nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Geographic Earnings Disclosure and Trading Volume
Year: 2008

Beginning with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 (SFAS 131) Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, most US multinational firms no longer disclose geographic earnings in their annual reports. Given the recent growth in foreign operations of US firms and the varying operating environments around the world, information (or lack thereof) related to geographical performance can affect investors' information set. Using empirical tests that closely follow the [Kim, O. Verrecchia, R. 1997. Pre announcement and event period private information. Journal of Accounting and Economics 24, 395 419] model, we find results consistent with their predictions. Specifically, using a sample of firms with substantial foreign operations, we find evidence of a decrease in event period private information following adoption of SFAS 131 for firms that no longer disclose geographic earnings. These results suggest that decreased public information (i.e. non disclosure of geographic earnings) reduces the ability of investors to utilize or generate private information in conjunction with the public announcement of quarterly earnings, which dampens trading. We also find evidence of a decrease in pre announcement private information following adoption of SFAS 131. This is consistent with an overall improvement in public disclosures that has the effect of reducing differences in the precision of private information across investors in the period prior to the earnings announcement. However, such an effect is observed for both firms which no longer disclose geographic earnings and for firms that continue to disclose geographic earnings.
Red luminescence decay kinetics in Brazilian diamonds
Year: 2016

Luminescence kinetics in the temperature range of 80 480 K and the red region of the spectrum is studied for Brazilian diamonds. Components with decay time constants of 23 and 83 ns are observed at room temperature after being excited by laser radiation with wavelengths of 375 and 532 nm, which differs considerably from the data published earlier for the luminescence kinetics of NV0 and NV centers.
Edit distances do not describe editing, but they can be useful for translation process research
Year: 2019

Translation process research (TPR) aims at describing what translators do, and one of the technical dimensions of translators' work is editing (applying detailed changes to text) In this presentation, we will analyze how different methods for process data collection describe editing. We will review keyloggers used in typical TPR applications, track changes used by word processors, and edit rates based on estimation of edit distances. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the limitations of these methods when describing editing behavior, and to incentivize researchers in looking for ways to present process data in simplified formats, closer to those that describe product data.  The technical dimension of translation, revision and post editing is characterized by writing actions. Editing, part of this technical dimension, is a set of actions that is applied to pre existing text. This implies that editing cannot be analyzed in the same way as translating or writing from scratch. We see editing as being composed of four actions: delete, insert, move and replace (do Carmo 2017) This presentation discusses the implications of this definition of editing and of different methods to describe it. If we want to know which words were edited and how, we need data that accurately describes the actions performed. After we have that data, we may extract from it features that can be used to (c) 2019 The authors.  2012) and Inputlog (Leijten and Van Waes, 2013) use keylogging to collect process data, in a character and chronological base. However, it has been shown that it is not straightforward to convert TPR data into word based sequences of edit actions (do Carmo et al. 2018; Leijten et al. 2012) The main reason for this is the fact that process data is not linear: it includes incomplete, repeated, wrong actions, scattered edits, and other process components that cannot be associated with the words that survive in the final edited versions. Word processors and translation tools often incorporate track change features that record editing, but these too are not straightforwardly converted into editing data. Product data seems to describe a simpler reality, so simpler methods may be used. Edit distances appeared in the 1960's as methods to identify and correct errors of spelling in text typing (Damerau, 1964) and errors in computer code (Levenshtein, 1966) These edit distances evolved into metrics like WER Word Error Rate (Popovic and Ney, 2007) and TER Translation Edit Rate (Snover et al. 2006) both of which have several variants. Edit rates identify differences between two versions of a text, and they have been extensively used in applications like automatic post editing (do Carmo et al, 2019) and quality estimation of machine translation (Specia et al. 2018) In these applications, they are seen as good predictors of the editing required by texts or sentences. MEMENTO Dublin,  2019 p. 1
Mechanical anchorage of FRP tendons A literature review
Year: 2012

