nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
From Agroforestry to Agroindustry: Smallholder Access to Benefits From Oil Palm in Ghana and the Implications for Sustainability Certification
Venue: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Year: 2020

Oil palm production in Ghana which is primarily cultivated by smallholders (60% plays an important role in local economies and rural livelihoods. As a multi functional crop, it is embedded in the everyday life of rural and urban Ghanaians both by individual households and on an industrial level. The sector is currently experiencing a resurgence under Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) rule and is being targeted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) for yield intensification and increased export production. End goals of these efforts include poverty alleviation, environmentally responsible development efforts, and agricultural diversification in rural areas. We apply Ribot and Peluso's "theory of access" (2003) to assess the barriers and opportunities for smallholder oil palm farmers, and the degree to which these are addressed by RSPO interventions. Our results highlight how Ghanaian smallholders gain many benefits from palm oil production as a source of regular income, a drought resilient crop, and a source of cooking oil for household use. However, they also report different levels of access to finance, markets, land, and technical support, along with differing views and visions of the oil palm sector's development. The focus of governmental and RSPO initiatives on international trade based incentives overlooks this diversity and, in particular, the importance of local markets for Ghanaian livelihoods. This poses a threat to women millers and traders, poorer producers, and the local markets they supply who risk losing access to the palm oil supply chain. More generally, these findings illustrate the importance of understanding how markets interact at multiple local to international scales, in order to design interventions that will more equitably reach and benefit local communities.
An assessment of residents' and fellows' personal finance literacy: an unmet medical education need
Venue: International journal of medical education
Year: 2017

This study aimed to assess residents' and fellows' knowledge of finance principles that may affect their personal financial health.  A cross sectional, anonymous, web based survey was administered to a convenience sample of residents and fellows at two academic medical centers. Respondents answered 20 questions on personal finance and 28 questions about their own financial planning, attitudes, and debt. Questions regarding satisfaction with one's financial condition and investment risk tolerance used a 10 point Likert scale (1=lowest, 10=highest) Of 2,010 trainees, 422 (21% responded (median age 30 years; interquartile range, 28 33)  The mean quiz score was 52.0% (SD 19.1) Of 299 (71% respondents with student loan debt, 144 (48% owed over $200,000. Many respondents had other debt, including 86 (21% with credit card debt. Of 262 respondents with retirement savings, 142 (52% had saved less than $25,000. Respondents' mean satisfaction with their current personal financial condition was 4.8 (SD 2.5) and investment risk tolerance was 5.3 (SD 2.3) Indebted trainees reported lower satisfaction than trainees without debt (4.4 vs. 6.2, F (1,419) 41.57, p .001) Knowledge was moderately correlated with investment risk tolerance (r=0.41, p .001) and weakly correlated with satisfaction with financial status (r=0.23, p .001)  Residents and fellows had low financial literacy and investment risk tolerance, high debt, and deficits in their financial preparedness. Adding personal financial education to the medical education curriculum would benefit trainees. Providing education in areas such as budgeting, estate planning, investment strategies, and retirement planning early in training can offer significant long term benefits.
An Indirect Range Doppler Algorithm for Multireceiver Synthetic Aperture Sonar Based on Lagrange Inversion Theorem
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Year: 2017

