nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major plate boundary subduction thrust: Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Year: 2009

The Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, has not experienced any significant >Mw 7.2) subduction interface earthquakes since historical records began ~170 years ago. Geological data in parts of the North Island provide evidence for possible prehistoric great subduction earthquakes. Determining the seismogenic potential of the subduction interface, and possible resulting tsunami, is critical for estimating seismic hazard in the North Island of New Zealand. Despite the lack of confirmed historical interface events, recent geodetic and seismological results reveal that a large area of the interface is interseismically coupled, along which stress could be released in great earthquakes. We review existing geophysical and geological data in order to characterize the seismogenic zone of the Hikurangi subduction interface. Deep interseismic coupling of the southern portion of the Hikurangi interface is well defined by interpretation of GPS velocities, the locations of slow slip events, and the hypocenters of moderate to large historical earthquakes. Interseismic coupling is shallower on the northern and central portion of the Hikurangi subduction thrust. The spatial extent of the likely seismogenic zone at the Hikurangi margin cannot be easily explained by one or two simple parameters. Instead, a complex interplay between upper and lower plate structure, subducting sediment, thermal effects, regional tectonic stress regime, and fluid pressures probably controls the extent of the subduction thrust's seismogenic zone.
Academic expectation, self compassion, psychological capital, social support and student wellbeing
Venue: International Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2020

In an increasingly competitive academic environment students in pursuit of educational recognition are often vulnerable to the effects of stress. This study explored the relationship of academic stress and wellbeing in 258 university students (50 males and 208 females) aged 18 39 years old. The potential mediating variables of self compassion, psychological capital, and social support were also explored. Data were gathered through an online survey and analysed using correlation, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Findings revealed self compassion, psychological capital, and social support to mediate the relationship between academic stress and wellbeing. Research findings could be usefully applied to inform interventions to reduce stress and improve wellbeing within the student population.
Comparing relations of motivation, engagement, and achievement among struggling and advanced adolescent readers
Venue: Reading and writing
Year: 2015

This longitudinal study examined the development of reading motivation, engagement, and achievement in early adolescence by comparing interrelations of these variables in struggling and advanced readers. Participants were 183 pairs of seventh grade students matched in gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and school attended. They completed measures of reading motivations, engagement and comprehension for information text as well as measures of general reading comprehension and reading fluency twice during the school year. Advanced readers showed stronger relations of motivation and engagement with achievement than struggling readers. However, motivation predicted concurrent engagement and growth in engagement similarly for struggling and advanced readers. These results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that cognitive challenges limit the relations of motivation and engagement to achievement for struggling readers. The discussion also considers the impact of the focus on the information text genre on the relations observed and implications of the findings for achievement motivation theories.
Testing the generalized validity of the Emotion Knowledge test scores
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2018

Differential item functioning (DIF) is of the utmost importance in order to corroborate the generalized validity of test scores in different groups. DIF indicates that an item does not function equally in different groups such as age, gender or cultural ones. Our objective was to contrast the generalized validity of the Emotion Knowledge (EK) test scores in a heterogeneous Argentinian sample composed of 100 females and 100 males (age range: 18 65) Data from the original validation sample (200 Spanish participants, half of them males) were conjointly analyzed (total n 400) Results of the Rasch Model (RM) analysis indicated that both fit to the RM and reliability (ISR .97, PSR .80) were adequate. Item logit measures ranged from 3.89 to 3.68, and person logit measures ranged from 1.12 to 5.09, with a mean value of 2.36. DIF was tested for gender, age, educational level and country, with a few item contrasts found to be statistically significant. Even though small significant differences in EK scores were associated with educational level (d .25) and country (d .25) they became non significant after removing the seven country related DIF affected items. We can conclude that there is enough evidence for the generalized validity of EK test scores in Argentina. Given that recent theories of human emotion consider conceptual knowledge supported by language as constitutive of emotions, the EK test can be used in academic or applied settings where individual differences in emotional competence might be relevant.
Time Series Domain Adaptation via Sparse Associative Structure Alignment
Venue: AAAI
Year: 2021

