nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Adsorption Energy of Methanol Molecules Along Ni N Doped Carbon Phase Boundaries by the Mott Schottky Effect for Gas Phase Methanol Dehydrogenation.
Venue: Angewandte Chemie
Year: 2018

Engineering the adsorption of molecules on active sites is an integral and challenging part for the design of highly efficient transition metal based catalysts for methanol dehydrogenation. A Mott Schottky catalyst composed of Ni nanoparticles and tailorable nitrogen doped carbon foam (Ni/NCF) and thus tunable adsorption energy is presented for highly efficient and selective dehydrogenation of gas phase methanol to hydrogen and CO even under relatively high weight hourly space velocities (WHSV) Both theoretical and experimental results reveal the key role of the rectifying contact at the Ni/NCF boundaries in tailoring the electron density of Ni species and enhancing the absorption energies of methanol molecules, which leads to a remarkably high turnover frequency (TOF) value (356 mol methanol mol 1 Ni h 1 at 350 degC) outpacing previously reported bench marked transition metal catalysts 10 fold.
Development of the Method of Generating Programmed Trajectories of the End Effector of a 3D Printer for Additive Technologies Based on a Spatial Manipulation Mechanism
Venue: Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Electromechanics and Robotics "Zavalishin's Readings"
Year: 2019

This article presents the results of the development of a robotic complex that performs the additive technologies based on a spatial manipulator. The quality of three dimensional printing depends on the continuous movement of the end effector an extruder, along a trajectory that is set in the generalized coordinates or in the Cartesian space. In this paper, we proposed a method for the generating programmed trajectories of the end effector of the manipulation mechanism by specifying a set of node points, and the movement between them is carried out along straight line movements. To complete this purpose, the inverse kinematics problem of position is solved at each time instant. The developed algorithm was implemented in the MATLAB that allowed determine the values of the generalized coordinates, velocities, accelerations, and forces during the motion of the links corresponding to the given points of the trajectory in spatial manipulator configurations.
Adaptive Methods for Classification in Arbitrarily Imbalanced and Drifting Data Streams
Venue: PAKDD Workshops
Year: 2009

Streaming data is pervasive in a multitude of data mining applications. One fundamental problem in the task of mining streaming data is distributional drift over time. Streams may also exhibit high and varying degrees of class imbalance, which can further complicate the task. In scenarios like these, class imbalance is particularly difficult to overcome and has not been as thoroughly studied. In this paper, we comprehensively consider the issues of changing distributions in conjunction with high degrees of class imbalance in streaming data. We propose new approaches based on distributional divergence and meta classification that improve several performance metrics often applied in the study of imbalanced classification. We also propose a new distance measure for detecting distributional drift and examine its utility in weighting ensemble base classifiers. We employ a sequential validation framework, which we believe is the most meaningful option in the context of streaming imbalanced data.
Reduction in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Venue: Diabetes Care
Year: 2007

The effectiveness of intentional weight loss in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in type 2 diabetes is unknown. This report describes 1 year changes in CVD risk factors in a trial designed to examine the long term effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on the incidence of major CVD events.  This study consisted of a multicentered, randomized, controlled trial of 5,145 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 45 74 years, with BMI >25 kg/m2 >27 kg/m2 if taking insulin) An intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) involving group and individual meetings to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity was compared with a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition.  Participants assigned to ILI lost an average 8.6% of their initial weight vs. 0.7% in DSE group (P 0.001) Mean fitness increased in ILI by 20.9 vs. 5.8% in DSE (P 0.001) A greater proportion of ILI participants had reductions in diabetes, hypertension, and lipid lowering medicines. Mean A1C dropped from 7.3 to 6.6% in ILI (P 0.001) vs. from 7.3 to 7.2% in DSE. Systolic and diastolic pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio improved significantly more in ILI than DSE participants (all P 0.01) CONCLUSIONS At 1 year, ILI resulted in clinically significant weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes. This was associated with improved diabetes control and CVD risk factors and reduced medicine use in ILI versus DSE. Continued intervention and follow up will determine whether these changes are maintained and will reduce CVD risk.
Ectopic pregnancy secondary to in vitro fertilisation embryo transfer: pathogenic mechanisms and management strategies
Venue: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
Year: 2015

BackgroundEctopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during the first trimester and the incidence increases dramatically with in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF ET) The co existence of an EP with a viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) is known as heterotopic pregnancy (HP) affecting about 1% of patients during assisted conception. EP/HP can cause significant morbidity and occasional mortality and represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly during fertility treatment. Many risk factors related to IVF ET techniques and the cause of infertility have been documented. The combination of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is the most reliable diagnostic tool, with early diagnosis of EP/HP permitting conservative management. This review describes the risk factors, diagnostic modalities and treatment approaches of EP/HP during IVF ET and also their impact on subsequent fertility treatment.MethodsThe scientific literature was searched for studies investigating EP/HP during IVF ET. Publications in English and within the past 6 years were mostly selected.ResultsA history of tubal infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease and specific aspects of embryo transfer technique are the most significant risk factors for later EP. Early measurement of serum hCG and performance of TVS by an expert operator as early as gestational week 5 can identify cases of possible EP. These women should be closely monitored with repeated ultrasound and hCG measurement until a diagnosis is reached. Treatment must be customised to the clinical condition and future fertility requirements of the patient. In cases of HP, the viable IUP can be preserved in the majority of cases but requires early detection of HP. No apparent negative impact of the different treatment approaches for EP/HP on subsequent IVF ET, except for risk of recurrence.ConclusionsEP/HP are tragic events in a couple's reproductive life, and the earlier the diagnosis the better the prognosis. Due to the increase incidence following IVF ET, there is a compelling need to develop a diagnostic biomarker/algorithm that can predict pregnancy outcome with high sensitivity and specificity before IVF ET to prevent and/or properly manage those who are at higher risk of EP/HP.
The geobiosphere emergy baseline: A synthesis
Year: 2016

The concept of emergy defined as the available energy (or exergy) of one form used up directly and indirectly to produce an item or action (Odum, Environmental Accounting Emergy and Environmental Decision Making, John Wiley Sons, Inc. 1996) requires the specification of a uniform solar equivalent exergy reference, or geobiosphere emergy baseline (GEB) Three primary exergy sources of different origins interact to drive processes within the geobiosphere. Each of these sources are expressed in solar equivalent exergy from which, all other forms of energy can be computed, so that they may be expressed as emergy in units of solar emjoules. If emergy practitioners reference their work to a single agreed upon baseline, then all research products resulting from the application of the emergy approach will be inherently consistent and valid comparisons can then be made easily. In this paper, we synthesize information from three new calculation procedures of the emergy baseline for the geobiosphere and propose a unified solution.
Effect of Linewidth Enhancement Factor on Fringe in a Self Mixing Signal and Improved Estimation of Feedback Factor in Laser Diode
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

The optical output power of a laser diode is modulated by the self mixing effect when the optical beam is back reflected or back scattered into the laser cavity by a target. The optical feedback factor <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> is the most important one that defines the feature of the self mixing signals (SMSs) And the estimation of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> is indispensable for the displacement reconstruction by the phase unwrapping method because it is impossible to reconstruct the displacement with sub wavelength resolution, provided the exact value of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> is unknown. Unfortunately, <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> is subject to constant change during the measurement and, what is worse; its estimation is usually very time consuming. This paper studies the feature of a high and low fringe of SMSs in moderate and strong feedback regime and the effect of the feedback factor and the linewidth enhancement factor on the fringes and presents a simple approach to the estimation of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> when <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C>1.5$ /tex math>/inline formula> based on the behavioral model proposed by Plantier <italic>et al./italic> In particular, the novel approach enables fast direct estimation of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> because it is based on analytic relations between <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$C$ /tex math>/inline formula> and the amplitudes of the high and low peak in SMSs.
Linking crowding, housing inadequacy, and perceived housing stress
Year: 2016

This study sought to explain how housing inadequacy affects inhabitants' experiences of dwelling related stress. We defined housing inadequacy as the gap between self reported availability and importance of specific interior features, and we measured stress from self reported perceptions of efficacy or helplessness with regard to the home. From a survey of 1668 community residents, we found that inadequate retreat and lack of dwelling related efficacy each mediated the effect of inadequate comfort upon dwelling related helplessness. Two moderation models, predicting efficacy and helplessness respectively, compared whether respondents reported that their households used all habitable rooms for sleeping. This rooms ratio metric interacted with the more traditional density metric of persons per room; as persons per room increased, respondents in households using all rooms for sleeping had a steeper decrease in efficacy as well as a steeper increase in helplessness. We also explored some methodological issues in describing person environment fit in a demographically heterogeneous sample.
A passage to adulthood ethnographic perspectives on transitional care for adolescents with epilepsy and a comorbid learning disability
Year: 2020

