nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Observed activation status of lane departure warning and forward collision warning of Honda vehicles at dealership service centers
Venue: Traffic injury prevention
Year: 2016

There are little objective data on whether drivers with lane departure warning and forward collision warning systems actually use them, but self report data indicate that lane departure warning may be used less and viewed less favorably than forward collision warning. The current study assessed whether the systems were turned on when drivers brought their vehicles to dealership service stations and whether the observational protocol is a feasible method for collecting similar data on various manufacturers' systems.  Observations of 2013 2015 Honda Accords, 2014 2015 Odysseys, and 2015 CR Vs occurred at 2 U.S. Honda dealerships for approximately 4 weeks during Summer 2015.  Of the 265 vehicles observed to have the 2 systems, 87 (32.8% had lane departure warning turned on. Accords were associated with a 66% increase in the likelihood that lane departure warning was turned on compared with Odysseys, but the rate was still only about 40% in Accords. In contrast, forward collision warning was turned on in all but one of the observed vehicles.  Observations found that the activation rate was much higher for forward collision warning than lane departure warning. The observation method worked well and appears feasible for extending to other manufacturers.
Simple tilt compensation algorithm for off axis digital holography
Venue: Other Conferences
Year: 2018

Digital holography is a powerful tool for non contact quantitative phase imaging. Off axis configuration remains a popular choice among the digital holography systems due to its ability to separate the dc and cross terms in the recorded hologram in Fourier spectral space.However, compensating the off axis tilt of the reference wave is one of the open challenges in the off axis digital holography.Deng et al. proposed an off axis tilt compensation method based on hologram rotation [DENG et.al. Opt. Let. 2017] The off axis tilt is removed by subtracting the phase of the digital reference hologram obtained by rotating the original specimen's hologram from the retrieved phase corresponding to the original hologram. Nonetheless, Deng's method is extremely time consuming due to the computation of Fourier transform,inverse Fourier transform and phase unwrapping for many times. In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm to compensate the off axis tilt Firstly, apply Fourier transform to the original off axis hologram, filter out the first order spectrum by band filter, then determine directly the spectrum of digital reference hologram from the spectrum of the original hologram, then filter out the first order spectrum from the spectrum of digital reference hologram, apply inverse Fourier transform to the two first order spectra to obtain two complex fields, then retrieve directly the phase difference from the two complex fields using the direct phase difference algorithm, then unwrap the wrapped phase map by the phase unwrapping algorithm. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results are analyzed and compared with those of Deng's method, demonstrating that our method not only can speed up by more than 50% the calculation time, but also can improve measurement accuracy.
Modification of landslide susceptibility mapping using optimized PSO ANN technique
Venue: Engineering with Computers
Year: 2018

In the present study, we applied artificial neural network (ANN) optimized with particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the problem of landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) prediction. Many studies have revealed that the ANN based techniques are reliable methods for estimating the LSM. However, most ANN training models facing with major problems such as slow degree of learning system as well as being trapped in their local minima. Optimization algorithms (OA) such as PSO can improve performance results of ANN. Existing applications of PSO model to ANN training have not been used in area of landslide mapping, neither assess the optimal architecture of networks nor the influential factors affecting this problem. Hence, the present study focused on the application of a hybrid PSO based ANN model (PSO ANN) to the prediction of landslide susceptibility hazardous mapping. To prepare training and testing datasets for the ANN and PSO ANN network models, large data collection (i.e. a database consists 168970 training datasets and 42243 testing datasets) were provided from an area of Layleh valley, located in Kermanshah, west of Iran. All the variables of PSO algorithm (e.g. in addition to the network parameter and network weights) were optimized to achieve the most reliable maps of landslide susceptibility. The input dataset includes elevation, slope aspect, slope degree, curvature, soil type, lithology, distance to road, distance to river, distance to fault, land use, stream power index (SPI) and topographic wetness index (TWI) where the output was taken landslide susceptibility value. The predicted results (e.g. from ANN, PSO ANN) for both of datasets (e.g. training and testing) of the models were assessed based on two statistical indices namely, coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE) In this study, to evaluate the ability of all methods, color intensity rating (CER) based on the result of above indices was developed. Apart from CER, the total ranking system was also used to rank the obtained statistical indexes. As a result, both models presented good performance, however, according to the introduced ranking system, the PSO ANN model could perform a better performance compared to ANN. According to R2 and RMSE values of (0.9717 and 0.1040) and (0.99131 and 0.0366) were found for training dataset and values of (0.9733 and 0.111) and (0.9899 and 0.0389) obtained for testing dataset, respectively, for the ANN and PSO ANN approximation models, it can be resulted that PSO ANN model showed higher reliability in estimating the LSM compared to the ANN.
Increasing risk of another Cape Town "Day Zero" drought in the 21st century
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2020

