care on patient, professional, and health systems outcomes: protocol for a systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: Systematic Reviews
Year: 2018

BackgroundThe high impact of a cancer diagnosis on patients and their families and the increasing costs of cancer treatment call for optimal and efficient oncological care. To improve the quality of care and to minimize healthcare costs and its economic burden, many healthcare organizations introduce care pathways to improve efficiency across the continuum of cancer care. However, there is limited research on the effects of cancer care pathways in different settings.MethodsThe aim of this systematic review and meta analysis described in this protocol is to synthesize existing literature on the effects of oncological care pathways. We will conduct a systematic search strategy to identify all relevant literature in several biomedical databases, including Cochrane library, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. We will follow the methodology of Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) and we will include randomized trials, non randomized trials, controlled before after studies, and interrupted time series studies. In addition, we will include full economic evaluations (cost effectiveness analyses, cost utility analyses, and cost benefit analyses) cost analyses, and comparative resource utilization studies, if available. Two reviewers will independently screen all studies and evaluate those included for risk of bias. From these studies, we will extract data regarding patient, professional, and health systems outcomes. Our systematic review will follow the PRISMA set of items for reporting in systematic reviews and meta analyses.DiscussionFollowing the protocol outlined in this article, we aim to identify, assess, and synthesize all available evidence in order to provide an evidence base on the effects of oncological care pathways as reported in the literature.
Dietary enrichment of milk and dairy products with n 3 fatty acids: A review
Venue: International Dairy Journal
Year: 2019

Milk and dairy products are important sources of nutrients in the human diet; however, they are also the main sources of saturated fatty acids (FAs) that can cause an increase in the risk of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, the n 3 FAs that are known for their health benefits are found in small amounts in normal ruminant milk fat and dairy products. Dietary supplementation with vegetable seeds or oils rich in a linolenic acid (ALA) and grass based feeding can enhance the content of n 3 FAs, particularly ALA, in milk and dairy products. Alternatively, ruminants are often supplemented with fish meal, fish oil and microalgae that are rich in the long chain n 3 FAs eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In this paper, the latest scientific studies regarding n 3 FA enrichment in milk and dairy products are reviewed, giving an overview of the effectiveness of the different supplementation approaches.
Non uniform Label Smoothing for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading from Retinal Fundus Images with Deep Neural Networks
Venue: Translational vision science technology
Year: 2020

Introducing a new technique to improve deep learning (DL) models designed for automatic grading of diabetic retinopathy (DR) from retinal fundus images by enhancing predictions' consistency.  A convolutional neural network (CNN) was optimized in three different manners to predict DR grade from eye fundus images. The optimization criteria were (1) the standard cross entropy (CE) loss; (2) CE supplemented with label smoothing (LS) a regularization approach widely employed in computer vision tasks; and (3) our proposed non uniform label smoothing (N ULS) a modification of LS that models the underlying structure of expert annotations.  Performance was measured in terms of quadratic weighted k score (quad k) and average area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) as well as with suitable metrics for analyzing diagnostic consistency, like weighted precision, recall, and F1 score, or Matthews correlation coefficient. While LS generally harmed the performance of the CNN, N ULS statistically significantly improved performance with respect to CE in terms quad k score (73.17 vs. 77.69, P 0.025) without any performance decrease in average AUROC. N ULS achieved this while simultaneously increasing performance for all other analyzed metrics.  For extending standard modeling approaches from DR detection to the more complex task of DR grading, it is essential to consider the underlying structure of expert annotations. The approach introduced in this article can be easily implemented in conjunction with deep neural networks to increase their consistency without sacrificing per class performance. Translational Relevance A straightforward modification of current standard training practices of CNNs can substantially improve consistency in DR grading, better modeling expert annotations and human variability.
A research based profile of a Dutch excellent facility manager
Year: 2016

This paper aims to establish the profile of an excellent facility manager in The Netherlands. As part of a large scale study on profiles of excellent professionals, a study was carried out to find the key characteristics of an excellent facility manager. Three panel sessions were held in different regions of The Netherlands. Sixteen facility management (FM) professionals with various work experiences participated in the conversations, led by a non FM moderator. All material was recorded, transcribed, and labelled independently by three assessors. The concept profile that was derived from these analyses was administered in a survey twice to FM experts following a Delphi method. Outcomes suggest a combination of the following five characteristics defines an excellent facility manager: he or she (1) possesses communication skills; (2) acts results oriented; (3) is entrepreneurial; (4) is sensitive to the needs of the organisation; (5) demonstrates personal leadership.Paper_Profile Excellent Facility ManagerAll characteristics were consistent with the nine FM Bachelor competencies of the Dutch standard (LOOFD) However, regarding the fifth domain (personal leadership) the observed profile of an excellent FM professional seems more challenging than the Dutch Bachelor standard. The observed profile can be used to further strengthen the Dutch (Honours) Bachelor Programmes in FM. Exploring international (dis)similarities, possibly leading to an international profile of an excellent facility manager, is a future ambition. This study describes the systematic design of a research based profile of an excellent FM professional from a practice point of view.
Wear characteristics of nano TiAlN coated carbide tools in ultra high speed machining of AerMet100
Year: 2012

