nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic implications of the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Venue: Oral oncology
Year: 2018

AJCC) has changed the staging system of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the 8th edition of its staging manual to include depth of invasion (DOI) of the primary tumor as a modifier to the T category and extranodal extension (ENE) to upstage node positive OSCC. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the AJCC 8 pathologic staging system in OSCC and compare it to its predecessor (AJCC 7) METHODS Analysis of 663 patients with OSCC from a prospective database was performed using the Cox proportional hazards competing risk model. The prognostic performance of the pathologic staging system was assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Harrell's concordance index (C index)  AJCC 8 led to upstaging of 35.6% (N 235) of patients in this cohort. Both AJCC 7 and 8 show limited monotonicity and poor stratification between stage groups I to III. The estimates for model performance reveal that AJCC 8 has modest predictive capacity for overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) (Harrell's C of 0.70 and 0.74, respectively) but is superior to AJCC 7 (Harrell's C of 0.65 and 0.69, respectively)  The AJCC 8 staging system is more complex than its former version due to the inclusion of DOI and ENE. Compared with AJCC 7, it performs better in stratifying survival of OSCC patients by stage.
LSH Softmax: Sub Linear Learning and Inference of the Softmax Layer in Deep Architectures
Year: 2018

Log linear models models are widely used in machine learning, and in particular are ubiquitous in deep learning architectures in the form of the softmax. While exact inference and learning of these requires linear time, it can be done approximately in sub linear time with strong concentrations guarantees. In this work, we present LSH Softmax, a method to perform sub linear learning and inference of the softmax layer in the deep learning setting. Our method relies on the popular Locality Sensitive Hashing to build a well concentrated gradient estimator, using nearest neighbors and uniform samples. We also present an inference scheme in sub linear time for LSH Softmax using the Gumbel distribution. On language modeling, we show that Recurrent Neural Networks trained with LSH Softmax perform on par with computing the exact softmax while requiring sub linear computations.
Neurobiologia del autismo y TDAH mediante tecnicas de neuroimagen: divergencias y convergencias
Year: 2013

En el area clinica algunos sintomas del trastorno por deficit de atencion e hiperactividad (TDAH) se presentan en los pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) Se ha demostrado que existen alteraciones en circuitos cerebrales que impactan en fallas cognitivas y de comportamiento especificas de cada uno de estos trastornos. Sin embargo, han sido poco estudiados los correlatos cerebrales que hay detras tanto de las similitudes como de las diferencias sintomatologicas. En la presente revision se analizaron los estudios meta analiticos existentes estructurales y funcionales en TDAH y TEA. Por un lado, se observaron convergencias en circuitos como el dorsal atencional, de funciones ejecutivas, visual, somatomotor y circuito de activacion por defecto. Estas similitudes posiblemente explican las manifestaciones comorbidas entre los trastornos como la falla en la integracion de informacion, motricidad fina y procesos atencionales especificos. Por otro lado, especificamente en el TDAH se observan deficits en el circuito de recompensa y ventral atencional, sistemas involucrados en la medicion de efectos de reforzamiento y monitoreo atencional. En TEA los circuitos mas afectados fueron los implicados en procesos de cognicion social y lenguaje. En conclusion, existen correlatos neuronales en TEA que explican las manifestaciones clinicas tanto convergentes como divergentes presentes en TDAH.
Grossesse et automedication recours a l'automedication pendant la grossesse et connaissances des femmes enceintes
Year: 2018

Resume l'automedication est une pratique en plein essor chez les femmes enceintes. Cependant elle n'est pas denuee de risques pendant la grossesse. Cette etude prospective, multicentrique realisee aupres de 103 femmes enceintes se propose de rechercher les motifs les incitant a s'automediquer et de decrire leur connaissance au sujet de l'automedication. Objectifs determiner les motifs incitant les femmes enceintes a s'automediquer pendant la grossesse, identifier les medicaments consommes et leurs posologies et decrire le type de population concerne. Decrire l'etat des connaissances des femmes enceintes concernant l'automedication pendant la grossesse, identifier les principales sources d'informations et recenser les informations recues par les professionnels de sante. Materiels et methode des questionnaires ont ete distribues dans les services de consultations prenatales pendant deux mois au sein des CHU Nord et Conception, de l'hopital prive Beauregard et au sein de deux cabinets liberaux. Resultats 58,3% des femmes interrogees se sont automediquees pendant la grossesse. Seul le niveau d'etude a ete associe de facon significative a un recours a l'automedication plus eleve pendant la grossesse (p=0,047) Les femmes enceintes ont affirme s'automediquer essentiellement par reconnaissance des symptomes et des moyens de les soigner et secondairement par manque de temps pour consulter un professionnel de sante. Les medicaments consommes appartenaient essentiellement, a la classe des antalgiques et des medicaments de gastro enterologie (les antiacides par exemple) Ces derniers ont ete consommes aux posologies usuelles mais la duree de prise du traitement n'a pas ete precisee. Les femmes enceintes declarent demander conseil au pharmacien ou a un proche et consulter des informations supplementaires en lisant la notice ou en les recherchant sur internet lorsqu'elles decident de s'automediquer. Enfin, 44,6% des femmes interrogees ont declare ne pas avoir recues d'informations sur l'automedication pendant la grossesse par les professionnels de sante. Conclusion la frequence des femmes enceintes s'automediquant est superieur e a celles retrouvees dans les etudes anterieures. La prevalence de l'automedication ne cesse d'augmenter chez les femmes enceintes. Il semble donc necessaire que les professionnels de sante soient sensibilises a la necessite de diffuser une information sur le recours a l'automedication pendant la grossesse afin que celle ci soit totalement securisee.
Approximate Computing: A Survey of Recent Trends Bringing Greenness to Computing and Communication
Venue: Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India) Series B
Year: 2019

