nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in extreme temperature indices in Huang Huai Hai River Basin of China during 1961 2014
Venue: Theoretical and Applied Climatology
Year: 2017

Spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature extremes have been investigated in Huang Huai Hai (HHH) region based on the daily series of temperature observations from 162 meteorological stations. A total of 11 indices were used to assess the changes of temperature pattern. Linear trend analyses revealed that the daily maximum temperature (TXx) increased at a 0.05 level with a magnitude of 0.15 degC per decade on the regional scale during the period of 1961 2014. More pronounced warming trend of the daily minimum temperature (TNn) was detected at a rate of 0.49 degC per decade (a 0.01 level) Consequently, a decreasing trend of the temperature range of TXx and TNn (extreme temperature range) was observed. The frequency of hot days (TXf90) and annual average of warm events (warm spell duration indicator, WSDI) showed significant increasing trends, while that of cold nights (TNf10) and cold events (cold spell duration indicator, CSDI) showed opposite behaviors. Both warm winter (W W) and hot summer (H S) series displayed significant increasing trends at a 0.01 confidence level. The cold winter (C W) series showed a decreasing trend at a 0.01 confidence level, while the cool summer (C S) series showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend that is not passing the 90% confidence level (a 0.1) Abrupt increments of warmrelated extremes (TXx, TXf90, WSDI) have been detected since 1990s, and a steadily decreasing trend of cold related extremes (TNf10, CSDI) was found since 1970s. Ten hot summers out of 11 and nine warm winters out of 10 occurred after 1990s. Altitude has a large impact on spatial pattern of extreme temperature indices, and the urban heat island effect also has an impact on amplitude of variation in extreme temperature. Trend magnitudes are significantly larger at sites with high altitudes for warmrelated indices (TXx, TXf90, WSDI) while those involving cold related indices (TNn, TNf10) are remarkably larger for stations with low altitudes.
Sensitive period regulating genetic pathways and exposure to adversity shape risk for depression
Venue: medRxiv
Year: 2021

Animal and human studies have documented the existence of developmental windows (or sensitive periods) when experience can have lasting effects in shaping brain structure or function, behavior, and disease risk. Sensitive periods for depression likely arise through a complex interplay of genes and experience, though this possibility has not been explored. We examined the effect of sensitive period regulating genetic pathways identified in preclinical animal studies, alone and in interaction with socioeconomic disadvantage, a common childhood adversity, on depression risk. Using a translational approach, we: (1) performed gene set association analyses using summary data from a genome wide association study of depression (n=807,553) to assess the effects of three gene sets (60 genes) shown in animal studies to regulate sensitive periods; (2) evaluated the developmental expression patterns of these sensitive period regulating genes using data from BrainSpan (n=31) a transcriptional atlas of postmortem brain samples; and (3) tested gene by development interplay by analyzing the combined effect of common variants in sensitive period genes and timing of exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage within a population based birth cohort (n=6254) The gene set regulating sensitive period opening associated with increased depression risk. Notably, six of the 15 genes in this set showed developmentally regulated gene level expression. A genome wide polygenic risk score by environment analysis showed socioeconomic disadvantage during ages 1 5 years were independently associated with depression risk, but no gene by development interactions were found. Genes involved in regulating sensitive periods may be implicated in depression vulnerability and differentially expressed across the life course, though larger studies are needed to identify developmental interplays.
Public Lands Are Essential to Public Health During a Pandemic
Venue: Pediatrics
Year: 2020

COVID 19 coronavirus disease 2019 In the face of the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) epidemic, on March 16, 2020, health officers from 7 San Francisco Bay Area health counties were among the first in the nation to issue orders for residents to shelter in place. The orders were intended to protect public health while allowing residents to engage in "essential activities." Recognizing the health importance of exercise and time in nature, 1 of 5 essential activities allowed was "to engage in outdoor recreation activity," including "walking, hiking, biking and running outdoors," if one kept a distance from others. The weekend after these orders, warm weather inspired large numbers of residents to leave their homes for parks, creating crowds in which it was not possible to socially distance. People who had stayed at home expressed anger that park goers endangered the collective  As a consequence, 2 of the health officers were compelled to close access to county parks, which were in turn followed by partial and full park closures of many regional, city, and state parks throughout California.2 Closing parks comes at some cost. Spending time in nature has never been more important than in our 21st century industrialized world in which most people spend 90% of their time Address correspondence to Nooshin Razani, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th St, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158.
Natural language programming of industrial robots
Venue: IEEE ISR 2013
Year: 2013

