nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN SCHOOL
Year: 2015

Under the increasing pressure of globalization epoch, which dictated the need of adopting informatization reform, the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1997 started operating a systematic state policy for informatization of education. Many scholarly papers show that the success of the educational reform efforts depend not only on the ability of the government to supply all schools with ICT, but also on the ability to make teachers possess positive attitudes toward ICT integration. This study will contribute to the existing knowledge by providing a real picture of the process of ICT integration in Kazakhstani secondary schools through the lens of the main facilitators of this process teachers. Most of previous studies pointed out that ICT's successful integration in school is supposed to have a positive impact on students' academic motivation. However, these topics received little attention in the literature. In order to fill up the gap in our knowledge, the purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the teachers' attitudes toward ICT, examining the relationship between their attitudes and students' academic motivation. The study applies the Mixed Methods (a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods) Explanatory Sequential Design, which aims to provide a better understanding of the research problem and questions than either method used by itself.
Limited Attention, Marital Events, and Hedge Funds
Year: 2016

We explore the impact of limited attention by analyzing the performance of hedge fund managers who are distracted by marital events. We find that marriages and divorces are associated with significantly lower fund alpha, during the six month period surrounding and the two year period after the event. Busy managers who manage multiple funds and who are not part of a team are more affected by marital transitions. Inattentive managers place fewer active bets relative to their style peers, load more on index stocks, exhibit higher R squareds with respect to systematic factors, and are more prone to the disposition effect.
Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) migration in Australian waters using passive acoustic monitoring
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2019

The fin whale is a globally endangered species and is listed as threatened in Australia, however no peer reviewed studies are available to indicate the migratory movements of the species in Australian waters. This study uses passive acoustic monitoring as a tool to identify the migratory movements of fin whales in Australian waters. Sampling was conducted from eight locations around Australia between 2009 and 2017, providing a total of 37 annual migratory records. Taken together, our observations provide evidence of fin whale migration through Australian waters, with earliest arrival of the animals recorded on the Western Australian coast, at Cape Leeuwin in April. The whales travel through Cape Leeuwin, migrating northward along the Western Australian coast to the Perth Canyon (May to October) which likely acts as a way station for feeding. Some whales continue migrating as far north as Dampier (19degS) On Australia's east coast, at Tuncurry, fin whale seasonal presence each year occurred later, from June to late September/October. A total of only 8,024 fin whale pulses were recorded on the east coast, compared to 177,328 pulses recorded at the Perth Canyon. We suggest these differences, as well as the spatial separation between coasts, provide preliminary evidence that the fin whales present on the east and west coasts constitute separate sub populations.
Initiatives en Matiere de Gestion des Dechets Solides Municipaux (DSM) Vers l'Emergence d'une Economie Verte dans la Ville de Dschang, Cameroun
Year: 2020

La gestion des dechets est une preoccupation majeure pour la ville de Dschang qui ne beneficie pas du service d'enlevement par HYSACAM4, l'operateur prive present dans d'autres villes et subventionne par l'Etat. Pour faire face a ce probleme, la ville a mis sur pied plusieurs initiatives grace a la cooperation decentralisee et au partenariat public prive. Pour mettre en evidence l'impact qu'ont ces initiatives dans la construction d'une economie verte, une enquete a ete conduite aupres de 269 menages, 61 commercants, 52 utilisateurs du compost, 20 composteurs. Des donnees relatives a l'activite de precollecte, a la production du compost, sa commercialisation et au monitoring carbone ont ete collectees aupres de l'Agence Municipale de Gestion des Dechets (AMGED) Le traitement statistique et l'analyse thematique des donnees quantitatives et qualitatives revelent la mise en place, a partir de la gestion des dechets a Dschang, d'activites generatrices de revenus et contribuant a la protection de l'environnement. Avec 79% des menages qui paie le service a la fin du mois, l'activite de precollecte a permis a une structure de tendre vers l'equilibre financier. Grace a la precollecte participative, les quartiers peu accessibles sont desormais integres. La transformation des dechets biodegradables en compost permet d'eviter les emissions des gaz a effet de serre, d'avoir un intrant pour l'agriculture locale et des recettes issues de sa vente. Le compostage communautaire qui met en commun plusieurs menages, redynamise le lien social. Au total, 80 emplois verts ont ete crees pour un revenu minimum mensuel de 40 000 FCFA soit 60 euros. Waste management is a major concern for the town of Dschang who are not benefiting from the HYSACAM collection services, a private service operating in other cities and subsidized by the State. In addressing this problem, the city has employed several initiatives through decentralized cooperation and public private partnership. This paper focuses on highlighting the impact of these initiatives in the building of a green economy. To achieve this, a survey was conducted on 269 households, 61 traders, 52 compost users, and 20 composters. Data relating to pre collection activity, compost production, marketing, and carbon monitoring was collected from the Municipal Waste Management Agency (MWMA) Statistical processing and thematic analysis of quantitative and qualitative data revealed the income generating activities and environmental protection through waste management in Dschang. With a coverage rate of 79% the participatory pre collection has generated an operator that tends towards financial autonomy. Due to participatory pre collection, inaccessible neighbourhoods are now integrated. Composting organic waste reduces greenhouse gas emissions, generates revenue, and produces organic manure for the development of local agriculture. Community composting revitalizes social ties. In total, 80 green jobs were created for a minimum monthly income of 40,000 FCFA or 60 Euros.
Phylogenetic niche conservatism, phylogenetic signal and the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity among species.
Venue: Ecology letters
Year: 2008

