nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Text classification based on multi word with support vector machine
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.
Year: 2008

One of the main themes which support text mining is text representation; that is, its task is to look for appropriate terms to transfer documents into numerical vectors. Recently, many efforts have been invested on this topic to enrich text representation using vector space model (VSM) to improve the performances of text mining techniques such as text classification and text clustering. The main concern in this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of using multi words for text representation on the performances of text classification. Firstly, a practical method is proposed to implement the multi word extraction from documents based on the syntactical structure. Secondly, two strategies as general concept representation and subtopic representation are presented to represent the documents using the extracted multi words. In particular, the dynamic k mismatch is proposed to determine the presence of a long multi word which is a subtopic of the content of a document. Finally, we carried out a series of experiments on classifying the Reuters 21578 documents using the representations with multi words. We used the performance of representation in individual words as the baseline, which has the largest dimension of feature set for representation without linguistic preprocessing. Moreover, linear kernel and non linear polynomial kernel in support vector machines (SVM) are examined comparatively for classification to investigate the effect of kernel type on their performances. Index terms with low information gain (IG) are removed from the feature set at different percentages to observe the robustness of each classification method. Our experiments demonstrate that in multi word representation, subtopic representation outperforms the general concept representation and the linear kernel outperforms the non linear kernel of SVM in classifying the Reuters data. The effect of applying different representation strategies is greater than the effect of applying the different SVM kernels on classification performance. Furthermore, the representation using individual words outperforms any representation using multi words. This is consistent with the major opinions concerning the role of linguistic preprocessing on documents' features when using SVM for text classification.
Mutational analysis of ProTx I and the novel venom peptide Pe1b provide insight into residues responsible for selective inhibition of the analgesic drug target NaV1.7.
Venue: Biochemical pharmacology
Year: 2020

Management of chronic pain presents a major challenge, since many currently available treatments lack efficacy and have problems such as addiction and tolerance. Loss of function mutations in the SCN9A gene lead to a congenital inability to feel pain, with no other sensory deficits aside from anosmia. SCN9A encodes the voltage gated sodium (NaV) channel 1.7 (NaV1.7) which has been identified as a primary pain target. However, in developing NaV1.7 targeted analgesics, extreme care must to be taken to avoid off target activity on other NaV subtypes that are critical for survival. Since spider venoms are an excellent source of NaV channel modulators, we screened a panel of spider venoms to identify selective NaV1.7 inhibitors. This led to identification of two novel NaV modulating venom peptides (b/m theraphotoxin Pe1a and b/m theraphotoxin Pe1b (Pe1b) from the arboreal tarantula Phormingochilus everetti. A third peptide isolated from the tarantula Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi was identical to the well known ProTx I (b/o theraphotoxin Tp1a) from the tarantula Thrixopelma pruriens. A tethered toxin (t toxin) based alanine scanning strategy was used to determine the NaV1.7 pharmacophore of ProTx I. We designed several ProTx I and Pe1b analogues, and tested them for activity and NaV channel subtype selectivity. Several analogues had improved potency against NaV1.7, and altered specificity against other NaV channels. These analogues provide a foundation for development of Pe1b as a lead molecule for therapeutic inhibition of NaV1.7.
Plasmonic Molecular Resonance Coupling: Plasmonic Splitting versus Energy Transfer
Year: 2012

Plasmonic molecular resonance coupling was systematically studied using quasistatic approximation, Mie theory, and rigorous finite difference time domain calculations. The results indicate that the two types of coupling behaviors, plasmonic splitting and energy transfer, which are commonly manifested in experiments as peak splitting and a quenching dip, respectively, can be unified by considering a Au nanocrystal core coated with dye molecules. The dye coating is treated as a dielectric shell with Lorentzian type absorption. By varying the oscillator strength and molecular transition line width, either plasmonic splitting or a quenching dip can be observed on the scattering spectrum of the dye coated Au nanocrystal. The effects of the thickness of the dye coating, the spacing between the dye shell and the Au core, the partial dye coating, and the Au core shape on the coupled spectral shape were also ascertained. Our results will be useful for further exploring new phenomena in plasmon based light matter i.
The Actions of IGF 1 in the Growth Plate and Its Role in Postnatal Bone Elongation
Venue: Current Osteoporosis Reports
Year: 2020

Bone elongation is a complex process driven by multiple intrinsic (hormones, growth factors) and extrinsic (nutrition, environment) variables. Bones grow in length by endochondral ossification in cartilaginous growth plates at ends of developing long bones. This review provides an updated overview of the important factors that influence this process. Recent Findings Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF 1) is the major hormone required for growth and a drug for treating pediatric skeletal disorders. Temperature is an underrecognized environmental variable that also impacts linear growth. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the interaction of IGF 1 and environmental factors on bone elongation.  Understanding how internal and external variables regulate bone lengthening is essential for developing and improving treatments for an array of bone elongation disorders. Future studies may benefit from understanding how these unique relationships could offer realistic new approaches for increasing bone length in different growth limiting conditions.
Myeloma: next generation immunotherapy.
Venue: Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
Year: 2019