In this paper, we introduce a method to use written natural language instructions to program assembly tasks for industrial robots. In our application, we used a state of the art semantic and syntactic parser together with semantically rich world and skill descriptions to create high level symbolic task sequences. From these sequences, we generated executable code for both virtual and physical robot systems. Our focus lays on the applicability of these methods in an industrial setting with real time constraints.
The Chitosan Implementation into Cotton and Polyester/Cotton Blend Fabrics
Venue: Materials
Year: 2020

Chitosan is an environmentally friendly agent that is used to achieve the antimicrobial properties of textiles. Nowadays, the binding of chitosan to the textiles has been thoroughly researched due to the increasing demands on the stability of achieved properties during the textile care processes. Most crosslinking agents for chitosan are not safe for humans or environment, such as glutaric aldehyde (GA) and formaldehyde derivatives. Eco friendly polycarboxyilic acids (PCAs) are usually used in after treatment. In this work, chitosan powder was dissolved in citric acid with sodium hydrophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst. Standard cotton (CO) and polyester/cotton (PES/CO) fabrics were pretreated in 20% NaOH, similar to mercerization, in order to open the structure of the cotton fibers and hydrolyze polyester fibers, continued by finishing in the gelatin chitosan bath. Afterwards, the hot rinsing process, followed by drying and curing, closed the achieved structure. The main objective was to achieve durable antimicrobial properties to multiple maintenance cycles CO and PES/CO fabric in order to apply it in a hospital environment. The characterization of fabrics was performed after treatment, first and fifth washing cycles according ISO 6330:2012 by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR ATR) electrokinetic analysis (EKA) by the determination of tensile properties and mechanical damage (wear) and the antimicrobial activity. The application of 20% NaOH led to the swelling and mercerization of cotton cellulose, and hydrolysis of polyester, resulting in better mechanical properties. It has been confirmed that the chitosan particles were well implemented into the cotton fiber and onto to the polyester component of PES/CO blend. The presence of chitosan was confirmed after five washing cycles, but in lower quantity. However, achieved antimicrobial activity is persistent.
A Novel Scene of Viral Marketing for Complementary Products
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems
Year: 2019

Viral marketing, the method of using a small set of users in social networks to propagate products through cascades, is a well known and extreme research problem in recent years. Then, influence maximization (IM) is formulated, which aims to select the most influential seeds to maximize the expected total adoption eventually. IM expresses viral marketing perfectly. However, almost all prior work focused on cardinality constraint or considers only simple comparative products model. They neglected that composite complementary products (CCP) are widespread. In other words, when a customer adopts products <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$A$ /tex math>/inline formula> and <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$B$ /tex math>/inline formula> at the same time, it is possible for him to adopt product <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> Therefore, we design a multi layer network model under independent cascade (IC) model to adapt to multiple complementary products and define the seed selection problem for complementary products model [IM for complementary products (IMCP) and CCP model (IMCCP) under knapsack constraint. Here, the seed for different products has a different cost. In this paper, we propose two efficient techniques to solve IMCP problem, called Greedy and general TIM. The Greedy uses simple Greedy Hill Climbing algorithm under knapsack constraint and obtain <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"{1}{2}(1 {1}{e} /tex math>/inline formula> approximation, but the time complexity is hard to accept. The second algorithm, general TIM, forms a weighted set cover problem by means of randomized sampling (close to Greedy in practice) which reduces the time consuming significantly. For IMCCP problem, it is difficult to handle because no ready made algorithms exist to optimize a function that is nonsubmodular and nonsupermodular. Then, we need to get help from sandwich method by finding an upper and lower bound. Finally, our algorithms are evaluated on several real data sets, which prove the correctness of our algorithms.
Estatuto juridico del profesional de la informacion: los colegios profesionales de periodistas
Year: 2011

