nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
PPDsparse: A Parallel Primal Dual Sparse Method for Extreme Classification
Venue: KDD
Year: 2017

Extreme Classification comprises multi class or multi label prediction where there is a large number of classes, and is increasingly relevant to many real world applications such as text and image tagging. In this setting, standard classification methods, with complexity linear in the number of classes, become intractable, while enforcing structural constraints among classes (such as low rank or tree structure) to reduce complexity often sacrifices accuracy for efficiency. The recent PD Sparse method addresses this via an algorithm that is sub linear in the number of variables, by exploiting primal dual sparsity inherent in a specific loss function, namely the max margin loss. In this work, we extend PD Sparse to be efficiently parallelized in large scale distributed settings. By introducing separable loss functions, we can scale out the training, with network communication and space efficiency comparable to those in one versus all approaches while maintaining an overall complexity sub linear in the number of classes. On several large scale benchmarks our proposed method achieves accuracy competitive to the state of the art while reducing the training time from days to tens of minutes compared with existing parallel or sparse methods on a cluster of 100 cores.
Co optimization method to reduce the pattern distortion caused by polarization aberration in anamorphic EUV lithography.
Venue: Applied optics
Year: 2019

Extreme ultraviolet lithography is regarded as the most attractive technology to achieve 7 nm node and below. A new high numerical aperture anamorphic objective lens is designed to extend the single exposure resolution limit. However, the polarization aberrations (PAs) induced by the multilayer coatings on mirrors cause pattern distortions that cannot be neglected. In this paper, a source, mask, and process parameter co optimization method is developed to compensate for the pattern distortions caused by PAs and increase the process window (PW) We first present an asymmetric source represented by the superposition of Zernike polynomials to reduce the pattern placement error (PPE) Then, a weighted cost function that incorporates the influences of PAs is innovated. Finally, a gradient based statistical optimization method is adopted to minimize the cost function by optimizing the lithography system parameters alternately. Simulations at the 7 nm node of the 1D mask pattern indicate that for the system with a PA of marginal field, compared with our earlier work, the critical dimension error and PPE of the proposed method are reduced by 75.0% and 82.4% respectively, and the PW is increased by 97.4%
OC 011 Exhaled volatile organic compound breath analysis in inflammatory bowel disease
Year: 2015

Distinguishing between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is important for determining management and prognosis. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT MS) may be used to analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath: these may be altered in disease states, and distinguishing breath VOC profiles can be identified.1A recent paediatric study used SIFT MS to distinguish IBD patients from healthy controls (HC).2The aim of this pilot study was to identify, quantify and analyse VOCs present in the breath of adult IBD patients and controls, potentially providing insights into disease pathogenesis and complementing current diagnostic algorithms. Table 1 Sensitivity Specificity Q2value CD vs HC 94.4 94.4 0.78 UC vs HC 90.5 94.4 0.66 CD vs UC 88.9 90.0 0.69 Method SIFT MS breath profiling of 56 individuals (20 UC, 18 CD and 18 healthy controls) was undertaken. Multivariate analysis included principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis with orthogonal signal correction (OSC PLS DA) Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for each comparative analysis using statistically significant VOCs.  OSC PLS DA modelling was able to distinguish both CD and UC from healthy controls and from one other with good sensitivity and specificity. ROC analysis using combinations of statistically significant VOCs (dimethyl sulphide, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, butanal and nonanal) gave integrated areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (CD vs HC) 0.74 (UC vs HC) and 0.83 (CD vs UC)  SIFT MS breath profiling was able to distinguish IBD patients from controls, as well as separate UC from CD, using both multivariate and univariate statistical techniques. The specific VOCs characterising the breath in IBD relate to bacterial dysbiosis (sulphur compounds and ammonia) and oxidative stress (aldehydes)3 both mechanisms implicated in disease pathogenesis. Disclosure of interest None Declared. Human exhaled breath analysis.  Metabolomic analysis of breath volatile organic compounds reveals unique breathprints in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study.  2014;40(5):498 507 Bos LD, Sterk PJ, Schultz MJ. Volatile metabolites of pathogens: a systematic review.
Artificial Intelligence Based Path Finding and Decision Making in First Person Shooting Game
Venue: 2019 Third International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC)
Year: 2019

