nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature on the Compressive Strength Parallel to the Grain of Bamboo Scrimbe
Venue: Materials
Year: 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the compressive strength parallel to the grain of bamboo scrimber during and after exposure to various temperatures, in a range from 20 to 225 degC. These data were used to provide a basis for the evaluation of the fire performance of bamboo structures. A total of 152 specimens, assembled as group "during fire" and "post fire" were tested during and after exposure to high temperatures. The experimental results indicated that there were significant differences in compressive properties between the "during fire" and "post fire" groups. At one temperature level, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the "post fire" group were significantly higher than those properties of the "during fire" group, but the ductility coefficient was reversed. FTIR analysis results showed that 175 degC was a key turning point, at which thermal decomposition occurred in the cellulose of the bamboo and phenolic resin.
Corruption, governance and firm performance: Evidence from Indian enterprises
Year: 2015

Rising incidence of corruption and tax evasion in India in the recent years have attracted a great deal of attention and initiated intense debate on these issues. Motivated by this, the present study intends to examine two important research issues. First, we test the impact of bribe payment on firms' performance. Specifically, from an empirical point of view, we investigate two important but alternative hypotheses namely 'grease the wheels' and 'sand the wheels' Second, we intend to identify firms that must pay bribe. The study is based on the enterprises survey data of the World Bank. The findings on the effects of bribe on firm's performance are rather mixed. We noted that bribe works as tax on profitability of firms and reduces efficiency. However, the evidence is inconclusive relating to productivity. On the other hand, bribing shows a positive effect on the firms' export and product innovation. Therefore, the evidence provides support to both the hypotheses. Findings regarding who must pay bribe reveal that tax evading firms are likely to pay greater bribes to the government officers. Furthermore, policy impediments are an important cause of bribe payment. Thus, it is the complexity in the system (policy or bureaucratic) which tends to raise the probability of paying bribes and dampen performance. In the light of these findings, policy implications are brought out.
A customized bilevel optimization approach for solving large scale truss design problems
Year: 2020

Considerable academic research has been conducted on truss design optimization by standard metaheuristic methods; however, the generic nature of these methods becomes inefficient for problems with many decision variables. This may explain the simplicity of the relevant test problems in the academic literature in comparison with real structures. To address this challenge, this study advocates a customized optimization methodology which utilizes problem specific knowledge. It improves upon a new bilevel truss optimization method to allow for an arbitrary trade off between the stochastic upper level and the deterministic lower level search. Numerical simulations demonstrate that for large scale truss design problems, the proposed method can find significantly lighter structures up to 300 times more quickly than the best existing metaheuristic methods. The remarkable findings of this study demonstrate the importance of using engineering knowledge and discourage future research on the development of purely metaheuristic methods for truss optimization.
Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes.
Venue: Archives of pediatrics adolescent medicine
Year: 2006

To provide an estimate of benefit, if any, of child restraint systems over seat belts alone for children aged from 2 through 6 years.  A sample of children in US passenger vehicle crashes was obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration by combining cases involving a fatality from the US Department of Transportation Fatality Analysis Reporting System with a probability sample of cases without a fatality from the National Automotive Sampling System.  Children in tow away [corrected] crashes occurring between 1998 and 2003. MAIN EXPOSURE Use of child restraint systems (rear facing and forward facing car seats, and shield and belt positioning booster seats) vs seat belts. Potentially confounding variables included seating position, vehicle type, model year, driver and passenger ages, and driver survival status.  Death of child passengers from injuries incurred during the crash.  Compared with seat belts, child restraints, when not seriously misused (eg, unattached restraint, child restraint system harness not used, 2 children restrained with 1 seat belt) were associated with a 28% reduction in risk for death (relative risk, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 0.97) in children aged 2 through 6 years after adjusting for seating position, vehicle type, model year, driver and passenger ages, and driver survival status. When including cases of serious misuse, the effectiveness estimate was slightly lower (21% (relative risk, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.59 1.05)  Based on these findings as well as previous epidemiological and biomechanical evidence for child restraint system effectiveness in reducing nonfatal injury risk, efforts should continue to promote use of child restraint systems through improved laws and with education and disbursement programs.
Applying a multidimensional model of craving to disordered eating behaviors: Development of the Food Approach and Avoidance Questionnaire.
Venue: Psychological assessment
Year: 2019