In this paper cutting experiments of AerMet100 (52 HRC) using nano TiAlN coated carbide tools with cutting speed from 250 m/min to 7000 m/min are carried out. The cutting tool wear characteristics under ultra high cutting speeds are examined and the corresponding mechanisms are analyzed. The focus is put on the tool wear characteristics and mechanisms at cutting speed above 500 m/min. The influences of cutting temperature and workpiece dynamic mechanical properties on tool wear are discussed. The results show that the tool wear mechanism is highly influenced by cutting temperature and workpiece mechanical properties. At cutting speed of 500 m/min the dominate wear mechanism is micro chipping and fracture due to the cutting force vibration and cold welding of contacting materials between cutting tool and workpiece. At higher cutting speed from 1000 m/min to 7000 m/min the predominant tool wear mechanisms are abrasion, adhesion, and fracture due oxidation, and thermal softening, and grooving by hard grains. The roughness of tool flank at this cutting stage decreases with the increase of cutting speed due to the high thermal softening. The increase of workpiece material brittleness with the increase of cutting speed lowers the elastic rebound of machined surface and reduces the tool wear rate.
The Test Retest Reliability and Pilot Testing of the " New Technology and Nursing Students Learning Styles " Questionnaire
Year: 2015

The majority of today's nursing students belong to the "Net Generation" or the so called "Millennials" Born from 1982 2001, millennials have been described as technologically literate. Because of this, many scientists claim that millennials have different preferences and style of learning and thus many challenges have been posed to the educational institutes.  To estimate the validity and reliability of an assessment tool designed to identify the undergraduate nursing students' digital literacy as well as their learning preferences.  A pilot study with 136 participants was conducted in order to estimate the reliability and validity of the survey instrument. The questionnaire was designed after a thorough literature review and taking into account several variables. The variables were separated into two modules. The first deals with the competence on new technology and the second one with the students' learning preferences. Students of three tertiary nursing institutes were invited to participate in an online survey through an email invitation. The assessment of reliability of the survey instrument was performed using test retest methodology.  Results from the reliability analysis revealed that the scales had good internal consistency. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from a low of 0.60 to a high of 0.84. Results indicated that seven of ten scales had Cronbach's alphas that exceeded the test value of 0.70. The Intraclass correlation coefficient produced high reliability with the lower score being 0.55 (p=0.01) and the upper 0.98(p<0.001)  The "New Technology and nursing students' Learning Styles" is a literature based, researcher developed instrument that assesses students' learning styles in relation to emerging technologies. Although results from the pilot study revealed that the initial version of the questionnaire collected reliable data, there was some room for improving it.
Commentary: Common discourse but divergent actions bridging the promise of community health governance and public health practice
Venue: Journal of Urban Health
Year: 2006

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Current Understanding on Antihepatocarcinoma Effects of Xiao Chai Hu Tang and Its Constituents
Venue: Evidence based complementary and alternative medicine eCAM
Year: 2013

Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT) a compound formula originally recorded in an ancient Chinese medical book Shanghanlun, has been used to treat chronic liver diseases for a long period of time in China. Although extensive studies have been demonstrated the efficacy of this formula to treat chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocarcinoma, how it works against these diseases still awaits full understanding. Here, we firstly present an overview arranging from the entire formula to mechanism studies of single herb in XCHT and their active components, from a new perspective of "separation study," and we tried our best to both detailedly and systematically organize the antihepatocarcinoma effects of it, hoping that the review will facilitate the strive on elucidating how XCHT elicits its antihepatocarcinoma role.
Non fragile multivariable PID controller design via system augmentation
Venue: Int. J. Syst. Sci.
Year: 2017

In this paper, the issue of designing non fragile H multivariable proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers with derivative filters is investigated. In order to obtain the controller gains, the original system is associated with an extended system such that the PID controller design can be formulated as a static output feedback control problem. By taking the system augmentation approach, the conditions with slack matrices for solving the non fragile H multivariable PID controller gains are established. Based on the results, linear matrix inequality based iterative algorithms are provided to compute the controller gains. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Availability Evaluation in Shared Path Protected WDM Networks with Startup Failure Driven Backup Path Reprovisioning
Venue: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications
Year: 2010

This paper studies quantitatively the benefit of startup failure driven backup path reprovisioning in terms of connection availability in shared path protected optical networks. Numerical results show that shared path protection with startup failure driven reprovisioning reduces connection unavailability, and is most efficient when the capacity utilization during the no failure phases is around 60%
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Venue: European journal of heart failure
Year: 2018

The coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) either with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is frequent (30 40% of patients) and associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization, all cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. The most important causes of HF in T2DM are coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension and a direct detrimental effect of T2DM on the myocardium. T2DM is often unrecognized in HF patients, and vice versa, which emphasizes the importance of an active search for both disorders in the clinical practice. There are no specific limitations to HF treatment in T2DM. Subanalyses of trials addressing HF treatment in the general population have shown that all HF therapies are similarly effective regardless of T2DM. Concerning T2DM treatment in HF patients, most guidelines currently recommend metformin as the first line choice. Sulphonylureas and insulin have been the traditional second and third line therapies although their safety in HF is equivocal. Neither glucagon like preptide 1 (GLP 1) receptor agonists, nor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors reduce the risk for HF hospitalization. Indeed, a DPP4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, has been associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization. Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) are contraindicated in patients with (or at risk of) HF. In recent trials, sodium glucose co transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, empagliflozin and canagliflozin, have both shown a significant reduction in HF hospitalization in patients with established CV disease or at risk of CV disease. Several ongoing trials should provide an insight into the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HFrEF and HFpEF in the absence of T2DM.
Tidal and Meteorological Influences on the Growth of Invasive Spartina alterniflora: Evidence from UAV Remote Sensing
Venue: Remote. Sens.
Year: 2019

Rapid invasion of Spartina alterniflora into Chinese coastal wetlands has attracted much attention. Many field and remote sensing studies have examined the spatio temporal dynamics of S. alterniflora invasion; however, spatially explicit quantitative analyses of S. alterniflora invasion and its underlying mechanisms at both patch and landscape scales are seldom reported. To fill this knowledge gap, we integrated multi temporal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived elevation data, and tidal and meteorological time series to explore the growth potential (lateral expansion rates and canopy greenness) of S. alterniflora over the intertidal zone in a subtropical coastal wetland (Zhangjiang estuarine wetland, Fujian, China) Our analyses of patch expansion indicated that isolated S. alterniflora patches in this wetland experienced high lateral expansion over the past several years (averaged at 4.28 m/year in patch diameter during 2014 2017) and lateral expansion rates y m/year) showed a statistically significant declining trend with increasing inundation x h/day; 3 x 18 y 0.17 x 5.91 R 2 0.78 Our analyses of canopy greenness showed that the seasonality of the growth potential of S. alterniflora was driven by temperature (Pearson correlation coefficient r 0.76 and precipitation r 0.68 with the growth potential peaking in early/middle summer with high temperature and adequate precipitation. Together, we concluded that the growth potential of S. alterniflora was co regulated by tidal and meteorological regimes, in which spatial heterogeneity is controlled by tidal inundation while temporal variation is controlled by both temperature and precipitation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first spatially explicit quantitative study to examine the influences of tidal and meteorological regimes on both spatial heterogeneity (over the intertidal zone) and temporal variation (intra and inter annual) of S. alterniflora at both patch and landscape scales. These findings could serve critical empirical evidence to help answer how coastal salt marshes respond to climate change and assess the vulnerability and resilience of coastal salt marshes to rising sea level. Our UAV based methodology could be applied to many types of plant community distributions.
Direct synthesis of two dimensional MoS2 on p type Si and application to solar hydrogen production
Venue: NPG Asia Materials
Year: 2019

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising two dimensional (2D) materials, and MoS2 has been specifically utilized in electronic devices and integrated circuits. However, the direct synthesis of MoS2 on traditional semiconductors, such as silicon, remains challenging due to the hydrophobic surface of nonoxide wafers (e.g. Si, GaAs, and InP) Herein, a novel, facile, reliable, and one step method for the direct synthesis of single crystal MoS2 on a p Si wafer via hybrid thermolysis is proposed. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, a MoS2/p Si heterojunction was fabricated and used for solar driven hydrogen production. The as fabricated n MoS2/p Si heterojunction exhibited a benchmark current density of 13.5 1 mA/cm2 at 0 V and an onset potential of +0.02 V. This method reliably and efficiently produced high quality MoS2 crystals on a wafer scale and is sufficiently simple to overcome the challenges associated with previous approaches. The method developed herein represents a tremendous advancement in the fabrication of 2D electronic devices.2D semiconductors: Taming unruly crystals for green energySolar panels that catalyze the splitting of water into hydrogen fuel and oxygen can now be fabricated using a simple deposition process. Interfaces between two dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) and electron poor silicon can split water using light, but only when the naturally random crystallization patterns of 2D MoS2 are inhibited. Researchers led by Ho Won Jang from Seoul National University and Soo Young Kim at Chung Ang University, Seoul, have improved uniformity in this ultrathin material by initially coating silicon wafers with a molybdenum oxide precursor that adheres in smooth layers. By depositing a second, sulfur rich coating and then heating the sample, the team produced uniform 2D MoS2/silicon junctions down to 10 nanometer scales. The transparent device maintained a water splitting photocurrent for over forty hours without degradation, thanks to the corrosion resistant nature of high quality 2D MoS2 crystals.A direct synthesis method for high quality MoS2 thin films on p Si wafer is reported herein. To increase the hydrophilicity of the p Si wafer, MoO3 was deposited before spin coating. The (NH4)2MoS4 precursor was easily coated onto the MoO3/p Si and was converted to a MoS2/p Si heterojunction via thermolysis. This method has the potential to be used in 2D electronic device fabrication in the future.