nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity Expansion Pathways for a Wind and Solar Based Power Supply and the Impact of Advanced Technology A Case Study for Germany
Year: 2019

Wind and solar PV have become the lowest cost renewable alternatives and are expected to dominate the power supply matrix in many countries worldwide. However, wind and solar are inherently variable renewable energy sources (vRES) and their characteristics pose new challenges for power systems and for the transition to a renewable energy based power supply. Using new options for the integration of high shares of vRES is therefore crucial. In order to assess these options, we model the expansion pathways of wind power and solar photovoltaics (solar PV) capacities and their impact on the renewable share in a case study for Germany. Therefore, a numerical optimization approach is applied on temporally resolved generation and consumption time series data to identify the most efficient and fastest capacity expansion pathways. In addition to conventional layouts of wind and solar PV, our model includes advanced, system friendly technology layouts in combination with electric energy storage from existing pumped hydro storage as promising integration options. The results provide policy makers with useful insights for technology specific capacity expansion as we identified potentials to reduce costs and infrastructural requirements in the form of power grids and electric energy storage, and to accelerate the transition to a fully renewable power sector.
CEO Pension and Selling, General and Administrative Cost Stickiness
Year: 2018

Using CEO pension as inside debt, we show how inside debt affects cost stickiness. Inside debt was recently recognized as debt based compensation that increases managers' risk aversion. More risk adverse managers will reduce cost stickiness if it suits their self interest. We empirically find that inside debt decreases cost stickiness, which implies that cost stickiness is mainly driven by overconfident CEOs' intentions to benefit them. Our results show that inside debt can mitigate the agency problem in cost stickiness.
Patient engagement in hospital health service planning and improvement: a scoping review
Venue: BMJ Open
Year: 2018

Patient engagement (PE) improves patient, organisation and health system outcomes, but most research is based on primary care. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of published empirical research that evaluated PE in hospital health service improvement.   Five databases were searched from 2006 to September 2016. English language studies that evaluated patient or provider beliefs, participation in PE, influencing factors or impact were eligible. Screening and data extraction were done in triplicate. PE characteristics, influencing factors and impact were extracted and summarised.  From a total of 3939 search results, 227 studies emerged as potentially relevant; of these, 217 were not eligible, and 10 studies were included in the review. None evaluated behavioural interventions to promote or support PE. While most studies examined involvement in standing committees or projects, patient input and influence on decisions were minimal. Lack of skill and negative beliefs among providers were PE barriers. PE facilitators included careful selection and joint training of patients and providers, formalising patient roles, informal interaction to build trust, involving patients early in projects, small team size, frequent meetings, active solicitation of patient input in meetings and debriefing after meetings. Asking patients to provide insight into problems rather than solutions and deploying provider champions may enhance patient influence on hospital services.  Given the important role of PE in improving hospital services and the paucity of research on this topic, future research should develop and evaluate behavioural interventions for PE directed at patients and providers informed by the PE barriers and facilitators identified here. Future studies should also assess the impact on various individual and organisational outcomes.
Green building rating systems: Global reviews of practices and research efforts
Year: 2018

During the past two decades, a large number of Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs) have been developed by the countries around the world in order to rate and certify green buildings. The aims of this paper are to review the prevailing GBRSs used worldwide, to identify the major research efforts conducted by the existing GBRS related studies, and to propose the directions for the future GBRS research. To achieve these goals, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, from which 15 prevailing GBRSs were identified. The review reported that the earliest GBRS was launched in the 1990s and then a surge occurred in the 2000s. It also revealed that a large number of particular versions of GBRSs had been created to assess the sustainability of different types of built structures or the projects at different stages. Moreover, the review identified seven essential evaluation criteria that were commonly used by different GBRSs, and found that the most important evaluation criterion was "energy" followed by "site" "indoor environment" "land and outdoor environment" "material" "water" and "innovation." Additionally, this paper revealed the major research efforts conducted by the existing GBRS studies and proposed the directions for the future research as well.
Irok es muvek kozelrol. Tanulmanyok
Year: 2012

