nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Peak current estimation using simplified current rise model of switched reluctance generator operating in single pulse mode
Year: 2020

This paper proposes a simplified current rise model to estimate the steady state peak current of the switched reluctance generator for variety of operational conditions such as speed, dc link voltage, turn off position and turn off current level. This model requires machine magnetization characteristics which are obtained from an experimental setup of an 8/6 pole machine in this study. The current rise is estimated in a given generation interval using the turn off current level and position as the information. This interval can be subdivided into multiple segments for better accuracy, however, this increment in number of sub interval is beneficial up to certain extent. Interestingly, with the increased number of segments, the proposed model captures the dynamics of the current rise in the generation interval with good accuracy, except near to unaligned position. The proposed model is benchmarked against an existing non linear model which uses energy based approach. The model with 1, 5, and 10 segments give maximum error of 20 7.1 and 6.6 respectively, in the estimation of peak current. Thus, the proposed model with 5 or 10 segments can be used as a fast alternative to dynamic simulation models for steady state peak current estimation.
Emphasizing the Role of Proteins in Construction of the Developmental Genetic Toolkit in Plants
Year: 2014

The diversity in land plants due to size, shape, and form is the combined result of different developmental processes for adult plant formation from the zygote and their evolution. The ancestral patterning toolkit designed by Floyd  for land plants was constructed by using developmentally important gene families that are responsible for flowering plant growth, patterning, and differentiation. In this chapter we search for the candidate genes, which are important for different stages of embryogenesis of the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana in light of the dynamical patterning modules concept. This is a novel idea that Newman [2] applied to build a developmental genetic toolkit by using a set of genes that mobilize the physical processes that are important in metazoan development. In this chapter we focus on a small number of gene families, which are related to physical characteristics, such as turgor pressure, asymmetric cell division, asymmetric distribution of cellular components, anisotropic expansion, and dynamics in merstemic cell maintenance and finally establish their evolutionary developmental (evo devo) roles in land plant development with a functional/biological analysis.
A huge number of artificial waste material can be supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for concrete production a review part II
Year: 2017

Concrete is heavily used as a construction material in modern society. With the growth in urbanization and industrialization, the demand for concrete is increasing day by days. Therefore, raw materials and natural resources are required in large quantities for concrete production worldwide. At the same time, a considerable quantity of industrial waste, agricultural waste and other types of solid material disposal are posing serious environmental issues. To minimize and reduce the negative impact of the concrete industry through the explosive usage of raw materials, the use of artificial wastes as supplementary cementitious materials, the source of which are both reliable and suitable for alternative preventive solutions promotes the environmental sustainability of the industry. This paper reviews the possible use of industrial and agricultural wastes as a supplementary cementitious material in the production of concrete. It aims to exhibit the idea of utilizing these wastes by elaborating upon their engineering, physical and chemical properties. This provides a summary of the existing knowledge about the successful use of artificial wastes such as fly ash, slag, silica fume, rice husk ash, palm oil fuel ash, sugar cane bagasse ash, wood waste ash, bamboo leaf ash, and corn cob ash in the concrete industry.
Street tree grate
Year: 2011

The present invention, comprise a bottom and side supports, in the constant array floor on the roadside protective cover to adjust the water evaporation in the dryer to give a shutter function, and to give it the heat insulating function so as to prevent the trees East in cold weather having a through hole formed in the support frame; Shutter by a control means which is coupled to the corresponding through hole of the support frame so as to open and close the said aperture and; Consists of a panel structure to form the surface of the protective cover is disposed spaced to the upper shutter, the upper panel being vertically slotted holes formed regularly arranged over the entire surface of the panel; characterized by comprising a.
Nearby Threats: Reversing, Analyzing, and Attacking Google's 'Nearby Connections' on Android
Venue: NDSS
Year: 2019

Google's Nearby Connections API enables any An droid (and Android Things) application to provide proximity based services to its users, regardless of their network connectivity.The API uses Bluetooth BR/EDR, Bluetooth LE and Wi Fi to let"nearby" clients (discoverers) and servers (advertisers) connectand exchange different types of payloads. The implementation ofthe API is proprietary, closed source and obfuscated. The updatesof the API are automatically installed by Google across differentversions of Android, without user interaction. Little is knownpublicly about the security guarantees offered by the API, eventhough it presents a significant attack surface.In this work we present the first security analysis of theGoogle's Nearby Connections API, based on reverse engineeringof its Android implementation. We discover and implement sev eral attacks grouped into two families: connection manipulation(CMA) and range extension attacks (REA) CMA attacks allow anattacker to insert himself as a man in the middle and manipulateconnections (even unrelated to nearby) and to tamper withthe victim's interface and network configuration. REA attacksallow an attacker to tunnel any nearby connection to remotelocations, even between two honest devices. Our attacks areenabled by REArby, a toolkit we developed while reversingthe API implementation. REArby includes a dynamic binaryinstrumenter, a packet dissector, and the implementations ofcustom Nearby Connections client and server. We plan to open source REArby after a responsible disclosure period.
What does Pfizer's merger mean for drug development?
Venue: The Lancet
Year: 2016

