nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Communication between Pilots and Air Traffic Control Between Norms and Realities of Linguistic Usage
Year: 2014

The domain of air traffic control is the perfect example for the analysis of a linguistic norm. In this field, phraseology is a specialised language created to cover the most common situations encountered in air navigation in order to secure and optimise radiotelephony communications. When phraseology proves inadequate, a more natural form of language, called plain language, is required: it was recently introduced in the field and is a difficult notion to implement. A comparative analysis between a reference corpus and a real communication corpus allows the description and categorisation of different types of variations used on the radio frequency as well as a discussion on the notions of norm and usage in the field of air traffic control.
Genomic Tools for Environmental Epigenetics and Implications for Public Health.
Venue: Current opinion in toxicology
Year: 2019

Epigenetics refers to the study of mitotically heritable and potentially reversible changes in gene expression unrelated to the DNA sequence itself, influenced by epigenetic marks including chromatin modifications, non coding RNA and alterations to DNA itself via methylation and hydroxymethylation. Epigenetics has taken center stage in the study of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration; however, its integration into the field of environmental health sciences and toxicology (e.g. Toxicoepigenetics) is in its infancy. This review highlights the need to evaluate surrogate and target tissues in the field of toxicoepigenetics as the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) multi phased Toxicant Exposure and Response by Genomic and Epigenomic Regulators of Transcription (TaRGET) consortia make headway, and the emergence of non coding RNA biomarkers. The review also discusses lead (Pb) as a potential toxicoepigenetic exposure, where pre and post natal Pb exposure is associated with reprogramming of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression, representing potential biomarkers or predictors for Pb induced health outcomes. Finally, new advances in epigenome editing, highlighting the potential of small ncRNA, will be explored for environmental health sciences research.
Gendered distribution of 'knowledge required for empowerment' in Swedish vocational education curricula?
Year: 2018

Sweden is internationally commended for a high degree of gender equality, but many divisions in Swedish society, including the labour market, disadvantage women. This paper addresses gendered divisions of preparation for civic participation in the vocational upper secondary national curricula, which may participate in reproduction of the pattern. In a comparative analysis of the curriculum guidelines for different vocational upper secondary programmes, we focus on the inclusion of important knowledge for empowerment and how knowledge is contextualised in terms of valued labour positions. We deploy Bernstein's concepts of horizontal and vertical discourse and Connell's concepts of production, consumption and gendered accumulation. A general finding is that vertical discourse is contextualised towards discourses of consumption in girl dominated programmes and towards discourses of production in boy dominated programmes. Boy dominated programmes include more knowledge that can be clearly classified in recognised disciplines or fields, whereas girl dominated programmes include courses of undefined knowledge, such as creativity and entrepreneurship. We conclude that the vocational curricula reinforce rather than challenge existing gender structures in the labour market and wider society. In a historical perspective, it can be concluded that Swedish vocational education policy has a continuum of 'gender blindness' and thus confirming with wider norms.
Co regulated expression of TGF b Variants and miR 21 in bladder cancer.
Venue: Urology journal
Year: 2013

To investigate a potential alteration in the expression levels of transforming growth factor b (TGF b) and miR 21 in bladder cancer tissues.  Using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, we examined a potential correlated expression of miR 21 and TGF b variants in 30 bladder tumors and their marginal/non tumor biopsy specimens obtained from the same patients.  Our data revealed a significant down regulation of TGF b variants (P .03) along with a non significant alteration in the expression of miR 21 in tumor vs. non tumor samples. However, in contrast to low grade tumors, the expression of miR 21 was upregulated in high grade ones, and the expression level can efficiently discriminate low grade tumors from high grade ones (P .03)  In accordance to the observed similarity between TGF b variants and miR 21 gene expression alterations in bladder tumors, treating 5637 bladder cancer cell line with TGF b recombinant protein caused a significant upregulation of miR 21. The later finding further confirmed a correlated expression of TGF b and miR 21 in bladder tumors.
Modelling non invasive brain stimulation in cognitive neuroscience
Venue: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews
Year: 2013

Non invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a method for the study of cognitive function that is quickly gaining popularity. It bypasses the correlative approaches of other imaging techniques, making it possible to establish a causal relationship between cognitive processes and the functioning of specific brain areas. Like lesion studies, NIBS can provide information about where a particular process occurs. However, NIBS offers the opportunity to study brain mechanisms beyond process localisation, providing information about when activity in a given brain region is involved in a cognitive process, and even how it is involved. When using NIBS to explore cognitive processes, it is important to understand not only how NIBS functions but also the functioning of the neural structures themselves. We know that NIBS techniques have the potential to transiently influence behaviour by altering neuronal activity, which may have facilitatory or inhibitory behavioural effects, and these alterations can be used to understand how the brain works. Given that NIBS necessarily involves the relatively indiscriminate activation of large numbers of neurons, its impact on a neural system can be easily understood as modulation of neural activity that changes the relation between noise and signal. In this review, we describe the mutual interactions between NIBS and brain activity and provide an updated and precise perspective on the theoretical frameworks of NIBS and their impact on cognitive neuroscience. By transitioning our discussion from one aspect (NIBS) to the other (cognition) we aim to provide insights to guide future research.
Governance of IS Security in a Cloud Computing Ecosystem: A Longitudinal Approach
Year: 2020

This research proposes an analysis of IS governance in three phases: pre adoption, the adoption and post adoption of cloud computing. This approach aims to highlight the different artefacts and key concepts of security governance in a cloud computing ecosystem. It is necessary to ask the question: Which solution to choose? It is also important to differentiate between three key artefacts: data as an asset, the cloud solution as a system, and the service provider as an actor to understand their relationship with the enterprise.
Sex differences in drug abuse
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Year: 2008

Sex differences are present for all of the phases of drug abuse (initiation, escalation of use, addiction, and relapse following abstinence) While there are some differences among specific classes of abused drugs, the general pattern of sex differences is the same for all drugs of abuse. Females begin regularly self administering licit and illicit drugs of abuse at lower doses than do males, use escalates more rapidly to addiction, and females are at greater risk for relapse following abstinence. In this review, sex differences in drug abuse are discussed for humans and in animal models. The possible neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating these sex differences are discussed.
Adaptive free cylindrical mixture model for foreground estimation in rapidly fluctuating dynamic background conditions
Venue: 2015 IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS)
Year: 2015

A novel method of modelling pixel distributions for foreground detection in rapidly fluctuating dynamic background conditions is presented in this paper. A comprehensive study of the characteristics of pixel behaviour in videos of backgrounds in clear water under natural lighting conditions has been presented in this work. Videos from real world situations such as in swimming pools and ponds where foreground detection is important were analyzed and it was identified that the distributions of pixel intensity values in a single pixel appear to form cylindrical clusters in RGB space. Therefore, in order to model the highly dynamic rapidly fluctuating background scenes in aquatic conditions, a novel cylindrical model is proposed where the axis is freed to allow for the high dynamism. An adaptive free cylindrical mixture model (AFCMM) which learns the directions of orientation of the clusters using an eigenanalysis based approach, is proposed for foreground detection in aquatic conditions. The results from foreground estimation in a swimming pool using the adaptive Gaussian mixture model and the proposed AFCMM have been compared and it has been shown that the latter provides an improved estimate of the foreground while demonstrating its effectiveness as a better descriptor for the pixel dynamics under such conditions.
Increasing predation risk with light reduces speed, exploration and visit duration of invasive ship rats (Rattus rattus)
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2019

Exploiting predation cues to deter pests remains an untapped management tool for conservationists. We examined foraging and movement patterns of 20 wild ship rats (Rattus rattus) within a large, outdoor 'U maze' that was either illuminated or dark to assess if light (an indirect predation cue) could deter rodents from ecologically vulnerable locations. Light did not alter rats' foraging behaviour (latency to approach seed tray, visits to seed tray, time per visit to seed tray, total foraging duration, foraging rate) within the experimental resource patch but three of seven movement behaviours were significantly impaired (53% fewer visits to the maze, 70% less exploration within the maze, 40% slower movement within the maze) The total time males spent exposed to illumination also declined by 45 minutes per night, unlike females. Individual visits tended to be longer under illumination, but the latency to visit and the latency to cross through the U maze were unaffected by illumination. Elevating predation risk with illumination may be a useful pest management technique for reducing ship rat activity, particularly in island ecosystems where controlling mammalian predators is paramount to preserving biodiversity.
Extending compassion towards the self versus fearing self compassion: Which is advantageous for young women athletes' psychological flourishing in sport?
Year: 2013

Emerging findings suggest that relating to oneself compassionately (i.e. self compassion; Neff, 2003) is associated with young women athletes' psychological flourishing (Ferguson et al. 2011) However, athletes have expressed reservations about fully embracing self compassion and are hesitant to give up self criticism (Ferguson et al. 2013; Mosewich et al. 2013) We explored relations among self compassion, fear of self compassion, self criticism, and psychological flourishing in sport among young women athletes (N 137; Mage 19.04 years) Self compassion was negatively related (all p .05) to self critical reactions in challenging sport situations (r .53) and positively related to indices of psychological flourishing in sport, such as autonomy, body appreciation, and vitality (rs .20 .48) In contrast, fear of self compassion was positively associated with self critical reactions in sport (r .42) and negatively associated with flourishing in sport (rs .20 .41) Data were consistent with models of mediation whereby (1) self compassion linked to greater flourishing through decreased self criticism (Rs .06 .07) and (2) fear of self compassion negatively linked with flourishing through greater self criticism (Rs .07 .09) Findings support claims that self critical people have a fear of being kind and affiliative to themselves (Gilbert et al. 2011) which is important given that extending compassion toward the self may facilitate psychological flourishing in sport. Future research is needed to explore how athletes can overcome fears of self compassion, and identify mechanisms that explain how self compassion might contribute to flourishing in sport. Supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
4 1BB Agonism Combined With PD L1 Blockade Increases the Number of Tissue Resident CD8+ T Cells and Facilitates Tumor Abrogation
Venue: Frontiers in Immunology
Year: 2020

Although the milestone discovery of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been translated into clinical practice, only a fraction of patients can benefit from it with durable responses and subsequent long term survival. Here, we tested the anti tumor effect of combining PD L1 blockade with 4 1BB costimulation in 3LL and 4T1.2 murine tumor models. Dual treatment induced further tumor regression and enhanced survival in tumor bearing mice more so than PD L1 and 4 1BB mAb alone. It was demonstrated that dual anti PD L1/anti 4 1BB immunotherapy increased the number of intratumoral CD103+CD8+ T cells and altered their distribution. Phenotypically, CD103+CD8+ T cells expressed a higher level of 4 1BB and PD 1 than their CD103 counterparts. Administration of PD L1 mAb and 4 1BB mAb further increased the cytolytic capacity of CD103+CD8+ T cells. In vivo, CD103 CD8+ T cells could differentiate into CD103+CD8+ progeny cells. In a human setting, more CD8+ T cells differentiated into CD103+CD8+ T cells in the peripheral tumor region of lung cancer tissues than in the central tumor region. Collectively, infiltrated CD103+CD8+ T cells served as a potential effector T cell population. Combining 4 1BB agonism with PD L1 blockade could increase tumor infiltrated CD103+CD8+T cells, thereby facilitating tumor regression.
FeCoNi Alloy as Noble Metal Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
Year: 2017

The development of efficient and durable noble metal free electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desired in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) based water electrolysis and metal air batteries but still remains a challenge. In this paper, we employ co precipitation method to prepare layered double hydroxides followed by calcination to synthesize nanoalloy catalyst, which was further characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)and x ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As a novel OER electrocatalyst, the FeCoNi alloy catalyst shows remarkable OER activity enhancement with an overpotential of only 400 mV and a low Tafel slope 72 mV dec 1. This work offers a unique paradigm for the synthesis of competitive electrocatalyst for OER with excellent durability under alkaline condition.
Nonsurgical fertility control for managing free roaming dog populations: a review of products and criteria for field applications.
Venue: Theriogenology
Year: 2013

About 75% of dogs worldwide are free to roam and reproduce, thus creating locally overabundant populations. Problems caused by roaming dogs include diseases transmitted to livestock and humans, predation on livestock, attacks on humans, road traffic accidents, and nuisance behavior. Nonsurgical fertility control is increasingly advocated as more cost effective than surgical sterilization to manage dog populations and their impact. The aims of this review were to 1) analyze trends in numbers of scientific publications on nonsurgical fertility control for dogs; 2) illustrate the spectrum of fertility inhibitors available for dogs; 3) examine how differences between confined and free roaming dogs might affect the choice of fertility inhibitors to be used in dog population management; and 4) provide a framework of criteria to guide decisions regarding the use of nonsurgical fertility control for dog population management. The results showed that the 117 articles published between 1982 and 2011 focussed on long term hormonal contraceptives, such as gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, immunocontraceptives, and male chemical sterilants. The number of articles published biennially increased from one to five papers produced in the early 1980s to 10 to 20 in the past decade. Differences between confined dogs and free roaming dogs include reproduction and survival as well as social expectations regarding the duration of infertility, the costs of sterilization, and the responsibilities for meeting these costs. These differences are likely to dictate which fertility inhibitors will be used for confined or free roaming dogs. The criteria regarding the use of fertility control for dog population management, presented as a decision tree, covered social acceptance, animal welfare, effectiveness, legal compliance, feasibility, and sustainability. The review concluded that the main challenges for the future are evaluating the feasibility, effectiveness, sustainability, and effects of mass nonsurgical sterilization campaigns on dog population size and impact as well as integrating nonsurgical fertility control with disease vaccination and public education programs.
Research on the Performance Evaluation of Green and Low Carbon Industrial Development in Gansu Province
Year: 2020

