nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Motivation and academic performance of medical students from ethnic minorities and majority: a comparative study
Venue: BMC medical education
Year: 2017

BackgroundMedical students from ethnic minorities underperform in knowledge and skills assessments both in pre clinical and clinical education compared to the ethnic majority group. Motivation, which influences learning and academic performance of medical students, might play an important role in explaining these differences, but is under investigated. This study aimed to compare two types of motivation (autonomous and controlled) of ethnic minority (Western and non Western) and majority (Dutch) students, and their association with academic performance.MethodsIn a cross sectional study, all students of a Dutch medical school were invited to complete a survey including the Academic Self Regulation Questionnaire, measuring autonomous and controlled motivation, in the academic year 2015 2016. Motivation was compared using Kruskal Wallis test and performance was compared using One Way ANOVA. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between motivation and performance (grade point average; GPA).ResultsThe response rate was 38.6% (n 947) Autonomous motivation (AM) of non Western students was higher than that of Dutch students in pre clinical and clinical education (p 0.05) Controlled motivation was higher in Western students than in Dutch students (pre clinical education; p 0.05) AM was associated with a higher GPA for Dutch (pre clinical education; b 0.33, p 0.05) and Western students (clinical education; b 0.57, p 0.05) only.ConclusionsOur results show significant differences in the type of motivation between the ethnic majority and minority groups. The association of motivation with performance also differs between ethnic groups. We found that AM has a positive influence on GPA. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
Designing effective organizations
Year: 2014

The competitiveness of an engineering company in today's marketplace depends as much on its organizational structure and style as on its technical capability. Indeed, the latter flows from the former. The modern organization must be lean, responsive, flexible and make maximum effective use of its engineers. Many heads of technical functions have experience only of traditional functional organizational structures, and have little knowledge of how to design for organizational effectiveness in terms of speed of response, reduced lead times, and total quality performance. Often organizational change in response to competitive pressures is done in an unsystematic and ad hoc way, with consequentially poor results. Whilst an organization cannot be designed with decimal point precision, studies of organizational innovation and systems engineering show that a set of methodologies exists to help a top management team to improve the organizational structure of their company in a positive, step by step and systematic way. Such an approach is an integral part of a Total Quality program aimed at achieving high quality of performance of every part of the organization.
A comparison of software and hardware techniques for x86 virtualization
Venue: ASPLOS XII
Year: 2006

Until recently, the x86 architecture has not permitted classical trap and emulate virtualization. Virtual Machine Monitors for x86, such as VMware (r) Workstation and Virtual PC, have instead used binary translation of the guest kernel code. However, both Intel and AMD have now introduced architectural extensions to support classical virtualization.We compare an existing software VMM with a new VMM designed for the emerging hardware support. Surprisingly, the hardware VMM often suffers lower performance than the pure software VMM. To determine why, we study architecture level events such as page table updates, context switches and I/O, and find their costs vastly different among native, software VMM and hardware VMM execution.We find that the hardware support fails to provide an unambiguous performance advantage for two primary reasons: first, it offers no support for MMU virtualization; second, it fails to co exist with existing software techniques for MMU virtualization. We look ahead to emerging techniques for addressing this MMU virtualization problem in the context of hardware assisted virtualization.
The Role of Marketer Generated Content in Customer Engagement Marketing
Venue: Journal of Marketing
Year: 2019

Despite the demonstrated importance of customer sentiment in social media for outcomes such as purchase behavior and of firms' increasing use of customer engagement initiatives, surprisingly few studies have investigated firms' ability to influence the sentiment of customers' digital engagement. Many firms track buyers' offline interactions, design online content to coincide with customers' experiences, and face varied performance during events, enabling the modification of marketer generated content to correspond to the event outcomes. This study examines the role of firms' social media engagement initiatives surrounding customers' experiential interaction events in influencing the sentiment of customers' digital engagement. Results indicate that marketers can influence the sentiment of customers' digital engagement beyond their performance during customers' interactions, and for unfavorable event outcomes, informational marketer generated content, more so than emotional content, can enhance customer sentiment. This study also highlights sentiment's role as a leading indicator for customer lifetime value.
A method for coating a running track of a Trochoidengehause of a rotary piston engine and Trochoidengehause with coated career
Year: 2012