During the past 15 years, Pfizer has cumulatively spent US$230 billion to buy up big drug developers including Warner Lambert, Pharmacia, Wyeth, and Hospira. At the end of 2015, Pfi zer struck again, announcing plans to merge with Allergan, the maker of botox, in a $160 billion deal. The transaction, the biggest in the history of health care, is set to make Pfi zer the world's largest drug company by sales. The main driver behind the deal, say analysts, was Pfizer's desire to reduce its tax exposure. Whereas the company headquarters are currently in New York, NY, USA, Allergan is currently based in Dublin, Ireland. Pfi zer, as a result of the merger, will move its corporate headquarters to Ireland, where it will face a lower tax rate. Pfi zer's current tax rate is around 25% but will drop to below 20% after the deal closes, saving the company billions of dollars. In 2014, Pfizer made a similarly huge but ultimately rebuffed bid to buy UK based AstraZeneca to achieve tax savings.
Experimental study on thermal performance of high temperature molten salt cascaded latent heat thermal energy storage system
Year: 2018

In this paper, a series of experiments on the high temperature cascaded molten salt latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system are carried out to investigate its charging and discharging behavior. First, three kinds of carbonates are chosen as the phase change materials (PCM) and their thermal properties are measured. They are PCM1 (34.83 wt% Li2CO3 65.17 wt% K2CO3) PCM2 (46.59 wt% Li2CO3 53.41 wt% K2CO3) and PCM3 (22.0 wt% Li2CO3 62.0 wt% K2CO3 16.0 wt% Na2CO3) The melting temperatures are 499.7 degC, 483.9 degC and 422.0 degC respectively, indicating that the materials can be combined as cascaded PCM. Second, the above mentioned materials have been adopted to the charging and discharging experiments. The temperature evolution during the charging process reveals that the issue of non thoroughly melting in the non cascaded LHTES is solved by using the cascaded LHTES. Moreover, compared to the non cascaded LHTES, the melting time is shortened, and the final temperature of the PCM is increased by at most 21 degC in the cascaded LHTES. Furthermore, the thermal performance of the cascaded LHTES and the non cascaded LHTES under various working conditions is investigated. The parameters of HTF inlet temperature and the flow rate during the charging process under different working conditions are as follows. 570 degC 260 kg*h 1 for the condition a, 600 degC 260 kg*h 1 for the condition b, and 600 degC 220 kg*h 1 for the condition g. Under the three working conditions, the overall heat storage and release quantities of the cascaded LHTES are higher than those of the non cascaded LHTES by 39.51% and 35.74% at most, respectively. The average charging powers and the average discharging powers of the cascaded LHTES are at most 38.40% and 27.02% higher than those of the non cascaded LHTES, respectively. Finally, the influence of HTF inlet temperature and flow rate on the charging and discharging performance of the cascaded LHTES and the non cascaded LHTES has been analyzed. The conclusions drawn in this research can provide a theoretical basis for the application of the high temperature molten salt cascaded LHTES system in concentrating solar power plants.
The Corporate Governance Obsession
Year: 2014

Corporate governance has become a central concern of our time. For a variety of problems from corruption and economic development to systemic risk and rising inequality corporate governance reform has surfaced as a favored policy response. But while the costs and benefits of specific corporate governance practices have been the object of an extensive literature, the driving forces and general merits of this relentless emphasis on corporate governance have received much less attention. This Article explores the origins and scrutinizes the implications of the obsession with corporate governance as a solution to a constellation of economic and social ills. It suggests that the ascent of the corporate governance movement coincided with the growing distrust of government in the last decades. Ironically, one reaction was to treat the corporation as a metaphor for government, transposing to the corporate context the framework and remedies typical of government, such as "checks and balances" and democracy. The compromise character of the corporate governance agenda explains its political palatability and resilience: it appeals to progressives as a path for social and economic change in the face of political resistance to greater state intervention, while pleasing conservative forces as an acceptable concession to deflect growing governmental intrusion in private affairs. Corporate governance thus emerges as a midway solution between markets and government. Whether it is worth the candle, however, remains an open question. Any careful normative assessment of the corporate governance obsession must consider not only the effects of specific corporate governance practices but also the extent to which they crowd out alternative policy approaches. The Article then concludes by speculating on the future of the corporate governance obsession.
Hierarchical polymeric scaffolds support the growth of MC3T3 E1 cells
Venue: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Year: 2015