Ecologists are increasingly adopting an evolutionary perspective, and in recent years, the idea that closely related species are ecologically similar has become widespread. In this regard, phylogenetic signal must be distinguished from phylogenetic niche conservatism. Phylogenetic niche conservatism results when closely related species are more ecologically similar that would be expected based on their phylogenetic relationships; its occurrence suggests that some process is constraining divergence among closely related species. In contrast, phylogenetic signal refers to the situation in which ecological similarity between species is related to phylogenetic relatedness; this is the expected outcome of Brownian motion divergence and thus is necessary, but not sufficient, evidence for the existence of phylogenetic niche conservatism. Although many workers consider phylogenetic niche conservatism to be common, a review of case studies indicates that ecological and phylogenetic similarities often are not related. Consequently, ecologists should not assume that phylogenetic niche conservatism exists, but rather should empirically examine the extent to which it occurs.
Contextualized Spiral Learning of Computer Programming in Brazilian Vocational Secondary Education
Venue: 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)
Year: 2018

This innovative practice full paper presents an experience report of an approach carried out with students of a vocational secondary program in Informatics, in an introductory course on Computer Programming. In Brazil, in addition to the undergraduate education, an important part of professional education is based on technical vocational secondary programs, geared towards faster training and practice. In information technology (IT) vocational programs, high levels of dropout and failure are frequent. Much of this failure happens in computer programming courses. Various factors contribute to the lack of student motivation and, thus, to the high professional deficit in the field of IT. This work presents an experience report of an approach used with students of a technical vocational IT program. The approach is based on activity contextualization, environments for novices and a spiral learning approach. The experience was split into three contextualized blocks: Figures, Games and Images. In each block, concepts are (re)introduced and deepened in a spiral way. Lessons learned suggest that: context change impacts student motivation, the approach is partially adequate to the audience, the Scratch tool contributes to learning programming concepts, and appropriate tools help transitioning between block based and text based programming languages.
Factors promoting and hindering the adoption of management accounting tools. Evidence from Italian manufacturing SMEs
Year: 2020

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence of the factors considered relevant in promoting the adoption of Management Accounting (MA) tools, and those able to hinder their spread in Italian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) This study represents a bridge between theory and practice as it allows us to investigate which MA tools are adopted in a firms daily practice and which are the main factors fostering/hindering MA tools implementation. In 2018 a ques tionnaire was sent to a total population of 1,100 Italian manufacturing SMEs; 102 responses were obtained. The findings show that SMEs mainly use budgeting tools, customer satisfaction, benchmarking analysis, economic and financial indexes. Additionally, the principal variable promoting the adoption of MA practices seems to be the competition increase, which is an input deriving from outside rising the information needs of entrepreneurs. Internal firm specific factors significantly contribute to favouring the adoption of MA tools, particularly a corporate culture oriented to the management control to support decision making processes, pro moted by entrepreneurs and employees. Contrary, the lack of knowledge concern ing the potentiality of MA tools and the lack of resources would seem to hinder the spread of these tools. Thus, the role of entrepreneurs, employees, and Universities in promoting knowledge transferring and sharing becomes pivotal to adopt effec tive MAS.
A Low cost Fault Corrector for Deep Neural Networks through Range Restriction
Venue: 2021 51st Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)
Year: 2021

The adoption of deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety critical domains has engendered serious reliability concerns. A prominent example is hardware transient faults that are growing in frequency due to the progressive technology scaling, and can lead to failures in DNNs. This work proposes Ranger, a low cost fault corrector, which directly rectifies the faulty output due to transient faults without re computation. DNNs are inherently resilient to benign faults (which will not cause output corruption) but not to critical faults (which can result in erroneous output) Ranger is an automated transformation to selectively restrict the value ranges in DNNs, which reduces the large deviations caused by critical faults and transforms them to benign faults that can be tolerated by the inherent resilience of the DNNs. Our evaluation on 8 DNNs demonstrates Ranger significantly increases the error resilience of the DNNs (by 3x to 50x) with no loss in accuracy, and with negligible overheads.
La femme orientale dans La vie mysterieuse des Harems: une eternelle recluse?
Year: 2016

