nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology
Venue: J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol.
Year: 2008

The purpose of this article is to critically deconstruct the term engagement as it applies to peoples' experiences with technology. Through an extensive, critical multidisciplinary literature review and exploratory study of users of Web searching, online shopping, Webcasting, and gaming applications, we conceptually and operationally defined engagement. Building on past research, we conducted semistructured interviews with the users of four applications to explore their perception of being engaged with the technology. Results indicate that engagement is a process comprised of four distinct stages: point of engagement, period of sustained engagement, disengagement, and reengagement. Furthermore, the process is characterized by attributes of engagement that pertain to the user, the system, and user system interaction. We also found evidence of the factors that contribute to nonengagement. Emerging from this research is a definition of engagement a term not defined consistently in past work as a quality of user experience characterized by attributes of challenge, positive affect, endurability, aesthetic and sensory appeal, attention, feedback, variety/novelty, interactivity, and perceived user control. This exploratory work provides the foundation for future work to test the conceptual model in various application areas, and to develop methods to measure engaging user experiences.  In the past few decades, human computer interaction studies have emphasized the need to move beyond usability to understand and design for more engaging experiences (Hassenzahl Tractinsky, 2006; Jacques, Preece, Carey, 1995; Laurel, 1993) A Web interface that is boring, a multimedia presentation that does not captivate users' attention, or an online forum that fails to engender a sense of community are quickly dismissed with a simple mouse click. Failing to engage users equates with no sale on an electronic commerce site and no transmission of information from a Web site; people go elsewhere to perform their tasks and communicate with colleagues and friends. Successful technologies are not just usable; they engage users. Despite the 1 This is the authors' version of an article published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, http:/www.asis.org/jasist.html. This version has been updated to reflect changes in the final published version. Complete citation is as follows: O'Brien, H.L. Toms, E.G. (2008) What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology.
Cognitive Factories: Modeling Situated Entropy in Physical Work Carried Out by Humans and Robots
Venue: Entropy
Year: 2018

Entropy in factories is situated. For example, there can be numerous different ways of picking, orientating, and placing physical components during assembly work. Physical components can be redesigned to increase the Information Gain they provide and so reduce situated entropy in assembly work. Also, situated entropy is affected by the extent of knowledge of those doing the work. For example, work can be done by knowledgeable experts or by beginners who lack knowledge about physical components, etc. The number of different ways that work can be done and the knowledge of the worker combine to affect cognitive load. Thus, situated entropy in factories relates to situated cognition within which knowledge is bound to physical contexts and knowing is inseparable from doing. In this paper, six contributions are provided for modelling situated entropy in factories. First, theoretical frameworks are brought together to provide a conceptual framework for modelling. Second, the conceptual framework is related to physical production using practical examples. Third, Information Theory mathematics is applied to the examples and a preliminary methodology in presented for modelling in practice. Fourth, physical artefacts in factory production are reframed as carriers of Information Gain and situated entropy, which may or may not combine as Net Information Gain. Fifth, situated entropy is related to different types of cognitive factories that involve different levels of uncertainty in production operations. Sixth, the need to measure Net Information Gain in the introduction of new technologies for embodied and extended cognition is discussed in relation to a taxonomy for distributed cognition situated in factory production. Overall, modelling of situated entropy is introduced as an opportunity for improving the planning and control of factories that deploy human cognition and cognitive technologies including assembly robotics.
Pengaruh Latihan Kekuatan Otot Lengan Terhadap Kemampuan Shooting Bola Basket
Year: 2019

