nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Socially Responsible AI Algorithms: Issues, Purposes, and Challenges
Venue: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Year: 2021

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks for oppression and calamity. Discussions about whether we should (re)trust AI have repeatedly emerged in recent years and in many quarters, including industry, academia, healthcare, services, and so on. Technologists and AI researchers have a responsibility to develop trustworthy AI systems. They have responded with great effort to design more responsible AI algorithms. However, existing technical solutions are narrow in scope and have been primarily directed towards algorithms for scoring or classification tasks, with an emphasis on fairness and unwanted bias. To build long lasting trust between AI and human beings, we argue that the key is to think beyond algorithmic fairness and connect major aspects of AI that potentially cause AI's indifferent behavior. In this survey, we provide a systematic framework of Socially Responsible AI Algorithms that aims to examine the subjects of AI indifference and the need for socially responsible AI algorithms, define the objectives, and introduce the means by which we may achieve these objectives. We further discuss how to leverage this framework to improve societal well being through protection, information, and prevention/mitigation. This article appears in the special track on AI Society.
Where Did All the Pathological Gamblers Go? Gambling Symptomatology and Stage of Change Predict Attrition in Longitudinal Research
Venue: Journal of Gambling Studies
Year: 2010

Attrition can introduce a systematic bias that can negatively affect validity (Cook and Campbell, Quasi experimentation: design and analysis issues for field settings. Rand McNally, Chicago, 1979) Current longitudinal research in gambling, however, has generally overlooked the reasons for attrition. The current research examined the relationship between pathological gambling symptomatology, stage of change and attrition. Three hundred and seventy nine participants were contacted 12 months after initially participating in a study on gambling for a follow up session. Logistic regression revealed those in the contemplation and preparation stages of change reported higher levels of pathological gambling symptomatology and were more likely to drop out of the study compared to those in the precontemplation stage. As predicted, gambling symptomatology mediated the relationship between stages of change and attrition. The implication for longitudinal research on gambling as well as extant findings that have used this methodological approach is discussed.
Thermal conductivity and thermo physical properties of nanodiamond attached exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride/epoxy nanocomposites for microelectronics
Year: 2017

This research focused on evaluating the thermal and physical properties of a composite reinforced with nanodiamonds and epitaxial boron nitride in an epoxy matrix. Nanodiamond attached exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride nanoplates were fabricated using 4,4' methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as the coupling agent. The morphology and structure of boron nitride (BN) exfoliated hexagonal BN nanoplates (EBN) and nanodiamond attached EBN nanoplates (NDEBN) were determined. Epoxy composites were fabricated by in situ polymerization and reinforced with various concentrations of either EBN or NDEBN nanoplates. These composites exhibited high thermal stability and high thermal conductivity, attributed to the exceptional thermal stability and thermal conductivity inherent in nanodiamond materials. In addition, inserting nanodiamond particles between BN layers prevented the BN nanosheet from forming agglomerates. We also found that nanodiamond particles improved dynamic mechanical properties by acting as a crack pinning role, which could restrict the molecular mobility of the epoxy.
Expected population weight and diabetes impact of the 1 peso per litre tax to sugar sweetened beverages in Mexico
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2017

What effect on body mass index, obesity and diabetes can we expect from the 1 peso per litre tax to sugar sweetened beverages in Mexico?  Using recently published estimates of the reductions in beverage purchases due to the tax, we modelled its expected long term impacts on body mass index (BMI) obesity and diabetes. Microsimulations based on a nationally representative dataset were used to estimate the impact of the tax on BMI and obesity. A Markov population model, built upon an age period cohort model of diabetes incidence, was used to estimate the impact on diagnosed diabetes in Mexico. To analyse the potential of tax increases we also modelled a 2 peso per litre tax scenario.  Ten years after the implementation of the tax, we expect an average reduction of 0.15 kg/m2 per person, which translates into a 2.54% reduction in obesity prevalence. People in the lowest level of socioeconomic status and those between 20 and 35 years of age showed the largest reductions in BMI and overweight and obesity prevalence. Simulations show that by 2030, under the current implementation of 1 peso per litre, the tax would prevent 86 to 134 thousand cases of diabetes. Overall, the 2 peso per litre scenario is expected to produce twice as much of a reduction. These estimates assume the tax effect on consumption remains stable over time. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of findings; similar results were obtained with various parameter assumptions and alternative modelling approaches. What this study adds The sugar sweetened beverages tax in Mexico is expected to produce sizable and sustained reductions in obesity and diabetes. Increasing the tax could produce larger benefits. While encouraging, estimates will need to be updated once data on direct changes in consumption becomes available.
Experimental Investigations of Axial Force Control for Friction Stir Welding Based on Multi Level Fuzzy Control
Venue: 2019 5th International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR)
Year: 2019

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising welding technology and is being extensively researched because it can produce high quality joints. However, attendant process variability such as improper clamping, uneven workpiece flatness and other process variations changes is known to lead to joints with inconsistent material properties. A large number of studies have indicated that axial force control can be used to achieve good welding quality. This work describes the development of a closed loop control system which is equipped with a custom real time wireless force dynamometer for friction stir welding. A multi level adaptive fuzzy PID control approach for maintaining constant axial force is designed. Implementation of the control scheme is conducted on a vertical milling machine configured for FSW using an open architecture controller. The experimental results demonstrate that the controller maintains the constant axial force and shows desirable dynamic behavior, even when the disturbance is encountered during the welding process.
A novel energy storage system incorporating electrically rechargeable liquid fuels as the storage medium
Venue: Science Bulletin
Year: 2019

We propose a novel concept of energy storage that incorporates electrically rechargeable liquid fuels made of electroactive species, known as e fuels, as the storage medium. This e fuel energy storage system comprises an e fuel charger and an e fuel cell. The e fuel charger electrically charges e fuels, while the e fuel cell subsequently generates electricity using charged e fuels whenever and wherever on demand. The e fuel energy storage system possesses all the advantages of conventional hydrogen storage systems, but unlike hydrogen, liquid e fuels are as easy and safe to store and transport as gasoline. The potential e fuel candidates have been identified to include inorganic electroactive materials, organic electroactive materials, and suspension of solid electroactive materials. In this work, we demonstrate an example e fuel energy storage system for large scale energy storage using inorganic e fuels composed of V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox couples, and compare the performance of the e fuel energy storage system with that of existing technologies. Results show that our e fuel charger achieves a charge efficiency of as high as ~94% while the e fuel cell is capable of delivering a peak power density of 3.4 W cm 2, which is 1.7 times higher than that of hydrogen fuel cells. More excitingly, the e fuel energy storage system exhibits a round trip efficiency of 80.0% and an electrolyte utilization of 83.0% at an ultra high discharge current density of 1,000 mA cm 2, which are 19.9% and 67.3% higher than those of conventional vanadium redox flow batteries. This unprecedented performance allows a 27.0% reduction in the capital cost of the e fuel energy storage system compared with that of vanadium redox flow batteries.
TRUSTING AND TRUSTED: DEVELOPING AND DEPLOYING MOBILE DEVICES TO SUPPORT IN PRISON LEARNING
Year: 2017

A post secondary qualification earned in prison has been noted as a factor in reducing rates of recidivism and contributing to improved prisoner behaviour. However, delivering higher education into prisons is a challenging process. In Australia, many higher education institutions prioritise online modes of delivery, and most jurisdictions prohibit prisoner access to the Internet. The lack of Internet access means that incarcerated students do not have the opportunity to experience learning in the same way as students who are not in prison. Digital technologies, including mobile devices, offer affordances in terms of providing the incarcerated student with a digital learning experience. From 2012 to 2017, a university research team in Australia has been trialling digital learning initiatives in 28 prisons across the country. The Making the Connection project aims to enhance the student learning experience using an offline learning management system and personal devices. Even so, introducing digital technology into prisons is a challenging process. Prisons have low levels of trust and strict security requirements. Digital technology must comply with jurisdictional constraints and correctional centre policies. Personal devices must be 'prison suitable' yet at the same time 'user friendly' for incarcerated students who traditionally do not have high levels of literacy, including digital literacy. Providing prisoners with mobile devices requires trust in two dimensions: researchers trust the prisoners to use and maintain the devices for learning purposes, and prisoners trust the researchers to provide a pedagogically appropriate learning tool. This paper reports on the complex process of preparing and deploying mobile technologies in Australian correctional centres.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 25 Structural Transformation and Poverty in Malawi: Decomposing the Effects of Occupational and Spatial Mobility
Year: 2018

This paper aims to identify the main drivers of poverty reduction in Malawi. Using an augmented poverty decomposition methodology, it explores in what way the different farm and non farm economic activities contribute to poverty reduction and income growth. The analysis also examines how household occupation and spatial mobility support both poverty reduction and household welfare improvements. Findings show that the increase in non farm self employment is the most significant contributor to poverty reduction overall, even though agriculture still exerts a considerable and positive influence, especially due to the size of the population involved and the observance of agricultural growth.
As the refugee crisis transforms the EU Turkey relationship, there are no easy choices for Greek foreign policy
Year: 2015

The EU Turkey summit of last Sunday cemented Turkey's status as an indispensable partner in the management of the refugee flows towards Europe in the eyes of EU leaders despite mounting concerns over the state of democracy in Turkey. To this end, the summit codified a broad array of rewards the EU will extend to Turkey should it actively assist in the refugee issue. Chief among them is the revival of Turkey's long stalled EU accession process.
La traduccion de indicios graficos en las peliculas de los anos 40. Sobre una coleccion de imagenes realizadas por Ramon de Banos
Year: 2019

espanolRamon de Banos, destacado cineasta de las primeras decadas del cine espanol, realizo en los anos cuarenta una serie de rotulos y traducciones de indicios graficos que hasta ahora no habian sido investigados. Este articulo presenta una muestra de estos documentos y analiza el papel que juegan en el estudio de la historia de la traduccion audiovisual en Espana. Estos materiales ineditos, conservados en el Museo de la Filmoteca Espanola, permiten repasar las circunstancias que rodearon las traducciones audiovisuales en la posguerra espanola e invitan a plantear nuevas preguntas en torno a la historia del doblaje en Espana. EnglishRamon de Banos, one of the most important pioneers of the Spanish cinema, made a series of letterings and graphic signs' translations in the forties that have not been researched so far. This article presents a sample of these documents and analyses the role they play in the study of the history of audiovisual translation in Spain. These unpublished materials, preserved in the Museo de la Filmoteca Espanola, enable us to review the circumstances that surrounded the audiovisual translations after the Spanish Civil war and invite us to set new questions about the history of dubbing in Spain.
The Politics of Religious Extremism in Pakistan: An Analysis
Venue: Review of Economics and Development Studies
Year: 2019

In this study, the connection between Islamic values and country policies has been carefully connected to the foundations that create political legitimating and the basic nature of a country. Islam performs a crucial part in the social fabric of Pakistan and has been integrated as the guiding concept for the constitutional procedure and governmental systems of the country but at the same time produced implicit stress for their future improvements. Various government authorities have used religious beliefs for their quest for governmental authenticity and power. This has consequently brought about politicization of spiritual explanation in Pakistan demonstrated in the form of sectarian disputes, persecution of spiritual unprivileged or disempowerment of certain spiritual organizations and management. Whereas controversy about interpreting religious identity continues pervading the Pakistani community, it is observed that large parts of the Pakistani inhabitants follow pluralistic types of Islam based on heterogeneous spiritual and devotional methods. Islamic political parties should cooperate on federal or provincial levels with national and local political parties to eliminate the religious extremism in Pakistan.
The Language of Fashion
Year: 2006

Preface I. Clothing History 1. History and Sociology of Clothing: Some Methodological Observations 2. Language andClothing 3. Towards a Sociology of Dress II. Systems and Structures 4. 'Blue is In Fashion This Year' A Note on Research into Signifying Units in Fashion Clothing 5. From Gemstones to Jewellery 6. Dandyism and Fashion 7.
Some novel design for RFID antennas and their performance enhancement with metamaterials
Year: 2007

In this paper we discuss a number of UHF/RFID tag designs including the hybrid loop (Chen and Hsu, International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Korea, Vol. 3, 2005, 1045 1048) dual crossed dipoles, the dual crossed dipoles utilizing an inductively coupled feed (Choo and Ling, Electron Lett 39 (2003) 3080 3081) We have carried out extensive parametric studies in the process of analyzing the characteristics of the earlier mentioned antennas, and have investigated several techniques (Choo and Ling, Electron Lett 39 (2003) 3080 3081) including meandering, for size reduction of these antennas. A design methodology based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented for the optimization of conformal antennas with Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) surfaces (Mittra,  2005, 325 328; Sievenpiper et al.  (1999) 2059 2074) to improve the antenna performance. The EBG characteristic is realized by utilizing a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) placed above a thin dielectric substrate backed by a metallic ground plane to act as an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) The antenna is then placed above the EBG surface to create a conformal integrated EBG antenna. The initial design of the AMC is carried out by synthesizing a surface whose reflectivity is +1, for a normally incident plane wave. However, since the antenna situated above it produces not just a single plane wave but a spectrum of these waves, it becomes necessary to refine the initial design to optimize the performance of the antenna/AMC composite, and techniques for doing this are discussed in the paper.
Analysis of gravity data to delineate structural features controlling the Eburru geothermal system in Kenya
Year: 2020

The gravity modeling of the Eburru was conducted in an attempt to delineate geological structures controlling the geothermal system and estimate the geothermal reservoir extent. A total of 375 data points were used and a Bouguer density of 2.27 g/cm3 to generate a complete Bouguer anomaly map of the area. Gravity data were separated into regional and residual components to enhance the structural features from the sedimentary and basement rocks in the study area. The gravity data were analyzed using gradient interpretation techniques for edge detection, such as horizontal derivative and an improved normalized horizontal tilt angle. For carrying out the three dimensional (3 D) modeling, a volume of 12 x 13 km and 5 km deep was selected. The model was constrained using the estimated densities of cuttings obtained from the drilled wells. This study presents the interpretation results of various gravity anomaly maps and 3 D inversion model. Interpretation of horizontal derivative and improved normalized horizontal tilt angle of gravity data indicate the existence of high gradient anomalies. The anomaly maps were used to identify several faults that compared well with the mapped faults. The 3 D model revealed a dense body interpreted as the geothermal reservoir with a volume of about 3.0 km3 and an average block density value of 2.45 g/cm3. The dense body which is a fractured zone overlies a high density body likely to be the heat source responsible for heating the reservoir. There appears to be a close relationship between the faults system and the geothermal reservoir. These faults serve as fluid pathways from deeper parts to shallow regions. The results obtained from this study will lead to an improved understanding of the geothermal system in the study area and aid the future geothermal exploration of the field.
Formulation de medicament topique aqueuse a liberation controlee et presentant une stabilite accrue
Year: 2015

La presente invention concerne une formulation de medicament topique et des procedes de preparation associes. Cette invention concerne en outre l'utilisation de ladite formulation medicamenteuse dans des compositions pharmaceutiques et des procedes de traitement de mammiferes. L'invention concerne egalement l'utilisation de ladite formulation medicamenteuse dans des compositions pharmaceutiques pour des applications dermatologiques et transdermiques. Plus specifiquement, la presente invention concerne une formulation de medicament a base aqueuse qui a une stabilite de stockage accrue et une liberation controlee de medicament lors de l'application. La presente invention concerne egalement des materiaux et des procedes utiles dans la creation de ces formulations de medicament.
Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Polymers Review Part 1: Volume of Production, Recycling Technologies, Legislative Aspects
Venue: Polymers
Year: 2021

The paper presents the current volume of international production and global markets of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites, also regarding the potential development trends. Examples were provided on how to effectively recycle carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Legally binding legislation in the EU on polymer composite recycling was given.
Carbon dioxide biofixation and lipid accumulation potential of an indigenous microalga Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kutzing GA 45 for biodiesel production
Year: 2016

The environmental precedence of the reduction of greenhouse gases catches the attention of researchers for CO2 biomitigation vis a vis biodiesel production using microalgae. In this study, a locally isolated microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kutzing GA 45 presented a biomass yield of 3.74 g L 1 with a concurrent lipid yield of 850 mg L 1 for a 16 day incubation period under 15% CO2 sparging at 0.6 vvm air flow in a photobioreactor system. These values were raised up to 7.01 and 1.69 g L 1, respectively, for biomass and lipid yield for 10 days incubation with 1% glucose under the above conditions. The maximum CO2 bio fixation rate was found to be as high as 0.77 g L 1 d 1. Moreover, under one week's biphasic nitrogen starvation, lipid content was boosted up to 43.9% of dry cell weight (dcw) with a yield of 2.0 g L 1. This yield can be projected to an areal lipid productivity of 180 tons per ha per year, and a CO2 biofixation rate of 1170 tons per ha per year with 200 algal ponds (size: 15 x 3 x 0.5 m) assuming 18 cultivation cycles per year. The GC MS study revealed that the test microalgal biodiesel was rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters >80% The fuel properties, viz. density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value, calorific value, cetane index, ash and water contents were analyzed, and found to be comparable with national and international biodiesel standards. This study thus demonstrated that the mixotrophic culture conditions followed by nitrogen starvation are superlative among all other conditions for obtaining high biomass and lipid yields with qualitative biodiesel production, and ensured the prospects of the test microalga S. obliquus (Turpin) Kutzing GA 45 for large scale exploitation.
THE SPECIFICS OF PROMOTING PRODUCTS WITH INFLUENCER MARKETING
Venue: Business Strategies
Year: 2019

Nowadays, competition is becoming tougher, companies have to invent new sales strategies to keep the consumer. At the moment, most corporations use Digital Marketing to explore the market and attract new customers. In this article we will consider one of the most effective methods of expanding the customer base, namely influencer marketing. Over the past few years, this technique has taken a leading position among marketers. Companies start conducts successful integration with popular individuals, which mainly leads to higher sales. In our article we will analyze what the essence of this method is, as well as analyze some examples of influencer marketing that helped companies in promoting their product or service on the market.