nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Potato Leaf Diseases Detection Using Deep Learning
Venue: 2020 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS)
Year: 2020

With the enhancement in agricultural technology and the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosing plant diseases, it becomes important to make pertinent research to sustainable agricultural development. Various diseases like early blight and late blight immensely influence the quality and quantity of the potatoes and manual interpretation of these leaf diseases is quite time taking and cumbersome. As it requires tremendously a good level of expertise, efficient and automated detection of these diseases in the budding phase can assist in ameliorating the potato crop production. Previously, various models have been proposed to detect several plant diseases. In this paper, a model is presented that uses pre trained models like VGG19 for fine tuning(transfer learning) to extract the relevant features from the dataset. Then, with the help of multiple classifiers results were perceived among which logistic regression outperformed others by a substantial margin of classification accuracy obtaining 97.8% over the test dataset.
APLIKASI SIG BERBASIS MOBILE ANDROID UNTUK PEMETAAN LOKASI BANK DAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Year: 2015

ABSTRAK Bank dan lembaga keuangan merupakan tempat yang aman untuk menyimpan dan menginvestasikan uang. Terdapat banyak bank dan lembaga keuangan di Kota Banda Aceh yang mana lokasinya sulit diketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun sebuah aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berbasis mobile Android untuk memetakan lokasi bank dan lembaga keuangan Kota Banda Aceh. Tahap penelitian yang digunakan adalah mengidentifikasi masalah, studi literatur, mengumpulkan data, merancang aplikasi, membuat aplikasi, dan melakukan pengujian terhadap aplikasi. Pengujian dengan memberikan kuisioner terhadap 50 responden menggunakan metode System Usability Scale (SUS) untuk menguji kelayakan aplikasi tersebut. Dari pengujian yang menggunakan SUS, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi layak digunakan dengan nilai usability 79,3% Aplikasi ini memiliki ukuran sebesar 12,20 MB setelah di install pada device dan masih di akses dari server lokal. Aplikasi ini sudah memetakan sebanyak 109 titik lokasi bank dan lembaga keuangan Kota Banda Aceh.  Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan, Sistem Informasi Geografis, Android, System Usability Scale (SUS) ABSTRACT Banks and financial institutions are safe places to save and to invest money. There are many banks and financial institutions in Banda Aceh where they are difficult to be known by the public. The purpose of this study is to develop a Geographic Information System Android based application to map banks and financial institutions in Banda Aceh. Some steps involved in this study are problem identification, literature reviewing, data collection, designing, implementing and testing. The test was conducted to see the feasibility of the application by giving questionnaires to 50 respondents using System Usability Scale (SUS) The test using SUS, can be concluded that the application is feasible to use with the usability value of 79,3% This application has a size of 12.20 MB after installed on the device and this application still can be access from local server. This application have mapped 109 points of banks and financial institutions of Banda Aceh.  Banks and Financial Institutions, Geographic Information Systems, Android, System Usability Scale (SUS)
Effects of long term different fertilization on culturable microorganisms quantity in cinnamon soil
Year: 2013

The effects of long term fertilization on soil microorganism populations and their quantity and the correlation between microorganism and available nutrients basis in cinnamon soil were studied in this paper.The results showed that bacterial was the main microorganism in cinnamon soil with the proportion of 92.72% 95.91%.Organic fertilizer could significantly increase the quantity of soil microorganism for bacteria quantity of M1N,actinomycetes quantity of M1NP,fungi quantity of M2NP were the highest of all treatments and the bacteria quantity difference of M1N compared with the control was significant.The quantity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria also could be significantly increased under the conditions of using organic fertilizer.The correlations between bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria with available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were in significant level.
Durability and exploitation performance of cutting tools made out of chromium oxide nanocomposite materials
Venue: Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc Maintenance and Reliability
Year: 2019