Teknik dasar yang benar akan memudahkan atlet dalam melakukan gerakan gerakan sesuaidengan keinginan dan merupakan landasan atau pondasi bagi atlet dalam melakukan teknik lanjutan,taktik dan strategi. Untuk mendapatkan teknik shooting yang baik maka diperlukan kekuatan ototlengan yang kuat selain juga feeling ball atau ketepatan yang baik. Target/ring basket yang memilikitinggi 3.05 meter akan membutuhkan dorongan tenaga yang maksimal sehingga bola masuk ke ring.Gerakan melempar bola ke arah ring dengan menggunakan tahapan Balance, Elbow, Eyes, FollowThrow (BEEF) Latihan push up diberikan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh latihan kekuatanotot lengan terhadap kemampuan shooting bola basket dan untuk mendapatkan macam dan metodelatihan untuk penguatan otot lengan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitianeksperimen dengan menggunakan desain pre eksperimental yaitu one group pretests posttest design.Hasil penelitian kelompok eksperimen nilai korelasinya adalah 0,944 dari mean X1= 2,70000 denganstandar deviasi 2.71839, sedangkan korelasi untuk kelompok kontrol adalah 0,774 dari mean X2=2,60000 dengan standar deviasi 1,81184, sehingga dari hasil pre test dan post test didapatkan hasil mean1,0000 dengan standar deviasi 0,90655 dan hasil t test adalah 2,420 dengan demikian hipotesis diterima,maka latihan kekuatan otot lengan terhadap kemampuan shoting bola basket pada mahasiswaUniversitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Angkatan 2018.
Airbnb and the rent gap: Gentrification through the sharing economy
Year: 2018

Airbnb and other short term rental services are a topic of increasing concern for urban researchers, policymakers, and activists, because of the fear that short term rentals are facilitating gentrification. This article presents a framework for analyzing the relationship between short term rentals and gentrification, an exploratory case study of New York City, and an agenda for future research. We argue that Airbnb has introduced a new potential revenue flow into housing markets which is systematic but geographically uneven, creating a new form of rent gap in culturally desirable and internationally recognizable neighborhoods. This rent gap can emerge quickly in advance of any declining property income and requires minimal new capital to be exploited by a range of different housing actors, from developers to landlords, tenants, and homeowners. Performing spatial analysis on three years of Airbnb activity in New York City, we measure new capital flows into the short term rental market, identify neighborhoods whose housing markets have already been significantly impacted by short term, identify neighborhoods which are increasingly under threat of Airbnb induced gentrification, and estimate the amount of rental housing lost to Airbnb. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda on gentrification and the sharing economy.
Organism environment interactions and differential gene expression patterns among open coastal and estuarine populations of Porphyra umbilicalis Kutzing (Rhodophyta) in the Northwest Atlantic
Year: 2018

Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over expressed in tissue from the open coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high affinity NH4+ transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species' use in aquaculture.
On Effective Degrees of Freedom in the Early Universe
Year: 2016

We explore the effective degrees of freedom in the early Universe, from before the electroweak scale at a few femtoseconds after the Big Bang until the last positrons disappeared a few minutes later. We look at the established concepts of effective degrees of freedom for energy density, pressure, and entropy density, and introduce effective degrees of freedom for number density as well. We discuss what happens with particle species as their temperature cools down from relativistic to semi and non relativistic temperatures, and then annihilates completely. This will affect the pressure and the entropy per particle. We also look at the transition from a quark gluon plasma to a hadron gas. Using a list a known hadrons, we use a "cross over" temperature of 214 MeV, where the effective degrees of freedom for a quark gluon plasma equals that of a hadron gas.
Integrating the 'duty of care' under the European Convention on Human Rights and the science and law of climate change: the decision of The Hague Court of Appeal in the Urgenda case
Venue: Journal of Energy Natural Resources Law
Year: 2019

Does international law afford individual rights to enforce climate action of states and if so, is there a legally binding standard of climate protection that domestic courts can apply? The Gerechtshof Den Haag (The Hague Court of Appeal) in the Urgenda decision of October 2018 has answered these questions in the positive. The Hague Court of Appeal thereby acknowledged the existence of a 'duty of care' in Dutch law based on the European Convention on Human Rights. A closer analysis of the judgment reveals that the concrete content of this duty of care is derived not from human rights, but from scientifically proven and internationally endorsed greenhouse gas emission reduction targets which are imperative to achieve the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. This article analyses the judgment and examines whether it is consistent with the existing environmental case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It demonstrates that the judgment forms part of a tidal wave of judicial enquiry into the accountability of governments for their climate action on the basis of human rights and that it is the virtue of human rights law to be conducive to resolving the accountability issue of governments for their climate action. More evidence is needed to substantiate that a new 'European Consensus' emerges that not only comprises agreement on an ambitious global temperature goal but translates this into individual rights to enforce climate protection.
KEPRIBADIAN MUSLIM MENURUT PROF. DR. HAMKA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Year: 2020

