nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technology for resource recovery from wastewater: A review.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2019

Water resources are becoming scarce meaning that reuse options are receiving more and more attention. In this perspective, zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is considered as an emerging technique to minimize waste, recover resources, treat toxic industrial waste streams, and mitigate potential water quality impacts in receiving water streams. Although ZLD systems are capable of minimizing contamination of water sources and amplifying water supply, its industrial scale applications are restricted due to their high cost and intensive energy consumption. In ZLD systems, membrane based technologies are an attractive future strategy for industrial wastewater reclamation. Therefore, this review examines why a greater focus on environmental protection and water security is leading to more widespread adoption of ZLD technology in various industries. We highlight existing ZLD processing schemes, including thermal and membrane based processes, and discuss their limitations and potential solutions. We also investigated global application of ZLD systems for resource recovery from wastewater. Finally, we discuss the potential environmental impacts of ZLD technologies and provide some focus on future research needs.
Digitalization of Banks: an evidence from India
Year: 2020

Financial institutions are seeking to increase their knowledge in relation to technological innovation, both through partnerships with tech companies and by investing in or acquiring such companies. Despite this, there are wide differences in the preparedness of market participants for these changes in practice. While such innovation facilitates the entrance of new users to the financial system, it may also move the provision of some payment services to non banking companies that are not regulated as financial entities. There are a number of web based and mobile based payment applications that primarily focus on the customer experience and often aim to better integrate payment transactions within the commerce value chain. These service providers usually do not offer banking services other than payments, and they normally do not apply for banking licenses. The modern world in which we are living is dominated by the concept called "Digitalization" The government of India recently announced Digital India Programme with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The concept of digitalization has been playing major role in all sectors of the economy and banking sector is not exception to it. Digitalization has become decisive for Indian Banking sector, which plays major role in furthering financial inclusion and which is mainly concerned with providing better services to customers along with an opportunity to gain more in near future. Indian banking sector is achieving tremendous growth in recent years, encouraging higher amount of capital formation, which is because of digitalization of banking. Even though Indian banking sector is moving towards digitalization, there are various issues and challenges to be addressed, especially in rural banking. This conceptual research paper is an attempt made to analyze the issues and challenges in the area of Digitalization of Rural Banking and to gain a new perspective in that area.
Expected impact of school closure and telework to mitigate COVID 19 epidemic in France
Year: 2020

1 INSERM, Sorbonne Universite, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France 2 Sociology and Economics of Networks and Services lab at Orange Experience Design Lab (SENSE/XDLab) Chatillion, Paris, France 3 I BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium 4 Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID) Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Empirical Relationships between Problematic Alcohol Use and a Problematic Use of Video Games, Social Media and the Internet and Their Associations to Mental Health in Adolescence
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
Year: 2020

Adolescents frequently show risky behavior, and these problematic behavior patterns often do not occur in isolation, but together. Problematic alcohol use is widespread among youth, as is problematic use of the Internet and of specific online applications (video games or social media) However, there is still a lack of findings for minors regarding the relations between these behavioral patterns (particularly between problematic alcohol use and problematic gaming or problematic social media use) Standardized instruments were used to survey problematic alcohol use, problematic gaming, problematic social media use, problematic Internet use and mental health among 633 adolescents (mean age: 15.79 years) Bivariate correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. The correlation analyses showed statistically significant positive bivariate relationships between all four behavioral patterns each. Antisocial behavior was related to all problematic behavioral patterns. Whereas, emotional distress, self esteem problems and hyperactivity/inattention were associated with substance unrelated problematic behavior patterns only. Anger control problems were related to problematic alcohol use and problematic gaming. In adolescence, the findings revealed small effect sizes between substance related and substance unrelated problematic behavior patterns, but moderate to large effect sizes within substance unrelated behavioral patterns. Similarities and differences were found in the relations between the behavioral patterns and mental health.
Forest and biodiversity conservation in ancient Indian culture: A review based on old texts and archaeological evidences
Year: 2014

