nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Next generation optical wireless communications for data centers
Venue: Photonics West Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
Year: 2015

Data centers collect and process information with a capacity that has been increasing from year to year at an almost exponential pace. Traditional fiber/cable data center network interconnections suffer from bandwidth overload, as well as flexibility and scalability issues. Therefore, a technology shift from the fiber and cable to wireless has already been initiated in order to meet the required data rate, flexibility and scalability demands for next generation data center network interconnects. In addition, the shift to wireless reduces the volume allocated to the cabling/fiber and increases the cooling efficiency. Optical wireless communication (OWC) or free space optics (FSO) is one of the most effective wireless technologies that could be used in future data centers and could provide ultra high capacity, very high cyber security and minimum latency, due to the low index of refraction of air in comparison to fiber technologies. In this paper we review the main concepts and configurations for next generation OWC for data centers. Two families of technologies are reviewed: the first technology regards interconnects between rack units in the same rack and the second technology regards the data center network that connects the server top of rack (TOR) to the switch. A comparison between different network technologies is presented.
Patent Number 45 Date of Patent 5 268 044 Dec 7 1993 54 HIGH STRENGTH HIGH FRACTURE TOUGHNESS ALLOY 75 Inventors
Year: 2017

L. Luyckx et al. "Sulfide Shape Control in High Strength Low Alloy Steels" Ultrahigh Strength Steels for Aerospace Applications' JOM (May 1990) L. Luyckx et al. "Current Trends in the Use of Rare Earths in Steelmaking' Electric Furnace Proceedings, (1973) P. E. Waudby, "Rare Earth Additions to Steel' Inter national Metals Reviews, (1978) No. 2. Primary Examiner Deborah Yee Attorney, Agent, or Firm Dann, Dorfman, Herrell and Skiliman
Meaningful engagement of people living with HIV who use drugs: methodology for the design of a Peer Research Associate (PRA) hiring model
Venue: Harm Reduction Journal
Year: 2016

BackgroundCommunity based HIV, harm reduction, and addiction research increasingly involve members of affected communities as Peer Research Associates (PRAs) individuals with common experiences to the participant population (e.g. people who use drugs, people living with HIV [PLHIV] However, there is a paucity of literature detailing the operationalization of PRA hiring and thus limited understanding regarding how affected communities can be meaningfully involved through low barrier engagement in paid positions within community based participatory research (CBPR) projects. We aim to address this gap by describing a low threshold PRA hiring process.ResultsIn 2012, the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and the Dr. Peter AIDS Foundation collaborated to develop a mixed method CBPR project evaluating the effectiveness of the Dr. Peter Centre (DPC) an integrative HIV care facility in Vancouver, Canada. A primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of DPC services among clients who have a history of illicit drug use. In keeping with CBPR principles, affected populations, community based organizations, and key stakeholders guided the development and dissemination of a low barrier PRA hiring process to meaningfully engage affected communities (e.g. PLHIV who have a history of illicit drug use) in all aspects of the research project.The hiring model was implemented in a number of stages, including (1) the establishment of a hiring team; (2) the development and dissemination of the job posting; (3) interviewing applicants; and (4) the selection of participants. The hiring model presented in this paper demonstrates the benefits of hiring vulnerable PLHIV who use drugs as PRAs in community based research.ConclusionsThe provision of low barrier access to meaningful research employment described herein attempts to engage affected communities beyond tokenistic involvement in research. Our hiring model was successful at engaging five PRAs over a 2 year period and fostered opportunities for future paid employment or volunteer opportunities through ongoing collaboration between PRAs and a diverse range of stakeholders working in HIV/AIDS and addictions. Additionally, this model has the potential to be used across a range of studies and community based settings interested in meaningfully engaging communities in all stages of the research process.
Low Temperature Plasma Assisted Nitrogen Fixation for Corn Plant Growth and Development
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences
Year: 2021

Nitrogen fixation is crucial for plants as it is utilized for the biosynthesis of almost all biomolecules. Most of our atmosphere consists of nitrogen, but plants cannot straightforwardly assimilate this from the air, and natural nitrogen fixation is inadequate to meet the extreme necessities of global nutrition. In this study, nitrogen fixation in water was achieved by an AC driven non thermal atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma jet. In addition, Mg, Al, or Zn was immersed in the water, which neutralized the plasma treated water and increased the rate of nitrogen reduction to ammonia due to the additional hydrogen generated by the reaction between the plasma generated acid and metal. The effect of the plasma activated water, with and without metal ions, on germination and growth in corn plants (Zea Mays) was investigated. The germination rate was found to be higher with plasma treated water and more efficient in the presence of metal ions. Stem lengths and germination rates were significantly increased with respect to those produced by DI water irrigation. The plants responded to the abundance of nitrogen by producing intensely green leaves because of their increased chlorophyll and protein contents. Based on this report, non thermal plasma reactors could be used to substantially enhance seed germination and seedling growth.
Running Experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk
Year: 2010

