nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Using touchscreen equipped operant chambers to study animal cognition. Benefits, limitations, and advice
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2021

Operant chambers are small enclosures used to test animal behavior and cognition. While traditionally reliant on simple technologies for presenting stimuli (e.g. lights and sounds) and recording responses made to basic manipulanda (e.g. levers and buttons) an increasing number of researchers are beginning to use Touchscreen equipped Operant Chambers (TOCs) These TOCs have obvious advantages, namely by allowing researchers to present a near infinite number of visual stimuli as well as increased flexibility in the types of responses that can be made and recorded. We trained wild caught adult and juvenile great tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus) to complete experiments using a TOC. We learned much from these efforts, and outline the advantages and disadvantages of our protocols. Our training data are summarized to quantify the variables that might influence participation and success, and we discuss important modifications to facilitate animal engagement and participation in various tasks. Finally, we provide a "training guide" for creating experiments using PsychoPy, a free and open source software that was incredibly useful during these endeavors. This article, therefore, should serve as a resource to those interested in switching to or maintaining a TOC, or who similarly wish to use a TOC to test the cognitive abilities of non model species or wild caught individuals.
Study of fin tunnel FETs with doped pocket as capacitor less 1T DRAM
Venue: 2014 SOI 3D Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference (S3S)
Year: 2014

In this work we propose and validate by experimentally calibrated simulations a silicon Tunnel FET(TFET) based capacitorless DRAM cell, implemented as a fully depleted FinFET with CMOS compatible process. The devices have a conventional FinFET structure except for a p+ (for n type TFET) doped pocket of length LPKT and doping NPKT between the intrinsic channel and the (n+ drain. This doped pocket creates a necessary condition to store holes injected from the source to body junction. In  there was a need to induce a potential well in order to store the excess charges; whereas in the present case a potential well is permanently present due to the doped pocket. The drain voltage is used as a control voltage to either fill the potential well with carriers (WRITE "1" by attracting holes from the p+ source or repel them to empty the well of carriers (WRITE "0" In contrast with the SOI Z RAM(r) there is no need of impact ionization to create/inject the hole charge in the device body, the holes being injected by the forward bias p+i junction, which significantly improves the device reliability. Measurements on FDSOI TFET devices as reported in  were performed at elevated temperatures and used to calibrate the non local band to band (B2B) tunnelling model in Sentaurus TCAD  The retention characteristics of the proposed memory cell is simulated at an elevated temperature of 85degC and is shown to be not degrading at higher temperature as is the case in conventional capacitorless DRAMs
Recent Advances in Inhibitors of Flavivirus NS 2 BNS 3 Protease from Dengue Zika and West Nile Viruses
Year: 2018

Zoonotic viruses can be transmitted to humans by hematophagous insects, such as mosquitoes, biting midges, ticks, sand flies and thus they are called arthropod borne viruses. Normally, flaviviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes from the Aedes genus, representing a significant health problem worldwide the development of small molecules targeting the NS2B NS3 protease is extremely important in order to identify new anti flaviviral agents, considering that it is an essential enzyme involved in the viral replication process. In this chapter, the flavivirus cycle of infection, morphological aspects, and the catalytic mechanism of proteolytic activity of NS2B NS3 protease will be discussed. Additionally, all recent advances in the drug development against Dengue (DENV) Zika (ZIKV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses will be deeply addressed. Furthermore, these will be classified into categories and individually analyzed.
Brain Score: Which Artificial Neural Network for Object Recognition is most Brain Like?
Year: 2018

