nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 6 induces fat loss in cancer cachexia by promoting white adipose tissue lipolysis and browning
Venue: Lipids in Health and Disease
Year: 2018

BackgroundCancer cachexia is a progressive and multi factorial metabolic syndrome characterized by loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. White adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and white to brown transdifferentiation of WAT (WAT browning) are proposed to contribute to WAT atrophy in cancer cachexia. Chronic inflammation, mediated by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) has been reported to promote cancer cachexia. However, whether chronic inflammation promotes cancer cachexia by regulating WAT metabolism and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we first analyzed the association between chronic inflammation and WAT metabolism in gastric and colorectal cancer cachectic patients. In cachectic mice treated with anti IL 6 receptor antibody, we clarified whether WAT lipolysis and browning were regulated by IL 6.ResultsClinical analyses showed positive significant association between serum IL 6 and free fatty acid (FFA) both in early and late stage cancer cachexia. However, serum TNF a was positively associated with serum FFA in the early but not late stage cachexia. WAT lipolysis was increased in early and late stage cachexia, while WAT browning was detected only in late stage cachexia. Anti IL 6 receptor antibody inhibited WAT lipolysis and browning in cachectic mice.ConclusionsBased on these findings, we conclude that chronic inflammation (especially that mediated by IL 6) might promote cancer cachexia by regulating WAT lipolysis in early stage cachexia and browning in late stage cachexia.
Informationsaustausch in der maritimen Transportkette: Untersuchung der Prozessleistung im Datenfluss und der Kapazitatsauslastung
Year: 2015

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Design and management of a distributed hybrid energy system through smart contract and blockchain
Venue: Applied Energy
Year: 2019

This paper studies the design and management of a distributed energy system incorporating renewable energy generation and heterogeneous end users from residential, commercial and industrial sectors. A hierarchical framework is first proposed for the energy demand side management through peer to peer exchange of energy information in the real time market. The heterogeneity of demand flexibility associated with different types of users is reflected in the framework with inter sectorial interactions modelled by a non cooperative game. The inherent uncertainty of renewable generation is also considered with the technique of receding horizon optimization. Subsequently, smart contracts and decentralized identifier guaranteed by blockchain technologies are implemented to create a seamless, secured and efficient distributed energy system. Finally, a Singapore based case study is conducted and the results show that with effective interactions among participants, electricity consumption of the entire energy system closely tracks the generation pattern of renewable resources, resulting in a significantly flattened schedule of grid electricity procurement.
The Rise of Machine Intelligence in the COVID 19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Health Policy
Venue: Surveying the Covid 19 Pandemic and its Implications
Year: 2020

The use of advanced technologies, especially predictive computing in the health sector, is on the rise in this era, and they have successfully transformed the sector with quality insights, better decision making, and quality policies. Even though notable benefits have been achieved through the uptake of the technologies, adoption is still slow, as most of them are still new, hence facing some hurdles in their applications especially in national and international policy levels. But the recent case of COVID 19 outbreak has given an opportunity to showcase that these technologies, especially artificial intelligence (AI) have the capacity to produce accurate, real time, and reliable predictions on issues as serious as pandemic outbreak. A case in point is how companies such as BlueDot and Metabiota managed to correctly predict the spread route of the virus days before such events happened and officially announced by the World Health Organization. In this chapter, an increase in the use of AI based technologies to detect infectious diseases is underlined and how such uses have led to early detections of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, there is evidence that there is need to enhance data sharing activities, especially by rethinking how to improve the efficiency of data protocols. The chapter further proposes the need for enhanced use of technologies and data sharing to ensure that future outbreaks are detected even earlier, thus accelerating early preventive measures.
Some Results on Anonymity in Hybrid Encryption
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2007

