nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A macroecological perspective for phenological research under climate change
Venue: Ecological Research
Year: 2017

Life cycles of animals and plants worldwide are shifting in response to recent climate change. Macroecology, which deals with biological patterns and processes at a large scale, is ideally suited to address this global phenomenon, thus providing a more general and generalizable understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. To date, a macroecological approach to examining phenological changes based on historical ground observations remains mostly unexplored, as the phenological studies have been conducted at local scales, while the recent new technologies, e.g. remote sensing, can extend phenological study to global scales. Because phenology is probably the most widely used bioindicator of climate change, thus allowing for studies at the macroscale. Some meta analyses have indeed employed broad scale, long term datasets to estimate overall shift rates in the timing of plant and animal phenological events. However, none has provided a convincing macroecological view of current phenological shifts, and few attempts have been made to make global scale predictions of phenological responses under future climatic scenarios. Understanding spatial variability and clines may be essential for comprehending phenological variations stemming from future climate change. Here, we discuss how ecological mechanisms discovered in macroecology may provide new insights for understanding spatial variation of sensitivity of phenology to climate change.
Study Results, A Question of Styles, Strategies, or (mis) Matching?
Year: 2012

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence students' academic performance and also to improve teaching. The background to the study is the transition from elite to mass education in universities. It is based on the academic performance of 21 students during the first year of a teacher education. Based on academic performance, the study examines what distinguishes a high performing, middle and a low performing group with respect to learning styles preferences and approaches to learning. Using descriptive statistics and phenomenographic methodology, the study shows that those who are most successful use deep strategies and have auditory visual dominant perceptual preferences. The low achievers use surface strategies, have tactile or kinesthetic dominance and display a lack of confidence in their studies as a result of the earlier failure. This article discusses how the results can be explained and why they may be of interest to today's university education and teacher education.
A novel smooth Support Vector Machines for classification and regression
Venue: 2009 4th International Conference on Computer Science Education
Year: 2009

Novel smoothing function method for Support Vector Classification (SVC) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) are proposed and attempt to overcome some drawbacks of former method which are complex, subtle, and sometimes difficult to implement. First, used Karush Kuhn Tucker complementary condition in optimization theory, unconstrained nondifferentiable optimization model is built. Then the smooth approximation algorithm basing on differentiable function is given. Finally, the paper trains the data sets with standard unconstraint optimization method. This algorithm is fast and insensitive to initial point. Theory analysis and numerical results illustrate that smoothing function method for SVMs are feasible and effective.
In a Bind: Mandatory Arbitration Clauses in the Corporate Derivative Context
Year: 2013

Arbitration has permeated the corporate governance landscape. Parties to contracts frequently choose to adhere to contractual language obligating them to resolve their disputes in front of a neutral arbitrator and outside of the courtroom.1 An increasingly popular alternative dispute resolution mechanism, mandatory arbitration clauses are now springing up in more complex forms of contract: corporate bylaws and articles of incorporation. 2 These clauses bind a corporation's owners (its shareholders) to arbitration proceedings for resolution of their derivative claims against corporate management one of the principal methods of upholding the corporate governance structure. 3 Because shareholders are being barred from the secure confines of Delaware jurisprudence as a result, mandatory arbitration clauses are causing a revolution in shareholder derivative suits, along with the fundamentals of Delaware corporate law. The popularity of mandatory arbitration provisions is evidenced by the U.S. Supreme Court's endorsement of this alternative dispute mechanism within the corporate context. The recent 5 4 Supreme Court decision AT&T
Estimating a cost effectiveness threshold for health care decision making in South Africa
Venue: Health policy and planning
Year: 2020

Cost effectiveness thresholds are important decision rules that determine whether health interventions represent good value for money. In low and middle income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) one to three times per capita gross domestic product (GDP) per disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted has been the most widely used threshold for informing resource allocation decisions. However, in 2016, the WHO withdrew recommendations for using this threshold, creating a significant vacuum in South Africa and many countries that rely on results of cost effectiveness analyses for making resource allocation decisions. This study estimates a cost effectiveness threshold that reflects the health opportunity cost of health spending in South Africa using a three step approach. First, marginal returns to health spending was estimated as health spending elasticity for crude death rates using a fixed effect estimation approach. Second, the opportunity cost of health spending was estimated as DALYs averted. Finally, a cost per DALY averted threshold was estimated as the inverse of the marginal product of health spending. We show that 1% of total health spending in 2015 (equivalent to approximately ZAR 1.54 billion/USD 120.7 million) averted 1050 deaths, 34 180 years of life lost, 5880 years lived with disability and 40 055 DALYs. The cost effectiveness threshold was estimated at approximately ZAR 38 500 (USD 3015) per DALY averted, ~53% of South Africa's per capita GDP in 2015 (ZAR 72 700/USD 5700) and lower than the previously recommended one to three times per capita GDP. As South Africa moves towards implementing universal health coverage reforms through National Health Insurance by 2025, the adoption of a threshold that reflects health opportunity costs will be crucial for ensuring efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources. This study provides useful insight into the magnitude of the health opportunity cost of health spending in South Africa and highlights the need for further research.
A Simple Digital Thermometer
Year: 2020

