nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Formation and Consolidation of Incidentally Learned Trust
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
Year: 2019

People make inferences about the trustworthiness of others based on their observed gaze behavior. Faces that consistently look toward a target location are rated as more trustworthy than those that look away from the target. Representations of trust are important for future interactions; yet little is known about how they are consolidated in long term memory. Sleep facilitates memory consolidation for incidentally learned information and may therefore support the retention of trust representations. We investigated the consolidation of trust inferences across periods of sleep or wakefulness. In addition, we employed a memory cueing procedure (targeted memory reactivation [TMR] in a bid to strengthen certain trust memories over others. We observed no difference in the retention of trust inferences following delays of sleep or wakefulness, and there was no effect of TMR in either condition. Interestingly, trust inferences remained stable 1 week after learning, irrespective of the initial postlearning delay. A second experiment showed that this implicit learning occurs despite participants' being unable to explicitly recall the gaze behavior of specific faces immediately after encoding. Together, these results suggest that gist like, social inferences are formed at the time of learning without retaining the original episodic memory and thus do not benefit from offline consolidation through replay. We discuss our findings in the context of a novel framework whereby trust judgments reflect an efficient, powerful, and adaptable storage device for social information.
Study of Flame Detection based on Improved YOLOv4
Year: 2021

In some complex circumstances, the detection of conflagration mostly depends on smog detectors, which have lots of limitations in precision, efficiency and safety. If we make full use of object detection algorithms to detect the flame in industries, it will benefit people's safety obviously. Among all kinds of object detection algorithms, YOLO series play a very significant role. In this paper, we propose an improving strategy on YOLOv4 to enhance its precision based on multi scale feature maps. Firstly, we create flame datasets including almost 4000 high resolution flame pictures. Secondly, some improvements on feature extraction network are made to detect smaller objects. Finally, the total algorithm are trained and tested on our datasets for about 400 epochs. The result show that the method can generate high quality on flame detection in a great number of situations.
Differences in Orgasm Frequency Among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Men and Women in a U.S. National Sample
Venue: Archives of sexual behavior
Year: 2018

There is a notable gap between heterosexual men and women in frequency of orgasm during sex. Little is known, however, about sexual orientation differences in orgasm frequency. We examined how over 30 different traits or behaviors were associated with frequency of orgasm when sexually intimate during the past month. We analyzed a large US sample of adults (N 52,588) who identified as heterosexual men (n 26,032) gay men (n 452) bisexual men (n 550) lesbian women (n 340) bisexual women (n 1112) and heterosexual women (n 24,102) Heterosexual men were most likely to say they usually always orgasmed when sexually intimate (95% followed by gay men (89% bisexual men (88% lesbian women (86% bisexual women (66% and heterosexual women (65% Compared to women who orgasmed less frequently, women who orgasmed more frequently were more likely to: receive more oral sex, have longer duration of last sex, be more satisfied with their relationship, ask for what they want in bed, praise their partner for something they did in bed, call/email to tease about doing something sexual, wear sexy lingerie, try new sexual positions, anal stimulation, act out fantasies, incorporate sexy talk, and express love during sex. Women were more likely to orgasm if their last sexual encounter included deep kissing, manual genital stimulation, and/or oral sex in addition to vaginal intercourse. We consider sociocultural and evolutionary explanations for these orgasm gaps. The results suggest a variety of behaviors couples can try to increase orgasm frequency.
Erosion of Central Bank independence in Turkey
Year: 2019

This study provides empirical analysis to show increasing pressures over the Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) throughout the past decade where the CBT gives into such pressures, despite the Central Bank Law, which ensures tool independence. The study suggests that the relations between the government and the CBT reflect recent political changes where the government increased its control over state institutions, following rising costs of losing office. However, this trend not only has economic costs such as a restricted capacity to achieve price stability and sustainable growth but it also limits horizontal accountability of state institutions.
Federated Learning of Deep Networks using Model Averaging
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2016

Modern mobile devices have access to a wealth of data suitable for learning models, which in turn can greatly improve the user experience on the device. For example, language models can improve speech recognition and text entry, and image models can automatically select good photos. However, this rich data is often privacy sensitive, large in quantity, or both, which may preclude logging to the data center and training there using conventional approaches. We advocate an alternative that leaves the training data distributed on the mobile devices, and learns a shared model by aggregating locally computed updates. We term this decentralized approach Federated Learning. We present a practical method for the federated learning of deep networks that proves robust to the unbalanced and non IID data distributions that naturally arise. This method allows high quality models to be trained in relatively few rounds of communication, the principal constraint for federated learning. The key insight is that despite the non convex loss functions we optimize, parameter averaging over updates from multiple clients produces surprisingly good results, for example decreasing the communication needed to train an LSTM language model by two orders of magnitude.
A right left aortic arch pattern made up by a bicarotid trunk, a left subclavian, a left vertebral and a right retroesophageal subclavian artery
Venue: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
Year: 2011