El trabajo de los periodistas tiene unas exigencias academicas y profesionales cada vez mas definidas y consensuadas, sin embargo carece de un marco legal adecuado para hacerlas cumplir. La ausencia de un estatuto profesional bien definido va en detrimento de la independencia de los periodistas, de la calidad de los contenidos informativos, y como consecuencia, de la capacidad de participar en los asuntos publicos. Por eso la regulacion de su ejercicio se debe entender como proteccion del derecho fundamental que todos tenemos a recibir una informacion veraz, y no como limite al ejercicio de la libertad de expresion. El interes publico en el ejercicio profesional de la actividad informativa justifica la consideracion del periodismo como profesion regulada. El estatuto juridico de los periodistas profesionales debe recoger de modo adecuado las peculiaridades en el ejercicio de algunos derechos y en cumplimiento de ciertas obligaciones especificas de su trabajo. Entre los derechos, la preferencia en el acceso a la informacion cuando esta se encuentra restringida, la proteccion de su propiedad intelectual (en sus vertientes patrimonial y moral) las formas de agrupacion profesional especificas como los comites de redaccion, y la aplicacion de la clausula de conciencia y del secreto profesional con la maxima eficacia y seguridad juridica. En cuanto a los deberes estaria el de la formacion adecuada a su responsabilidad profesional, el respeto a los datos personales, al secreto de sumario y a las materias clasificadas, el deber de diligencia expresado en los canones de profesionalidad informativa que concreta los conceptos constitucionales de veracidad y relevancia publica, y el respeto a los demas derechos, en especial al honor, la intimidad personal y familiar y la imagen, y la proteccion de la juventud y de la infancia. Entre las formulas de regulacion del periodismo, se encuentra la constitucion de colegios profesionales. Se trata de una figura de derecho publico cuya aplicacion garantiza la adecuada preparacion academica y profesional y la exigencia de un comportamiento deontologico supervisado por los propios profesionales. El proceso de constitucion de los colegios profesionales de periodistas en Espana contribuye a definir el estatuto juridico del informador profesional. Sin embargo, en su aprobacion se debe tener en cuenta las previsiones del Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior, y coordinar mejor las distintas iniciativas autonomicas.
Measurements of Dielectric Parameters of Aviation Fuel at X Band Frequencies Using Cavity Perturbation Technique
Year: 2016

Real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity of Aviation Turbine Kerosine (Hydro fined) JetA 1 and Aviation Turbine Kerosine (Copper Sweetened) JetA 1 are measured over the wide frequency range 8 12 GHz using X band rectangular cavity resonator. The measurement technique uses the cavity perturbation technique. The fuel sample is filled in thin capillary tube of low loss material. It is then inserted through a sample hole at the centre of the broader side of the waveguide cavity resonator. The sample shifts the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency and shift in resonance frequency are measured using PNA Network Analyzer (AT E8362C) Validity of present measurement technique has been checked by measuring the dielectric properties of well known dielectric materials (Plexiglas) Due to lack of experimental data in literature on dielectric parameters of Aviation fuels, it would be of great interest for the community to find its dielectric properties over wider frequency range. In addition the estimation of measurement error associated with this technique is also discussed.
Evaluacion del impacto ambiental potencial generado en la produccion de carne de pollo mediante la metodologia de analisis ciclo de vida "ACV" por atributos de la puerta a la puerta
Year: 2018

El presente trabajo consiste en implementar la metodologia de analisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) segun la tipologia por atributos al proceso general avicola (Transporte, de huevo fertil desde la granja de ponedoras, Incubadora, Transporte de pollo vivo a granja de engorde, granja de levante, transporte de pollo hacia la Planta de Beneficio, planta de beneficio junto con planta de agua residual y distribucion) de la compania Avidesa Mac Pollo S.A. El proposito del analisis ACV se basa en identificar, clasificar y evaluar los impactos ambientales potenciales (IAP) generados en las diferentes operaciones unitarias que integran el ciclo de vida del proceso de produccion de carne de pollo en Santander, Colombia. En la construccion del estudio se utilizaran datos provenientes de la industria avicola de caracter confidencial; inventarios de estudios previos de industria (impactos ambientales generados por el consumo de energia electrica proveniente de una hidroelectrica e impactos asociados a la combustion de diesel) y de literatura (emisiones asociadas a la generacion de estiercol de pollo) y calculos directos obtenidos de la herramienta de evaluacion (software SIMAPRO 7.1, version disponible) segun el metodo de evaluacion EDIP 2003. La unidad funcional de la produccion fue 1 tonelada de carne de pollo. El consumo del flujo de masa y energia se cuantificara en una base de calculo de 1 hora (masa en tonelada, energia en MJ) El alcance del ACV contemplara la evaluacion de los IAP de la puerta a la puerta, considerando las etapas del ciclo productivo avicola: transporte (huevos fertiles, aves a granja de engorde, pollo a planta de beneficio y pollo de consumo final) fertilizacion de huevo (incubacion) produccion de pollo de engorde (crecimiento del ave) y la produccion de carne de ave (planta de beneficio) El estudio considerara los impactos asociados al consumo de materias primas tales como: agua, energia electrica, gas natural, insumos quimicos (aditivos, floculadores, desinfectantes, etc. y la disposicion final residuos (liquidos, solidos y gaseosos) Es importante mencionar que no se tuvo en cuenta el efecto que tienen los bienes de capital (Maquinaria, equipos de procesamiento, operacion y transporte y edificaciones) para las etapas de los procesos mencionados. Finalmente se menciona que se realizo un diagnostico del estado y funcionamiento actual de la empresa y una descripcion concisa de los subprocesos que integran el proceso de produccion, que permitiran la identificacion de aspectos e impactos ambientales. Ademas de ello, se implementara la metodologia ACV tomando como referencia las Normas Tecnicas Colombianas (NTC ISO 14040 y NTC ISO 14044) que establecen los criterios para la identificacion y creacion del inventario ambiental, el analisis e interpretacion de resultados, todo con la ayuda de la herramienta software SimaPro 7.1. Del analisis obtenido se plantearan alternativas de mejora del proceso objeto de estudio.
Longitudinal motion control of supercavitating vehicles using the robust pole assignment method
Year: 2009