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Laufbahn (2) eines Trochoidengehauses (1) eines Kreiskolbenmotors, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Laufbahn (2) eine umlaufende Ausnehmung (5) eingebracht wird, welche an mindestens einem Ubergangsbereich zu einer Seitenflache (3) des Trochoidengehauses (1) von einem Steg (6) begrenzt wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Trochoidengehause (1) mit beschichteter Laufbahn (2)
Hormonal and neuromuscular responses during a singles match in male professional tennis players
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2018

We sought to measure the response of cortisol concentrations around a professional tennis match and its association with hydration status and neuromuscular performance. Nine professional male tennis players were tested in a rest day, and 2 week after, during the first match of a professional tournament played in a clay court. Salivary concentrations of cortisol (SalCC) were measured in a resting day (9:00 am and 8:00 pm) at the match day (9:00 am and 8:00 pm) and immediately before and after the match. Hydration status was assessed before the match (urine specific gravity; USG) while fluid turnover was tracked during the match. Finally, counter movement jump (CMJ) and handgrip isometric strength (HS) were measured before and after the match. SalCC, either in the morning (P 0.161) and afternoon (P 0.683) was similar in rest and match days. However, SalCC increased after the match (P 0.033) Participants started the match hypohydrated (USG 1.026+ 0.002) and during the match lost 1.0+ 0.3% of body weight despite 1.035+ 0.124 L/h of fluid ingested. CMJ and HS did not change post match (P 0.210 and P 0.881, respectively) Correlations between the elevations in SalCC and dehydration BW loss) during the match were significant (r 0.632; P 0.034) Professional male tennis players did not show an anticipatory increase in SalCC the day of the match and neither signs of neuromuscular fatigue after it. During the match, the mild dehydration (i.e. <1.5% was associated with the increases in cortisol levels which suggests that dehydration may be an added stress to be considered.
SMEs can touch Industry 4.0 in the Smart Learning Factory
Year: 2019

This paper describes how a Smart Learning Factory enables manufacturing SMEs of capturing the benefits of highly complex tools and enablers such as virtual simulation and the Digital Twin. The collaborative factory design approach is enabled by embedding the use of discrete event simulation connected with physical objects placed on a Digital Twin Module (DTM) The users can manipulate the physical objects as physical counterparts to the machines and equipment in the virtual space and visualize the designed factory and make further analysis. The method combines the use of dynamic discrete event simulation seamlessly connected with physical objects placed on the DTM to enable collaborative design. The bridging between simulation and physical objects is done by using a digital integration platform. Using physical artifacts as counterparts of the virtual objects in the simulation, participants confidently interact with the simulation regardless level of skills and competencies. The Smart Learning Factory is helping SMEs to get inspired using physical and virtual simulations for factory design and re design, and develop solutions in a collaborative environment. This is in line with the theory of lean automation, that suggests making simple and cheap automation and automating the correct value adding processes. A demonstration case of designing a production setup in cooperation with a SME is developed and documented.
Managing Traditions: A Critical Capability for Family Business Success
Year: 2020

Our purpose in this editorial is to draw attention to the powerful but undertheorized role played by traditions in family businesses. Our core argument is that traditions are the foundational element of successful family businesses. As we elaborate here, we believe that family business success and longevity are directly correlated with the capacity to successfully manage the creation, maintenance, and intergenerational transmission of traditions. Because of their unique nature, family business tensions are often intergenerational in character and, thus, rest on the family business's capacity to integrate past, present, and future. We examine two key family business tensions in this editorial. The first is the tension between the need to maintain the business or innovate. De Massis et al. (2016) refer to this tension as the "innovation paradox," but for reasons that will become obvious later, we refer to it as the Theseus paradox, a classic thought experiment from ancient Greek philosophy premised on the mythological hero best known for killing the Minotaur. The second is the tension between the need to honor the founder's vision of the firm or adapt to the vision of the children. While this tension is commonly labelled as an issue of succession, we view the tension as broader and deeper than mere succession and term this tension the Oedipus paradox, a reference to another character of Greek myth who, in his efforts to save his city, unwittingly kills his father. While the two paradoxes derive from broader tensions of continuity versus change, they differ in that the first is premised on theories of path dependence and the second is premised on theories of imprinting. Traditions are the primary mechanism by which these tensions are navigated in family businesses. While research has acknowledged traditions as a distinguishing characteristic of family businesses (Lumpkin et al. 2008) the construct of traditions is only weakly theorized. In the absence of a strong theoretical frame, however, the empirical evidence of the role played by traditions in navigating these essential tensions of the family business remains unclear. We initiate the process of theorizing traditions in this editorial. We begin by describing how the hybrid structure of traditions as both structure (what gets transmitted across generations) and agency (the process of transmission) creates the opportunity to view traditions both as essentialist constructs that endure through time and as subjective constructs that are constantly being reinterpreted in an ever moving present. We then introduce the literature on rhetorical history that provides a framework explaining how the process of reinterpreting the past to manage the present actually occurs. Finally, we use this emergent theoretical framework to explain how traditions are used to resolve the Theseus paradox and the Oedipus paradox in family businesses.
Kidney segmentation in neck to knee body MRI of 40,000 UK Biobank participants
Venue: Scientific reports
Year: 2020

