nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine During the COVID 19 Pandemic: Experiences From Western China
Venue: Journal of medical Internet research
Year: 2020

Disasters and pandemics pose unique challenges to health care delivery. As health care resources continue to be stretched due to the increasing burden of the coronavirus disease (COVID 19) pandemic, telemedicine, including tele education, may be an effective way to rationally allocate medical resources. During the COVID 19 pandemic, a multimodal telemedicine network in Sichuan Province in Western China was activated immediately after the first outbreak in January 2020. The network synergizes a newly established 5G service, a smartphone app, and an existing telemedicine system. Telemedicine was demonstrated to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in Western China, and allowed for significant improvements in health care outcomes. The success of telemedicine here may be a useful reference for other parts of the world.
MBE Growth and Photoluminescence characterization of InGaAsSb quantum well
Year: 2011

The growth and chracterization of InGaAsSb quantum well structrure were conducted by moleculer beam epitaxy(MBE) and photoluminescence(PL).We studied the issues on the relation between the quality of InGaAsSb quantum well material and substrate temperature,well thickness.It is found that the material quality depends on the substrate temperature,and PL wavelength of material increases with the increasement of InGaAsSb quantum well thickness.
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer
Venue: The Lancet
Year: 2007

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and knowledge regarding its cause and pathogenesis is expanding rapidly. Persistent infection with one of about 15 genotypes of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) causes almost all cases. There are four major steps in cervical cancer development: infection of metaplastic epithelium at the cervical transformation zone, viral persistence, progression of persistently infected epithelium to cervical precancer, and invasion through the basement membrane of the epithelium. Infection is extremely common in young women in their first decade of sexual activity. Persistent infections and precancer are established, typically within 5 10 years, from less than 10% of new infections. Invasive cancer arises over many years, even decades, in a minority of women with precancer, with a peak or plateau in risk at about 35 55 years of age. Each genotype of HPV acts as an independent infection, with differing carcinogenic risks linked to evolutionary species. Our understanding has led to improved prevention and clinical management strategies, including improved screening tests and vaccines. The new HPV oriented model of cervical carcinogenesis should gradually replace older morphological models based only on cytology and histology. If applied wisely, HPV related technology can minimise the incidence of cervical cancer, and the morbidity and mortality it causes, even in low resource settings.
Recalibrating global data center energy use estimates
Venue: Science
Year: 2020

Growth in energy use has slowed owing to efficiency gains that smart policies can help maintain in the near term Data centers represent the information backbone of an increasingly digitalized world. Demand for their services has been rising rapidly (1) and data intensive technologies such as artificial intelligence, smart and connected energy systems, distributed manufacturing systems, and autonomous vehicles promise to increase demand further (2) Given that data centers are energy intensive enterprises, estimated to account for around 1% of worldwide electricity use, these trends have clear implications for global energy demand and must be analyzed rigorously. Several oft cited yet simplistic analyses claim that the energy used by the world's data centers has doubled over the past decade and that their energy use will triple or even quadruple within the next decade (3 5) Such estimates contribute to a conventional wisdom (5, 6) that as demand for data center services rises rapidly, so too must their global energy use. But such extrapolations based on recent service demand growth indicators overlook strong countervailing energy efficiency trends that have occurred in parallel (see the first figure) Here, we integrate new data from different sources that have emerged recently and suggest more modest growth in global data center energy use (see the second figure) This provides policy makers and energy analysts a recalibrated understanding of global data center energy use, its drivers, and near term efficiency potential.
Developmental Tasks as a Framework to Study Personality Development in Adulthood and Old Age
Year: 2014

Research consistently shows that personality development is a lifelong phenomenon, with mean level and rank order changes occurring in all life phases. What happens during specific life phases that can explain these developmental patterns? In the present paper, we review literature linking personality development in different phases of adulthood to developmental tasks associated with these phases. Building on previous work, we describe several categories of developmental tasks that are present in all phases of adulthood. However, the specific tasks within these categories change across adulthood from establishing new social roles in early adulthood to maintaining them in middle adulthood and preventing losses in old age. This trajectory is reflected in mean level changes in personality, which indicates development towards greater maturity (increases in social dominance, conscientiousness, and emotional stability) in early and middle adulthood, but less so at the end of life. Importantly, developmental tasks are not only associated with mean level changes, but the way in which people deal with these tasks is also related to rank order changes in personality. We provide an outlook for future research on how the influence of historical time on the normativeness of developmental tasks might be reflected in personality development.
Scaleable multi format QCW pump stacks based on 200W laser diode bars and mini bars at 808nm and 940nm
Venue: LASE
Year: 2011