We present several vascular variations of the aortic arch vessels observed in a 35 year old man during magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) The arterial branches of the aortic arch are from right to left: a bicarotid trunk, a left vertebral artery, a left subclavian artery, and a right retroesophageal subclavian artery. The right vertebral artery arises from the right carotid artery. Although a right retroesophageal subclavian artery has been reported in association with different anatomic variations of the aortic arch, to our knowledge this is the first MRA description of this particular combination of variations.
Improved ultrasonic interferometer technique for propagation velocity and attenuation measurement in liquids.
Venue: The Review of scientific instruments
Year: 2019

Propagation velocity and attenuation are the two basic parameters used for the ultrasonic investigations of liquids. An ultrasonic interferometer is a widely used tool as a cost effective solution for propagation velocity measurement. The ultrasonic attenuation measurements are not possible using the existing interferometers commercially available in the market. Ultrasonic attenuation can be measured using the pulse echo method, which is relatively complex and expensive. Generally, in interferometers, a radio frequency voltage of more than 100 V is used to excite the piezoelectric transducer. In this article, an improved design of the ultrasonic interferometer with low (5 V) rf voltage excitation is discussed. The proposed design has several advantages over existing systems. The low voltage excitation reduces heating of the sample under study. Detection of the received signal is done directly at the transducer. The critical effects of a coaxial cable in rf detection are minimized by dc detection at the transducer node. The impedance response of the transducer is used for the detection of nodes and antinodes for attenuation and velocity measurements. The use of an instrumentation amplifier enables one to amplify the extremely small voltage changes across the transducer due to interference. The developed method has the capability to measure attenuation due to high receiver sensitivity. The technique has been validated for the propagation velocity and attenuation measurement in standard samples of water and other liquids. The results thus obtained have been compared with the literature and the conventional pulse echo technique which shows close agreement.
Minimizing the Bag of Ngrams Difference for Non Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation
Venue: AAAI
Year: 2020

Non Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (NAT) achieves significant decoding speedup through generating target words independently and simultaneously. However, in the context of non autoregressive translation, the word level cross entropy loss cannot model the target side sequential dependency properly, leading to its weak correlation with the translation quality. As a result, NAT tends to generate influent translations with over translation and under translation errors. In this paper, we propose to train NAT to minimize the Bag of Ngrams (BoN) difference between the model output and the reference sentence. The bag of ngrams training objective is differentiable and can be efficiently calculated, which encourages NAT to capture the target side sequential dependency and correlates well with the translation quality. We validate our approach on three translation tasks and show that our approach largely outperforms the NAT baseline by about 5.0 BLEU scores on WMT14 En$\leftrightarrow$De and about 2.5 BLEU scores on WMT16 En$\leftrightarrow$Ro.
SIMULACION DINAMICA DE UN SISTEMA DE REFRIGERACION PARA LA COMPARACION DEL CONSUMO ENERGETICO BAJO CONTROL ON OFF Y CONTROL CONTINUO
Year: 2012

El creciente desarrollo energetico mundial, los problemas de calentamiento global y sus efectos en los seres vivos constituyen una preocupacion respecto al uso eficiente de la energia y el cuidado ambiental. El uso de nuevas tecnologias informaticas aplicadas a sistemas de refrigeracion abren un amplio campo de estudio en el desenvolvimiento y analisis de estrategias de control mas eficientes en la reduccion de consumo y picos de energia, perfeccionando no solo las tecnicas como el control on off y el control continuo sino la determinacion del consumo de energia sin que haya la necesidad de uso previo de aparatos experimentales. En refrigeracion, a traves del control on off es posible conectar y desconectar el sistema para generar ciclos de operacion y descanso segun la carga impuesta al sistema, mientras que con un esquema de control continuo se modifican algunas condiciones de operacion del compresor en lugar de detener su marcha, en este caso las revoluciones del compresor. En este proyecto, la simulacion dinamica de un sistema de refrigeracion ?como herramienta academica muestra que el control continuo presenta un ahorro energetico en comparacion con la estrategia on off, para un tiempo dado de simulacion. Ademas, se presentan y explican los modelos matematicos escogidos que describen el comportamiento de cada uno de los componentes del sistema de refrigeracion. Proyecto de Grado *Facultad de Ingenierias Fisicomecanicas.
Programming a Biofilm Mediated Multienzyme Assembly Cascade System for the Biocatalytic Production of Glucosamine from Chitin.
Venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Year: 2018

