nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling of Roughness Changing of Hard Metal Coatings Obtained by Contactless Electrospark Deposition
Venue: Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry
Year: 2019

Results of the roughness studies of multicomponent hard metal layers on X12 tool steel (210Cr12/1.8 2.2% C, 12%Cr) obtained by contactless local electrospark deposition using two types hard metal electrodes (WC TaC Co Al2O3 and WC (Ti, Ta, Nb)C Co Al2O3) are presented here. Dense, smooth, and uniform coatings with a good repeatability of properties have been obtained. The minimal and maximal values of thickness d, of the roughness parameter Ra, and of micro hardness HV of obtained coatings are changed by altering the stratification regimes in borders: d 3 12 mm, Ra 0.8 2.2 mm and HV 8.5 18 GPa, respectively. The influence of the process parameters and the electrode composition on the roughness of the layers obtained have been studied. Mathematical statistical models and equations describing the roughness of the coatings have been created and worked out. They enable obtaining of coatings with a predetermined roughness by controlling regime parameters. Specific ways of obtaining coatings with reduced roughness at the maximum possible thickness, as well as recommendations for their appropriate application, have also been proposed and justified. Based on the obtained regression equations and graphical dependencies, it is possible to optimize properties of the coatings and the conditions of their deposition in order to obtain maximum tribo effect and increased performance properties of the coated surfaces for different cases of exploitation.
Simulation of a Random Profile of the Sea Surface
Year: 2017

We consider the problem of simulation of the slope field of a random surface profile, which is represented as a sum of a finite number of sinusoids with random phases. The behavior of the correlation function of the slopes is studied for equidistant and nonequidistant locations of the nodes of the model field spectrum on the frequency axis. A new node location method, which is based on the equalization of the amplitudes of the spectral components of the actual slope field and ensures maximum proximity of the correlation functions of the model and actual fields over the entire region of their definition, is proposed. Using this method, one can significantly reduce the number of the summed harmonics during the simulation of the sea wind waves. The problem of fluctuations of the above water irradiance is studied using the proposed slope simulation method and, as a result, its application efficiency is proved.
Swarm robotics: Robustness, scalability, and self X features in industrial applications
Venue: it Inf. Technol.
Year: 2019

Applying principles of swarm intelligence to the control of autonomous systems in industry can advance our ability to manage complexity in prominent and high cost sectors such as transportation, logistics, and construction. In swarm robotics, the exclusive use of decentralized control relying on local communication and information provides the key advantage first of scalability, and second of robustness against failure points. These are directly useful in certain applied tasks that can be studied in laboratory environments, such as self assembly and self organized construction. In this article, we give a brief introduction to swarm robotics for a broad audience, with the intention of targeting future industrial applications. We then present a summary of four examples of our recently published research results with simple models. First, we present our approach to self reconfiguration, which uses collective adjustment of swarm density in a dynamic setting. Second, we describe our robot experiments for self organized material deployment in structured and semi structured environments, applicable to braided composites. Third, we present our machine learning approach for self assembly, motivated as a simple model developing foundational methods, which generates self organizing robot behaviors to form emergent patterns. Fourth, we describe our experiments implementing a bioinspired model in a robot swarm, where we show self healing of damage as the robots collectively locate a resource. Overall, the four examples we present concern robustness, scalability, and self X features, which we propose as potentially relevant to future research in swarm robotics applied to industry sectors. We summarize these approaches as an introduction to our recent research, targeting the broad audience of this journal.
Concepts and forms of greenwashing: a systematic review
Year: 2020

The aggravation of environmental problems has led companies to seek the development and commercialization of green products. Some companies mislead their stakeholders through a phenomenon called greenwashing.  This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of greenwashing through a systematic literature review in search of its main concepts and typologies in the past 10 years. This research has followed the proceedings of a systematic review of the literature, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) We identified a major classification of greenwashing: firm level executional, firm level claim, product level executional, and product level claim.  It was possible to highlight and catalog the types of the phenomenon. A structure based on such type has been observed in the literature.
Large Scale Adversarial Representation Learning
Venue: NeurIPS
Year: 2019

Adversarially trained generative models (GANs) have recently achieved compelling image synthesis results. But despite early successes in using GANs for unsupervised representation learning, they have since been superseded by approaches based on self supervision. In this work we show that progress in image generation quality translates to substantially improved representation learning performance. Our approach, BigBiGAN, builds upon the state of the art BigGAN model, extending it to representation learning by adding an encoder and modifying the discriminator. We extensively evaluate the representation learning and generation capabilities of these BigBiGAN models, demonstrating that these generation based models achieve the state of the art in unsupervised representation learning on ImageNet, as well as in unconditional image generation. Pretrained BigBiGAN models including image generators and encoders are available on TensorFlow Hub (https:/tfhub.dev/s?publisher=deepmind&q=bigbigan)
Impact factor volatility due to a single paper: A comprehensive analysis
Venue: Quantitative Science Studies
Year: 2020