Olvasni jo. Vallom ezt annak ellenere, hogy manapsag egyre kevesebben vesznek kezukbe szepirodalmat. Meg szukebb azoknak a kore, akik konyvkritikak, muelemzesek olvasasara adjak a fejuket. A szakmabelieken kivul legfeljebb irodalom szakos bolcseszhallgatok kiserik figyelemmel ezeket az irasokat. Pedig ahhoz, hogy egy irodalmi alkotas rejtett vagy kevesbe rejtett szepsegeit elvezni tudjuk, jo szolgalatot tesznek a muelemzesek. Ha csupan egyetlen regeny behato elemzeset elolvassuk, mas szepirodalmi alkotas megertesehez is kulcsot kaphatunk. Ezert nem tartom feleslegesnek valogatott tanulmanyaimnak kozreadasat. A kotet tobbnyire folyoiratokban es gyujtemenyes kiadvanyokban magyar, illetve francia nyelven megjelent tanulmanyokat tartalmaz. Egyreszt bemutatja a XX. szazadi magyar, francia es svajci irodalom nehany alkotojat, masreszt azok irasait elemzi az osszehasonlito irodalom eszkozeivel. Az utolso fejezet irodalomelmeleti kerdeseket boncol, ramutatva a hagyomanyos es a modern regeny sajatossagaira, a regeny megformalasanak muhelytitkaira.
I CASH: Intelligently Coupled Array of SSD and HDD
Venue: 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Year: 2011

This paper presents a new disk I/O architecture composed of an array of a flash memory SSD (solid state disk) and a hard disk drive (HDD) that are intelligently coupled by a special algorithm. We call this architecture I CASH: Intelligently Coupled Array of SSD and HDD. The SSD stores seldom changed and mostly read reference data blocks whereas the HDD stores a log of deltas between currently accessed I/O blocks and their corresponding reference blocks in the SSD so that random writes are not performed in SSD during online I/O operations. High speed delta compression and similarity detection algorithms are developed to control the pair of SSD and HDD. The idea is to exploit the fast read performance of SSDs and the high speed computation of modern multi core CPUs to replace and substitute, to a great extent, the mechanical operations of HDDs. At the same time, we avoid runtime SSD writes that are slow and wearing. An experimental prototype I CASH has been implemented and is used to evaluate I CASH performance as compared to existing SSD/HDD I/O architectures. Numerical results on standard benchmarks show that I CASH reduces the average I/O response time by an order of magnitude compared to existing disk I/O architectures such as RAID and SSD/HDD storage hierarchy, and provides up to 2.8 speedup over state of the art pure SSD storage. Furthermore, I CASH reduces random writes to SSD implying reduced wearing and prolonged life time of the SSD.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure
Year: 2016

This paper presents the bandwidth enhancement of a Proximity Coupled Feed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using a new Defected Ground Structure an 'inverted SHA' shaped slot on the ground plane of the proximity coupled feed rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The parameters such as Bandwidth, Return loss, VSWR and Radiation efficiency are improved in the proposed antenna than simple proximity coupled feed rectangular Microstrip patch antenna without Defected Ground Structure. A comparison is also shown for the proposed Microstrip patch antenna with the antenna structure without Defected Ground Structure. The proposed antenna resonates in S band at frequency of 2.4 GHz with bandwidth of 180 MHz. A very good return loss of 47.9223 dB is obtained for the Microstrip patch antenna with an 'inverted SHA' shaped Defected Ground Structure. Implementing an 'inverted SHA' shaped defect in the ground plane of the proximity coupled feed rectangular Microstrip patch antenna results in 5.3% improvement in bandwidth with 16.01% reduction in the overall area of the ground plane as compared to the Microstrip patch antenna without Defected Ground Structure.  PDF
Gate Fringe Induced Barrier Lowering in Underlap FinFET Structures and Its Optimization
Venue: IEEE Electron Device Letters
Year: 2008

The difficulty to fabricate and control precisely defined doping profiles in the source/drain underlap regions of FinFETs necessitates the use of undoped gate underlap regions as the technology scales down. We present a phenomenon called the gate fringe induced barrier lowering (GFIBL) in FinFETs with undoped underlap regions. In these FinFETs, we show that the GFIBL can be effectively used to improve Ion. We propose the use of high kappa spacers in such FinFETs to enhance the effect of GFIBL and thereby achieve better device and circuit performance. When compared with the underlap FinFETs with Si3N4 spacers, with kappa=20 spacers, we show that it is possible to achieve an 80% increase in Ion at iso Ioff conditions and a 15% decrease in the inverter delay for a fan out of four.
The role of perceived air pollution and health risk perception in health symptoms and disease: a population based study combined with modelled levels of PM10
Venue: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Year: 2018

PurposeAdverse health impact of air pollution on health may not only be associated with the level of exposure, but rather mediated by perception of the pollution and by top down processing (e.g. beliefs of the exposure being hazardous) especially in areas with relatively low levels of pollutants. The aim of this study was to test a model that describes interrelations between air pollution (particles 10 \upmu $mm, PM10) perceived pollution, health risk perception, health symptoms and diseases.MethodsA population based questionnaire study was conducted among 1000 Estonian residents (sample was stratified by age, sex, and geographical location) about health risk perception and coping. The PM10 levels were modelled in 1 x 1 km grids using a Eulerian air quality dispersion model. Respondents were ascribed their annual mean PM10 exposure according to their home address. Path analysis was performed to test the validity of the model.ResultsThe data refute the model proposing that exposure level significantly influences symptoms and disease. Instead, the perceived exposure influences symptoms and the effect of perceived exposure on disease is mediated by health risk perception. This relationship is more pronounced in large cities compared to smaller towns or rural areas.ConclusionsPerceived pollution and health risk perception, in particular in large cities, play important roles in understanding and predicting environmentally induced symptoms and diseases at relatively low levels of air pollution.
The MapReduce based approach to improve the shortest path computation in large scale road networks: the case of A* algorithm
Venue: Journal of Big Data
Year: 2018