Le recit de voyage de Henriette Celarie consacre aux harems de Marrakech est subdivise en dix chapitres simulant les differents deplacements de la voyageuse ecrivaine dans cette ville et ses alentours. Des l'incipit Henriette Celarie developpe une vue panoramique de Marrakech lui permettant de segmenter la ville en deux espaces differents ici et ailleurs et constate que cette ville a connu des changements par rapport a ce qu'elle etait trois ans auparavant Je n'avais pas revu Marrakech depuis trois ans. Aux alentours de la place Djmaa el F'na et de la koutoubia la ville indigene a change. Il y a eu des embellissements des constructions nouvelles. Sous des arcades comme celles de certaines rues parisiennes; des magasins europeens, des cafes se sont ouverts. Ailleurs, Allah en soit loue, tout est reste semblable a soi meme. (La vie mysterieuse 5) L'<ici> qui correspond a la ville moderne (ou a ce qui sera appele par la suite Marrakech Gueliz) est apprehende sous l'angle evolutionniste des constructions nouvelles, des cafes et des magasins rappelant <certaines rues parisiennes> ont vu le jour aux alentours de la place Djmaa el F'na.
Who should teach? A Chinese teacher candidate's understandings of a good teacher and racialised experiences
Year: 2017

Being a good teacher depends on many cultural and linguistic assumptions. Dominant definitions of a good teacher are often based on these implicit assumptions. Probing notions of a good teacher, we examine the endeavors of a Chinese international pre service teacher, Ling, to become a "good teacher" through her encounters with micro aggression in the context of her coursework and fieldwork at a U.S. university. The data presented here were collected through semi structured interviews and field notes from 2014 to 2015 as part of a larger ethnographic case study. We find that the process of becoming a good teacher depends on many cultural and linguistic assumptions that are linked to micro aggression. We conclude by reflecting on Ling's understanding of a good teacher in light of dominant views on the matter and her ambivalence to speak up, and make recommendations for further research to allow for alternative views of good teachers to coexist.
A Survey on Malware Detection Using Data Mining Techniques
Venue: ACM Comput. Surv.
Year: 2017

In the Internet age, malware (such as viruses, trojans, ransomware, and bots) has posed serious and evolving security threats to Internet users. To protect legitimate users from these threats, anti malware software products from different companies, including Comodo, Kaspersky, Kingsoft, and Symantec, provide the major defense against malware. Unfortunately, driven by the economic benefits, the number of new malware samples has explosively increased: anti malware vendors are now confronted with millions of potential malware samples per year. In order to keep on combating the increase in malware samples, there is an urgent need to develop intelligent methods for effective and efficient malware detection from the real and large daily sample collection. In this article, we first provide a brief overview on malware as well as the anti malware industry, and present the industrial needs on malware detection. We then survey intelligent malware detection methods. In these methods, the process of detection is usually divided into two stages: feature extraction and classification/clustering. The performance of such intelligent malware detection approaches critically depend on the extracted features and the methods for classification/clustering. We provide a comprehensive investigation on both the feature extraction and the classification/clustering techniques. We also discuss the additional issues and the challenges of malware detection using data mining techniques and finally forecast the trends of malware development.
Benzoic Acid and Its Hydroxylated Derivatives Suppress Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani) via the Induction of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Machinery
Venue: Journal of fungi
Year: 2021

