nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularizing Class Wise Predictions via Self Knowledge Distillation
Venue: 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Year: 2020

Deep neural networks with millions of parameters may suffer from poor generalization due to overfitting. To mitigate the issue, we propose a new regularization method that penalizes the predictive distribution between similar samples. In particular, we distill the predictive distribution between different samples of the same label during training. This results in regularizing the dark knowledge (i.e. the knowledge on wrong predictions) of a single network (i.e. a self knowledge distillation) by forcing it to produce more meaningful and consistent predictions in a class wise manner. Consequently, it mitigates overconfident predictions and reduces intra class variations. Our experimental results on various image classification tasks demonstrate that the simple yet powerful method can significantly improve not only the generalization ability but also the calibration performance of modern convolutional neural networks.
Performance and biofilm characteristics of biotrickling filters for ethylbenzene removal in the presence of saponins
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Year: 2017

Saponins were applied to enhance ethylbenzene removal in biotrickling filters (BTFs) and comparison experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of saponins on ethylbenzene removal and biofilm characteristics at various saponin concentrations. Results showed that the optimum concentration of saponins was 40 mg/L and a maximum removal efficiency (RE) of ethylbenzene reached 84.3% When the inlet ethylbenzene concentration increased, ranging from 750 to 2300 mg/m3, the RE decreased from 92.1 to 60.8% and from 69.4 to 44.2% for BTF1 and BTF2 in which saponin was and was not added, respectively. The corresponding RE declined from 91.1 to 40.8% and from 71.5 to 35.8% with a decreased empty bed residence time ranging from 45 to 7.5 s. Additionally, significant differences existed between both BTFs not only in the contents of polysaccharide and proteins but also in the surface charge of biofilms, and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide increased with the increase of saponin concentration, which indicated the presumable effect of saponins on liquid biofilm transfer rates of ethylbenzene. Mechanisms for the enhanced removal of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds at the presence of surfactants were also discussed.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Among Pregnant Refugees and Turkish Women: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Year: 2018

To evaluate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) among pregnant Turkish women as well as Syrian refugees in Istanbul.  Among pregnant women who were admitted to the Esenler Maternity and Children Hospital in Istanbul between January 2014 and January 2015, antibodies against T. gondii, rubella, and CMV were measured using the micro ELISA method. The test results were evaluated retrospectively.  Out of a total of 1066 pregnant women screened in the present study, 963 (90.3% were Turkish, and 103 (9.7% were Syrian refugees. IgM positivity rates of T. gondii, rubella, and CMV were determined as 0.2% 0% and 0.2% in Turkish women and 0.1% 0% and 0% in Syrian refugees, whereas IgG positivity rates were determined as 26.3% 93.8% and 99.5% in Turkish women and 58.3% 87.4% and 100% in Syrian refugees. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was lower, and rubella was higher among pregnant Turkish women and among pregnant Syrian refugees and statistically significant (p<0.05)  Since immunity against T. gondii in pregnant Turkish women is lower than that in Syrian refugees who are in the reproductive age group, routine screening should be conducted. Immunization against rubella should be considered for Syrian refugees who are in the reproductive age group.  06.09.2018 E mail: l.nilsun@hotmail.com
Christine de Pizan's The Book of the City of Ladies as reclamatory fan work
Year: 2017

In what ways can medieval texts be looked at as fan works? How might the rhetorical tools of fan studies or affect theory aid in further understanding of these texts? Likewise, can we use medieval understandings of literary production to look at modern fan works in order to complicate our contemporary ideas of authorship? Here I consider how Christine de Pizan's The Book of the City of Ladies Le Livre de la Cite des Dames can be read as a reclamatory fan work addressing issues of representation and gender within both the texts it responds to and the larger culture within which the work is situated. Moreover, contextualizing de Pizan's work as fan work can help fan scholars by locating fan studies within a broader literary history. By reframing these earlier works of literature as part of a longer history of women's writing that also involves the works being done today within modalities of fan writing, and by reconsidering fan works as part of a historical continuum of women's writing, we, much as de Pizan herself did, create a theoretical space that historicizes, contextualizes, and indeed valorizes women writers of both fannish and nonfannish works.
Deriving verb initial word order in Mayan
Year: 2018