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the essential parts of gaming industry. In this paper, we have examined how Artificial intelligence technology is effectively used to solve the problems that arise while developing a game and integrate new features to the game. In this research paper, two algorithms are examined they are, path finding of the bots and bots decision making. Few AI techniques are discussed in this paper and how these techniques are used to provide solution to the problems that occur in the games. These techniques are also taken into consideration to provide new features into the computer games. This paper aims to discuss on the Finite State Machine and A* methodologies, which helps in the decision making of a bot and also to find the path towards the goal.
Measuring Consumer Acceptance and Willingness To Pay for Specialty Tomatoes: Impact of Product, Taste, and Health Features
Year: 2014

The increasing public health awareness and the promotion given to healthy eating habits as a measure to prevent obesity and chronic diseases have pushed consumer's attention towards differentiated products. Many of the differentiated products, such as those with environmental, local, and other health and quality claims, are categorized as credence goods. Credence attributes, such as nutritional characteristics, are unobserved by consumers even after consumption, making the use of information crucial for marketing the benefits of the products. While there have been numerous studies examining the potential impacts of these attributes on consumer demand, few studies combine consumer valuation of credence attributes with sensory analysis of products and information treatments. This study attempts to shed more light on this area by considering both the impact of various attributes on consumer demand and the consistency in consumer valuation under different information treatments. The information treatments refer to tasting, health information, and the location of origin and production system of the products. Results of nonhypothetical economic experiments show that knowledge of location of origin of tomatoes does have an impact on consumer valuation. The same holds true for the taste attribute (experience) and the health attribute (credence) In particular, results suggest that consumers are willing to pay more for domestic tomatoes than imported tomatoes. Also, consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for locally grown tomatoes and specialty tomatoes increase after the tasting treatment; however, their valuation for organic tomatoes decreases after the tasting treatment. In general, consumers' WTP for tomatoes increases by 4.1% after they receive the health information treatment.
Usability heuristics in the context of control features on mobile games
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICICTM)
Year: 2016

This research is proposing for a new usability heuristics in the context of control features on mobile games for the use of touchscreen devices. Usability is the ease of use and learnability of a human made object while heuristics generic name for a set of techniques that involve inspectors examining the user interface to check whether it complies with a set of design principles. Due to small size and senseless feel of the touchscreens, these conventional usability heuristics is not suitable for use. Some references were made in order to develop a preliminary design for the new usability heuristics. Moreover, the design is based on two references; the Nielsen's Ten Heuristics and the ideas of Mark Overmars on how to design a good iPhone Games. This paper discusses the preliminary design ideas for designing the new usability heuristics for this specific use. Focusing on the control aspects, this preliminary model comprises of eight usability features which will be discussed more briefly in the next part of this paper. The results of this study will provide mobile game designers with a set of usability heuristics (control aspects) as their guidelines for designing and evaluating mobile games.
Comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants: An operational indicator for biodiversity and sustainable development targets
Venue: Ecological Indicators
Year: 2019

Plants are essential sources of food, medicine, shelter, fuel, feed, and forage, and provide a wide range of additional ecosystem and cultural services to humanity. In recognition of the tremendous value of useful plants and of the increasing threats to their persistence, international agreements including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Sustainable Development Goals, and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture have created ambitious conservation targets which must be measured through quantitative indicators so as to facilitate the development and implementation of strategies aimed at safeguarding their genetic diversity. Gaps in the current list of functioning indicators for these targets suggest that the development of effective measurements of the state of conservation of the genetic diversity within useful plants is a major challenge. Here we present a gap analysis indicator methodology that provides a pragmatic estimate of the comprehensiveness of conservation of the genetic diversity within useful wild plants, both ex situ and in situ. The methodology compares the geographic and ecological variation evident from analyses of the 'site of collection' of samples of plant taxa that are safeguarded in genebanks and other living plant repositories, as well as the variation evident in the proportion of species' ranges inhabiting protected areas, against the full range of geographic and ecological variation in their native distributions. The methodology enables a prioritization of species for immediate conservation action, and, when measured periodically, can quantify progress toward comprehensive conservation of these plants at global, regional, and national scales, including determining when that goal has been reached. Assessing almost 7000 taxa with the "Comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants" indicator, we find that they are currently highly under conserved, with less than three out of every 100 taxa assessed as sufficiently conserved or of low priority for further conservation action (overall global indicator 2.78) Indicator results at the national and regional scales as well as by species use type varied, although virtually all countries, regions, and use categories were found to require further conservation action, particularly with regard to ex situ conservation. The results as well as input data and method code are available for indicator reporting and for conservation prioritization setting.
Analisis de riesgo de ser victima de suplantacion de identidad con base a informacion personal expuesta en internet: un caso de estudio sobre personas naturales en Colombia
Year: 2018

