nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Emergent Structures in an Active Polar Fluid: Dynamics of Shape, Scattering, and Merger.
Venue: Physical review letters
Year: 2017

Spatially localized defect structures emerge spontaneously in a hydrodynamic description of an active polar fluid comprising polar "actin" filaments and "myosin" motor proteins that (un)bind to filaments and exert active contractile stresses. These emergent defect structures are characterized by distinct textures and can be either static or mobile we derive effective equations of motion for these "extended particles" and analyze their shape, kinetics, interactions, and scattering. Depending on the impact parameter and propulsion speed, these active defects undergo elastic scattering or merger. Our results are relevant for the dynamics of actomyosin dense structures at the cell cortex, reconstituted actomyosin complexes, and 2D active colloidal gels.
Topology Synthesis of Single DOF Epicyclic Gear Trains Based on Graph Theory*
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)
Year: 2019

The research shows that the topology structure of gear kinematic chains can be represented by graphs. The topological synthesis of epicyclic gear trains based on graph theory is an effective system synthesis method. In this paper, a topology synthesis method is developed for single degree of freedom (DOF) epicyclic gear trains. A new effective identification method Linkage Characteristic Polynomial Fundamental Circuit Polygon (LCP FCP) is proposed to solve isomorphism and rotationally isomorphism problem generated in topology synthesis process. The basic idea of proposed topology synthesis is to enumerate all candidate single DOF gear train kinematic chains first. Then use the LCP FCP algorithm to identify the isomorphism of the graphs and the rotation graphs respectively, and finally synthesize the kinematic chains that meets the corresponding fundamental requirements. All of the above steps can be automated by a computer program.
Impact of a controlled culture temperature gradient on mouse embryo development and morphokinetics.
Venue: Reproductive biomedicine online
Year: 2019

Temperature control within the IVF laboratory is an important aspect of a quality control system, helping to reduce environmental stress and ensure good quality embryo development. Temperature fluctuations are probably more common than expected and the optimal temperature for embryo culture is not known. Modern incubators offer the opportunity to examine the impact of culture temperature on preimplantation embryo development while controlling for other variables within the system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a range of temperatures during extended embryo culture on resulting mouse embryo development and morphokinetic timings.  Using a single time lapse incubator with six individual chambers, frozen thawed one cell mouse embryos were cultured individually at temperatures adjusted by 0.5degC between chambers to cover the range of 35.0 37.5degC. Resulting blastocyst formation and embryo morphokinetic timings were recorded and compared.  Changes in culture temperature had a significant impact on mouse blastocyst development and morphokinetic timings (P 0.05) Under the conditions used in this study, blastocyst development was best at 37.0degC. Mouse preimplantation embryo mitotic cell divisions were generally slower at cooler temperatures and accelerated as the temperature increased from 35.0degC to 37.5degC. CONCLUSION Incubator culture temperature must be carefully controlled, as even slight variations of 0.5degC in the temperature used for extended embryo culture can have significant impacts on embryo development and mitotic cell divisions. These data have potential implications for application of universal morphokinetic selection algorithms and may help explain differences in mitotic errors/embryo mosaicism between laboratories.
A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change
Venue: Nature Climate Change
Year: 2018

Shifts in phenology are already resulting in disruptions to the timing of migration and breeding, and asynchronies between interacting species1 5. Recent syntheses have concluded that trophic level1, latitude6 and how phenological responses are measured7 are key to determining the strength of phenological responses to climate change. However, researchers still lack a comprehensive framework that can predict responses to climate change globally and across diverse taxa. Here, we synthesize hundreds of published time series of animal phenology from across the planet to show that temperature primarily drives phenological responses at mid latitudes, with precipitation becoming important at lower latitudes, probably reflecting factors that drive seasonality in each region. Phylogeny and body size are associated with the strength of phenological shifts, suggesting emerging asynchronies between interacting species that differ in body size, such as hosts and parasites and predators and prey. Finally, although there are many compelling biological explanations for spring phenological delays, some examples of delays are associated with short annual records that are prone to sampling error. Our findings arm biologists with predictions concerning which climatic variables and organismal traits drive phenological shifts.A synthesis of animal phenology shows that temperature primarily drives mid latitude responses, with precipitation important at lower latitudes. Phylogeny and body size are associated with the strength of phenological shifts.
Public sector work intensification and negative behaviors
Year: 2015