This paper presents a novel imaging algorithm which has the capacity of processing multireceiver synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) data based on Vu's spectrum. There are two important issues when developing the fast Fourier based imaging algorithms. One is the point target reference spectrum (PTRS) with analytical expression in the 2 D frequency domain; the other is the space variance of the PTRS. Vu has solved the first issue based on the Lagrange inversion theorem. However, the second issue has not been solved yet. Our approach in this paper is to apply Vu's spectral result in an indirect range Doppler (R D) imaging algorithm. For each transmitter/receiver pair, the close form azimuth modulation is derived first, and then, range/azimuth coupling can be obtained via the difference between the PTRS and the azimuth modulation. Unlike traditional R D algorithm, which utilizes the interpolation operation to eliminate the range cell migration (RCM) the RCM correction (RCMC) in this paper is carried out through two steps, i.e. bulk RCMC and differential RCMC. Bulk RCMC accounts for the RCMC in one reference range. Differential RCMC accomplished with a range dependent subblock postprocessing method is used to compensate for the space variant deviation phase error. Via the proposed method, the echoed signal corresponding to each transmitter/receiver pair is processed first. Following which, a high resolution SAS complex image is obtained by coherent superposition of all the coarse subimages. Numerical simulations and real data processing results show that the proposed method has the similar focusing capabilities with the accurate back projection algorithm across the whole swath. Although the presented method has the disadvantage of latency, it is very easy to make a complete phase center approximation correction, allowing for the tandem nature of the collected data. Besides, the proposed algorithm can handle general case with explicit point of stationary phase (PSP) no matter how complicated the PSP is, and it is also suitable for the imagery of tandem synthetic aperture radar.
Face recognition attendance system using Local Binary Pattern (LBP)
Venue: Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Year: 2019

Attendance is important for university students. However, generic way of taking attendance in universities may include various problems. Hence, a face recognition system for attendance taking is one way to combat the problem. This paper will present an automated system that will automatically saves student's attendance into the database using face recognition method. The paper will elaborate on student attendance system, image processing, face detection and face recognition. The face detection part will be done by using viola jones algorithm method while the face recognition part will be carried on by using local binary pattern (LBP) method. The system will ensure that the attendance taking process will be faster and more accurate.
Minimal access versus open spinal surgery in treating painful spine metastasis: a systematic review
Venue: World Journal of Surgical Oncology
Year: 2015

Study designThe study design of this paper is a systematic review of literature published in the recent 10 years.ObjectiveIt is the objective of this paper to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of minimal access (MIS) spinal surgery and open spinal surgery for treating painful spine metastasis.MethodsTwo research questions below were determined through a consensus among a panel of spine experts. A systematic review of literature on spinal surgery was conducted by searching PubMed with a combination of keywords including "metastatic" "metastasis" "metastases" "spinal" and "spine" Independent reviewers selected the articles for analysis after screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, then extracted data and graded the quality of each paper according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Specific clinical questions were as follows:1.In patients with spine metastatic disease, what is the impact of different surgical approaches (MIS versus open) on pain relief and functional outcome?2.In patients with metastatic disease, what is the impact of different surgical approaches (MIS versus open) on local recurrence, survive rate, and complication?ResultsA total of 1,076 abstracts were identified using various keywords. 5 prospective (level II) and 12 retrospective articles (level III) were eligible for inclusion, involving a total of 979 cases of spine metastasis. There were 345 cases in 8 studies regarding the clinical evaluation of MIS spinal surgery and 634 cases in 9 studies regarding the clinical evaluation of open spinal surgery for spine metastasis.ConclusionBoth open spinal surgery and MIS seem to achieve the improvement of pain and neurological dysfunction through decompression and stabilization for patients with spine metastasis, but open surgery may involve more major complications with a trend of lower survival rates and higher recurrence rates compared to MIS.
The NIMH Child Emotional Faces Picture Set (NIMH ChEFS) a new set of children's facial emotion stimuli
Venue: International journal of methods in psychiatric research
Year: 2011

With the emergence of new technologies, there has been an explosion of basic and clinical research on the affective and cognitive neuroscience of face processing and emotion perception. Adult emotional face stimuli are commonly used in these studies. For developmental research, there is a need for a validated set of child emotional faces. This paper describes the development of the National Institute of Mental Health Child Emotional Faces Picture Set (NIMH ChEFS) a relatively large stimulus set with high quality, color images of the emotional faces of children. The set includes 482 photographs of fearful, angry, happy, sad and neutral child faces with two gaze conditions: direct and averted gaze. In this paper we describe the development of the NIMH ChEFS and data on the set's validity based on ratings by 20 healthy adult raters. Agreement between the a priori emotion designation and the raters' labels was high and comparable with values reported for commonly used adult picture sets. Intensity, representativeness, and composite "goodness" ratings are also presented to guide researchers in their choice of specific stimuli for their studies. These data should give researchers confidence in the NIMH ChEFS's validity for use in affective and social neuroscience research.
Complete weight distributions of two classes of cyclic codes
Venue: Cryptography and Communications
Year: 2015