Having rich natural resources and important strategic location, Gansu province was deployed with a large number of key industries after the liberation of the country. However, most of these industries have high carbon and high emission, which not only cause more serious damage to the already fragile ecological environment, but also restrict the green and low carbon development of industry in Gansu province. Based on the analysis of the status quo of industrial green and low carbon development in Gansu province, this paper evaluates the performance of industrial green and low carbon development in recent 10 years, and then puts forward the countermeasures for green and low carbon development.
3D object tracking in driving environment: A short review and a benchmark dataset
Venue: 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)
Year: 2016

Research in autonomous driving has matured significantly with major automotive companies making important efforts to have their autonomous or highly automated cars available in the near future. As driverless cars move from laboratories to complex real world environments, the perception capabilities of these systems to acquire, model and interpret the 3D spatial information must become more robust. Object tracking is one of the challenging problems of autonomous driving in 3D dynamic environments. Although different approaches are proposed for object tracking with demonstrated success in driving environments, it is very difficult to evaluate and compare them because they are defined with various constraints and boundary conditions. The appearance modeling for object tracking in the driving environments, using a multimodal perception system of autonomous cars and advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) and the evaluation of such object trackers are the research focus of this paper. A benchmark dataset, called 3D Object Tracking in Driving Environment (3D OTD) is also proposed to facilitate the evaluation of object appearance modeling in object tracking methods.
Western Blot Techniques.
Venue: Methods in molecular biology
Year: 2017

The Western blot is an important laboratory technique that allows for specific identification and characterization of proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) separated proteins are electophoretically transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane which is then incubated with specific antibodies, then developed to show the protein of interest. Here, we describe the transfer and detection of Outer surface protein A (OspA) a protein only found on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease.
Introducing the Corpus of the Canon of Western Literature: A corpus for culturomics and stylistics
Year: 2017

This paper introduces the Corpus of the Canon of Western Literature (Version 1.0) accompanied by a demonstration of its potential uses. The canon of western literature has been an important construct in the study of literature, long standing and long contested. It has been argued to represent many of the greatest works produced in the history of western literature. This corpus operationalizes the western canon based on Harold Bloom's The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages (1994) The paper describes the development of the corpus, its organization and source material. Corpus procedures are applied to the corpus, such as word frequency analysis, lemmatization and keyness, to demonstrate its potential uses in culturomics and corpus stylistics, two interdisciplinary fields between the traditional and digital humanities, and the linguistic and literary approaches to literature. Culturomics is the study of culture and social psychology via the investigation of corpora of literature as cultural artefacts, while corpus stylistics is the application of corpus linguistics to traditional literary scholarship. The corpus introduced in this paper is open source and freely available.
Joint Precoding Optimization for Secure SWIPT in UAV Aided NOMA Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Communications
Year: 2020

Combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is deemed as an promising solution to achieving massive connectivity in future wireless networks. In this paper, a UAV aided NOMA scheme is proposed to achieve simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and guarantee the secure transmission for ground passive receivers (PRs) in which the nonlinear energy harvesting model is applied. Each time frame is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the received power at each PR is maximized to achieve rapid charging. In the second phase, SWIPT is performed via NOMA with the remaining energy at each PR, and artificial jamming is generated at UAV together with the NOMA information to guarantee the security. The throughput of PRs is maximized, with the highest received jamming power cancelled at each PR via successive interference cancellation (SIC) This disrupts the eavesdropping effectively by jamming without affecting the legitimate transmission. Due to the non convexity of these two optimization problems, we first convert them to convex ones and then propose iterative algorithms to solve them. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.