The purpose of this paper is to explore issues associated with sector specific change in the Australian Public Service (APS) Evidence is presented on the impact of New Public Management (NPM) on work intensification and subsequent negative behaviors by giving voice to APS employees who were subject to the NPM changes.  Data were collected from APS employees, human resource managers and policy makers across 11 agencies on the nature of the changes, context of work, and workplace interactions. The study adopted a triangulated mixed method interpretivist approach using a survey instrument, stories, focus groups, and interviews.  The NPM changes were aimed at creating a more professional and accountable APS. This resulted in individual agencies pursuing different approaches to productivity and efficiency while being accountable to the public and the government within a tight regulatory framework. These changes created competing priorities, affected the nature
Beef and Pork Marketing Margins and Price Spreads during COVID 19
Venue: Applied economic perspectives and policy
Year: 2020

COVID 19 related disruptions led to a historic rise in the spread between livestock and wholesale meat prices. Concerns about concentration and allegations of anticompetitive behavior have led to several inquiries and civil suits by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Justice, with increases in price differentials serving as a focal point. This article notes the difference between price spreads and marketing margins, outlines corresponding economic theory, and describes the empirical evidence on wholesale meat and livestock price dynamics in the wake of COVID 19 disruptions. At one point during the pandemic, beef and pork packers were both operating at about 60% of the previous year's processing volume. We explore how such a massive supply shock would be expected to affect marketing margins even in the absence of anti competitive behavior. Moreover, we document how margin measurements are critically sensitive to the selection of data and information utilized. Finally, we conclude with some discussion around policy proposals that would pit industry concentration against industry coordination and economies of scale.
AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ONLINE SHORT STORY POSTED ON THE JAKARTA POST
Year: 2019

This research entitled "An Analysis of Figurative Language in Onlen Short Story Posted on The Jakarta Post" is aimed to found some kinds of figurative language used; she also studies about the meaning of figurative language used in selected short story on online the Jakarta Post. This research employs the library research in the sense that the researcher visited the libraries to get the data. There are two kinds of data in this research: (1) primary sources and (2) secondary sources. Primary source is firsthand information. Then secondary sources provide secondhand information. In this study, the primary source is short story gained from online Jakarta Post. Then, the secondary source was from books, e books, journals, English dictionary, observation and documentation that were related to the research which was gained. After the data are gathered, they classified, analyzed, and interpreted by using several theories namely: (1) the theory of Figurative Language by Perrine (1982:61) Short Story by Klarer (1998:13) Some of the important research findings are presented as follows. First, figurative language has many types, such as metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, irony, symbol, hyperbole, paradox, alliteration, allusion, onomatopoeia, and many others. Henceforth, all kinds of figurative language cannot be found in all work of literature. There are some types mostly found in the literature, such as simile, personification, hyperbole, metaphor, irony, and metonymy. In this case, the writer only conducted the research in short story. The writer found some types of figurative language in the short story; those are personification, simile, symbol, and onomatopoeia. Personification is one of types of figurative language mostly found in the short story posted on online Jakarta Post.  Figurative, language, Jakarta post
Image captioning via hierarchical attention mechanism and policy gradient optimization
Venue: Signal Process.
Year: 2020

Automatically generating the descriptions of an image, i.e. image captioning, is an important and fundamental topic in artificial intelligence, which bridges the gap between computer vision and natural language processing. Based on the successful deep learning models, especially the CNN model and Long Short Term Memories (LSTMs) with attention mechanism, we propose a hierarchical attention model by utilizing both of the global CNN features and the local object features for more effective feature representation and reasoning in image captioning. The generative adversarial network (GAN) together with a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, is applied to solve the exposure bias problem in RNN based supervised training for language problems. In addition, through the automatic measurement of the consistency between the generated caption and the image content by the discriminator in the GAN framework and RL optimization, we make the finally generated sentences more accurate and natural. Comprehensive experiments show the improved performance of the hierarchical attention mechanism and the effectiveness of our RL based optimization method. Our model achieves state of the art results on several important metrics in the MSCOCO dataset, using only greedy inference.
Firefly Algorithm and Its Variants in Digital Image Processing: A Comprehensive Review
Venue: Springer Tracts in Nature Inspired Computing
Year: 2019