Gracias a la rapida expansion de Internet, en la actualidad las personas cuentan con una enorme cantidad de informacion disponible en la red. Dichas fuentes de informacion se alimentan de manera constante con datos que cada individuo carga, publica, almacena en la red de manera consciente o inconsciente. Es aqui donde personas mal intencionadas toman partida y usan esos datos para obtener algun beneficio. Este trabajo busca estimar el grado de exposicion de las personas naturales en Colombia de ser victimas de suplantacion de identidad, con base a la ejecucion de un analisis de riesgo a partir de datos recolectados en Internet; utilizando como fuente numeros de cedula de ciudadania. Tambien se quiere exponer aquellas fuentes de informacion que facilitan en mayor medida la obtencion de datos personales que eventualmente podrian ser utilizados para la ejecucion de suplantacion de identidad.
Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles
Venue: Remote. Sens.
Year: 2019

We revised the calibration of a water vapor Raman lidar by co located radiosoundings for a site in the high European Arctic. For this purpose, we defined robust criteria for a valid calibration. One of these criteria is the logarithm of the water vapor mixing ratio between the sonde and the lidar. With an error analysis, we showed that for our site correlations smaller than 0.95 could be explained neither by noise in the lidar nor by wrong assumptions concerning the aerosol or Rayleigh extinction. However, highly variable correlation coefficients between sonde and consecutive lidar profiles were found, suggesting that small scale variability of the humidity was our largest source of error. Therefore, not all co located radiosoundings are useful for lidar calibration. As we assumed these changes to be non systematic, averaging over several independent measurements increased the calibration's quality. The calibration of the water vapor measurements from the lidar for individual profiles varied by less than 5% The seasonal median, used for calibration in this study, was stable and reliable (confidence 1% for the season with most calibration profiles) Thus, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles from the Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) are very accurate. They show high temporal variability up to 4 km altitude and, therefore, provide additional, independent information to the radiosonde.
Insulin like growth factor 1 stimulation of androgen receptor activity requires b1A integrins
Venue: Journal of cellular physiology
Year: 2012

Despite the findings that b1 integrins play a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, the mechanisms through which they operate and lead to cancer progression remain elusive. Previously, our laboratory has shown that b1A integrins support insulin like growth factor 1 (IGFI) mediated mitogenic and transforming activities. Here, we report that b1A integrins regulate basal levels of IGF IR, although they are not critical for maintaining cancer cell morphology. Upon transfection of b1A siRNA and consequent downregulation of IGF IR, we show inhibition of anchorage independent growth of prostate cancer cells, a function which is dependent on IGF IR expression. In addition, we demonstrate that IGFI mediated activation of androgen receptor (AR) known to occur in prostate cancer cells, requires expression of b1A integrins as evaluated by luciferase reporter assays and immunoblotting analysis. Since b1A integrin levels are increased by R1881 or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) our results imply that b1A integrins support an androgen enhanced feedback loop that regulates the expression of IGF IR. b1A integrins also regulate inducible levels of IGF IR in cells stimulated by androgen or by a combination of androgen and IGFI, as evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and immunoblotting. Furthermore, upon transfection of b1A siRNA and consequent downregulation of IGF IR, neither activation of AKT, an effector of IGF IR, nor AR levels are affected. We conclude that b1A integrin expression is critical for maintaining the regulatory crosstalk between IGF IR and AR.  2012.
Effect of Brand Image and Promotion on the Decision to Use Shipping Services from PT Pos Indonesia, Medan Kesawan Branch with Trust as an Intervening Variable
Year: 2020

In the era of globalization, business competition in the shipping service sector has increased significantly. This is influenced by the increasing needs of the community, and also influenced by the development of online shops or e commerce that use goods delivery services. North Sumatra is one of the developing provinces in Indonesia, with the development of North Sumatra Province, goods delivery services have become a promising business area. PT Pos Indonesia is a state owned company engaged in postal services. PT Pos Indonesia is very helpful in various needs, for example for the delivery of raw materials for processed food from Medan to several cities in Java. This situation also shows that the growth of online shops in Medan is experiencing good development because online stores are the biggest contributor to the running of the delivery service business. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of brand image and promotion on the decision to use shipping services from PT Pos Indonesia, Medan Kesawan Branch with trust as an intervening variable. The population in this study are all customers who have used PT Pos Indonesia, Medan Kesawan Branch and the number of population is unknown, therefore the determination of the sample using the Malhotra formula as many as 115 customer respondents who have used the services of PT Pos Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using PLS SEM. The results showed that brand image, promotion and trust directly had a positive and significant effect on the decision to use shipping services, then indirectly brand image and promotion had a positive and significant effect on the decision to use shipping services through trust.
Migration from RDBMS to Column Oriented NoSQL: Lessons Learned and Open Problems
Year: 2018

