nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Web Advertisements and Gender Differences on the Conventional College Student's Attention Span
Year: 2012

Web advertisements saturate the online environment, making the completion of schoolwork online a daunting chore filled with distractions. Undergraduate college students, the target audience of many advertising companies, take on this task daily. A 2004 study by S. Shyam Sundar and Sriram Kalyanaraman suggests that advertisements, especially those with animation, distract users from the task at hand. By studying this topic, students can be made aware of how damaging online ads can be on their grades, task performance, and reading comprehension. The present research proposal investigated the effects of two types of web advertisements animated and static on attention with the hypothesis being that animated advertisements would be more effective at capturing a participant's attention. Gender differences in attention given to online advertisements were also researched. In 2007, Thomas R. Baird, Russell G. Wahlers, and Crystal K. Cooper found that females have a higher retention level than males for advertisements containing emotional content. This led to the hypothesis that female participants would pay more attention to the ads than their male counterparts. The research method requires that all participants be tested for performance on multiple choice questions unrelated to the advertisements simultaneously appearing on the computer screen. An eye tracking device will be used to record participants' visual attention to the ads. It is predicted that the mere presence of advertisements would have a negative impact on task performance.
Expanding Korean/English Parallel Corpora using Back translation for Neural Machine Translation
Year: 2018

coegeun singyeongmangeul iyonghan gigyebeonyeog(NMT: Neural Machine Translation) modeli yeongeo buleo, yeongeo dogileoyi daeyongryang kopeoseueseo usuhan seongneungeul boyeossda[1,2] NMT modeli maeryeog jeogin iyuneun End to End bangsigeuro beonyeoghal su issgi ddaemun ida. jeug, gijonyi tonggye giban gigyebeonyeog modeleun daneo hogeun gu(Phrase) giban beonyeog hu jaebaecihaneun bangsigeuro beonyeoghaneun banmyeon, NMT modeleun Encoder modelro jeonce soseu munjangeul go jeong saijeu begteoro pyohyeonhan hu Decoder modelro jeonce tagis munjangeul beonyeoghayeo culryeoghanda. ddohan, End to End bangsigeuro beonyeoghaneun gwajeongeseo balsaenghaneun janggi jongsogseong(Long term Dependency) munjereul Attention maekeonijeumeul iyonghayeo hyo gwajeogeuro haegyeolhal su issda[3,4] hajiman NMT modelyi ireo han jangjeomeun daeryangyi byeongryeol kopeoseuga bujaehan eoneo ssangyi gyeongu daso musaeghaejinda. ilbanjeogeuro byeongryeol kopeoseuga soryangil gyeong u deiteo hyisoseong(Sparsity) munjega balsaenghamyeo ineun beonyeog modelyi seongneungeul jehanhaneun juyohan yosoro jagyonghanda[5] coegeun NMT modelyi byeongryeol deiteo hyisoseong munjereul haegyeolha gi wihayeo danil eoneo deiteoreul iyonghayeo NMT modeleul hag seubhaneun dayanghan bangbeobdeuli jeandoeeossda. Gulcehreneun eoneo mo deleul NMT modele tonghabhayeo Decoderyi eoneo saengseong neungryeogeul hyangsanghaneun bangbeobeul jeanhayeossda[6] Artetxewa Lampleeun gag gag danil eoneo deiteoman iyonghayeo bijido hagseub bangbeobeuro gigyebeonyeog modeleul hagseubhayeossgo junsuhan seongneungeul boyeossda[7, 8] majimageuro Sennrichneun yeog beonyeogeul iyonghayeo yeongeo dogileo beonyeogeseo hyangsangdoen seongneungeul boyeossda[9] ijung yeog beonyeog bangbeob eun NMT modelyi gujoreul byeongyeonghaji anhgo dogribjeogeuro jeogyonghal su issdaneun jangjeomi issda. bon nonmuneseoneun danil eoneo kopeoseureul iyonghayeo gasang byeong ryeol kopeoseureul habseonghan hu gijon byeongryeol kopeoseureul hwagjanghaneun yeog beonyeog bangbeobeul iyonghayeo hangugeo yeongeo gigyebeonyeog modeleul hag seubhayeossda. yeog beonyeogeul iyonghan gyeongu gibon modelboda yeongeo hangugeo beonyeogeseo +0.48 BLEU jeomsuyi seongneung hyangsangeul boyeossda. bon nonmunyi guseongeun daeumgwa gatda. 2jangeseoneun NMTmodelgwa Attention maekeonijeumeul seolmyeonghago 3jangeseo yeog beonyeogeul iyong han gigyebeonyeog model hagseub bangbeobeul sogaehanda. 4jangeseoneun sil heomhwangyeong seolmyeonghago 5jangeseoneun yeog beonyeog modelgwa gibon modelyi seongneungeul bigyohanda. majimageuro 6jangeseo gyeolron mic hyanghu yeon gureul jesihanda.
Development and evaluation of specific lighting scenarios and ergonomic approaches to optimise visual inspection tasks
Year: 2013