Despite revisions to the DSM 5, current diagnostic criteria poorly capture the phenomena of eating disorders. The construct of food craving may help to explain the range of disordered eating and compensatory behaviors, but current measures do not fully capture the construct. Borrowing from the substance use literature and emphasizing both approach and avoidance craving inclinations, the ambivalence model of craving (AMC) provides a useful framework for predicting broad patterns of disordered eating behaviors. This study sought to develop and preliminarily validate a multidimensional AMC based measure of food craving. Items for the Food Approach and Avoidance Questionnaire were generated and development and validation data were collected via online survey from community based adults and university students (N 1,070) Exploratory factor and item response theory analyses were used for measure development. Linear regressions were used to examine convergent and discriminant validity. Exploratory sensitivity analyses included logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic curves. As hypothesized, a 2 factor measure was supported. No sex differences emerged in item functioning. The approach factor was associated with greater trait food craving, more uncontrolled eating, and greater likelihood of meeting self reported diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The avoidance factor was associated with higher levels of restrained eating, drive for thinness, and an increased likelihood of meeting self reported diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Preliminary data support a new multidimensional measure of approach and avoidance food craving with potential for a transdiagnostic conceptualization of disordered eating and compensatory behaviors.
Labor supply heterogeneity and demand for child care of mothers with young children
Year: 2016

This paper presents a structural model of the labor supply and child care choices of partnered mothers with pre school aged children. The father's time use decisions are taken as given. The main goal is to analyze the sensitivity of maternal time use to the price of child care, taxes, benefits and child care subsidies. To account for non convexities in the budget sets, we specify a discrete choice model. We estimate the model on data on couples with young children from the HILDA survey representative of the Australian population, which contains detailed information on time use and bought in child care. Simulations based on the estimated parameters show that the time decisions of mothers with pre school children are highly sensitive to changes in wages and the cost of child care. Our results also suggest that lowering effective tax rates faced by partnered mothers as second earners, by switching from family payments that are targeted on joint incomes to payments that are universal and funded by a more progressive individual based income tax, would lead to a substantial increase in their labor force participation and hours of work.
A definition for gamification: anchoring gamification in the service marketing literature
Venue: Electron. Mark.
Year: 2017

Abstract"Gamification" has gained considerable scholarly and practitioner attention; however, the discussion in academia has been largely confined to the human computer interaction and game studies domains. Since gamification is often used in service design, it is important that the concept be brought in line with the service literature. So far, though, there has been a dearth of such literature. This article is an attempt to tie in gamification with service marketing theory, which conceptualizes the consumer as a co producer of the service. It presents games as service systems composed of operant and operand resources. It proposes a definition for gamification, one that emphasizes its experiential nature. The definition highlights four important aspects of gamification: affordances, psychological mediators, goals of gamification and the context of gamification. Using the definition the article identifies four possible gamifying actors and examines gamification as communicative staging of the service environment.
Interactive whiteboards produce small gains in elementary students' self reported motivation in mathematics
Venue: Comput. Educ.
Year: 2010

A treatment/control study (N=773) was conducted to determine the extent to which use of interactive whiteboard technology (IWB) was associated with upper elementary students' self reported level of motivation in mathematics. Students in the treatment group reported higher levels of motivation relative to control students, but the effect was extremely weak. Students with teachers who were more supportive of IWB technology reported higher motivation levels (compared to students of teachers who were less supportive) but this effect also was very small. Claims about the motivation enhancing effects of the IWB are not baseless, but they appear to be somewhat overstated. Research is needed to determine how IWB use is associated with academic performance, and also to examine how teachers use the IWB and how this usage could be strengthened.
Dukungan keluarga dan kualitas hidup penderita stroke pada fase pasca akut di Wonogiri
Year: 2017

Family support and quality of life for stroke patients in the post acute phase of Wonogiri  This research aimed to determine the relationship of family support such as emotional, information, instrumental and reward with the quality of stroke patients in the post acute phase in Wonogiri.  A cross sectional study was conducted involving interviews and the use of medical record data of 161 post acute stroke patients in Wonogiri.  This study showed that there was a significant correlation of information support (p= 0.000) and awareness support (p=0.000) with the quality of life of post acute stroke patients.  The study confirms the importance of family support in terms of information support and awards support to the quality of life of patients with post acute stroke.
Community Evolution of Social Network: Feature, Algorithm and Model
Year: 2008