Anonymity(key privacy) as well as security(data privacy) are all important features in public key encryption applications. In this paper two new and general concepts, named "relevant anonymity" and "relevant security" are defined. Based upon these concepts some general results on anonymity in public key encryption are proved, which fall in three categories. The first results are two general relationships between anonymity and security; the second are a sufficient and necessary condition for chosen plaintext anonymity in Fujisaki Okamoto hybrid construction and a sufficient condition for its chosen ciphertext anonymity; the third is a sufficient condition for chosen ciphertext anonymity in Okamoto Pointcheval hybrid construction (REACT) All these conditions are also easy to use criteria in practice. By examples such general consequences are applied to some specific schemes and as a result anonymity of some well known schemes are re established in a simpler way. Furthermore, NISSIE scheme PSEC /1/2/3's chosen ciphertext anonymity are proved.
Survey and analysis of various image fusion techniques for clinical CT and MRI images
Venue: Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol.
Year: 2014

The research and development of biomedical imaging techniques requires more number of image data from medical image acquisition devices, like computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission technology, and single photon emission computed tomography. Multimodal image fusion is the process of combining information from various images to get the maximum amount of content captured by a single image acquisition device at different angles and different times or stages. This article analyses and compares the performance of different existing image fusion techniques for the clinical images in the medical field. The fusion techniques compared are simple or pixel based fusion, pyramid based fusion, and transform based fusion techniques. Four set of CT and MRI images are used for the above fusion techniques. The performance of the fused results is measured with seven parameters. The experimental results show that out of seven parameters the values of four parameters, such as average difference, mean difference, root mean square error, and standard deviation are minimum and the values of remaining three parameters, such as peak signal to noise ratio, entropy, and mutual information are maximum. From the experimental results, it is clear that out of 14 fusion techniques taken for survey, image fusion using dual tree complex wavelet transform gives better fusion result for the clinical CT and MRI images. Advantages and limitations of all the techniques are discussed with their experimental results and their relevance.
Teaching and Assessing Professionalism in Radiology: Resources and Scholarly Opportunities to Contribute to Required Expectations.
Venue: Academic radiology
Year: 2018

Teaching and assessing trainees' professionalism now represents an explicit expectation for Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education accredited radiology programs. Challenges to meeting this expectation include variability in defining the construct of professionalism; limits of traditional teaching and assessment methods, used for competencies historically more prominent in medical education, for professionalism; and emerging expectations for credible and feasible professionalism teaching and assessment practices in the current context of health care training and practice. This article identifies promising teaching resources and methods that can be used strategically to augment traditional teaching of the cognitive basis for professionalism, including role modeling, case based scenarios, debriefing, simulations, narrative medicine (storytelling) guided discussions, peer assisted learning, and reflective practice. This article also summarizes assessment practices intended to promote learning, as well as to inform how and when to assess trainees as their professional identities develop over time, settings, and autonomous practice, particularly in terms of measurable behaviors. This includes assessment tools (including mini observations, critical incident reports, and appreciative inquiry) for authentic assessment in the workplace; engaging multiple sources (self peer, other health professionals, and patients) in assessment; and intentional practices for trainees to take responsibility for seeking our actionable feedback and reflection. This article examines the emerging evidence of the feasibility and value added of assessment of medical competency milestones, including professionalism, coordinated by the Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education in radiology and other medical specialties. Radiology has a strategic opportunity to contribute to scholarship and inform policies in professionalism teaching and assessment practices.
Exchange Rate Predictability
Year: 2013

The main goal of this article is to provide an answer to the question: "Does anything forecast exchange rates, and if so, which variables?" It is well known that exchange rate fluctuations are very difficult to predict using economic models, and that a random walk forecasts exchange rates better than any economic model (the Meese and Rogoff puzzle) However, the recent literature has identified a series of fundamentals/methodologies that claim to have resolved the puzzle. This article provides a critical review of the recent literature on exchange rate forecasting and illustrates the new methodologies and fundamentals that have been recently proposed in an up to date, thorough empirical analysis. Overall, our analysis of the literature and the data suggests that the answer to the question: "Are exchange rates predictable?" is, "It depends" on the choice of predictor, forecast horizon, sample period, model, and forecast evaluation method. Predictability is most apparent when one or more of the following hold: the predictors are Taylor rule or net foreign assets, the model is linear, and a small number of parameters are estimated. The toughest benchmark is the random walk without drift.
Reduced Reward Responsiveness Predicts Change in Depressive Symptoms in Anxious Children and Adolescents Following Treatment.
Venue: Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
Year: 2019