A digital thermometer is described in which the use of a modified null method has significantly reduced the impact of changes in the gain of the measuring path on the measurement accuracy. Autoregulation of the zero balance in the thermometer is performed using two types of pulse modulation: amplitude and pulse width. For a 12 bit digital output code and a measurement resolution of 0.037degS, the integral value of the nonlinearity error did not exceed 0.1degS in the temperature range of 100 250degS.
Eye Movement Perimetry and Frequency Doubling Perimetry: clinical performance and patient preference during glaucoma screening
Venue: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Year: 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the screening accuracy of an Eye Movement Perimetry (EMP) in comparison with Frequency Doubling Perimetry (FDP) and to investigate the patient preference and perception towards these visual field screening methods. total of 104 healthy subjects (mean age (SD) of 48 (14) years) and 73 glaucoma patients (mean age (SD) of 52 (13) years) were recruited. All the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation including the 24 2 SITA standard protocol on the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) This was followed by the 26 point protocol in EMP and the C 20 1 protocol in FDP. During EMP, all subjects were instructed to fixate a central target and to look at the detected peripheral target, followed by refixation of the central target and Saccadic Reaction Time (SRT) towards each of the "seen" stimuli was calculated. Next, a questionnaire was administered to evaluate the patient preference and perception towards the perimetry techniques. Mean SRTs and Robin scores were used to plot Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves to determine the screening accuracies. From the questionnaire survey, the frequency distributions of the responses were calculated.ResultsRobin score and SRT were significantly increased in glaucoma patients in comparison with the age matched healthy subjects (p 0.001) The ROC analysis revealed comparable Area Under the Curve (AUC) values (0.95, p 0.81) with a specificity of 95.2% for FDP and 96.2% for EMP with a sensitivity of 87.7% Thirty seven percent of the older age group 40 years) and 65% of severe glaucoma patients showed preference for EMP over FDP.ConclusionsThis study results indicate that the customized protocol in EMP provides efficient and rapid means of screening visual field defects in glaucoma, which compared well with FDP. Elderly healthy participants and patients with moderate and severe glaucomatous defects preferred EMP as it permitted natural reflexive eye movements thereby resembling a real life test setting.
A Do It All Cipher for RFID: Design Requirements (Extended Abstract)
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2012

Recent years have seen significant progress in the development of lightweight symmetric cryptoprimitives. The main concern of the designers of these primitives has been to minimize the number of gate equivalents (GEs) of the hardware implementation. However, there are numerous additional requirements that are present in real life RFID systems. We give an overview of requirements emerging or already present in the widely deployed EPCGlobal Gen2 and ISO IEC 18000 63 passive UHF RFID air interface standards. Lightweight stateful authenticated encryption algorithms seem to offer the most complete set of features for this purpose. In this work we give a Gen2 focused "lessons learned" overview of the challenges and related developments in RFID cryptography and propose what we see as appropriate design criteria for a cipher (dubbed "DoIt All Cipher" or DIAC) for the Internet of Things. We also comment on the applicability of NSA's new SIMON and SPECK proposals for this purpose.
Digital marketing and business to business relationships: a close look at the interface and a roadmap for the future
Year: 2020

This study aims to introduce the special issue on digital marketing and business to business (B2B) relationships. In general, only modest attention has been devoted to the study of digitalization in the B2B sector and even less on the importance of the perils and promises of digitalization for B2B relationships. This study's goal is to help focus scholarly attention on the implications of digitalization on B2B relationships.,In this conceptual paper, the authors' approach is to carefully review relevant literature, and to lay out the field of digital marketing and B2B relationships, conceptualizing it for future research.,The authors find that the following areas are critically important to understanding future trends in digital marketing and B2B relationships: coopetition, value co creation, B2B branding, servitization, innovation networks, relationship dynamics and power and trust.,The intersection of digitalization and B2B relationships is an under researched topic. With this paper and the accompanying special issues papers, the authors hope to begin to fill this critical gap.
Employee satisfaction with the physical work environment: The importance of a need based approach
Year: 2018