Domain adaptation on time series data is an important but challenging task. Most of the existing works in this area are based on the learning of the domain invariant representation of the data with the help of restrictions like MMD. However, such extraction of the domain invariant representation is a non trivial task for time series data, due to the complex dependence among the timestamps. In detail, in the fully dependent time series, a small change of the time lags or the offsets may lead to difficulty in the domain invariant extraction. Fortunately, the stability of the causality inspired us to explore the domain invariant structure of the data. To reduce the difficulty in the discovery of causal structure, we relax it to the sparse associative structure and propose a novel sparse associative structure alignment model for domain adaptation. First, we generate the segment set to exclude the obstacle of offsets. Second, the intra variables and inter variables sparse attention mechanisms are devised to extract associative structure time series data with considering time lags. Finally, the associative structure alignment is used to guide the transfer of knowledge from the source domain to the target one. Experimental studies not only verify the good performance of our methods on three real world datasets but also provide some insightful discoveries on the transferred knowledge.
Current treatment strategies in refractory chronic pruritus.
Venue: Current opinion in pharmacology
Year: 2018

Chronic pruritus is a highly prevalent, debilitating disease, which is often refractory to conventional therapies. A step wise, guideline driven approach should be adopted in the management of these patients. Emollients as well as topical corticosteroids if appropriate should be initiated whilst looking for the cause underlying the pruritus. If these measures fail, and the origin of the pruritus remains unknown, cannot be treated or does not respond to therapy, systemic therapies as for example gabapentinoids, antidepressants, mu opioid receptor antagonists or, in case of inflammatory conditions, immunosuppressive drugs should be recommended. Novel agents, especially systemic monoclonal antibodies, neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists and opioid receptor modulators, are promising in providing relief in refractory cases.
Ten Years' Experience in Robotic Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Early Stage Lung Cancer.
Venue: The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon
Year: 2018

This study analyzed the short and long term outcomes of robotic assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) for early stage non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) METHODS From November 2006 to December 2016, we performed 363 RATS procedures. This study retrospectively reviewed 339 patients who underwent RATS for clinical stages I (n 318) or II (n 21) NSCLC.  Twenty nine patients underwent segmentectomy, 307 lobectomy, and 3 pneumonectomy. Conversion occurred in 22 patients (6.5% 15 (4.4% due to technical issues, 4 (1.2% for oncological reasons, and 3 (0.9% for bleeding. The median number of N1 and N2 stations resected was 2 and 3, respectively, and the median number of N1 and N2 lymph nodes resected was 9 and 6, respectively. Median operative time was 192 minutes for lobectomy, 172 minutes for segmentectomy, and 275 minutes for pneumonectomy. Median length of hospital stay was 5 days (2 191) The most common postoperative complication was prolonged air leak (12.1% Major complications occurred in eight patients (2.4% The 30 day and 90 day operative mortality was 0% and 0.3% respectively. Two and 5 year cancer specific survival rate was 96.1% and 91.5% respectively. Five year survival rate was 96.2% for patients who underwent segmentectomy, and 89.1% for lobectomy. All three patients who underwent pneumonectomy were alive at 5 years with no disease.  Besides the well known short term outcomes showing very low morbidity and mortality rates, mediastinal lymph node dissection during RATS adequately assesses lymph node stations detecting occult lymph node metastasis and leading to excellent oncologic results. However, these results await longer follow up studies.
Self Assembled and Cross Linked Animal and Plant Based Polysaccharides: Chitosan Cellulose Composites and Their Anion Uptake Properties.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces
Year: 2016

Self assembled and cross linked chitosan/cellulose glutaraldehyde composite materials (CGC) were prepared with enhanced surface area and variable morphology. FTIR, CHN, and 13C solid state NMR studies provided support for the cross linking reaction between the amine groups of chitosan and glutaraldehyde; whereas, XRD and TGA studies provided evidence of cellulose chitosan interactions for the composites. SEM, equilibrium swelling, and nitrogen adsorption studies corroborate the enhanced surface area and variable morphology of the cross linked biopolymers. Equilibrium sorption studies at alkaline conditions with phenolic dyes, along with single component and mixed naphthenates in aqueous solution revealed variable uptake properties with the composites. The Freundlich isotherm model revealed that the composite at the highest levels of cross linker, CGC3, had the highest sorption affinity (KF; L mmol/g) for phenolphthalein (phth) followed by ortho nitrophenyl acetic acid (ONPAA) and para nitrophenol (PNP) as follows: Phth (5.03 x 10 1) ONPAA (2.28 x 10 1) PNP (8.49 x 10 2) The Sips isotherm model provided a good description of the sorption profile of single component and naphthenate mixtures. The monolayer uptake capacity (Qm; mg g 1) is given in parentheses: 2 hexyldecanoic acid (S1; 115 mg/g) 2 naphthoxyacetic acid (S3; 40.5 mg/g) trans 4 pentylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid (S2; 13.7 mg/g) By comparison, the Qm values for CGC3 with naphthenate mixtures (24.1 and 27.4 mg/g) according to UV spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI HRMS) The sorbent materials generally show greater uptake with naphthenates that possess lower vs higher double bond equivalence (DBE) values. Kinetic studies revealed that the sorption of phth adopted behavior described by the pseudo second order model, while uptake for S3 and naphthenate mixtures adopted pseudo first order behavior. This study contributes to a greater understanding of the sorption properties of the two types of abundant biopolymers and their composites by illustrating their tunable sorption properties. The key role of hydrophobic interactions for CGC materials was evidenced by the controlled sorptive uptake of carboxylate anions with variable molecular structure.
Pharmacist implementation of a transitions of care electronic referral process to provide hand off between inpatient and outpatient settings.
Venue: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association JAPhA
Year: 2019