In the early periods of human history, environment strongly determined the lives and activities of the people. They were very much close to forest and natural resources as we find in historical documents. Ancient Indian texts like Arthasastra, Sathapatha Bhramanas, Vedas, Manusmrti, BrhatSamhita, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Rajtarangini reflected the concepts of forest ecology and conservation in a sustainable manner. In the Indus valley civilization, several characteristics of the city planning and social structure showed environmental awareness. The presence of leaves, wild animals like peacocks and one horned deer, tigers, elephants, bulls in the seals and the mud pots can indicate the pattern of biodiversity in those areas. Reduction of forests in that area was due to use of huge amount of timber wood for burning bricks. So rainfall reduced and soil erosion caused deposition of silt in the Indus River which had choked off Mohenjodaro from the sea, causing a rise in the water table that must have been a prime factor in the destruction of Mohenjodaro. The sacred groves (Tapovana) of India were rich in biodiversity and ecological wealth, which was also mentioned in many ancient Indian documents like Abhigyan Shakuntalam written by Kalidasa. They are small packets of forests dedicated to local deities. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna compares the world to a single banyan tree with unlimited branches in which all the species of animals, humans and demigods wander, which reflects the concept of community ecology. The trees like Banyan and Peepal were often referred in historical background (widely protected in Asia and Africa) are keystone resources. In modern age, there are many policies developing in many countries for forest and biodiversity conservation, but they are all directly or indirectly influenced by the traditional knowledge developed in the ancient India.
Impact of Foliar with Nano silica in Mitigation of Salt Stress on Some Soil Properties, Crop Water Productivity and Anatomical Structure of Maize and Faba Bean
Year: 2018

IMPROVING soil productivity, enhancing nutrition use efficiency, and protecting plants from environmental stress, can be ascertained by nanofertilizers. Lysimeter experiments were conducted at Sakha Agriculture Research Station Farm during two successive summer 2017 and winter 2018 growing seasons to study the effect of foliar application with different concentrations with nano silica and different salinity of irrigation water on some soil properties and productivity of maize and faba bean plants. For soil properties, results showed that there are no variations between soil salinity and foliar application with different concentrations with nano silica. But, there is a remarkable variation in mean of soil salinity between irrigation with fresh water and blended with well water treatments, which T4 (1.36 dS m 1) recorded 4.32 and 4.47 dS m 1, compared with T2 (2.45 dS m 1) recorded 5.07 and 5.28 dS m 1, at 0 20 cm depth for maize and faba bean plants, respectively. Also, the mean values of Exchangeable sodium percent after harvesting of maize was 12.55, 14.97, 14.72 and 13.85 with different irrigation water treatments T1 (0.51 dS m 1) T2 (2.45 dS m 1) T3 (1.84 dS m 1) and T4 (1.36 dS m 1) respectively, at 0 20 cm depth. The same trend was exhibited by faba bean plants. Anatomical structure in roots of maize and faba bean plants recorded increment (22.75% and 15.54% with 300 mg L 1 nano Si more than the control. Also, all of the anatomical characters of roots were decreased by increasing of the salinity irrigation water and recorded lowest values up to T2 (2.45 dS m 1) and without nano Si. Treatment T2 showed a significant reduction in grain yield (39.28 and 80.13 and in straw yield (38.84 and 78.06% for maize and faba bean plants, respectively, in comparison with the control treatment, T1. On the other hand, T4 recorded the highest values 4.22 and 5.32 Mg Fed. 1 in grain and straw yield of maize plants and 1.74 and 1.84 Mg fed 1 in grain and straw yield of faba bean plants, respectively, under foliar application with 300 mg L 1 of nano silica compared with other concentrations. The same trend was observed in chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of maize and faba bean. Based on these results, foliar application with 300 mg L 1 of nano silica is the proper concentration to mitigate the salt stress for maize and faba bean plants.
Wholesale Price Discrimination: Innovation Incentives and Upstream Competition
Year: 2018

In intermediate good markets where there are alternative supply sources, wholesale price discrimination may enhance innovation incentives downstream. We consider a vertical chain where a dominant firm and a competitive fringe supply imperfect substitutes to duopoly retailers which carry both varieties. We show that a ban on price discrimination by the dominant supplier makes uniform pricing credible and reduces retailers&#8217; incentives to decrease the cost of acquiring the competitively supplied variety, leading to higher upstream profits and lower downstream welfare. Our analysis complements existing results by identifying a novel channel through which wholesale price discrimination can improve dynamic market efficiency.
Fundamentals of Mechanical Design and Analysis for AM Fabricated Parts
Year: 2017

Manufacturing (AM) technologies are an exciting area of the modern industrial revolution and have applications in instrumentation, engineering, medicine, electronics, aerospace industry, and other fields. They include stereolithography, electrolytic deposition, thermal and laser based 3D printing, 3D IC fabrication technologies, etc. and are booming nowadays owing to their ability to fabricate products with unique characteristics that cannot be made with traditional fabrication techniques. AM enables cost effective production of customized geometry and parts by direct fabrication from 3D data and mathematical models. However, to further the progress in the emerging area and empower scientists, engineers, and designers to fully implement the novel processes' capabilities, there is a need for a systematic study of mechanical design and analysis for AM technologies. Despite much progress in the area of AM technologies, problems of mechanical design and analysis for AM fabricated parts yet remain to be solved. So far, three main problems can be isolated: (i) the onset of residual stresses, which inevitably occur in the manufacturing process and can lead to failure of the parts, (ii) the distortion of the final shape of AM fabricated parts, and (iii) the development of technical and technological solutions aimed at improving existing AM technologies and creating new ones. This paper deals with an approach to modeling surface growth processes in solids.
A novel approach for panel data: An ensemble of weighted functional margin SVM models
Venue: Inf. Sci.
Year: 2021