The internal representations of early deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) were found to be remarkably similar to the internal neural representations measured experimentally in the primate brain. Here we ask, as deep ANNs have continued to evolve, are they becoming more or less brain like? ANNs that are most functionally similar to the brain will contain mechanisms that are most like those used by the brain. We therefore developed Brain Score a composite of multiple neural and behavioral benchmarks that score any ANN on how similar it is to the brain's mechanisms for core object recognition and we deployed it to evaluate a wide range of state of the art deep ANNs. Using this scoring system, we here report that: (1) DenseNet 169, CORnet S and ResNet 101 are the most brain like ANNs. There remains considerable variability in neural and behavioral responses that is not predicted by any ANN, suggesting that no ANN model has yet captured all the relevant mechanisms. (3) Extending prior work, we found that gains in ANN ImageNet performance led to gains on Brain Score. However, correlation weakened at 70% top 1 ImageNet performance, suggesting that additional guidance from neuroscience is needed to make further advances in capturing brain mechanisms. (4) We uncovered smaller (i.e. less complex) ANNs that are more brain like than many of the best performing ImageNet models, which suggests the opportunity to simplify ANNs to better understand the ventral stream. The scoring system used here is far from complete. However, we propose that evaluating and tracking model benchmark correspondences through a Brain Score that is regularly updated with new brain data is an exciting opportunity: experimental benchmarks can be used to guide machine network evolution, and machine networks are mechanistic hypotheses of the brain's network and thus drive next experiments. To facilitate both of these, we release Brain Score.org: a platform that hosts the neural and behavioral benchmarks, where ANNs for visual processing can be submitted to receive a Brain Score and their rank relative to other models, and where new experimental data can be naturally incorporated.
The Dawn for a New Antitrust Law Framework for Digital Platforms, Evidence from an Empirical Comparative Analysis of EU Antitrust Decisions
Year: 2020

Digital platforms are a unique creation of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The digital economy may have replaced the industrial economy, but the rules created to oversee the fair operation of the industrial economy have not kept pace with that evolution. The digitalization of the economy with consumer data as a new critical resource is an advancement of a technological revolution which needs an adaptation of regulatory framework for markets and the world economy. This paper analyzed the privacy and data protection concerns in the digital economy from an economic perspective of small and medium sized enterprises. The tech giants, by controlling user's data are exploiting it for their own commercial benefits and inflicting the threats to the privacy of users. This paper intends to shed light that it's not enough to look for policy solutions only within the competition or data protection law. Rather an integrated move from various regulatory perspectives is necessary. Therefore, the article focuses that the formalistic approach to article 101 and 102 of TFEU (Treaty On The Functioning OF The European Union which the EU Commission usually adopted as an effects based approach) to counter exploitative, exclusionary practices, and potential harm to consumers is efficacious to regulate the digital platforms. Furthermore, this research presses the necessity of how the abusive conduct of data driven entrants be regularized by forwarding the new concepts of antitrust law and its effective enforcement across the globe. The digital platforms have fundamentally changed the ways we interact with news, with each other, and with governments and business. Digital platforms act as intermediaries which connect two or more market participants via the platform and simplify their interaction.
The impact of technical failures during cultivation of an inclusion body process
Venue: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering
Year: 2019

In biotechnological processes, technical failures in the upstream process often lead to batch loss. It is of great interest to investigate the empirical impact of technical failures to understand and mitigate their impact accurately and reduce economic damage. We investigated the impact in the upstream and downstream of a recombinant antibody fragment inclusion body production process chain to provide integrated empirical data and knowledge. First, we provided a reproducible process chain that yielded high inclusion body content, high specific product titer, and a refolding yield of 30% The inclusion body downstream proved to be of high reproducibility. Through the intended introduction of technical failures, we were not only able to shed more light on the empirical responses in the upstream and downstream, but also on process boosting parameters that would have been neglected. Herein, a short increase in temperature during the cultivation clearly increased the refolding yield.
An interactive and augmented learning concept for orientation week in higher education
Venue: International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
Year: 2018

This paper details the concept development process for an interactive and augmented reality based application that compensates for attending Orientation Week at a higher education institution. The application will help freshmen learn about the institution's environment and campus, degree program, and course curriculum before school starts. For efficiency and to elicit high emotional engagement, various pedagogical and technological approaches are used for presenting the content, such as gamification and augmented reality. Awareness of their future learning environment, study path, and course details helps students reduce their fear of failure, and this, in turn, prevents educational withdrawal. In addition to raising awareness, the interactive augmented learning for orientation application saves educational institutions significant time and resources by preparing new students for their educational journey on their personal mobile devices. The contribution of this paper is both for academicians and practitioners regarding the process for developing an innovative concept.
Detecting spatio temporal and typological changes in land use from Landsat image time series
Year: 2017