Transition is the planned and purposeful movement of adolescents with a chronic health condition into adult services. It aims to promote independence and self management of young patients with regard to their ongoing health and care needs. However, particular challenges (including a reluctance of patients and families to leave the familiar paediatric environment and increased risk of psychological distress during the transitional period) have been identified as young patients move between these services. Consequently, this care practice has been identified as a key area for national improvement. In searching for ways to address these challenges, practitioners, researchers and policy makers have focused upon implementing care interventions that aim to build independence and responsibility amongst young patients. Given that young people who have epilepsy and severe forms of co morbid learning disabilities [ELD] may not always reach complete independence from their carers, questions remain as to whether the aims of the transitional process are applicable to this population. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to (re)specify the transition 'challenge' by documenting and analysing the institutional practices and lived experiences of ELD through a transitional care service. This study is the first to ethnographically examine the practice of UK transitional care for young people with ELD. Through a multi sited ethnographic approach, I show that the transitional care between two hospitals in the north of England (and wider 'social' domains such as the family home and social care environments) is a highly situated and negotiated practice. Furthermore, narrative and observational methods of data collection with clinicians, care professionals, families and young people with ELD reveal transitional care to be a practice that is bound up with assumptions about what it means to be an adolescent, tensions in cultures of care, expectations regarding rites of passage and normative conceptualisations of the childhood adulthood dichotomy. Based on these findings, the central argument of this thesis is that, whilst UK adolescent healthcare is a complex and contested care practice that organises and orders patients based on chronological age, it is also a social practice that operates in the context of wider political agendas and social ideals. In situating ELD transition within its institutional context, this study exposes the sociocultural arrangements that shape contemporary understandings and experiences of adolescence and disability. Crucially, it shows how society and culture shape biomedical practices and understandings of the adolescent patient.
Venture Capital Financing in Germany The Role of Contractual Arrangements in Mitigating Incentive Conflicts
Year: 2007

Using a hand collected sample of contracts and investment proposals from German venture capital financing relationships, we analyze specific incentive conflicts. We apply indirect and direct measures of these problems and extend the direct approach by Kaplan and Stromberg (2004) to a four instead of a three factor analysis. This enables us to distinguish better between hidden action and hold up problems. Moreover, we find several differences between our German sample and the results of US studies that may be caused by the different role of debt finance. Furthermore, the superiority of direct indicators is more pronounced for Germany than for the US.
New ultralight automotive door life cycle assessment
Venue: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Year: 2018

PurposeMagna International Inc. (Magna) in cooperation with the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) and partners FCA US LLC (FCA US) and Grupo Antolin North America, Inc. developed a new state of the art Ultralight door design in 2017 that achieved a 40% overall mass reduction compared to the Baseline door. The purpose of this comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) study is to provide quantitative information about the potential life cycle environmental performance of the new Ultralight door parts compared to the conventional door parts of the 2016 Chrysler 200C (the Baseline) built and driven for 250,000 km in North America (NA).MethodsThis LCA study of Magna's Ultralight door innovation is conducted in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards 14040 series and follows the specific rules and requirements provided in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Group guidelines for conducting LCA of auto parts incorporating weight changes due to material composition, manufacturing technology, or part geometry. This guidance establishes auto sector specific technical parameters and LCA calculation rules and requirements for conducting comparative LCA studies for auto parts in NA.Results and discussionLife cycle global warming potential (GWP) and total primary energy demand (TPE) of the Ultralight auto doors (with powertrain, P/T adaptation) are 6.0 g carbon dioxide, CO2 eq/km, and 86 kJ/km lower than that of the Baseline, respectively. Life cycle GWP and TPE of the Ultralight auto doors (no P/T adaptation) are 2.8 g CO2 eq/km and 40 kJ/km lower than that of the Baseline, respectively. The "vehicle strategic systems" (with P/T adaptation) lightweighting approach shows the lowest potential environmental impacts compared to the Baseline in all selected LCA indicators.ConclusionsOverall, the innovative aluminum intensive door design architecture provides a substantial mass reduction for the driver's side door (15.2 kg) which results in a potential mass reduction of 49.5 kg for a 4 door vehicle versus its Baseline 4 door. The ISO 14040 series and CSA Group Guidance conformance LCA results of the Ultralight door designs (no P/T and with P/T adaptation) show lower potential environmental impacts due to lightweighting compared to the Baseline, both built and driven for 250,000 km in NA, in terms of all selected LCA indicators.
Coupled Variational Image Decomposition and Restoration Model for Blurred Cartoon Plus Texture Images With Missing Pixels
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2013