Advanced solid state laser architectures place increasingly demanding requirements on high brightness, low cost QCW laser diode pump sources, with custom apertures both for side and end rod pumping configurations. To meet this need, a new series of scaleable pump sources at 808nm and 940nm was developed. The stacks, available in multiple output formats, allow for custom aperture filling by varying both the length and quantity of stacked laser bars. For these products, we developed next generation laser bars based on improved epitaxial wafer designs delivering power densities of 20W/mm of emission aperture. With >200W of peak QCW power available from a full length 1cm bar, we have demonstrated power scaling to over 2kW in 10 bar stacks with 55% wall plug efficiency. We also present the design and performance of several stack configurations using full length and reduced length (mini) bars that demonstrate the versatility of both the bar and packaging designs. We illustrate how the ROBUST HEAD packaging technology developed at SCD is capable of accommodating variable bar length, pitch and quantity for custom rod pumping geometries. The excellent all around performance of the stacks is supported by reliability data in line with the previously reported 20 Gshot space grade qualification of SCD's stacks.
Recent applications of immobilized biomaterials in herbal analysis.
Venue: Journal of chromatography. A
Year: 2019

Immobilization of biomaterials developed rapidly due to the great promise in improving their stability, activity and even selectivity. In this review, the immobilization strategies of biomaterials, including physical adsorption, encapsulation, covalent attachment, cross linking and affinity linkage, were briefly introduced. Then, the major emphasis was focused on the reported various types of immobilized biomaterials, including proteins, enzymes, cell membrane and artificial membrane, living cells, carbohydrates and bacteria, used in the herbal analysis for bioactive compound screening, drug target interaction evaluation and chiral separation. In addition, a series of carrier materials applied in biomaterials immobilization, such as magnetic nanoparticles, metal organic frameworks, silica capillary column, cellulose filter paper, cell membrane chromatography, immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and hollow fiber, were also discussed. Perspectives on further applications of immobilized biomaterials in herbal analysis were finally presented.
Aspectos profesionales y tecnicos de la traduccion audiovisual, con especial referencia al caso de Espana
Year: 2017

La traduccion audiovisual (TAV) empieza a ver reconocida su importancia como parcela importante del mundo de la traduccion, y las investigaciones, la docencia y formacion en la materia, y la difusion que se estan llevando a cabo asi lo atestiguan. Las investigaciones se han centrado hasta el momento principalmente en los aspectos teoricos de los modos de TAV o en los analisis comparativos de corpus audiovisuales atendiendo principalmente a criterios linguisticos o textuales, dejando de lado (sobre todo en el caso de Espana) el analisis de los aspectos profesionales y tecnicos que forman parte del proceso comunicativo e inciden en el mismo. Ofrecemos un analisis de estos aspectos, enmarcado en la situacion general de la TAV en Espana, apuntando las implicaciones de los distintos agentes que intervienen en el proceso.
Single Sentence Compression Using SVM
Year: 2019

Presenting a sentence in less number of words compared to its original one without changing the meaning is known as sentence compression. Most recent works on sentence compression models define the problem as an integer linear programming problem and solve it using an external ILP solver which suffers from slow running time. In this paper, we have presented a machine learning approach to single sentence compression. The sentence compression task is modeled as a two class classification problem and used support vector machine to solve the problem. Different learning models are created using different types of kernel functions. Finally, it has been observed that RBF kernel gives good result compared to other kernel functions for this compression task of single sentence.
Rapid measurement of auditory filter shape in mice using the auditory brainstem response and notched noise
Venue: Hearing Research
Year: 2013

The notched noise method is an effective procedure for measuring frequency resolution and auditory filter shapes in both human and animal models of hearing. Briefly, auditory filter shape and bandwidth estimates are derived from masked thresholds for tones presented in noise containing widening spectral notches. As the spectral notch widens, increasingly less of the noise falls within the auditory filter and the tone becomes more detectible until the notch width exceeds the filter bandwidth. Behavioral procedures have been used for the derivation of notched noise auditory filter shapes in mice; however, the time and effort needed to train and test animals on these tasks renders a constraint on the widespread application of this testing method. As an alternative procedure, we combined relatively non invasive auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements and the notched noise method to estimate auditory filters in normal hearing mice at center frequencies of 8, 11.2, and 16 kHz. A complete set of simultaneous masked thresholds for a particular tone frequency were obtained in about an hour. ABR derived filter bandwidths broadened with increasing frequency, consistent with previous studies. The ABR notched noise procedure provides a fast alternative to estimating frequency selectivity in mice that is well suited to high through put or time sensitive screening.
COVID 19 and Arabic Twitter: How can Arab World Governments and Public Health Organizations Learn from Social Media?
Venue: NLPCOVID19
Year: 2020

