nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Panbio antigen rapid test is reliable to diagnose SARS CoV 2 infection in the first 7 days after the onset of symptoms
Venue: Journal of Clinical Virology
Year: 2020

qPCR is the current recommended laboratory method to diagnose SARS CoV 2 acute infection, several factors such as requirement of special equipment, time consuming, high cost and skilled staff limit the use of these techniques. A more rapid and high throughput method is essential.  We analyzed clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples, collected during September 2020, from patients attended at the emergency department of a secondary hospital and in two primary healthcare centers in Madrid. The performance of the Panbio(tm) COVID 19 AG Rapid Test Device for the detection of SARS CoV 2 antigen was compared to RT qPCR.  255 nasopharyngeal swabs, including 150 from the emergency department and 105 from primary helthcare centers, were tested. 184 patients were symptomatic (72.1 Amongst the 60 positive RT qPCR samples, 40 were detected by the rapid antigen test, given an overall sensitivity of 73.3 All the samples detected positive with the rapid antigen test were also positive with RT qPCR. The median cycle threshold was 23.28 (IQR 18.5 30.16) Patients with less than seven days onset of symptoms showed a higher viral load, and sensitivity for rapid antigen test (86.5 compared to those with more days (sensitivity of 53.8 (p 0.004)  The rapid antigen test evaluated in this study showed a high sensitivity and specificity in samples obtained during the first week of symptoms and with high viral loads. This assay seems to be an effective strategy for controlling the COVID 19 pandemic for the rapid identification and isolation of SARS CoV 2 infected patients.
Impact of Micro Finance on Women Empowerment
Year: 2020

Development and growth of any economy is linked to socio economic empowerment of its population. Microfinance today is a widely accepted tool for poverty alleviation and socio economic empowerment of its beneficiaries. The beneficiaries being largely women, the empowerment of women through microfinance is a widely studied and debated issue. This paper reviews the literature on the role of microfinance on women empowerment in India Especially at Coimbatore District. A Self prepared questionnaire is administered to collect the data in the district of Salem, Tamil Nadu. A cross sectional quasi experimental design is used for the study. Data is collected through non probability convenience sampling method and the sampling unit is household of the Joint Liability Group member. Sample size selected is 112 members. An attempt has been made to study the self perception of empowerment by the microfinance beneficiaries in the district of Salem.
Bicameralism as a Form of Government (Or: Why Australia and Japan Do Not Have a Parliamentary System)
Year: 2014

The article analyses a certain type of bicameralism not merely as a form of legislative organisation, but as a form of government as a hybrid between parliamentarism and presidentialism. A new typology of pure and hybrid forms of government is proposed, which classifies bicameralism in Australia and Japan as chamber independent government. This type is systematically compared to other forms of government, including hybrids like semi presidentialism, elected prime ministerial government in Israel (from 1996 to 2002) and assembly independent government in Switzerland. The article highlights how chamber independent government has the potential to combine different visions of democracy without leading to presidentialization of political parties.
Low emission zones reduce PM10 mass concentrations and diesel soot in German cities
Venue: Journal of the Air Waste Management Association
Year: 2014

In many European cities mass concentrations of PM10 (particles less than 10 mm in size) are still exceeding air quality standards as set by the European Commission in 1999. As a consequence, many cities introduced low emission zones (LEZs) to improve air quality and to meet the limit values. In Germany currently 48 LEZs are in operation. By means of dispersion modeling, PM10 concentrations were estimated to decrease up to 10% Analysis of PM10 levels conducted for Cologne, Berlin, and Munich some time after the LEZs were introduced showed reduction of PM10 mass concentration in the estimated range. The PM10 particle fraction is, however, composed of particles with varying toxicity, of which diesel soot is highly health relevant. An evaluation of air quality data conducted in Berlin showed that in 2010 traffic related soot concentrations measured along major roads decreased by 52% compared to 2007. Diesel particle emissions in Berlin were reduced in 2012 by 63% compared to a business as usual scenario (reference year 2007) A strong reduction of the traffic related particle fraction of PM2.5 was also reported for Munich. Therefore, it is likely that the effects of LEZs are considerably more significant to human health than was anticipated when only considering the reduction of PM10 mass concentrations.  The implementation of low emission zones in German cities might result in a reduction of PM10 levels concentrations by up to 10% However, it is difficult to show a reduction of PM10 annual averages in this order of magnitude as meteorology has a large impact on the year to year variation of PM mass concentrations. Monitoring of other PM metrics such as black smoke (BS) or elemental carbon (EC) might be a better strategy for evaluating LEZs effects. The benefit of low emission zones on human health is far greater than is presently visible from routine measurements of PM10.
Travel choice as an interdependent task: social mindfulness and choice architecture in flight booking.
Year: 2016