We study how a single paper affects the impact factor (IF) of a journal by analyzing data from 3,088,511 papers published in 11639 journals in the 2017 Journal Citation Reports of Clarivate Analytics. We find that IFs are highly volatile. For example, the top cited paper of 381 journals caused their IF to increase by more than 0.5 points, while for 818 journals the relative increase exceeded 25% One in 10 journals had their IF boosted by more than 50% by their top three cited papers. Because the single paper effect on the IF is inversely proportional to journal size, small journals are rewarded much more strongly than large journals for a highly cited paper, while they are penalized more for a low cited paper, especially if their IF is high. This skewed reward mechanism incentivizes high IF journals to stay small to remain competitive in rankings. We discuss the implications for breakthrough papers appearing in prestigious journals. We question the reliability of IF rankings given the high IF sensitivity to a few papers that affects thousands of journals.
Functional performance and safety of bone anchored prostheses in persons with a transfemoral or transtibial amputation: a prospective one year follow up cohort study
Venue: Clinical rehabilitation
Year: 2019

(1) To compare level of function, activity, health related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction in persons with a lower extremity amputation before surgery and 6 and 12 months after implantation of an osseointegration implant and (2) to report adverse events.  Prospective cohort study.  University medical centre.  A total of 40 consecutive persons (median age: 56 years) who received a transfemoral (31) or transtibial (9) osseointegration implant, between April 2014 and March 2016.  Osseointegration implant surgery followed by a predefined rehabilitation programme.  Hip abductor strength, prosthetic use, back pain frequency, postoperative pain, mobility level (Timed Up and Go (TUG) and wheelchair boundedness) walking ability (6 minute walking test (6MWT) and walking distance in daily life) HRQoL, satisfaction regarding the prosthesis, and adverse events.  Strength, prosthetic use, walking distance, HRQoL, and satisfaction level increased significantly at 6 and 12 month follow up compared to baseline (P 0.002) The TUG showed no change at 6 month follow up (P 0.420) but improved significantly at 12 month follow up compared to baseline (P 0.005) Wheelchair boundedness decreased from 12/40 participants at baseline to 0 at follow ups. The 6MWT (P 0.038) and back pain (P 0.437) did not change over time. Stump pain was present in 28/39 and 22/40 of the participants at 6 and 12 month follow up, respectively. The major adverse events were managed successfully and included three dual cone breakages and four bone fractures. An uneventful course was completed by 19/31 transfemoral and 4/9 transtibial bone anchored prostheses users.  Bone anchored prostheses lead to improved performance and appear to be safe, so they might be considered for persons with socket related problems.
MEASURING RESILIENCE OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS USING ENTROPY A TEMPORAL CASE STUDY FROM OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Year: 2020

Social organizations are ubiquitous in our everyday life, ranging from the project team we are working in to the special interest group we are contributing to, online. For our study, we focus on communities of software developers from Open Source Software projects such as the Gentoo Linux operating system, or the igraph programming library. The developers in such a community collaborate with the goal to develop and maintain their particular Open Source Software. In order to survive, these communities have to mitigate issues such as software malfunctions, or losses of keydevelopers. To solve these issues, the developers can interact with their peers, for example, to distribute tasks, to discuss possible solutions, to write code together, etc. We argue that the more ways there are in which different developers can interact, the broader is the repertoire of possible solutions the community can come up with. However, how the developers interact, is subject to constraints. For example, if two developers have to interact often to develop a particular software component together, they have less time available to interact with other peers. Our aim is to develop a method to assess how strongly the interactions among all developers in a community are restricted by such constraints.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN BEBERAPA KANDUNGAN ZAT GIZI PADA LIMA SAMPEL MADU YANG BEREDAR DI SUPERMARKET
Year: 2020