In this paper, we develop a decomposition model to restore blurred images with missing pixels. Our assumption is that the underlying image is the superposition of cartoon and texture components. We use the total variation norm and its dual norm to regularize the cartoon and texture, respectively. We recommend an efficient numerical algorithm based on the splitting versions of augmented Lagrangian method to solve the problem. Theoretically, the existence of a minimizer to the energy function and the convergence of the algorithm are guaranteed. In contrast to recently developed methods for deblurring images, the proposed algorithm not only gives the restored image, but also gives a decomposition of cartoon and texture parts. These two parts can be further used in segmentation and inpainting problems. Numerical comparisons between this algorithm and some state of the art methods are also reported.
Reforming Personal Injury Claims Settlement: Paying More Attention to Emotional Dimension Promotes Victim Recovery
Year: 2009

The Dutch Ministry of Justice commissioned the VU University Amsterdam to investigate the needs, expectations and experiences of victims and their relatives with regard to the settlement of personal injury losses. This study shows that most victims are concerned with needs of a non pecuniary nature in addition to financial compensation. Even if the most important reason for taking action is financial in nature, non pecuniary needs play an important role. Much goes wrong, however, when it comes to meeting those needs. Nevertheless, in contrast to what is often assumed, civil liability law has certain characteristics which actually make it quite suitable for meeting the non pecuniary needs of victims. This positive potential is not realized, however, due to the fact that the current practice of handling personal injury claims focuses almost exclusively on financial compensation. This is all the more problematic as the failure to meet these non pecuniary needs is not only experienced as frustrating, but also constitutes an impediment to recovery, while in the field of personal injury the law holds that recovery takes precedence over compensation. The study concludes that by paying insufficient attention to the non pecuniary needs of claimants, current liability law fails to pursue its own restitutionary goals. This state of affairs calls for reform of the claims settlement process, to which end some tentative suggestions are made.
Aggression in toddlerhood: The roles of parental beliefs, parenting behavior and precursors of theory of mind
Year: 2020

Parental beliefs, parenting behavior, and precursors of theory of mind have been related uniquely to each other and to early aggression, but have not yet been studied simultaneously. The present study combined these risk factors in the prediction of aggression during toddlerhood using a sample of 152 mother child dyads. At 20 months, mothers' parental beliefs (parental self efficacy and perceived parental impact) were examined with the Parental Cognitions and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale. Maternal parenting behavior (sensitivity, intrusiveness, and successful positive engagement) was observed during free play and teaching tasks, and children's precursors of theory of mind were assessed using a visual perspectives task and an imitation task. At 30 months, child aggression was examined using the Child Behavior Checklist. A regression analysis indicated that lower parental self efficacy and lower imitation skills predicted more aggressive behavior. When estimating the indirect effects using bootstrapping, a final model was found indicating that lower perceived parental impact was related to less successful positive engagement, which, in turn, was associated with children's poorer imitation abilities which predicted more aggressive behavior. It can be concluded that aggression during toddlerhood is predicted significantly by interrelated parental beliefs, parenting behavior, and children's early social cognitive abilities.
Attention based Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for Lane Change Behaviors in Autonomous Driving
Venue: 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Year: 2019

Performing safe and efficient lane changes is a crucial feature for creating fully autonomous vehicles. Recent advances have demonstrated successful lane following behavior using deep reinforcement learning, yet the interactions with other vehicles on road for lane changes are rarely considered. In this paper, we design a hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm to learn lane change behaviors in dense traffic. By breaking down overall behavior to sub policies, faster and safer lane change actions can be learned. We also apply temporal and spatial attention to the DRL architecture, which helps the vehicle focus more on surrounding vehicles and leads to smoother lane change behavior. We conduct our experiments in the TORCS simulator and the results outperform the state of the art deep reinforcement learning algorithm in various lane change scenarios.