Tujuan pendidikan Islam, yaitu membentuk manusia yang berkepribadian muslim yang bertakwa dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas kekhalifahan dan peribadatan kepada Allah untuk mencapai kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan akhirat. Salah satu ulama yaitu Prof. Dr. Hamka membahas secara detail bagaimana menjadi sosok pribadi yang erat kaitannya dengan karakter karakter yang seharusnya dimiliki seorang muslim. Tujuan yang hendak ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah memahami Konsep Kepribadian Muslim Menurut Prof. Dr. Hamka dan Aplikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian library research, dengan metode historical research. Sumber data primer penelitian ini adalah buku Pribadi Hebat karya Prof. Dr. Hamka. Sumber data primer penelitian ini adalah buku Pribadi Hebat, Lembaga Hidup, Falsafah Hidup, Lembaga Budi, karya Prof. Dr. Hamka. Sumber data sekunder digunakan sebagai sebagai sumber data pelengkap dalam peneliti ini, yang diambil dari buku buku, jurnal, karya karya ilmiah lainnya yang relevan dengan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis konten. Analisis konten adalah teknik apapun untuk menarik kesimpulan melalui usaha menemukan karakteristik pesan dan dilakukan secara objektik dan sistematis. Aplikasi konsep kepribadian muslim menurut Prof. Dr. Hamka terhadap pendidikan Islam terlihat pada pendidikan keluarga, penerapan pada kurikulum pembelajaran dan kegiatan belajar mengajar, tanggung jawab menanamkan kebiasaan kebiasaan baik di lingkungan masyarakat.
Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID 19 Global Epidemic.
Venue: JAMA
Year: 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) continues to spread internationally. Worldwide, more than 100 000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19, the disease caused by SARS CoV 2) and more than 3500 deaths have been reported. COVID 19 is thought to have higher mortality than seasonal influenza, even as wide variation is reported. While the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates global mortality at 3.4\ South Korea has noted mortality of about 0.6\.Vaccine development and research into medical treatment for COVID 19 are under way, but are many months away. Meanwhile, the pressure on the global health care workforce continues to intensify. This pressure takes 2 forms. The first is the potentially overwhelming burden of illnesses that stresses health system capacity and the second is the adverse effects on health care workers, including the risk of infection.
Bi Transferring Deep Neural Networks for Domain Adaptation
Venue: ACL
Year: 2016

Sentiment classification aims to automatically predict sentiment polarity (e.g. positive or negative) of user generated sentiment data (e.g. reviews, blogs) Due to the mismatch among different domains, a sentiment classifier trained in one domain may not work well when directly applied to other domains. Thus, domain adaptation for sentiment classification algorithms are highly desirable to reduce the domain discrepancy and manual labeling costs. To address the above challenge, we propose a novel domain adaptation method, called Bi Transferring Deep Neural Networks (BTDNNs) The proposed BTDNNs attempts to transfer the source domain examples to the target domain, and also transfer the target domain examples to the source domain. The linear transformation of BTDNNs ensures the feasibility of transferring between domains, and the distribution consistency between the transferred domain and the desirable domain is constrained with a linear data reconstruction manner. As a result, the transferred source domain is supervised and follows similar distribution as the target domain. Therefore, any supervised method can be used on the transferred source domain to train a classifier for sentiment classification in a target domain. We conduct experiments on a benchmark composed of reviews of 4 types of Amazon products. Experimental results show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the several baseline methods, and achieves an accuracy which is competitive with the state of the art method for domain adaptation.
180 Gb/s PAM8 Signal Transmission in Bandwidth Limited IMDD System Enabled by Tap Coefficient Decision Directed Volterra Equalizer
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

