nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiable Convex Optimization Layers
Venue: NeurIPS
Year: 2019

Recent work has shown how to embed differentiable optimization problems (that is, problems whose solutions can be backpropagated through) as layers within deep learning architectures. This method provides a useful inductive bias for certain problems, but existing software for differentiable optimization layers is rigid and difficult to apply to new settings. In this paper, we propose an approach to differentiating through disciplined convex programs, a subclass of convex optimization problems used by domain specific languages (DSLs) for convex optimization. We introduce disciplined parametrized programming, a subset of disciplined convex programming, and we show that every disciplined parametrized program can be represented as the composition of an affine map from parameters to problem data, a solver, and an affine map from the solver's solution to a solution of the original problem (a new form we refer to as affine solver affine form) We then demonstrate how to efficiently differentiate through each of these components, allowing for end to end analytical differentiation through the entire convex program. We implement our methodology in version 1.1 of CVXPY, a popular Python embedded DSL for convex optimization, and additionally implement differentiable layers for disciplined convex programs in PyTorch and TensorFlow 2.0. Our implementation significantly lowers the barrier to using convex optimization problems in differentiable programs. We present applications in linear machine learning models and in stochastic control, and we show that our layer is competitive (in execution time) compared to specialized differentiable solvers from past work.
Dynamic state estimation of generators using spherical simplex unscented transform based unbiased minimum variance filter
Year: 2020

Dynamic state estimation is essential in case of various monitoring, control, and protection strategies that are designed based on the state space model. Kalman filter based estimation algorithms are mainly used to estimate these states locally using the input and output measurements of the generator. However, in the case of wide area power system control and protection strategies, remote estimation of these states is required. This remote estimation relies upon phasor measurement units for measurement signals, which are limited to output measurements such as voltage, current, and frequency. For Kalman filter based techniques, apart from the output, input measurements such as field and torque input are also required to estimate the states. This study proposes an input invariant filter technique using unbiased minimum variance filter and spherical simplex unscented transform for remote estimation of generator states using the limited phasor measurement unit measurements. The estimation is performed in the absence of mechanical input torque and field voltage measurements using a minimum set of sigma points. The performance of the filter under various transient conditions and in the presence of measurement errors are analysed and compared with existing techniques.
Le role du milieu social dans les usages de substances psychoactives des hommes et des femmes
Year: 2008

Explorer les modes de consommation de differentes substances psychoactives permet de montrer que le rapport au produit ne se resume pas a une simple caracteristique sexuelle. Si certains produits sont plus consommes par les hommes (alcool et cannabis) et d'autres par les femmes (medicaments psychotropes) ces tendances peuvent varier suivant l'age, le niveau d'education et le milieu social des personnes. Les modes de consommation apparaissent moins lies au sexe des individus qu'aux roles sociaux qui modelent les rapports entre hommes et femmes. Les differences de comportements entre hommes et femmes sont moins marquees dans les milieux favorises que dans les milieux populaires, suggerant que la prevention, si elle a a gagner a prendre le genre en consideration, ne peut faire l'economie d'accorder une place importante aux contextes sociaux de consommation. Les approches prenant en compte les rapports sociaux de sexe dans la prevention et la reduction des risques lies aux usages de substances psychoactives se revelent beaucoup plus limitees en France que dans la plupart des pays anglo saxons et que dans certains pays en partie francophones comme le Canada ou la Suisse. Elles reposent principalement sur l'observation des seules consommations d'alcool et de tabac et sont encore souvent empreintes d'une vision stereotypee de la nature des femmes qui, a ce jour, n'a toujours pas completement disparu du champ de l'alcoologie francaise. L'objectif de ce travail est egalement de faire le point sur les donnees les plus recentes en matiere d'usages de drogues et d'explorer les differences entre hommes et femmes a leur egard. Les consommations de drogues, licites ou non, revetent souvent des significations differenciees selon le sexe, mais il convient de mesurer a quel point ces divergences sont modulees par le milieu culturel, economique et social. Les ecarts de niveaux de consommations entre hommes et femmes, variables suivant leur age, leur niveau d'instruction et leur milieu social, invitent a faire du genre 1 une question importante dans la comprehension de ces pratiques comme dans la conception des actions de prevention et de gestion des addictions.
The influence of the chief audit executive's leadership style on factors related to internal audit effectiveness
Year: 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the leadership style of a chief audit executive (CAE) and the perceived effectiveness of the internal auditing (IA) function that he/she leads. Perceived IA effectiveness is based on identified attributes in the literature influencing IA effectiveness. The aim of this paper is thus to expand the IA effectiveness debate by adding individual differences in CAEs' leadership styles as a research focus.,A quantitative approach is followed. A survey was conducted on a sample of 58 IA students enrolled in a master's degree programme at a South African university; all students hold senior positions in IA.,The study confirms that the CAE leadership style significantly influences the identified attributes of perceived IA effectiveness. It further shows that the traditional conceptualisation of leadership (as transformational, transactional and/or laissez faire) might not be appropriate for or compatible with leaders of professional teams in a regulated environment.,Practically, the study identifies and explores attributes influencing IA effectiveness that are within the purview of the CAE's leadership style and within his/her ability to influence. This information could (re)direct leadership development training programmes presented in industry and by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and at organisational level, it could inform appointment and retention and succession practices for heads of and senior management in IA.,CAEs are cautioned about the limitations imposed by laissez faire leadership on IA effectiveness. They should strive to become both transformative and transactional leaders as it has a significant influence on the effectiveness of their IA functions, and by being more effective, they can demonstrate the value proposition of IA. Organisations need to create the environment in which CAEs can act as transformational and transactional leaders. The IIA, as the pre eminent professional body, could become involved in developing leadership skills of its members. The IIA could provide guidance on leadership styles for CAEs and could also offer formal training initiatives to internal auditors on skills needed to lead IA teams.,This paper may open a new research area in IA effectiveness by focussing on the role and leadership qualities of the CAE.
The interaction between milk and beef production and emissions from land use change critical considerations in life cycle assessment and carbon footprint studies of milk
Year: 2012

