nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Teaching the relationship between health and climate change: a systematic scoping review protocol
Venue: BMJ Open
Year: 2018

The observed and projected impacts of climate change on human health are significant. While climate change has gathered global momentum and is taught frequently, the extent to which the relationships between climate change and health are taught remains uncertain. Education provides an opportunity to create public engagement on these issues, but the extent to which historical implementation of climate health education could be leveraged is not well understood. To address this gap, we propose to conduct a scoping review of all forms of teaching that have been used to illustrate the health effects of climate change between 2005 and 2017, coinciding with a turning point in the public health and climate change agendas following the 2005 Group of 7/8 (G7/8) Summit.  Using Arksey/O'Malley's and Levac's methodological framework, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Education Resource Information Centre, Web of Science, Global Health, Health Management Information Consortium, Georef, Ebsco and PROSPERO will be systematically searched. Predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied by two independent reviewers to determine study eligibility. Studies published in English and after 2005 only will be examined. Following selection of studies, data will be extracted and analysed. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required as exclusively secondary data will be used. Our findings will be communicated to the European Institute of Innovation Technology Health Knowledge and Innovation Communities to assist in the development of a FutureLearn Massive Open Online Course on the health effects of climate change.
GI highlights from the literature
Venue: Gut
Year: 2019

Jordan S, Tung N, Casanova Acebes M, et al. Dietary intake regulates the circulating inflammatory monocyte pool. Cell 2019;178:1102 14. This paper starts from a very simple but striking observation, that the number of circulating monocytes in blood varies between fasting and fed states, in human volunteers and in mice. The change in circulating inflammatory monocytes during fasting was due to reduced egress from the bone marrow and was reversible on feeding. Further refinement demonstrated that intake of carbohydrates and protein influenced circulating monocyte numbers but interestingly, feeding mice with fat did not have an effect. Altering cellular energy metabolism through inhibition of glycolysis or 5' AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation had the same effect as fasting, suggesting that monocyte frequency is responsive to energy status. This was mediated via hepatocyte peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a, a target of AMPK which is highly expressed in the liver. This shows that energy sensing in the liver has a significant influence on the immune system, and is mediated by a reduction in CCL2 expression. Finally, previous observations that chronic inflammatory diseases respond to fasting or hypocalorific diets was confirmed in a model of multiple sclerosis where fasting reduced inflammation and improved signs of disease, but without a detrimental effect on an acute response to pathogens. These data describe a central role for the liver in the connection between dietary intake, energy metabolism and immunity, and again highlight the CCL2/CCR2 axis as a mediator of carbohydrate induced inflammation. The role of careful fasting or limiting carbohydrate intake in the management of chronic inflammatory disease is highly relevant to many areas of gastroenterology.
Life cycle emissions assessment of transition to low carbon vehicles in Japan: combined effects of banning fossil fueled vehicles and enhancing green hydrogen and electricity
Venue: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
Year: 2020

This paper examines the impact on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction when fossil fueled ICE gasoline, diesel and natural gas vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are banned in a step by step manner from 2035. We examine the impact of vehicle bans on life cycle GHG emissions and on the marginal cost (MC) of emissions reduction using four different scenarios defined by hydrogen production method, renewable energy share, and infrastructure development for refueling stations. The vehicle penetration and the fuel demand are determined by a consumer choice model characterized by a multinomial logit algorithm. Our analysis found that vehicle bans significantly promote battery electric vehicles (BEVs) for mini sized vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) for light and heavy duty vehicles. A vehicle ban that excludes BEVs and FCVs from 2035 under an enhanced infrastructure plan can reduce the life cycle GHG emissions as much as 438 million tonnes by 2060 compared to the 2017 level. The MC of the life cycle GHG mitigation decreases continuously and reaches as low as $482 per tonne CO2eq in 2060. However, if PHEVs are excluded from the ban, the life cycle GHG emissions are reduced more by 88 Mt CO2eq in 2060 at a lower MC of $122 per tonne CO2eq. This is due to decreases in GHG emissions from VP where the replacement of PHEVs for BEVs and FCVs reduces the production of batteries and fuel cells. The main structure of the model.
Perancangan Video Motivasi Untuk Buku Terlaris Didunia "Who Moved My Cheese?"
Year: 2015