The UK Biobank is collecting extensive data on health related characteristics of over half a million volunteers. The biological samples of blood and urine can provide valuable insight on kidney function, with important links to cardiovascular and metabolic health. Further information on kidney anatomy could be obtained by medical imaging. In contrast to the brain, heart, liver, and pancreas, no dedicated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is planned for the kidneys. An image based assessment is nonetheless feasible in the neck to knee body MRI intended for abdominal body composition analysis, which also covers the kidneys. In this work, a pipeline for automated segmentation of parenchymal kidney volume in UK Biobank neck to knee body MRI is proposed. The underlying neural network reaches a relative error of 3.8% with Dice score 0.956 in validation on 64 subjects, close to the 2.6% and Dice score 0.962 for repeated segmentation by one human operator. The released MRI of about 40,000 subjects can be processed within one day, yielding volume measurements of left and right kidney. Algorithmic quality ratings enabled the exclusion of outliers and potential failure cases. The resulting measurements can be studied and shared for large scale investigation of associations and longitudinal changes in parenchymal kidney volume.
Review of Mark Honigsbaum (2020) The Pandemic Century A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid 19
Venue: Postdigital Science and Education
Year: 2020

A dominant narrative of the 2020 Covid 19 pandemic has been that governments and institutions have been 'guided by the science' when making decisions to lockdown countries and regions and then subsequently lift restrictions and return to 'business' as usual. The singular 'science' has been used rhetorically to justify such decisions. Mark Honigsbaum's The Pandemic Century A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid 19 (2020) is written as an archaeology of pandemic knowledge from the past 100 years. Honigsbaum's detailed exploration shows that there is anything but one, stable, quantified truth to be found during a pandemic aka 'the science' The archaeological 'dig' of ten pandemics from the last century, unearthing the complex interplay between the natural and the social, could quite conceivably reference Foucault and The Archaeology of Knowledge (Foucault 2002) as a methodological framework. Another of Foucault's works, The Order of Things (Foucault 2007) is also relevant with its focus on biology, economics and linguistics (life, labour and language) In detailing such complexities which involve myriad disruptions of ecological equilibriums with new ways of living and technologies, the 'science' then becomes a reified rhetoric (Lukacs 1990) Lukacs' theory of reification mechanically objectifies commodity structure in capitalism, described by Lukacs as a 'phantom objectivity' The ten cases detailed in The Pandemic Century (Honigsbaum 2020) show that in each pandemic, there is never one truth to be found but a complex interplay between in Postdigital Science and Education https:/doi.org/10.1007/s42438 020 00170 z
Research on the Plantar Pressure Distribution of Female College Students with Different Gaits of Walking and Jogging
Year: 2015

By means and methods of sport biomechanics,this study applies Measurement System for Dynamic Foot Pressure to test the maximum value of plantar pressure of female college students with normal gait,out toeing gait,in toeing gait of walking and jogging,explores the movement characteristics of the two malformed gaits and normal gait.It shows that the testees of outtoeing gait and in toeing gait of walking and jogging have greater crest value of calcaneus pressure than testees of normal gait,and it has a statistical significance;when walking with out toeing gait and in toeing gait,forefoot pressure is lower than calcaneus pressure and this is harmful to walking stability;when jogging with out toeing gait and in toeing gait,first and second metatarsal bones pressures are larger than normal gait and the difference has a statistical significance.
Congenital melanocytic nevi.
Venue: Current opinion in pediatrics
Year: 2020