Individual languages in the Mayan family display either rigid VSO or alternating VOS/VSO word orders (England 1991) In this article we review problems with previous accounts of Mayan word order and argue that verb initial (V1) order is consistently derived by head movement of the verb to a position above the subject and below Infl0, which accounts for uniformity in verb stem formation across the family. After an in depth examination of the factors that have been reported to determine postverbal argument order, we present three distinct paths to VOS: (i) postsyntactic reordering of NP objects (following Clemens 2014, 2017) (ii) right side subject topicalization (Can Pixabaj 2004, Curiel 2007) and (iii) heavy NP shift (Larsen 1988) This account makes testable predictions in the domains of word order and prosodic constituency and has implications for the derivation of verb initial order crosslinguistically.
Power efficient photonic networks on chip
Venue: SPIE OPTO
Year: 2008

The emerging class of multicore architectures and chip multiprocessors (CMPs) has fundamentally shifted the impact of communications on computing systems performance. Global communications at all scales is playing a central and dominant role in the ultimate realization of CMP system performance as it falls increasingly on the efficiency of the information exchange among the vastly growing number of compute and memory resources. In this new communication bound paradigm, the realization of a system wide scalable communications infrastructure that can meet the enormous bandwidths, capacities, and stringent latency requirements in an energy efficient manner is a key goal for scaling future computation performance. We explore how recent extraordinary advances in nanoscale silicon photonic technologies can be exploited for developing optical interconnection networks that address the critical bandwidth and power challenges presented across several levels of the CMP computing system communications infrastructure. Unlike prior generations of photonic technologies, the remarkable capabilities of nanoscale "CMOS photonics" offer the possibility of creating highly integrated platforms for generating and receiving optical signals with fundamentally superior power efficiencies. Optical interconnection network architectures employing these silicon nanophotonic building blocks are uniquely co developed and explored in the context of bandwidth driven computing models. The design of an on chip optical interconnection network that employs nanoscale CMOS photonic devices and enables seamless off chip communications to other CMP computing nodes and to external memory is described.
IAS 41 and stock price informativeness
Year: 2019

We investigate whether the adoption of International Accounting Standard 41: Agriculture influences firm specific information flows capitalized into stock prices and thus affects stock price informativeness. Using a sample of IAS 41 adopters from countries that mandates IFRS in 2005 and the control samples of non IAS 41 adopters, we find that price informativeness for IAS 41 adopters increases following IAS 41 adoption. We also find that the effect of IAS 41 adoption is similar between firms that transforms bearer plants, which derive value in use of assets and other biological assets. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that the increased transparency from IAS 41 adoption broadly facilitates firm specific information flows entering into stock market and thereby reduces synchronicity, making stock price more informative.
Invasion of Europe by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: multiple transatlantic introductions with various reductions of genetic diversity
Venue: Molecular ecology
Year: 2008

The early stages of invasion involve demographic bottlenecks that may result in lower genetic variation in introduced populations as compared to source population/s. Low genetic variability may decrease the adaptive potential of such populations in their new environments. Previous population genetic studies of invasive species have reported varying levels of losses of genetic variability in comparisons of source and invasive populations. However, intraspecific comparisons are required to assess more thoroughly the repeatability of genetic consequences of colonization events. Descriptions of invasive species for which multiple introductions from a single source population have been demonstrated may be particularly informative. The western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, native to North America and invasive in Europe, offers us an opportunity to analyse multiple introduction events within a single species. We investigated within and between population variation at eight microsatellite markers in WCR in North America and Europe to investigate the routes by which WCR was introduced into Europe, and to assess the effect of introduction events on genetic variation. We detected five independent introduction events from the northern USA into Europe. The diversity loss following these introductions differed considerably between events, suggesting substantial variation in introduction, foundation and/or establishment conditions. Genetic variability at evolutionarily neutral loci does not seem to underlie the invasive success of WCR in Europe. We also showed that the introduction of WCR into Europe resulted in the redistribution of genetic variance from the intra to the interpopulational level contrary to most examples of multiple introductions.
A New Technique for Controlling Hybrid Stepper Motor Through Modified Pid Controller (Dept.E)
Year: 2020

Due to the development of digital control systems, hybrid stepper motors became more attractive to be used in robotics and computer numerical control machines where they have to perform high precision positioning operations without any feedback sensor. However, at op en loop control (especially at higher stepping rate) the speed response of the step per motor suffer from large overshoot, oscillatory response and long settling time. Therefore, a closed loop control system essentially required for a good precise operation performance. However, due to the non linear characteristics and the resonance problem of the hybrid stepper motor, it is difficult to settle the classical control systems with this type of motor. Moreover, the use of discrete pulses to drive the hybrid stepper motor in half stepping mode leads to jerky and noisy movements at high and low stepping rate respectively. The objective of the present paper is to use the PID control system to enhance the performance of the open loop control system to control the speed of the hybrid stepper motor for a given reference input. Also, a microstepping technique, which consists of sine and cosine waveforms, is also used to drive the hybrid stepper motor instead of discrete pulses. Therefore, a simulation program is constructed using MATLAB software version 7.7 to simulate the hybrid stepper motor performance in open loop, classical PID and modified PID control systems. Results show that the open loop control system suffers from oscillatory response at half stepping mode and form from large overshoot and long settling time at microstepping mode. Also, the classical PID control system didn't give consistent results. And, the proposed control algorithm gives a better performance than that of the open loop even when the system is subjected to a sudden load disturbance up to 41% and working at high motor speed.
Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail: Did Immigration Cause Brexit?
Year: 2017

