nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Spatial Resolution and Noise Sensitivity of sLORETA Method for EEG Source Localization Using Low Density Headsets
Year: 2014

Electroencephalography (EEG) has enjoyed considerable attention over the past century and has been applied for diagnosis of epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and other disorders where 3D localization of electrical activity in the brain is potentially of great diagnostic value. In this study we evaluate the precision and accuracy of spatial localization of electrical activity in the brain delivered by a popular reconstruction technique sLORETA applied to EEG data collected by two commonly used low density headsets with 14 and 19 measurement channels, respectively. Numerical experiments were performed for a realistic head model obtained by segmentation of MRI images. The EEG source localization study was conducted with a simulated single active dipole, as well as with two spatially separated simultaneously active dipoles, as a function of dipole positions across the neocortex, with several different noise levels in the EEG signals registered on the scalp. The results indicate that while the reconstruction accuracy and precision of the sLORETA method are consistently high in the case of a single active dipole, even with the low density EEG configurations considered in the present study, successful localization is much more problematic in the case of two simultaneously active dipoles. The quantitative analysis of the width of the reconstructed distributions of the electrical activity allows us to specify the lower bound for the spatial resolution of the sLORETA based 3D source localization in the considered cases.
Discussion on the Application of the Concept of Environmental Protection and Energy Saving in the Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage
Year: 2020

With the current, our country social economy rapid development, people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved, at the same time, it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value, many fields in our country environmental protection and energy saving concept can be seen in the application, especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely, to protect the environment, to maximize the use of limited resources, how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction, above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field, this paper based on environmental protection and energy saving concept, discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design, for your reference.
The Effects of Training in the Learning Strategies of Writing in Improving Students' Use of the Strategies: A Study on Hawassa University Students
Year: 2014

Article History The paper received on: 17/04/2014 Accepted after peer review on: 09/08/2014  This research was intended to examine the effects of training in the metacognitive, affective and social learning strategies of writing in improving students' use of each of these learning strategies of writing. To this end, the selected freshman program students of Hawassa University were taught lessons of the Basic Writing Skills course with training in each of the three groups of the learning strategies of writing. Data were collected mainly through a pre and post training five point Likert Scale questionnaire. Paired Samples T Test computed to compare the pre and post training mean scores of the students with regard to using each of the three groups of the learning strategies of writing demonstrated that the training significantly improved the students' use of each of the three groups of the learning strategies of writing (t values 10.72, p values .000) Moreover, the results of the interview revealed that the students thought that the training made them learn the importance of the strategies to improve their writing skills and thus they continued to employ the strategies appropriately in and outside class to help them successfully accomplish their writing tasks. Based on the findings, recommendations have been made.
Progress in fish gastrointestinal microbiota research
Year: 2018

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of vertebrates plays critical roles in nutrition, development, immunity and resistance against invasive pathogens. In the past decade, research of the GI microbiota of mammals has drastically increased our knowledge on the microbiota and their relationship with health and disease. However, our understanding of fish intestinal microbiota is limited. This review provides an overview of research on fish gut microbiota, including microbial composition, formation, factors that affect the GI microbes and characteristics of fish intestinal microbiota compared with human and mice. Further, the updated research on gnotobiotic zebrafish is elaborated and the insights gained on functions of the fish intestinal microbiota are discussed. Understanding the intestinal microbiota of fish will guide the development of probiotics, prebiotics and hopefully probiotic effectors as novel additives to improve the health of fish.
Examining the Conceptual Understandings of Geoscience Concepts of Students with Visual Impairments: Implications of 3 D Printing
Year: 2017

ii Dedication v Acknowledgments. vi Vita viii List of Tables xiii List of Figures xiv Chapter 1:  1 Purpose of the Study 6 Rationale for the Study 7   Definition of Terms 11 Chapter 2: Literature  Theoretical Framework 15 Changing Mental Models 18 x Constructing Mental Models 19 Misconceptions 20 Mental Models in the Geosciences. 22 Flawed Mental Models 23 Mental Model Building Process 24 Student Drawings 25 Misconceptions in the Geosciences. 26 Militating Against Misconceptions 29 Using Student Drawings 30 Refutation and Cognitive Conflict 31 Use of Analogies and Metaphors 32 Use of Computer Based Instruction. 32 Other Promising Instructional Practices 33 Implications for Classroom Practice 34 Classroom Talk 36 Science Education for Students with Visual Impairments 38 Historical Perspective 39 Visualizing Without Vision 43 Inquiry Based Instruction 46 Tactile Graphics 48 3 D Printing 50   Participants 55 Students 55 The Researchers 58 Setting. 58 School Setting 58 Classroom Setting 59
Smallholder Farms and the Potential for Sustainable Intensification
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.
Year: 2016

