nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Recognition of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Microscopic Images based on Feature Reduction using Principle Component Analysis
Year: 2015

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of pediatric cancer of white blood cells which is categorized into three types of L1, L2, and L3. It is usually detected through screening of blood and bone marrow smears by pathologists. Since manual detection is time consuming and boring, computer based systems are preferred for convenient detection. The rigorous similarity between morphology of ALL types and that of normal, reactive and atypical lymphocytes, makes the automatic recognition a challenging problem. In this paper, we tried to improve the sensitivity of detection based on principle component analysis (PCA) Methods After segmenting cell nucleus using fuzzy c means clustering algorithm, several geometric and statistical features are extracted. Then the feature space dimensionality is reduced based on (PCA) The first 8 components of the feature space are applied to support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Then the cancerous and lymphocyte cells are classified into their subtypes.  For evaluating the proposed method, we used an expert pathologist's classification as a reference. Classification was evaluated by three parameters: sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. A comparison with our previous work showed that using dimensionality reduced feature space based on PCA, instead of using individually selected features, improved the average sensitivity and precision of classification more than 10%  The results show that proposed algorithm performs better than our previous work. Its acceptable performance for the diagnosis of ALL and its subtypes as well as other lymphocyte types makes it an assistant diagnostic tool for pathologists.
Existential Anxiety, Personality Type, and Therapy Preference in Young Adults
Year: 2020

The current study examines the relationship between existential anxiety (EA) personality traits, and therapy preference in a sample of young adults. EA is thought to be universal human experience, yet no published research has been conducted on whether certain personality traits predict higher levels of EA. Males and females (N 69) aged 18 to 25 years completed several self report measures, including a measure of EA, five factor personality traits, and therapy preference (insight vs. action oriented) Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship among the constructs of interest. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between Neuroticism as measured by the NEO Five Factor Inventory and EA. The Neuroticism N4 Self Consciousness subscale showed the strongest association with EA. There was no relationship between therapy preference and EA. The results suggest that individuals with personality types characterized by elevated levels of shyness, guilt, and inferiority may be more likely to experience elevated EA. Experiencing higher levels of EA does not seem to affect therapy preference. These findings have important implications for clinicians treating young adults who present with internalizing symptoms.
Farkli Disiplinlerdeki Grafik Tasarim Dersi Almis Olan Ogrencilerin Hedef Kitle ve Renk Konulari Hakkindaki Farkindalik Duzeyi: "Korku ve Cizgi Film Afisi Ornegi"
Year: 2017

Tasarim surecinde tartismasiz dikkat edilmesi gereken konulardan birisi, tasarlanan urunun tuketiciye kisa ve etkili yoldan ulasabilmesini saglamaktir. Bircok tasarim urunu gibi kitlesel iletisim araclari icerisinde yer alan film afisleri de bu kaygi ile tasarlanmalidir. Bilgilendirme, tanitma ve satisi artirma amaci ile hazirlanan afisler, izleyiciyi metrelerce oteden kendisine cekebilen sanatsal urunler haline donustugunde basarili sayilabilmektedir. Dolayisiyla film afisi tasarimina baslamadan once, ayni turdeki, filme basari saglayan afislerin referans alinmasi, filme ilgi gosteren hedef kitlenin renk tercihinin dikkate alinarak irdelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu calismada, farkli iki turdeki cizgi film ve korku) film afisleri, kullanilan renk tercihleri ve hedef kitlenin asina oldugu renk turleri incelenmis olup, Grafik tasarim dersi almis ogrencilerin, bu afisler icin tercih ettigi renkler analiz edilmistir. Bu arastirmanin sonunda katilimcilarin, hedef kitlenin renk tercihlerinin tasarim asamasindaki onemi konusunda fikir sahibi olmalarina karsin, renkleri gruplandirma konusunda bir takim eksiklerinin oldugu tespit edilmis olup, aldiklari tasarim dersleri boyunca, mutlak suretle renk bilgisi, renklerin psikolojik etkileri ve hedef kitlenin renk tercihlerinin tespiti konusunda bilgilendirilmelidirler. Aksi takdirde tasarlanan film afislerinde mesaj dogru iletilmediginde ve hedef kitle ile ortak noktada bulusulamadiginda, aradaki kopru zarar gormus olacak, filme beklenen ilgi saglanamadiginda harcanan para, zaman ve emegin karsiliginda, yapim sirketi hem maddi hem de manevi zarara ugramis olacaktir.
Asgard archaea capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon cycling
Venue: Nature Communications
Year: 2019