Energy efficient computing is a much needed technological advantage for future. Approximate or inexact computing is a computing paradigm that can trade energy and computing time with accuracy of output. Recent years have seen a lot of researches in industry as well as academia. The aim of these researches is to fruitfully realize the dream of a greener and energy efficient computing era. This paper presents a comprehensive and concise survey of the current research trends and contributions in energy efficient computing from computational point of view. Recent developments in approximate computing hardware, software and approximate data communication have also been discussed in this article.
Integral imaging microscopy with enhanced depth of field using a spatial multiplexing.
Venue: Optics express
Year: 2016

A depth of field enhancement method for integral imaging microscopy system using a spatial multiplexing structure consisting of a beamsplitter with dual video channels and micro lens arrays is proposed. A computational integral imaging reconstruction algorithm generates two sets of depth sliced images for the acquired depth information of the captured elemental image arrays and the well focused depth slices of both image sets are combined where each is focused on a different depth plane of the specimen. A prototype is implemented, and the experimental results demonstrate that the depth of field of the reconstructed images in the proposed integral imaging microscopy is significantly increased compared with conventional integral imaging microscopy systems.
CONSTRUCCION Y ANALISIS DE UN MODELO PARA PREDECIR LA ACTITUD HACIA LA ESTADISTICA
Year: 2015

La importancia de la creacion de este modelo viene dada porque queremos comprobar que variables podemos utilizar para predecir la actitud hacia la estadistica. La definicion de actitud es la disposicion de animo manifestada de alguna manera, y la estadistica es una ciencia formal que estudia la recoleccion, analisis e interpretacion de datos de una muestra representativa. En conjunto, podemos decir que la actitud hacia la estadistica es una disposicion, ya sea favorable o desfavorable, hacia esta ciencia formal, la estadistica. Para ello utilizamos cinco variables iniciales que posteriormente tras su analisis exhaustivo mediante el tamano del efecto y la matriz de correlaciones iban siendo eliminadas. Despues, tras realizar un analisis de la fiabilidad del modelo, resulto ser bastante fiable. Finalmente, nos quedamos con dos factores, interes y dificultad. A partir de este momento, hicimos una validacion del modelo. Con estos dos factores realizamos el ANOVA de dos factores con el que hemos podido concluir que si existen diferencias entre las poblaciones y los niveles de estos dos factores en relacion con la actitud hacia la estadistica. El factor que explica mayor varianza de la actitud hacia la estadistica se trata del interes.
Production of Laccase Enzyme by Marasmius sp. from the Bark of Cocoa Beans
Year: 2020

Laccase is an enzyme that can be used in various processes in the field of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and food. This is due to the laccase that has broad substrate specificity, is environmentally friendly, and uses oxygen as the last electron acceptor. The laccase enzyme can be produced by white weathered fungi, one of them is Marasmius sp. by utilizing the lignin components of lignocellulose of agricultural waste and plantations such as the bark of cocoa beans. The utiliziation of the bark of cocoa beans can reduce the cost of enzyme production and answer the need for high laccase enzymes. The production of laccase enzyme by Marasmius sp. from the bark of cocoa beans can be done using a simple bioreactor with an incubation time of 0 14 days that can affect the growth and metabolic activities of marasmius sp. The research is aimed to determine the optimum incubation time of 0 14 days which is able to produce laccase enzyme with highest activity using a simple bioreactor. The production of enzyme is done using the bark of cocoa beans with a size of 60 mesh added with the solution of yeast extract and glucose with the temperature condition of 32. The sample collection is done every 12 hours to measure the activity of laccase enzyme using the spectrophotometry method. The result shows that the highest and lowest laccase activity was successfully produced by day 10 (15,1 U/l) day 5 (2,88U/l) Based on the results, it can be concluded that the optimal time growth of marasmius sp. is on the day 10 for the production of laccase enzyme.
Understanding and Interpretation of Case Fatality Rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Venue: Journal of Korean medical science
Year: 2020