Complete weight distribution can be used to study authentication codes and the Walsh transform of monomial functions over finite fields. Also, the Hamming weight distribution of a code can be obtained from its complete weight distribution. In this paper, we investigate the complete weight distributions of two classes of cyclic codes. We explicitly present the complete weight enumerators of the cyclic codes. Particularly, we partly solve an open problem proposed in Luo and Feng ( (2008)
Ground truthing the ground truth: reply to Garibaldi et al.'s comment on "Managing fisheries from space: Google Earth improves estimates of distant fish catches"
Year: 2014

There has been a growing interest in the potential of Google Earth for scientific inquiries, and our previous paper (Al Abdulrazzak and Pauly, 2014. Managing fisheries from space: Google Earth improves estimates of distant fish catches.  450 454) on weirs and their catch in the Persian Gulf is a case in point. Garibaldi et al. (2014. Comment on: "Managing fisheries from space: Google Earth improves estimates of distant fish catchs" by Al Abdulrazzak and Pauly. ICES Journal of Marine Science) while agreeing in principle with using Google Earth for fisheries related purposes, criticized the assumptions, data, methodology, and results of this paper. Here, we refute their criticisms, notably by showing that the "derelict weirs" that they thought they had "ground truthed" are not weirs at all, but another type of fishing gear in one case, and debris from a boat anchoring system in the other. We develop the theme that ground truthing requires local knowledge, and provide recommendations for using Google Earth images in fisheries management.
Distributed Dynamic Map Fusion via Federated Learning for Intelligent Networked Vehicles
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

The technology of dynamic map fusion among networked vehicles has been developed to enlarge sensing ranges and improve sensing accuracies for individual vehicles. This paper proposes a federated learning (FL) based dynamic map fusion framework to achieve high map quality despite unknown numbers of objects in fields of view (FoVs) various sensing and model uncertainties, and missing data labels for online learning. The novelty of this work is threefold: (1) developing a three stage fusion scheme to predict the number of objects effectively and to fuse multiple local maps with fidelity scores; (2) developing an FL algorithm which fine tunes feature models (i.e. representation learning networks for feature extraction) distributively by aggregating model parameters; (3) developing a knowledge distillation method to generate FL training labels when data labels are unavailable. The proposed framework is implemented in the Car Learning to Act (CARLA) simulation platform. Extensive experimental results are provided to verify the superior performance and robustness of the developed map fusion and FL schemes.
Escola de Musica do Estado do Maranhao Emem: um estudo de caso historico organizacional para a proposicao de acoes administrativas
Year: 2017

This work aspires to propose administrative actions within a public music school called Escola de Musica do Estado do Maranhao Emem. Methodologically, it was conducted a historicalorganizational case study with quali quantitatives procedures such as documentary research, audio recorded interviews and questionnaire. Lastly, this work points up administrative actions to support the Emem's development in three different fronts: its administrative relationship with the Maranhao's public educational department; collegiate decisions; and pedagogical actions.  Music School of Maranhao, historical organizational case study, school management.
Three Novel Symmetric Waldron Bricard Metamorphic and Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Their Isomerization
Venue: Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics
Year: 2019

