nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Self evolving function link interval type 2 fuzzy neural network for nonlinear system identification and control
Venue: Neurocomputing
Year: 2018

Determining a network size for a fuzzy neural network structure is very important, and it is often difficult to obtain the most suitable value. This study develops a self evolving function link interval type 2 fuzzy neural network (SEFT2FNN) that autonomously constructs the rule base with the initial empty and the membership functions. The function link is applied to an interval type 2 fuzzy neural network to give a more accurate approximation of the function. The adaptive laws for the proposed system are derived using the steepest descent gradient approach. The stability of system was guaranteed using Lyapunov function approach. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is verified using the numerical simulations of the nonlinear system identification and the control of time varying plants.
Magnesium extrusion alloys: a review of developments and prospects
Year: 2019

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have received a significant interest in the past 20 years, owing to a nonlinearly increasing demand for lightweight structural materials. Magnesium extrusions alloys to date have had lower industrial uptake than their counterpart aluminium extrusion alloys, predominantly due to lower extrudability and formability, tension compression yield asymmetry and no clear advantage in the specific strength. Any improvement in extrusion alloy properties requires a better understanding of the effects of alloy composition and processing conditions; and how these dictate the final alloy microstructure. This review sheds insightful information on the processing microstructure property relationships of extruded magnesium alloys. Historical and recent progress in magnesium extrusion alloys is critically reviewed, including the advances in extrudability, mechanical properties and microstructural characterisation. The challenges associated with the 'gap' in properties between the magnesium and aluminium extrusion alloys are identified, and prospects discussed regarding the development of high performance magnesium extrusion alloys.
Noise detection in the meta learning level
Venue: Neurocomputing
Year: 2016

The presence of noise in real data sets can harm the predictive performance of machine learning algorithms. There are several noise filtering techniques whose goal is to improve the quality of the data in classification tasks. These techniques usually scan the data for noise identification in a preprocessing step. Nonetheless, this is a non trivial task and some noisy data can remain unidentified, while safe data can also be removed. The bias of each filtering technique influences its performance on a particular data set. Therefore, there is no single technique that can be considered the best for all domains or data distribution and choosing a particular filter is not straightforward. Meta learning has been largely used in the last years to support the recommendation of the most suitable machine learning algorithm(s) for a new data set. This paper presents a meta learning recommendation system able to predict the expected performance of noise filters in noisy data identification tasks. For such, a meta base is created, containing meta features extracted from several corrupted data sets along with the performance of some noise filters when applied to these data sets. Next, regression models are induced from this meta base to predict the expected performance of the investigated filters in the identification of noisy data. The experimental results show that meta learning can provide a good recommendation of the most promising filters to be applied to new classification data sets.
Integrated remote sensing GIS analysis of urban wetland potential for crop farming: a case study of Nekemte district, western Ethiopia
Venue: Environmental Earth Sciences
Year: 2019

Seasonal wetland crop farming plays a vital role in the lives of peoples of western Ethiopia. This study was aimed at the identification of potential wetlands suitable for crop farming in Nekemte district, western Ethiopia using GIS and remote sensing technology. Integrated remote sensing and GIS tools were used to generate and analyze the required wetland crop farming parameters. The parameters as existing land use/cover, terrain, soil, accessibility and available rivers parameters were extracted from satellite images, GPS surveys, Google map, DEM, FAO soil database, topographic sheets and the district's master plan. All the data layers were classified, standardized, weighted and combined using weighted overlay technique in the GIS environment. The result obtained showed that 199.8 ha of the wetlands were identified as highly suitable and 103.2 ha were investigated as marginally suitable. In view of assisting the decision makers, planners, investors and practitioners, a map of potential wetland for crop farming was produced.
Nanobody nuclear imaging allows noninvasive quantification of LAG 3 expression by tumor infiltrating leukocytes and predicts response of immune checkpoint blockade.
Venue: Journal of nuclear medicine official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
Year: 2021

