nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ACCESO A LA NACIONALIDAD ESPANOLA "DE ORIGEN" DE DESCENDIENTES DE EMIGRANTES Y EXILADOS: LA VIGENTE DISPOSICION ADICIONAL SEPTIMA DE LA LEY 52/2007 "DE MEMORIA HISTORICA
Year: 2011

El trabajo examina el problema que se ha planteado en Espana, y en los consulados en el exterior, a raiz de la aplicacion de las disposiciones transitorias de la Ley de Memoria historica de 2007 En esta se concedia el derechos de opcion a ser "espanoles de origen" a los descendientes de hijos y nietos de espanoles emigrantes o exilados durante o despues de la Gerra Civil (1936 1939) El plazo para ejercitarlo finalizaba el 27 de diciembre 2011. Una laguna legal en la interpretacion de la Disposicion Transitoria 7 a de la Ley, limitaba el derecho obtener la nacionalidad espanola " de origen " a miles de descendientes de espanoles. Se estudia en el articulo la diferencia juridica y los derechos que concede el " status de espanol de origen " y " espanol originario " El primero es un concepto juridico, mientras que el segundo es un concepto temporal. La Defensora del pueblo de Espana, a instancias del autor, curso una peticion al Ministerio de Justicia y de Exteriores para que solucionen esta disfuncion obteniendo " de facto" un cambio de orientacion y resolviendose asi, algunos recursos en tramite. Palabras clave: Nacionalidad espanola, Derecho opcion, Ley de Memoria historica, Emigrantes y exilados; nacionalidad espanola de origen y nacionalidad originaria  The paper examines the problem that has occurred in Spain, and consulates abroad, following the implementation of the Transitional Provisions of the 'Historical Memory Act' outlined by Statute 52/2007. The Act offers the option to obtain Spanish nationality 'by origin' to descendants of Spanish emigrants and political exiles who left after the Civil War (1936 1939) The deadline to apply ends on December 27, 2011. However, the right to nationality 'by origin' of thousands of Spanish descendants has been hindered by a legal loophole in the interpretation of the 7 th Transitory Provision. The study pinpoints the legal difference and rights granted by the status of Spaniard 'by origin' as opposed to Spaniard 'by birth' Whereas the former represent a legal, the latter is a temporary concept. At the request of the author, Spain's Ombudswoman filed a petition to the Ministry of Justice to resolve this dysfunction, obtaining 'de facto' change of direction that resolved several pending cases.  Spanish citizenship, Option Rights, Historical Memory Act, emigrants and exiles, Spanish nationality by origin and nationality by birth
An Adaptive Memetic Algorithm for Dynamic Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Varying Demands
Year: 2021

Dynamic electric vehicle routing problem (DEVRP) is an extension of the electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) into dynamic logistical transportation system such that the demand of customer may change over time. The routing decision of DEVRP must concern with the driving range limitation of electric vehicle (EV) in a dynamic environment since both load degree and battery capacity are variable according to the time varying demands. This paper proposes an adaptive memetic algorithm, where a special encoding strategy, an adaptive local search operator, and an economical random immigrant scheme are employed in the framework of evolutionary algorithm, to solve DEVRP efficiently. Numeric experiments are carried out upon a series of test instances that are constructed from a stationary VRP benchmark. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective in finding high quality solution than several peer algorithms as well as significant in improving the capacity of the routing plan of EVs in dynamic transportation environment.
Survey on the China's Internet Language of Foreign Students
Year: 2014

Using sociolinguistic methods,this study surveys the foreign students using China's internet language of four colleges. The survey studies the variables of gender,age,occupation,nationality and the time to learn Chinese on the foreign students use of internet language and the emotional attitude of the foreign students. The survey result shows that foreign students on the recognition of China's internet language reflects their unique approach to the Chinese cultural sphere of social and psychological mechanisms,the network language is no longer an extracurricular decorative,but their integral part in their extra curricular exchanges. Foreign students utilize the network level of language proficiency in Chinese is their degree of vane.
A Moving Morphable Void (MMV) based explicit approach for topology optimization considering stress constraints
Year: 2018

Topology optimization considering stress constraints has received ever increasing attention in recent years for both of its academic challenges and great potential in real world engineering applications. Traditionally, stress constrained topology optimization problems are solved with approaches where structural geometry/topology is represented in an implicit way. This treatment, however, would lead to problems such as the existence of singular optima, the risk of low accuracy of stress computation, and the lack of direct link between optimized results and computer aided design/engineering (CAD/CAE) systems. With the aim of resolving the aforementioned issues straightforwardly, a Moving Morphable Void (MMV) based approach is proposed in the present study. Compared with existing approaches, the distinctive advantage of the proposed approach is that the structural geometry/topology is described in a completely explicit way. This feature provides the possibility of obtaining optimized designs with crisp and explicitly parameterized boundaries using much fewer numbers of degrees of freedom for finite element analysis and design variables for optimization, respectively. Several numerical examples provided demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
A Physical Cognitive Intervention to Enhance Gait Speed in Older Mexican Adults
Venue: American journal of health promotion AJHP
Year: 2015