Mechanical Turk has recently become popular among social scientists as a source of experimental data, doubts may linger about the quality of data provided by subjects recruited from online labor markets. We address these potential concerns by presenting new demographic data about the Mechanical Turk subject population, reviewing the strengths of Mechanical Turk relative to other online and offline methods of recruiting subjects, and comparing the magnitude of effects obtained using Mechanical Turk and traditional subject pools. We further discuss some additional benefits such as the possibility of longitudinal, cross cultural and prescreening designs, and offer some advice on how to best manage a common subject pool.
A nightmare on the brain of the living? The endurance and limits of the collective bargaining regime
Year: 2016

Despite pressures to liberalise its economy and strong resistance to union bargaining rights from domestic constituencies, South Africa has maintained, for more than two decades, a labour relations regime which offers trade unions and workers generous rights. The article seeks to explain the bargaining system's survival in seemingly unlikely circumstances. It argues that racial politics combined with the emergence of a trade union movement relatively independent of its nationalist ally have made the political costs of denying or retreating from a generous set of union rights prohibitive. But, while the implicit bargain may enable unions to negotiate wages and working conditions, this does not automatically mean gains for workers or the poor, for the bargaining system has proved incapable of fully resolving the conflict caused by a path dependence which ensures the persistence of racial domination in the economy.
Microvasculature on a chip: study of the Endothelial Surface Layer and the flow structure of Red Blood Cells
Venue: Scientific reports
Year: 2017

Microvasculatures on a chip, i.e. in vitro models that mimic important features of microvessel networks, have gained increasing interest in recent years. Such devices have allowed investigating pathophysiological situations involving abnormal biophysical interactions between blood cells and vessel walls. Still, a central question remains regarding the presence, in such biomimetic systems, of the endothelial glycocalyx. The latter is a glycosaminoglycans rich surface layer exposed to blood flow, which plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between circulating cells and the endothelium. Here, we use confocal microscopy to characterize the layer expressed by endothelial cells cultured in microfluidic channels. We show that, under our culture conditions, endothelial cells form a confluent layer on all the walls of the circuit and display a glycocalyx that fully lines the lumen of the microchannels. Moreover, the thickness of this surface layer is found to be on the order of 600 nm, which compares well with measurements performed ex or in vivo on microcapillaries. Furthermore, we investigate how the presence of endothelial cells in the microchannels affects their hydrodynamic resistance and the near wall motion of red blood cells. Our study thus provides an important insight into the physiological relevance of in vitro microvasculatures.
GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF RIVER BANK SLOPES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF MAJULI, ASSAM, INDIA
Year: 2017

Majuli is the largest river island in the world and is situated within the Brahmaputra River in the Jorhat District of Assam. It is a seat of Vaishnavite Culture and has been experiencing extensive erosion along its southern margin, which has led to reduction of the land area over the past few decades. The present study investigates the geotechnical properties of bank materials occurring at a few locations along the southern margin of Majuli, with a view to assess their in situ stability condition. Field investigations included micro level survey of river bank slope, and study of lithofacies types and sequence. Representative samples of bank material collected during field work were subjected to textural analysis and determination of shear strength parameters, in the laboratory. The Factor of Safety of the slopes was determined following the Bishops method as well as from Circular Failure Charts. The investigations reveal that materials comprising the slopes range from very fine sand to silt and clay. The lithofacies are represented by fine sands with low angle cross stratification (Sl) horizontal laminated sand (Sh) planar cross stratified sand (Sp) and massive mud (Fm) The slope angle ranges between 17 o to 35 o while the slope height varies from 2m to 7m. The values of cohesion(C) and angle of internal friction (f) indicates the dominance of frictional component. A near unity value of Factor of Safety of the analyzed slopes indicates prevalence of an unstable to critically stable condition in them.
Civility 2.0: a comparative analysis of incivility in online political discussion
Year: 2015

In an effort to clean up user comment sections, news organizations have turned to Facebook, the world's largest social network site, as a way to make users more identifiable and accountable for the content they produce. It is hypothesized that users leaving comments via their Facebook profile will be less likely to engage in uncivil and impolite discussion, even when it comes to discussing politically sensitive and potentially divisive issues. By analysing the content of discussion as it occurs in response to political news content on the Washington Post Facebook, and comparing it to that which occurs on the Washington Post website where users are afforded a relatively high level of anonymity, the present study determines the extent to which Facebook increases the level of civility and impoliteness in an area of political discussion renowned for uncivil and impolite communicative behaviour. In line with earlier theories of social interaction, the paper finds that political discussion on The Washington Post website is significantly more likely to be uncivil than discussion of the same content on the Washington Post Facebook page. Moreover, the incivility and impoliteness on the Washington Post website are significantly more likely to be directed towards other participants in the discussion compared to The Washington Post Facebook page.
Effects of Turmeric and Curcumin Dietary Supplementation on Human Gut Microbiota: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Pilot Study
Venue: Journal of evidence based integrative medicine
Year: 2018