Migration from RDBMS to NoSQL has become an important topic in a big data era. This paper provides a comprehensive study on important issues in the migration from RDBMS to NoSQL. We discuss the challenges faced in translating SQL queries; the effect of denormalization, secondary indexes, and join algorithms; and open problems. We focus on a column oriented NoSQL, HBase, because it is widely used by many Internet enterprises such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Because HBase does not support SQL, we use Apache Phoenix as an SQL layer on top of HBase. Experimental results using TPC H show that column level denormalization with atomicity significantly improves query performance, the use of secondary indexes on foreign keys is not as effective as in RDBMSs, and the query optimizer of Phoenix is not very sophisticated. Important open problems are supporting complex SQL queries, automatic index selection, and optimizing SQL queries for NoSQL.
Digital Literacy Learning in Higher Education through Digital Storytelling Approach.
Year: 2017

It is necessary to develop digital literacy skills with which students can communicate and express their ideas effectively using digital media. The educational sectors around the world are beginning to incorporate digital literacy into the curriculum. Digital storytelling, one of the possible classroom activities, is an approach which may help engage and motivate students to learn digital literacy skills. To investigate this approach, the present small scale study employs the methods including interviewing and analysing the artefacts of three students selected from a purposive sample on a multimedia course. The findings indicate that the three students have improved in terms of three aspects of digital literacy skills, namely, digital competence, digital usage and digital transformation regardless of their prior knowledge and levels of digital literacy.
Lipophilic Triphenylphosphonium Cations Inhibit Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain and Induce Mitochondrial Proton Leak
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2015

The lipophilic positively charged moiety of triphenylphosphonium (TPP+ has been used to target a range of biologically active compounds including antioxidants, spin traps and other probes into mitochondria. The moiety itself, while often considered biologically inert, appears to influence mitochondrial metabolism.  We used the Seahorse XF flux analyzer to measure the effect of a range of alkylTPP+ on cellular respiration and further analyzed their effect on mitochondrial membrane potential and the activity of respiratory complexes. We found that the ability of alkylTPP+ to inhibit the respiratory chain and decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential increases with the length of the alkyl chain suggesting that hydrophobicity is an important determinant of toxicity.  More hydrophobic TPP+ derivatives can be expected to have a negative impact on mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory chain activity in addition to the effect of the biologically active moiety attached to them. Using shorter linker chains or adding hydrophilic functional groups may provide a means to decrease this negative effect.
Precision Landing and Testing of Aerospace Vehicles.
Year: 2012

Planetary precision landing in non cooperative sites has been a major challenge. An indoor novel planetary precision landing facility known as Surrey Precision Landing Facility (SPLF) has been developed to bridge the gap between software simulations and outdoor expensive UAV based planetary precision landing testbeds. The 3D motion capture system provides real time accurate navigation data by removing the uncertainty in the position, and thus allows the flexibility to test the planetary terminal descent based Guidance and Control algorithms on quadrotors safely, rapidly, repeatedly with very low operating cost. Quadrotors can follow the trajectory of a planetary lander during its terminal descent. Model Predictive Control (MPC) incorporates input/output constraints in the calculation of the control law and thus can be used for the planetary terminal descent scenarios. Feasibility and computation time have been a key hindrance in practical validation of MPC for quadrotor control. Therefore, a novel single stage linear MPC algorithm in a state space framework has been developed to improve feasibility and computation time over Optimal MPC (OMPC) Laguerre OMPC (LOMPC) and Steady State (SS) OMPC (SSOMPC) by linking reference governor, Closed Loop Paradigm, Steady State Target Optimization and Laguerre function techniques. The novel SSLOMPC algorithm is simulated to test its performance on a simple two state model, and then has been implemented in simulation and practically validated at SPLF on a quadrotor for the set point tracking scenarios. Disturbance rejection and offset free tracking is achieved via a Kalman filter. Simulated and practical implementations of PID, LQR and MPC control laws on a quadrotor helicopter for the Mars terminal descent phase has been performed at SPLF, where SSOMPC/SSLOMPC successfully demonstrates the ability to respect the control input and output constraints. The conclusion is that the use of Steady State OMPC with Laguerre functions improves feasibility and computation time. MPC can be used as a practical candidate controller for planetary precision landing scenarios. The tracking errors for PID, LQR and MPC control laws were less than 10 cm in the practical tests.