This paper explores a class of metamorphic and reconfigurable linkages belonging to both Waldron's double Bennett hybrid linkage and Bricard linkages, which include three novel symmetric Waldron Bricard metamorphic and reconfigurable mechanisms, and further presents their three extended isomeric metamorphic linkages. The three novel Waldron Bricard metamorphic and reconfigurable linkages are distinguished by line symmetric, plane symmetric, and line plane symmetric characteristics. The novel line symmetric Waldron Bricard metamorphic linkage with one Waldron motion branch and two general and three special line symmetric Bricard motion branches is obtained by integrating two identical general Bennett loops. The novel plane symmetric Waldron Bricard reconfigurable linkage with two plane symmetric motion branches is obtained by coalescing two equilateral Bennett loops. The novel line plane symmetric Waldron Bricard metamorphic linkage with six motion branches is obtained by blending two identical equilateral Bennett loops, including the plane symmetric Waldron motion branch, the line plane symmetric Bricard motion branch, the spherical 4R motion branch, and three special line symmetric Bricard motion branches. With the isomerization that changes a mechanism structure but keeps all links and joints, each of the three novel Waldron Bricard linkages results in an extended isomeric metamorphic linkage. This further evolves into the study of the three isomeric mechanisms. The study of these three novel metamorphic and reconfigurable mechanisms and their isomerization are carried out to demonstrate the characteristics of bifurcation and to reveal motion branch transformation. Furthermore, by exploring the intersection of given motion branches and using the method of isomerization, more metamorphic and reconfigurable linkages can be discovered to usefully deal with transitions among possible submotions.
Sparse Continuous Distributions and Fenchel Young Losses
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Exponential families are widely used in machine learning; they include many distributions in continuous and discrete domains (e.g. Gaussian, Dirichlet, Poisson, and categorical distributions via the softmax transformation) Distributions in each of these families have fixed support. In contrast, for finite domains, there has been recent works on sparse alternatives to softmax (e.g. sparsemax, a entmax, and fusedmax) and corresponding losses, which have varying support. This paper expands that line of work in several directions: first, it extends O regularized prediction maps and Fenchel Young losses to arbitrary domains (possibly countably infinite or continuous) For linearly parametrized families, we show that minimization of FenchelYoung losses is equivalent to moment matching of the statistics, generalizing a fundamental property of exponential families. When O is a Tsallis negentropy with parameter a, we obtain "deformed exponential families," which include a entmax and sparsemax (a 2) as particular cases. For quadratic energy functions in continuous domains, the resulting densities are b Gaussians, an instance of elliptical distributions that contain as particular cases the Gaussian, biweight, triweight and Epanechnikov densities, and for which we derive closed form expressions for the variance, Tsallis entropy, and Fenchel Young loss. When O is a total variation or Sobolev regularizer, we obtain a continuous version of the fusedmax. Finally, we introduce continuous domain attention mechanisms, deriving efficient gradient backpropagation algorithms for a {1, 4/3, 3/2, 2} Using them, we demonstrate our sparse continuous distributions for attention based audio classification and visual question answering, showing that they allow attending to time intervals and compact regions. 1 ar X iv :2 10 8. 01 98 8v 1 cs .L G 4 A ug 2 02 1 Sparse Continuous Distributions and Fenchel Young Losses
A back to the city movement by local government action: gentrification in Spain and Latin America
Year: 2015

Studies on gentrification in Spain and Latin America have been proliferating rapidly in recent years. It has provoked debates on the applicability of the concept and the particular characteristics that the process takes. In this context, the study looks at the transformation of city centres in Spain and Latin America through various case studies in which the use of the concept of gentrification is advocated, while drawing attention to the notable differences in the urban, social and economic spheres between these cases and the ones studied in English speaking countries. Specifically, a key feature is claimed to be the primacy of state intervention as a catalyst of the process, so that gentrification in this region can be understood as a return to the city of local government action.
Hukum Transaksi Forex Trading Berdasarkan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Nomor 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 Tentang Jual Beli Mata Uang. (Studi Kasus di Kota Medan)
Year: 2019