In the engineering systems, even though the lifetime is prolonged, the maintenance cost increases accordingly when fault incurs [7] In order to reduce expenses, computer aided maintenance and reliability systems are often applied, as it was reported in case of conveyor belts [19] as well as computer simulation methods  In the context of Industry 4.0, Big Data gains increasing importance  Durability of cutting tools, especially during machining of hard materials, is a subject of many research works  When selecting proper cutting tool for the particular machining task, optimal durability is one of the requirements  One of research directions to prolong cutting tools lifetime is the formation of cutting edge microgeometry which is designed by special processes after grinding or after deposition of the thin layer [28] There are reports on various layers of nanoscale thickness, e.g. nanocrystalline Al2O3 layer deposited by MOCVD on cemented carbide cutting tools [24] In fact, 85% of all cemented carbide tools are coated  but also ceramic materials are coated in order to improve their performance and durability. For instance, Liu et al. proposed novel quaternary coating on the surface of silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool and investigated its dominant wear mechanism [18] In another reported study, Al2O3 was coated on the surface with CaF2 nanolayer by non uniform nucleation method, so the mechanical properties of ceramic tools coated with nano solid lubricant have been significantly improved [4] It was demonstrated also, that PVD coatings and ALD PVD hybrid coatings deposited on sialon tool ceramics performed better exploitative properties in comparison with a coating (Ti,Al)N obtained by the conventional method [26] However, any additional operation of coating, especially with nanolayers, generates increasing costs. Thus, another way to improve durability and performance of ceramic cutting tools is directed to its microstructure formation. It was reported that doping with a small amount of Eu2O3 decreases the bulk density and wear resistance of high alumina ceramics [17] Since ceramic matrix composites are outstanding in their ability to withstand high temperatures, in addition their hardness and wear resistance, carbon fiber ceramic matrix composites are applied, as well as ceramics armed with carbides, nitrides, oxides, and their combinations, including composites with carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers  This paper is devoted to the nanocomposite Cr2O3 materials produced by the activated electric field sintering procedure. As it will be demonstrated below, its fabrication is cheaper and exploitative properties are better than that of other ceramic cutting tools available in the market.
A Mass Spring Damper Model for Real Time Simulation of the Frictional Grasping Interactions between Surgical Tools and Large Organs
Year: 2015

Considering the loss of direct visual and tactile information, surgeons require special training programs to obtain sufficient proficiency for laparoscopic surgery. Surgical training simulation systems provide an effective alternative to animal models for repetitive training practices. The purpose of this study was to develop a biomechanical model of large soft organs for simulation of the interactions of a surgical grasper and spleen in real time. The mechanical behavior of the spleen was molded in detail, including its nonlinear hyper viscoelastic properties, using a mass spring damper model. A novel collision detection algorithm was used to determine the tool tissue contact zones. Force based and geometry based boundary conditions were imposed at the contact nodes, respectively, to represent slippage included and slippage free grasping conditions. The model's predictions were validated against the experimental results on a synthetic test sample. Results of simulation of interactions between the grasping tool and the spleen organ indicated that the non linear rate dependent and stress relaxation behaviors of the tissue was well depicted by the model. Also, the model was capable of reflecting the effect of tool tissue friction coefficient on the slippage free or slippage included grasping behaviors.
Global stability of COVID 19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects
Venue: AIMS public health
Year: 2020

In this paper, we build and analyze a mathematical model of COVID 19 transmission considering media coverage effects. Due to transmission characteristics of COVID 19, we can divided the population into five classes. The first class describes the susceptible individuals, the second class is exposed individuals, the third class is infected individuals, the fourth class is quarantine class and the last class is recovered individuals. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solutions of the model are discussed. The basic reproduction number R0 is obtained. All possible equilibrium points of the model are investigated and their local stability is discussed under some conditions. The disease free equilibrium is local asymptotically stable when R0<1 and unstable when R0>1. The globally asymptotical stability of all point is verified by Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the analytical results and understand the effect of varying the parameters on spread of COVID 19. These findings suggested that media coverage can be considered as an effective way to mitigate the COVID 19 spreading.
Multivariate Time Series Clustering and its Application in Industrial Systems
Venue: Cybern. Syst.
Year: 2020

(MTS) data obtained from large scale systems carry resourceful information about the internal system status.  Clustering is one of the exploratory methods that can enable one to discover the different types of behavior that is manifested in different working periods of a system. This knowledge can then be used for tasks such as anomaly detection or system maintenance. In this study, we make use of the statistical method, Variable Order Markov Models (VOMMs) to model each individual MTS and employ a new metric to calculate the distances between those VOMMs. The pairwise distances are then used to accomplish the MTS Clustering task. Two other MTS Clustering methods are presented and the superiority of the proposed method is confirmed with the experiments on two data sets from Cyber Physical Systems. The computational complexity of the presented methods is also discussed.
The Impact of Stocks Traded Total Value, Foreign Direct Investment, Number of Students and Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption on NO2 Emissions in Iran
Year: 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examined the empirical effects of stocks traded total value, foreign direct investment, number of students, and fossil fuel energy consumption on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions in Iran using time series data for the period 1978 2012. To achieve this goal, we applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Findings indicate that foreign direct investment, fossil fuel energy consumption, and number of students stimulate NO2 emissions in the long run. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Iran reduce emissions by expanding its existing Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage plants; capitalizing on its vast solar and wind energy; reducing high subsidies of the residential electricity scheme; and aggressively investing in energy research to build expertise for achieving electricity generation efficiency. It must be noted that greenhouse gas reduction policies cannot produce immediate results in changing wind and precipitation patterns and thus mitigating climate change effects.
Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services.
Venue: Ecology letters
Year: 2006