The Cape Town "Day Zero" drought was caused by an exceptional 3 y rainfall deficit. Through the use of a higher resolution climate model, our analysis further constrains previous work showing that anthropogenic climate change made this event five to six times more likely relative to the early 20th century. Furthermore, we provide a clear and well supported mechanism for the increase in drought risk in SSA through a dedicated analysis of the circulation response, which highlights how as in 2015 2017 a reduction in precipitation during the shoulder seasons is likely to be the cause of drought risk in southwestern South Africa in the 21st century. Overall, this study greatly increases our confidence in the projections of a drying SSA. Three consecutive dry winters (2015 2017) in southwestern South Africa (SSA) resulted in the Cape Town "Day Zero" drought in early 2018. The contribution of anthropogenic global warming to this prolonged rainfall deficit has previously been evaluated through observations and climate models. However, model adequacy and insufficient horizontal resolution make it difficult to precisely quantify the changing likelihood of extreme droughts, given the small regional scale. Here, we use a high resolution large ensemble to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to the probability of occurrence of multiyear SSA rainfall deficits in past and future decades. We find that anthropogenic climate change increased the likelihood of the 2015 2017 rainfall deficit by a factor of five to six. The probability of such an event will increase from 0.7 to 25% by the year 2100 under an intermediate emission scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2 4.5 [SSP2 4.5] and to 80% under a high emission scenario (SSP5 8.5) These results highlight the strong sensitivity of the drought risk in SSA to future anthropogenic emissions.
Object as Hotspots: An Anchor Free 3D Object Detection Approach via Firing of Hotspots
Venue: ECCV
Year: 2020

Accurate 3D object detection in LiDAR based point clouds suffers from the challenges of data sparsity and irregularities. Existing methods strive to organize the points regularly, e.g. voxelize, pass them through a designed 2D/3D neural network, and then define object level anchors that predict offsets of 3D bounding boxes using collective evidences from all the points on the objects of interest. Contrary to the state of the art anchor based methods, based on the very nature of data sparsity, we observe that even points on an individual object part are informative about semantic information of the object. We thus argue in this paper for an approach opposite to existing methods using object level anchors. Inspired by compositional models, which represent an object as parts and their spatial relations, we propose to represent an object as composition of its interior non empty voxels, termed hotspots, and the spatial relations of hotspots. This gives rise to the representation of Object as Hotspots (OHS) Based on OHS, we further propose an anchor free detection head with a novel ground truth assignment strategy that deals with inter object point sparsity imbalance to prevent the network from biasing towards objects with more points. Experimental results show that our proposed method works remarkably well on objects with a small number of points. Notably, our approach ranked 1st on KITTI 3D Detection Benchmark for cyclist and pedestrian detection, and achieved state of the art performance on NuScenes 3D Detection Benchmark.
Impact of a pharmacist driven intervention on the outpatient dispensing of naloxone.
Venue: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association JAPhA
Year: 2019

To determine whether implementation of a pharmacist driven intervention increased naloxone prescriptions dispensed in outpatient pharmacies within an academic medical center.  Five outpatient pharmacies affiliated with the Wake Forest Baptist Health System located in Forsyth, Davie, and Davidson counties in North Carolina. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Every pharmacy site differs in physical location, customer base, and other provided services. These differences, along with large ranges of prescription volumes and levels of care, provided varying opportunities for naloxone dispensing. PRACTICE INNOVATION Patients at high risk for opioid overdose and who were identified for the pharmacist driven intervention were provided overdose education and an offer to receive naloxone per North Carolina State Health Director's Standing Order. This quasi experimental study included a pre intervention period (3 months) staff education (1 month) and a post intervention period (3 months) The intervention was the patient specific education regarding respiratory depression or overdose risk factors and the offering of a prescription for naloxone. The primary endpoint was reported as the change in naloxone prescriptions dispensed.  The many factors why patients did and did not receive naloxone were discussed including patient understanding, convenience, and other pharmacy factors including workflow changes. Surprisingly, cost did not seem to play a factor in patient's inability to obtain the medication.  Thirty eight patients were eligible for the intervention. Two prescriptions for naloxone were dispensed during the preimplementation period, and 11 prescriptions for naloxone were dispensed during the postimplementation period (n 0.0078)  The number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed increased after implementation of a pharmacist driven intervention. All naloxone prescriptions were filled for patients eligible for study criteria; however, the North Carolina Standing Order allows any patient requesting to receive a naloxone prescription and thus all filled prescriptions were included in the count. Because of pharmacy staff education and overflow from the project into other areas, it is possible that the prescriptions filled for ineligible patients were still due to project efforts.
Magnesium Supplementation Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension via Regulation of Magnesium Transporters.
Venue: Hypertension
Year: 2020