To update pediatric providers on new developments in our understanding of the clinical presentation, genetics, and systemic risks associated with congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) RECENT FINDINGS CMN are primarily caused by sporadic postzygotic somatic mutations, most frequently in NRAS, and studies of the genetic underpinnings of CMN have demonstrated a diverse array of genetic drivers. The primary complications of large and giant CMN include neurocutaneous melanocytosis and malignant melanoma. Abnormalities in CNS MRI may predict a worse clinical course for patients and increased risk of melanoma. Targeted therapies of the MEK pathway have begun to be studied for the treatment of CMN and prevention of associated complications.  Patients with large and giant CMN should be managed by an interdisciplinary care team for the monitoring of dermatologic, neurologic, and psychosocial concerns. Ongoing research is underway to better characterize the genetic drivers of CMN and to better guide development of targeted therapeutics.
Characterizations of SARS CoV 2 mutational profile, spike protein stability and viral transmission
Venue: Infection, Genetics and Evolution
Year: 2020

The recent pandemic of SARS CoV 2 infection has affected more than 3.0 million people worldwide with more than 200 thousand reported deaths. The SARS CoV 2 genome has the capability of gaining rapid mutations as the virus spreads. Whole genome sequencing data offers a wide range of opportunities to study mutation dynamics. The advantage of an increasing amount of whole genome sequence data of SARS CoV 2 intrigued us to explore the mutation profile across the genome, to check the genome diversity, and to investigate the implications of those mutations in protein stability and viral transmission. We have identified frequently mutated residues by aligning ~660 SARS CoV 2 genomes and validated in 10,000 datasets available in GISAID Nextstrain. We further evaluated the potential of these frequently mutated residues in protein structure stability of spike glycoprotein and their possible functional consequences in other proteins. Among the 11 genes, surface glycoprotein, nucleocapsid, ORF1ab, and ORF8 showed frequent mutations, while envelop, membrane, ORF6, ORF7a and ORF7b showed conservation in terms of amino acid substitutions. Combined analysis with the frequently mutated residues identified 20 viral variants, among which 12 specific combinations comprised more than 97% of the isolates considered for the analysis. Some of the mutations across different proteins showed co occurrences, suggesting their structural and/or functional interaction among different SARS COV 2 proteins, and their involvement in adaptability and viral transmission. Analysis of protein structure stability of surface glycoprotein mutants indicated the viability of specific variants and are more prone to be temporally and spatially distributed across the globe. A similar empirical analysis of other proteins indicated the existence of important functional implications of several variants. Identification of frequently mutated variants among COVID 19 patients might be useful for better clinical management, contact tracing, and containment of the disease.
OpenTag: Open Attribute Value Extraction from Product Profiles
Venue: KDD
Year: 2018

Extraction of missing attribute values is to find values describing an attribute of interest from a free text input. Most past related work on extraction of missing attribute values work with a closed world assumption with the possible set of values known beforehand, or use dictionaries of values and hand crafted features. How can we discover new attribute values that we have never seen before? Can we do this with limited human annotation or supervision? We study this problem in the context of product catalogs that often have missing values for many attributes of interest. In this work, we leverage product profile information such as titles and descriptions to discover missing values of product attributes. We develop a novel deep tagging model OpenTag for this extraction problem with the following contributions: (1) we formalize the problem as a sequence tagging task, and propose a joint model exploiting recurrent neural networks (specifically, bidirectional LSTM) to capture context and semantics, and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to enforce tagging consistency; (2) we develop a novel attention mechanism to provide interpretable explanation for our model's decisions; (3) we propose a novel sampling strategy exploring active learning to reduce the burden of human annotation. OpenTag does not use any dictionary or hand crafted features as in prior works. Extensive experiments in real life datasets in different domains show that OpenTag with our active learning strategy discovers new attribute values from as few as 150 annotated samples (reduction in 3.3x amount of annotation effort) with a high F score of 83% outperforming state of the art models.