Tomato early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is a destructive foliar fungal disease. Herein, the potential defensive roles of benzoic acid (BA) and two of its hydroxylated derivatives, r hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) against A. solani were investigated. All tested compounds showed strong dose dependent fungistatic activity against A. solani and significantly reduced the disease development. Benzoic acid, and its hydroxylated derivatives, enhanced vegetative growth and yield traits. Moreover, BA and its derivatives induce the activation of enzymatic (POX, PPO, CAT, SlAPXs, and SlSODs) and non enzymatic (phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids) antioxidant defense machinery to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis within infected leaves. Additionally, BA and its hydroxylated derivatives induce the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and its biosynthetic genes including isochorismate synthase (SlICS) aldehyde oxidases (SlAO1 and SlAO2) and phenylalanine ammonia lyases (SlPAL1, SlPAL2, SlPAL3, SlPAL5, and SlPAL6) Higher SA levels were associated with upregulation of pathogenesis related proteins (SlPR 1, SlPR1a2, SlPRB1 2, SlPR4, SlPR5, SlPR6) nonexpressor of pathogenesis related protein 1 (SlNPR1) and salicylic acid binding protein (SlSABP2) These findings outline the potential application of BA and its hydroxylated derivatives as a sustainable alternative control strategy for early blight disease and also deciphering the physiological and biochemical mechanisms behind their protective role.
A cellular automata traffic flow model combined with a BP neural network based microscopic lane changing decision model
Venue: J. Intell. Transp. Syst.
Year: 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose a cellular automata (CA) traffic flow model with high accuracy for lane change decision and name it LCCAM. A driving simulator experiment was conducted to find factors affecting lane changing decisions. A back propagate (BP) neural network was used to obtain the lane changing rules for the microscopic lane changing decision model (LCDM) and the collected accurate vehicular trajectory data were used to train the BP neural networks for the prediction of lane changes. After comparing different input variable combinations, the most accurate input setting was determined, including the locations and velocities of neighboring vehicles, inner/outer lane indicator, and the speed limits of the corresponding lane. Then, the determined BP neural network was adopted in the LCCAM as the LCDM. Simulation results showed that the LCCAM can capture important characteristics such as the mean velocities and the number of lane changes well, by comparing with observed traffic flow. Meanwhile, the LCCAM illustrates a better performance in replicating the number of lane changes than the other reference CA models. The research results show that the LCCAM proposed in this study will have potential and value for autonomous driving and active safety analysis in the future.
Supervisory Control of Networked Control Systems
Year: 2006

This project's objective was to develop methods for the reliable and robust control of dynamical systems over wireless communication networks. Specific accomplishments of this project were the identification of fundamental bounds on the optimal control system performance achievable with bit rate limited feedback, liveness enforcing supervisory control of concurrent systems modelled by Petri nets, methods ensuring cohesive swarming of multi agent systems under consensus filtering, adaptive real time scheduling methods for feedback control, and the development of a wireless autonomous mobile robot testbed.
New very massive stars in Cygnus OB 2 Journal Item
Year: 2020

The compact association Cygnus OB2 is known to contain a large population of massive stars, but its total mass is currently a matter of debate. While recent surveys have uncovered large numbers of OB stars in the area around Cyg OB2, detailed study of the optically brightest among them suggests that most are not part of the association.  We observed an additional sample of optically faint OB star candidates, with the aim of checking if more obscured candidates are correspondingly more likely to be members of Cyg OB2.  Low resolution spectra of 9 objects allow the rejection of one foreground star and the selection of four O type stars, which were later observed at higher resolution. In a subsequent run, we observed three more stars in the classification region and three other stars in the far red.  We identify five (perhaps six) new evolved very massive stars and three main sequence O type stars, all of which are likely to be members of Cyg OB2. The new findings allow a much better definition of the upper HR diagram, suggesting an age ~2.5 Myr for the association and hinting that the O3 5 supergiants in the association are blue stragglers, either younger or following a different evolutionary path from other cluster members. Though the bulk of the early stars seems to belong to an (approximately) single age population, there is ample evidence for the presence of somewhat older stars at the same distance.  Our results suggest that, even though Cyg OB2 is unlikely to contain as many as 100 O type stars, it is indeed substantially more massive than was thought prior to recent infrared surveys.
Space A Virtual Frontier: How to Design and Evaluate a Virtual Reality Experience of the Overview Effect
Venue: Front. Digit. Humanit.
Year: 2019

A select group of people have an amazing opportunity to see the Earth from a unique perspective in outer space. The effect this experience has on an individual is described as extraordinary and profound, consisting of a cognitive shift in worldview that leads to the understanding of the fragility and vulnerability of the planet, and an increased feeling of connectedness. This experience, termed the `Overview Effect' has been reported by many astronauts and space travelers. Its key outcome an enhanced feeling of interconnectedness contributes to both one's well being and the sense of responsibility for the Earth. If this profoundly positive experience can be accessible to more people than just space travelers, a healthier and more caring society may be created, where individuals deeply feel the interconnection of all living beings and responsibility for our collective future. Given virtual reality (VR) technology's potential to induce experiences affecting an immersant in a similar way as a real experience, we see an opportunity to leverage this technology to attempt to elicit the Overview Effect as a virtual experience. Through a virtual installation, the experience could be made accessible to people around the world, and for researchers to study this otherwise rare phenomenon. This article builds the case for VR as a tool for inducing the Overview Effect, and proposes guidelines for: 1) the design of the experience; 2) evaluation methods for assessing if, or to what degree, the experience was achieved. We invite researchers and VR creators to utilize and expand on the guidelines proposed in this paper to design transformative VR experiences that induce positive change, and promote a feeling of connectedness and care for each other, and our Spaceship Earth.