nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Implicit field learning for unsupervised anomaly detection in medical images
Venue: MICCAI
Year: 2021

We propose a novel unsupervised out of distribution detection method for medical images based on implicit fields image representations. In our approach, an auto decoder feed forward neural network learns the distribution of healthy images in the form of a mapping between spatial coordinates and probabilities over a proxy for tissue types. At inference time, the learnt distribution is used to retrieve, from a given test image, a restoration, i.e. an image maximally consistent with the input one but belonging to the healthy distribution. Anomalies are localized using the voxel wise probability predicted by our model for the restored image. We tested our approach in the task of unsupervised localization of gliomas on brain MR images and compared it to several other VAE based anomaly detection methods. Results show that the proposed technique substantially outperforms them (average DICE 0.640 vs 0.518 for the best performing VAE based alternative) while also requiring considerably less computing time.
Land use change, urbanization, and change in landscape pattern in a metropolitan area.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2019

This paper analyzes land use change, urbanization and their impact on the change in landscape pattern in Tabriz metropolitan area (TMA) during the time period from 1996 to 2016 in order to provide support sustainable regional planning. For this purpose, land use data obtained from satellite images including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors for 1996, 2006, and 2016 with 30 x 30 m spatial resolution. This paper first seeks to analyze the changes in land use and urbanization, followed by changes in landscape patterns by using spatial metrics and Landscape Expansion Index (LEI) Then, using two methods of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) magnitude and direction of the relationship between land use changes, urbanization, and change in landscape patterns are analyzed. The findings show that most ecological lands such as grasslands have been converted into bare and urban lands over the past two decades. Therefore, in the whole landscape, the expansion of urbanization has led to the prevailing pattern, resulting in increased fragmentation and reduced aggregation. The results also show that changes in landscape patterns have a strong relationship with changes in various land uses. In addition, GWR analysis was used to analyze the impact of urbanization on changes in landscape patterns, indicating that urbanization expansion has different effects with changes in spatial positions, so that in areas adjacent to the built up lands and the central regions of TMA, with increasing urbanization, we see increasing aggregation in the landscape, but as we move away from the built up areas, are faced with an increase in fragmentation and heterogeneity, especially in the northeastern, south and southwest areas of TMR.
Comparison of responsiveness of Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, and Duruoz Hand Index in patients with traumatic hand injury.
Venue: Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation
Year: 2019

Patient reported outcome measures assessing self reported disability, pain, and function are primary endpoints for determination of optimal treatment strategies in hand related conditions. In this study, we aimed to compare responsiveness of Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and Duruoz Hand Index (DHI) in patients with traumatic hand injury.  Consecutive patients with traumatic hand injury who were referred to our polyclinic for rehabilitation were included in the study. Depending on clinical status, patients underwent at least 14 sessions of physical therapy consisting of infrared heating, water submersion ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and exercise. MHQ, DASH, and DHI questionnaires were filled in by all patients both before and 3 months after physical therapy.  A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. MHQ (ES 1.89; SRM 1.84) DASH (ES 1.66; SRM 1.40) and DHI (ES 1.68; SRM 1.48) were all highly responsive in traumatic hand injuries.  Our study demonstrated that MHQ, DASH, and DHI are very responsive questionnaires for detection of treatment induced changes in patients with traumatic hand injury. We suggest that when it is only intended to assess hand disability or when a quick assessment is desirable, DASH or DHI are more suitable, whereas MHQ will be more useful when a more detailed assessment including pain and aesthetical concerns is required.
Processing of Drone's Digital Image for Determining Border of Rice Fields with Edge Detection Method
Venue: EPI International Journal of Engineering
Year: 2019

Edge detection was the basic thing used in most image processing applications to get information from the image frame as a beginning for extracting the features of the segmentation object that will be detected. Nowadays, many edge detection methods create doubts in choosing the right edge detection method and according to image conditions. Based on the problems, a study was conducted to compare the performance of edge detection using methods of canny, Sobel and laplacian by using object of rice field. The program was created by using the Python programming language on OpenCV. The result of the study on one image test that the Canny method produces thin and smooth edges and did not omit the important information on the image while it has required a lot of computing time. Classification is generally started from the data acquisition process; pre processing and post processing. Canny edge detection can detect actual edges with minimum error rates and produce optimal image edges. The threshold value obtained from the Canny method was the best and optimal threshold value for each method. The result of a test by comparing the three methods showed that the Canny edge detection method gives better results in determining the rice field boundary, which was 90% compared to Sobel 87% and laplacian 89%
Undergraduate Students' Critical Online Reasoning Process Mining Analysis
Venue: Frontiers in Psychology
Year: 2020