The purpose of the several studies reported here was to improve the lighting conditions at industrial visual testing and inspection workplaces beyond the specifications given in technical standards. In this context, special emphasis was laid on the examination of the effects of directional and diffuse lighting as well as of sample specific lighting scenarios with respect to the ability to detect three dimensional (3D) details. The sample specific lighting scenarios were designed according to ergonomic principles and adapted to different material surfaces. Landolt rings of various sizes were laser engraved on several surface types, which are representative of the surfaces encountered in industrial final inspection tasks. The sample surfaces were fixed in a special object mount, which allowed defined and reproducible test arrangements. In a first step, the luminance distribution on the samples and the contrast between the Landolt rings and the background of the samples were measured depending on different illumination types and inclinations of the surface types. Additionally, laboratory tests were carried out in which the test subjects' visual acuity was measured while detecting 3D details (e.g. the Landolt rings) on the surfaces of different materials illuminated in different ways. It turned out that all results were strongly dependent on the inclination of the samples rather than on the lighting scenarios applied. In a further study, the time related performance in detecting surface flaws on samples under different lighting scenarios was measured. For this purpose, the average error quota was assessed, i.e. the proportion of wrongly identified Landolt rings among the overall number of optotypes and the response time to the identification of a presented optotype were determined. Both parameters gave evidence of the long term advantage of the ergonomic sample specific lighting scenarios. In a last step, the various illuminations were evaluated through a structured interview of the test subjects. The subjective assessment of the illuminations also indicated a high dependency on the geometric arrangement between light source and the sample under examination. Especially, in the context of long term inspections, the subjects preferred the sample specific lighting scenarios. The diffuse lighting was also assessed predominantly and positively. The illumination with directional lighting and with the lighting according to technical standards was, mostly, rated disadvantageously.
Nutritional quality, child oriented marketing and health/nutrition claims on sweet biscuit, breakfast cereal and dairy based dessert packs in Argentina.
Venue: Cadernos de saude publica
Year: 2020

As children are particularly vulnerable to marketing, this study analyzes marketing techniques and health/nutrition claims in food packaging and evaluates the nutritional quality in three food categories: sweet biscuits, breakfast cereals and dairy based desserts. This descriptive study analyzed marketing techniques and claims included in food packaging (n 301) in one of the largest retailers in Argentina. Trained researchers coded data following an adapted version of the INFORMAS protocol to account for local food packaging regulations. Nutritional quality was assessed using both Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile (PAHO NPM) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe Nutrient Profile (WHO Euro NPM) models. Under the PAHO model, 87% (n 262) of the product sample presented excess content of at least one nutrient "less healthy" products) and 91% (n 273) should not be marketed to children according to the WHO Euro model. Almost 40% of less healthy food products displayed nutrition claims on their package. Characters or celebrity endorsements, which are particularly attractive to children, featured in 32% of less healthy products, being more frequent in less healthy food products than in healthier ones. Results indicate that packaging for food products with low nutritional value often includes powerful marketing elements in Argentina, which renders young children very vulnerable to obesogenic influence. Moreover, the real nutritional value of the products analyzed were often at odds with the health claims shown on its package. Food labeling policies must be improved in Argentina to guarantee people's health protection against deceptive advertising.
El olivar de la ex quinta agronomica: su valoracion como simbolo del paisaje cultural de Mendoza en la nueva configuracion urbana
Year: 2018