Case fatality rate (CFR) is the proportion of the number of deaths divided by the number of confirmed patients of a disease, which has been used to assess and compare the severity of the epidemic between countries. The rates can also be used to assess the healthcare capacity in response to the outbreak. To date, there appear to be wide variations in CFR of COVID 19 among countries  The current CFR in Korea is 1.3% (120 deaths out of 9,037 confirmed cases) as of March 25, 2020,2 while the CFRs are 9.5% in Italy, 7.9% in Iran, 6.6% in Spain, and 4.0% in
Magnetic Resonance Perfusion or Fractional Flow Reserve in Coronary Disease.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine
Year: 2019

In patients with stable angina, two strategies are often used to guide revascularization: one involves myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the other involves invasive angiography and measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) Whether a cardiovascular MRI based strategy is noninferior to an FFR based strategy with respect to major adverse cardiac events has not been established.  We performed an unblinded, multicenter, clinical effectiveness trial by randomly assigning 918 patients with typical angina and either two or more cardiovascular risk factors or a positive exercise treadmill test to a cardiovascular MRI based strategy or an FFR based strategy. Revascularization was recommended for patients in the cardiovascular MRI group with ischemia in at least 6% of the myocardium or in the FFR group with an FFR of 0.8 or less. The composite primary outcome was death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization within 1 year. The noninferiority margin was a risk difference of 6 percentage points.  A total of 184 of 454 patients (40.5% in the cardiovascular MRI group and 213 of 464 patients (45.9% in the FFR group met criteria to recommend revascularization (P 0.11) Fewer patients in the cardiovascular MRI group than in the FFR group underwent index revascularization (162 [35.7% vs. 209 [45.0% P 0.005) The primary outcome occurred in 15 of 421 patients (3.6% in the cardiovascular MRI group and 16 of 430 patients (3.7% in the FFR group (risk difference, 0.2 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 2.4) findings that met the noninferiority threshold. The percentage of patients free from angina at 12 months did not differ significantly between the two groups (49.2% in the cardiovascular MRI group and 43.8% in the FFR group, P 0.21) CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable angina and risk factors for coronary artery disease, myocardial perfusion cardiovascular MRI was associated with a lower incidence of coronary revascularization than FFR and was noninferior to FFR with respect to major adverse cardiac events. (Funded by the Guy's and St. Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre of the National Institute for Health Research and others; MR INFORM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01236807.
Informal cross border trade in Africa
Year: 2019

This chapter aims to propose an assessment of the reality of informal trade in Africa, particularly in agriculture: How is it defined? What are its determinants? What is its magnitude, both in terms of traded products and countries involved? We present two interesting initiatives that are intended to assess the phenomenon of ICBT in African regions: (1) an initiative coordinated by the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (ComitA(c) permanent Inter A%0tat de Lutte contre la SA(c)cheresse au Sahel, abbreviated as CILSS) and implemented by the West African Association for Cross Border Trade in Agro forestry pastoral and Fisheries Products (AOCTAH, Association Ouest Africaine du Commerce Transfrontalier des produits Alimentaires, Agro sylvo pastoraux et Halieutiques) that measures informal/unrecorded trade in agricultural commodities in West Africa; and (2) an initiative designed by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBoS) and Bank of Uganda (BoU) which assesses informal/unrecorded trade in agricultural and industrial commodities at UgandaaEUR(tm)s borders with its neighboring countries.
The semiotics of the message and the messenger: How nonverbal communication affects fairness perception
Venue: Cognitive, affective behavioral neuroscience
Year: 2019

Nonverbal communication determines much of how we perceive explicit, verbal messages. Facial expressions and social touch, for example, influence affinity and conformity. To understand the interaction between nonverbal and verbal information, we studied how the psychophysiological time course of semiotics the decoding of the meaning of a message is altered by interpersonal touch and facial expressions. A virtual reality based economic decision making game, ultimatum, was used to investigate how participants perceived, and responded to, financial offers of variable levels of fairness. In line with previous studies, unfair offers evoked medial frontal negativity (MFN) within the N2 time window, which has been interpreted as reflecting an emotional reaction to violated social norms. Contrary to this emotional interpretation of the MFN, however, nonverbal signals did not modulate the MFN component, only affecting fairness perception during the P3 component. This suggests that the nonverbal context affects the late, but not the early, stage of fairness perception. We discuss the implications of the semiotics of the message and the messenger as a process by which parallel information sources of "who says what" are integrated in reverse order: of the message, then the messenger. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.3758/s13415 019 00738 8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Liability of Substitute Notary in Deed Correction
Venue: International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
Year: 2019