Travel websites offer unnumbered choices, options and attributes (location, safety, price, time, etc. that fit more or less with consumers' self interests and social motivations. Beyond one's own preference for a destination, travel choice is an interdependent task as one's own choice changes the range of possible outcomes for next consumers who will do the same choice. In this research we explore travel choice (booking a flight) within the social mindfulness (SoMi) paradigm. Social mindfulness is defined as " being thoughtful of others in the present moment, and considering their needs and wishes before making a decision " (Van Lange &Doesum, 2015) Social mindfulness depends on personality, prosocial cultural background, and situational demands. In the present research, we apply social mindfulness to the flight booking domain. We explore three main factors: cognitive control (time pressure) choice architecture (number of options) the value of option (price) and other's attractiveness or hostility.  Participants (93 students) had to simulate book flights. Before their own choice, they were instructed that another consumer will choose just after their own choice. This consumer was presented either attractive or hostile. Participants had to pick up one flight among three vs. four flight options. Only one option (among three or four) was unique (e.g. Paris Madrid, Paris Madrid, Paris Barcelona) The choice of the non unique option operationalized a social mindful choice that allowed a choice for the next consumer. The cost of the flight was manipulated as a function of distance: Half of the flights were short distance flights (low price) and the other half flights were long distance flights (high price) In one case participants were instructed that their response time will be recorded, in another case participants were instructed to make the choice without considering time.  The hostile target was judged less pleasant than the attractive target (manipulation check) The number of non unique (i.e. social mindful) choices remained largely beyond random. A repeated analysis of variance showed that globally an attractive target benefited more of social mindful choices than as an hostile target [e2= .13] specially when price is high (interaction of price and target [e2= .09] A low price induced a more social mindful choice than a high price mainly with a three options choice (interaction between price and number of options [e2= .21] Price was a significant attribute only for a hostile target (interaction between target and price [e2= .09] and a three options choice [interaction between target, price and option [e2=.06] Time pressure increased this effect, and low time pressure increased social mindfulness toward an attractive target for high price and four options choice (interaction between time pressure, number of options, target and price,
Sex dependent effects of nicotine on the developing brain
Venue: Journal of neuroscience research
Year: 2017

The use of tobacco products represents a major public health concern, especially among women. Epidemiological data have consistently demonstrated that women have less success quitting tobacco use and a higher risk for developing tobacco related diseases. The deleterious effects of nicotine are not restricted to adulthood, as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate critical aspects of neural development. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the particular sensitivity of women to develop tobacco dependence have not been well elucidated. In this mini review, we show that gonadal hormone mediated sexual differentiation of the brain may be an important determinant of sex differences in the effects of nicotine. We highlight direct interactions between sex steroid hormones and ligand gated ion channels critical for brain maturation, and discuss the extended and profound sexual differentiation of the brain. We emphasize that nicotine exposure during the perinatal and adolescent periods interferes with normal sexual differentiation and can induce long lasting, sex dependent alterations in neuronal structure, cognitive and executive function, learning and memory, and reward processing. We stress important age and sex differences in nicotine's effects and emphasize the importance of including these factors in preclinical research that models tobacco dependence.
Comprehending and Rehabilitating Roman Catholic Clergy Offenders of Child Sexual Abuse
Venue: Journal of child sexual abuse
Year: 2015

Many have studied Roman Catholic clergy who have sexually abused children, but the range of investigations remains disconnected. This article brings together various disciplinary perspectives to form a comprehensive view. A review of the literature is first undertaken to comprehend how clergy offenders have been conceptualized in psychosocial, sociocultural, and moral religious studies. These perspectives are then used as a foundation for examining how these clergy can be rehabilitated. Three rehabilitative modalities psychological treatment, rehabilitation through restorative justice, and ritual healing are explored. The article concludes with a discussion of the insights gained from the literature review and how the modalities can be advanced in an interdependent and considered approach.
Low shot Learning via Covariance Preserving Adversarial Augmentation Networks
Venue: NeurIPS
Year: 2018