espanolMendoza tiene la impronta de "ciudad oasis" resultado del esfuerzo del hombre para vencer el desierto y convertir un entorno agreste en un paisaje cultural propicio para el desarrollo humano. Esta transformacion surge de la incorporacion a la trama urbana, de una intensa forestacion estrategicamente ubicada en calles, parques y plazas. Asi, los antiguos olivos emplazados en la Ex Quinta Agronomica abandonan el contexto rural, para integrar el actual paisaje urbano del Centro Civico de la provincia. Este conjunto ha cambiado su funcion productiva para conformar junto al arbolado en alineacion y los demas espacios verde, el actual bosque urbano. A traves de la tecnica del claroscuro, se busca elaborar imagenes que evidencien el paso del tiempo en los olivos y sus atributos en relacion a la incidencia de la luz natural. Se analiza el entorno que los rodea en las distintas estaciones del ano modo de mostrar su caracter dinamico en permanente evolucion. Se buscar valorar su conservacion como recurso forestal historico y vital para una region arida, integrado a la nueva configuracion espacial de la ciudad. La elaboracion de composiciones esteticas ofrece como primeros resultados, imagenes interpretadas como fuentes de memoria y valoracion del patrimonio forestal. EnglishMendoza has theimprintof\"city oasis\"resulting from theman efforttoovercome the desert and convert a dry environment into a cultural landscape with fitness to human development. This transformation is possible from the incorporation into the city of an intense afforestation strategically located in streets, parks and squares. Thus, the old olive trees located in theEx QuintaAgronomica leave the rural context, to integrate the current urban landscape in the Civic Center of the province.This set has changed its productive function to integrat en ext to thetrees in alignment and the other green spaces, the current urban forest. Through the technique of chiar oscuro,it seeks to create images thats how the time passage in the olive trees and their attributes in relation to the natural light incidence. The environment that surrounds them in the different seasons of the year is analyzed in order tos how their dynamic character in permanent evolution. It seeks to value its conservation as a historical and vital forestres our ceforanarid zone, integrated to the new spatial configuration of the city. The aesthetic compositions elaborated offers, as firstresults,images interpreted as sources of memory and valuation of forest heritage
Solar energy forecasting based on hybrid neural network and improved metaheuristic algorithm
Venue: Comput. Intell.
Year: 2018

Prediction of solar power involves the knowledge of the sun atmosphere and other parameters, and the scattering processes and the specifications of a solar energy plant that employs the sun's energy to generate solar power This prediction result is essential for an efficient use of the solar power plant, the management of the electricity grid, and solar energy trading. However, because of nonlinear and nonstationary behavior of solar power time series, an efficient forecasting model is needed to predict it. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a new forecast approach based on combination of a neural network with a metaheuristic algorithm as the hybrid forecasting engine. The metaheuristic algorithm optimizes the free parameters of the neural network. This approach also includes a 2 stage feature selection filter based on the information theoretic criteria of mutual information and interaction gain, which filters out the ineffective input features. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed forecast approach, it is implemented on a real world engineering test case. Obtained results illustrate the superiority of the proposed approach in comparison with other prediction methods.
Convective drying of onion: modeling of drying kinetics parameters
Venue: Journal of Food Science and Technology
Year: 2019