A notary who is taking leave must hand over his/ her notary protocol to substitute notary. Thus, the substitute notary will be liable to the protocol of the notary that he/ she replaced. When a substitute notary holds a position, in addition to new jobs, there are still jobs that have not been completed by the notary that he/ she replaced. In carrying out the notarial practices, a notary may type incorrect information on a deed. Errors in typing a notary deed are not deliberate intention but merely negligence or carelessness of the notary. Therefore, the information written on a notary deed does not match the actual information that should be included in the deed. These thesis problems include: first is about the form of the liability of substitute notary in deed correction and the second is about the legal consequences of corrected deed by substitute notary. This research was conducted using normative juridical research methods. The results of the research showed that the form of liability of substitute notary is classified into four points, which include: the first is civil liability of substitute notary on the deed that he/ she made, second is the criminal liability of substitute notary on the deed that he/ she made, third is the liability of substitute notary based on Law on Notary Position on the deed that he/ she made, and fourth is liability of substitute notary in carrying out his/ her position based on a code of ethics. The liability of substitute notary is only limited to the deed that he/ she made. The liability for the deed ends since he/ she has stopped serving as substitute notary. Regarding legal consequences of the deed corrected by substitute notary, if it violates the provisions in Article 51 Law on Notary Position, it only has the power of proof as private deed. In this case, the party experiencing the loss has a reason to demand reimbursement, compensation, and interest to the notary.
Semi Supervised Graph Regularized Deep NMF With Bi Orthogonal Constraints for Data Representation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Year: 2020

Semi supervised non negative matrix factorization (NMF) exploits the strengths of NMF in effectively learning local information contained in data and is also able to achieve effective learning when only a small fraction of data is labeled. NMF is particularly useful for dimensionality reduction of high dimensional data. However, the mapping between the low dimensional representation, learned by semi supervised NMF, and the original high dimensional data contains complex hierarchical and structural information, which is hard to extract by using only single layer clustering methods. Therefore, in this article, we propose a new deep learning method, called semi supervised graph regularized deep NMF with bi orthogonal constraints (SGDNMF) SGDNMF learns a representation from the hidden layers of a deep network for clustering, which contains varied and unknown attributes. Bi orthogonal constraints on two factor matrices are introduced into our SGDNMF model, which can make the solution unique and improve clustering performance. This improves the effect of dimensionality reduction because it only requires a small fraction of data to be labeled. In addition, SGDNMF incorporates dual hypergraph Laplacian regularization, which can reinforce high order relationships in both data and feature spaces and fully retain the intrinsic geometric structure of the original data. This article presents the details of the SGDNMF algorithm, including the objective function and the iterative updating rules. Empirical experiments on four different data sets demonstrate state of the art performance of SGDNMF in comparison with six other prominent algorithms.
FAR FROM THE CITY LIGHTS: ENGLISH READING PERFORMANCE OF ESL LEARNERS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOL
Year: 2012

In this paper, the findings of a research study, in which the English reading performances of Grade 7 English Second Language (ESL) learners in four different types of rural primary school which use English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) were observed, are examined and how poor scores can be partly explained by the social context of learners and schools is explored. Although the Language in Education Policy in South Africa seeks to distribute and maintain the linguistic capital of the official languages through its support of multilingualism, the predominant preference for English as the LoLT in schooling disadvantages most ESL learners and perpetuates inequality in learner outcomes. This situation is exacerbated in certain school contexts such as those in rural settings. Bourdieu's theory of linguistic capital and Coleman's distinction between school social capital and home social capital are used as theoretical frameworks to the empirical inquiry undertaken in this study. The findings indicate a difference in the grammar and comprehension scores of learners in the respective participating schools as well as a sharp difference in the performance of learners in the different types of school involved. This suggests the current use of English as the LoLT does not mean that linguistic capital is equally distributed throughout schools. School type can thus act as an agent of cultural reproduction which influences learner outcomes.
Sansevieria Trifasciata Fibre and Composites: A Review of Recent Developments
Year: 2020

Sansevieria trifasciata fibre has low costs, wide availability, high specific strength, renewability and low density and can be used as reinforcement in polymer composites. This review aims to evaluate the recent developments in Sansevieria trifasciata fibre and its application in polymer composites. This was done to evaluate the progress of research, identify knowledge gaps and predict interesting areas for future work. Extraction of Sansevieria trifasciata fibre is mainly by decortication and water retting. The composites are prepared mostly by hand lay up and cured by either compression molding (cold or hot press) or casting. The surface treatment of S. trifasciata fibre can enhance the fibre matrix interfacial adhesion and improve the mechanical properties of the composites. S. trifasciata fibre reinforced composites have relatively good mechanical properties, which depend on processing methods, fibre loading, fibre length and fibre orientation. Future work is suggested in the area of detailed chemical compositions, novel preparation techniques, evaluation of electrical properties, lifecycle analysis and techno economic analysis.