Chitin is used as an essential raw material for the production of glucosamine (GlcN) In this study, we adopted three key enzymes, isolated from Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1, that catalyze the sequential conversion of a chitin into GlcN and developed a multienzyme assembly cascade (MAC) system immobilized in a bacterial biofilm, which enabled a multistep one pot reaction. Specifically, the SpyTag SpyCatcher and SnoopTag SnoopCatcher pairs provided covalent and specific binding force to fix enzymes to the biofilm one by one and assemble close enzyme cascades. The MAC system showed great catalytic activity, converting 79.02 3.61% of a chitin into GlcN with little byproducts, which was 2.09 times that of GlcN catalyzed by a mixture of pure enzymes. The system also exhibited good temperature and pH stability. Notably, 90% of enzyme activity was retained after 6 rounds of reuse, and appreciable activity remained after 17 rounds.
Center Sensitive and Boundary Aware Tooth Instance Segmentation and Classification from Cone Beam CT
Venue: 2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)
Year: 2020

Tooth instance segmentation provides important assistance for computer aided orthodontic treatment. Many previous studies on this issue have limited performance on distinguishing adjacent teeth and obtaining accurate tooth boundaries. To address the challenging task, in this paper, we present a novel method achieving tooth instance segmentation and classification from cone beam CT (CBCT) images. The core of our method is a two level hierarchical deep neural network. We first embed center sensitive mechanism with global stage heatmap, so as to ensure accurate tooth centers and guide the localization of tooth instances. Then in the local stage, DenseASPP UNet is proposed for fine segmentation and classification of individual tooth. Further, in order to improve the accuracy of tooth segmentation boundary and refine the boundaries of overlapped teeth, a boundary aware dice loss and a novel label optimization are also applied in our method. Comparative experiments show that the proposed framework exhibits high segmentation performance and outperforms the state of the art methods.
[The comparative study of the early stages of sensory and sensory motor information processing in aggressive and non aggressive schizophrenic patients]
Venue: Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova
Year: 2020

To study the early stages of sensory (P50 suppression) and sensorimotor (prepulse modification of acoustic startle reaction ASR) information processing in aggressive and non aggressive patients with schizophrenia.  Two groups (aggressive group A, 44 s. and non aggressive group NA, 27 s. and 48 healthy people were studied using oculography and encephalography. Symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed by PANSS.  The analysis of ASR and P50 revealed the increased ASR latency, deficit of prepulse inhibition (PPI) with 60 ms leading interval, and P50 suppression in patients compared to controls. Aggressive behavior impacted on lateral features of ASR changes in the group A. The increase of ASR amplitude and the decline of prepulse facilitation were found in the group NA. The P50 analysis revealed the increased P50 amplitude and the shortened latency in response to 2nd stimulus in the pair. The increase in scores on item G14 of the PANSS (Poor impulse control) in the group A and its correlations with ASR and P50 parameters in this group suggested the important role of impulsivity in aggressive behavior in the studied sample of aggressive patients. ASR and P50 characteristics in the group NA are associated with increased sensitivity to incoming stimuli and such personality traits as increased alertness and fear, which might inhibit aggression. Thus, indicators of the early stages of information processing can be considered as potential predictors of aggressive behavior.
Diseno aplicado para el fortalecimiento en la lectoescritura en el area de lengua y literatura en infantes del tercer ano de basica de la Unidad Educativa Especializada Sordos de Chimborazo en el ano 2016.
Year: 2017

The Special Education Unit for the Deaf in Riobamba, Ecuador is different from the other educational institutions because it works with hearing impaired children. There has been a fundamental problem in the third year class of basic education in the areas of language and literature because there have not been suitable learning materials. For this research project, field research methodology was used to obtain informative data and relevant information. Sign language was utilized in the research so that the children could facilitate their understanding in the area of literacy. Additionally, the research information was made fully available to both students and teachers so that the best use of training materials could occur.
THE ORIGIN OF HONOUR KILLING (KARO KARI) IN SINDH PAKISTAN: A DISCUSSION ON ISLAMIC CONTEXT
Year: 2015