Tissue engineering makes use of the principles of biology and engineering to sustain 3D cell growth and promote tissue repair and/or regeneration. In this study, macro/microporous scaffold architectures have been developed using a hybrid solid freeform fabrication/thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Poly(lactic co glycolic acid) (PLGA) dissolved in 1,4 dioxane was used to generate a microporous matrix by the TIPS method. The 3D bioplotting technique was used to fabricate 3D macroporous constructs made of polyethylene glycol (PEG) Embedding the PEG constructs inside the PLGA solution prior to the TIPS process and subsequent extraction of PEG following solvent removal (1,4 dioaxane) resulted in a macro/microporous structure. These hierarchical scaffolds with a bimodal pore size distribution <50 and >300 mm) contained orthogonally interconnected macro channels generated by the extracted PEG. The diameter of the macro channels was varied by tuning the dispensing parameters of the 3D bioplotter. The in vitro cell culture using murine MC3T3 E1 cell line for 21 days demonstrated that these scaffolds could provide a favorable environment to support cell adhesion and growth.
Grounds for Concern: Leasehold Reform and the Future of Home Ownership
Year: 2021

Home ownership in the UK comes in two varieties: freehold and leasehold. Freehold is undivided, unconditional, and permanent home ownership. Leasehold is a more limited form, which is not permanent and shared with the freeholder who retains residual property rights. While leasehold has its benefits, various studies have documented a number of common problems and shown high levels of dissatisfaction among leaseholders. Service and administrative charges are often perceived as excessive and opaque. The statutory processes for enfranchisement, leasehold extension, and collective self management have been described as costly, time consuming, and overly complex. Freehold ownership accounts for more than 80% of housing units in the UK, but the leasehold sector has been growing over the past two and a half decades. The government is rolling out a far reaching reform package to increase transparency and strengthen leaseholders' rights. But there are also grounds for concern. The new system envisages a blanket ban on ground rents for new leaseholds and a controversial ban on new leasehold sales for houses. Ultimately, the rise in leasehold sales cannot be viewed in isolation from the UK's wider housing crisis. Since 1995, UK house prices have increased by a factor of 2.8, compared with an OECD average of 1.5 and a Eurozone average of 1.4. If the government wants to solve that problem, it has to think more holistically and address the causes of the overall housing crisis not try to regulate every detail in any one specific subsector.
Current approaches to treatment of pain in the low part of back
Year: 2008

.VoropaiNG DoroninaOBOpisany sovremennye vzgliady na patogenez ostroi i khronicheskoi boli pri dorsopatii kontseptsiia formirovaniia khronicheskoi boli s vovlecheniem trekh komponentov notsitseptivnogo neiropaticheskogo i psikhogennogo Predlozheny podkhody k patogeneticheskim metodam lecheniia Opisany i obosnovany sovre. mennye podkhody k lecheniiu boli v spine Obobshcheny rezul'taty sobstvennogo opyta primeneniia prepa ratanurofenadliakupirovaniiaostroifazybolevogosindromapribolivnizhneichastispiny Pokazana effektivnost'nurofenadliakupirovaniiaostroibolivnizhneichastispinyipredotvrashcheniiaformiro vaniiakhronicheskogobolevogosindroma .We described the modern point of view in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronicle low back pain, conception of the tree components formation of the chronicle pain: nociceptive, neuropathic and psychogenetic. Whereby, it was offered the ways of the pathogenetic treatment. We described and substantiated the modern way of treatment of the back pain. We generalized the results of our own experience of using Nurophen for treatment of the acute phase of the back pain in the low part of the back. We showed the efficiency of the Nurophen for treatment of the acute pain in the low part of the back and prevention of the formation of the chronicle pain syndrome.
Teaching and Research on Plasma Based Green Energy Technologies and Some Associated Environmental and Societal Impacts
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)
Year: 2019