Penulis ingin membagikan sebuah video motivasi animasi 2D yang menggunakan aplikasi Adobe Flash Profesional CC yang berisi tentang video motivasi berdasarkan kisah fiktif buku terlaris di dunia " Who Moved My Cheese?" Buku ini sangat laris dan terkenal di dunia dan sudah diterbitkan hingga jutaan eksemplar dan diterjemahan kedalam berbagai bahasa. Kisah dari buku ini juga sudah merubah pola pikir usahawan dan pebisnis dalam kehidupan mereka. Dan penulis ingin membagikan kisah ini melalui video singkat animasi 2D kepada penonton melalui skripsi ini karena remaja lebih suka menonton video daripada membaca buku. Melalui video singkat ini, terdapat beberapa gambar animasi 2D dan efek suara yang sudah dirancang penulis agar memudahkan penonton dalam memahami arti dari video tersebut.
Data security and privacy in wireless body area networks
Venue: IEEE Wireless Communications
Year: 2010

The wireless body area network has emerged as a new technology for e healthcare that allows the data of a patient's vital body parameters and movements to be collected by small wearable or implantable sensors and communicated using short range wireless communication techniques. WBAN has shown great potential in improving healthcare quality, and thus has found a wide range of applications from ubiquitous health monitoring and computer assisted rehabilitation to emergency medical response systems. The security and privacy protection of the data collected from a WBAN, either while stored inside the WBAN or during their transmission outside of the WBAN, is a major unsolved concern, with challenges coming from stringent resource constraints of WBAN devices, and the high demand for both security/privacy and practicality/usability. In this article we look into two important data security issues: secure and dependable distributed data storage, and fine grained distributed data access control for sensitive and private patient medical data. We discuss various practical issues that need to be taken into account while fulfilling the security and privacy requirements. Relevant solutions in sensor networks and WBANs are surveyed, and their applicability is analyzed.
Cost Effective Wearable Indoor Localization and Motion Analysis via the Integration of UWB and IMU
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2020

Wearable indoor localization can now find applications in a wide spectrum of fields, including the care of children and the elderly, sports motion analysis, rehabilitation medicine, robotics navigation, etc. Conventional inertial measurement unit (IMU) based position estimation and radio signal indoor localization methods based on WiFi, Bluetooth, ultra wide band (UWB) and radio frequency identification (RFID) all have their limitations regarding cost, accuracy, or usability, and a combination of the techniques has been considered a promising way to improve the accuracy. This investigation aims to provide a cost effective wearable sensing solution with data fusion algorithms for indoor localization and real time motion analysis. The main contributions of this investigation are: (1) the design of a wireless, battery powered, and light weight wearable sensing device integrating a low cost UWB module DWM1000 and micro electromechanical system (MEMS) IMU MPU9250 for synchronized measurement; (2) the implementation of a Mahony complementary filter for noise cancellation and attitude calculation, and quaternions for frame rotation to obtain the continuous attitude for displacement estimation; (3) the development of a data fusion model integrating the IMU and UWB data to enhance the measurement accuracy using Kalman filter based time domain iterative compensations; and (4) evaluation of the developed sensor module by comparing it with UWB and IMU only solutions. The test results demonstrate that the average error of the integrated module reached 7.58 cm for an arbitrary walking path, which outperformed the IMU and UWB only localization solutions. The module could recognize lateral roll rotations during normal walking, which could be potentially used for abnormal gait recognition.
Pakistani ESL Student's Attitude towards English Language Grammar: A Case Study of University of Education Lahore
Year: 2016

Over the years incorporating communicative competence has become the focus of English language teaching which emphasizes more on speaking skills than grammatical skills. In this perspective, this paper intends to investigate Pakistani student's attitude towards English language grammar. For this purpose 100 students studying Functional English I and Functional English II courses in BS programs at University of Education Multan Campus were randomly selected as a sample and a questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used to get their responses in order to study their attitude towards English grammar. The analysis of the data shows that majority of students like to learn the rules of grammar as they consider it important to learn grammar in order to communicate effectively in English language and view it as a basic skill to develop language proficiency. Moreover they are more interested to learn grammar deductively than by the inductive methods. The results of the study show that students have a positive attitude towards grammar.  Communicative competence, grammar, attitude, ESL learners
Organizing for Crisis Management: Building Governance Capacity and Legitimacy
Year: 2016

What makes a well functioning governmental crisis management system, and how can this be studied using an organization theory based approach? A core argument is that such a system needs both governance capacity and governance legitimacy. Organizational arrangements as well as the legitimacy of government authorities will affect crisis management performance. A central argument is that both structural features and cultural context matter, as does the nature of the crisis. Is it a transboundary crisis? How unique is it, and how much uncertainty is associated with it? The arguments are substantiated with empirical examples and supported by a literature synthesis, focusing on public administration research. A main conclusion is that there is no optimal formula for harmonizing competing interests and tensions or for overcoming uncertainty and ambiguous government structures. Flexibility and adaptation are key assets, which are constrained by the political, administrative, and situational context. Furthermore, a future research agenda is indicated.
Technology Firms Shape Political Communication: The Work of Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, and Google With Campaigns During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Cycle
Year: 2018