With the development of earth observation technology, the spatial and temporal resolution of remote sensing images have improved dramatically, providing abundant data for detecting land use change in detail. However, extracting spatio temporal and typological changes in land use from remote sensing image time series is still challenging. Landsat image time series and land survey data are combined to develop a method to detect in detail the time and types of land use change. From the Landsat images, the time series of normalized difference vegetation index variation slope (TSNVS) on each pixel was constructed. The average TSNVS of sample pixels was used as the reference series. Based on TSNVS, the change in land use at six time points (S1 to S6) was detected by measuring the similarity of the time series on undetermined pixels and reference series. Land survey data were used to identify detailed types of land use change. The 16 different types of land use change were identified. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective at detecting spatio temporal and typological changes in land use from Landsat image time series. After verification, the overall accuracy was 92% and the kappa coefficient was 0.9.
The genome of C57BL/6J "Eve" the mother of the laboratory mouse genome reference strain
Year: 2019

Isogenic laboratory mouse strains are used to enhance reproducibility as individuals within a strain are essentially genetically identical. For the most widely used isogenic strain, C57BL/6, there is also a wealth of genetic, phenotypic, and genomic data, including one of the highest quality reference genomes (GRCm38.p6) However, laboratory mouse strains are living reagents and hence genetic drift occurs and is an unavoidable source of accumulating genetic variability that can have an impact on reproducibility over time. Nearly 20 years after the first release of the mouse reference genome, individuals from the strain it represents (C57BL/6J) are at least 26 inbreeding generations removed from the individuals used to generate the mouse reference genome. Moreover, C57BL/6J is now maintained through the periodic reintroduction of mice from cryopreserved embryo stocks that are derived from a single breeder pair, aptly named C57BL/6J Adam and Eve. To more accurately represent the genome of today's C57BL/6J mice, we have generated a de novo assembly of the C57BL/6J Eve genome (B6Eve) using high coverage, long read sequencing, optical mapping, and short read data. Using these data, we addressed recurring variants observed in previous mouse studies. We have also identified structural variations that impact coding sequences, closed gaps in the mouse reference assembly, some of which are in genes, and we have identified previously unannotated coding sequences through long read sequencing of cDNAs. This B6Eve assembly explains discrepant observations that have been associated with GRCm38 based analyses, and has provided data towards a reference genome that is more representative of the C57BL/6J mice that are in use today.
Suction Prevention and Physiologic Control of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices Using Intrinsic Pump Parameters
Venue: ASAIO journal
Year: 2015

The risk for left ventricular (LV) suction during left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) support has been a clinical concern. Current development efforts suggest LVAD suction prevention and physiologic control algorithms may require chronic implantation of pressure or flow sensors, which can be unreliable because of baseline drift and short lifespan. To overcome this limitation, we designed a sensorless suction prevention and physiologic control (eSPPC) algorithm that only requires LVAD intrinsic parameters (pump speed and power) Two gain scheduled, proportional integral controllers maintain a differential pump speed &Dgr;RPM) above a user defined threshold to prevent LV suction while maintaining an average reference differential pressure &Dgr;P) between the LV and aorta. &Dgr;RPM is calculated from noisy pump speed measurements that are low pass filtered, and &Dgr;P is estimated using an extended Kalman filter. Efficacy and robustness of the eSPPC algorithm were evaluated in silico during simulated rest and exercise test conditions for 1) excessive &Dgr;P setpoint (ES) 2) rapid eightfold increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and 3) ES and PVR. Simulated hemodynamic waveforms (LV pressure and volume; aortic pressure and flow) using only intrinsic pump parameters showed the feasibility of our proposed eSPPC algorithm in preventing LV suction for all test conditions.
Traditional and augmented reality mirror therapy for patients with chronic phantom limb pain (PACT study) results of a three group, multicentre single blind randomized controlled trial
Venue: Clinical rehabilitation
Year: 2018