Recent advances in the field of immune oncology led to the discovery of next generation immune checkpoints (ICPs) Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG 3) being the most widely studied amongst them, is being explored as a target for the treatment of cancer patients. Several antagonistic anti LAG 3 antibodies are being developed and are prime candidates for clinical application. Furthermore, validated therapies targeting CTLA 4, PD 1 or PD L1 showed that only subsets of patients respond. This finding highlights the need for better tools for patient selection and monitoring. The potential of molecular imaging to detect ICPs noninvasively in cancer is supported by several (pre)clinical studies. Here, we report on a nanobody to evaluate whole body LAG 3 expression in various syngeneic mouse cancer models using nuclear imaging. The radiolabeled nanobody detected LAG 3 expression on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as soon as 1 hour after injection in the MC38, MO4 and TC 1 cancer models. The nanobody tracer visualized a compensatory upregulation of LAG 3 on TILs in MC38 tumors of mice treated with PD 1 blocking antibodies. When PD 1 blockade was combined with LAG 3 blockade, a synergistic effect on tumor growth delay was observed. In conclusion, these findings consolidate LAG 3 as a next generation ICP and support the use of nanobodies as tools to noninvasively monitor the dynamic evolution of LAG 3 expression by TILs. This could be exploited to predict therapy outcome.
A Lower Bound for Byzantine Agreement and Consensus for Adaptive Adversaries using VDFs
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Large scale cryptocurrencies require the participation of millions of participants and support economic activity of billions of dollars, which has led to new lines of work in binary Byzantine Agreement (BBA) and consensus. The new work aims to achieve communication efficiency given such a large $n$ not everyone can speak during the protocol. Several protocols have achieved consensus with communication efficiency, even under an adaptive adversary, but they require additional strong assumptions proof of work, memory erasure, etc. All of these protocols use multicast: every honest replica multicasts messages to all other replicas. Under this model, we provide a new communication efficient consensus protocol using Verifiable Delay Functions (VDFs) that is secure against adaptive adversaries and does not require the same strong assumptions present in other protocols. A natural question is whether we can extend the synchronous protocols to the partially synchronous setting in this work, we show that using multicast, we cannot. Furthermore, we cannot achieve always safe communication efficient protocols (that maintain safety with probability 1) even in the synchronous setting against a static adversary when honest replicas only choose to multicast its messages. Considering these impossibility results, we describe a new communication efficient BBA protocol in a modified partially synchronous network model which is secure against adaptive adversaries with high probability.
INS AIDED 3D LIDAR SEAMLESS MAPPING IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT FOR FUTURE HIGH DEFINITION MAP
Venue: The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Year: 2019

With advances in computing and sensor technologies, onboard systems can deal with a large amount of data and achieve real time process continuously and accurately. In order to further enhance the performance of positioning, high definition map (HD map) is one of the game changers for future autonomous driving. Instead of directly using Inertial Navigation System and Global Navigation Satellite System (INS/GNSS) navigation solutions to conduct the Direct Geo referencing (DG) and acquiring 3D mapping information, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) relies heavily on environmental features to derive the position and attitude as well as conducting the mapping at the same time. In this research, the new structure is proposed to integrate the INS/GNSS into LiDAR Odometry and Mapping (LOAM) algorithm and enhance the mapping performance. The first contribution is using the INS/GNSS to provide the short term relative position information for the mapping process when the LiDAR odometry process is failed. The checking process is built to detect the divergence of LiDAR odometry process based on the residual from correspondences of features and innovation sequence of INS/GNSS. More importantly, by integrating with INS/GNSS, the whole global map is located in the standard global coordinate system (WGS84) which can be shared and employed easily and seamlessly. In this research, the designed land vehicle platform includes commercial INS/GNSS integrated product as a reference, relatively low cost and lower grade INS system and Velodyne LiDAR with 16 laser channels, respectively. The field test is conducted from outdoor to the indoor underground parking lot and the final solution using the proposed method has a significant improvement as well as building a more accurate and reliable map for future use.
Feeding hay rich in water soluble carbohydrates improves ruminal pH without affecting rumination and systemic health in early lactation dairy cows
Venue: Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
Year: 2019

Forages rich in water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) might be an ideal energy source during early lactation, as they provide both energy for milk production and structural fibre to promote chewing and rumen buffering. Thus, the aim was to investigate feeding strategies based on high quality hay rich in WSC with graded amounts of concentrate on ruminating behaviour, ruminal pH and systemic health variables. Twenty four Simmental cows were randomly allocated to four groups beginning 10 days before until 28 days after calving. Diets were 60LQH (60% fibre rich hay plus 40% concentrate) 60HQH, 75HQH and 100HQH (60% 75% and 100% high quality hay, plus 40% 25% and 0% concentrate, respectively) Hay qualities differed in contents of WSC (110 g vs. 198 g of dry matter [DM] neutral detergent fibre (646 g vs. 423 g of DM) and crude protein (65 g vs. 223 g of DM) Rumination was recorded using the Rumiwatch system over 4 days during the last week. Weekly serum samples were analysed for the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and g glutamyltransferase and the acute phase proteins serum amyloid A and haptoglobin. Four cows per group received a wireless pH sensor orally placed into the rumen one week before the expected calving date. Daily time spent chewing did not differ between groups. Likewise differences in minimum, maximum and mean pH values were not significant, but daily time of reticular pH <6 was longer in cows fed 60LQH compared to cows fed 100HQH (p 0.043) and in tendency to cows fed 75HQH or 60HQH (p 0.072 or p 0.086, respectively) Blood parameters were unaffected by diet. Accordingly the present results demonstrate that feeding hay rich in WSC helped stabilizing the reticuloruminal pH in early lactation dairy cows, even in combination with 40% concentrates in DM.
Frequency preference and attention effects across cortical depths in the human primary auditory cortex
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2015

