nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinician Perception of a Machine Learning Based Early Warning System Designed to Predict Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.
Venue: Critical care medicine
Year: 2019

To assess clinician perceptions of a machine learning based early warning system to predict severe sepsis and septic shock (Early Warning System 2.0) DESIGN Prospective observational study.  Tertiary teaching hospital in Philadelphia, PA.  Non ICU admissions November December 2016.  During a 6 week study period conducted 5 months after Early Warning System 2.0 alert implementation, nurses and providers were surveyed twice about their perceptions of the alert's helpfulness and impact on care, first within 6 hours of the alert, and again 48 hours after the alert.  Of these, 43 nurses (24% response rate) and 44 providers (41% response rate) completed the second survey. Few (24% nurses, 13% providers) identified new clinical findings after responding to the alert. Perceptions of the presence of sepsis at the time of alert were discrepant between nurses (13% and providers (40% The majority of clinicians reported no change in perception of the patient's risk for sepsis (55% nurses, 62% providers) A third of nurses (30% but few providers (9% reported the alert changed management. Almost half of nurses (42% but less than a fifth of providers (16% found the alert helpful at 6 hours.  In general, clinical perceptions of Early Warning System 2.0 were poor. Nurses and providers differed in their perceptions of sepsis and alert benefits. These findings highlight the challenges of achieving acceptance of predictive and machine learning based sepsis alerts.
Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Year: 2019

Microalgae are rich source of various bioactive molecules such as carotenoids, lipids, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, etc. and in recent Years carotenoids from algae gained commercial recognition in the global market for food and cosmeceutical applications. However, the production of carotenoids from algae is not yet fully cost effective to compete with synthetic ones. In this context the present review examines the technologies/methods in relation to mass production of algae, cell harvesting for extraction of carotenoids, optimizing extraction methods etc. Research studies from different microalgal species such as Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliella salina, Chlorella sps. Nannochloropsis sps. Scenedesmus sps. Chlorococcum sps. Botryococcus braunii and Diatoms in relation to carotenoid content, chemical structure, extraction and processing of carotenoids are discussed. Further these carotenoid pigments, are useful in various health applications and their use in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries was briefly touched upon. The commercial value of algal carotenoids has also been discussed in this review. Possible recommendations for future research studies are proposed.
Oral health practices and prevalence of dental plaque and gingivitis among Indian adults
Venue: Clinical and experimental dental research
Year: 2016

This cross sectional survey study evaluated oral hygiene habits in conjunction with whole mouth examinations for dental plaque and gingivitis among adults in India. Subjects across several age groups who provided informed consent [220 male and 158 female (mean age 30.9 years) were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were interviewed for oral hygiene practices and evaluated by the Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein and the Loe Silness methods for dental plaque and gingivitis, respectively. Evaluations included oral hygiene parameters, prevalence of dental plaque and gingivitis, and regional differences within the dentition for dental plaque and gingivitis. Results from this study indicate that most subjects (97% utilized a toothbrush and toothpaste for oral hygiene with a majority (92% using their right hand to brush their teeth. While 29% reported two or more episodes of daily oral hygiene, a majority (53% brushed their teeth once daily. Utilization of dental floss and mouthwashes were reported by approximately 1% of this population, and most (73% reported no dental visits in the preceding 5 years. Whole mouth plaque and gingival scores (average standard deviation) for this population were 2.47 0.55 and 1.19 0.31, respectively, with no significant differences between either gender (P 0.05) Significant correlations (r 0.44) were observed between plaque and gingival scores for the entire sample, either gender or between age groups (P 0.001) Analyses indicate that anterior teeth demonstrated lower average scores for dental plaque and gingivitis than posterior and molar regions (P 0.05) Education was associated with higher plaque and gingival scores: plaque scores [odds ratios; 95% confidence interval; 1.23; 1.01 1.50 and gingival scores odds ratios 1.25; 1.02 1.54] In summary, results from this study demonstrate the prevalence of dental plaque and gingivitis in the general population and their relationships with demographic characteristics. They reinforce examinations of posterior regions that consistently harbor more plaque and corresponding gingivitis in evaluations of oral health.
Accelerated Newton Iteration: Roots of Black Box Polynomials and Matrix Eigenvalues
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2015