Deep neural networks suffer from over fitting and catastrophic forgetting when trained with small data. One natural remedy for this problem is data augmentation, which has been recently shown to be effective. However, previous works either assume that intra class variances can always be generalized to new classes, or employ naive generation methods to hallucinate finite examples without modeling their latent distributions. In this work, we propose Covariance Preserving Adversarial Augmentation Networks to overcome existing limits of low shot learning. Specifically, a novel Generative Adversarial Network is designed to model the latent distribution of each novel class given its related base counterparts. Since direct estimation of novel classes can be inductively biased, we explicitly preserve covariance information as the `variability' of base examples during the generation process. Empirical results show that our model can generate realistic yet diverse examples, leading to substantial improvements on the ImageNet benchmark over the state of the art.
Dorsal raphe serotonin neurons inhibit operant responding for reward via inputs to the ventral tegmental area but not the nucleus accumbens: evidence from studies combining optogenetic stimulation and serotonin reuptake inhibition
Venue: Neuropsychopharmacology
Year: 2018

The monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine; 5 HT) exerts an inhibitory influence over motivation, but the circuits mediating this are unknown. Here, we used an optogenetic approach to isolate the contribution of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5 HT neurons and 5 HT innervation of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system to motivated behavior in mice. We found that optogenetic stimulation of DRN 5 HT neurons enhanced downstream 5 HT release, but this was not sufficient to inhibit operant responding for saccharin, a measure of motivated behavior. However, combining optogenetic stimulation of DRN 5 HT neurons with a low dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram synergistically reduced operant responding. We then examined whether these effects could be recapitulated if optogenetic stimulation specifically targeted 5 HT terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mesolimbic DA system. Optogenetic stimulation of 5 HT input to the VTA combined with citalopram treatment produced a synergistic decrease in responding for saccharin, resembling the changes produced by targeting 5 HT neurons in the DRN. However, this effect was not observed when optogenetic stimulation targeted 5 HT terminals in the NAc. Taken together, these results suggest that DRN 5 HT neurons exert an inhibitory influence over operant responding for reward through a direct interaction with the mesolimbic DA system at the level of the VTA. These studies support an oppositional interaction between 5 HT and DA systems in controlling motivation and goal directed behavior, and have important implications for the development and refinement of treatment strategies for psychiatric disorders such as depression and addiction.
Singular value decomposition and least squares solutions
Venue: Milestones in Matrix Computation
Year: 2007

Let A be a real mxn matrix with m>=n. It is well known (cf.  that $A U\sum {V^T} (1) where {U^T}U {V^T}V V{V^T} {I_n}\text{ and \sum \text{ diag(\sigma _{\text{1}\text{ \ldots \text{\sigma _n}\text{\text{ The matrix U consists of n orthonormalized eigenvectors associated with the n largest eigenvalues of AA T and the matrix V consists of the orthonormalized eigenvectors of A T A. The diagonal elements of are the non negative square roots of the eigenvalues of A T A; they are called singular values. We shall assume that \sigma _1} \geqq \sigma _2} \geqq \cdots \geqq \sigma _n} \geqq 0. Thus if rank(A)=r, s r+1 s r+2==s n 0. The decomposition (1) is called the singular value decomposition (SVD)
A Performance Evaluation of Correspondence Grouping Methods for 3D Rigid Data Matching
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Year: 2021

Seeking consistent point to point correspondences between 3D rigid data (point clouds, meshes, or depth maps) is a fundamental problem in 3D computer vision. While a number of correspondence selection methods have been proposed in recent years, their advantages and shortcomings remain unclear regarding different applications and perturbations. To fill this gap, this paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of nine state of the art 3D correspondence grouping methods. A good correspondence grouping algorithm is expected to retrieve as many as inliers from initial feature matches, giving a rise in both precision and recall as well as facilitating accurate transformation estimation. Toward this rule, we deploy experiments on three benchmarks with different application contexts, including shape retrieval, 3D object recognition, and point cloud registration. We also investigate various perturbations such as noise, point density variation, clutter, occlusion, partial overlap, different scales of initial correspondences, and different combinations of keypoint detectors and descriptors. The rich variety of application scenarios and nuisances result in different spatial distributions and inlier ratios of initial feature correspondences, thus enabling a thorough evaluation. Based on the outcomes, we give a summary of the traits, merits, and demerits of evaluated approaches and indicate some potential future research directions.
Electrocardiogram Diagnosis Based on SMOTE+ENN and Random Forest
Venue: ICIC
Year: 2019