Large reservoirs of natural gas in the oceanic subsurface sustain complex communities of anaerobic microbes, including archaeal lineages with potential to mediate oxidation of hydrocarbons such as methane and butane. Here we describe a previously unknown archaeal phylum, Helarchaeota, belonging to the Asgard superphylum and with the potential for hydrocarbon oxidation. We reconstruct Helarchaeota genomes from metagenomic data derived from hydrothermal deep sea sediments in the hydrocarbon rich Guaymas Basin. The genomes encode methyl CoM reductase like enzymes that are similar to those found in butane oxidizing archaea, as well as several enzymes potentially involved in alkyl CoA oxidation and the Wood Ljungdahl pathway. We suggest that members of the Helarchaeota have the potential to activate and subsequently anaerobically oxidize hydrothermally generated short chain hydrocarbons.Natural gas reservoirs in the oceanic subsurface sustain complex communities of anaerobic microbes. Here, Seitz et al. describe a previously unknown archaeal phylum, Helarchaeota, belonging to the Asgard superphylum and with the potential for oxidation of hydrothermally generated short chain hydrocarbons.
An empirical study of the impact of modern code review practices on software quality
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering
Year: 2015

Software code review, i.e. the practice of having other team members critique changes to a software system, is a well established best practice in both open source and proprietary software domains. Prior work has shown that formal code inspections tend to improve the quality of delivered software. However, the formal code inspection process mandates strict review criteria (e.g. in person meetings and reviewer checklists) to ensure a base level of review quality, while the modern, lightweight code reviewing process does not. Although recent work explores the modern code review process, little is known about the relationship between modern code review practices and long term software quality. Hence, in this paper, we study the relationship between post release defects (a popular proxy for long term software quality) and: (1) code review coverage, i.e. the proportion of changes that have been code reviewed, (2) code review participation, i.e. the degree of reviewer involvement in the code review process, and (3) code reviewer expertise, i.e. the level of domain specific expertise of the code reviewers. Through a case study of the Qt, VTK, and ITK projects, we find that code review coverage, participation, and expertise share a significant link with software quality. Hence, our results empirically confirm the intuition that poorly reviewed code has a negative impact on software quality in large systems using modern reviewing tools.
A GPU based implementation for the gamma multiset rewriting paradigm
Venue: SAC
Year: 2016

This work presents a GPU based implementation of the Gamma multiset rewriting paradigm. Inspired by the chemical reaction metaphor, Gamma was conceived as a highlevel abstract language for programs specification in a very simple, concise, and naturally parallel way, making clearer the distinction between the problem itself and the underlying implementation issues. We believe that the computational model adopted by Gamma matches naturally with the Graphics Processing Units execution mode, once both concepts consist basically in parallel processing of data. We extended an earlier distributed and parallel implementation of the Gamma language called Gamma Base, adding support to execution of Gamma programs over the GPUs, and we called this new implementation Gamma GPU. Practical experiments were conducted in a GPU cluster, which showed us the correctness of the new implementation, besides good speedups comparing to a sequential Gamma implementation, proving the contributions introduced by our work.
Hybrid passive active control method of a swept shock wave supersonic wake interaction
Venue: Acta Astronautica
Year: 2019

In the present study, a hybrid passive active flow control method is used to investigate the interaction between a swept shock wave (SSW) generated by a swept compression wall, and a supersonic wake formed by a wake generator (WG) using a three dimensional finite volume code. In order to detect the turbulence in the flow behavior, the Reynolds stress model (RSM) is used. Furthermore, dynamic mesh adaptation (DMA) and full multigrid (FMG) techniques are used to better predict the flow structure. The numerical simulations are validated with available data and acceptable agreements are found. After ensuring the accuracy of the numerical code, the effects of the variations in the wake generator's height and temperature, as a hybrid passive active flow control method, on a swept shock wave and a supersonic wake are investigated. The results indicate that any change in the height and temperature of the wake generator affects the Mach number distribution, the static and the stagnation pressures, as well as the shock's position.
Microwave Aided Exfoliation and Reduction of Graphene Oxide.
Venue: Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology
Year: 2021

Wet chemical oxidation methods have been widely used to prepare graphene oxide from graphite flakes, which in turn can be reduced using strong and hazardous chemicals like hydrazine. In this report, we have demonstrated a non hazardous method for simultaneous exfoliation and reduction of graphene oxide. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) UV Visible, X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques have been used to ascertain chemical functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide. Morphological studies were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Morphological details of the microwave reduced graphene showed enhancement in inter layer spacing of graphene sheets after microwave treatment. The enhancement in electrical conductivity of graphene oxide after microwave treatment indicates its efficient reduction.
Real time 3D Reconstruction on Construction Site using Visual SLAM and UAV
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2017