To test the effects of a physical cognitive exercise intervention on gait parameters under dual task conditions in community dwelling older adults.  A repeated measures quasi experimental design, with control and exercise groups, was used.  Study participants consist of a convenience sample recruited from senior citizens' centers in Monterrey, Mexico. Subjects. A total of 143 sedentary participants ages 65 to 92 years per group participated.  A combined 45 to 60 minute program of physical and cognitive exercises was conducted in three weekly sessions during 12 weeks for the exercise group.  The spatial gait parameters of speed (cm/s) step width, and stride length (cm) and the temporal parameters of single and double support time, cadence (steps per minute) and swing time(s) were measured using the GaitRite. Counting backwards or naming animals represented cognitive performance.  Two (groups: exercise group vs. control group) by three (time: baseline, week 6, and week 12) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied.  Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant group effect (Wilks lambda F4,279 6.78, p .001) univariate analysis showed significant differences for gait speed (m/s) stride length, cadence, step width, and double support time. Time by group interaction showed significance in gait speed and stride length.  The exercise group participants showed increased gait speed, cadence, and stride length, and reduced their step width and time spent with both feet on the ground. Walking while simultaneously performing a cognitive task might prepare older adults for competing/interfering demands from their environments. The protective health benefits of this intervention remain to be investigated.
Genome wide methylated CpG island profiles of melanoma cells reveal a melanoma coregulation network
Venue: Scientific reports
Year: 2013

Metastatic melanoma is a malignant cancer with generally poor prognosis, with no targeted chemotherapy. To identify epigenetic changes related to melanoma, we have determined genome wide methylated CpG island distributions by next generation sequencing. Melanoma chromosomes tend to be differentially methylated over short CpG island tracts. CpG islands in the upstream regulatory regions of many coding and noncoding RNA genes, including, for example, TERC, which encodes the telomerase RNA, exhibit extensive hypermethylation, whereas several repeated elements, such as LINE 2, and several LTR elements, are hypomethylated in advanced stage melanoma cell lines. By using CpG island demethylation profiles, and by integrating these data with RNA seq data obtained from melanoma cells, we have identified a co expression network of differentially methylated genes with significance for cancer related functions. Focused assays of melanoma patient tissue samples for CpG island methylation near the noncoding RNA gene SNORD 10 demonstrated high specificity.
Experimental investigations and theoretical determination of thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3/water nanofluid
Year: 2010

Experimental investigations and theoretical determination of effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al 2 O 3 /H 2 O nanofluid are reported in this paper. The nanofluid was prepared by synthesizing Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles using microwave assisted chemical precipitation method, and then dispersing them in distilled water using a sonicator. Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid with a nominal diameter of 43 nm at different volume concentrations (0.33 5% at room temperature were used for the investigation. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids are measured and it is found that the viscosity increase is substantially higher than the increase in thermal conductivity. Both the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids increase with the nanoparticle volume concentration. Theoretical models are developed to predict thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids without resorting to the well established Maxwell and Einstein models, respectively. The proposed models show reasonably good agreement with our experimental results.
Internationalising UK students through migrant academic staff
Year: 2018

Work on academic mobility has primarily explored the movement of people and the production and circulation of ideas, concepts, and innovations in scientific research. The movement of knowledge for the purpose of HE teaching and learning, however, remains under researched. Aiming to respond to this lack of attention, this thesis investigates how international academic staff transfer ideas and academic perspectives acquired in non UK pedagogic environments to students at UK universities. The thesis examines the opportunities and challenges migrant academic staff face in engaging in such knowledge transfer while adapting to UK HE, exploring three research objectives: (1) to analyse the experiences of migrant academic staff in the UK with regard to the transfer and adaptation of international ideas and concepts in their teaching and learning practice; (2) to examine the impact of "foreignness as a teaching resource" (Alberts 2008: 198) on UK students taught by international academics; and (3) to assess to what extent UK universities recognise and support non UK academics as a valuable resource in teaching and learning. To address these objectives, I utilised a multi method approach comprising 41 semi structured interviews with international faculty, senior management and professional development staff, and a questionnaire survey with 185 undergraduate students. The fieldwork was conducted at three research intensive case study universities in England, from December 2014 to January 2016. The thesis significantly advances knowledge on geographies of education and migration studies in several ways. First, it highlights the uneven geographies of knowledge transfer in HE teaching and learning. Second, student encounters with migrant academic staff may drive change in certain UK undergraduate learners through developing intercultural respect, stimulating open mindedness, expanding horizons, and promoting tolerance of otherness. Third, the case study universities only cursorily capitalised on migrant academics' insights about other knowledge environments in relation to pedagogic approaches and knowledge claims, and therefore the thesis points to the need for further progressive debates about how best to mobilise and support international best practice. In doing the above, the thesis advances a new conceptualisation double being, double thinking that emphasises the disparate knowledge environments that migrant academics straddle. Thus, the thesis opens up a new research agenda in emerging scholarship about the internationalisation of higher education through migrant academic staff.
Influence of parallel computing strategies of iterative imputation of missing data: a case study on missForest
Year: 2020