Plasma based green energy technologies and associated environmental and societal impacts are discussed in this paper. The reported work is a portion of integrated research and academic programs established at Boston University for plasma based technologies, viz. plasma photonics and nanotechnology, plasma medicine, spacecraft propulsion, laser and magnetic plasma fusion as green energy sources, and solar powered systems. Focused for discussions in this paper is our ongoing research work applicable to "plasma fusion energy" and "solar powered systems" because of the public awareness and interest in those subjects. Some potential environmental issues associated with green energy technologies are addressed, to ensure their safe operations to protect our planet. Relevant courses are scheduled in the university curriculum as well as planned as IEEE short courses to broaden the learning of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) for the public.
Enhancing the implementation of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education in the 21st century: A simple and systematic guide
Year: 2019

The world today is in the era of new technology and digital transformation. This new landscape is described as a combination of systems that blur the lines between physical, digital and biological fields. Similarly, the way we work will also be transformed; making it is a must to prepare for such transformations, particularly to prepare professionals with contextual knowledge of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematical (STEM) to acquire Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) A STEM education is an interdisciplinary approach to learning where rigorous academic concepts are coupled with real world lessons. HOTS is a very important asset of engineers in the 4th Industrial Revolution. Thus, a promising approach is needed to strengthen STEM education for our future engineers. This paper systematically describes how the efforts of strengthening learning in STEM education can be achieved with the implementation of Student Centered Learning (SCL) using the simple but just as powerful method, Informal Cooperative Learning (ICL).The world today is in the era of new technology and digital transformation. This new landscape is described as a combination of systems that blur the lines between physical, digital and biological fields. Similarly, the way we work will also be transformed; making it is a must to prepare for such transformations, particularly to prepare professionals with contextual knowledge of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematical (STEM) to acquire Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) A STEM education is an interdisciplinary approach to learning where rigorous academic concepts are coupled with real world lessons. HOTS is a very important asset of engineers in the 4th Industrial Revolution. Thus, a promising approach is needed to strengthen STEM education for our future engineers. This paper systematically describes how the efforts of strengthening learning in STEM education can be achieved with the implementation of Student Centered Learning (SCL) using the simple but just as powerful method, Informal Coop.
Machining of Bone and Hard Tissues
Year: 2016

This book provides an in depth review of state of the art orthopaedic techniques and basic mechanical operations (drilling, boring, cutting, grinding/milling) involved in present day orthopaedic surgery. Casting a light on exploratory hybrid operations, as well as non conventional techniques such as laser assisted operations, this book further extends the discussion to include physical aspects of the surgery in view of material (bone) and process parameters. Featuring detailed discussion of the computational modeling of forces (mechanical and thermal) involved in surgical procedures for the planning and optimization of the process/procedure and system development, this book lays the foundations for efforts towards the future development of improved orthopaedic surgery. With topics including the role of bone machining during surgical operations; the physical properties of the bone which influence the response to any machining operation, and robotic automation, this book will be a valuable and comprehensive literature source for years to come
Self directed use of mobile devices for language learning beyond the classroom
Venue: ReCALL
Year: 2017

The essence of mobile learning is learners' agentic use of mobile devices to create learning experiences across time and space. Thus, understanding learners' perceptions and preferred use of mobile devices for learning are critical to realizing the educational potentials of mobile learning. This study explored language learners' self directed use of mobile devices beyond the classroom through a survey and interview study with foreign language learners at a university in Hong Kong. A total of 256 learners were surveyed and 18 were interviewed to understand the nature of mobile language learning experiences that these learners engaged in autonomously beyond the classroom. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three dimensions of self directed out of class mobile learning experience. Among the three dimensions, learners were found to use mobile devices more for facilitating the personalization of learning than for enhancing the authenticity and social connection in learning. This study further revealed that selective use was an outcome of the interaction between learner defined affordances of the devices, their culturally informed and habitual use of the devices, their perceptions of the nature of the learning tasks, and the tempo spatial circumstances of task implementation. The findings suggest that these factors need to be considered when designing mobile learning activities and educational interventions that promote mobile learning beyond the classroom.
Designing Limitless Path in Virtual Reality Environment
Venue: HCI
Year: 2021

Walking in a Virtual Environment is a bounded task. It is challenging for a subject to navigate a large virtual environment designed in a limited physical space. External hardware support may be required to achieve such an act in a concise physical area without compromising navigation and virtual scene rendering quality. This paper proposes an algorithmic approach to let a subject navigate a limitless virtual environment within a limited physical space with no additional external hardware support apart from the the regular Head Mounted Device (HMD) itself. As part of our work, we developed a Virtual Art Gallery as a use case to validate our algorithm. We conducted a simple user study to gather feedback from the participants to evaluate the ease of locomotion of the application. The results showed that our algorithm could generate limitless paths of our use case under predefined conditions and can be extended to other use cases.