Researchers have devoted themselves to exploring static features of social networks and further discovered many representative characteristics, such as power law in the degree distribution and assortative value used to differentiate social networks from nonsocial ones. However, people are not satisfied with these achievements and more and more attention has been paid on how to uncover those dynamic characteristics of social networks, especially how to track community evolution effectively. With these interests, in the paper we firstly display some basic but dynamic features of social networks. Then on its basis, we propose a novel core based algorithm of tracking community evolution, CommTracker, which depends on core nodes to establish the evolving relationships among communities at different snapshots. With the algorithm, we discover two unique phenomena in social networks and further propose two representative coefficients: GROWTH and METABOLISM by which we are also able to distinguish social networks from nonsocial ones from the dynamic aspect. At last, we have developed a social network model which has the capabilities of exhibiting two necessary features above.
Failure Analysis of Condensate Pump Shaft in Power Plant
Year: 2018

Failure analysis of condensate pump shaft used in power generation plant was investigated. After 5 years of operation, the pump shaft fabricated from free machining 416 martensitic stainless steel was suddenly ruptured into two parts. Detailed study was carried out using VT, PT together with microstructure investigation using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractography, chemical analysis and hardness testing to find out the cause of shaft failure. Failure analysis investigation revealed that the shaft was failed by torsion fatigue. Rupture was initiated from the sharp edge of the shaft outer surface at which sulphide inclusions were existed The failure is attributed to simultaneous action of both stress concentration resulted from sharp corner (design fault) and sulphide inclusions that segregate in 416 free machining martensitic stainless steel base alloy near shaft surface (metallurgical fault) To overcome the shaft failure, sharp corner must be smooth turned and eliminate sulphide segregation by appropriate heat treatment.
Bim Application in the Operation and Maintenance Management of a Sports Infrastructure
Year: 2020

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) stage is the most expensive phase during the life cycle of a building. Currently, much of the information used in there is still paper based and is delivered to the owner months after the facilities are in use. Therefore, it is necessary to study the interaction between Lean principles and Building Information Modeling(BIM) Functionalities in the building during O&M phase to optimize resources. This paper proposes a BIM FM workflow and compares it with traditional Facility Management in a Peruvian sports infrastructure. The case study was Aquatic Center for the XVIII Pan American Games and VI Parapan American Games Lima 2019. The sport infrastructure was designed and built under an Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) environment applying BIM methodology until the construction phase. The main difference found is that proposed BIM FM workflow improves the efficiencies of the workforce for accessing to accuracy and complete information about Facility's components. Finally, the paper presents barriers in the BIM FM implementation evidenced in the case study.
Digital Linearization and Wideband Measurements in Optical Links
Year: 2014

Optical fiber networks have been in use for many decades to transport large amounts of data across long distances. Internet traffic grows at an exponential rate and demand for increased bandwidth and faster data rates is higher than ever. Radio frequency over fiber is used for a plethora of applications such as providing wireless access to remote and rural areas, phased array radars, and cable television to name a few. As signals are transmitted over longer distances, nonlinearities are incurred which degrades the performance and sensitivity of the link. Moreover as the data rates increase, it becomes a challenge to measure and monitor the signal integrity. This dissertation will cover two main topics: digital broadband linearization and performing wideband high speed measurements using time stretch technology. Over the last few years there has been considerable interest in reducing the intermodulation distortions in optical links. The intermodulation distortions are caused by the nonlinear transfer function of the optical link. To reduce the nonlinearities, linearization of the optical link is performed. A novel digital post processing algorithm has been developed to suppress nonlinearities and increase the dynamic range of the link. Digital broadband linearization algorithm has been implemented and demonstrated a record 120 dB.Hz2/3 Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) over 6 GHz of bandwidth and is shown to suppress third order intermodulation products by 35 dB. By reducing the nonlinearities and improving SFDR, we have increased the sensitivity of the receiver. Afterwards, simulation of the real time implementation of the digital broadband linearization algorithm onto a field programmable gate array was performed by designing the architecture and translating the code into Verilog HDL. Simulations on collected data show comparable results in both Matlab and iSim which were used to evaluate the performance. In the second part of this dissertation, two applications using time stretch are demonstrated: ultra wideband instantaneous frequency estimation and high speed signal analysis measurements. By combining time stretch technology and windowing and quadratic interpolation, ultra wideband frequency measurements with improved frequency estimation are demonstrated. Moreover, multiple signal measurements are performed, and the frequency resolution can be tuned to measure signals close together. Lastly, time stretch is used for measuring high speed signal integrity parameters such as bit error rate, jitter, and rise and fall times by taking advantage of the high sampling throughput and the ability to generate and analyze eye diagrams. In addition, we were able to integrate this technology into a test bed for aggregate optical networks and use it for an optical performance monitoring application.
Stent Thrombosis.
Venue: Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
Year: 2018