The significance and requirements of digital image processing arise from two main areas of applications: the improvement of visual information for human interpretation and the encoding of scene data for the independent perception of machines. However, human is often involved in such processing for manually tuning up the parameters, which takes a long time, and it remains as an unresolved issue. Nature is a brilliant and enormous source of inspiration for resolving difficult and complicated problems in computer science, as it possesses incredibly diverse, vibrant, flexible, complicated, and intriguing phenomena. In practice, selecting the optimum parameters for any technique is an optimization problem. Nature inspired algorithms are metaheuristics that imitate the works of nature to solve optimization issues, leading to a new era in computing. There are several dozens of classical metaheuristic optimization algorithms reported in the literature, such as genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, and particle swarm optimization. Though due to the efficacy and success in solving various digital image analysis problems, the firefly algorithm which is also a metaheuristic algorithm, inspired by fireflies' flashing behaviour in nature, is used in various image analysis optimization studies. This work is dedicated to a comprehensive review of the firefly algorithm to solve optimization problems in various steps of digital image analysis, like image preprocessing, segmentation, compression, feature selection, and classification. Various applications of the firefly algorithm in image analysis are also discussed in this review. Key issues and future research directions will also be highlighted.
A review of bioceramic technology in endodontics
Year: 2019

_Since bioceramic technology was introduced to endodontics, the response has been exceptional. As more and more practitioners have thought through the process, they have been able to see not only the clear benefits of this technology in endodontics, but they are now asking how this technology can be applied to other aspects of dentistry. The application of bioceramic technology has not only changed endo dontics both surgically and non surgically, it has also begun to change the way we treatment plan our patients. As a result of bioceramic technology, we now have the ability to save more teeth in a predictable fashion, while, in addition, improving their long term prognosis. The option of "saving the natural dentition" is now back on the table.
Long read: coronavirus and the Bangladesh economy: navigating the global COVID 19 shutdown
Year: 2020

As governments across the world enforce lockdowns to suppress the spread of Covid 19, and with global markets set for their worst quarter since the 2008 financial crisis, what will be the impact on Bangladesh's economy? Here Sajid Amit (University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh) provides an overview of how small businesses, startups, the financial sectors, consumer demand, remittances and the ready made garment sector will fare in the coming months.
The M Pesa Technological Revolution for Financial Services in Kenya: A Platform for Financial Inclusion
Year: 2018

M Pesa is an electronic money transfer product that enables users to store value in the SIM cards of their mobile phone a mobile account, in the form of electronic currency that can be used for multiple purposes including transfers to other users, payments for goods and services, and conversion to and from cash. M Pesa has become a technological platform that has enabled financial transactions with ease and in real time efficiently. Other products have endogenously been developed and rolled out on this technological platform. The platform has provided a virtual savings network and a virtual system of applying and receiving short term credit. This technological platform has endogenously developed in four stages of virtuous process: from a payments platform to a virtual banking and saving services; to a credit supply platform and finally to a platform for cross border payments/transfers and international remittances. This chapter provides details on innovations and policy reforms that have supported the M Pesa financial services and products to revolutionize the financial inclusion landscape in Kenya. The chapter shows the importance of financial inclusion in a low income developing economy with nascent financial sector. At the outset, mobile phone based financial services, starting with M Pesa, were viewed as a technological platform that would allow a menu of financial services that would be offered to Kenyans and would drive financial inclusion: it has stood the test of time and has been vindicated. The success of financial inclusion in Kenya shows that formal financial inclusion has increased to over 75% of the adult population in 2016 from about 26% in 2006. This chapter thus demonstrates how innovations in the financial market accompanied by appropriate policy design, appropriate regulatory technology and regulatory capacity, in addition to partnerships among regulators and the Governments, can build a successful case of financial inclusion, financial development and support to financial stability. Thus, in Kenya, the mobile phone has become an instrument of communication, but also an efficient tool for information gathering and processing and also an important platform for a menu of financial services.
Vision, challenges, roles and research issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Venue: Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell.
Year: 2020

The rapid advancement of computing technologies has facilitated the implementation of AIED (Artificial Intelligence in Education) applications. AIED refers to the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) technologies or application programs in educational settings to facilitate teaching, learning, or decision making. With the help of AI technologies, which simulate human intelligence to make inferences, judgments, or predictions, computer systems can provide personalized guidance, supports, or feedback to students as well as assisting teachers or policymakers in making decisions. Although AIED has been identified as the primary research focus in the field of computers and education, the interdisciplinary nature of AIED presents a unique challenge for researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds. In this paper, we present the definition and roles of AIED studies from the perspective of educational needs. We propose a framework to show the considerations of implementing AIED in different learning and teaching settings. The structure can help guide researchers with both computers and education backgrounds in conducting AIED studies. We outline 10 potential research topics in AIED that are of particular interest to this journal. Finally, we describe the type of articles we like to solicit and the management of the submissions.
A computational approach for mode isolation for reaction diffusion systems on arbitrary geometries
Year: 2016