The course of multiple myeloma (MM) from initial diagnosis to a relapsed/refractory state is characterized by acquisition of drug resistance as well as progressive immunologic dysfunction. Despite this, however, a number of novel therapies that work in part or solely via immune stimulation are in development for MM, with promising early clinical results. Several new whole cell or multiepitope vaccine approaches are demonstrating immunologic efficacy in smoldering MM or as posttherapy consolidation, with trials ongoing to see whether this translates into delayed progression or elimination of minimal residual disease. Programmed death 1 (PD 1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD L1) inhibition in combination with immunomodulatory drugs demonstrated excessive toxicity in randomized trials; however, antibodies targeting PD 1/PD L1 and other checkpoint molecules continue to be explored in combination with tumor targeted antibodies and other T cell directed therapies. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as the next big antigen target, with multiple BCMA specific antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and T cell directed bispecific antibodies/bispecific therapeutic engagers (BiTEs) entering the clinic. In initial trials, the ADC GSK2857916 and the BiTE AMG 420 have demonstrated high response rates in relapsed/refractory patients, with depth and durability of responses that may end up rivaling chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. These agents have unique toxicities that require close monitoring, but they are moving forward in larger registration studies and in combination with standard MM agents. Additional ADCs and bispecific antibodies targeting BCMA and other surface antigens (eg, CD38, CD46, CD48, FcRH5, and G protein coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D) are moving forward in phase 1 trials and may provide even more options for MM patients.
Shape Template Based Dental Mesh Repairing
Venue: 2019 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP BMEI)
Year: 2019

In digital orthodontic field, obtaining complete crown mesh is a very important part. Due to the tightness of adjacent teeth and the connection of teeth to the gums, both sides of the crown data obtained after scanning and segmentation are usually missing, and repairing the crown mesh data is a critical task. There are many researchers worked on dental mesh repairing problem, although their methods could obtain high quality results, they do not consider about tooth shape and usually require user interaction. In this paper, we propose a dental mesh repairing method based on statistical shape analysis. We estimate the shape parameters such that the tooth shape is as close as possible to the boundary region of the crown mesh to be repaired. Then, these parameters are used as a template to perform surface repair on both sides of the crown model. The method proposed in this paper can accurately estimate a set of shape parameters that are close to the input crown model, and the stitch results are smoother. On the other hand, this method does not require human interaction and additional data support, the whole process is automatic.
Caregiving and Perceived Generativity: A Positive and Protective Aspect of Providing Care?
Venue: Clinical gerontologist
Year: 2017

Although a sizable body of research supports negative psychological consequences of caregiving, less is known about potential psychological benefits. This study aimed to examine whether caregiving was associated with enhanced generativity, or feeling like one makes important contributions to others. An additional aim was to examine the buffering potential of perceived generativity on adverse health outcomes associated with caregiving.  Analyses utilized a subsample of participants (n 3,815, ages 30 84 years) from the second wave of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States ( Regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic factors indicated greater negative affect and depression (p .001) and lower levels of positive affect (p .01) but higher self perceptions of generativity (p .001) in caregivers compared with non caregivers. This association remained after adjusting for varying caregiving intensities and negative psychological outcomes. Additionally, generativity interacted with depression and negative affect (p values .05) to lessen the likelihood of health related cutbacks in work/household productivity among caregivers.  Results suggest that greater feelings of generativity may be a positive aspect of caregiving that might help mitigate some of the adverse health and well being consequences of care.  Self perceptions of generativity may help alleviate caregiver burden and explain why some caregivers fare better than others.
Anti TIF1 &ggr; antibody and cancer associated myositis: A clinicohistopathologic study
Venue: Neurology
Year: 2016

We aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathologic features of cancer associated myositis (CAM) in relation to anti transcriptional intermediary factor 1 &ggr; antibody (anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab) a marker of cancer association. We retrospectively studied 349 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) including 284 patients with pretreatment biopsy samples available. For the classification of IIMs, the European Neuromuscular Center criteria were applied. Patients with CAM with (anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab[ CAM) and without anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab (anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab[ CAM) were compared with patients with IIM without cancers within and beyond 3 years of myositis diagnosis. Cancer was detected in 75 patients, of whom 36 (48% were positive for anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab. In anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( patients with CAM, cancers were detected within 1 year of myositis diagnosis in 35 (97% and before 1 year of myositis diagnosis in 1. All the anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( patients with CAM satisfied the dermatomyositis (DM) criteria, including 2 possible DM sine dermatitis cases, and were characterized histologically by the presence of perifascicular atrophy, vacuolated fibers (VFs) and dense C5b 9 deposits on capillaries (dC5b 9) In contrast, 39 anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( patients with CAM were classified into various subgroups, and characterized by a higher frequency of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) Notably, all 7 patients with CAM classified into the NAM subgroup were anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( and exhibited no dC5b 9 or VFs. CAM includes clinicohistopathologically heterogeneous disease entities. Among CAM entities, anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( CAM has characteristically shown a close temporal association with cancer detection and the histopathologic findings of dC5b 9 and VFs, and CAM with NAM is a subset of anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( CAM.
Zeta potential changing self emulsifying drug delivery systems utilizing a novel Janus headed surfactant: A promising strategy for enhanced mucus permeation
Venue: Journal of Molecular Liquids
Year: 2019

The aim of this study was to develop zeta potential changing self emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) utilizing a Janus headed surfactant in order to improve mucus permeation.  Amino 1 dodecanol (12 AD) was phosphorylated by utilizing phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and incorporated in a concentration of 2% into a SEDDS formulation (10% Glycerol 85, 30% Campul MCM, 30% Cremophore EL, 30% Captex 355) The phosphorylated 12 AD (p 12 AD) loaded SEDDS were characterized regarding their size and zeta potential. Phosphate release studies from SEDDS having been diluted 1:100 in HEPES buffer were performed with isolated alkaline phosphatase (10 U/mL) as well as cell associated intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP) In parallel, the resulting change in zeta potential as well as the increase in amino group concentration on the surface of SEDDS were monitored. The effect of zeta potential change on mucus permeation was evaluated by Transwell method with freshly isolated porcine mucus utilizing fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as a marker.  Size and zeta potential of SEDDS were 61 3.8 nm and 9.37 mV, respectively. The amount of phosphate release was 29.91 mmol/g and 1.22 mmol/g in the presence of isolated AP and Caco 2 cell monolayer, respectively. SEDDS showed a shift in zeta potential from 9.37 mV to +0.5 mV in the presence of isolated AP within 6 h. The mucus permeation results demonstrated that negatively charged SEDDS permeate the mucus gel layer to a 6.5 fold higher extent than SEDDS having already changed their zeta potential to positive because of phosphate cleavage.  SEDDS containing a Janus headed phosphorylated surfactant might be a promising strategy for mucosal drug delivery.
Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Nigeria: The Desirability and Inevitability of a Pragmatic Approach
Year: 2013

Promoting gender equality has become a globally recognized and an acceptable reality. Gender issues have also been identified as critical to the achievement of national development goals. In fact, the attainment of gender equality is not only seen as an end in itself it is equally a catalyst to, and a sine qua non for the achievement of sustainable development. This paper which attempted an assessment of the level of attainment of gender parity and women empowerment using three critical indicators namely: enrolment in education at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels, employment and political decision making, utilized valuable secondary sources of data. The paper which argues that, at the heart of the problematic of gender disparity in Nigeria, is the action dilemma by the Nigerian government which has compounded the problem of expanding the capacity level that is required to enhance the opportunity of accommodating the varying needs of both male and female gender also contends that the attainment of gender equality in Nigeria which is already time barred, will be a mirage due to multi dimensional constraining factors. This paper which subsequently hinged the actualization of gender equality and women empowerment on tile desirability and inevitability of a pragmatic approach, concluded with some useful remarks.  Gender equality, women empowerment, Nigeria, pragmatic approach.
An Asymptotically Optimal Multi Armed Bandit Algorithm and Hyperparameter Optimization
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

The evaluation of hyperparameters, neural architectures, or data augmentation policies becomes a critical model selection problem in advanced deep learning with a large hyperparameter search space. In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust bandit based algorithm called Sub Sampling (SS) in the scenario of hyperparameter search evaluation. It evaluates the potential of hyperparameters by the sub samples of observations and is theoretically proved to be optimal under the criterion of cumulative regret. We further combine SS with Bayesian Optimization and develop a novel hyperparameter optimization algorithm called BOSS. Empirical studies validate our theoretical arguments of SS and demonstrate the superior performance of BOSS on a number of applications, including Neural Architecture Search (NAS) Data Augmentation (DA) Object Detection (OD) and Reinforcement Learning (RL)
Unsupervised Pixel Level Domain Adaptation with Generative Adversarial Networks
Venue: 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Year: 2017