To compare the effects of traditional mirror therapy (MT) a patient centred teletreatment (PACT) and sensomotor exercises without a mirror on phantom limb pain (PLP) Design: Three arm multicentre randomized controlled trial.  Rehabilitation centres, hospital and private practices.  Adult patients with unilateral lower limb amputation and average PLP intensity of at least 3 on the 0 10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)  Subjects randomly received either four weeks of traditional MT followed by a teletreatment using augmented reality MT, traditional MT followed by self delivered MT or sensomotor exercises of the intact limb without a mirror followed by self delivered exercises.  Intensity, frequency and duration of PLP and patient reported outcomes assessing limitations in daily life at baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks and 6 months.  In total, 75 patients received traditional MT (n 25) teletreatment (n 26) or sensomotor exercises (n 24) Mean (SD) age was 61.1 (14.2) years and mean (SD) pain intensity was 5.7 (2.1) on the NRS. Effects of MT at four weeks on PLP were not significant. MT significantly reduced the duration of PLP at six months compared to the teletreatment (P 0.050) and control group (P 0.019) Subgroup analyses suggested significant effects on PLP in women, patients with telescoping and patients with a motor component in PLP. The teletreatment had no additional effects compared to self delivered MT at 10 weeks and 6 months.  Traditional MT over four weeks was not more effective than sensomotor exercises without a mirror in reducing PLP, although significant effects were suggested in some subgroups.
Behavior, remediation effect and toxicity of nanomaterials in water environments.
Venue: Environmental research
Year: 2019

In recent years, nanotechnology has been developing continuously. Due to their advantageous huge specific surface areas, microinterface characteristics, remediation ability and potential environmental risks, nanomaterials have become a hot topic in the field of environmental research. With the mass production and use of nanomaterials, they will inevitably be discharged or leaked into the water environment. In this paper, we will describe some typical nanomaterials, such as nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) graphene nanomaterials (GNMs) TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) ZnO NPs, Fe3O4 NPs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Ag NPs, and other nanomaterials in water environments, focusing on the positive and negative effects of some nanomaterials in water environments. The remediation function and the impact of nanomaterials in water environments, including behavior of nanomaterials and their toxicity to aquatic organisms will be discussed. This will be of great significance for our subsequent research on nanomaterials.
Performance analysis of frequency domain based feature extraction techniques for facial expression recognition
Venue: 2017 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science Engineering Confluence
Year: 2017

Facial Expression Recognition is a vital topic for research in current scenario which has many applications as machine based HR interviews and human machine interaction. Facial Expression recognition is applied for identification of person using face of a person. Researchers have proposed many research techniques for facial expression recognition but still accuracy, illumination and occlusion are the research issues which have to improve.  Research issue of facial expression is improving the accuracy of system which is measured in term of recognition rate. Feature extraction is the main stage on which accuracy depends for facial expression recognition. In this paper we have analyzed different feature extraction technique in frequency domain as Discrete Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform feature extraction technique, Gabor filter and different feature reduction technique developed so far and future aspects.
Microstructure and performance of functionally graded Ti(C,N) based cermets prepared by double glow plasma carburization
Year: 2014

based cermets were subject to double glow plasma carburization which substantially improved the surface hardness. The microstructures were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X ray analysis (EDX) It was found that the double glow plasma carburization introduced a graded surface zone enriched in carbonitride phase and deficient in binder phase. The microstructure of the surface zone of the carburized cermet was different from that of the as sintered cermets. Besides the carbonitride grains with typical core rim structure, the amount of smaller grains without obvious rim phase increased greatly, and some carbonitride grains adjoined and congregated with each other. The formation of the graded layer was due to the high carbon activity in the surface region during carburization, which caused the titanium, molybdenum and tungsten to transport outwards and forced the nickel to transfer inwards. After double glow plasma carburization, the surface hardness was increased greatly and the hardness distribution along the depth was in accord with the binder distribution.
Multi UAVs trajectory and mission cooperative planning based on the Markov model
Venue: Phys. Commun.
Year: 2019

As the environment of the battlefield is increasingly complex, single UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has trouble in carrying out missions, which requires the cooperation of multiple UAVs. However, search space is very large and search targets are distributed sparsely, and making mission planning and route planning simultaneously is also an NP (Non Deterministic Polynomial Problems) problem, which makes it extremely difficult in mission planning. Recently, meta heuristic search algorithms widely used in multi UAVs collaborative mission planning are difficult to find reliable initial solutions and limit the convergence speed. Aiming at this problem, to take plenty of constraints and performance planning targets in multi UAV cooperative mission planning problems into full consideration. This paper proposes a two layer mission planning model based on the simulated annealing algorithm and tabu search algorithm, which solves multi objectives, Multi aircraft mission planning problems. This paper combined the five state Markov chain model with the mission planning model to determine the optimal mission planning scheme by judging the survival state probability of the flight platform. Finally, the simulation results show that this method can greatly improve the survivability of the drone while ensuring optimal mission planning.