Reduced reward responsiveness, as measured by the event related potential (ERP) component, the reward positivity (RewP) has been shown to play a role in the development of internalizing disorders, but implications for treatment remain unclear. In adult patients with anxiety and/or depression, reduced RewP has emerged as a predictor of greater change in symptoms following cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. The objectives of this preliminary study were to extend these findings to children and adolescents with anxiety disorders by evaluating RewP to reward as a predictor of change in anxiety severity or depressive symptoms following treatment with CBT or SSRI and to explore whether RewP differentially predicts response to one type of treatment.  Patients (7 19 years old) with social and/or generalized anxiety disorder (N 27) completed baseline measures of anxiety severity and depressive symptoms, as well as an ERP monetary reward anticipation and feedback task. RewP was measured in response to reward and breaking even feedback. Patients were then randomly assigned to CBT or SSRI treatment, and completed measures of anxiety and depressive symptom severity at the last treatment session.  Reduced reward responsiveness, as measured by RewP to rewards, predicted greater change in depressive symptoms following treatment, adjusting for baseline symptoms, age, and RewP to breaking even. RewP was not a significant predictor of change in anxiety symptoms. Although preliminary, exploratory analyses suggested that among anxious youth, RewP specifically predicted change in depressive symptoms following CBT, rather than SSRI.  Results provide preliminary support for the utility of ERP measures of reward responsiveness in predicting treatment response in youth. With further research and standardization, ERP assessments could potentially be implemented in clinical settings to inform prognosis and treatment planning for youth with internalizing disorders.
A STUDY OF L1 INTEREFERENCE IN THE WRITING OF THAI EFL STUDENTS
Year: 2016

This study aimed to analyse and describe features of L1 interference in paragraph writing by 28 third year English minor students who enrolled in the Basic Writing course in the 2006 semester 1 at Thaksin University. Three levels of L1 interference, namely words, sentences and discourse, were analyzed from samples of the students' paragraph writing in the final exam paper and discussed by considering four approaches: contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage analysis, and contrastive rhetoric. It was found that literal translation of Thai words into English mainly represented features of L1 lexical interference in the students' written English. Moreover, structural borrowing from Thai language such as word order, subject verb agreement, and noun determiners indicated features of L1 syntactic interference. In addition, levels of language style and Thai cultural knowledge in written discourse presented features of L1 discourse interference. These chronic writing problems should be solved in an appropriate way for the quality of written product and ESL/EFL writing instruction.
Chemical and pharmacological standardization of Ashwagandhadi lehyam: an ayurvedic formulation
Venue: Journal of complementary integrative medicine
Year: 2013

Standardization is an important measurement for ensuring the quality control of herbal drugs. It has become essential to develop reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods. One of the prime ingredients of Ashwagandhadi lehyam is Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Solanaceae) (ashwagandha) In the present study, Ashwagandhadi lehyam was formulated and the quality assessment of the formulation was based on phytochemical screening and physico chemical evaluation. Ashwagandhadi lehyam was formulated according to a working formula and subjected to phytochemical screening by FTIR analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting, heavy metal determination by AAS, determination of alcohol content, tested for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, oral toxicity studies and anti epileptic activity by MES method. The physico chemical studies showed total ash content as 6.45% extractive values and some trace elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic with 3.2, 0.05, 0.18 and 0.48 ppm, respectively. FTIR and HPTLC studies revealed the presence of functional groups of withanolides in Ashwagandhadi lehyam, resulting in its chemical standardization. The formulation exhibited less epileptic seizures in various phases when compared with that of standard phenytoin and found to possess better anti inflammatory activity, thus making it biologically standardized. The physico chemical and pharmacological analysis to standardize Ashwagandhadi lehyam confirmed its use as a safe anti inflammatory agent and for various seizure disorders.
A new paradigm: Diagnosis and management of HSCT associated thrombotic microangiopathy as multi system endothelial injury.
Venue: Blood reviews
Year: 2015