Machine learning iterative imputation methods have been well accepted by researchers for imputing missing data, but they can be time consuming when handling large datasets. To overcome this drawback, parallel computing strategies have been proposed but their impact on imputation results and subsequent statistical analyses are relatively unknown. This study examines the two parallel strategies (variable wise distributed computation and model wise distributed computation) implemented in the random forest imputation method, missForest. Results from the simulation experiments showed that the two parallel strategies can influence both the imputation process and the final imputation results differently. Specifically, even though both strategies produced similar normalized root mean squared prediction errors, the variable wise distributed strategy led to additional biases when estimating the mean and inter correlation of the covariates and their regression coefficients.
Evolution of a Major Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Defect in the Domestic Cat and Other Felidae: Phylogenetic Timing and the Role of Hypercarnivory
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2011

The domestic cat (Felis catus) shows remarkable sensitivity to the adverse effects of phenolic drugs, including acetaminophen and aspirin, as well as structurally related toxicants found in the diet and environment. This idiosyncrasy results from pseudogenization of the gene encoding UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6, the major species conserved phenol detoxification enzyme. Here, we established the phylogenetic timing of disruptive UGT1A6 mutations and explored the hypothesis that gene inactivation in cats was enabled by minimal exposure to plant derived toxicants. Fixation of the UGT1A6 pseudogene was estimated to have occurred between 35 and 11 million years ago with all extant Felidae having dysfunctional UGT1A6. Out of 22 additional taxa sampled, representative of most Carnivora families, only brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) showed inactivating UGT1A6 mutations. A comprehensive literature review of the natural diet of the sampled taxa indicated that all species with defective UGT1A6 were hypercarnivores >70% dietary animal matter) Furthermore those species with UGT1A6 defects showed evidence for reduced amino acid constraint (increased dN/dS ratios approaching the neutral selection value of 1.0) as compared with species with intact UGT1A6. In contrast, there was no evidence for reduced amino acid constraint for these same species within UGT1A1, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for detoxification of endogenously generated bilirubin. Our results provide the first evidence suggesting that diet may have played a permissive role in the devolution of a mammalian drug metabolizing enzyme. Further work is needed to establish whether these preliminary findings can be generalized to all Carnivora.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation models and their applications in food carbohydrates.
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Year: 2021

Food nutrients plays a crucial role in human health, especially in gastrointestinal (GI) health. The effect of food nutrients on human health mainly depends on the digestion and fermentation process in the GI tract. In vitro GI digestion and fermentation models had the advantages of reproducibility, simplicity, universality, and could integrally simulate the in vivo conditions to mimic oral, gastric, small intestinal and large intestinal digestive processes. They could not only predict the relationship among material composition, structure and digestive characteristics, but also evaluate the bioavailability of material components and the impact of digestive metabolites on GI health. This review systematicly summarized the current state of the in vitro simulation models, and made detailed descriptions for their applications, advantages and disadvantages, and specially their applications in food carbohydrates. In addition, it also provided the suggestions for the improvement of in vitro models and firstly proposed to establish a set of standardized methods of in vitro dynamic digestion and fermentation conditions for food carbohydrates, which were in order to further evaluate more effects of the nutrients on human health in future.
Short term safety outcomes of mastectomy and immediate implant based breast reconstruction with and without mesh (iBRA) a multicentre, prospective cohort study
Venue: The Lancet. Oncology
Year: 2019