Pakistan is an under developing country. More than half of its population lives in a typical traditional rural areas. Social norms and cultural values are deeply rooted here. It is largely practiced in tribal areas of Sindh. Therefore, the concept of killing a woman on the name of honour is a part of tribal culture. It is the social, economic and political brocade of our society. The paper chalks out the role required by law makers, law enforcement agencies, civil society organizations and community for stopping cruel culture of female victimizing and restoring the assumed notions of honour. The study has highlighted the main and important reasons and factors of honour killings in Sindh. Honour killing is not only limited to karo kari, it has many other forms. Islam forbids killing of mankind. Therefore, karo kari contradicts with the teaching of Islam. The roots of honour killings can be traced in time and space. Hindu society used practice a custom, named sati. According to this custom when husband died, a woman used to burn herself with her husband. This paper aims at: (1) To introduce the meaning and concept of honour killings (karo kari) (2) Origin and explanations in its historical background, (3) Highlight of legislation for eradication of homicide, (4) Honour killings and its Islamic context, (5) Suggestions and recommendation of eradication of homicide, the paper is followed by a selected bibliography.
The use of the durometer to measure rock hardness in geomorphology. Advantages and limitations.
Year: 2010

The durometer is a hardness tester developed to measure hardness of metallic materials that has been recently introduced to measure rock hardness in weathering studies. Aoki Matsukura (2007) highlight some advantages of the durometer compared with the Schmidt Rock Test Hammer: the smaller plunge allows measurements in small surfaces such as taffoni or rock carvings, the wider measurement range and the lower impact energy. This last makes it a non destructive method that can be used on relatively soft rocks. In this work the durometer Equotip (c) has been tested in different environments in the field and in the laboratory to explore its applicability and limitations. We applied the device on small rock samples of granite and limestone and a T test showed that smaller sample size gave smaller hardness values (p 0.01) Testing the effects of water content, there were no statistically significant differences between water saturated and dry samples. The influence of rock surface roughness was evaluated applying the durometer in ancient rock carvings in medium to coarse grain granites. We compared the values obtained inside and outside the grooves of the carvings using two different support rings, one flat and one concave. The flat ring was not able to reach the bottom of the groove, meanwhile the concave ring adjusts fairly well given its semi spherical section. A t test confirmed the difference (p 0.01) between lower rebound values obtained in the grooves using the flat ring and the higher and less scattered values obtained when the concave ring is used. As a very sensitive device, there are some problems in the use related with rock roughness and rock grain size. In weathered medium to coarse grained rocks, with very irregular surfaces, is not easy to get a good contact between the plunge and the rock surface. A poor contact caused by surface roughness causes the scattering and lowering of rebound values. On the contrary, in homogeneous fine grained rocks and in uniform rock surfaces the device gave very good results. The data obtained in glacial, nival and rock coastal environments showed the potential of the device in the identification of changes in rock hardness. We were able to asses the changes in the weathering degree of glacial striations and marked differences in the rock surfaces subjected or not to abrasion.
Effect of Maize Stover Application as Soil Mulch on Yield of Arabica coffee (Coffee arabica L. Rubiaceae) at Western Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Year: 2013

An experiment was conducted during the dry seasons in western Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia at the Haramaya University Chiro Campus to determine the effect of maize stover as soil mulch on yield of Arabica coffee. Five levels of maize stover as soil mulch at a rate of: 0t/ha, 2t/ha, 4t/ha, 6t/ha and 8t/ha were applied in randomized complete block design with four replications from 2008 to 2011. Yield data was recorded during specific phenological stage of the plant. Result from the analysis of variance from the application of maize stover as soil mulch over years showed the presence of significant difference among treatments on bean yield of Arabica coffee. The highest bean yield (1070 kg/ha) and the lowest bean yield (520 kg/ha) were noted at 8 tons/ha and 0 ton/ha, respectively. Similarly, the pooled analysis of variance over seasons corroborated that the effect of maize stover as a soil mulch at a rate of 6t/ha and 8t/ha showed the presence of no significant difference on bean yield of coffee (p<0.05) The result of the present study also elucidated that, the unmulched control plots had the lowest coffee bean yield. While application of 8 tons/ha of maize stover as a soil mulch significantly increased coffee yield both in 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Therefore, on the basis of these results, it can be concluded that applying maize stover as soil mulch during the dry seasons at west Hararghe can help to sustain Arabica coffee production. Thus, it is recommended that application of 8tons/ha maize stover as soil mulch can significantly increase the yield of Arabica coffee and sustains its productivity over years.