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA TMA) is now a well recognized and potentially severe complication of HSCT that carries a high risk of death. In those who survive, TA TMA may be associated with long term morbidity and chronic organ injury. Recently, there have been new insights into the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of TA TMA. Specifically, TA TMA can manifest as a multi system disease occurring after various triggers of small vessel endothelial injury, leading to subsequent tissue damage in different organs. While the kidney is most commonly affected, TA TMA involving organs such as the lung, bowel, heart, and brain is now known to have specific clinical presentations. We now review the most up to date research on TA TMA, focusing on the pathogenesis of endothelial injury, the diagnosis of TA TMA affecting the kidney and other organs, and new clinical approaches to the management of this complication after HSCT.
Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanotube array modified with WO3 applied to the degradation of the endocrine disruptor propyl paraben
Year: 2017

We report on the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of the endocrine disruptor propyl paraben (PPB) using a TiO 2 nanotube (TiO 2 NT) electrode prepared via chemical anodization, and a TiO 2 NT electrode modified with WO 3 by electrodeposition. Solutions containing 50 mg L 1 PPB were subjected to the photoelectrocatalytic process in a 0.2 L one compartment electrochemical cell under UV/VIS irradiation, and the effects of bias potential 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 V) and solution pH (3.0, 7.0 and 10) on the performances of the unmodified and modified electrodes were investigated. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that the nanotubes were highly organized and perpendicularly aligned with a mean length of 800 nm. According to energy dispersive X ray and SEM analyses, the concentration of W in the TiO 2 NT/WO 3 electrode was 0.75% and the distribution of the modifier was continuous and homogeneous on the surface, with pores uncovered and decorated with WO 3 The photocurrent of the TiO 2 NT/WO 3 electrode was improved by more than 20% in relation to its unmodified counterpart. The maximum degradation efficiencies were achieved at higher applied potentials and under acidic conditions for both electrodes. However, best results were obtained using the TiO 2 NT/WO 3 electrode with an applied potential of 1.50 V and at pH 3. Under these conditions, more than 99% of PPB was removed in 30 min and 94% mineralization was achieved in 60 min. The photoactivity of the electrode was highly stable even after exhaustive application, indicating that WO 3 deposition is an important method for improving the properties of TiO 2 NT electrodes as applied to organic oxidation.
Multidimensional imaging provides evidence for down regulation of T cell effector function by MDSC in human cancer tissue
Venue: Science Immunology
Year: 2019

Intratumoral physical engagement of T cells with immunosuppressive neutrophils is associated with reduced effector function. Interior tumor views Previous studies indicate that a high frequency of intratumoral neutrophils is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Si et al. used a variety of microscopy and imaging techniques to examine how intratumoral interactions between tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can affect TIL function. They developed 2D and 3D multiparameter immunofluorescence imaging techniques to localize and define functional cell subsets, which were used to identify hotspots of TAN/TIL interactions within tumors. Some of these TANs had a polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cell (PMN MDSC) phenotype, and their physical association with TILs reduced antitumor functions of those TILs. This study identifies areas of MDSC activity in human tumors and provides a more detailed perspective of how intratumoral cell interactions influence cell function. A high intratumoral frequency of neutrophils is associated with poor clinical outcome in most cancer entities. It is hypothesized that immunosuppressive MDSC (myeloid derived suppressor cell) activity of neutrophils against tumor reactive T cells contributes to this effect. However, direct evidence for such activity in situ is lacking. Here, we used whole mount labeling and clearing, three dimensional (3D) light sheet microscopy and digital image reconstruction supplemented by 2D multiparameter immunofluorescence, for in situ analyses of potential MDSC T cell interactions in primary human head and neck cancer tissue. We could identify intratumoral hotspots of high polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSC and T cell colocalization. In these areas, the expression of effector molecules Granzyme B and Ki67 in T cells was strongly reduced, in particular for T cells that were in close proximity or physically engaged with PMN MDSC, which expressed LOX 1 and arginase I. Patients with cancer with evidence for strong down regulation of T cell function by PMN MDSC had significantly impaired survival. In summary, our approach identifies areas of clinically relevant functional interaction between MDSC and T cells in human cancer tissue and may help to inform patient selection in future combination immunotherapies.