Owing to the existence of planing forces and cavitation,modeling and control problems for supercavitating vehicles are very complicated.A model predigestion process would produce some modeling errors,while using the robust pole assignment method to control the supercavitating vehicle can overcome this defect efficiently.The authors analysed the hydrodynamic characteristics of supercavitating vehicles,focusing on analysis and integration of the dynamics of planing forces.A dynamic model of a supercavitating vehicle was then built in the longitudinal plane.Finally a controller was designed using the robust pole assignment method.Simulation results showed that the control system is both robust and stable.Moreover,when the control efficiency of various control variables was compared,it became clear that a cavitator allows better control than fins.
More than Human Sacrifice: Teaching about the Aztecs in the New Latino South
Year: 2017

This essay details an extended lesson I created to teach about Aztec/Mexica resistance to Spanish conquest in a sixth grade classroom within the context of the New Latino South. Rather than concentrate on the familiar tropes of human sacrifice and European exploration, I centered Aztec/Mexica philosophy, arts, and resistance in order to disrupt majoritarian narratives reified in Social Studies courses. Decentering and complicating the dominant narrative about Aztec/Mexica culture is one way educators can challenge dominant, and negative, discourse about burgeoning Latinx communities. I argue that in order for schools to help remedy deficit perspectives of Latinx people, especially in newer receiver contexts like the South(east) educators must be willing to find ways to explicitly teach against such narratives.
International Security Standards11The author of this chapter is Colin Braziel FRSA, FSyI, RISC.
Year: 2016

The aim of international security standards is to provide uniform standards for the global security industry, and is the topic of this chapter. A standard is defined as a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines, or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose. Internationally recognized standards help to raise levels of quality, safety, reliability, efficiency, and interchangeability. The chapter then introduces the International Standards Organization (ISO) its history and its purpose, and more specifically the ISO 27000 series of standards. Other standards organizations are mentioned, such as the European Standardization Organizations, various national standards bodies, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) among others.
Retinal Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for Detecting Insulin Resistance Related Cognitive Impairment in Morbid Obesity
Venue: Journal of clinical medicine
Year: 2019

There is clear association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive decline. Retinal microperimetry is a useful tool for detecting cognitive impairment in T2D. Morbid obesity (MO) has been associated with cognitive impairment. Insulin resistance (IR) seems a major determinant, but the data are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive impairment in MO as well as the utility of retinal microperimetry in identifying these alterations.  In total, 50 consecutive patients with MO were matched by age and gender with 30 healthy controls. All patients underwent cognitive evaluation (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test MoCA) and retinal microperimetry, using MAIA microperimeter 3rd generation. Retinal sensitivity and gaze fixation parameters were used for the evaluation of the analysis.  MO patients showed a significantly lower neurocognitive performance than the controls: MoCA score 24.94 2.74 vs. 28.95 1.05, p 0.001. Cognitive function inversely correlated with the HOMA IR (r 0.402, p 0.007) The AUROC for cognitive impairment using microperimetry was 0.807, CI 95% (0.592 0.947) p 0.017.  (1) Systemic insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism accounting for the higher prevalence of cognitive impairment detected in young MO subjects. (2) Retinal microperimetry is a useful tool for identifying MO patients with cognitive impairment.
Emergent Systematic Generalization in a Situated Agent
Venue: ICLR 2020
Year: 2019

The question of whether deep neural networks are good at generalising beyond their immediate training experience is of critical importance for learning based approaches to AI. Here, we demonstrate strong emergent systematic generalisation in a neural network agent and isolate the factors that support this ability. In environments ranging from a grid world to a rich interactive 3D Unity room, we show that an agent can correctly exploit the compositional nature of a symbolic language to interpret never seen before instructions. We observe this capacity not only when instructions refer to object properties (colors and shapes) but also verb like motor skills (lifting and putting) and abstract modifying operations (negation) We identify three factors that can contribute to this facility for systematic generalisation: (a) the number of object/word experiences in the training set; (b) the invariances afforded by a first person, egocentric perspective; and (c) the variety of visual input experienced by an agent that perceives the world actively over time. Thus, while neural nets trained in idealised or reduced situations may fail to exhibit a compositional or systematic understanding of their experience, this competence can readily emerge when, like human learners, they have access to many examples of richly varying, multi modal observations as they learn.