We study the problem of computing the largest root of a real rooted polynomial $p(x) to within error \varepsilon given only black box access to it, i.e. for any $x \in \mathbb R} the algorithm can query an oracle for the value of $p(x) but the algorithm is not allowed access to the coefficients of $p(x) A folklore result for this problem is that the largest root of a polynomial can be computed in $O(n \log (1/\varepsilon polynomial queries using the Newton iteration. We give a simple algorithm that queries the oracle at only $O(\log n \log(1/\varepsilon points, where $n$ is the degree of the polynomial. Our algorithm is based on a novel approach for accelerating the Newton method by using higher derivatives. As a special case, we consider the problem of computing the top eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix in \mathbb Q}{n \times n} to within error \varepsilon in time polynomial in the input description, i.e. the number of bits to describe the matrix and \log(1/\varepsilon Well known methods such as the power iteration and Lanczos iteration incur running time polynomial in $1/\varepsilon while Gaussian elimination takes \Omega(n^4) bit operations. As a corollary of our main result, we obtain a \tilde{O}(n^\omega} \log^2 |A||_F/\varepsilon bit complexity algorithm to compute the top eigenvalue of the matrix $A$ or to check if it is approximately PSD $A \succeq \varepsilon I$
Flat topology on prime, maximal and minimal prime spectra of quantales
Year: 2020

Several topologies can be defined on the prime, the maximal and the minimal prime spectra of a commutative ring; among them, we mention the Zariski topology, the patch topology and the flat topology. By using these topologies, Tarizadeh and Aghajani obtained recently new characterizations of various classes of rings: Gelfand rings, clean rings, absolutely flat rings, $mp$ rings,etc. The aim of this paper is to generalize some of their results to quantales, structures that constitute a good abstractization for lattices of ideals, filters and congruences. We shall study the flat and the patch topologies on the prime, the maximal and the minimal prime spectra of a coherent quantale. By using these two topologies one obtains new characterization theorems for hyperarchimedean quantales, normal quantales, B normal quantales, $mp$ quantales and $PF$ quantales. The general results can be applied to several concrete algebras: commutative rings, bounded distributive lattices, MV algebras, BL algebras, residuated lattices, commutative unital $l$ groups, etc.
Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix What Do We Know About Its Composition, Regulation, and Physiological Roles? A Narrative Review
Venue: Frontiers in Physiology
Year: 2020

Skeletal muscle represents the largest body composition component in humans. In addition to its primary function in the maintenance of upright posture and the production of movement, it also plays important roles in many other physiological processes, including thermogenesis, metabolism and the secretion of peptides for communication with other tissues. Research attempting to unveil these processes has traditionally focused on muscle fibers, i.e. the contractile muscle cells. However, it is a frequently overlooked fact that muscle fibers reside in a three dimensional scaffolding that consists of various collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and elastin, and is commonly referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM) While initially believed to be relatively inert, current research reveals the involvement of ECM cells in numerous important physiological processes. In interaction with other cells, such as fibroblasts or cells of the immune system, the ECM regulates muscle development, growth and repair and is essential for effective muscle contraction and force transmission. Since muscle ECM is highly malleable, its texture and, consequently, physiological roles may be affected by physical training and disuse, aging or various diseases, such as diabetes. With the aim to stimulate increased efforts to study this still poorly understood tissue, this narrative review summarizes the current body of knowledge on (i) the composition and structure of the ECM, (ii) molecular pathways involved in ECM remodeling, (iii) the physiological roles of muscle ECM, (iv) dysregulations of ECM with aging and disease as well as (v) the adaptations of muscle ECM to training and disuse.
Research and Exploration on Cognitive Approach Based English Reading of Middle School
Year: 2019

Cognitive approach is based on the cognitive rules of students. It advocates the role of students' intelligence in language teaching. By consciously learning the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar knowledge, it can understand the cognitive language process of acquiring foreign language learning and adapting to foreign language learning. In favor of the development of learning interests and enthusiasm, and foster creative thinking. Based on the cognitive theory foundations of psychology, linguistics and pedagogy, this paper analyzes the cognitive process of language comprehension, language ability training and language application, and puts forward the application strategy of cognition approach in middle school English reading teaching, establish the student centered teaching mode, adhere to learning English on the basis of understanding, allow students to make language errors and give appropriate guidance, and use a variety of approaches to create the real language environment.
On the nature and use of models in network neuroscience
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Year: 2018