This article offers the first analysis of the role that technology companies, specifically Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft, and Google, play in shaping the political communication of electoral campaigns in the United States. We offer an empirical analysis of the work technology firms do around electoral politics through interviews with staffers at these firms and digital and social media directors of 2016 U.S. presidential primary and general election campaigns, in addition to field observations at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. We find that technology firms are motivated to work in the political space for marketing, advertising revenue, and relationship building in the service of lobbying efforts. To facilitate this, these firms have developed organizational structures and staffing patterns that accord with the partisan nature of American politics. Furthermore, Facebook, Twitter, and Google go beyond promoting their services and facilitating digital advertising buys, actively shaping campaign communication through their close collaboration with political staffers. We show how representatives at these firms serve as quasi digital consultants to campaigns, shaping digital strategy, content, and execution. Given this, we argue that political communication scholars need to consider social media firms as more active agents in political processes than previously appreciated in the literature.
Large Message Homomorphic Secret Sharing from DCR and Applications
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2021

We present the first homomorphic secret sharing (HSS) construction that simultaneously (1) has negligible correctness error, (2) supports integers from an exponentially large range, and (3) relies on an assumption not known to imply FHE specifically, the Decisional Composite Residuosity (DCR) assumption. This resolves an open question posed by Boyle, Gilboa, and Ishai (Crypto 2016) Homomorphic secret sharing is analogous to fully homomorphic encryption, except the ciphertexts are shared across two non colluding evaluators. Previous constructions of HSS either had non negligible correctness error and polynomial size plaintext space or were based on the stronger LWE assumption. We also present two applications of our technique: a two server ORAM with constant bandwidth overhead, and a rate 1 trapdoor hash function with negligible error rate.
Bernstein copula modeling for 2D discrete fracture network simulations
Year: 2017

In many naturally fractured reservoirs, fractures play a crucial role in their flow and transport properties. An approach that has recently gained popularity for modeling fracture systems is the Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model. This approach consists in applying a stochastic boolean simulation method, also known as object simulation method, where fractures are represented as simplified geometric objects (line segments in 2D and polygons in 3D) One of the shortcomings of this approach is that it usually does not consider the dependence relationships that may exist between geometric properties of fractures (direction, length, aperture) that is, each property is simulated independently. In this work a method for modeling such dependencies by copula theory is introduced. In particular, a nonparametric model using Bernstein copulas for direction length fracture dependency in 2D is presented. The application of this method is illustrated in an example which shows high agreement between data and simulation, both graphically and in its descriptive statistics, both marginally and jointly, and in the DFN as a whole.
Adaptive Basis Scan by Wavelet Prediction for Single Pixel Imaging
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging
Year: 2017

Single pixel camera imaging is an emerging paradigm that allows high quality images to be provided by a device only equipped with a single point detector. A single pixel camera is an experimental setup able to measure the inner product of the scene under view the image with any user defined pattern. Postprocessing a sequence of point measurements obtained with different patterns permits to recover spatial information, as it has been demonstrated by state of the art approaches belonging to the compressed sensing framework. In this paper, a new framework for the choice of the patterns is proposed together with a simple and efficient image recovery scheme. Our goal is to overcome the computationally demanding \ell _1$ minimization of the compressed sensing. We propose to choose patterns among a wavelet basis in an adaptive fashion, which essentially relies onto the prediction of the significant wavelet coefficients' location. More precisely, we adopt a multiresolution strategy that exploits the set of measurements acquired at coarse scales to predict the set of measurements to be performed at a finer scale. Prediction is based on a fast cubic interpolation in the image domain. A general formalism is given so that any kind of wavelets can be used, which enables one to adjust the wavelet to the type of images related to the desired application. Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate the ability of our technique to reconstruct biomedical images with improved quality compared with compressive sensing based recovery. Application to the real time fluorescence imaging of biological tissues could benefit from the proposed method.
A Longitudinal Assessment of the Relationship Between Bullying Victimization, Symptoms of Depression, Emotional Problems, and Thoughts of Self Harm Among Middle and High School Students
Year: 2020