Drying is a simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes. Drying kinetics is determined by both internal properties and external drying conditions. In this study, two important drying kinetics parameters of onions i.e. effective water diffusivity and relative activation energy of reaction engineering approach (REA) are determined. The generated parameters are used to model thin layer drying of onion at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70 degC) and relative humidity of 20% The effective water diffusivity is in the range of 2.8 x 10 10 m2 s 1 and 8.1 x 10 10 m2 s 1. Unlike the diffusivity, the relative activation energy of the REA is independent on drying conditions and thus the latter approach requires less effort in generating the transport properties. The transport parameters can be applied for assisting in designing dryer units and evaluating the performance of existing dryer units.
FORMACION DOCENTE Y DESARROLLO PROFESIONAL SITUADO PARA LA ENSENANZA DEL LENGUAJE Y MATEMATICAS EN COLOMBIA Teacher Training And Professional Development Located For The Teaching Of Language And Mathematics In Colombia
Year: 2018

Este articulo tiene como proposito presentar un rastreo bibliografico de las tendencias actuales en Colombia acerca de la formacion docente y desarrollo profesional situado para la ensenanza del Lenguaje y Matematicas en los niveles de educacion basica primaria y media academica. Se pretende focalizar en tres categorias de analisis: comunidades de aprendizaje, desarrollo profesional situado y practica pedagogica, demostrando de manera concreta como se ha impactado en la calidad de la educacion del pais, desde el sector oficial, mediante el analisis de los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones realizadas en este campo educativo. Estas categorias desarrollan algunas dimensiones que permiten resolver el interrogante de cuales son los cambios que se dan en la practica pedagogica de los docentes luego de aplicar un entrenamiento en la metodologia del estudio de clases. El analisis de este sistema de categorias y dimensiones se ha realizado bajo el proceso de la ensenanza del Lenguaje y Matematicas, y de como este contribuye significativamente en el mejoramiento de los procesos de comprension de lectura y resolucion de problemas matematicos. Los estudios abordados demuestran un efecto positivo sobre la ensenanza e instruccion orientada por los docentes, especialmente en sus metodologias, estrategias didacticas, desarrollo profesional situado y las practicas evaluativas, asi como en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization
Venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2015

Farming was established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK) a well investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today's Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth fourth millennia BC. Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However, our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
Optimization of an Object Oriented File System
Year: 2015

Our research provides a unified and coherent presentation of the essential concepts and techniques of object oriented file systems. It consolidates the results of research and development in the semantics and implementation of a full spectrum of information system facilities for object oriented systems, including data modeling, querying, storage structures, composite objects and integration of a programming language. This approach presents a tool for building an object oriented file system called object oriented file system tool (or OOFS for short) for completing the development of a large object oriented information system, and its associated applications development framework. First we present the technological objectives underlying the project. Then we present the process of developing the information system and detail its architecture and construction, concentrating on the areas in which object oriented technology has had a significant role. Keywords object serialization; object data modelling; object oriented database; information system generator; web system generator
In Situ Study of Oxygen Reduction in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Solution: A Fundamental Study for Development of the Lithium Oxygen Battery
Year: 2015

To develop a lithium oxygen (Li O2) battery with an extremely high specific energy, mechanisms for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on a flat gold electrode in the aprotic polar solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been systematically investigated by electrochemistry in combination with in situ UV vis absorption spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman vibrational spectroscopy (SERS) and ex situ infrared spectroscopy. In the Li free DMSO solution, O2 is efficiently reduced to the superoxide, which forms an ion pair with the tetrabutylammonium (TBA) cation and shows an excellent stability in DMSO. The adsorption of the superoxide on the gold electrode surface has been observed by an in situ SERS measurement. When the Li ion is included in the DMSO, O2 can be further electrochemically reduced to lithium peroxide (Li2O2) and deposited on the electrode surface, although a large amount of superoxide is still produced in the solution. The latter oxide shows a UV vis a.
EKSTRAKSI FLAVONOID DARI TANAMAN OBAT SEBAGAI ANTI OKSIDAN
Year: 2015