Two most critical factors to address in environmental system analysis of future milk production are 1) the link between milk and beef production, and 2) the competition for land, possibly leading to land use change (LUC) with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and loss of biodiversity as important implications. Different methodological approaches concerning these factors, in studies on environmental impacts of dairy production, sometimes lead to contradictory results. Increasing milk yield per cow is often one of the solutions discussed in order to reduce GHG emissions from milk production. However, when also accounting for other systems affected (e.g. beef production) it is not certain that an increase in milk yield per cow leads to a reduction in total GHG emissions per kg milk. In the present study the correlation between carbon footprint (CF) of milk and the amount of milk delivered per cow is investigated for 23 dairy farms (both organic and conventional) in Sweden. Use of a fixed allocation factor of 90% (based on economic value) indicates a reduction in CF with increased milk yield, while no correlation can be noted when system expansion is applied. The average CF for two groups of farms, organic and high yielding conventional, is also calculated. When conducting system expansion the CF is somewhat lower for the organic farms (which have a lower milk yield per cow, but more meat per kg milk) but when a 90% allocation factor is used, the CF is somewhat higher for the organic farms compared to the high yielding conventional farms. In analysis of future strategies for milk production, it is suggested that system expansion should be applied, in order to also account for environmental impacts from affected systems. Thus, scenarios for milk and meat production should be analysed in an integrated approach in order to reduce total emissions from the livestock sector. How to account for emissions from LUC is highly debated and there is no current shared consensus. Different LUC methods result in significantly different results. In this study, four different LUC methods are applied, using data for organic milk production and high yielding conventional milk production systems in Sweden. Depending on which LUC method was applied, the organic system showed about 50% higher or 40% lower CF compared to the conventional high yielding system. Thus, when reporting CF numbers, it is important to report LUC factors separately and clearly explain the underlying assumptions, since the method of accounting for LUC can drastically change the results.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Pipeline for Automated Mapping of Events and Locations From Social Media in Disasters
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

The objective of this study is to propose and test a hybrid machine learning pipeline to uncover the unfolding of disaster events corresponding to different locations from social media posts during disasters. Effective disaster response and recovery require a comprehensive understanding of disaster situations, i.e. unfolding of disaster events and geographic distribution of the disruptions. Existing studies have employed machine learning methods to conduct coarse grained event detection and analyze the geographical location information from geotagged social media data. However, only a very small fraction of the entire set of social media data includes geotagged information, which may not directly correspond to events described in the content of posts. In addition, the coarse grained information detected by existing approaches is token based, which does not provide sufficient information for situation awareness. Hence, the detection of location and finer grained event information could significantly improve the utility, credibility, and interpretability of social media data for situation awareness. To address these limitations, this study proposed a hybrid machine learning pipeline that makes use of all relevant tweets to uncover the evolution of disaster events across different locations. The pipeline integrates Named Entity Recognition for detecting locations mentioned in the posts, location fusion approach to extract coordinates of the locations and remove noise information, fine tuned BERT model for classifying posts with humanitarian categories, and graph based clustering to identify credible situational information. The application of the study is demonstrated using the data set collected from Twitter during the 2017 Hurricane Harvey in Houston. The results show the capability of the proposed hybrid pipeline for automated mapping of events across time and space from social media posts with considerable accuracy. The findings also suggest that the potential for forensic analysis of disasters using mapped events and their evolution, and based on the variation of social media attention to different locations in disasters. Hence, this method could provide a useful tool to support emergency managers, public officials, residents, first responders, and other stakeholders in rapid situation awareness across time and space.
Development of methodological approach to enterprise's financial strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of its strategic potential
Year: 2016