Many Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification algorithms have been successfully performed on standard dataset. Yet when faced with real world data, due to the issues of imbalanced data distribution, inconsistent data label formats, the performance of these algorithms are not ideal. In this paper, we propose an improved random forest algorithm, in which SMOTE+ENN is used to solve the data imbalance problem, while ECG medical knowledge including MIT BIH arrhythmia database expert annotations are adopted to align and create the real world data label. Experiments on ECG data from both standard dataset and real world dataset of a famous hospital showed the efficacy of the algorithm: the out of bag data (OOB) accuracy rate on the public data from MIT BIH arrhythmia database (MITDB) reached 99.22% and 96.62% on real world data.
Single cell RT LAMP mRNA detection by integrated droplet sorting and merging.
Venue: Lab on a chip
Year: 2019

Recent advances in transcriptomic analysis at single cell resolution reveal cell to cell heterogeneity in a biological sample with unprecedented resolution. Partitioning single cells in individual micro droplets and harvesting each cell's mRNA molecules for next generation sequencing has proven to be an effective method for profiling transcriptomes from a large number of cells at high throughput. However, the assays to recover the full transcriptomes are time consuming in sample preparation and require expensive reagents and sequencing cost. Many biomedical applications, such as pathogen detection, prefer highly sensitive, reliable and low cost detection of selected genes. Here, we present a droplet based microfluidic platform that permits seamless on chip droplet sorting and merging, which enables completing multi step reaction assays within a short time. By sequentially adding lysis buffers and reactant mixtures to micro droplet reactors, we developed a novel workflow of single cell reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (scRT LAMP) to quantify specific mRNA expression levels in different cell types within one hour. Including single cell encapsulation, sorting, lysing, reactant addition, and quantitative mRNA detection, the fully on chip workflow provides a rapid, robust, and high throughput experimental approach for a wide variety of biomedical studies.
APPLICATION OF RUSSIAN NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION AND COREFERENCE RESOLUTION IN THE OIL INDUSTRY
Year: 2018

This paper describes the application of named entity recognition and coreference resolution algorithms in the oil industry. Oil industry researchers and businesses generate large amounts of content every day. Managing them correctly is very important to get the most use of each article and document. Named entity recognition algorithms can automatically scan entire articles and reveal the most significant people, organizations, and places discussed in them, while coreference resolution combines each entity mention into clusters of mentions. Each cluster represents one entity across one document. These methods allow to simplify the analysis of large numbers of documents and articles for researchers, managers, engineers, etc.
xMOF: Executable DSMLs Based on fUML
Venue: SLE
Year: 2013

The basic ingredients of a domain specific modeling language (DSML) are its syntax and semantics. For defining the abstract syntax in terms of metamodels, MOF constitutes a standardized language. For specifying the behavioral semantics, however, no standardized language exists, which hampers the emergence of model execution facilities, such as debugging and simulation support. The contribution of this paper is an integrated approach for specifying the abstract syntax and behavioral semantics of DSMLs based exclusively on standardized modeling languages. In particular, we integrate fUML, a standardized executable subset of UML, with MOF leading to a new metamodeling language xMOF. Moreover, we propose a methodology for developing executable DSMLs fostering the separation of abstract syntax and behavioral semantics. To evaluate our approach, we provide an EMF based implementation and report on lessons learned from performing three case studies in which we implemented executable DSMLs using xMOF.
The relationship between corporate forward looking disclosure and stock return volatility
Year: 2018

The study assesses corporate forward looking disclosure by measuring four attributes, namely disclosure quantity, disclosure coverage, disclosure concentration and disclosure quality, through a sample of 34 listed firms in the Bahrain Bourse from 2014 to 2017. The study also investigates the relationship between these attributes and stock return volatility. Regression analysis has been employed with five different models to examine the relationship between the four attributes of corporate forward looking disclosure and stock return volatility. The main finding of this study agrees with the results of Bravo et al. (2009) who found that the selection of a specific disclosure index could influence crucially the results of the analysis. In addition, stock return volatility has a statistically significant negative association with the three attributes of forward looking disclosure, namely disclosure quantity, disclosure coverage and disclosure quality. In contrast, it has a non significant association with the fourth attribute of forward looking disclosure, disclosure concentration. This study provides a novel contribution to disclosure quality studies by being the first study to examine forward looking disclosure quality attributes in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Gehan A. Mousa (Kingdom of Bahrain) Elsayed A. H. Elamir (Kingdom of Bahrain) BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES LLC "SPS "Business Perspectives" Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10, Sumy, 40022, Ukraine www.businessperspectives.org The relationship between corporate forward looking disclosure and stock return volatility Received on: 18th of May, 2018  2018