Can large immigration inflows impact electoral outcomes and specifically, what impact did immigration have on the vote in favour of leaving the European Union (Brexit) in the United Kingdom? In particular, I focus on how the increase in Polish immigration, the major group of immigrants post 2004, affected votes in favour of leaving the EU. I find a percentage point increase in Polish immigration to the UK to have caused an increase in votes in favour of Brexit of about 2.72 3.12 percentage points, depending on the specification. To obtain exogenous variation in Polish immigration, I collect data from the archives that reveals the location of Polish War Resettlement Camps after Word War II, which location is plausibly exogenous to current political outcomes. Discussing potential mechanisms, I examine public opinion data in the British Election Study 2015 and find evidence of adversity towards immigration to be a root cause. Other considerations such as the National Health Service (NHS) incumbency and the general trust in politicians as well as the political institutions seem not to play a role.
Fractal Characteristics of Transverse Crack Propagation on CRTSII Type Track Slab
Venue: Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Year: 2019

Objectives of this study are to examine influence of the surface crackles fractal characteristics of CRTSII track slab on its propagation velocity and stress intensity factor (SIF) and to improve the service performance of track slab. In this paper, fractal dimension D of transverse crack on the surface of CRTSII track slab was calculated by image processing, digital image technology, and box counting method. Based on the fractal structure of transverse crack on track slab surface, a fractal transverse crack propagation model was established. The impact of fractal effect on the surface crack propagation velocity and SIF of CRTSII track slab was analyzed quantitatively. The fractal dimension D of transverse crack is 1.0652 on the surface of CRTSII track slab. The actual measured crack propagation velocity V0 on the surface of the track slab can be corrected as the true crack propagation velocity V. When the V0/Cr=0.899<1, the SIF K'L1.0652,t,V of transverse dynamic fractal crack propagation on the surface of track slab has been equal to 0, and the V0 is always lower than Rayleigh wave velocity. In addition, the true attenuation rate of SIF for CRTSII track slab surface transverse dynamic crack propagation is faster than the actual measured value.
A remote integrated energy system based on cogeneration of a concentrating solar power plant and buildings with phase change materials
Venue: Energy Conversion and Management
Year: 2019

Independent solar energy systems are an alternative solution for remote areas that are rich in solar resources but difficult to connect to large power grids. The scheduling ability of a concentrating solar power plant with a thermal storage system is better than that of a photovoltaic plant; however, the high investment limits its application compared with a photovoltaic plant. Therefore, an integrated energy system is proposed in this paper. A combined heat and power unit and a concentrating solar power plant are assembled together to improve the thermal energy utilization. Buildings integrated with phase change materials are designed for heating and cooling storage; they provide energy savings of indoor loads and facilitate the efficient operation of conventional units. In addition, the coordinated day ahead scheduling of the integrated system is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model given as the minimization of operation cost. The case studies compare several energy supply modes with different forms of electricity and heating supplies. Results are in favor of the coordinated approach that shows better cost effectiveness and development potential of the proposed energy supply mode.
Orientation based Ant colony algorithm for synthesizing the test scenarios in UML activity diagram
Venue: Inf. Softw. Technol.
Year: 2020

The model based analysis is preferred over the code based analysis as it speeds up the development process and directs the guiding effort. In the software industry, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a set standard followed by the developers as well as system analysts to extract all attainable paths of controls, usually known as scenarios under an activity diagram.  In this manuscript, a bio inspired methodology has been applied on concurrent sub part of a UML activity diagram to fetch various feasible test scenarios.  The food search pattern of an ant has been taken as a base heuristic. An orientation factor has been introduced in the existing ant colony optimization algorithm. Experiments have been performed using three student projects, five synthetic models and an openly available model repository named LINDHOLMEN data set at Github.  The statistical analysis has validated the results obtained through various existing approaches and the proposed approach. Experimentation shows that the orientation based ant colony algorithm has produced better results as compared to the existing Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) on the basis of feasible test scenarios generated.
In Her Own Words: Living with Urinary Incontinence in Sexual Life
Year: 2014