The article presents research results of theoretical and methodological basis of financial strategy formation and mechanisms for implementation of Russian industrial enterprises to ensure their strategic development. The necessity of developing the industrial enterpriseaEUR(tm)s financial strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of its strategic potential. The authors propose a methodological approach to developing a financial strategy based on the analysis of the enterpriseaEUR(tm)s strategic potential by calculating the integrated index (SPt) which allows not only to analyze and evaluate the influence of factors internal and external environment, financial position and internal capacity of the enterprise, its strategic capabilities and competitiveness, but also to determine the best type of financial strategy. The results of the analysis showed that depending on the value of this indicator identifies five basic levels of strategic potential development (absolute, high, stable, unstable and critical levels) and the most appropriate types of financial strategies: aggressive or accelerated growth, moderate growth, conservative or defensive, crisis or financial stabilization strategy, survival or elimination. Under the proposed methodological approach, the method of comprehensive evaluation of the industrial enterpriseaEUR(tm)s strategic potential, outlining the priority areas for the implementation of the financial strategy.
Extremophiles and biotechnology: current uses and prospects
Venue: F1000Research
Year: 2016

Biotechnology has almost unlimited potential to change our lives in very exciting ways. Many of the chemical reactions that produce these products can be fully optimized by performing them at extremes of temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH for efficient and cost effective outcomes. Fortunately, there are many organisms (extremophiles) that thrive in extreme environments found in nature and offer an excellent source of replacement enzymes in lieu of mesophilic ones currently used in these processes. In this review, I discuss the current uses and some potential new applications of extremophiles and their products, including enzymes, in biotechnology.
SIRT6 expression and oxidative DNA damage in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Venue: Gene
Year: 2018

Sirtuins (SIRTs) is a family of NAD+ dependent histone deacetylases. SIRT6 takes play in glucose homeostasis, genomic stability and DNA repair. Although increased oxidative DNA damage and decreased DNA repair activity were determined in diabetes mellitus, the possible relation between level of oxidative DNA damage and SIRT6 expression has not been investigated so far. We determined SIRT6 expression and urinary 8 hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) levels, marker of oxidative DNA damage, in cases with prediabetes (PreDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) SIRT6 gene expression was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes of 70 patients with type 2 diabetes, 50 cases in prediabetic stage and 40 healthy subjects. SIRT6 mRNA levels were determined by quantitive real time polymerase chain reaction. SIRT6 protein was detected by immunocytochemical staining. Urinary 8 hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) levels were measured by ELISA. There was no significant difference between groups for SIRT6 mRNA level. SIRT6 immunopositivity in T2DM group was lower when compared to those in preDM group (P<0.05) SIRT6 positive cell number in T2DM and preDM groups were lower in comparison to control group (P<0.01 for both) however, when study groups were subdivided into two groups according to their age, the difference between preDM and control groups disappeared in both mid aged and old aged groups. The urinary 8 OHdG level was found to be higher in the T2DM group in comparison to preDM group (P<0.05) When age is taken into consideration, urinary 8 OHdG level in the T2DM group was found to be higher than those in both preDM and control groups in the old aged cases but no significant difference was determined between groups in the mid aged cases. There was no relation between SIRT6 expression and urinary 8 OHDG excretion. It was concluded that SIRT6 may take play in development of T2DM but this effect seems to be independent from repair of oxidative DNA damage.
Spillovers of Political Shocks to Sino Japanese Relations in Annual Reports of the Japan China Economic Association (1981 2015)
Venue: Economic Effects of Political Shocks to Sino Japanese Relations (2005 2014)
Year: 2019

Political shocks to Sino Japanese relations resulting from the textbook discussion in 2005 and the Senkaku Islands dispute in 2010 and 2012 have caused direct and indirect spillovers onto economic relations, such as property damage, boycotts or canceled business events. In most cases, both direct and indirect effects were detrimental to Japanese companies in China. This experience raises the question whether direct or indirect spillovers caused by shocks, or conflicting political relations in general, play a role for Japanese actors doing business with China.
HPI Question Answering System in BioASQ 2016
Year: 2016