The sustainable intensification of African agriculture is gaining momentum with the compelling need to increase food and agricultural production. In Southern Africa, smallholder farming systems are predominately maize based and subject to erratic climatic conditions. Farmer crop and soil management decisions are influenced by a plethora of complex factors such as market access resource availability, social relations, environment, and various messages on sustainable farming practices. Such factors pose barriers to increasing sustainable intensification in Africa. This paper characterizes smallholder farming practices in Central Malawi, at Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) project sites. We present findings from a survey of 324 farmers, located within four Africa RISING sites selected in a stratified random manner to represent (1) low agricultural potential (high evapotranspiration, variable rainfall) (2) medium agricultural potential (two sites) and (3) high agricultural potential (well distributed rainfall) Soil fertility was low overall, and certain farming practices appeared to limit the sustainability of agricultural production. Nearly half of farmers did not value legume residues as a high nutrient value resource for soil amelioration, as legume residues were removed (17.9% or burned (21.4% Conversely, maize residues were rarely removed (4.5% or burned (10.4% We found that farmers do not allocate soil amendment resources to legume fields (zero instances of mineral fertilizer or manure application to legumes compared to 88 and 22% of maize systems, respectively) Policy makers in Malawi have led initiatives to intensify agricultural systems through subsidizing farmer access to mineral fertilizer as well as maize hybrid seed, and only rarely to improved legume seed. In this survey, farmers allocate mineral fertilizer to maize systems and not legume systems. There is urgent need to invest in education on sustainable reinvestment in natural resources through complementary practices, such as maximization of biological nitrogen fixation through improved legume agronomy and better organic resource and crop residue management. Recent efforts by Malawi agricultural services to promote doubled up legumes as a sustainable intensification technology are encouraging, but benefits will not accrue unless equal attention is given to an extension campaign on management of organic resources such as crop residues.
Scale Correct Monocular Visual Odometry Using a LiDAR Altimeter
Venue: 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Year: 2018

The inherent scale ambiguity in monocular vision is a well known issue that forces the integration of other sensory sources to obtain metric references. However, 2D or 3D LiDARs and RGB D sensors, while guaranteeing metrological accuracy, impose a non negligible burden both in terms of computational load and power requirements limiting the feasibility of being implemented on small exploration vehicles. This paper presents a scale aware monocular Visual Odometry framework that fuses range data from a laser altimeter in order to recover and maintain a correct metric scale. The proposed Visual Odometry method consists of a keyframe based tracking and mapping algorithm using optical flow where range data serves as a scale constraint on a keyframe to keyframe basis. An optimization backend based on iSAM2 is employed in order to refine the trajectory and map estimates eliminating the scale drift without the need of performing loop closures. We demonstrate that our algorithm can obtain very similar performances to state of the art stereo visual SLAM and RGB D methods.
VII The Summons to Hell
Year: 2007

A F T E R T H E AMBIGUITIES in Tamburlaine, the moral of Doctor Faustus seems painfully clear: "Regard his hellish fall" (Epi.4: 2005) But even here, Marlowe's use of the medieval convention is col ored by his time; Faustus falls prey not only to the devil or to his o w n self conceit but also to a distinctly post Reformation despair. A n d the nature of that despair m a y be as ambiguous as Tamburlaine's presumption. T o view all of Marlowe's flawed protagonists as Renaissance "overreachers," m e n whose aspiring minds are to be admired even as their h u m a n limitations defeat them, m a y be valid, but Faustus's reach so far exceeds his grasp that even his aspirations seem equivocal. A s I have shown elsewhere, he is not only a bad Chris tian but a bad scholar; he is more concerned with publishable information than with widsom, seldom fulfills his heroic boasts, and allows himself to be fobbed off with empty spectacle and prac tical jokes w h e n he should be delving into questions about the nature of the universe the reason, after all, that he gave for selling his soul in the first place. Even his celebrated paean to Helen is an exercise in self deceit; having earlier explained that all such apparitions are "but shadows, not substantial" (xii.55: 1259) he surely knows that the answer to his famous question, " W a s this the face that launch'd a thousand ships?" (xviii.99: 1768) is very simply " N o "
What future for zirconia as a biomaterial?
Venue: Biomaterials
Year: 2006