To successfully learn using open Internet resources, students must be able to critically search, evaluate and select online information, and verify sources. Defined as critical online reasoning (COR) this construct is operationalized on two levels in our study: (1) the student level using the newly developed Critical Online Reasoning Assessment (CORA) and (2) the online information processing level using event log data, including gaze durations and fixations. The written responses of 32 students for one CORA task were scored by three independent raters. The resulting score was operationalized as "task performance," whereas the gaze fixations and durations were defined as indicators of "process performance." Following a person oriented approach, we conducted a process mining (PM) analysis, as well as a latent class analysis (LCA) to test whether following the dual process theory the undergraduates could be distinguished into two groups based on both their process and task performance. Using PM, the process performance of all 32 students was visualized and compared, indicating two distinct response process patterns. One group of students (11) defined as "strategic information processers," processed online information more comprehensively, as well as more efficiently, which was also reflected in their higher task scores. In contrast, the distributions of the process performance variables for the other group (21) defined as "avoidance information processers," indicated a poorer process performance, which was also reflected in their lower task scores. In the LCA, where two student groups were empirically distinguished by combining the process performance indicators and the task score as a joint discriminant criterion, we confirmed these two COR profiles, which were reflected in high vs. low process and task performances. The estimated parameters indicated that high performing students were significantly more efficient at conducting strategic information processing, as reflected in their higher process performance. These findings are so far based on quantitative analyses using event log data. To enable a more differentiated analysis of students' visual attention dynamics, more in depth qualitative research of the identified student profiles in terms of COR will be required.
Alternative route for magnetite processing for lower carbon footprint iron making through lime magnetite pellets containing CaFe3O5
Year: 2020

Magnetite is relatively harder to reduce compared to hematite and present practise of magnetite processing involves its oxidation to hematite during pelletisation, followed by subsequent reduction in the blast furnace. In this paper, we establish the feasibility of forming a reducible CaFe3O5 (CWF) phase through the addition of lime to magnetite that can be directly charged to iron making units. This new approach will potentially provide a better process route (in terms of CO2 emissions) for the production of iron. Thermodynamic assessment was carried out to understand the suitable range of temperature, composition and oxygen partial pressure for CWF stability. Experiments were carried out using laboratory grade chemicals and products were characterised using XRD, SEM and EDX. Reducibility of CWF phase was measured using scaled down standardised tests and was found to be comparable to industrial sinters. Compressive strength of the CWF pellets was in the range of 14 to 35 MPa.
Presbyopic spectacle coverage and barriers to near vision correction among adult population in ido local government area, Southwest Nigeria
Year: 2017

The magnitude of presbyopes with appropriate near vision correction is low globally and spectacles' correction remains cost effective option for low and middle income countries.  The objective of this study was to determine presbyopia correction coverage (PCC) presbyopic met need and unmet need, willingness to pay for a pair of near vision spectacles, and barriers to usage of near vision spectacles among adults aged 40 years and above in a semiurban population of Southwest Nigeria.  A cross sectional, population based study was carried out on 440 participants who were 40 years and above. Participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. Participants had refraction for both distance and near vision. Information on the use, barriers, and source of near vision spectacle was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 22 (IBM Corp. New York, USA)  A total of 440 participants were examined. Male to female ratio was 1:1.2 and the mean age of the participants was 51 8 years. The PCC in the study was 27.3% with met need of 20.5% and unmet need of 54.5% The major barriers to usage of near spectacles in this study were "not a priority" at 38.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.3 44.5) and "not aware of the problem" at 34.7% (95% CI 28.7 40.7) Most of the participants (75.7% were willing to pay at least 1000 naira (US$6) for a pair of near spectacles; hence, cost was not a significant barrier.  The PCC in the area was low. Basic eye screening and refractive services should be incorporated into primary eye care for easy accessibility by the adult population in this area.
An Implementation of Real time Measurement and Assessment System for Power Quality Characteristics of Grid Connected Wind Turbines
Year: 2010