Honey is one of the herbal supplements for increasing body health. The nutrient content in honey products can be reduced due to its processing, packing, storage, and industrial process. This study aimed to analyze the characteristic of honey and some of its nutrient contents of 5 honey samples that disperse among the society. This study was conducted from March to September 2019 in the Ministry of Industry Centre for Agro based Industry Laboratory, Bogor, East Java. Honey samples were obtained from some wholesale supermarkets around the Jakarta area. Total carbohydrate and energy testings were using IK 5.4.5 method. Water content, diastase enzyme activity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, and acidity tests were using the Indonesian National StandardA (SNI) procedure 3545 2013. HPLC method was used to test sucrose, glucose, and fructose, while AOAC 999.11 (9.1.09.2005 method was used to test Cu, Zn, and Fe content. Total carotenoid and flavonoid content were determined using spectrophotometry method.A The result revealed the characteristic of honey samples in this study, including the range of pH (3.56 4.16) water (17 22.9% ashes (0,07 0,59) acidity (7.76 38.3 ml N NaOH 1/kg) and HMF (122 812 mg/kg) content as well as diastase enzyme activity (1.11 17.2 DN) Fructose, glucose, sucrose and reducing sugar content showed were, respectively, 21.5 39.3 gr/100 gr, 25.2 31.4 gr/100 gr, 0.5 1.75 gr/100 gr, and 58.4 71.2% Honey samples contained 309 334 kal/100 gr of energy, 76.8 81.9% of carbohydrate, 0.03 0.39% of protein and 0.10 0.65% of fat. Moreover, their mineral contents observed were 0.03 0.66 mg/kg of Cu, 0.09 3.13 mg/kg of Zn, and 1.59 20.1 mg/kg of Fe. Finally, total flavonoid and carotenoid of honey samples were, respectively, 0.02 0.07 (b/b) and 0.05 0.64 mg/kg.
Joseph Stalin and the development of Tank Forces of the Red Army in the 1930's early 1940's
Year: 2019

The author attempts to analyze the totality of ideas and opinions of I.V. Stalin on the development of tank weapons in the 1930s. Documents of RGASPI and RGVA archives were used as the sources. Influenced by a series of 'military alarms, Stalin began to closely engage with issues of tank construction in the late 1920s, and initiated a large scale program for equipping the Red Army with tanks. The program was to ensure the military technical superiority of the USSR over its likely opponents, with the goal to compensate for the overall backlog. As the USSR was unable to create its own modern tanks, in 1930 the Soviet leadership purchased several dozen military vehicles abroad. Stalin personally controlled the procurement process, often intervening in the process; he also attended demonstrations of tests vehicles and decided on the number of tanks that were to be produced. At the same time he closely followed the technical innovations in foreign armies. The study of Stalin's interest in tanks reveals that in the early 1930s, the Soviet leader thought of the tank weapon as an 'asymmetrical alternative' to overcome the broader gap in preparation for war. The present article analyses how Stalin read the documents that were sent to him; this analysis demonstrates that Stalin was more likely to seek confirmation for his existing views than to actually use the documents for coming to new conclusions. In general, Stalin's ideas and opinions on tank issues were based on political, economic and logical considerations rather than on military expertise. One case in point is his support for M.N. Tukhachevskii when the latter called for the massive production of surrogate tanks based on tractors. In the mid 1930s, when the army had already received thousands of new tanks, Stalin shifted his emphasis from issues of equipment to the quality of the personnel, while at the same time demanding a simplification of machinery down to the level of a 'crewman with skills that are just medium or even lower. But on the eve of the war, the Soviet leader again returned to the need for a qualitative and numerical growth of armored forces. Finally, Stalin analysed how tank forces were used during the Winter War against Finland and in the first years of war in Europe, but he remained unable to assess the strike potential of this weapon and its role in the future war with Nazi Germany.
Commonplace diversity and the 'ethos of mixing' perceptions of difference in a London neighbourhood
Year: 2011

The London Borough of Hackney is one of the most diverse places in Britain. It is characterised by a multiplicity of ethnic minorities, different migration histories, religions, educational and economic backgrounds both among long term residents and newcomers. This article describes attitudes towards diversity in such a 'super diverse' context. It develops the notion of 'commonplace diversity' referring to cultural diversity being experienced as a normal part of social life. While many people mix across cultural differences in public and associational space, this is rarely translated into private relations. However, this is not perceived as a problem, as long as people adhere to a tacit 'ethos of mixing' This comes to the fore in relation to groups who are blamed to 'not want to mix' in public and associational space. The article discusses the fine balance between acceptable and unacceptable social divisions in relation to specific groups who are seen to lead separate lives.
Human emotion and the uncanny valley: A GLM, MDS, and Isomap analysis of robot video ratings
Venue: 2008 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI)
Year: 2008

The eerie feeling attributed to human looking robots and animated characters may be a key factor in our perceptual and cognitive discrimination of the human and humanlike. This study applies regression, the generalized linear model (GLM) factor analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and kernel isometric mapping (Isomap) to analyze ratings of 27 emotions of 18 moving figures whose appearance varies along a human likeness continuum. The results indicate (1) Attributions of eerie and creepy better capture our visceral reaction to an uncanny robot than strange. (2) Eerie and creepy are mainly associated with fear but also shocked, disgusted, and nervous. Strange is less strongly associated with emotion. (3) Thus, strange may be more cognitive, while eerie and creepy are more perceptual/emotional. (4) Human features increase ratings of human likeness. (5) Women are slightly more sensitive to eerie and creepy than men; and older people may be more willing to attribute human likeness to a robot despite its eeriness.
The Principle of "Following the Way the Human Body Works" in the Construction of an Eco City
Year: 2017