Ensemble machine learning methods are frequently used for classification problems and it is known that they may boost the prediction accuracy. Support Vector Machines are widely used as base classifiers during the construction of different types of ensembles. In this study, we have constructed a weighted functional margin classifier ensemble on panel financial ratios to discriminate between solid and unhealthy banks for Turkish commercial bank case. We proposed a novel ensemble generation method enhanced by a pruning strategy to increase the prediction performance and developed a novel aggregation approach for ensemble learning by using the idea of weighted sums. The prediction performances are compared with a panel logistic regression which is considered a benchmark method for panel data. The results show that the proposed ensemble method is more successful than the straight SVM and the classical generalized linear model approach.
Image Descriptors for Weakly Annotated Histopathological Breast Cancer Data
Venue: Frontiers in Digital Health
Year: 2020

Cancerous Tissue Recognition (CTR) methodologies are continuously integrating advancements at the forefront of machine learning and computer vision, providing a variety of inference schemes for histopathological data. Histopathological data, in most cases, come in the form of high resolution images, and thus methodologies operating at the patch level are more computationally attractive. Such methodologies capitalize on pixel level annotations (tissue delineations) from expert pathologists, which are then used to derive labels at the patch level. In this work, we envision a digital connected health system that augments the capabilities of the clinicians by providing powerful feature descriptors that may describe malignant regions.  We start with a patch level descriptor, termed Covariance Kernel Descriptor (CKD) capable of compactly describing tissue architectures associated with carcinomas. To leverage the recognition capability of the CKDs to larger slide regions, we resort to a multiple instance learning framework. In that direction, we derive the Weakly Annotated Image Descriptor (WAID) as the parameters of classifier decision boundaries in a Multiple Instance Learning framework. The WAID is computed on bags of patches corresponding to larger image regions for which binary labels (malignant vs. benign) are provided, thus obviating the necessity for tissue delineations.  The CKD was seen to outperform all the considered descriptors, reaching classification accuracy (ACC) of 92.83% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98. The CKD captures higher order correlations between features and was shown to achieve superior performance against a large collection of computer vision features on a private breast cancer dataset. The WAID outperform all other descriptors on the Breast Cancer Histopathological database (BreakHis) where correctly classified malignant (CCM) instances reached 91.27 and 92.00% at the patient and image level, respectively, without resorting to a deep learning scheme achieves state of the art performance.  Our proposed derivation of the CKD and WAID can help medical experts accomplish their work accurately and faster than the current state of the art.
Syringe injectable electronics.
Venue: Nature nanotechnology
Year: 2015

Seamless and minimally invasive three dimensional interpenetration of electronics within artificial or natural structures could allow for continuous monitoring and manipulation of their properties. Flexible electronics provide a means for conforming electronics to non planar surfaces, yet targeted delivery of flexible electronics to internal regions remains difficult. Here, we overcome this challenge by demonstrating the syringe injection (and subsequent unfolding) of sub micrometre thick, centimetre scale macroporous mesh electronics through needles with a diameter as small as 100 mm. Our results show that electronic components can be injected into man made and biological cavities, as well as dense gels and tissue, with >90% device yield. We demonstrate several applications of syringe injectable electronics as a general approach for interpenetrating flexible electronics with three dimensional structures, including (1) monitoring internal mechanical strains in polymer cavities, (2) tight integration and low chronic immunoreactivity with several distinct regions of the brain, and (3) in vivo multiplexed neural recording. Moreover, syringe injection enables the delivery of flexible electronics through a rigid shell, the delivery of large volume flexible electronics that can fill internal cavities, and co injection of electronics with other materials into host structures, opening up unique applications for flexible electronics.
Covalent hyaluronic based coating of magnetite nanoparticles: Preparation, physicochemical and biological characterization.
Venue: Materials science engineering. C, Materials for biological applications
Year: 2020