This study analyzed the individual and combined effects of bullying victimization and symptoms of depression and emotional problems on thoughts of self harm in a sample of 112 middle and high school students from one school district located in the southeastern USA. Results indicate that youth who are victims of bullying had greater odds of reporting emotional problems and symptoms of depression, and youth with higher levels of mental health symptoms were more likely to endorse thoughts of self harm. The findings suggest that school based intervention programs that target the mental health of students who have experienced bullying may be successful in buffering the longer term effects of bullying on thoughts of self harm.
A future for the world's children? A WHO UNICEF Lancet Commission
Venue: The Lancet
Year: 2020

Executive summaryDespite dramatic improvements in survival, nutrition, and education over recent decades, today's children face an uncertain future. Climate change, ecological degradation, migrating populations, conflict, pervasive inequalities, and predatory commercial practices threaten the health and future of children in every country. In 2015, the world's countries agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yet nearly 5 years later, few countries have recorded much progress towards achieving them. This Commission presents the case for placing children, aged 0 18 years, at the centre of the SDGs: at the heart of the concept of sustainability and our shared human endeavour. Governments must harness coalitions across sectors to overcome ecological and commercial pressures to ensure children receive their rights and entitlements now and a liveable planet in the years to come.
On the instability and constraints of the interaction between number representation and spatial attention in healthy humans: A concise review of the literature and new experimental evidence.
Venue: Progress in brain research
Year: 2016

The relationship between number and space representation is still one of the most debated topics in studies of mathematical cognition. Here we offer a concise review of two important behavioral effects that have pointed out the use of a spatially left to right oriented mental number line (MNL) in healthy participants: the SNARC effect and the attentional SNARC effect (Att SNARC) Following a brief summary of seminal investigations on the introspective properties of the MNL, we review recent empirical evidence and theories on the functional origin of the SNARC effect, where upon left/right response choices faster reaction times are found for small numbers with left side responses and for large numbers with right side responses. Then we offer a summary of the studies that have investigated whether the mere perception of visual Arabic numbers presented at central fixation can engender spatially congruent lateral shifts of attention, ie, leftward for small numbers and rightward for large ones, ie, the Att SNARC effect. Finally, we summarize four experiments that tested whether the Att SNARC depends on an active rather than passive processing of centrally presented digit cues. In line with other recent studies, these experiment do not replicate the original Att SNARC and show that the mere perception of Arabic numerals does not trigger automatic shifts of attention. These shifts are instead found when the task requires the explicit left/right spatial coding of digit cues, ie, Spatial Att SNARC (Fattorini et al. 2015b) Nonetheless, the reliability of the Spatial Att SNARC effect seems not as strong as that of conventional SNARC effects where left/right codes are mapped onto responses rather than directly mapped on digit cues. Comparing the magnitude of digits to a numerical reference, ie, "5," also produced a Magnitude Comparison Att SNARC that was weaker than the spatial one. However, the reliability of this Magnitude Comparison Att SNARC should be considered with caution because, like in a study by Zanolie and Pecher (2014) we recently failed to replicate this effect in a separate behavioral event related potentials study in preparation (Fattorini et al. 2015a) All together the results from the present series of experiments support the hypothesis that spatial coding is not an intrinsic part of number representation and that number space interaction is determined by the use of stimulus or response related spatial codes in the task at hand.
Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the brain
Venue: Scientific reports
Year: 2020

Research has shown that focused attention meditation not only improves our cognitive and motivational functioning (e.g. attention, mental health) it influences the way our brain networks [e.g. default mode network (DMN) fronto parietal network (FPN) and sensory motor network (SMN) function and operate. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the possibility that meditation alters the architecture (composition) of these functional brain networks. Here, using a single case experimental design with intensive longitudinal data, we examined the effect of mediation practice on intra individual changes in the composition of whole brain networks. The results showed that meditation (1) changed the community size (with a number of regions in the FPN being merged into the DMN after meditation) and (2) led to instability in the community allegiance of the regions in the FPN. These results suggest that, in addition to altering specific functional connectivity, meditation leads to reconfiguration of whole brain network architecture. The reconfiguration of community architecture in the brain provides fruitful information about the neural mechanisms of meditation.
The Portrayal of Mathematicians and Mathematics in Popular Culture.
Year: 2018

Mathematicians are often inimically portrayed in popular culture, resulting in an abundance of non mathematical identities in the classroom. Various tropes are propagated by the media that dominate our mental schemas of what makes a mathematician: the eccentric Einstein like old man; the young, tortured genius; and the "genetically different" savant. However, these portrayals in popular culture can be used as a tool rather than a hindrance if teachers know how to present them properly in the classroom. Although the media often promotes mathematical myths, it can also be used to debunk them.