Concern is growing about the consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem functioning, for the provision of ecosystem services, and for human well being. Experimental evidence for a relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem process rates is compelling, but the issue remains contentious. Here, we present the first rigorous quantitative assessment of this relationship through meta analysis of experimental work spanning 50 years to June 2004. We analysed 446 measures of biodiversity effects (252 in grasslands) 319 of which involved primary producer manipulations or measurements. Our analyses show that: biodiversity effects are weaker if biodiversity manipulations are less well controlled; effects of biodiversity change on processes are weaker at the ecosystem compared with the community level and are negative at the population level; productivity related effects decline with increasing number of trophic links between those elements manipulated and those measured; biodiversity effects on stability measures 'insurance' effects) are not stronger than biodiversity effects on performance measures. For those ecosystem services which could be assessed here, there is clear evidence that biodiversity has positive effects on most. Whilst such patterns should be further confirmed, a precautionary approach to biodiversity management would seem prudent in the meantime.
Unveiling delay time resolved phase noise statistics of narrow linewidth laser via coherent optical time domain reflectometry.
Venue: Optics express
Year: 2020

Laser with high spectral purity plays a crucial role in high precision optical metrology and coherent communication. Thanks to the rapid development of laser frequency stabilization, the laser phase noise can be remarkably compensated, allowing its ultra narrow linewidth subject to mostly quantum limit. Nevertheless, the accurate characterization of phase noise statistics and its linewidth of a highly coherent laser remains ambiguous and challenging. Here, we present an approach capable of revealing delay time resolved phase noise statistics of a coherent laser based on coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) in which distributed Rayleigh scattering along a delay fiber essentially allows a time of flight mapping of a heterodyne beating signal associated with delay time dependent phase information from a single laser source. Ultimately, this novel technique facilitates precise measurement of ultra narrow laser linewidth by exploiting its delay time resolved phase jitter statistics of random fiber laser with pump lasers of various linewidths, confirmed with the analytical modeling and numerical simulations.
Target Localization in Multipath Propagation Environment Using Dictionary Based Sparse Representation
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

This paper addresses the target localization problem in complex multipath propagation environment for three dimensional (3 D) radar systems. Firstly, an approach based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is developed to reduce the data dimension and formulate the joint multiple snapshot sparse representation problem in the signal subspace domain. Subsequently, a novel sparse representation based DOA estimation algorithm, combined with alternatingly iterative and dictionary refinement techniques, is proposed. The Cramer Rao bounds (CRB) for the target DOA and attenuation coefficient estimations of multipath model are derived in closed forms. Experimental results based on both simulated data and measured data indicate that the target localization accuracy can be effectively enhanced by utilizing the proposed algorithm in complex terrain and/or limited snapshot scenarios.
COVID 19 in pediatric cancer patients in a resource limited setting: National data from Peru
Venue: Pediatric blood cancer
Year: 2020