3D reconstruction can be used as a platform to monitor the performance of activities on construction site, such as construction progress monitoring, structure inspection and post disaster rescue. Comparing to other sensors, RGB image has the advantages of low cost, texture rich and easy to implement that has been used as the primary method for 3D reconstruction in construction industry. However, the image based 3D reconstruction always requires extended time to acquire and/or to process the image data, which limits its application on time critical projects. Recent progress in Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) make it possible to reconstruct a 3D map of construction site in real time. Integrated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) the obstacles areas that are inaccessible for the ground equipment can also be sensed. Despite these advantages of visual SLAM and UAV, until now, such technique has not been fully investigated on construction site. Therefore, the objective of this research is to present a pilot study of using visual SLAM and UAV for real time construction site reconstruction. The system architecture and the experimental setup are introduced, and the preliminary results and the potential applications using Visual SLAM and UAV on construction site are discussed.
Supervised Descriptive Rule Discovery: A Unifying Survey of Contrast Set, Emerging Pattern and Subgroup Mining
Venue: J. Mach. Learn. Res.
Year: 2009

This paper gives a survey of contrast set mining (CSM) emerging pattern mining (EPM) and subgroup discovery (SD) in a unifying framework named supervised descriptive rule discovery. While all these research areas aim at discovering patterns in the form of rules induced from labeled data, they use different terminology and task definitions, claim to have different goals, claim to use different rule learning heuristics, and use different means for selecting subsets of induced patterns. This paper contributes a novel understanding of these subareas of data mining by presenting a unified terminology, by explaining the apparent differences between the learning tasks as variants of a unique supervised descriptive rule discovery task and by exploring the apparent differences between the approaches. It also shows that various rule learning heuristics used in CSM, EPM and SD algorithms all aim at optimizing a trade off between rule coverage and precision. The commonalities (and differences) between the approaches are showcased on a selection of best known variants of CSM, EPM and SD algorithms. The paper also provides a critical survey of existing supervised descriptive rule discovery visualization methods.
Reduced production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans occurs in Zambian children with kwashiorkor but not marasmus.
Venue: The American journal of clinical nutrition
Year: 2009

Kwashiorkor, a form of severe malnutrition with high mortality, is characterized by edema and systemic abnormalities. Although extremely common, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and its characteristic physical signs are unexplained.  Because kwashiorkor can develop in protein losing enteropathy, which is caused by a loss of enterocyte heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and previous observations suggest abnormal sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism, we examined whether intestinal GAG and HSPG are abnormal in children with kwashiorkor.  Duodenal biopsy samples collected from Zambian children with marasmus (n 18) marasmic kwashiorkor (n 8) and kwashiorkor (n 15) were examined for expression of HSPG, GAGs, and immunologic markers and compared against reference samples from healthy UK control children. GAG and HSPG expression density and inflammatory cell populations were quantitated by computerized analysis.  The kwashiorkor group was less wasted and had a lower HIV incidence than did the other groups. All duodenal biopsy samples showed inflammation compared with the histologically uninflamed control samples. Biopsy samples from marasmic children had greater inflammation and greater CD3+ and HLA DR (human leukocyte antigen DR) positive cell densities than did samples from children with kwashiorkor. Expression of both HSPG and GAGs was similar between marasmic and well nourished UK children but was markedly lower in children with kwashiorkor in both the epithelium and lamina propria. Although underglycosylated and undersulfated, epithelial syndecan 1 protein was normally expressed in kwashiorkor, which confirmed that abnormalities arise after core protein synthesis.  Intestinal HSPG loss occurs in kwashiorkor, which may precipitate protein losing enteropathy to cause edema. If occurring systemically, impaired HSPG expression could cause several previously unexplained features of kwashiorkor. We speculate that a genetic predisposition to reduced HSPG biosynthesis may offer a contrasting selective advantage, by both diminishing protein catabolism during transient undernutrition and protecting against specific infectious diseases.
An application of Li Fi based Wireless Communication System using Visible Light Communication
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Opto Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix)
Year: 2019

This paper attempts to clarify the concept and applications of Li Fi technology. The current Wi Fi network use Radio Frequency waves, but the usage of the available RF spectrum is limited. Therefore a new technology, Li Fi has come into picture. Li Fi is a recently developed technology. This paper explains how array of LEDs are used to transmit data in the visible light spectrum. This technology has advantages like security, increased accessible spectrum, low latency efficiency and much higher speed as compared to Wi Fi. The aim of this research paper is to design a Li Fi transceiver using Arduino which is able to transmit and receive data in binary format. The software coding is done in Arduino Uno platform. Successful transmission and reception of data(alphanumeric) has been done.
Inefficient Tailoring: The Private Ordering Paradox in Corporate Law
Year: 2017