Curcuma longa (common name: turmeric) and one of its biologically active constituents, curcumin, have received increased clinical attention. Insufficient data exist on the effects of curcumin and turmeric on the gut microbiota and such studies in humans are lacking.  Turmeric tablets with extract of piperine (Bioperine) (n 6) curcumin with Bioperine tablets (n 5) or placebo tablets (n 3) were provided to healthy human subjects and subsequent changes in the gut microbiota were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing.  The number of taxa detected ranged from 172 to 325 bacterial species. The placebo group displayed an overall reduction in species by 15% whereas turmeric treated subjects displayed a modest 7% increase in observed species posttreatment. Subjects taking curcumin displayed an average increase of 69% in detected species. The gut microbiota response to treatment was highly personalized, thus leading to responders and nonresponders displaying response concordance. These "responsive" subjects defined a signature involving uniform increases in most Clostridium spp. Bacteroides spp. Citrobacter spp. Cronobacter spp. Enterobacter spp. Enterococcus spp. Klebsiella spp. Parabacteroides spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Common to these subjects was the reduced relative abundance of several Blautia spp. and most Ruminococcus spp.  All participants' microbiota displayed significant variation over time and individualized response to treatment. Among the responsive participants, both turmeric and curcumin altered the gut microbiota in a highly similar manner, suggesting that curcumin may drive the majority of observed changes observed in turmeric treated subjects.
A Markov Decision Process Approach for Cost Benefit Analysis of Infrastructure Resilience Upgrades
Year: 2020

As climate change threatens to cause increasingly frequent and severe natural disasters, decision makers must consider costly investments to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructures. Evaluating these potential resilience improvements using traditional cost benefit analysis (CBA) approaches is often problematic because disasters are stochastic and can destroy even hardened infrastructure, meaning that the lifetimes of investments are themselves uncertain. In this paper, we develop a novel Markov decision process (MDP) model for CBA of infrastructure resilience upgrades that offer prevention (reduce the probability of a disaster) and/or protection (mitigate the cost of a disaster) benefits. Stochastic features of the model include disaster occurrences and whether or not a disaster terminates the effective life of an earlier resilience upgrade. From our MDP model, we derive analytical expressions for the decision maker's willingness to pay (WTP) to enhance infrastructure resilience, and conduct a comparative static analysis to investigate how the WTP varies with the fundamental parameters of the problem. Following this theoretical portion of the paper, we demonstrate the applicability of our MDP framework to real world decision making by applying it to two case studies of electric utility infrastructure hardening. The first case study considers elevating a flood prone substation and the second assesses upgrading transmission structures to withstand high winds. Results from these two case studies show that assumptions about the value of lost load during power outages and the distribution of customer types significantly influence the WTP for the resilience upgrades and are material to the decisions of whether or not to implement them.
All organic switching polarizer based on polymer waveguides and liquid crystals
Year: 2018