The failure events of Prozyr femoral heads in 2001 2002 have opened a strong, controversial issue on the future of zirconia as a biomaterial. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the current knowledge on ageing process and on its effect on the long term performance of implants in order to distinguish between scientific facts and speculation. Current state of the art shows the strong variability of zirconia to in vivo degradation, as a consequence of the strong influence of processing on ageing process. As different zirconia from different vendors have different process related microstructure, there is a need to assess their ageing sensitivity with advanced and accurate techniques, and ISO standards should be modified, especially to gain confidence from clinicians. There is a trend today to develop alumina zirconia composites as an alternative to monolithic alumina and zirconia: the issue of ageing is also discussed for these composites.
Potentiometrie and pH based electronic method for dilution detection in milk
Venue: 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
Year: 2017

Milk is a whitish, very healthy and dietetic semi liquid formed by the milk secreting glands of mammals. Analysis of milk plays a very important role to determine the quality of milk for wider consumer community in the world. There is a need of cost effective solutions and consumer friendly features to impact the decision making process of milk quality. This research problem contributes new and important knowledge to the milk consumer, producers and small scale dairies. This paper describes the behavior of the milk pH with the dilution process of various pH of water with different temperatures. The variation of pH in the measurement indicates the amount of water added in the milk and weight and level measurement in turn calculates the density. The variation of density indicates presence of solid or liquid adulterants. If both pH and density values are matched with set of standard values it is considered for different grading and consumption. The standard pH probes are used to measure the pH of milk in terms of electronic quantity without using chemical test. There were 20 experiments are conducted separately for each different proportionate pH water dilutions with different temperature with different days. Then statistical averages of all the experiments were taken. These experiments results shows, for every 5% of dilution (addition of pure water) in milk changes the electrode potential by approximately 1mV and which interns varies the pH value by approximately 0.005 to 0.006. The conducted experimental results have been shown to out perform other existing analysis processes in terms of cost effective and accuracy.
Il Capitale Monopolistico Di Baran E Sweezy E La Teoria Marxiana Del Valore (The Monopolistic Capital of Baran and Sweezy and the Marxian Theory of Value)
Year: 2015

The text is the transcript of a lecture given on 12 May 1973 by Claudio Napoleoni, as part of a course on Economic and financial policy at the University of Turin. The lecture, edited by Riccardo Bellofiore, concerns Baran and Sweezy's Monopoly Capital and its relation to Marx's theory of value.
Editorial: The governance of adaptation to climate change as a multi level, multi sector and multi actor challenge: a European comparative perspective
Year: 2015

There is increasing recognition of the need for society to adapt to the impacts of climate change, especially in the water sector. Adaptation to climatic impacts involves both infrastructural adjustments, such as reinforcing dykes or creating water storage capacity, and broader processes of societal change, such as adjusting land use planning, more efficient water use or agricultural transitions. Because of the many uncertainties surrounding climate change issues, actors are facing the challenge of developing and implementing adjustments and transitions, and of increasing the adaptive capacity of society to deal with unexpected future changes. Although climate 'mitigation' has traditionally received the bulk of European media and policy attention; since, a number of years, many European countries have been developing national adaptation strategies and concrete climate change adaptation policies to cope with the impacts of climate change (Biesbroek et al. 2010) More recently, the European Union has launched its strategy package on adaptation to climate change in April 2013. Different countries have taken different inroads into governing this relatively new policy issue over the past decade, so it seems timely and relevant to take stock and to assess what can be learned from comparing the different ways in which EU countries have approached the governance of adaptation to climate change. The aim of this special issue is not to 'assess' the current state of play for adaptation strategies and policies in Europe (e.g. by evaluating policies in terms of progress or outcomes) This has been addressed in other studies (Biesbroek et al. 2010; European Environment Agency 2014; Massey et al. 2014) and this special issue has a different ambition. Our interest is in the many facets of the governance of climate change adaptation, referring to the interactions and arrangements between public and/or private actors that are aimed at purposefully steering
Robust block magnetism in the spin ladder compound BaFe2Se3 under hydrostatic pressure
Year: 2019

Author(s) Wu, S; Yin, J; Smart, T; Acharya, A;  Forrest, TR; Simutis, G; Khasanov, R; Lewin, SK; Wang, M; Frandsen, BA; Jeanloz, R; Birgeneau, RJ Abstract: (c) 2019 American Physical Society. The majority of the iron based superconductors (FeSCs) exhibit a two dimensional square lattice structure. Recent reports of pressure induced superconductivity in the spin ladder system, BaFe2X3(X=S, Se) introduce a quasi one dimensional prototype and an insulating parent compound to the FeSCs. Here we report x ray, neutron diffraction, and muon spin relaxation experiments on BaFe2Se3 under hydrostatic pressure to investigate its magnetic and structural properties across the pressure temperature phase diagram. A structural phase transition was found at a pressure of 3.7(3) GPa. Neutron diffraction measurements at 6.8(3) GPa and 120 K show that the block magnetism persists even at these high pressures. A steady increase and then fast drop of the magnetic transition temperature TN and greatly reduced moment above the pressure Ps indicate potentially rich and competing phases close to the superconducting phase in this ladder system.
Toward Tertiary Amine Modulated Acid Triggered Hydrolysis of Copolymers Containing Pendent Ortho Ester Groups
Year: 2013