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by profound vascular remodeling and altered Ca2+ homeostasis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) Magnesium ion (Mg2+ a natural Ca2+ antagonist and a cofactor for numerous enzymes, is crucial for regulating diverse cellular functions, but its roles in PH remains unclear. Here, we examined the roles of Mg2+ and its transporters in PH development. Chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline induced significant PH in adult male rats. It was associated with a reduction of [Mg2+]i in PASMCs, a significant increase in gene expressions of Cnnm2, Hip14, Hip14l, Magt1, Mmgt1, Mrs2, Nipa1, Nipa2, Slc41a1, Slc41a2 and Trpm7; upregulation of SLC41A1, SLC41A2, CNNM2, and TRPM7 proteins; and downregulation of SLC41A3 mRNA and protein. Mg2+ supplement attenuated pulmonary arterial pressure, right heart hypertrophy, and medial wall thickening of pulmonary arteries, and reversed the changes in the expression of Mg2+ transporters. Incubation of PASMCs with a high concentration of Mg2+ markedly inhibited PASMC proliferation and migration, and increased apoptosis, whereas a low level of Mg2+ produced the opposite effects. siRNA targeting Slc41a1/2, Cnnm2, and Trpm7 attenuated PASMC proliferation and migration, but promoted apoptosis; and Slc41a3 overexpression also caused similar effects. Moreover, siRNA targeting Slc41a1 or high [Mg2+ incubation inhibited hypoxia induced upregulation and nuclear translocation of NFATc3 in PASMCs. The results, for the first time, provide the supportive evidence that Mg2+ transporters participate in the development of PH by modulating PASMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis; and Mg2+ supplementation attenuates PH through regulation of Mg2+ transporters involving the NFATc3 signaling pathway.
Novel biomarkers in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction compared with cardiac troponin T.
Venue: European heart journal
Year: 2008

To evaluate the role of novel biomarkers in early detection of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients admitted with acute chest pain.  A prospective study of 664 patients presenting to two coronary care units with chest pain was conducted over 3 years from 2003. Patients were assessed on admission: clinical characteristics, ECG (electrocardiogram) renal function, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) heart fatty acid binding protein (H FABP) glycogen phosphorylase BB, NT pro brain natriuretic peptide, D dimer, hsCRP (high sensitivity C reactive protein) myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, pregnancy associated plasma protein A, soluble CD40 ligand. A or 12 h cTnT sample was also obtained. MI was defined as cTnT or 0.03 microg/L. In patients presenting <4 h of symptom onset, sensitivity of H FABP for MI was significantly higher than admission cTnT (73 vs. 55% P 0.043) Specificity of H FABP was 71% None of the other biomarkers challenged cTnT. Combined use of H FABP and cTnT (either one elevated initially) significantly improved the sensitivities of H FABP or cTnT (85% P or 0.004) This combined approach also improved the negative predictive value, negative likelihood ratio, and the risk ratio.  Assessment of H FABP within the first 4 h of symptoms is superior to cTnT for detection of MI, and is a useful additional biomarker for patients with acute chest pain.
Question asking in intelligence analysis: Competitive advantage or lost opportunity?
Year: 2016

Civil Military Relations and the Dynamics of American Military Expansion Jeffrey W. Meiser, PhD Question Asking in Intelligence Analysis Competitive Advantage or Lost Opportunity? Charles Vandepeer, PhD Interactions between International Norms The Case of the Civilian Protection and Antiterrorism Norms Alexandru Grigorescu, PhD Sherri S. Replogle, PhD Apocalypse Now Colonel Klein and the legitimacy of the Kunduz Airstrike in German Television Axel Heck, PhD Both War and Peace Are in Our Genes Azar Gat, PhD
Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation In Large Structures: High Rise Pressure Experiments(NISTIR 7412) NIST
Year: 2007