High tensile strength, good resistance to degradation and creep, low weight and, to some extent, the ability to change the modulus of elasticity are some of the advantages of using prestressed, unidirectional FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) tendon systems. Bonded and non bonded versions of these systems have been investigated over the last three decades with results showing that prestressing systems can be very efficient when the FRP properties are properly exploited. However, there are often concerns as to how to exploit those properties to the full and how to achieve reliable anchorage with such systems. This is especially important in external post tensioned tendon systems, where the anchorage points are exposed to the full load throughout the life span of the structure. Consequently, there are large requirements related to the long term capacity and fatigue resistance of such systems. Several anchorage systems for use with Aramid, Glass and Carbon FRP tendons have been proposed over the last two decades. Each system is usually tailored to a particular type of tendon. This paper presents a brief overview of bonded anchorage applications while the primary literature review discusses three methods of mechanical anchorage: spike, wedge and clamping. Some proposals for future research are suggested. In general, the systems investigated showed inconsistent results with a small difference between achieving either a successful or an unsuccessful anchorage. These inconsistencies seem to be due to the brittleness of the tendons, low strength perpendicular to the fibre direction and insufficient stress transfer in the anchorage/tendon interface. As a result, anchorage failure modes tend to be excessive principal stresses, local crushing and interfacial slippage (abrasive wear) all of which are difficult to predict.
Heat stress mediates changes in fecal microbiome and functional pathways of laying hens
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Year: 2018

Chicken gastrointestinal microbiota plays important roles in health, productivity, and disease. However, knowledge of the relationship between heat stress and the gut microbial ecosystem of poultry, especially laying hens, is still limited. Here, we aimed to provide important knowledge for heat stress intervention in the egg industry. We performed high throughput sequencing metagenomics on fecal contents to unravel the microbial taxa and functional capacity of the gut microbiome of caged laying hens under heat stress. Results showed that the fecal microbial communities of laying hens were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria phyla. The Firmicutes were significantly decreased, and Bacteroidetes were increased in the fecal microbiota under heat stress. Functional prediction of these changes in microbiota revealed that metabolism related pathways, including cysteine and methionine metabolism and benzoate degradation, were more abundant. Conversely, retinol metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were decreased by heat stress, suggesting differences in metabolism between layers in different temperature environments. Clear contributions were identified between active taxa (genus level) and metabolic pathways, which were associated with the liver and intestinal dysfunction in layers. These data revealed that heat stress induced a significant taxonomic perturbation in the gut microbiome of caged laying hens. This was related to the negative effects of heat stress in poultry and provided important basic knowledge for heat stress intervention.
Procede de refusion sous laitier electroconducteur (ESR)
Year: 2019

La refusion sous laitier electroconducteur (ESR) est un procede qui permet le controle de la vitesse de solidification et l'affinage du metal liquide par un laitier. Apres avoir expose les principes et applications du procede ESR, les avantages et limites de cette voie d'elaboration seront discutes et compares a d'autres procedes d'elaboration de lingots. Les principales variantes de fours ESR ainsi que le principe de la conduite d'une refusion seront presentes. Enfin l'interet de la modelisation numerique du procede comme outil d'aide au choix des parametres operatoires sera illustre.
Simply Complex: The Efficient Synthesis of an Intricate Molecular Acceptor for High Performance Air Processed and Air Tested Fullerene Free Organic Solar Cells
Year: 2017

A perylene diimide (PDI) flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) p conjugated small molecule has been synthesized through an efficient and sustainable direct heteroarylation protocol. When paired with the donor polymer PTB7 Th, air processed and tested bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.6% The new acceptor showed favorable morphological changes upon solvent vapor annealing leading to a near 3 fold increase in PCE. This result is among the best reported utilizing DPP based acceptors in air processed and tested OSCs. All solar cells exhibited good air and light stability over a 35 day evaluation period.
Meta analysis of pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Authors' comment (Br J Surg 2006; 93: 929 936)
Venue: The British journal of surgery
Year: 2006

been achieved by the laparoscopic approach alone2. It is to be hoped that future studies will include a better design to compare laparoscopic and open surgery and that surgeons will realise that postoperative outcome is determined by several factors which have to be controlled and adjusted to available scientific evidence when doing single interventional randomized trials. H. Kehlet Section for Surgical Pathophysiology 4074, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5647
From vinylidene fluoride (VDF) to the applications of VDF containing polymers and copolymers: recent developments and future trends.
Venue: Chemical reviews
Year: 2009