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the COVID 19 outbreak as a pandemic. Most previous social media related research has been on English tweets and COVID 19. In this study, we collect approximately 1 million Arabic tweets from the Twitter streaming API related to COVID 19. Focussing on outcomes that we believe will be useful for Public Health Organizations, we analyse them in three different ways: identifying the topics discussed during the period, detecting rumours, and predicting the source of the tweets. We use the k means algorithm for the first goal with k=5. The topics discussed can be grouped as follows: COVID 19 statistics, prayers for God, COVID 19 locations, advise and education for prevention, and advertising. We sample 2000 tweets and label them manually for false information, correct information, and unrelated. Then, we apply three different machine learning algorithms, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Classification, and Naive Bayes with two sets of features, word frequency approach and word embeddings. We find that Machine Learning classifiers are able to correctly identify the rumour related tweets with 84% accuracy. We also try to predict the source of the rumour related tweets depending on our previous model which is about classifying tweets into five categories: academic, media, government, health professional, and public. Around (60% of the rumour related tweets are classified as written by health professionals and academics.
Winter Pea, Crimson Clover, and Hairy Vetch Planted in Mixture with Small Grains in the Southeast United States
Venue: Agronomy Journal
Year: 2019

Legume and small grain cover crop mixtures may simultaneously fix N and suppress weeds. Studies were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Maryland and North Carolina to compare winter pea (Pisum sativum L. to crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) for cover crop use in mixture with small grains. Five winter pea genotypes, one crimson clover cultivar, and one hairy vetch cultivar were screened in mixture with barley (Hordeum vulgare) oats (Avena sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cold injury of the pea genotypes in Maryland severely impacted pea biomass. Peas were able to recover from cold injury in North Carolina. A robustly growing small grain aided in legume cold tolerance in some environments. In the Coastal Plain environments, all legume genotypes generally contributed to at least 50% of mixture biomass production. In the Maryland and Piedmont environments, the small grain dominated the cover crop mixture. Oats were generally more competitive with the legume species than barley or wheat. In the North Carolina Coastal Plain and Piedmont, several winter pea genotypes produced as much biomass in mixture as crimson clover and hairy vetch. Hairy vetch was the most competitive legume with the small grains across environments. The variability in total biomass composition across environments in this study demonstrates the importance of site specific cover crop species selection and mixture seeding rate recommendations.
Economic Impact Analysis of Carbon Tariffs Trading Policy on Chinese Exports
Year: 2018

As glaciers melting and sea level rising, the global warming issue is drawing more and more attention all around the world. In order to maintain climatic stability, some countries and international organizations advocate an alternative measure for the proposal of border tax adjustment(BTAs) which is carbon tariff, abating greenhouse gases emissions. This article mainly analysis the potential impact of carbon tariffs on Chinese exports. And main conclusions as followed: (1) Comparing with developed countries, developing countries suffer more negative effects.(2) In all industries, Mining industry, Metal manufacturing and Chemical industry are most heavily affected if carbon tariff were to universally impose, (3)and which might reduce the profit by over 520 million dollar if carbon price set at 40 /t.
A phenomenon of artificial odd even grid oscillation and its presence in domain decomposition computation: Algebraic analysis and numerical illustration
Venue: J. Comput. Appl. Math.
Year: 2018

Odd even grid oscillation is an artifact frequently observed in numerical solutions for differential equations when they are discretized by central difference, and it is a critical issue in pursuing high fidelity simulation of various physical phenomena. Although such oscillation has been a classic topic, there is lack of a direct, complete explanation on its onset and behaviors. From an angle different from those in literature, this paper revisits the topic, and it makes a systematic analysis in conjunction with numerical illustration on the oscillation in model problems, presenting criteria and a rigorous but direct and plain explanation on its presence and behaviors. Two types of odd even grid oscillation are identified; one comes from dual mode patterns in numerical solutions, and the other results from inconsistency of boundary conditions. The first type of the oscillation decays with grid spacing, while the second one tends to remain regardless of its size. As a consequence of their presence in single domain solutions, the two kinds of fluctuation also occur in computation by domain decomposition, and additionally they are altered by algorithms of the decomposition. Further analysis demonstrates that the fluctuation inherited in the model problems also leads to zig zag forms in solutions for more complicated nonlinear flow problems when they are solved either in a single domain or two subdomains. It is anticipated that understanding of the spurious oscillation obtained in this study will shed light on development of methods for its control and removal.
Conclusion: Cross Cultural Communication and Language in Wartime: Reflections and Future Directions
Venue: Communication, Interpreting and Language in Wartime
Year: 2019