This paper deals with an efficient parallel and distributed framework for intensive computation with A* algorithm based on MapReduce concept. The A* algorithm is one of the most popular graph traversal algorithm used in route guidance. It requires exponential time computation and very costly hardware to compute the shortest path on large scale networks. Thus, it is necessary to reduce the time complexity while exploiting a low cost commodity hardwares. To cope with this situation, we propose a novel approach that reduces the A* algorithm into a set of Map and Reduce tasks for running the path computation on Hadoop MapReduce framework. An application on real road networks illustrates the feasibility and reliability of the proposed framework. The experiments performed on a 6 node Hadoop cluster proves that the proposed approach outperforms A* algorithm and achieves significant gain in terms of computation time.
A 1/2inch 48M All PDAF CMOS Image Sensor Using 0.8um Quad Bayer Coding 2x2OCL with 1.0lux Minimum AF Illuminance Level
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)
Year: 2019

Currently, there are two coding trends in mobile image sensors: Quad Bayer coding (QBC) and dual photodiode (DPD) QBC realizes high resolution and high dynamic range (HDR) whereas DPD achieves high phase detection auto focus (PDAF) performance. We propose a QBC with 2x2 on chip lens (2x2OCL) architecture as a potential next generation high performance CMOS image sensor. This combines high resolution, HDR, and high PDAF performance in one sensor. The critical issues of 2x2OCL are degradation of the resolution due to the sensitivity difference between 4 pixels under the same color filter and increasing the crosstalk among different colors. To overcome these issues, the OCL and pixel isolation shapes were optimized respectively. The world`s first image sensor using 2x2OCL architecture we prepared in this paper, has 1/2 inch 48M pixels with 0.8um QBC for high resolution, and all pixel PDAF achieved a minimum AF illuminance level of 1 lux.
An incremental frequent structure mining framework for real time alert correlation
Venue: Comput. Secur.
Year: 2009

With the large volume of alerts produced by low level detectors, management of intrusion alerts is becoming more challenging. Manual analysis of a large number of raw alerts is both time consuming and labor intensive. Alert Correlation addresses this issue by finding similarity and causality relationships between raw alerts to provide a condensed, yet more meaningful view of the network from the intrusion standpoint. While some efforts have been made in the literature by researchers to find the relationships between alerts automatically, not much attention has been given to the issue of real time correlation of alerts. Previous learning based approaches either fail to cope with a large number of generated alerts in a large scale network or do not address the problem of concept drift directly. In this paper, we propose a framework for real time alert correlation which incorporates novel techniques for aggregating alerts into structured patterns and incremental mining of frequent structured patterns. Our approach to aggregation provides a reduced view of developed patterns of alerts. At the core of the proposed framework is a new algorithm (FSP_Growth) for mining frequent patterns of alerts considering their structures. In the proposed framework, time sensitive statistical relationships between alerts are maintained in an efficient data structure and are updated incrementally to reflect the latest trends of patterns. The results of experiments conducted with the DARPA 2000 dataset as well as artificial data clearly demonstrate the efficiency of proposed techniques. A promising reduction ratio of 96% is achieved on the DARPA 2000 dataset. The running time of the FSP_Growth algorithm scales linearly with the size of artificial datasets. Moreover, testing the proposed framework with alert logs of a real world network shows its ability to extract interesting patterns among the alerts. The ability to answer useful time sensitive queries regarding pattern co occurrences is another advantage of the proposed method compared to other approaches.
Is there antibody dependent enhancement in SARS Coronavirus 2?
Venue: Journal of family medicine and primary care
Year: 2020

When a virus enters the host, several types of antibodies are formed. Some of these antibodies are neutralising, which hinders the replication of the virus by inhibiting essential steps such as the interaction of the virus with the host cell receptor. In some viruses, such as flaviviruses, enhancing antibodies are being described, which may facilitate the entry of the virus into the host cells. This immune mediated enhancement of entry and pathogenesis is termed as ADE.[1] ADE can be mediated by Fc receptors or complement receptors.[1] Besides, ADE has been associated with increased severity. Such an effect has been well characterised with dengue, where antibody to one serotype enhances the severity of infection due to another serotype.
Trends in stage at diagnosis for young breast cancer patients in the United States
Venue: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
Year: 2018