Peru, an upper middle income country according to theWorldBank, is being severely affected by the COVID 19 pandemic, counting today 285 213 cases and 9677 deaths, and having one of the highest incidence rates of COVID 19 in the world (87.5 per million inhabitants).1 National lockdown policies, transportation restriction, and economic constrains, alongwith disrupted health care services, have significantly impacted access for diagnosis and treatment of childrenwith cancer.2,3 Although recent papers suggest that the pediatric oncology population may not have higher mortality resulting from SARS CoV 2 infection in high income countries (Spain,4 China,5 USA,6 Italy7) these patients would be a potential vulnerable group for worse outcomes,8 especially in lowandmiddle income countries (LMIC) We report 69 pediatric cancer patients (ages 0 16 years) diagnosed with SARS CoV 2 infection from March 6 to July 7, 2020 from six tertiary centers in Peru (National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, Rebagliati Hospital, Almenara Hospital, and National Institute of Children San Borja in Lima; and two hospitals from Trujillo and Chiclayo) and three cancer shelters in Lima. The main patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. The cancer types included hematological malignancies (69% and solid tumors (31% Most patients were treated as ambulatory and interestingly, 20 (29% were already hospitalized suspected of a potential nosocomial SARS CoV 2 infection source. The most frequent symptomswere fever and cough (66.67% Thirty seven patients were asymptomatic (53.7% Chemotherapy was stopped in all cases. COVID 19 treatment was based on ivermectin, azithromycin, and corticosteroids in nine cases, whereas 60 patients did not receive any treatment. At the time of this report, 62 patients are alivewith no complications due to SARS CoV 2 and seven are dead. Four patients had progressive disease and complications not related with COVID 19 and the rest (three patients) had severe pneumonia with rapid deterioration despite intensive care in one case or unavailable ICU beds in two cases. Patients under noncurative treatmentwere atmore risk of death due to COVID 19 (chi square, P .004) than patients under curative treatment. In our cohort, COVID 19 lethality is 10% much higher than documented for the general pediatric population in Peru (0.34%)1 or other countries.9,10 COVID 19 infection in childrenwith cancer has generatednewchallenges in pediatric oncology worldwide, especially in limited resource settings. It is important to maintain pediatric cancer treatment as a priority; however, some factors such as the increasing number of TABLE 1 Characteristics of study sample
ABC triblock bottlebrush copolymer based injectable hydrogels: design, synthesis, and application to expanding the therapeutic index of cancer immunochemotherapy+
Venue: Chemical science
Year: 2020

Bottlebrush copolymers are a versatile class of macromolecular architectures with broad applications in the fields of drug delivery, self assembly, and polymer networks. Here, the modular nature of graft through ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is exploited to synthesize "ABC" triblock bottlebrush copolymers (TBCs) from polylactic acid (PLA) polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(N isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macromonomers. Due to the hydrophobicity of their PLA domains, these TBCs self assemble in aqueous media at room temperature to yield uniform ~100 nm micelles that can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic agents. Heating these micellar solutions above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM ~32 degC) induces the rapid formation of multi compartment hydrogels with PLA and PNIPAM domains acting as physical crosslinks. Following the synthesis and characterization of these materials in vitro, TBC micelles loaded with various biologically active small molecules were investigated as injectable hydrogels for sustained drug release in vivo. Specifically, intratumoral administration of TBCs containing paclitaxel and resiquimod the latter a potent Toll like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist into mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 tumors resulted in a significantly enhanced therapeutic index compared to the administration of these two drugs alone. This effect is attributed to the TBC hydrogel maintaining a high local drug concentration, thus reducing systemic immune activation and local inflammation. Collectively, this work represents, to our knowledge, the first example of thermally responsive TBCs designed for multi compartment hydrogel formation, establishing these materials as versatile scaffolds for self assembly and drug delivery.
Retinal Vessel Segmentation Using Minimum Spanning Superpixel Tree Detector
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
Year: 2019

The retinal vessel is one of the determining factors in an ophthalmic examination. Automatic extraction of retinal vessels from low quality retinal images still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a robust and effective approach that qualitatively improves the detection of low contrast and narrow vessels. Rather than using the pixel grid, we use a superpixel as the elementary unit of our vessel segmentation scheme. We regularize this scheme by combining the geometrical structure, texture, color, and space information in the superpixel graph. And the segmentation results are then refined by employing the efficient minimum spanning superpixel tree to detect and capture both global and local structure of the retinal images. Such an effective and structure aware tree detector significantly improves the detection around the pathologic area. Experimental results have shown that the proposed technique achieves advantageous connectivity area length (CAL) scores of 80.92% and 69.06% on two public datasets, namely, DRIVE and STARE, thereby outperforming state of the art segmentation methods. In addition, the tests on the challenging retinal image database have further demonstrated the effectiveness of our method. Our approach achieves satisfactory segmentation performance in comparison with state of the art methods. Our technique provides an automated method for effectively extracting the vessel from fundus images.
Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Rigidoporus lignosus and its Laccase in the Presence of Redox Mediators
Venue: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
Year: 2008

The metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was studied in vivo and in vitro in systems consisting of Rigidoporus lignosus and its laccase, in the presence of so called "mediator" compounds. The static culture of the native fungal strain was able to metabolize anthracene and 2 methylanthracene, but not 9 nitroanthracene. The addition of redox mediators 2,2' azino bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 1 hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) or violuric acid (VA) led to a significant increase in the degradation of substrates. The oxidation of PAHs was not significant when purified laccase was used without the addition of mediators. The addition of these compounds increased the oxidation of all substrates by approximately 70 80% after 72 h of incubation. The degradation rate was highest for 2 methylanthracene in the presence of VA.