Network theory provides an intuitively appealing framework for studying relationships among interconnected brain mechanisms and their relevance to behaviour. As the space of its applications grows, so does the diversity of meanings of the term network model. This diversity can cause confusion, complicate efforts to assess model validity and efficacy, and hamper interdisciplinary collaboration. In this Review, we examine the field of network neuroscience, focusing on organizing principles that can help overcome these challenges. First, we describe the fundamental goals in constructing network models. Second, we review the most common forms of network models, which can be described parsimoniously along the following three primary dimensions: from data representations to first principles theory; from biophysical realism to functional phenomenology; and from elementary descriptions to coarse grained approximations. Third, we draw on biology, philosophy and other disciplines to establish validation principles for these models. We close with a discussion of opportunities to bridge model types and point to exciting frontiers for future pursuits.Modern network neuroscience involves the use of various types of models to understand the brain. In this Review, Bassett, Zurn and Gold discuss the aims of this approach before examining how network models may be categorized and validated.
National Centre of Competence in Research Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No 729 Simplified Mean Variance Portfolio Optimisation
Year: 2012

We propose a simplified approach to mean variance portfolio problems by changing their parametrisation from trading strategies to final positions. This allows us to treat, under a very mild no arbitrage type assumption, a whole range of quadratic optimisation problems by simple mathematical tools in a unified and model independent way. We provide explicit formulas for optimal positions and values, connections between the solutions to the different problems, two fund separation results, and explicit expressions for indifference values.
Effect of alkali treatment on the characteristics of natural zeolites with different compositions.
Venue: Journal of colloid and interface science
Year: 2018

A series of natural zeolites with different compositions were modified by post synthesis modification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Natural and modified zeolites were characterized by XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR, zeta potential and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3 TPD) The adsorption capacities of these samples were evaluated by the adsorption of manganese from aqueous solution. The treatment with NaOH led to a decrease in the surface area and microporosity of all natural zeolites as well as partly damage of the zeolite structure depending on zeolite composition. In addition, the amount of weak, medium and strong acid sites in the zeolites was changed significantly by NaOH treatment depending on zeolite composition. The NaOH treatment resulted in a four fold improvement in adsorption capacity of natural zeolite originated from Bigadic and a twofold decrease in that of the natural zeolite originated from Manisa Gordes. Although the improved adsorption capacity might be mainly due to modification of porosity in the zeolites and formation of hydroxysodalite, the reduced adsorption capacity of the zeolite might be mainly due to a significant deformation of the zeolite structure. The pseudo second order kinetic model for the adsorption of manganese on all natural and modified zeolites fits well.
Clinical Characteristics of 545 Cases Confirmed COVID 19 in Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital
Year: 2020

In order to report the clinical characteristics of COVID 19 Patients in Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital in Hubei Province.  A total of 545 patients with mild and moderate types of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID 19) treated in the Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital were selected from Feb 13 to Feb 29, 2020, and their general information, epidemiological history, incidence, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and imaging data, treatment and prognosis were collected for analysis.  The total 545 patients were from 11 to 78 years old, with a median age of 50 years, 264 males (48.44% and 281 females (51.56% there were 423 cases (77.61% with no smoking history, 122 cases (22.39% with a history of smoking. The main clinical symptoms were fever and cough, which accounted for 284 (51.92% and 382 cases (70.09% the other symptoms included 77 cases (14.77% of fatigue and muscle aches, 89 cases (16.27% of dyspnea, 95 cases (17.37% of chest tightness, 52 cases (9.51% of headache, diarrhea was uncommon, only 49 cases (8.96% On admission, ground glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding from chest computed tomography (CT) scanning (50.64% 108 cases (19.82% had no abnormal density shadow, 29 cases (5.32% had consolidation, 87 cases (15.96% had nodular lesion, and 45 cases (8.25% had interstitial abnormalities. Lymphocytopenia was present in 403 cases (73.94% of the patients on admission, and C reactive protein had a slight elevated in 543 cases (99.63% Up to now, 468 cases (85.77% were discharged from the hospital, and no patient died, the average hospital stay for discharge patients was 15 days.  Covid 19 is a highly infectious disease, and mostly are middle aged and elderly cases, there is no significant difference between males and females. Fever, cough, and fatigue are most the clinical manifestations. Blood tests suggest that white blood cells are most normal and lymphocytes are reduced, C reactive protein is slightly elevated, and imaging findings are of guiding significance for diagnosis of the disease and therapeutic effect. At the same time of antiviral treatment, pay attention to nutritional support and gastrointestinal function protection, combined with traditional Chinese medicine treatment is very important. Early diagnosis, isolation, and treatment are essential and critical to control the disease. Cabin hospital, as a fast and effective method for centralized isolation and treatment of patients with infectious diseases, can provide a valuable experience in dealing with public emergency incident.  Lei Shu, Xiaoyan Wang, Xiaolin Chen, Mingquan Li, Lei Shi, Mingjing Wu, Kaili Deng, Jing Wei, Xueli Wang, Yang Cao, Jiaxin Yan, Ganzhu Feng declared that there were no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital, and the written informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study and belongs to emergency medical service.
Mutational dynamics and transmission properties of SARS CoV 2 superspreading events in Austria
Year: 2020