Use of biological or synthetic mesh might improve outcomes of immediate implant based breast reconstruction breast reconstruction with implants or expanders at the time of mastectomy but there is a lack of high quality evidence to support the safety or effectiveness of the technique. We aimed to establish the short term safety of immediate implant based breast reconstruction performed with and without mesh, to inform the feasibility of undertaking a future randomised clinical trial comparing different breast reconstruction techniques.  In this prospective, multicentre cohort study, we consecutively recruited women aged 16 years or older who had any type of immediate implant based breast reconstruction for malignancy or risk reduction, with any technique, at 81 participating breast and plastic surgical units in the UK. Data about patient demographics and operative, oncological, and complication details were collected before and after surgery. Outcomes of interest were implant loss (defined as unplanned removal of the expander or implant) infection requiring treatment with antibiotics or surgery, unplanned return to theatre, and unplanned re admission to hospital for complications of reconstructive surgery, up to 3 months after reconstruction and assessed by clinical review or patient self report. Follow up is complete. The study is registered with the ISRCTN Registry, number ISRCTN37664281.  Between Feb 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016, 2108 patients had 2655 mastectomies with immediate implant based breast reconstruction at 81 units across the UK. 1650 (78% patients had planned single stage reconstructions (including 12 patients who had a different technique per breast) 1376 (65% patients had reconstruction with biological (1133 [54% or synthetic (243 [12% mesh, 181 (9% had non mesh submuscular or subfascial implants, 440 (21% had dermal sling implants, 42 (2% had pre pectoral implants, and 79 (4% had other or a combination of implants. 3 month outcome data were available for 2081 (99% patients. Of these patients, 182 (9% 95% CI 8 10) experienced implant loss, 372 (18% 16 20) required re admission to hospital, and 370 (18% 16 20) required return to theatre for complications within 3 months of their initial surgery. 522 (25% 95% CI 23 27) patients required treatment for an infection. The rates of all of these complications are higher than those in the National Quality Standards <5% for re operation, re admission, and implant loss, and <10% for infection)  Complications after immediate implant based breast reconstruction are higher than recommended by national standards. A randomised clinical trial is needed to establish the optimal approach to immediate implant based breast reconstruction.
Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust: Effects of Engine Technology, Cold Start, and Emission Certification Standard.
Venue: Environmental science technology
Year: 2018

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from dilute exhaust from 16 gasoline vehicles was investigated using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) oxidation flow reactor during chassis dynamometer testing using the cold start unified cycle (UC) Ten vehicles were equipped with gasoline direct injection engines (GDI vehicles) and six with port fuel injection engines (PFI vehicles) certified to a wide range of emissions standards. We measured similar SOA production from GDI and PFI vehicles certified to the same emissions standard; less SOA production from vehicles certified to stricter emissions standards; and, after accounting for differences in gas particle partitioning, similar effective SOA yields across different engine technologies and certification standards. Therefore the ongoing, dramatic shift from PFI to GDI vehicles in the United States should not alter the contribution of gasoline vehicles to ambient SOA and the natural replacement of older vehicles with newer ones certified to stricter emissions standards should reduce atmospheric SOA levels. Compared to hot operations, cold start exhaust had lower effective SOA yields, but still contributed more SOA overall because of substantially higher organic gas emissions. We demonstrate that the PAM reactor can be used as a screening tool for vehicle SOA production by carefully accounting for the effects of the large variations in emission rates.
Virtual forms, actual effects: how amplifying student voice through digital media promotes reflective practice and positions students as pedagogical partners to prospective high school and practicing college teachers
Venue: Br. J. Educ. Technol.
Year: 2017

Digital media have unique potential to amplify student voice in both high school teacher preparation and academic development for college faculty. This paper applies narrative analysis to participant descriptions of how three uses of digital media amplify student voice in the context of a single higher education consortium: (1) high school students and prospective high school teachers use email to engage in dialogue as part of a larger project within the consortium's secondary teacher preparation program, (2) undergraduate student consultants use visual mapping technology as a classroom observation tool through one of the consortium's academic development programs for college faculty and (3) graduate and undergraduate students, faculty and staff engaged in pedagogical partnerships within and beyond this consortium use on an online platform to publish reflective essays on their collaborative work. Amplifying student voice through these uses of digital media has the following actual effects: it creates the possibility for exchanges between students and teachers across space and time; it supports the development of reflective practice; and it encourages the embrace of a partnership approach to teaching and learning.
Study of Inception Mechanism of Electrical Trees from Bow tie Trees
Venue: IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials
Year: 2019

The relationship between bow tie tree length and breakdown strength of XLPE cables was obtained both experimentally and by calculation. Assuming the models where both permittivity and resistivity of BTTs vary near the BTT tip, it was verified that electrical trees may be initiated from inside the BTT, quantitatively. In cases where the length of the BTT is short, the equivalent phenomenon as if er= 80 occurs because the resistivity of the BTT may decrease non linearly under high electric fields. Using these results, the influences of BTTs on EHV cables in service were estimated.