"Of all creatures, man is the most highly endowed." A human body is perfectly structured, quick witted, responsive, coordinated, and flexible. Enlightened by such a configuration, structure, functions and working systems, we have arrived at innovative management principles such as "Following the Way the Human Body Works" "One Centralis" "Tertiary Structure and Two Stage Reflex" "Five Processes" "The Function of Information" "Self regulation of Organs" and so on. The application of such principles in the construction of an eco city is helpful in bringing the city into full play in the promotion of eco civilization, and especially in improving values, means of production, lifestyles, green development, and the promotion of harmony between man and nature and between man and society.
Clinical coaches in nursing and midwifery practice: Facilitating point of care workplace learning and development
Year: 2017

Contemporary demands for workplace learning and development in real time have guided one health service to create a new role, that of the clinical coach. Clinical coaches provide point of care educational interventions to achieve clinical skill and practice development for nurses and midwives and to stimulate a culture of learning and development within the organisation. Clinical coaches use coaching processes and mantras, facilitation skills, practice development principles, adult learning strategies, supported practice and clinical assessment tools to achieve these goals within a person centred philosophy. Specific point of care accountabilities of the coaches related to staff development include supporting clinical induction requirements, supporting preceptor and learner practices, supporting evidence based clinical development, ensuring that mandatory training requirements are met, and coaching for the maintenance of safe and competent practice. The clinical coach role has evolved throughout the health service over a number of years. Organisational data reveal the acceptability of the coaching role in the organisation along with successful outcomes. Based on this case experience, it is recommended that other health services consider clinical coaching as a relevant mechanism for advancing point of care workplace integrated learning and development.
Comparative in vitro efficacy of kefir produced from camel, goat, ewe and cow milk on Haemonchus contortus.
Venue: Journal of helminthology
Year: 2019

One of the great challenges of veterinary parasitology is the search for alternative methods for controlling gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants. Milk kefir is a traditional source of probiotic, with great therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effects of kefir on the abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus from sheep. The study used camel, goat, ewe and cow milk as a starting material, to produce camel, goat, cow and ewe milk kefir. All kefirs showed a significant concentration dependent effect on H. contortus egg hatching at all tested concentrations. The highest inhibition (100% of eggs was observed with camel milk kefir at a concentration 0.125 mg/ml. In relation to the effect of kefirs on the survival of adult parasites, all kefirs induced concentration dependent mortality in adults, with variable results. The complete mortality (100% of adults of H. contortus occurred at concentrations in the range 0.25 2 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of motility (100% of worms was observed after 8 h post exposure with camel milk kefir at 0.25 mg/ml. These findings indicate that kefir can be considered a potential tool to control haemonchosis in sheep. Further investigations are needed to assess the active molecules in kefir responsible for its anthelmintic properties and to investigate similar in vivo effects.
A New Color Based Optical Flow Algorithm for Environment Mapping Using a Mobile Robot
Venue: 2007 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Intelligent Control
Year: 2007

Environment mapping from a video sequence is considered to be one of the most important problems in computer vision because of its application in surveillance, virtual reality, autonomous navigation, multimedia communications, medical prognosis, etc. In this paper, we have presented an optical flow based method for environment mapping. It uses a new color based optical flow computation technique. The camera, which is mounted on a mobile robot, is kept perpendicular to the direction of motion, and the captured set of images is used to compute the dense depth map. We have used a Kalman filter to denoise the depth map.
Relationship between serum urate concentration and clinically evident incident gout: an individual participant data analysis
Venue: Annals of the rheumatic diseases
Year: 2018

To provide estimates of the cumulative incidence of gout according to baseline serum urate.  Using individual participant data from four publicly available cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, and both the Original and Offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study) the cumulative incidence of clinically evident gout was calculated according to baseline serum urate category. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to evaluate the relation of baseline urate categories to risk of incident gout.  This analysis included 18 889 participants who were gout free at baseline, with mean (SD) 11.2 (4.2) years and 212 363 total patient years of follow up. The cumulative incidence at each time point varied according to baseline serum urate concentrations, with 15 year cumulative incidence (95% CI) ranging from 1.1% (0.9 to 1.4) for <6 mg/dL to 49% (31 to 67) for =10 mg/dL. Compared with baseline serum urate <6 mg/dL, the adjusted HR for baseline serum urate 6.0 6.9 mg/dL was 2.7, for 7.0 7.9 mg/dL was 6.6, for 8.0 8.9 mg/dL was 15, for 9.0 9.9 mg/dL was 30, and for =10 mg/dL was 64.  Serum urate level is a strong non linear concentration dependent predictor of incident gout. Nonetheless, only about half of those with serum urate concentrations =10mg/dL develop clinically evident gout over 15 years, implying a role for prolonged hyperuricaemia and additional factors in the pathogenesis of gout.