Employee satisfaction is pivotal for companies as it enhances perceived productivity and organizational performance. Office concepts and their workspaces can affect employee satisfaction. However, these effects are still ambiguous, particularly regarding the activity based concept. Therefore, in this study employee satisfaction with the work environment is investigated from a holistic approach. The effects of both personal characteristics and workspaces used by the employee on work environment satisfaction are described and measured, including mediating effects of the perceived importance of employee needs. Data was collected using an online questionnaire among 327 employees of 13 knowledge based organizations. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of personal variables, environmental variables and perceived importance of needs on satisfaction. It demonstrated that both personal and environmental variables affect satisfaction, and that a considerable number of these effects are indirect through the perceived importance of needs. In particular, the effects of used workspaces were extensive.  Nov 2018
Making Sense of Life: The Existential Self Trying to Deal with Personal Uncertainty
Year: 2009

This article is about how people make sense of life and focuses on one core threat that may play a pivotal role in people's lives as existential meaning makers: personal uncertainty. Personal uncertainty is defined as the aversive feeling that you experience when you feel uncertain about yourself. Drawing on an uncertainty management perspective, it is hypothesized that cultural worldviews may provide a means to cope with personal uncertainty and that this may explain why under conditions of personal uncertainty people may respond especially positively to events that bolster their cultural norms and values and particularly negatively to persons and events that violate these norms and values. Findings are reviewed that support the uncertainty management model's predictions. Furthermore, the uncertainty management model may explain why terror management theory is not always about terror, but (at least partly) about personal uncertainty. Finally, conceptual implications, conflicting findings, and loose ends
Corporate Debt Restructuring a Study on Indian Iron Steel Industry
Year: 2017

In 2001, the RBI set up the corporate debt restructuring (CDR) mechanism as a voluntary mechanism to facilitate restructuring debts of viable corporates outside the normal insolvency law process. The main reason for such a sharp rise in CDR cases is the slowdown after 2008 that reduced margins while huge expansion in the years before the crisis made companies pile up debt. The Infrastructure sector accounts for the most number of cases followed by iron and steel sector. The Indian steel industry continued to showcase trends of higher consumption of finished steel and continued to be a net importer on account of increased demand for special grades of steel in the country. Prior to the economic crisis of 2008, several steel makers had taken huge debt exposure, due to good demand. In addition, the cost of raw materials had shot up in recent months due to the clamp on iron ore mining in several states. Now, raw material prices have gone up and the working capital requirement of steel companies have also gone up, putting pressure on margins. Higher interest rates have also affected the margins of steel producers. In this background this research empirical study brings out an analysis of selected iron and steel companies performance of debt from financial year 2009 to 2013 based on selected financial variables and need for corporate debt restructuring mechanism was identified with the application of necessary statistical tools.
"Every Teacher, a Caring Educator" A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of a Teacher Recruitment Video in Singapore
Year: 2015

Videos are increasingly being used by organizations and corporations all over the world, both private and public, as an effective mode of communication to purvey their goods and services. One such organization is Singapore's Ministry of Education (MOE) which has produced a series of video advertisements aimed at teacher recruitment. As official discourses, they represent one channel through which the MOE constructs and articulates its ideals and expectations of the teaching profession in Singapore. In recent years, the focus of the video advertisements has been on the "caring teacher." This study aims to uncover the ideologies surrounding the construction of the caring teacher by investigating how teacher identity and agency are articulated through a teacher recruitment video. A multimodal discourse framework (Baldry and Thibault 2006) is adopted to unpack the different meanings expressed in and through the MOE's 2011 teacher recruitment video. A macroanalysis drawing on the phasal analysis framework (Baldry and Thibault 2006) and the visual semantics stratum (Lim 2007) is first carried out. This is followed by a microanalysis drawing on Halliday and Matthiessen's (2004) systemic functional model and Kress and van Leeuwen's (2006) visual analysis framework. The caring teacher is revealed as one whose role and identity are explicitly student centric, although the impact of her actions on the student is unclear. Questions are also raised on the blurring of the teacher's professional and personal identities and the practicality of teachers displaying such attributes as embodied in the video.
Multi Target Concurrent Vital Sign and Location Detection Using Metamaterial Integrated Self Injection Locked Quadrature Radar Sensor
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Year: 2019