The renewable resource are getting more attentions with increased concerns on the depletion of fossil fuels and several environmental issues like emission problem. Wind power is a representative option among several renewable sources and the generation capacity using wind power is being increased. However, the wind generation is so volatile on its output characteristic, so it is required to assess the grid impact of wind power generation by measuring the fluctuation effect more precisely. This paper proposes the method for measuring the generation output according to IEC 61400 21(Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines) to assess the power quality of wind turbine generation. In addition, it shows an application case to a small scale wind power generator. In the case study, it suggests a structure design of the proposed measurement instrument both on hardware and software aspects, which is composed of a remote monitoring data analysis program and an FPGA based real time signal processing device.
Financial Instability and Consumption based Carbon Emission in E 7 Countries: The Role of Trade and Economic Growth
Venue: Sustainable Production and Consumption
Year: 2021

The present study examines the effects of financial instability on consumption based carbon emission in the presence of international trade, technological innovation, and economic growth in Emerging Seven (E 7) countries from 1995 2018. This study employed second and third generation panel cointegration methodologies. The result of the cross sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity test confirms that the panels are correlated, and there exists slope heterogeneity. The results for the short and long run confirm the relationship between consumption based carbon emission, financial instability, imports, exports, technological innovation, and economic growth. In both the short and long run, imports and economic growth enhances carbon emission, whereas financial instability, technological innovation, and exports significantly reduce consumption based carbon emission. The robustness check findings obtained using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) further validate the results. Policymakers should make financial reforms that actively encourage and give incentives to firms that adopt efficient and environmentally friendly technologies, reducing energy consumption, and carbon emission.
Association between molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer and patient survival.
Venue: Gastroenterology
Year: 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can develop via several pathways. Different CRC subtypes, identified based on tumor markers, have been proposed to reflect these pathways. We evaluated the significance of these previously proposed classifications to survival.  Participants in the population based Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry were diagnosed with invasive CRC from 1998 through 2007 in western Washington State (N 2706) and followed for survival through 2012. Tumor samples were collected from 2050 participants and classified into 5 subtypes based on combinations of tumor markers: type 1 (microsatellite instability [MSI] high, CpG island methylator phenotype [CIMP] positive, positive for BRAF mutation, negative for KRAS mutation) type 2 (microsatellite stable [MSS] or MSI low, CIMP positive, positive for BRAF mutation, negative for KRAS mutation) type 3 (MSS or MSI low, non CIMP, negative for BRAF mutation, positive for KRAS mutation) type 4 (MSS or MSI low, non CIMP, negative for mutations in BRAF and KRAS) and type 5 (MSI high, non CIMP, negative for mutations in BRAF and KRAS) Multiple imputation was used to impute tumor markers for those missing data on 1 3 markers. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of subtypes with disease specific and overall mortality, adjusting for age, sex, body mass, diagnosis year, and smoking history.  Compared with participants with type 4 tumors (the most predominant) participants with type 2 tumors had the highest disease specific mortality (HR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.47 3.31) subjects with type 3 tumors also had higher disease specific mortality (HR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07 1.63) Subjects with type 5 tumors had the lowest disease specific mortality (HR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14 0.66) Associations with overall mortality were similar to those with disease specific mortality.  Based on a large, population based study, CRC subtypes, defined by proposed etiologic pathways, are associated with marked differences in survival. These findings indicate the clinical importance of studies into the molecular heterogeneity of CRC.
Customer Opinion Summarization Based on Twitter Conversations
Venue: WIMS
Year: 2016

As Twitter gains popularity, millions of messages are generated every day via this platform allowing people to communicate with each other through daily chatter and public conversations. This social content is usually considered more subjective than professional articles involving a lot of opinions and thoughts. This has stimulated many companies to use tweets to keep track and have general overview on their customer opinions about the brand. The conversational element of Twitter is of particular interest to the marketing community. However, most studies on summarizing customer opinions through Twitter, have so far employed single tweets rather than considering the whole conversations. As tweets are limited to 140 characters and usually written in an informal way, it is frequently hard to detect the exact meaning of the tweet when taken separately. In this paper, we propose a new approach for customer opinion summarization based on Twitter conversations named COSTwiC. We employ a new conversation based method that employs conversation interactions to effectively extract the different product features as well as the polarity of the conversation messages. Experimentations show promising results. In particular, we have proved that incorporating conversation structure in the opinion summarization task contributes to improving system performance.
PeptoGrid Rescoring Function for AutoDock Vina to Identify New Bioactive Molecules from Short Peptide Libraries
Venue: Molecules
Year: 2019