After an introduction reporting the properties and the applications of fluoropolymers, a first part deals with i) the main routes to produce vinylidene fluoride (VDF) monomer, ii) its homopolymerization, and iii) the advantages and uses of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) In a second section, this review, illustrated by numerous examples, extensively reports the synthesis, properties and applications of the copolymers based on VDF with non halogenated, fluorinated, commercially available or synthesized comonomers. These comonomers exhibit XYC=CZ Sp R structures where X, Y, and Z represent H, F, and CF3 groups, Sp a spacer and R a function such as OH, OAc, SAc, CO2R' (R' being a H atom or an alkyl group) CN, P(O)(OR')2 and SO3H. According to the nature and to the amount of the comonomer, the copolymers can be thermoplastic, elastomeric or thermoplastic elastomers. Introducing reactive R side groups brings complementary properties such as hydrophily, ionic exchange or surface properties, or further crosslinking of the resulting copolymers. Then, the kinetics of radical copolymerization of VDF with M comonomers led to the assessment of the reactivity ratios which are compared. Hence, a reactivity series of these M comonomers with respect to a macroradical terminated by VDF is proposed. Usually, these copolymers exhibit random structures but only three comonomers produced alternating copolymers with VDF: hexafluoroisobutylene, F2C=CFCO2CH3, and H2C=C(CF3)CO2R. The controlled radical copolymerizations of VDF with other comonomers (such as chlorotrifluoroethylene, 3,3,3 trifluoropropene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether or trifluoromethacrylic acid) either in the presence of xanthates, borinates or iodo compounds are also reported. In addition, new VDF containing copolymers exhibit well defined architectures, such as block and graft copolymers. They can be synthesized either by conventional techniques or by controlled radical copolymerization. Chemical modifications of PVDF and poly(VDF co monomer) copolymers are also presented. Several properties and applications (such as surfactants, dielectrical polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, fuel cell and ultrafiltration membranes, or polycondensates, the fluorinated segments of which bringing softness and thermal stability) of these VDF containing copolymers will illustrate this review.
Correlation between brain volume and retinal photoreceptor outer segment volume in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2020

To investigate the association between outer retinal layer metrics, including photoreceptor outer segment volume, on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and brain volume on MRI in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.  This was an exploratory analysis of a cross sectional cohort study that was approved by the Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board to evaluate neurodegenerative disorders. Subjects aged 50 were recruited. A comprehensive neurological exam, brain MRI with volumetric evaluation, and OCT were performed for each subject. Outer retinal layer parameters, including ellipsoid zone (EZ) to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) volume (i.e. surrogate for panmacular photoreceptor outer segment volume) were evaluated with a novel OCT analysis platform.  Of 85 subjects, 64 eyes of 64 subjects met MRI and OCT quality control criteria. Total brain volume %ICV) significantly correlated with EZ RPE volume in the normal cognition control group (n 31, Pearson correlation coefficient 0.514, P .01) the Parkinson's disease group (n 19, Pearson correlation coefficient 0.482, P .04) and the Alzheimer's dementia group (n 14, Pearson correlation coefficient 0.526, P .05) Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that photoreceptor outer segment (i.e. EZ RPE) volume was an independent, influential factor on total brain volume in all study subjects (Coefficient 15.2, 95% confidence interval 7.8 22.6, P .001)  Outer retinal parameters on OCT may serve as a novel biomarker related to brain volume. This correlation was noted in control subjects suggesting a possible developmental link between retina and brain volume. This relationship was also maintained with atrophic neurodegenerative disorders. Further research is needed to explore possible threshold differences for underlying neurodegenerative disorders.
SOLO taxonomy as EFL students' disciplinary literacy evaluation tool in technology enhanced integrated astronomy course
Year: 2019

Whilst the role of disciplinary literacy in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is becoming more prominent, there appears to be little adaptation or allowance made for English as a foreign or second language (EFL/ESL) students learning science in English, as well as no clear understanding of what comprises disciplinary literacy in science. In this article, we define the construct of disciplinary literacy in science education and justify the use of the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) taxonomy (Biggs and Collis, Teaching for quality learning at university 1982) as a tool for measuring EFL students' disciplinary literacy development. This SOLO taxonomy was trialled in a STEM integrated astronomy course enhanced with a digital storytelling approach. Data were collected from adolescent EFL students' written responses in their pre and post Astronomy Diagnostic Test. The results show a positive change in participants' science disciplinary literacy development and contribute to the understanding of the EFL/ESL students' science disciplinary literacy development and assessment.
Comparative Evaluation of BSC Based New Service Development Competencies in Turkish Banking Sector with the Integrated Fuzzy Hybrid MCDM Using Content Analysis
Venue: Int. J. Fuzzy Syst.
Year: 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate new service development competencies in Turkish banking sector. Within this scope, 16 Turkish deposit banks are taken into the consideration. Additionally, balanced scorecard based criteria are evaluated with the integrated hybrid multicriteria decision making approach by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) and fuzzy VIseKriterijumsa Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje methods. Moreover, this evaluation is performed by using both decision makers' evaluations and content analysis. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in the results based on decision makers and content analysis. Foreign banks have the best performance in decision makers' evaluation, whereas there are different banks in the first ranks of the content analysis. However, fuzzy AHP and fuzzy ANP give very similar results in ranking the banks according to the new service development competencies. Furthermore, no banking type in Turkey has any priority over the others in all analysis. Hence, a foreign bank has the best performance, whereas another foreign bank states on the last rank.
Survey Article: Inter Coder Agreement for Computational Linguistics
Venue: CL
Year: 2008