Urinary incontinence (UI) is an extremely private, disturbing health issue with negative sexual effects for women. The aim of this study was to identify the feelings and experiences of women with UI effects on their sexual lives through a qualitative research method. Twelve Turkish women participated in this study. The mean age of them was 47.08 6.12. Data was collected using both a demographic data form and a semi struc tured interview form. Interview form was performed open ended items which were designed to gather data on the experiences in sexual life, thoughts and perceptions of the participants about the impacts of UI on their sexual lives. Data was analysed by Colaizzi's analysis method. The findings that attempt to describe how women with UI live their sexuality were presented under four themes such as experiences of women when the symptoms first occurred, feelings, negative effects on sexual functioning, behavior for coping with UI. Seven of the women described the feeling that the involuntary UI caused during sexual intercourse as 'shameful. The women reported that UI or the feeling of embarrassment during sexual intercourse has led to an inability to enjoy sexual intercourse by causing loss of sexual desire (five women) not having sexual intercourse (three women) and distraction (two women) There should be high degree awareness for UI and its sexual effects, not only by women but also by the healthcare staffs.
Social and Contextual Influences on Antibiotic Prescribing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Qualitative Study with Clinical Commissioning Group and General Practice Professionals
Venue: Antibiotics
Year: 2020

Antibiotic prescribing in England varies considerably between Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) and general practices. We aimed to assess social and contextual factors affecting antibiotic prescribing and engagement with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives. Semi structured telephone interviews were conducted with 22 CCG professionals and 19 general practice professionals. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Social/contextual influences were grouped into the following four categories: (1) Immediate context, i.e. patients' social characteristics (e.g. deprivation and culture) clinical factors, and practice and clinician characteristics (e.g. "struggling" with staff shortage/turnover) were linked to higher prescribing. (2) Wider context, i.e. pressures on the healthcare system, limited resources, and competing priorities were seen to reduce engagement with AMS. (3) Collaborative and whole system approaches, i.e. communication, multidisciplinary networks, leadership, and teamwork facilitated prioritizing AMS, learning, and consistency. (4) Relativity of appropriate prescribing, i.e. "high" or "appropriate" prescribing was perceived as relative, depending on comparators, and disregarding different contexts, but social norms around antibiotic use among professionals and patients seemed to be changing. Further optimization of antibiotic prescribing would benefit from addressing social/contextual factors and addressing wider health inequalities, not only targeting individual clinicians. Tailoring and adapting to local contexts and constraints, ensuring adequate time and resources for AMS, and collaborative, whole system approaches to promote consistency may help promote AMS.
Anticancer Platelet Mimicking Nanovehicles.
Venue: Advanced materials
Year: 2015

A core shell nanovehicle coated with a platelet membrane (PM) is developed for targeted and site specific delivery of an extracellularly active drug and an intracellular functional small molecular drug, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy. This PM coated nanovehicle can also effectively eliminate the circulating tumor cells in vivo and inhibit development of tumor metastasis.
Relationship between Social Appearance Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation and Emotion Regulation in Adolescents and Young Adults
Year: 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between Social Appearance Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation and Emotion regulation in Adolescents and Young Adults. Although extensive research about topics like Anxiety and Emotion regulation have taken place, the complex ever changing situation of the world and the development of advanced technology and social media creates the dire need to undertake research. Through purposive sampling, a total sample of 151 (72 males and 78 females) participants divided into 13 17 age groups (n=76) and 18 22 age groups (n=75) were considered for the study. A correlational research design and between groups research design was adopted. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Appearance anxiety. Also, Expressive suppression; one of the components of Emotion Regulation was positively correlated with both Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Appearance Anxiety. However, it is found that there is no significant correlation between Cognitive reappraisal and any other variable. The results also show a significant difference on the basis of gender in Social Appearance Anxiety, i.e, Females had more SAA than males. However, no significant difference is seen on the basis of age.
Patents, Litigation Strategy and Antitrust in Innovative Industries
Year: 2020

In a patent infringement suit, the alleged infringer wins with a ruling of either invalidity or non infringement, and may strictly prefer either outcome. Invalidity may increase current period competition, but removes constraints to future innovation. We adapt the Segal and Whinston ( 2007) model, and show that a legal regime that considers infringement before validity maximizes the entrant patentee's innovation incentives. But the incumbent alleged infringer may prefer litigating validity first if the future blocking effect of validity is strong. This litigation strategy effect may reduce innovation levels. Antitrust policy should seek to attenuate this effect by reducing the advantage to incumbency.