Collecting well annotated image datasets to train modern machine learning algorithms is prohibitively expensive for many tasks. One appealing alternative is rendering synthetic data where ground truth annotations are generated automatically. Unfortunately, models trained purely on rendered images fail to generalize to real images. To address this shortcoming, prior work introduced unsupervised domain adaptation algorithms that have tried to either map representations between the two domains, or learn to extract features that are domain invariant. In this work, we approach the problem in a new light by learning in an unsupervised manner a transformation in the pixel space from one domain to the other. Our generative adversarial network (GAN) based method adapts source domain images to appear as if drawn from the target domain. Our approach not only produces plausible samples, but also outperforms the state of the art on a number of unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios by large margins. Finally, we demonstrate that the adaptation process generalizes to object classes unseen during training.
There and back again: More on the taxonomy of the crab spiders genus Epicadus (Thomisidae: Stephanopinae)
Venue: Zootaxa
Year: 2018

The Neotropical crab spider genera Tobias Simon, 1895 and Epicadus Simon, 1895 comprise species with remarkable somatic morphology and confounding taxonomic history. The results of our recent cladistic analysis corroborate and extend preceding taxonomic assumptions in showing that Tobias is a junior synonym of Epicadus. In the present paper the six species recently transferred from Tobias to Epicadus are redescribed. Two new species are described based on both males and females: Epicadus dimidiaster sp. nov. and Epicadus tigrinus sp. nov. the male of Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909 is described for the first time. The diagnosis of the genus is revised, an identification key is provided, and information on geographical distribution is updated. Epicadus now comprises eleven species.
On site building of a Zn2+ conductive interfacial layer via short circuit energization for stable Zn anode
Year: 2020

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) show great potential in large scale energy storage systems for their advantages of high safety, low cost, high capacity, and environmental friendliness. However, the poor performance of Zn metal anode seriously hinders the application of ZIBs. Herein, we use the zinc ion intercalatable V2O5*nH2O (VO) as the interface modification material, for the first time, to on site build a Zn2+ conductive ZnxV2O5*nH2O (ZnVO) interfacial layer via the spontaneous short circuit reaction between the pre fabricated VO film and Zn metal foil. Compared with the bare Zn, the ZnVO coated Zn anode exhibits better electrochemical performances with dendrite free Zn deposits, lower polarization, higher coulombic efficiency over 99% after long cycles and 10 times higher cycle life, which is confirmed by constructing Zn symmetrical cell and Zn|ZnSO4 Li2SO4|LiFePO4 full cell.
Temporal organization of cellular growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Year: 2017

Wenn Backerhefe in flussigem Nahrmedium kultiviert wird, stellen sich oft stabile rhythmische Muster der Atmungsaktivitat ein (metabolische oder Atmungsoszillation) Die Perioden dieser Oszillation schwanken sehr stark, von 40 min bis 12 h und mehr, aber werden generell kurzer mit steigender Wachstumsrate. Verschiedene methodische und biologische Aspekte dieses Phanomens wurden in funf Publikationen untersucht, mit einem Schwerpunkt auf periodische Muster der RNA Transkription und Chromatinstruktur. Dabei wurden bereits publizierte Daten systematisch miteinander verglichen. Es zeigt sich ein hoch konserviertes Programm der Genexpression, welches in allen Experimenten, unabhangig von der Oszillationsperiode, zu beobachten ist. Ein Programm in relativ konstantem Zeitrahmen von 30 min bis 1 h startet mit Beginn erhohter Atmungsaktivitat, und fuhrt von Expression zytoplasmatischer Ribosomen, uber Aminosauresynthesewege zu Expression mitochondrialer Ribosomen. Das Ende dieses Zellwachstumsprogramms geht mit Abbau von Speicherzuckern, transienter Fermentation und, in Zellen die dazu bereit sind, Einleitung der DNA Replikation einher "metabolic S phase gating" Dieses Ende liegt an variabler Position innerhalb des globalen Rahmens der Atmungsoszillation, noch vor oder uberlappend mit der Phase niedriger Atmungsaktivitat. In letzterer Phase werden wiederum Gene des Katabolismus, der Autophagie und der zellularen Stressantwort exprimiert. Die relative Expression dieser Gengruppen andert sich auch in herkommlicher exponentieller Wachstumsphase, die also entgegen allgemeiner Annahme nicht als Fliesgleichgewicht betrachtet werden kann, und korreliert generell mit der Wachstumsrate, was zu einer in vielen Mikroorganismen beobachteten Optimierung der ribosomalen Biomassefraktion fuhrt. Die Oszillationen `kollabieren' bei der Wachstumsrate, bei der Fermentation einsetzt; der sogenannte Crabtree Effekt, verwandt dem Warburg Effekt. Mechanistische und empirische Modelle fur die beobachtete Dynamik werden vorgeschlagen.