Question answering (QA) systems are crucial when searching for exact answers for natural language questions in the biomedical domain. Answers to many of such questions can be extracted from the 26 millions biomedical publications currently included in MEDLINE when relying on appropriate natural language processing (NLP) tools. In this work we describe our participation in the task 4b of the BioASQ challenge using two QA systems that we developed for biomedicine. Preliminary results show that our systems achieved first and second positions in the snippet retrieval sub task and for the generation of ideal answers.
Integrated performance improvement for a bimodal linear ultrasonic motor using a dual frequency asymmetric excitation method.
Venue: Ultrasonics
Year: 2020

To improve the integrated performance of a representative bimodal linear ultrasonic motor under continuous operation, this paper proposes a novel dual frequency asymmetric excitation method for such motors which can operate under traditional single phase asymmetric or two phase symmetric excitation modes. In particular, two optimal excitation frequencies from loss reduction aspect of the stator under actual contact based operating conditions are determined by the corresponding equivalent circuit model. The effects of the proposed excitation mode on the motion trajectory of the driving tip and the motor performance are analyzed in detail. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the motor has better mechanical characteristics with the proposed excitation method comparing to traditional excitation methods. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate that the motor demonstrates acceptable temperature characteristics and operating stability under the proposed excitation method with calculated optimal frequencies.
Vaccin prophylactique a base de la proteine sa2451 de staphylococcus aureus
Year: 2012

La presente invention concerne des procedes d'induction d'une reponse immunitaire contre Staphylococcus lesdits procedes comprenant l'administration d'une composition comprenant un polypeptide apparente a SA2451 de Staphylococcus aureus ainsi que des derives ou des fragments de celui ci. La presente invention concerne en outre des procedes de traitement et/ou de reduction de la probabilite d'une infection par Staphylococcus par administration d'une composition comprenant un polypeptide apparente a SA2451 ou un anticorps qui se lie specifiquement a un polypeptide SA2451, un derive ou des fragments de celui ci. Les compositions administrees dans les procedes de l'invention peuvent comprendre un ou plusieurs antigenes supplementaires. L'invention concerne egalement les compositions utilisees pour mettre les procedes de l'invention en pratique.
The internationalization of production and the politics of compliance in WTO disputes
Year: 2018

In this paper we seek to advance the debate on the conditions under which the WTO Dispute Settlement Body can bring about trade liberalizing policy change in WTO members. Under what conditions do WTO members change domestic policies or measures that are challenged in WTO litigation? Starting from the assumption that policymakers are political support maximizers who seek to avoid the mobilization of political enemies, we argue that the degree of integration in Global Value Chains (GVCs) of the economic sectors affected by a WTO dispute influences members' propensity to change domestic policies when targeted in WTO litigation. The initiation of a WTO dispute against sectors highly integrated in GVCs engenders the emergence of a domestic coalition of pro trade liberalization groups composed of exporters seeking to avoid the imposition of retaliatory measures and import dependent firms wishing to exploit the opportunity to access cheaper imports. Under these circumstances, trade liberalizing responses to WTO legal challenges are therefore more likely. We test this hypothesis by estimating a Cox proportional hazard model and find that GVCs positively impact states' propensity to comply with the WTO dispute settlement panel rulings.
Iterative Local Global Collaboration Learning Towards One Shot Video Person Re Identification
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2020

Video person re identification (video Re ID) plays an important role in surveillance video analysis and has gained increasing attention recently. However, existing supervised methods require vast labeled identities across cameras. Although some unsupervised approaches have been exploited for video Re ID, they are still in their infancy due to the complex nature of learning discriminative features on unlabelled data. In this article, we focus on one shot video Re ID and present an iterative local global collaboration learning approach to learn robust and discriminative person representations. Specifically, it jointly considers the global video information and local frame sequence information to better capture the diverse appearance of the person for feature learning and pseudo label estimation. Moreover, as the cross entropy loss may induce the model to focus on identity irrelevant factors, we introduce the variational information bottleneck as a regularization term to train the model together. It can help filter undesirable information and characterize subtle differences among persons. Since accuracy cannot always be guaranteed for pseudo labels, we adopt a dynamic selection strategy to select part of pseudo labeled data with higher confidence to update the training set and re train the learning model. During training, our method iteratively executes the feature learning, pseudo label estimation, and dynamic sample selection until all the unlabeled data have been seen. Extensive experiments on two public datasets, i.e. DukeMTMC VideoReID and MARS, have verified the superiority of our model to several cutting edge competitors.