This article is a survey of methods for measuring agreement among corpus annotators. It exposes the mathematics and underlying assumptions of agreement coefficients, covering Krippendorff's alpha as well as Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa; discusses the use of coefficients in several annotation tasks; and argues that weighted, alpha like coefficients, traditionally less used than kappa like measures in computational linguistics, may be more appropriate for many corpus annotation tasksbut that their use makes the interpretation of the value of the coefficient even harder.
Chapter 8 Beauty Body Image and the Media
Year: 2018

This chapter considers the role of mass media in people's perceptions of beauty. We sum marize the research literature on the mass media, both traditional media and online social media, and how they interact with psychological factors to impact appearance concerns and body image. There is a strong support for the idea that traditional forms of media affect perceptions of beauty and appearance concerns by leading women to internalize a very slender body type as ideal or beautiful. Rather than simply being passive recipients of unrealistic beauty ideals communicated to them via the media, many individuals actu ally seek out idealized images in the media. Finally, we review what is known about the role of social media in impacting society's perception of beauty and notions of idealized physical forms. Social media are more interactive than traditional media and the effects of self presentation strategies on perceptions of beauty have just begun to be studied. This is an emerging area of research that is of high relevance to researchers and clinicians interested in body image and appearance concerns.
Prevalence of Adolescent Problem Gambling: A Systematic Review of Recent Research
Venue: Journal of Gambling Studies
Year: 2016

Previous research has shown that gambling is a popular activity among adolescents. Following a rapid expansion of legalized gambling opportunities and the emergence of new forms of gambling, many researchers have carried out studies on adolescent gambling and problem gambling. The present paper reviews studies that have been conducted worldwide since 2000, and then presents a more detailed picture of adolescent gambling research in Europe, by providing a country by country analysis. After an extensive search on academic databases and following an exclusion process, 44 studies were identified. The findings showed that 0.2 12.3 of youth meet criteria for problem gambling, notwithstanding differences among assessment instruments, cut offs, and timeframes. However, despite this variability, several demographic characteristics were associated with adolescent gambling involvement and problem gambling. It is concluded that a small but significant minority of adolescents have gambling related problems. Such findings will hopefully encourage more research into youth gambling to further understand the determinants of this phenomenon.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BUKU SAKU PROSES BUBUT (TURNING)SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK PEMESINANPADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK KELAS XDI SMK NEGERI 2 KLATEN
Year: 2016

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BUKU SAKU PROSES BUBUT (TURNING) SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK KELAS X DI SMK NEGERI 2 KLATEN Oleh: Sidiq Mucharom NIM 14503247009 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui kelayakan buku saku untuk mata pelajaran teknologi mekanik dengan materi pokok proses bubut turning) dari aspek isi, aspek penyajian, aspek kebahasaan, dan aspek kegrafikaan; (2) mengetahui pendapat siswa sebagai pengguna secara nyata terhadap buku saku bubut (turning) (3) menghasilkan media pengembangan berupa buku saku proses bubut (turning) sebagai penunjang pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran teknologi mekanik, sehingga dapat digunakan secara mandiri oleh siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) yang diadaptasi dari model pengembangan ADDIE. Pada tahap development, Buku saku proses bubut dinilai kelayakannya oleh ahli materi, ahli media, 2 (dua) guru mata pelajaran, 5 (lima) siswa sebagai subjek uji coba terbatas, dan 28 siswa sebagai subjek uji coba lapangan.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian pengembangan ini melalui wawancara dan angket. Data yang diperoleh dari angket kemudian dilakukan perhitungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan lima tahap pengembangan buku saku proses bubut yaitu: (1) analysis; (2) design; (3) development; (4) implementation; (5) evaluation. Penilaian kelayakan buku saku proses bubut sebagai penunjang pembelajaran berdasarkan: (1) ahli materi diperoleh rata rata nilai 3,2 dengan dengan persentase 80% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak; (2) ahli media diperoleh rata rata nilai 3,4 dengan persentase 85% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak; (3) guru mata pelajaran diperoleh rata rata nilai 3,8 dengan persentase 95% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak; (4) siswa diperoleh rata rata nilai 3,48 dengan persentase 87% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak. Dengan demikian kesimpulannya adalah buku saku proses bubut layak digunakan untuk proses penunjang pembelajaran mandiri bagi siswa.  buku saku, media pembelajaran proses bubut, ADDIE.