Jual beli mata uang dalam ekonomi Islam dikenal dengan sebutan Al Sharf. Ketentuan jual beli mata uang telah tertuang didalam Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 tentang jual beli mata uang (Al Sharf) dan saat ini masyarakat Kota Medan melakukan transaksi jual beli mata uang, namun dilakukan secara online atau lebih sering disebut dengan forex trading, hal ini mengantarkan penulis kepada pemikiran bagaimana pelaksanaan transaksi forex trading yang dilakukan masyarakat Kota Medan dan apakah hukum transaksi forex trading berdasarkan Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 tentang jual beli mata uang (Al Sharf) sehingga hal ini sangat menarik untuk dibahas, maka dengan demikian skripsi penulis diberi judul "HUKUM TRANSAKSI FOREX TRADING BERDASARKAN FATWA DEWAN SYARIAH NASIONAL NOMOR 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 TENTANG JUAL BELI MATA UANG (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA MEDAN)" Dalam skripsi ini penulis menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu suatu penelitian yang mengkaji penerapan kaidah atau norma norma dalam hukum positif dan syariah. Adapun teknik atau instrumen dalam pengambilan dan pengumpulan bahan penelitian adalah dengan mengumpulkan data, dan mengumpulkan sumber untuk mendapatkan informasi dengan cara bertanya langsung kepada responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskipsikan secara sistematis mengenai bentuk transaksi forex trading yang dilakukan masyarakat di Kota Medan serta hukum transaksi forex trading berdasarkan fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 tentang jual beli mata uang (Al Sharf) Kemudian ditarik kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu bahwa transaksi forex trading yang dilakukan masyarakat Kota Medan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 tentang jual beli mata uang (Al Sharf) karena transaksi forex trading tersebut dilakukan dengan cara berspekulasi terhadap nilai suatu mata uang, dan transaksi tersebut dilakukan bukan atas dasar kebutuhan transaksi dan dilakukan dengan cara yang tidak tunai, maka hukum transaksi forex trading berdasarkan Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 28/DSN MUI/III/2002 tentang jual beli mata uang (Al Sharf) adalah Haram.
Semi supervised Learning over Heterogeneous Information Networks by Ensemble of Meta graph Guided Random Walks
Venue: IJCAI
Year: 2017

Heterogeneous information network (HIN) is a general representation of many real world data. The difference between HIN and traditional homogeneous network is that the nodes and edges in HIN are with types. In many applications, we need to consider the types to make the decision more semantically meaningful. For annotationexpensive applications, a natural way is to consider semi supervised learning over HIN. In this paper, we present a semi supervised learning algorithm constrained by the types of HINs. We first decompose the original HIN schema into several semantically meaningful meta graphs consisting of entity and relation types. Then random walk is performed to propagate the labels from labeled data to unlabeled data guided by the meta graphs. After receiving labels from the results of random walk guided by meta graphs, we carefully compare different ensemble algorithms to generate the final label with respect to all the clues from each metagraphs. Experimental results on two knowledge based text classification datasets show that our algorithm outperforms traditional semi supervised learning algorithms for HINs.
Weighted Guided Image Filtering With Steering Kernel
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2020

Due to its local property, guided image filter (GIF) generally suffers from halo artifacts near edges. To make up for the deficiency, a weighted guided image filter (WGIF) was proposed recently by incorporating an edge aware weighting into the filtering process. It takes the advantages of local and global operations, and achieves better performance in edge preserving. However, edge direction, a vital property of the guidance image, is not considered fully in these guided filters. In order to overcome the drawback, we propose a novel version of GIF, which can leverage the edge direction more sufficiently. In particular, we utilize the steering kernel to adaptively learn the direction and incorporate the learning results into the filtering process to improve the filter's behavior. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method can get more powerful performance with preserving edges and reducing halo artifacts effectively. Similar conclusions are also reached through the thorough experiments including edge aware smoothing, detail enhancement, denoising, and dehazing.