In this paper we report about the preparation, physicochemical and biological characterization of a magneto responsive nanostructured material based on magnetite nanoparticles (NP) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) A synthetic approach, based on a Cu(I) catalyzed azide alkyne 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition "click" reaction between azido functionalized magnetite NP and a derivative of hyaluronic acid bearing propargylated ferulic acid groups (HA FA Pg) was developed to link covalently the polymer layer to the magnetite NP. The functionalization steps of the magnetite NP and their coating with the HA FA Pg layer were monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) while Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and z potential measurements were performed to characterize the aqueous dispersions of the HA coated magnetite NP. Aggregation and sedimentation processes were investigated also by UV visible spectroscopy and the dispersions of HA coated magnetite NP were found significantly more stable than those of bare NP. Magnetization and zero field cooled/field cooled curves revealed that both bare and HA coated magnetite NP are superparamagnetic at room temperature. Moreover, cytotoxicity studies showed that the coating with HA FA Pg significantly reduces the cytotoxicity of the magnetite NP providing the rational basis for the application of the HA coated magnetite NP as healthcare material.
Speciation et mobilite du selenium present dans les sols a l'etat de traces contribution aux previsions a long terme Selenium speciation and mobility at trace level in soils contribution to long term risk assessment
Year: 2012

Les analyses de surete du stockage des dechets radioactifs HAVL necessite une evaluation a long terme 10 000 ans) des risques, pour l'homme et l'environnement, associes a une contamination des sols par le selenium. Une methodologie a donc ete developpee pour determiner les especes seleniees (speciation) presentes a l'etat de traces dans les sols (mg kg 1 contexte radiologique) et estimer, leur capacite a etre lessivees et leurs phases de retention. Combinee a l'utilisation du traceur 77Se(IV) l'existence de processus lents impliques dans la retention et la transformation chimique de Se dans les sols a ete mise en evidence, suggerant l'etude de Se natif pour estimer et modeliser sa mobilite a long terme. L'investigation de Se natif dans 29 sols aux caracteristiques contrastees a montre l'influence de la matiere organique sur la nature des especes susceptibles d'etre lessivees (organique et colloidale) et sur sa mobilite (stabilisation de Se dans la phase solide via les associations organo minerales)%A radioactive isotope of selenium was shown to be among the most critical radionuclide forsafety assessment of high level and long lived nuclear waste repository in case of hypotheticalsoil contamination. A methodology was thus developed to determine Se species (speciation)present in soils at trace level (mg kg 1; radiological context) in assessing their leaching andretention phases (distribution) Combined to a 77Se(IV) tracer, kinetically limited processes were shown to be involved in Se retention and chemical transformations in soils, suggesting that native Se behavior is particularly relevant for its long term mobility assessment and modeling. The investigation of native Se speciation and distribution in 29 soils has finally highlighted that soil organic matter impact the nature of Se species susceptible to be leached (organic and colloidal compounds) and the Se mobility (Se stabilization in solid phase via organo mineral associations)
Studies on nitrogenase activity of diazotrophic isolates from different rice production systems
Year: 2016

The present study was carried out to evaluate the nitrogen fixing ability of diazotrophs isolated from the rhizosphere soils of rice which were grown in three different rice growing systems. A total of hundred and ten isolates obtained were subjected to Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) and ninety eight isolates recorded significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 185.73 to 3794.55 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein 1 h 1. The highest nitrogenase activity was recorded by Derxia (3794.55 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein 1 h 1) isolated from Trichy (lowland) Among the three different rice production systems, isolates obtained from lowland rice (Derxia aEUR" 3794.5 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein 1 h 1) recorded higher nitrogenase activity followed by Aerobic (Pseudomonas 2194.89 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein 1 h 1) and SRI (Azotobacter 1971.85 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein 1 h 1) rice isolates. The results revealed marked variation in the ARA of the diazotrophic isolates obtained from lowland, SRI and Aerobic rice. The nitrogenase activity of diazotrophs from rice fields have been reported earlier but the nitrogenase activity of diazotrophs from three different rice production systems from various parts of Tamil Nadu is reported for the first time from India.
Learning user interaction models for predicting web search result preferences
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 2006

Evaluating user preferences of web search results is crucial for search engine development, deployment, and maintenance. We present a real world study of modeling the behavior of web search users to predict web search result preferences. Accurate modeling and interpretation of user behavior has important applications to ranking, click spam detection, web search personalization, and other tasks. Our key insight to improving robustness of interpreting implicit feedback is to model query dependent deviations from the expected "noisy" user behavior. We show that our model of clickthrough interpretation improves prediction accuracy over state of the art clickthrough methods. We generalize our approach to model user behavior beyond clickthrough, which results in higher preference prediction accuracy than models based on clickthrough information alone. We report results of a large scale experimental evaluation that show substantial improvements over published implicit feedback interpretation methods.