Peptides are promising drug candidates due to high specificity and standout safety. Identification of bioactive peptides de novo using molecular docking is a widely used approach. However, current scoring functions are poorly optimized for peptide ligands. In this work, we present a novel algorithm PeptoGrid that rescores poses predicted by AutoDock Vina according to frequency information of ligand atoms with particular properties appearing at different positions in the target protein's ligand binding site. We explored the relevance of PeptoGrid ranking with a virtual screening of peptide libraries using angiotensin converting enzyme and GABAB receptor as targets. A reasonable agreement between the computational and experimental data suggests that PeptoGrid is suitable for discovering functional leads.
Modelling Outcomes in Canadian Professional Football via Generalized Bradley Terry Models
Year: 2019

An introduction into the mechanics of tackle football, and the factors that differentiate it from other sports, is provided in the context of the challenges these provide in terms of predicting game outcomes. Additional complicating factors specific to predicting outcomes of Canadian Football League (CFL) games are identified and discussed. The Bradley Terry Model and various generalizations are presented as potentially useful for making such predictions, alongside derivations of well known minorization maximization (MM) algorithms and descriptions Artificial Neural Network (ANN) processes that can be leveraged to estimate such models' parameters. Various candidate models, parameterized by regular season CFL game outcomes from 2004 2017, are performance tested against post season playoff game outcomes to relatively assess their prospective usefulness.
Cloud Computing Awareness in Malaysia Construction industry
Year: 2019

The construction industry has been treated by fragmentation, lack of integration and complexities in processes and activities which could ultimately bring a negative impact to the construction project success. Therefore, collaboration is very important with the purpose to improve the productivity and effectiveness of construction management and to ensure the efficient utilization of resources. Cloud computing is the latest technology which has acted as a platform to support access to applications, information and services by using only an internet connection. However, it is doubt that the construction stakeholders are aware and use the cloud computing. Thus, the purpose of this research is to determine the awareness of cloud computing and identify the reasons of engagement with cloud computing in Malaysia construction industry. This research was focused on the main contractors within Johore Bahru only. In this research, the research method used quantitative approach and descriptive analysis includes frequency analysis and mean score to interpret the data. From the finding of the research, the Malaysian construction professions have the awareness on cloud computing. However, their level of knowledge is at low level. The concept of cloud computing is still new and it is still in the infant stage of its development in Malaysia construction industry.
Do offenders' life goals reflect locus of control and personality traits?
Year: 2014

According to the Good Lives Model (Ward, 2002) it is imperative that offenders in rehabilitation recognize which life goals are important to them and how they can achieve a 'good life. Including the evaluation of life goals in treatment can be beneficial not only for the individuals being treated but for the community into which they are transitioning. Seventy six male, residential offenders were assessed on type and perception of life goals during semi structured interviews. They also completed a personality inventory, locus of control scale, and self esteem scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses for types of goals and perception of goals were conducted to examine the hypothesized predictions. Results indicate that higher levels of openness and an internal locus of control predicted the presence of personal growth goals, and emotional stability is the strongest predictor of positive goal perception for this offender sample. Findings from this study have implications for the use of goals and the importance of emotional stability in treatment of offenders.
Model based optimization of in silico fed batch ethanol production process using genetic algorithm
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (EAIS)
Year: 2016

In the present work a Non Linear Model Predictive Control (NLMPC) procedure for in silico ethanol production maximization will be presented for a fed batch process, configuration which is widespread found in the industrial scope, using an Genetic Algorithm (GA) routine. The dynamic optimization problem was subdivided in a series of sequential intervals for optimization, and the influence of the number of intervals was also studied in terms of the final yield and productivity obtained in the NLMPC. In order to ensure for smooth feed profiles, a exponential bioreactor feeding profile was evaluated. The results obtained in this work are coherent to the other presented in the literature, and superior to some published values. The utilization of the in house GA routine for the NLMPC control has proven to be efficient in terms of maximization of the final process productivity.