To describe the implementation of an electronic transitions of care referral process within a large, academic medical center.  To improve communication between the inpatient and ambulatory care pharmacists, the pharmacy department created an electronic referral (e referral) order, which becomes part of the patient's electronic medical record. Data were collected to describe use of the electronic order and to discuss the role of the referrals in supporting a newly developed ambulatory care pharmacy service.  The e referral was built to enhance the efficiency of direct patient care and prioritize patient care activities. This electronic order was built to collect specific details focused on medication related concerns and provide handoff to ambulatory care pharmacists for outpatient follow up.  A retrospective, cohort analysis of patients was conducted from August 1, 2014, to July 31, 2015. Patients were included in the project if they were 18 years of age or older and received an e referral order upon transition from the inpatient to the outpatient setting. Patients were excluded if the e referral was sent from an outpatient setting or if they were younger than 18 years of age. Data were collected to describe the e referral process and discuss how these referrals supported a new outpatient pulmonary clinic.  A total of 268 inpatient referral orders were included for analysis. Common indications for the referrals included education (49% follow up from inpatient consult (46% adherence (45% and therapy optimization (42% A total of 241 (90% e referrals were sent from an inpatient pharmacist to an ambulatory care pharmacist; the other 27 (10% referrals were sent by a physician or mid level provider. Of the 241 pharmacist referrals, 46 (19% were placed by pharmacy residents. The majority of inpatient e referrals (63.4% were for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sent to the outpatient pulmonary clinical pharmacist for follow up after discharge. The pulmonary clinic ambulatory care pharmacist completed 110 discharge calls (95.7%  An e referral from inpatient to ambulatory care pharmacists provides pharmacist to pharmacist hand off for medication related needs after discharge.
Antenatal maternal stress and long term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why?
Venue: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
Year: 2007

We review a significant body of evidence from independent prospective studies that if a mother is stressed while pregnant, her child is substantially more likely to have emotional or cognitive problems, including an increased risk of attentional deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety, and language delay. These findings are independent of effects due to maternal postnatal depression and anxiety. We still do not know what forms of anxiety or stress are most detrimental, but research suggests that the relationship with the partner can be important in this respect. The magnitude of these effects is clinically significant, as the attributable load of emotional/behavioral problems due to antenatal stress and/or anxiety is approximately 15% Animal models suggest that activity of the stress responsive hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and its hormonal end product cortisol are involved in these effects in both mother and offspring. The fetal environment can be altered if stress in the mother changes her hormonal profile, and in humans, there is a strong correlation between maternal and fetal cortisol levels. However, many problems remain in understanding the mechanisms involved in this interaction. For example, maternal cortisol responses to stress decline over the course of pregnancy, and earlier in pregnancy, the link between maternal and fetal cortisol is less robust. It is possible that the effects of maternal anxiety and stress on the developing fetus and child are moderated by other factors such as a maternal diet (e.g. protein load) It is suggested that extra vigilance or anxiety, readily distracted attention, or a hyper responsive HPA axis may have been adaptive in a stressful environment during evolution, but exists today at the cost of vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Multi Task Learning for Segmentation of Building Footprints with Deep Neural Networks
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Year: 2019