The conventional wisdom in corporate law posits that private ordering has an important virtue: it allows firms to efficiently tailor governance terms to their particular needs. This virtue is routinely advanced to justify the largely "enabling" structure of U.S. corporate law, and to oppose "one size fits all" mandatory regulation. This Article argues that private ordering frequently produces inefficient tailoring of corporate governance terms firms that need governance constraints are precisely the ones that do not volunteer to implement them. In theory, the conventional approach assumes that these firms will implement constraints voluntarily because otherwise they would be disciplined by market forces and IPO pricing. Yet such reliance on market discipline has an inherent paradox: the firms that would benefit most from governance constraints are precisely the ones that are subject to weak market discipline, and this Article argues, to inadequate penalties in IPO pricing. Evidence from myriad studies and contexts suggests that firms' needs for constraints are often not, or negatively, correlated with having them. For exam ple, the inclination to cross list on US exchanges is negatively correlated with controlling shareholders' private benefits, and with the cross listing premium; firms that benefitted from independent directors were precisely the ones that did not have them prior to SOX; managers of firms that investors believed would benefit most from proxy access were precisely those who were most likely to contest them; Nevada's lax fiduciary duties attract firms that are prone to finan cial reporting failures. The Article concludes with implications for data interpre tation and corporate law policy.
Fine grained detection of inverse tone mapping in HDR images
Venue: Signal Process.
Year: 2018

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging enables to capture the full range of physical luminance of a real world scene, and is expected to progressively replace traditional low dynamic range (LDR) pictures and videos. Despite the increasing HDR popularity, very little attention has been devoted to new forensic problems that are characteristic to this content. In this paper, we address for the first time such kind of problem, by identifying the source of an HDR picture. Specifically, we consider the two currently most common techniques to generate an HDR image: by fusing multiple LDR images with different exposure time, or by inverse tone mapping an LDR picture. We show that, in order to apply conventional forensic tools to HDR images, they need to be properly preprocessed, and we propose and evaluate a few simple HDR forensic preprocessing strategies for this purpose. In addition, we propose a new forensic feature based on Fisher scores, calculated under Gaussian mixture models. We show that the proposed feature outperforms the popular SPAM features in classifying the HDR image source on image blocks as small as 3 x 3, which makes our method suitable to detect composite forgeries combining HDR patches originating from different acquisition processes.
Educators and Learner's Perceptions on English First Additional Language Speaker's Use of English as Medium of Instruction
Year: 2017

This study investigates Educators' and learners' perceptions on English first additional language speakers' use of English as medium of instruction in the East London district. The perceptions are uncovered from the interviews and analysis of the learners' books. The data is analyzed against the background of the socio economic and historical factors that led to this medium of instruction. The theoretical and conceptual framework for the study is provided by studies on language policy and planning, English as an international language, and Language as a mediating tool. The study makes use of a qualitative research method which includes interviews, observation and analysis of learners' books. This data is analyzed using content analysis (CA).Keywords: Language Policy. Medium of Instruction. Educators. Learners.
Risk of Recurrent Disease and Surgery Following an Admission for Acute Diverticulitis
Venue: Diseases of the colon and rectum
Year: 2018

Diverticular disease accounts for significant morbidity and mortality and may take the form of recurrent episodes of acute diverticulitis. The role of elective surgery is not clearly defined.  This study aimed to define the rate of hospital admission for recurrent acute diverticulitis and risk factors associated with recurrence and surgery.  This is a retrospective population based cohort study.  National Health Service hospital admissions for acute diverticulitis in England between April 2006 and March 2011 were reviewed.  Hospital Episode Statistics data identified adult patients with the first episode of acute diverticulitis (index admission) and then identified recurrent admissions and elective or emergency surgery for acute diverticulitis during a minimum follow up period of 4 years. Exclusion criteria included previous diagnoses of acute diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, or GI bleeding, and prior colectomy or surgery or death during the index admission.  There were no interventions.  The primary outcomes measured were recurrent admissions for acute diverticulitis and patients requiring either elective or emergency surgery during the study period.  Some 65,162 patients were identified with the first episode of acute diverticulitis. The rate of hospital admission for recurrent acute diverticulitis was 11.2% A logistic regression model examined factors associated with recurrent acute diverticulitis and surgery: patient age, female sex, smoking, obesity, comorbidity score >20, dyslipidemia, and complicated acute diverticulitis increased the risk of recurrent acute diverticulitis. There was an inverse relationship between patient age and recurrence. Similar factors were associated with elective and emergency surgery.  The cases of acute diverticulitis required inpatient management and the use of Hospital Episode Statistics, relying on the accuracy of diagnostic coding.  This is the largest study assessing the rates of hospital admission for recurrent acute diverticulitis. Knowledge of the rate and risk factors for recurrent acute diverticulitis is required to aid discussion and decision making with patients regarding the need and timing of elective surgery. Some factors associated with recurrence are modifiable; therefore, weight reduction and smoking cessation can be championed. See Video Abstract at http:/links.lww.com/DCR/A449.