The conclusion aims to bring together some of the overarching themes of this volume relating to language and war, focusing on cross cultural communication, strategies of communication and language teaching, and the experiences of interpreters. It argues that a study of language in the context of war is central to a fuller understanding of the experience of war, military history, and military policy. We also outline some future directions for research in this area and consider some of the challenges to researching language and war in contemporary and, potentially, future conflicts.
Effect of luminosity outbursts on protoplanetary disk dynamics
Year: 2020

Response of a protoplanetary disk to luminosity bursts of various duration is studied with the purpose to determine the effect of the bursts on the strength and sustainability of gravitational instability in the disk. A special emphasis is paid to the spatial distribution of gas and grown dust (from 1 mm to a few cm) during and after the burst.  Numerical hydrodynamics simulations using the FEOSAD code were employed to study the dynamics of gas and dust in the thin disk limit. Dust to gas friction including back reaction and dust growth were also considered. Bursts of various duration (from 100 to 500 yr) were initiated in accordance with a thermally ignited magnetorotational instability. Luminosity curves for constant and declining magnitude bursts were adopted to represent two typical limiting cases for FU Orionis type eruptions.  The short term effect of the burst is to reduce the strength of gravitational instability by heating and expanding the disk. The longest bursts with duration comparable to the revolution period of the spiral can completely dissolve the original two armed spiral pattern in the gas disk by the end of the burst, while the shortest bursts only weaken the spiral pattern. The reaction of grown dust to the burst is somewhat different. The spiral like initial distribution with deep cavities in the inter armed regions transforms into a ring like distribution with deep gaps. This transformation is most expressed for the longest duration bursts. The long term effect of the burst depends on the initial disk conditions at the onset of the burst. In some cases, vigorous disk fragmentation sets in several thousand years after the burst, which was absent in the model without the bursts (abridged)
[Esophageal cancer: epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics at Hospital Rebagliati (Lima)
Year: 2009

Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the digestive tract, with high morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE identify the clinical and pathological characteristics of esophageal cancer at Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (EsSALUD) in Lima (Peru) MATERIALS AND METHODS review of hospital charts of patients with histological diagnosis of esophageal cancer from 2001 to 2006.  106 patients with diagnosis of primary esophageal neoplasm were recruited. The most affected age group was between 60 and 80 years old, with predominance of men over women in a 3:1 ratio. Smoking was documented in 39% of patients, 10% showed heavy smoking. Use of alcoholic beverages was observed in 37% of patients, 8% were alcoholics. The mean disease duration was three months, ranging from 1 to 24 months. The predominant clinical characteristics were dysphagia (98% weight loss (73% and hyporexia (64% The most frequent location of tumor was the lower third, followed by the middle third, and cancer was mostly proliferating and stenosing. Histologically, the most frequent types were epidermoid carcinoma (82.1% and adenocarcinoma (16% Esophageal resection and gastric pull up were only feasible in 25% of patients; out of these 11% were at stage I, 37% at stage II, 37% at stage III, and 15% at stage IV.  At Hospital Rebagliati, epidermoid carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy of the esophagus, and diagnosis is generally determined at advanced stages of the disease.
The Development Strategy for Taiwan related Tourism of Zhangzhou City under the Situation of "Three Direct Links"
Year: 2014

The"three direct links"had been achieved in 2008,which is both an opportunity and a challenge for Zhangzhou.But how to give full play to the advantage of three direct links to promote the Taiwanrelated tourism of Zhangzhou is important for Zhangzhou's industry and economic development.The Taiwan related tourism of Zhangzhou,with its rich Taiwan related culture tourism resources,has deep historical and cultural origins and solid foundations.But there are also such problems as the tourist attractions are too small,old,and scattered and tourism products are not varied enough.Through analysis,this paper puts forward some strategies based on the three direct links,including increasing the clearing up of Taiwan related artifacts and relics,deepening cultural tourism about ancestral land for Taiwanese,etc.,with a view to promoting Zhangzhou's tourism cooperation with Taiwan and improving its popularity in the country and in the world.