The increased availability of high resolution satellite imagery allows to sense very detailed structures on the surface of our planet. Access to such information opens up new directions in the analysis of remote sensing imagery. While deep neural networks have achieved significant advances in semantic segmentation of high resolution images, most of the existing approaches tend to produce predictions with poor boundaries. In this paper, we address the problem of preserving semantic segmentation boundaries in high resolution satellite imagery by introducing a novel multi task loss. The loss leverages multiple output representations of the segmentation mask and biases the network to focus more on pixels near boundaries. We evaluate our approach on the large scale Inria Aerial Image Labeling Dataset which contains high resolution images. Our results show that we are able to outperform state of the art methods by 9.8% on the Intersection over Union (IoU) metric without any additional post processing steps. Source code and all models will be available under https:/github.com/bbischke/MultiTaskBuildingSegmentation.
The Burden and Trends of Primary Liver Cancer Caused by Specific Etiologies from 1990 to 2017 at the Global, Regional, National, Age, and Sex Level Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Venue: Liver Cancer
Year: 2020

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. The primary causes of liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV) alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other factors.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the global and sex age region country and etiology related liver cancer burden, as well as the trends in liver cancer caused by different etiologies.  The causes of liver cancer from 1990 to 2017, including global, regional, and national liver cancer incidence, mortality, and etiology, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017, and the time dependent change in the trends of liver cancer burden was evaluated by annual percentage change.  The global liver cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing. There were 950,000 newly diagnosed liver cancer cases and over 800,000 deaths in 2017, which is more than twice the numbers recorded in 1990. HBV and HCV are the major causes of liver cancer. HBV is the major risk factor of liver cancer in Asia, while HCV and alcohol abuse are the major risk factors in the high sociodemographic index and high human development index regions. The mean onset age and incidence of liver cancer with different etiologies have gradually increased in the past 30 years.  The global incidence is still rising and the causes have national, regional, or population specificities. More targeted prevention strategies must be developed for the different etiologic types in order to reduce liver cancer burden.
The sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis for language acquisition and language evolution
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2014

Sound symbolism is a non arbitrary relationship between speech sounds and meaning. We review evidence that, contrary to the traditional view in linguistics, sound symbolism is an important design feature of language, which affects online processing of language, and most importantly, language acquisition. We propose the sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis, claiming that (i) pre verbal infants are sensitive to sound symbolism, due to a biologically endowed ability to map and integrate multi modal input, (ii) sound symbolism helps infants gain referential insight for speech sounds, (iii) sound symbolism helps infants and toddlers associate speech sounds with their referents to establish a lexical representation and (iv) sound symbolism helps toddlers learn words by allowing them to focus on referents embedded in a complex scene, alleviating Quine's problem. We further explore the possibility that sound symbolism is deeply related to language evolution, drawing the parallel between historical development of language across generations and ontogenetic development within individuals. Finally, we suggest that sound symbolism bootstrapping is a part of a more general phenomenon of bootstrapping by means of iconic representations, drawing on similarities and close behavioural links between sound symbolism and speech accompanying iconic gesture.
Efficient Automatic Punctuation Restoration Using Bidirectional Transformers with Robust Inference
Venue: IWSLT
Year: 2020

Though people rarely speak in complete sentences, punctuation confers many benefits to the readers of transcribed speech. Unfortunately, most ASR systems do not produce punctuated output. To address this, we propose a solution for automatic punctuation that is both cost efficient and easy to train. Our solution benefits from the recent trend in fine tuning transformer based language models. We also modify the typical framing of this task by predicting punctuation for sequences rather than individual tokens, which makes for more efficient training and inference. Finally, we find that aggregating predictions across multiple context windows improves accuracy even further. Our best model achieves a new state of the art on benchmark data (TED Talks) with a combined F1 of 83.9, representing a 48.7% relative improvement (15.3 absolute) over the previous state of the art.
The clinical course of COVID in pregnancy
Venue: Seminars in Perinatology
Year: 2020

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID 19) pandemic poses unique challenges to the medical community as the optimal treatment has not been determined and is often at the discretion of institutional guidelines. Pregnancy has previously been described as a high risk state in the context of infectious diseases, given a particular susceptibility to pathogens and adverse outcomes. Although ongoing studies have provided insight on the course of this disease in the adult population, the implications of COVID 19 on pregnancy remains an understudied area. The objective of this study is to review the literature and describe clinical presentations among pregnant women afflicted with COVID 19.