This paper reports on the design, fabrication and characterization of an all organic photonic integrated circuit working as a switching polarizer for visible light (630nm) combining organic waveguides and liquid crystals that can be electrically driven. The device was made in commercially available epoxy by laser direct writing lithography. A device with a 2dB loss and a 20dB extinction ratio for both polarizations, was simulated; the manufactured devices proved the working principle of the design. The results have led to the design of a switching polarization splitter, in which a careful choice of waveguide material and liquid crystal can lead to devices working on a wide range of wavelengths.  Polarization selective devices; (130.4815) Optical switching devices; (130.0250) Optoelectronics. References and links 1. T. Su, R. P. Scott, C. Ogden, S. T. Thurman, R. L. Kendrick, A. Duncan, R. Yu, and S. Yoo, "Experimental demonstration of interferometric imaging using photonic integrated circuits," Opt. Express 25, 12653 12665 (2017) 2. S. Feng, C. Qin, K. Shang, S. Pathak, W. Lai, B. Guan, M. Clements, T. Su, G. Liu, H. Lu, R.P. Scott and S.J. Ben Yoo, "Rapidly reconfigurable high fidelity optical arbitrary waveform generation in heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits," Opt. Express 25, 8872 8885 (2017) 3. L. Chang, M. H. Pfeiffer, N. Volet, M. Zervas, J. D. Peters, C. L. Manganelli, E. J. Stanton, Y. Li, T. J. Kippenberg, and J. E. Bowers, "Heterogeneous integration of lithium niobate and silicon nitride waveguides for wafer scale photonic integrated circuits on silicon," Opt. Lett. 42, 803 806 (2017) 4. D. Liang and J. Bowers, "Photonic integration: Si or InP substrates?"  (2009) 5. L. A. Coldren, S. C. Nicholes, L. Johansson, S. Ristic, R. S. Guzzon, E. J. Norberg, and U. Krishnamachari, "High performance InP based photonic ICs A tutorial,"  (2011) 6. Z. Sheng, D. Dai, and S. He, "Comparative study of losses in ultrasharp silicon on insulator nanowire bends,"  1412 (2009) 7. R. Dangel, J. Hofrichter, F. Horst, D. Jubin, A. La Porta, N. Meier, I. M. Soganci, J. Weiss, and B. J. Offrein, "Polymer waveguides for electro optical integration in data centers and high performance computers," Opt. Express 23, 4736 4750 (2015) 8. A. La Porta, R. Dangel, D. Jubin, N. Meier, F. Horst, and B. J. Offrein, "Scalable and broadband silicon photonics chip to fiber optical interface using polymer waveguides,"  2017) pp. 13 14. 9. S. Knauer, M. Lopez Garcia, and J. G. Rarity, "Structured polymer waveguides on distributed bragg reflector coupling to solid state emitter,"  (2017) 10. S. Chandrasekhar, Liquid crystals, 2nd. ed.
Performance Investigation of Topology Based Routing Protocols in Flying Ad Hoc Networks Using NS 2
Year: 2020

Recently, with the rapid technological advancement in communication technologies, it has been possible to establish wireless communication between small, portable, and flexible devices like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) These vehicles can fly autonomously or be operated without carrying any human being. The workings with UAVs environment often refer to flying ad hoc network (FANETs) currently a very important and challenging area of research. The usage of FANETs promises new applications in military and civilian areas. The data routing between UAVs also plays an important role for these real time applications and services. However, the routing in FANETs scenario faces serious issues due to fast mobility and rapid network topology change of UAVs. Therefore, this chapter proposes a comparative study on topology based routing protocols like AODV, DSDV, and DSR. Furthermore, investigate the performance of these different protocols for a FANETs environment based on different parameters by using the NS 2 simulator.
Inventario Turistico: constatacoes e consideracoes
Year: 2020

Entre 2015  2017,  um projeto de Inventariacao da Oferta Turistica (IOT RJ) em 23 municipios que participavam do Programa Regional de Desenvolvimento do Turismo do Rio de Janeiro (PRODETUR RJ) O projeto apontou para alguns aspectos positivos e para fragilidades que levaram a reflexao sobre as vantagens e limitacoes das metodologias empregadas, os sucessos e percalcos na organizacao da pesquisa e a alimentacao e divulgacao dos dados. Apesar dos avancos tecnologico e dos resultados positivos obtidos, a experiencia apontou para limitacoes, especialmente quanto a logistica, ao uso da tecnologia, a disposicao dos dados finais, a divulgacao e a compreensao por parte dos usuarios dos inventarios, de seu valor no processo decisorio de planejamento do turismo e necessidade de atualizacao constante.  Inventario da oferta turistica; PRODETUR; IOT RJ; Rio de Janeiro.
Administration of warfarin accelerates the recovery in ischemia/reperfusion induced acute pancreatitis.
Venue: Journal of physiology and pharmacology an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society
Year: 2020

Acute pancreatitis is associated with activation of coagulation and there is a close relationship between coagulation and the severity of this disease. Administration of anticoagulants such as heparin or acenocoumarol has shown to reduce the severity of acute pancreatitis and accelerate the recovery. The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of warfarin administration on the course of ischemia/reperfusion induced acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. Vehicle (1 ml/dose) or warfarin (45, 90 or 180 mg/kg/dose in 1 ml of vehicle) were administered intragastrically once a day. The first dose of warfarin was given 24 h after the start of pancreatic reperfusion. The severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed 2, 5, 9 and 14 days after the beginning of pancreatic reperfusion. Treatment with warfarin reduces pancreatic damage and accelerates recovery in histological examination and this effect is accompanied by a faster reduction in serum activity of pancreatic digestive enzymes, lipase and amylase. In addition, warfarin led to an earlier decrease in serum concentration of pro inflammatory interleukin 1b and plasma level of D dimer. These effects were associated with an improvement of pancreatic blood flow. We conclude that warfarin exhibits a therapeutic effect in acute pancreatitis evoked by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion.