nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fermi and Swift Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High energy Emission from Prompt to Afterglow
Year: 2019

We report on the observations of gamma ray burst (GRB) 190114C by the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The early time observations reveal multiple emission components that evolve independently, with a delayed power law component that exhibits significant spectral attenuation above 40 MeV in the first few seconds of the burst. This power law component transitions to a harder spectrum that is consistent with the afterglow emission observed at later times. This afterglow component is clearly identifiable in the GBM and BAT light curves as a slowly fading emission component on which the rest of the prompt emission is superimposed. As a result, we are able to constrain the transition from internal shock to external shock dominated emission. We find that the temporal and spectral evolution of the broadband afterglow emission can be well modeled as synchrotron emission from a forward shock propagating into a wind like circumstellar environment and find that high energy photons observed by Fermi LAT are in tension with the theoretical maximum energy that can be achieved through synchrotron emission from a shock. These violations of the maximum synchrotron energy are further compounded by the detection of very high energy (VHE) emission above 300 GeV by MAGIC concurrent with our observations. We conclude that the observations of VHE photons from GRB 190114C necessitates either an additional emission mechanism at very high energies that is hidden in the synchrotron component in the LAT energy range, an acceleration mechanism that imparts energy to the particles at a rate that is faster than the electron synchrotron energy loss rate, or revisions of the fundamental assumptions used in estimating the maximum photon energy attainable through the synchrotron process.
A cross cultural study testing the universality of basic psychological needs theory across different academic subjects
Year: 2018

Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT) suggests that autonomy supportive teachers can promote the satisfaction of students' three basic psychological needs (i.e. the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and this is essential for optimal functioning and personal well being. The role of need satisfaction as a determinant of well being is understood to be invariant across contexts and cultures. The aim of this study was to test the invariance in the relationships between students' perceptions of their teachers' autonomy support and their psychological need satisfaction, enjoyment, concentration, and boredom across different school subjects (Maths, English and PE lessons) and across different cultures (England and Turkey) Questionnaires tapping the targeted variables in the three different lesson types were completed by students in schools in England and Turkey. Results from multilevel modelling analyses showed some support for the tenets of BPNT, albeit there were inconsistences between the strength of the hypothesised relationships on account of country and/or lesson type.
First Steps in Teaching Robotics with Drones Using Flying Robots to Introduce Students to Coding and Problem Solving
Venue: RiE
Year: 2019

Teaching with drones will report and reflect about a conducted educational concept using a flying robot to motivate and teach programming to students at different learning levels. It will show how to enable students to experience that programming is a form of interaction between men and machine or in this case a human robotics interaction (HRI) They also learn that a code is nothing else than a language which is used for HRI and apply the newly gained knowledge to a problem based programming task.
Observer based Anomaly Detection of Synchronous Generators for Power Systems Monitoring
Venue: 2019 IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
Year: 2019

This paper proposes a rigorous anomaly detection scheme, developed to spot power system operational changes which are inconsistent with the models used by operators. This novel technique relies on a state observer, with guaranteed estimation error convergence, suitable to be implemented in real time, and it has been developed to fully address this important issue in power systems. The proposed method is fitted to the highly nonlinear characteristics of the network, with the states of the nonlinear generator model being estimated by means of a linear time varying estimation scheme. Given the reliance of the existing dynamic security assessment tools in industry on nominal power system models, the suggested methodology addresses cases when there is deviation from assumed system dynamics, enhancing operators' awareness of system operation. It is based on a decision scheme relying on analytical computation of thresholds, not involving empirical criteria which are likely to introduce inaccurate outcomes. Since false alarms are guaranteed to be absent, the proposed technique turns out to be very useful for system monitoring and control. The effectiveness of the anomaly detection algorithm is shown through detailed realistic case studies in two power system models.
Evaluation of seismic hazard in low to moderate seismic regions, Sri Lanka a case study
Venue: Journal of Seismology
Year: 2019

An assessment of seismic hazard based on the probabilistic approach was undertaken for a low seismic island region, Sri Lanka. Potential source zones in both local and regional contexts were identified in a comprehensive manner based on active tectonic structures and past evidence of seismic activities in the region. This source zonation, because of "dormant to mild seismic nature" of the region, led to characterize most of the regionally dominant seismic sources simply into large area zones. Recurrence rates of seismicity in each of the identified source zones were obtained for pre estimated periods of completeness, unless otherwise data of a source zone were clearly incomplete due to lack of earthquake records, in which case recurrence parameters were found based on a subjective evaluation concerning the need of conservative recurrence rates for the area. Computed hazard values in terms of expected ground motions (peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral accelerations (SAs) at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 s natural periods) at rock sites in Sri Lanka for 10% (475 year return period) 5% (975 year return period) 2% (2475 year return period) and 0.5% (9975 year return period) probabilities of exceedance in 50 years' time were depicted in separate raster maps. Hazard values showed that the area around the capital Colombo possesses maximum expected PGA (in rock sites) which is about 0.11g for a 475 year return period. Most of the other areas indicated relatively low values.
Intention to Use Sustainable Green Logistics Platforms
Year: 2020

Recently, logistics platforms that facilitate interaction and the exchange and transaction of information have quickly emerged in the Korean domestic market. In order to further advance the development of logistics platforms into green logistics platforms in which participation in the early stages is not active, appropriate checks and balances are needed so that service providers, users, and platform operators can grow together in green logistics platforms. The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the factors affecting participants' intentions to use green logistics platforms. Out of the 230 questionnaires distributed from 25 June to 11 July 2019, 14 were excluded from analyses due to unsatisfactory responses, while 216 responses were used for statistical processing. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test hypotheses in this research. The results showed that the network effect and security factors influenced perceived usefulness, and trust did not affect perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness also significantly influenced the intention to use green logistics platforms. The results of this study present strategies and directions for the future development of green logistics platforms.
Production of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants: From Plant Tissue Culture to Biosynthesis
Year: 2017

Over past decades plant tissue culture has emerged as an alternative of whole plant cultivation in the production of valuable secondary metabolites. Adventitious roots culture of Panax ginseng and Echinacea purpure has reached the scale of 1 10 kL. Some molecular biological techniques, such as transgenic technology and genetic stability are increasingly used in the studies on plant tissue cultures. The studies on elicitors have deepened into the induction mechanism, including signal molecules, functional genes, and so on. More and more biological elicitors, such as A. niger and yeast are used to increase the active compounds in plant tissue cultures. We also discussed the application of synthetic biology in the studies on biosynthesis of artemisinin, paclitaxel, and tanshinon. The studies on active ingredients biosynthesis of medicinal plants provide unprecedented possibilities to achieve mass production of active ingredients. Plant tissue cultures can not only produce active ingredients but also as experimental materials for biosynthesis. In order to improve the contents of active compounds in medicinal plants, following aspects could be carried out gene interference or gene silencing, gene overexpression, combination with chemical synthesis, application of elicitors, and site directed mutagenesis of the key enzymes.
Considering Attachment and Partner Perceptions in the Prediction of Physical and Emotional Sexual Satisfaction.
Venue: The journal of sexual medicine
Year: 2017

Attachment theory provides a framework for understanding sexual satisfaction; in general, research suggests that attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with decreased sexual satisfaction. Given their different working models of self and other, perceptions of the partner's level of satisfaction might differentially influence people's own perceptions of satisfaction based on their attachment avoidance and anxiety.  To examine the predictive value of attachment anxiety and avoidance and perceptions of partner satisfaction in predicting physical and emotional satisfaction after sexual interactions in two studies.  Participants (study 1, n 52; study 2, n 144) completed a one time survey containing a measurement of attachment and then reported on their physical and emotional sexual satisfaction after each sexual interaction over the course of 2 to 3 weeks.  The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale Revised was completed during the one time survey, and ratings of personal physical and emotional sexual satisfaction (studies 1 and 2) and perceptions of partner's physical and emotional satisfaction were completed after sexual interactions (study 2) RESULTS Greater attachment avoidance was associated with lesser physical and emotional satisfaction. Moreover, when perceiving the partner to be emotionally satisfied, people with more attachment avoidance reported less emotional satisfaction for themselves. For greater attachment anxiety, greater perceived partner satisfaction (physical and emotional) predicted greater personal satisfaction of the two types.  The findings support attachment theory as a valuable lens through which to study sexual satisfaction. Moreover, the results suggest that it is important to consider perceptions of partner sexual satisfaction in understanding the sexual satisfaction of people who demonstrate attachment anxiety and avoidance.
Recycling Reconsidered: The Present Failure and Future Promise of Environmental Action in the United States
Year: 2011

Recycling is widely celebrated as an environmental success story. The accomplishments of the recycling movement can be seen in municipal practice, a thriving private recycling industry, and widespread public support and participation. In the United States, more people recycle than vote. But, as Samantha MacBride points out in this book, the goals of recycling saving the earth (and trees) conserving resources, and greening the economy are still far from being realized. The vast majority of solid wastes are still burned or buried. MacBride argues that, since the emergence of the recycling movement in 1970, manufacturers of products that end up in waste have successfully prevented the implementation of more onerous, yet far more effective, forms of sustainable waste policy. Recycling as we know it today generates the illusion of progress while allowing industry to maintain the status quo and place responsibility on consumers and local government. MacBride offers a series of case studies in recycling that pose provocative questions about whether the current ways we deal with waste are really the best ways to bring about real sustainability and environmental justice. She does not aim to debunk or discourage recycling but to help us think beyond recycling as it is today.
A probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards
Venue: Scientific reports
Year: 2021

Earth fissures caused by tectonic forces, human activities, or both seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and properties. The Taiyuan Basin, a Cenozoic downfaulted basin located in the centre of the Fen Wei Basin tectonic belt, in northwestern China, presents the ideal study area for a hazard assessment of earth fissures. A total of 104 earth fissures have been observed in the Taiyuan Basin, with a total length of approximately 128 km. In this paper, we proposed a probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) the area under the curve (AUC) and the certainty factor model (CFM) Geomorphic units, geologic formations, active faults and land subsidence zones of the Taiyuan Basin were mapped in detail. Correlations between these factors and earth fissures were evaluated through spatial modelling in ArcGIS. The AUC was introduced into the AHP to weight each factor and thus, to derive an earth fissure susceptibility map. Finally, the modelled earth fissure susceptibility was compared with a digital inventory of earth fissures to develop a probability function and map the spatial variability in failure probability through the CFM. The study indicates that active faults have the greatest contribution to the generation of earth fissures. Earth fissures are prone to develop in the piedmont alluvial diluvial clinoplain and the transitional zone near the geomorphic boundary. This mapping procedure can assist in making rational decisions regarding urban planning and infrastructure development in areas susceptible to earth fissures.
CompLex A New Corpus for Lexical Complexity Prediction from Likert Scale Data
Venue: READI
Year: 2020

Predicting which words are considered hard to understand for a given target population is a vital step in many NLP applications such astext simplification. This task is commonly referred to as Complex Word Identification (CWI) With a few exceptions, previous studieshave approached the task as a binary classification task in which systems predict a complexity value (complex vs. non complex) fora set of target words in a text. This choice is motivated by the fact that all CWI datasets compiled so far have been annotated using abinary annotation scheme. Our paper addresses this limitation by presenting the first English dataset for continuous lexical complexityprediction. We use a 5 point Likert scale scheme to annotate complex words in texts from three sources/domains: the Bible, Europarl,and biomedical texts. This resulted in a corpus of 9,476 sentences each annotated by around 7 annotators.
Mother infant separation in prison: problematising attachment theory in policy and practice
Year: 2018

Women in prison assert that separation from their children is one of the most traumatic aspects of their imprisonment (Corston, 2007; Douglas, Plugge Fitzpatrick, 2009; IAP, 2017) This thesis considers mother child separations in English prisons from the perspectives of mothers and prison staff, alongside a critical examination of the use of attachment theory in prison policy and practice. Using a critical realist approach, this mixed methods study integrates qualitatively analysed semi structured interviews with a practitioner survey and document analyses. A focus on attachment theory enables a multi perspective view of an overlooked group of prisoners and proposes relevant policy and practice applications. Study of policy and related literature reveals a consensus that separation from children for imprisoned mothers is traumatic. However, no detail is offered about how mothers should be supported. Interviews with six attachment experts and a survey of 30 family practitioners uncovered a range of critiques of current prison practice supposedly based on attachment theory, in particular the focus on a 'best age' of separation. Interviews with six previously imprisoned mothers highlighted the importance of the wider context, especially external childcare, with regards to their experience of separation. Open prisons were viewed as enabling access to services and the most positive relationships with staff. Interviews with 24 prison staff emphasised the challenges of working with separated mothers, specifically the emotional impact of this type of work, and the difficulties of working with social services. Focusing on the understanding and practice of attachment theory revealed its limitations and problematises its use in prison policy, including critiques of Mother Baby Units. It is proposed that future practice and research should be underpinned by partnership with social work in order to inform best practice, whilst a human rights based approach with enforceable minimum standards would mitigate some of the harm caused by mother child separation.
Formal Design, Co Simulation and Validation of a Radar Signal Processing System
Venue: 2019 Forum for Specification and Design Languages (FDL)
Year: 2019