In this article we present a computational framework for isolating spatial patterns arising in the steady states of reaction diffusion systems. Such systems have been used to model many different phenomena in areas such as developmental and cancer biology, cell motility and material science. Often one is interested in identifying parameters which will lead to a particular pattern. To attempt to answer this, we compute eigenpairs of the Laplacian on a variety of domains and use linear stability analysis to determine parameter values for the system that will lead to spatially inhomogeneous steady states whose patterns correspond to particular eigenfunctions. This method has previously been used on domains and surfaces where the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are found analytically in closed form. Our contribution to this methodology is that we numerically compute eigenpairs on arbitrary domains and surfaces. Here we present various examples and demonstrate that mode isolation is straightforward especially for low eigenvalues. Additionally we see that if two or more eigenvalues are in a permissible range then the inhomogeneous steady state can be a linear combination of the respective eigenfunctions. Finally we show an example which suggests that pattern formation is robust on similar surfaces in cases that the surface either has or does not have a boundary.
Relative Pose Estimation For Stereo Rolling Shutter Cameras
Venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Year: 2020

In this paper, we present a novel linear algorithm to estimate the 6 DoF relative pose from consecutive frames of stereo rolling shutter (RS) cameras. Our method is derived based on the assumption that stereo cameras undergo motion with constant velocity around the center of the baseline, which needs 9 pairs of correspondences on both left and right consecutive frames. The stereo RS images enable the recovery of depth maps from the semi global matching (SGM) algorithm. With the estimated camera motion and depth map, we can correct the RS images to get the undistorted images without any scene structure assumption. Experiments on both simulated points and synthetic RS images demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in relative pose estimation.
Dynamic optimisation for highly agile supply chains in e procurement context
Venue: Int. J. Prod. Res.
Year: 2018

In the conditions of an increased worldwide competition, supply chains are struggling to respond to an increasingly volatile and complex environment. With technological advances, current practices to build efficient supply chains have changed. Companies are seeking to use internet in order to cope with the flexible and dynamic nature of logistics networks. The purpose of this article is to address the flexible dynamic e procurement context under asynchronous and repetitive variations over time. The supply chain considered is composed of two levels (buyer suppliers) operating in highly agile environment. The questions facing the buyer is how many units of product should be purchased and from which supplier in response to variation in term of price and capacity. Because of this highly changing environment characterised by frequent changes in a short time, most of the classical optimisation approaches seem inadequate to address these problems. Recently, dynamic optimisation has been proposed to deal with such problems. However, we have no knowledge of its application in a supply chain context. We suggest a dynamic genetic approach which is applied to an e procurement context in aim to optimise the procurement process during time.
The mechanism of Single strand binding protein RecG binding: Implications for SSB interactome function
Venue: Protein science a publication of the Protein Society
Year: 2020

The Escherichia coli single strand DNA binding protein (SSB) is essential to viability where it functions to regulate SSB interactome function. Here it binds to single stranded DNA and to target proteins that comprise the interactome. The region of SSB that links these two essential protein functions is the intrinsically disordered linker. Key to linker function is the presence of three, conserved PXXP motifs that mediate binding to oligosaccharide oligonucleotide binding folds (OB fold) present in SSB and its interactome partners. Not surprisingly, partner OB fold deletions eliminate SSB binding. Furthermore, single point mutations in either the PXXP motifs or, in the RecG OB fold, obliterate SSB binding. The data also demonstrate that, and in contrast to the view currently held in the field, the C terminal acidic tip of SSB is not required for interactome partner binding. Instead, we propose the tip has two roles. First, and consistent with the proposal of Dixon, to regulate the structure of the C terminal domain in a biologically active conformation that prevents linkers from binding to SSB OB folds until this interaction is required. Second, as a secondary binding domain. Finally, as OB folds are present in SSB and many of its partners, we present the SSB interactome as the first family of OB fold genome guardians identified in prokaryotes.