One hundred and sixty experiments were conducted in a thirty story vacant office building in Toledo, Ohio to evaluate the ability of fire department positive pressure ventilation (PPV) fans to pressurize a stairwell in a high rise structure in accordance with established performance metrics for fixed stairwell pressurization systems. Variables such as fan size, fan angle, setback distance, number of fans, orientation of fans, number of doors open and location of vents open were varied to examine capability and optimization of each. Fan size varied from 0.4 m (16 in) to 1.2 m (46 in) Fan angle ranged from 90 to 80. The setback distance went from 0.6 m (2 ft) to 3.6 m (12 ft) One fan to as many as nine fans were used which were located at three different exterior locations and three different interior locations. Fans were oriented both in series and in parallel configurations. Doors throughout the building were opened and closed to evaluate the effects. Finally a door to the roof and a roof hatch were used as vent points. The measurements taken during the experiments included differential pressure, air temperature, carbon monoxide, metrological data and sound levels. PPV fans utilized correctly can increase the effectiveness of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high rise buildings. In a high rise building it is possible to increase the pressure of a stairwell to prevent the infiltration of smoke if fire crews configure the fans properly. Although many factors contribute and need to be considered for effective PPV operations, properly configured PPV can achieve stairwell pressures that are high enough to meet or exceed the performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.
Influence of social media on parents' attitudes towards vaccine administration.
Venue: Human vaccines immunotherapeutics
Year: 2021

Vaccination has had tremendous impact on human health. The tendency to hesitate or delay vaccination has been increasing, which has contributed to outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases. This cross sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of childhood vaccine hesitancy and social media misconceptions in vaccine refusal among randomly selected parents from October 2019 through March 2020 in the outpatient clinics of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a three part questionnaire: the socio demographic and economic questions, the Parents' Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey, and questions concerning social media use. Based on the PACV survey tool, 37 parents (11% scored a value 50 and were suggested as hesitant (8% hesitant and 3% very hesitant) Overall, 288 parents (89% scored 50, hence deemed to not be hesitant about childhood vaccination. There was no significant association between high educational level or social media exposure with vaccine hesitancy. The most commonly used social media platform was Twitter (40% In conclusion, we report a low prevalence of vaccine hesitancy about childhood vaccination among parents, with no significant impact of education level or social media on vaccine hesitancy. Further studies are required to replicate these findings in other regions and cities to generalize these observations for Saudi Arabia.
Urea assistant ball milled CF as electrode material for primary lithium battery with improved energy density and power density
Venue: Journal of Power Sources
Year: 2019

To improve the electrochemical performance of CFx for lithium primary batteries, a ball milling treatment of CFx and urea with various mass ratios is carried out in this paper. It is shows that the weight ratio of urea/CFx significantly affects the electrochemical performance of the ball milled CFx. Electrochemical tests show that the modified CFx material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with much enhanced rate capacity, improved discharge platform, and lowered initial potential delay compared with the untreated CFx. In detail, when the weight ratio of urea/CFx is 5, the material delivers a discharge capacity of 550.6 mAh g 1 with a high power density of 10309 W kg 1 (at 5000 mA g 1 and 25 degC) and exhibits an excellent electrochemical stability at low temperature of 5 degC (power density up to 5922.5 W kg 1 at 3000 mA g 1) The outstanding electrochemical performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect of enlarged interlayer distance, decreased particle size, and increased surface area, which resulting in improved the electrochemical reaction activity, decreased reaction resistance, and facilitated lithium ions diffusion.
Expertenbefragung ,Portalbasiertes Wissensmanagement" Ausgewahlte Ergebnisse
Year: 2008

Die Einfuhrung von portalbasiertem Wissensmanagement ist durch eine Reihe von Herausforderungen (z. B. grose Komplexitat, organisatorische Veranderungen, kulturelle Aspekte) gekennzeichnet. Die Berucksichtigung von kritischen Erfolgfaktoren und Barrieren wahrend der Einfuhrung ist daher besonders wichtig, zumal es sich bei solchen Projekten in der Regel um kosten und zeitintensive Unterfangen handelt, die abteilungsubergreifend Veranderungen organisationaler und kultureller Art nach sich ziehen. Nach einer ersten Literaturanalyse zur Identifikation solcher Faktoren sind diese mit Experten im Rahmen von Interviews verifiziert worden, um herauszufinden, welche Faktoren und Barrieren in besonderem Mase bei dieser Art von Projekten zu berucksichtigen sind. Die Ergebnisse der im Zeitraum von April 2007 bis Januar 2008 durchgefuhrten Expertenbefragung werden in diesem Paper gegliedert nach den abgefragten Bereichen Status Quo, Wissensziele, zentrale Herausforderungen, kritische Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren dargestellt und hinsichtlich moglicher Handlungsempfehlungen analysiert.