We describe an efficient approach to modulate the hydrolysis of the ortho ester containing polymers by incorporating different amount of tertiary amino (TA) groups. The block copolymers (NE0 NE3) contain a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment and hydrophobic chains constituted by random methacrylate copolymers with pendent acid labile cyclic ortho ester and TA groups and were synthesized by a two step approach. First, atom transfer radical copolymerization of 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2 (diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate using mPEG45 Br as a macroinitiator afforded the block copolymer precursors. Then, reaction of the precursors with 2 ethylidene 4 methyl 1,3 dioxolane transformed the pendent hydroxyl groups into cyclic ortho ester groups. The hydrophobic chains are similar in degree of polymerization, but the percent molar content of TA increases from 0% for NE0 to ~15% for NE3. In phosphate buffer at pH 8.4, all the four amphiphilic block copolymers can self assemble into stable nanoparti.
Emotion recognition based on human gesture and speech information using RT middleware
Venue: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ IEEE 2011)
Year: 2011

A bi modal emotion recognition approach is proposed for recognition of four emotions that integrate information from gestures and speech. The outputs from two uni modal emotion recognition systems based on affective speech and expressive gesture are fused on a decision level fusion by using weight criterion fusion and best probability plus majority vote fusion methods, and the performance of classifier which performs better than each uni modal and is helpful in recognizing suitable emotions for communication situations. To validate the proposal, fifty Japanese words (or phrases) and 8 types of gestures that are recorded from five participants are used, and the emotion recognition rate increases up to 85.39% The proposal is able to extent to using more than other modalities and useful in automatic emotion recognition system for human robot communication.
The effect of language proficiency on executive functions in balanced and unbalanced Spanish English bilinguals
Year: 2016

This study analyzed the association between levels of language proficiency and levels of bilingualism and performance on verbal and nonverbal executive functions (working memory, updating, shifting, and inhibition tasks) in young bilinguals. Forty balanced (high and low proficiency) 34 unbalanced bilinguals, and 40 English monolinguals, were selected. The Bilingual Verbal Ability Test was used as a measure of language proficiency; WAIS Block design test was used as a measure of non verbal intelligence. High proficiency balanced bilinguals performed better than low proficiency balanced bilinguals; unbalanced bilinguals scored in between both balanced groups. High proficiency monolinguals scored higher than low proficiency monolinguals and similar to high proficiency bilinguals. Regression analyses demonstrated that nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted performances on verbal working memory and verbal and nonverbal inhibition tasks. It was concluded that nonverbal intelligence scores are better predictors of executive function performance than bilingualism or language proficiency.
Social media, customer engagement and advocacy
Venue: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
Year: 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how social media facilitates the process of customer engagement in quick service restaurants (QSRs) Customers characterized as transactional customers, loyal customers, delighted customers or fans, based on the degree of relational exchange and emotional bonds, are expected to vary in their propensity to engage in advocacy and co create value. linking the antecedents of customer engagement to advocacy are empirically investigated with data from the Twitter social media network for the top 50 US QSRs. Multiple regression analysis is carried out with proxies for advocacy as the dependent variable and connection effort, interaction effort, satisfaction, retention effort, calculative commitment and affective commitment as independent variables. results indicate that retention effort and calculative commitment of customers are the most important factors influencing advocacy. Efforts to retain customers using social media communication increase advocacy. Greater calculative commitment also increases advocacy. Affective commitment mediates the relationship between calculative commitment and advocacy.Practical implicationsFostering retention and calculative commitment by using social media communication engenders loyalty and customers become advocates. Calculative commitment fosters affective commitment, turning customers into fans who are delighted as well as loyal, enhancing advocacy.valueThis study uniquely investigates the relationship between the antecedents of customer engagement and advocacy. It develops the theory and conducts an empirical analysis with actual social media network data for a specific industry where usage of the network is widely prevalent. It confirms that calculative commitment influences advocacy. Calculative commitment not only has a direct effect but also has an indirect effect through affective commitment on advocacy in the QSR context. Further, social media efforts by QSRs to retain customers encourage advocacy. Other customer engagement antecedents do not directly influence advocacy.