To the best of our knowledge, our data provide the first imaging evidence compatible with columnar processing of sound frequency in the human auditory cortex. Our study depicts the human auditory cortex with unprecedented spatial detail and demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring submillimeter functional images outside visual/motor cortices, setting the stage for a wide range of research possibilities. Our results elucidate the role of cortical layers in bottom up and top down processing of sounds, and suggest that ongoing behavioral goals shape population based sound representations especially in superficial layers of A1 columns. These results may inform and improve computational models of auditory cortical processing and may be relevant for understanding neurological conditions that do not yet have an imaging "biomarker" (e.g. tinnitus) Columnar arrangements of neurons with similar preference have been suggested as the fundamental processing units of the cerebral cortex. Within these columnar arrangements, feed forward information enters at middle cortical layers whereas feedback information arrives at superficial and deep layers. This interplay of feed forward and feedback processing is at the core of perception and behavior. Here we provide in vivo evidence consistent with a columnar organization of the processing of sound frequency in the human auditory cortex. We measure submillimeter functional responses to sound frequency sweeps at high magnetic fields (7 tesla) and show that frequency preference is stable through cortical depth in primary auditory cortex. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in this highly columnar cortex task demands sharpen the frequency tuning in superficial cortical layers more than in middle or deep layers. These findings are pivotal to understanding mechanisms of neural information processing and flow during the active perception of sounds.
Neural Network Based Distributed Finite Time Tracking Control of Uncertain Multi Agent Systems With Full State Constraints
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

This paper addresses the distributed tracking control problem of pure feedback multi agent systems with full state constraints under a directed graph in finite time. By introducing the nonlinear mapping technique, the system with full state constraints is converted into the form without state constraints. Furthermore, by combining fractional dynamic surface and radial basis function neural networks, a novel finite time adaptive tracking controller is conducted recursively. In light of Lyapunov stability theory, it is proven that all signals of multi agent systems are semi globally uniformly ultimately bounded in finite time and the full states satisfy the constraints. Lastly, numerical simulations are supplied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Historical or hysterical? Periodising family breakdown in contemporary children's literature
Year: 2009

War and the publication of his classic book Child Care and the Growth of Love (1953) marked the beginning of the end of any possible continuing justification for this sort of neglect. Bowlby finally and irreversibly claimed parental love as an imperative for all children, with a similar importance to the presence of vitamins in nutrition. How ironic, therefore, that just at the time when all parents were faced for the first time with the psychological truth about their emotional as well as economic importance for their children, the family itself should become under ever increasing attack. A world where divorce was almost unheard of changed to a time when at least a third of children would experience family disruption. Inevitably children's fiction picked up on this, with the family now often seen as the problem rather than the solution where a child's happiness was the issue. In the new children's fiction that followed, parents however loving were seldom seen at their best when locked in marital conflict, with their children often shown as suffering as a result. There is also the problem, again frequently aired in children's fiction, posed by a new parent coming in as a replacement for someone not dead but simply departed. What price family loyalty now?
Fixing base for work clamping means
Year: 2007

The utility model relates to a fixture fixing seat, comprising a base which can be fixed on processing equipment, a fixture seat which can fix work piece fixture, a elevating mechanism, wherein, a first chute extending horizontally is arranged on the fixture seat; the first chute is provide with a first sliding block which can be in screw connection with the work piece fixture; the first sliding block can be kept in sliding state and fixed state; the fixture seat is fixed on the base through the elevating mechanism. Thus, the fixture can be fixed on different processing devices through adjusting the height and the traverse position of the fixture seat. The base is provided with an elevating seat which is provided with a first U shaped groove; a cylinder is inserted in the first U shaped groove; the wall of the first U shaped groove is in screw connection with a first fixing bolt which can be pressed against the side of the cylinder; a clamping jaw of the work piece which can be pressed is fixed on the piston rod of the cylinder; therefore, the clamping jaw can be pressed against the most favorable position on the work piece through adjusting the height and the angle of the cylinder.
Is it Fake? News Disinformation Detection on South African News Websites
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Disinformation through fake news is an ongoing problem in our society and has become easily spread through social media. The most costand time effective way to filter these large amounts of data is to use a combination of human and technical interventions to identify it. From a technical perspective, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is widely used in detecting fake news. Social media companies use NLP techniques to identify the fake news and warn their users, but fake news may still slip through undetected. It is especially a problem in more localised contexts (outside the United States of America) How do we adjust fake news detection systems to work better for local contexts such as in South Africa. In this work we investigate fake news detection on South African websites. We curate a dataset of South African fake news and then train detection models. We contrast this with using widely available fake news datasets (from mostly USA website) We also explore making the datasets more diverse by combining them and observe the differences in behaviour in writing between nations' fake news using interpretable machine learning.
HyperspaceFlow: A System Level Design Methodology for Smart Space
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing
Year: 2016

Smart space technology gains intensive attentions of the worldwide due to the advancement of pervasive computing. However, the design of smart space is inherently complex as it resides in highly varying environment with multiple devices, also the power consumption, cost, and user preference are usually ignored by designers, resulting in huge design cost, high power dissipation, and unsatisfactory user experience. In this paper, we present a system level design methodology for smart space, which is able to refine the function specification of smart space into underlying implementations leveraging an intermediate representation model HyperspaceFlow. The tasks in smart space are deposited into distributed execution platforms, and a network is automatically synthesized to satisfy their needs of communication at given QoS constraints. Meanwhile, the proposed design methodology is able to offer relatively satisfactory cost, power consumption, and user preference of the design solution at given constraints. At last, a home health care case is used to elucidate our design methodology, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our methodology.
ImageCLEF 2019: Multimedia Retrieval in Medicine, Lifelogging, Security and Nature
Venue: CLEF
Year: 2019

This paper presents an overview of the ImageCLEF 2019 lab, organized as part of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum CLEF Labs 2019. ImageCLEF is an ongoing evaluation initiative (started in 2003) that promotes the evaluation of technologies for annotation, indexing and retrieval of visual data with the aim of providing information access to large collections of images in various usage scenarios and domains. In 2019, the 17th edition of ImageCLEF runs four main tasks: (i) a medical task that groups three previous tasks (caption analysis, tuberculosis prediction, and medical visual question answering) with new data, (ii) a lifelog task (videos, images and other sources) about daily activities understanding, retrieval and summarization, (iii) a new security task addressing the problems of automatically identifying forged content and retrieve hidden information, and (iv) a new coral task about segmenting and labeling collections of coral images for 3D modeling. The strong participation, with 235 research groups registering, and 63 submitting over 359 runs, shows an important interest in this benchmark campaign.
Metacognitive reading strategies in learning disability: Relations between usage level, academic self efficacy and self concept
Year: 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the usage levels of metacognitive reading strategies by students diagnosed with specific learning disability (SLD) academic self efficacy and the concept of self, in comparison to their typically developing (TD) peers. The data to be used in the study were collected using the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory, the Academic Self efficacy Scale, the Piers Harris Children's Self concept Scale and the Demographics Information Form. The study was conducted among a total of 119 students in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades in Izmir Province, including 59 students diagnosed with SLD and 60 TD students. Considering the results of the study, in comparison to TD students, students diagnosed with SLD were significantly inadequate in terms of the usage levels of metacognitive reading strategies, levels of academic self efficacy, and the intelligence/school subdimensions of the concept of self.
The first example of glucose containing carbene Bronsted acid synthesis and catalysis: efficient synthesis of five substituted tetrahydropyridines
Year: 2015

D glucopyranosyl bisulfate [Bmim G (SO 3 H) 4 [HSO 4 I was synthesized for the first time and used as an efficient catalyst to prepare five substituted tetrahydropyridines via the three component condensation of aromatic aldehyde, aromatic aniline and ethyl acetoacetate in ethanol at 40 degC. Six bonds were cleaved while five new bonds and one new ring were formed in one pot with water as the only one by product in this highly atom economic reaction. The work opens up a new and efficient synthesis and application of sugar containing carbene Bronsted acid.