In this paper, we have explored the feasibility of 8 level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM8) format for realizing beyond 100 Gb/s transmission in a bandwidth limited intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) system. Generally, Volterra equalizer is a practical algorithm which can be used in bandwidth limited system to combat the linear and nonlinear impairments. However, we observe that the performance of Volterra equalizer would be restricted by a phenomenon of level dependent equalized effect, especially in low optical signal to noise ratio case. To cope with this problem, a tap coefficient decision directed Volterra equalizer (TDD Volterra) with multiple sets of tap coefficients is proposed. The optimal set of tap coefficients is selected according to the decision results of input symbols before equalization. By this means, the TDD Volterra is effective for overcoming the level dependent equalized effect. By using the proposed TDD Volterra, 180 Gb/s PAM8 signal is successfully transmitted over 2 km standard single mode fiber in an IMDD system with the 10 dB bandwidth of 17.5 GHz for the first time. The achieved bit error rate (BER) value is below the 7% overhead hard decision forward error correction threshold of $3.8\times 10 3} Moreover, the performance comparison among decision directed least mean square equalizer, Volterra Equalizer, and TDD Volterra are analyzed in this paper. The experimental results show that compared to the conventional Volterra equalizer, the algorithm complexity of TDD Volterra is decreased by over 50% for achieving a given BER value. Our research may provide a solution for beyond 100 Gb/s short reach applications using bandwidth limited electro optical components.
Method for preparing micro nano composite texturing cutting tool by using femtosecond laser
Year: 2010

The invention relates to the technical field of micro structural surface preparation and laser micro processing, and in particular provides a method for preparing a micro nano composite texturing cutting tool by using femtosecond laser. In the method, micro nano texturing and micro/nano composite texturing preparation is performed on the cutting tool surface by utilizing the unique interaction property between femtosecond laser and materials, the operation is simple, and the accuracy can be controlled. The preparation of micro/nano composite texture can be performed on a coated cutting tool by adopting a coated surface direct texturing method or a two step composite texturing method. The method overcomes the defect of singleness of texturing only in micron scale in the conventional cutting tool texturing technology, and can further improve the abrasion resistance of the cutting tool, and prolong the service life of the cutting tool.
Three Dimensional Nepal Earthquake Displacement Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Phase Unwrapping from Sentinel 1A Satellite
Year: 2017

Geophysicists had forewarned for decades that Nepal was exposed to a deadly earthquake, exceptionally despite its geology, urbanization and architecture. Gorkha earthquake is the most horrible natural disaster to crash into Nepal since the 1934 Nepal Bihar earthquake. Gorkha earthquake occurred on April 25, 2015, at 11:56 NST and killed more than 10,000 people and injured more than 23,000 population.  The main objective of this work is to utilize hybrid genetic algorithm for three dimensional phase unwrapping of Nepal earthquake displacement using Sentinel 1A satellite. The three dimensional best path avoiding singularity loops (3DBPASL) algorithm was implemented to perform 3D Sentinel 1A satellite phase unwrapping. The hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) was used to achieve 3DBPASL phase matching. Advancely, the errors in phase decorrelation were reduced by optimization of 3DBPASL using HGA.  The findings indicate a few cm of ground deformation and vertical northern of Kathmandu. Approximately, an area of 12,000 km has been drifted also the northern of Kathmandu. Further, each fringe of colour represents about 2.5 cm of deformation. The large amount of fringes indicates a large deformation pattern with ground motions of 3 m.  In conclusion, HGA can be used to produce accurate 3D quake deformation using Sentinel 1A satellite.
Educating the Invincibles: Strategies for Teaching the Millennial Generation in Law School
Year: 2013

Each new generation of law students presents its own set of challenges for law teachers seeking to develop competent and committed members of the legal profession. This article aims to train legal educators to recognize their students' generational learning style and to deliver a tailored education that supports the development of skilled attorneys. To help legal educators better understand the newest generation of law students, this article explores the traits associated with the Millennial Generation of law students, including their perspective on themselves and others, on education and on work. It then provides detailed and specific strategies for teaching millennial students. Though we developed these strategies in a clinical setting, they apply in both the clinical and classroom setting. As this article demonstrates, if well supported and motivated, the Millennial Generation will include extraordinary attorneys who advance the legal profession to new heights.
SARS CoV 2 pandemic expanding in sub Saharan Africa: Considerations for COVID 19 in people living with HIV
Venue: EClinicalMedicine
Year: 2020

Department of Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA b Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA c Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA d Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa