nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impossible Contract: The Political and Private Marriage of Nelson and Winnie Mandela
Venue: Journal of Southern African Studies
Year: 2019

Winnie and Nelson Mandela had one of the most iconic political marriages in history. For most commentators, this was a one sided marriage in which Nelson was by far the more significant actor and Winnie was the burden he had to bear. However, it is not possible to conceive of the public persona of Nelson Mandela after his imprisonment on Robben Island without also understanding Winnie's role, not merely as upholder of the family name but also in terms of the ways in which she built an independent career out of her position as Nelson's wife. This article reads the marriage at two levels. First, it argues that there were two actors in the marriage, both central to its narrations and both with political ideas and ambitions. Winnie Mandela was building a genealogy of heroic nationalism for herself from at least the 1960s, in parallel with that of her husband, and her rise to political status was both dependent on the marriage and at odds with its demands. Understanding Winnie as an actor, treating her own biography as seriously as that of Nelson, changes the way in which the marriage is read politically. Second, it draws on the small archive of letters between the spouses that are publicly available to show the ways in which Nelson's benevolent, patriarchal (albeit loving and compassionate) approach to his wife contrasted with her increasing independence and political power. The separation caused by almost three decades of imprisonment had done more than impose a physical and emotional absence. Their politics, too, had taken extremely divergent paths in which she became a representative of radical politics while he was positioned as reconciliatory visionary.
Deep Integration of Physical Humanoid Control and Crowd Navigation
Venue: MIG
Year: 2020

Many multi agent navigation approaches make use of simplified representations such as a disk. These simplifications allow for fast simulation of thousands of agents but limit the simulation accuracy and fidelity. In this paper, we propose a fully integrated physical character control and multi agent navigation method. In place of sample complex online planning methods, we extend the use of recent deep reinforcement learning techniques. This extension improves on multi agent navigation models and simulated humanoids by combining Multi Agent and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning. We train a single short term goal conditioned low level policy to provide directed walking behaviour. This task agnostic controller can be shared by higher level policies that perform longer term planning. The proposed approach produces reciprocal collision avoidance, robust navigation, and emergent crowd behaviours. Furthermore, it offers several key affordances not previously possible in multi agent navigation including tunable character morphology and physically accurate interactions with agents and the environment. Our results show that the proposed method outperforms prior methods across environments and tasks, as well as, performing well in terms of zero shot generalization over different numbers of agents and computation time.
Repercussion of Large Scale Hydro Dam Deployment: The Case of Congo Grand Inga Hydro Project
Year: 2018

The idea of damming the Congo River has persisted for decades. The Grand Inga project, of up to 42 GW power generation capacity, can only be justified as part of a regional energy master plan for Africa, to bridge the energy gap on the continent. Proponents of very large dams have often exaggerated potential multiple benefits of a mega dam, marginalise environmental concerns and neglect the true risk of such projects, in particular for the fragile economies of developing countries. Studies have reported the financial risks, cost overruns and schedule spills associated with very large dams. In addition, most of the dams in the region are poorly managed. Therefore, the type and scale of Grand Inga is not the solution for millions of not yet electrified people in Sub Saharan Africa. In this research, scenarios are defined based on announced costs and expected costs. Cost escalations in the range from 5% to 100% for the Inga project in 2030 and 2040 are considered, as average cost overruns are typically at about 70% or higher for similar mega dams. It was found that when the cost overrun for the Grand Inga project exceeds 35% and 5% for 2030 and 2040 assumptions, respectively, the project becomes economically non beneficial. In all scenarios, Sub Saharan Africa can mainly be powered by solar photovoltaics to cover the electricity demand and complemented by wind energy, supported by batteries. Hydropower and biomass based electricity can serve as complementary resources. The grid frequency stability of the power system is analysed and discussed in the paper. Benefits of the Inga hydropower project have to be increasingly questioned, in particular due to the fast cost decline of solar photovoltaics and batteries.
Packet Preprocessing in CNN Based Network Intrusion Detection System
Year: 2020

The proliferation of various connected platforms, including Internet of things, industrial control systems (ICSs) connected cars, and in vehicle networks, has resulted in the simultaneous use of multiple protocols and devices. Chaotic situations caused by the usage of different protocols and various types of devices, such as heterogeneous networks, implemented differently by vendors renders the adoption of a flexible security solution difficult, such as recent deep learning based intrusion detection system (IDS) studies. These studies optimized the deep learning model for their environment to improve performance, but the basic principle of the deep learning model used was not changed, so this can be called a next generation IDS with a model that has little or no requirements. Some studies proposed IDS based on unsupervised learning technology that does not require labeled data. However, not using available assets, such as network packet data, is a waste of resources. If the security solution considers the role and importance of the devices constituting the network and the security area of the protocol standard by experts, the assets can be well used, but it will no longer be flexible. Most deep learning model based IDS studies used recurrent neural network (RNN) which is a supervised learning model, because the characteristics of the RNN model, especially when the long short term memory (LSTM) is incorporated, are better configured to reflect the flow of the packet data stream over time, and thus perform better than other supervised learning models such as convolutional neural network (CNN) However, if the input data induce the CNN's kernel to sufficiently reflect the network characteristics through proper preprocessing, it could perform better than other deep learning models in the network IDS. Hence, we propose the first preprocessing method, called "direct" for network IDS that can use the characteristics of the kernel by using the minimum protocol information, field size, and offset. In addition to direct, we propose two more preprocessing techniques called "weighted" and "compressed" Each requires additional network information; therefore, direct conversion was compared with related studies. Including direct, the proposed preprocessing methods are based on field to pixel philosophy, which can reflect the advantages of CNN by extracting the convolutional features of each pixel. Direct is the most intuitive method of applying field to pixel conversion to reflect an image's convolutional characteristics in the CNN. Weighted and compressed are conversion methods used to evaluate the direct method. Consequently, the IDS constructed using a CNN with the proposed direct preprocessing method demonstrated meaningful performance in the NSL KDD dataset.
Development of Mathematical Thinking through Integration of Ethnomathematic Folklore Game in Math Instruction
Year: 2017

In light of all the difficulties and challenges facing us today in improving math education, questions arise regarding how to develop students' mathematical thinking and conception, how to increase student motivation to learn math, how to improve achievement in math, and how to maintain an interesting, enjoyable, and successful learning process in math. In this paper we will present one solution to these questions according to the ethnomathematical approach, which combines culture and math instruction: the integration of ethnomathematical folklore games in the instruction of math. On this background, the proposed paper will discuss the following issues: (1) the definition and essence of ethnomathematics; (2) the historical development of the ethnomathematical approach; (3) the political aspect of ethnomathematics; (4) Lev Vigotsky's constructivist theory and its relation to ethnomathematics; (5) the importance of developing a curriculum that integrates cultural values; (6) the contributions of an ethnomathematical curriculum; (7) various approaches regarding the ethnomathematical curricula; (8) proposals for the development of ethnomathematical curricula; (9) What is a mathematical game; (10) Discussion; (11) Summary and suggestions.
Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity?
Year: 2006

Creating an environment in which children in the United States grow up healthy should be a high priority for the nation. Yet the prevailing pattern of food and beverage marketing to children in America represents, at best, a missed opportunity, and at worst, a direct threat to the health prospects of the next generation. Childrena (TM)s dietary and related health patterns are shaped by the interplay of many factorsa "their biologic affinities, their culture and values, their economic status, their physical and social environments, and their commercial media environmentsa "all of which, apart from their genetic predispositions, have undergone significant transformations during the past three decades. Among these environments, none have more rapidly assumed central socializing roles among children and youth than the media. With the growth in the variety and the penetration of the media have come a parallel growth with their use for marketing, including the marketing of food and beverage products. What impact has food and beverage marketing had on the dietary patterns and health status of American children? The answer to this question has the potential to shape a generation and is the focus of Food Marketing to Children and Youth. This book will be of interest to parents, federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals, industry companies, industry trade groups, media, and those involved in community and consumer advocacy.
Gibson, B. E. Rehabilitation: A Post critical Approach
Venue: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
Year: 2016

This is the first edition of Rehabilitation: A Post critical Approach authored by Barbara Gibson from the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Toronto. The author is a physical therapist who has a doctorate in bioethics. Applying her education and training in physical therapy and bioethics, Gibson employs postmodern and post critical theories to reevaluate and challenge the core concepts and philosophical foundations of rehabilitation. To achieve the stated purpose of this book, the author uses movement literally and as a metaphor for ways to reform and change rehabilitation. In this first chapter, Gibson describes the post critical approach as a process that challenges the prevailing principles, practices, and assumptions supporting Western science and rehabilitation. She makes frequent references to philosophers such as Kant, Marx, Hegel and Nietzsche and theorists such as Foucault to support her approach to reexamining modern day rehabilitation.  A Post critical Approach is organized into seven chapters; namely, Moving Rehabilitation, Disability/Normality, Quality of Life, Development, In/dependence, Mobilities, and Re Forming Rehabilitation. Each chapter critically reviews and challenges current rehabilitation practices and principles. However, the author insinuates liberal philosophical viewpoints into the discussion that at times appear politically driven and biased. While Gibson's descriptions of modern practices are factual and well referenced, her analyses lack scientific rigor and are theoretical; thereby limiting their application and value to real world practice. Additionally the writing style is at times unclear, which is compounded by the fact that there are no tables or figures to facilitate the reader's understanding of complex information and arguments. Overall,  A Post critical Approach is a hypothesis generating, theoretical book. As such, it has limited value for busy practitioners striving to provide high quality patient care and optimal outcomes on a dayto day basis. Indeed, this book was not published for those seeking pragmatic solutions to everyday clinical problems. Conversely, this book might be of interest to a select number of health care professionals seeking to explore the philosophical limitations of biomedicine, identify new approaches to rehabilitation, and ponder ethical issues in rehabilitation.
Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25
Year: 2013

Bab 1 Skala Pengukuran dan Metode Analisis Data Bab 2 Pengnalan Program SPSS, Aplikasi Statistik Deskriptif dan Crosstab. Bab 3 Data Screening dan Transformasi data Bab 4 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Suatu Konstruk Bab 5 Uji Beda, ANOVA, ANCOVA dan MANOVA Bab 6 Analisis Regresi Bab 7 Uji Asumsi Klasik Bab 8 Regresi dengan Asumsi Klasik, Variabel Dummy dan Chow test Bab 9 Model Regresi dengan Bentuk Fungsional Bab 10 Analisis Regresi Moderasi Bab 11 Regresi dengan Variabel Mediator Bab 12 Regresi dengan Variabel Moderator Bab 13 Analisis Diskriminan Bab 14 Logistic Regression Bab 15 Korelasi Kanonikal Bab 16 Analisis Conjoint Bab 17 Analisis Faktor Bab 18 Analisis Kluster Bab 19 Multidimensional Scaling Bab 20 Loglinear Analisis
Assessing the applied anatomy knowledge of medical students: the effect of visual resources on preparing them to become new doctors
Year: 2017

Anatomical examinations are timed examinations that assess topographical and/or applied knowledge of anatomy with or without the inclusion of visual resources i.e. cadaveric resources, cadaveric images, radiology and/or clinical findings images. Although advances in the multimedia learning theories have led to greater understanding of how we process textual and visual material during learning, the evidence with regard to the use of illustrations within written assessments is scarce. This study investigates whether the presence or absence of images (cadaveric, clinical findings and radiological images) within clinically oriented single best answer questions has a significant influence on medical students' performance. A questionnaire was also included to determine the effect of students' characteristics and preferences in learning and assessments on their performance. Second year medical students (n=175) from six UK medical schools participated voluntarily. All questions were categorised as to whether their stimulus format was purely textual or included an associated image. The type of images and deep components of images (whether the question is referring to a bone or soft tissue on the image) was also taken into consideration. Further investigation was carried out on the question difficulty and the regional anatomy of the questions. These examination scores were then analysed along with students' responses collected on the questionnaire. This was further illustrated with students' feedback. The study demonstrates that inclusion of images, the deep component of an image, question difficulty and regional anatomy impact students' performance. Moreover, students' preferences play an important role in their performance. Anatomical and radiological images are critical in the medical profession in investigating and examining a patient's anatomy, and this study set out a way to understand the effects of these images on commonly employed written assessments. This study has shown that image factors and student factors impact on the students' performance. Further research is needed to refine these examinations.
ON IMPROVEMENT OF LED LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY THROUGH A MICRO REPEATING STRUCTURE
Year: 2015

This paper explains the method used by researchers to improve Light Emitting Diode (LED) extraction efficiency. It also summarizes the works of different researchers on the improvement in light extraction efficiency (LEE) of an LED. In current practice, a commonality was observed where many researchers tried to improve LEE through the use of micro repeating structures (MRS) MRS comes in the shape of pyramid, lens, cylinder, perforated holes or a combination of a few random shapes. The LEE of an LED could be improved by placing a uniformly aligned or abruptly patterned MRS onto the LED surface in the desired area of projection. This review looks at the possibility of using mesoporous thin film (MTF) with ordered pore to improve LEE due to the presence of uniform MRS (a structure which consists of silica and air array)
Effect of Tip Clearance on Hydraulic Performance of Water jet Pump
Year: 2017

The k o Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model is adopted to study the hydrodynamic performance of the water jet axial pump which is applied in Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) The numerical simulation of the whole passage of the water jet pump is carried out for four different tip clearance with d 0.3 mm, d 0.8 mm, d 1 mm and d 1.4 mm. And the results, in term of external characteristics and internal flow field, show that, due to the tip leakage flow, the leakage vortex is formed behind the blade after the fluid flows over the impeller blades. Moreover, with the expansion of tip clearance, the head and efficiency of the water jet pump will be affected, and this impact is weakened with the increase of the flow rate. Finally, the suggestion of structure optimization of water jet pump can be made.
Perceived quality of life and living arrangements among older rural South Africans: do all households fare the same? CORRIGENDUM
Venue: Ageing and Society
Year: 2018

The original article referred to F. Xavier Gomez Olive as part of the Department of African American Studies and Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA, which is incorrect. In fact, Dr Gomez Olive is part of the MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
A Spectral Characterization of the S Clique Extension of the Triangular Graphs
Venue: Discuss. Math. Graph Theory
Year: 2020

A regular graph is co edge regular if there exists a constant u such that any two distinct and non adjacent vertices have exactly u common neighbors. In this paper, we show that for integers s 2 and n large enough, any co edge regular graph which is cospectral with the s clique extension of the triangular graph T (n) is exactly the s clique extension of the triangular graph T (n)
Emerging Technologies: Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in the Realisation of Vision 2030 Goals in the Counties
Year: 2013

The Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) heralds a new convergence of aeronautics, robotics, control and mechatronics. The technology is expected to find numerous unforeseen applications, much in the same way as the mobile phone technology has revolutionised the way people work and socialise in the early 21 st century. The main segmentation for applications of UAS are in Energy; Agriculture, forestry and fisheries; Earth Observation and Remote Sensing; Communication and Broadcasting; Fire fighting and others. This paper proposes a roadmap for the integration of Unmanned Aerial Systems into the economy in the realisation of Vision 2030 goals in the counties in Kenya. A background study is carried out followed by structured interviews with key industry players. The direct benefit to adopting UAV technology is found to have an annual value of US$ 24,265,882. This is in addition to the potential for job creation and other downstream economic benefits.
Predicting the Energy Consumption of CUDA Kernels using SimGrid
Venue: 2020 IEEE 32nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC PAD)
Year: 2020

Building a sustainable Exascale machine is a very promising target in High Performance Computing (HPC) To tackle the energy consumption challenge while continuing to provide tremendous performance, the HPC community have rapidly adopted GPU based systems. Today, GPUs have became the most prevailing components in the massively parallel HPC landscape thanks to their high computational power and energy efficiency. Modeling the energy consumption of applications running on GPUs has gained a lot of attention for the last years. Alas, the HPC community lacks simple yet accurate simulators to predict the energy consumption of general purpose GPU applications. In this work, we address the prediction of the energy consumption of CUDA kernels via simulation. We propose in this paper a simple and lightweight energy model that we implemented using the open source framework SimGrid. Our proposed model is validated across a diverse set of CUDA kernels and on two different NVIDIA GPUs (Tesla M2075 and Kepler K20Xm) As our modeling approach is not based on performance counters or detailed architecture parameters, we believe that our model can be easily approved by users who take care of the energy consumption of their GPGPU applications.
Token Based Platform Finance
Year: 2020

We develop a dynamic model of platform economy where tokens derive value by facilitating transactions among users and the platform conducts optimal token supply policy. Token supply increases when new tokens are issued to finance platform growth and to reward platform owners. Token supply decreases when the platform buys back tokens to boost the franchise value (seigniorage) Although token price is endogenously determined in a liquid market, the platform's financial constraint generates an endogenous token issuance cost that causes under investment and conflicts of interest between insiders (owners) and outsiders (users) Blockchain technology improves efficiency by enabling commitment to predetermined rules of token supply that address the platform owners' time inconsistency and thereby mitigates under investment.<br><br>Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at <a href="http:/www.nber.org/papers/#119;27810" TARGET="_blank">www.nber.org</a><br>
Automobile loaded cup holder assembly and automobile
Year: 2016

The invention discloses an automobile loaded cup holder assembly and an automobile.The automobile loaded cup holder assembly comprises a cup holder, a heat conduction piece and a cooling element.The cup holder is provided with a containing cavity for containing a cup, the heat conduction piece is arranged at the bottom of the containing cavity, and the cooling element and the heat conduction piece are connected in a mode of being capable of conducting heat conduction.According to the automobile loaded cup holder assembly, the cup can be placed in the containing cavity and located on the heat conduction piece, when the cooling element works, the temperature of the heat conduction piece can be lowered to cool liquid in the cup, and thus it is convenient for a user to drink cooled liquid in the automobile at any time.