With the ever increasing complexity in safety critical and performance demanding application domains such as automotive and avionics, the costs of designing, producing and especially testing systems does not scale well for the next generation of applications. One example is the active electronically scanned array (AESA) antenna signal processing chain, which is currently out of reach from consumer products but rather part of a few exclusive hi tech appliances. To cope with the associated complexity of such systems, we propose a design flow starting from a high level formal modeling language which captures and exposes important design properties to enable their systematic exploitation for the purpose of simulation, analysis and synthesis towards cost efficient implementations. We demonstrate the capabilities of this approach by providing a compact yet expressive description of the AESA signal processing chain, generate automatic test cases to verify the conformity of model with design specifications, synthesize a part of it to VHDL and co simulate the generated artifact to validate its correctness.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT CAUSED BY IMPINGING JETS OF Al2O33 WATER NANOFLUID ON A MICRO PIN FIN ROUGHENED SURFACE UNDER CROSSFLOW CONDITIONS A NUMERICAL STUDY
Venue: Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer
Year: 2020

Advanced electronic devices need ultrahigh performance cooling techniques. One such technique is jet impingement cooling. This study numerically investigates the thermal performance and flow behavior of an array of alumina oxide water nanofluid impinging jet systems under crossflow. The Reynolds number of the jet array ranges between 4000 and 20,000 with a normalized distance between the jet's outlet and target plate (Z/D) equal to 3. The target wall is roughened with micro pin fins for surface enlargement. All of the computations are done in ANSYS FLUENT using the shear stress transport k o turbulence model. The paper reports numerical predictions matching satisfactorily well with the empirical data. However, more research in the context of turbulence models solely for turbulent nanofluid modeling is recommended for future studies. The influence of volumetric concentrations ph 0% 0.2% 0.7% 1.5% and 3% of Al2O3 nanoparticles is explored. It is inferred from the simulations that the addition of the nanoparticles does not influence the velocity field with the simplified method used in the current work. It can also be inferred that the increasing values of the nanoparticle concentration would cause a rise in the nanofluid equivalent thermal conductivity leading to a reduction in the Nusselt number, whereas the average convective heat transfer coefficient would improve. About 72% improvement in the heat transfer coefficient (h) of the nanofluid is observed while the Nusselt number is reduced by about 30% at volumetric concentration ph 3% The addition of pin fins would help in further heat transfer improvement.
Efficient Collapsed Gibbs Sampling for Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Venue: ACML
Year: 2010

Collapsed Gibbs sampling is a frequently applied method to approximate intractable integrals in probabilistic generative models such as latent Dirichlet allocation. This sampling method has however the crucial drawback of high computational complexity, which makes it limited applicable on large data sets. We propose a novel dynamic sampling strategy to significantly improve the efficiency of collapsed Gibbs sampling. The strategy is explored in terms of efficiency, convergence and perplexity. Besides, we present a straight forward parallelization to further improve the efficiency. Finally, we underpin our proposed improvements with a comparative study on different scale data sets.
Modelling the community size spectrum: recent developments and new directions
Year: 2016

The regularity of the community size spectrum, i.e. the fact that the total ecosystem biomass contained in logarithmically equal body size intervals remains constant, is a striking characteristic of marine ecosystems. Community size spectrum models exploit this feature to represent marine ecosystems with two measures: the slope and the intercept (height) of the community spectrum. Size spectrum models have gain popularity over time to model the properties of fish communities, whether to investigate the impact of fishing, or embedded into end to end models to investigate the impact of climate. We review the main features and state of the art developments in the domain of continuous size spectrum models. The community spectrum emerges from a balance between size selective predation, growth and biomass dissipation. Further to these basic components, reproduction and various causes of mortality have been introduced in recent studies to increase the model's realism or simply close the mass budget of the spectrum. These different processes affect the stability of the spectrum and affect the predictions of the size spectrum models. A few models have also introduced a representation of life history traits in the community size spectrum. This allows accounting for the diversity of energy pathways in food webs and for the fact that metabolism is both size and species specific. The community level metabolism therefore depends on the species composition of the community. The size spectrum's regularity at the community level can serve as a conceptual basis for building theories of marine ecosystems' functioning. It is also used as indicator of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The mechanistic nature of size spectrum models as well as their simple and aggregated representation of complex systems makes them good candidates as a strategic management tool. For instance, for testing the impact of different fishing management actions or for projecting marine ecosystem's states under various climate change scenarios.