PurposePrevious studies reported increasing rates of metastatic breast cancer among young US women. However, these studies were based on limited geographic areas and did not account for the sharp decline in unknown stage disease. In this study, we examined trends in early onset breast cancer incidence rates by stage at diagnosis in a national dataset, after correcting for temporal changes in unstaged disease.MethodsUsing data from 42 states, covering 82% of the US population, we examined trends in incidence rates by stage at diagnosis and race/ethnicity in women ages 20 39 years. Stage was imputed for non Hispanic (NH) white and NH black cases with missing information by distributing cases proportionally according to survival statistics.ResultsDuring 2001 2015, incidence rates of early onset metastatic breast cancer increased sharply among NH white, NH black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women. Increasing trends were also observed for local stage disease (all racial/ethnic groups) and regional stage disease (NH white and API) In contrast, rates decreased sharply for unstaged disease among all groups. After imputing stage for cases with missing information, the increasing trends for regional and distant stage disease in NH whites and local stage disease in NH blacks were no longer statistically significant, but the increase in distant stage disease in NH blacks was unchanged.ConclusionsAfter accounting for the sharp decline in unstaged cases, the increase in incidence rates for distant stage disease became non significant in NH whites but not in NH blacks. Future studies should consider accounting for temporal changes in unstaged disease when examining stage specific incidence trends.
Size effect in January and cultural influences in an emerging stock market: The perspective of behavioral finance
Year: 2011

This study aims to explain the size effect in January with the utilization of some theoretical arguments drawn from behavioral finance, such as mental accounting and house money, in a Chinese culture oriented emerging stock market. Under Chinese tradition, employees are rewarded with a generous bonus before Lunar New Year, most often paid in January. This gain, analogous to the concept of house money, enhances the propensity to bear increased levels of risk, which in turn stimulates the demand for higher risk securities, particularly in a market that is mainly dominated by individual investors, as in Taiwan. The empirical results are consistent with our culture bonus hypothesis, that only small firms with higher risk in the Taiwanese stock market exhibit the apparent size effect in January, especially for the years when the bonus payments were in January and when the whole market had positive performance growth in the preceding year.
Coda: Decentralized Cryptocurrency at Scale
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2020

We introduce the notion of a succinct blockchain, a replicated state machine in which each state transition (block) can be efficiently verified in constant time regardless of the number of prior transitions in the system. Traditional blockchains require verification time linear in the number of transitions. We show how to construct a succinct blockchain using recursively composed succinct non interactive arguments of knowledge (SNARKs) Finally, we instantiate this construction to implement Coda, a payment system (cryptocurrency) using a succinct blockchain. Coda offers payment functionality similar to Bitcoin, with a dramatically faster verification time of 200ms making it practical for lightweight clients and mobile devices to perform full verification of the system's history.
Diclofenac use and cardiovascular risks: series of nationwide cohort studies
Venue: British Medical Journal
Year: 2018

To examine the cardiovascular risks of diclofenac initiation compared with initiation of other traditional non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, initiation of paracetamol, and no initiation.  Participants Individuals eligible for inclusion were all adults without malignancy; schizophrenia; dementia; or cardiovascular, kidney, liver, or ulcer diseases (that is, with low baseline risk) The study included 1 370 832 diclofenac initiators, 3 878 454 ibuprofen initiators, 291 490 naproxen initiators, 764 781 healthcare seeking paracetamol initiators matched by propensity score, and 1 303 209 healthcare seeking non initiators also matched by propensity score.  Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute the intention to treat hazard ratio (as a measure of the incidence rate ratio) of major adverse cardiovascular events within 30 days of initiation.  The adverse event rate among diclofenac initiators increased by 50% compared with non initiators (incidence rate ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 1.7) 20% compared with paracetamol or ibuprofen initiators (both 1.2, 1.1 to 1.3) and 30% compared with naproxen initiators (1.3, 1.1 to 1.5) The event rate for diclofenac initiators increased for each component of the combined endpoint (1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) for atrial fibrillation/flutter, 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) for ischaemic stroke, 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) for heart failure, 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) for myocardial infarction, and 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) for cardiac death) as well as for low doses of diclofenac, compared with non initiators. Although the relative risk of major adverse cardiovascular events was highest in individuals with low or moderate baseline risk (that is, diabetes mellitus) the absolute risk was highest in individuals with high baseline risk (that is, previous myocardial infarction or heart failure) Diclofenac initiation also increased the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at 30 days, by approximately 4.5 fold compared with no initiation, 2.5 fold compared with initiation of ibuprofen or paracetamol, and to a similar extent as naproxen initiation.  Diclofenac poses a cardiovascular health risk compared with non use, paracetamol use, and use of other traditional non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.