The most dreaded complication with percutaneous coronary intervention with stents, either bare metal or drug eluting stents is stent thrombosis (ST) and it has a significant detrimental effect on the outcome for the patient. The initial attempts at intervention with bare metal stents had much higher rates of ST compared with what is currently prevailing in the modern interventional world. Significant changes with respect to the stent technology, pharmacology, and most importantly our understanding of this phenomenon have decreased the risk of ST. There are many factors that can be performed to minimize the risk of ST and this review will describe the incidence, pathophysiology, and contributing risk factors to ST.
The Effects of Fraud Risk Factors and Client Characteristics on Audit Procedures
Year: 2015

There has been very little prior research examining how the prescriptions of SAS No. 99 map into the auditors' fraud risk assessment process. SAS No. 99 asks the auditors to consider two major types of fraud (fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) and misappropriation of assets (MOA) in the context of three major fraud risk factors (pressures, opportunities and rationalization) In this study we conduct an experiment to gain an understanding about the auditors' perceived responsibility for detecting FFR versus MOA. Then we examine how auditors associate the two fraud risk factors (pressures and opportunities) with the two potential types of frauds mentioned in SAS No.99. Additionally we also examine the extent which the client size of an auditor affects the auditors' perceived responsibility for detecting FFR and MOA and how the auditors associate pressures and opportunities with FFR and MOA. The results indicate that while all auditors focused equally on FFR; auditors of larger clients assessed a significantly lower responsibility for detecting MOA compared to FFR. On the other hand, auditors of smaller clients assumed equal responsibility for detecting FFR versus MOA. The results of this experiment also indicated that auditors of larger clients associated the risk of FFR more with high pressures, and the risk of MOA more with high opportunities, while auditors of smaller clients did not specifically associate the risk of FFR or MOA with either high pressures or high opportunities. Additionally the results suggest that auditors of larger clients assessed higher fraud risk and audit effort when pressure was high compared to when opportunity was high. This could be due to the fact that such auditors perceive greater responsibility for detecting FFR compared to MOA and they tend to associate high pressures with FFR and high opportunities with MOA. For the auditors engaged with smaller clients, there were no differences in the perceived responsibility for detecting FFR versus MOA, nor did they specifically associate FFR and MOA with either pressure or opportunity. As a result of which, there were no significant differences in their assessments of fraud risk and audit effort in the presence of high pressures or high opportunities.
Mansa Musa's Journey to Mecca and Its Impact on Western Sudan
Year: 2016

The sacred journey of Mansa Musa to Mecca for pilgrimage in 1324 25 is considered by many historians as one of the major events that brought deep changes on west African societies. These changes affected the social, economic, political and cultural aspects in West Africa. The paper explores the sacred journey of Mansa Musa to Mecca for pilgrimage and its impact on the empire of Mali. The research is divided into three parts, in the first, we attempt to trace this sacred journey and the different urban areas it passed through from Niani, the capital of the Empire of Mali, Walata, Taghza, Tuat, Ghdames, Cairo, Medine arriving in Mecca, with a special reference to the economic and social impacts of this journey on these urban areas. The second part of the paper deals with the route back from Mecca to Niani and the major urban areas it passed through. It is necessary to mention that, for political reasons, at Ghdames, the caravan swerved to the south to reach Gao, then Timbuktu to arrive in Niani. The third part of the paper is devoted to the local and international impact of this journey focusing on the spread of Islam, the Islamic culture and architecture and the boom in the trade of manuscripts, which made of Timbuktu a paramount center of trade and knowledge. Finally, it is important to mention that the journey of Mansa Musa for pilgrimage had deep geopolitical consequences on Africa in which the European seapowers played an important role.
Por la objetividad y contra la imparcialidad: el compromiso en la reflexion epistemologica de Ignacio Martin Baro For objectivity and against impartiality: commitment in the epistemological reflection of Ignacio Martin Baro
Year: 2015

This paper deals with the way in which Ignacio Martin Baro conceived and distinguished objectivity and impartiality in psychology. It is shown how these two fundamental epistemic values deserve different and contradictory treatments in the work of the Spanish Salvadoran psychologist. Impartiality is questioned and challenged, while objectivity is reformulated and maintained as opposed to impartiality. To elucidate this opposition between two concepts that are often assimilated to each other, the paper starts by discussing Martin Baro's epistemological perspective, specifically its affirmation of the inescapable necessity of class, social, historical and human engagement, and then it examines how this commitment is concealed in the impartiality and recognized in objectivity.