Superspreading events shape the COVID 19 pandemic. Here we provide a national scale analysis of SARS CoV 2 outbreaks in Austria, a country that played a major role for virus transmission across Europe and beyond. Capitalizing on a national epidemiological surveillance system, we performed deep whole genome sequencing of virus isolates from 576 samples to cover major Austrian SARS CoV 2 clusters. Our data chart a map of early viral spreading in Europe, including the path from low frequency mutations to fixation. Detailed epidemiological surveys enabled us to calculate the effective SARS CoV 2 population bottlenecks during transmission and unveil time resolved intra patient viral quasispecies dynamics. This study demonstrates the power of integrating deep viral genome sequencing and epidemiological data to better understand how SARS CoV 2 spreads through populations.
Reducing symptoms of major depressive disorder through a systematic training of general emotion regulation skills: protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Venue: BMC Psychiatry
Year: 2014

BackgroundMajor Depressive Disorder is one of the most challenging mental health problems of our time. Although effective psychotherapeutic treatments are available, many patients fail to demonstrate clinically significant improvements. Difficulties in emotion regulation have been identified as putative risk and maintaining factors for Major Depressive Disorder. Systematically enhancing adaptive emotion regulation skills should thus help reduce depressive symptom severity. However, at this point, no study has systematically evaluated effects of increasing adaptive emotion regulation skills application on symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder. In the intended study, we aim to evaluate stand alone effects of a group based training explicitly and exclusively targeting general emotion regulation skills on depressive symptom severity and assess whether this training augments the outcome of subsequent individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.DesignIn the evaluation of the Affect Regulation Training, we will conduct a prospective randomized controlled trial. Effects of the Affect Regulation Training on depressive symptom severity and outcomes of subsequent individual therapy for depression will be compared with an active, common factor based treatment and a waitlist control condition. The study sample will include 120 outpatients meeting criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. Depressive symptom severity as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale will serve as our primary study outcome. Secondary outcomes will include further indicators of mental health and changes in adaptive emotion regulation skills application. All outcomes will be assessed at intake and at 10 points in time over the course of the 15 month study period. Measures will include self reports, observer ratings, momentary ecological assessments, and will be complemented in subsamples by experimental investigations and the analysis of hair steroids.DiscussionIf findings should support the hypothesis that enhancing regulation skills reduces symptom severity in Major Depressive Disorder, systematic emotion regulation skills training can enhance the efficacy and efficiency of current treatments for this severe and highly prevalent disorder.
On educating globally distributed software development A case study
Venue: 2009 24th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences
Year: 2009

Globally distributed software development is widely used in industry, for example, to stay competitive in the market. To achieve competitiveness one needs cost reduction, delivery of best quality, use of latest high tech skills, as well as reliability and creativity. The key criteria for all these factors is well educated people. Yet, software engineering education hardly focuses the needs of distributed software development. Consequently, the graduated students rarely posses necessary skills and hands on experience required for such projects; e.g. communication skills, project and process management as well as knowledge management. This paper reports on a collaborative education project between the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, Research Centre for Information Technology (FZI) in Karlsruhe, Germany, and Polytechnic State University of St. Petersburg, Russia. The main goal of that project was to convey necessary skills to our students. The second goal was to investigate how different models of communication impact the project results.