A new architecture of self injection locked (SIL) quadrature radar sensor based on a metamaterial (MTM) leaky wave antenna (LWA) to detect multi target vital sign and location simultaneously is proposed for the first time. The angular information of targets is obtained by a 1 D MTM LWA with 50deg to +30deg beam steering angle when the frequency varies from 1.85 to 2.85 GHz. Furthermore, the distance from the radar sensor to the targets is obtained by imposing the frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation on the radar waveforms. Meanwhile, the vital sign signals of multiple targets can be extracted from the Doppler frequency spectrum. For the proof of concept, two frequencies, 2.24 and 2.45 GHz, are chosen to detect two targets at different locations, which correspond to the scanning angle at 10deg and 40deg, respectively. A first order microwave differentiator followed by a quadrature coupler is employed to convert the radio frequency (RF) signals from the output of the MTM LWA to in phase (I) and quadrature (Q) RF signals with frequency dependent amplitudes, thereby eliminating the null point issues for radar detection. Experimental results show that the proposed SIL MTM radar sensor can detect the target location accurately, while the obtained vital sign results agree well with the ground truth.
Pratiques d'approvisionnement et de consommation d'huile de palme rouge par les menages de Yaounde, Cameroun
Year: 2019

L'enquete a pour but de parcourir la diversite de situations de consommation, d'approvisionnement et d'utilisations de l'huile rouge. La ville de Yaounde a ete choisie pour realiser cette enquete du fait de sa population cosmopolite, originaire des differentes regions du Cameroun, traditionnellement consommatrices ou non d'huile rouge. Notre echantillon de menageres de Yaounde a ete raisonne pour couvrir une diversite de profils de menageres et de profils economiques des menages. La population couverte par l'enquete est donc de fait heterogene sans viser a etre representative de la population de Yaounde (pas de tirage aleatoire) Autour de l'unite de base menagere l'objet d'etude est le menage. A travers la menagere, on s'interesse aux habitudes de consommation, d'approvisionnement et d'utilisations du menage dans son ensemble. Pour les restauratrices, nous nous sommes interesses a la consommation d'huile, aux pratiques d'approvisionnement et aux utilisations de l'huile dans les pratiques du restaurant. Il s'agissait de comparer les logiques des restauratrices avec celles des menageres.
Rediscovering the Potential of Indigenous Storytelling for Conservation Practice
Year: 2018

Several intergovernmental policy instruments, including the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO and the Convention on Biological Diversity, have proposed to develop integrated strategies to build bridges between biological and cultural diversity agendas. We contend that to succeed in this endeavor, it is crucial to link biocultural revitalization to conservation practice. Our hope with this review is to call attention to indigenous storytelling as an option worth adding to the repertoire of conservation practitioners who aim to: (1) link conservation actions to indigenous worldviews; (2) foster connections between indigenous peoples and their landscapes; (3) facilitate intergenerational transfer of indigenous knowledge; (4) support dialogue over conservation; and (5) promote local participation in conservation. Because indigenous stories are full of resonance, memory, and wisdom in a footing that is structurally free of power imbalance between conservation practitioners and local communities we contend that they can be crucial to guide future efforts in biocultural conservation practice. Our review shows that deeper consideration and promotion of indigenous storytelling can lead to enhanced understanding of diverse values and perceptions around biodiversity, while offering a constructive approach for greater inclusion of indigenous peoples in conservation pursuits.
Work Activation Regimes and Well being of Unemployed People: Rhetoric, Risk and Reality of Quasi Marketization in the UK Work Programme
Year: 2017

Well being and employment activation have become central and intertwined policy priorities across advanced economies, with the mandation of unemployed claimants towards employability interventions (e.g. curriculum vitae preparation and interview skills) Compelled job search and job transitions are in part justified by the well being gains that resulting employment is said to deliver. However, this dominant focus within the activation field on outcome well being the well being improvement triggered by a transition to paid work neglects how participation in activation schemes can itself affect well being levels for unemployed people what we term 'process well being' effects. Combining theoretical literature with empirical work on the UK's large scale quasi marketized Work Programme activation scheme, we develop the limited existing academic discussion of process well being effects, considering whether and how activation participation mediates the negative well being effects of unemployment, irrespective of any employment outcomes. We further relate variation in such process well being effects to the literature on activation typologies, in which 'thinner' work first activation interventions are linked to weaker process well being effects for participants compared to 'thicker' human capital development interventions. Confirming these expectations, our empirical work shows that Work Programme participants have, to date, experienced a largely 'thin' activation regime in which participants are both expected to, and empirically demonstrate, similar if not lower levels of process well being than those who are openly unemployed. These concerning findings speak to all nations seeking to promote the well being of unemployed people and particularly those perusing 'black box' activation schemes based around quasi marketization, devolution and New Public Management.