Flavonoids are phenolic compounds found in many plants and some species can act as antioxidants. Antioxidants are a substance very easily oxidized, so that when there is an air oxygen would oxidize antioxidants first before oxidize other substances. Penilitian result of various crops showed varying levels of antioxidants in each plant. This study aims to determine the levels of flavonoids in several medicinal plants are widely consumed by humans is the parasite tea, red betel leaves, soursop leaves, fruit and leaves of gotu kola gods crown. From the research results for the five materials tested, mistletoe tea has the highest concentration of flavonoids. Research carried out by the extraction time of 120 minutes, the concentration of ethanol 96% stirrer speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 70 deg C solution obtained parasite tea flavonoid concentration of 0.575 g L, the mass transfer coefficient (Kca) is calculated based on the results of experiments for the extraction of tea flavonoids parasite 0.00863382 min 1.  flavonoids, extraction, plant
Development of a Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Simulate Lung Exposure in Humans Following Oral Administration of Ivermectin for COVID 19 Drug Repurposing
Venue: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Year: 2020

SARS CoV 2 utilizes the IMPa/b1 heterodimer to enter host cell nuclei after gaining cellular access through the ACE2 receptor. Ivermectin has shown antiviral activity by inhibiting the formation of the importin a (IMPa) and IMPb1 subunits as well as dissociating the IMPa/b1 heterodimer and has in vitro efficacy against SARS CoV 2. Plasma and lung ivermectin concentrations vs. time profiles in cattle were used to determine the apparent plasma to lung tissue partition coefficient of ivermectin. This coefficient, together with a simulated geometric mean plasma profile of ivermectin from a published population pharmacokinetic model, was utilized to develop a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model. The mPBPK model accurately described the simulated ivermectin plasma concentration profile in humans. The mPBPK model was also used to simulate human lung exposure to ivermectin after 12, 30, and 120 mg oral doses. The simulated ivermectin lung exposures reached a maximum concentration of 772 ng/mL, far less than the estimated 1750 ng/mL IC50 reported for ivermectin against SARS CoV 2 in vitro. Further studies of ivermectin either reformulated for inhaled delivery or in combination with other antivirals with differing mechanisms of action is needed to assess its therapeutic potential.
Using the PRECEDE PROCEED model for an online peer to peer suicide prevention and awareness for depression (SPAD) intervention among African American college students: experimental study
Venue: Health promotion perspectives
Year: 2018

Suicide rates are high among African American students because they are at a greater risk of depression. A commonly used suicide prevention approach is the gatekeeper training. However, gatekeeper training is neither evidence based nor has it been identified as culturally appropriate for African American college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an online peer to peer PRECEDE PROCEED model based depression awareness and suicide prevention program that was culturally appropriate for African American college students.  The setting was a predominantly Black institution in southern USA. A pre experimental repeated measures one group design was used to measure changes in peer educators' (n 29) predisposing factors regarding knowledge, skills and attitudes pertaining to depression, reinforcing factors or receiving support from peers, healthcare professionals and teachers to help someone with depression, enabling factors or sureness of finding organizations to help someone with depression, and behavior for helping someone with depression at pretest, posttest and 1 month follow up. A posttest only one group design was also used to measure effect on predisposing factors and behavior of students (n 300) trained by peer educators.  There were statistically significant improvements in attitudes related to depression as disease (P 0.003; e2 0.39) attitudes about managing depression (P 0.0001; e2 0.30) skills(P 0.0001; e2 0.41) reinforcing factors (P 0.018; e2 0.13) enabling factors (P 0.0001;e2 0.31) and behavior (P 0.016; e2 0.14) Changes in knowledge about depression and attitudes about helping people with depression were not statistically significant over time for peer educators. The peer to peer training was not completely effective in transferring corresponding changes for students trained by peers.  The program was effective for peer educators but peers could not significantly influence other students in all domains. This study provides a starting point toward evidencebased approaches for health promotion interventionists addressing depression awareness and suicide prevention among African American college students.