nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionally distinct language and Theory of Mind networks are synchronized at rest and during language comprehension.
Venue: Journal of neurophysiology
Year: 2019

Communication requires the abilities to generate and interpret utterances and to infer the beliefs, desires, and goals of others "Theory of Mind" ToM) These two abilities have been shown to dissociate: individuals with aphasia retain the ability to think about others' mental states; and individuals with autism are impaired in social reasoning, but their basic language processing is often intact. In line with this evidence from brain disorders, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that linguistic and ToM abilities recruit distinct sets of brain regions. And yet, language is a social tool that allows us to share thoughts with one another. Thus, the language and ToM brain networks must share information despite being implemented in distinct neural circuits. Here, we investigated potential interactions between these networks during naturalistic cognition using functional correlations in fMRI. The networks were functionally defined in individual participants, in terms of preference for sentences over nonwords for language, and for belief inference over physical event processing for ToM, with both a verbal and a nonverbal paradigm. Although, across experiments, interregion correlations within each network were higher than between network correlations, we also observed above baseline synchronization of blood oxygenation level dependent signal fluctuations between the two networks during rest and story comprehension. This synchronization was functionally specific: neither network was synchronized with the executive control network (functionally defined in terms of preference for a harder over easier version of an executive task) Thus, coordination between the language and ToM networks appears to be an inherent and specific characteristic of their functional architecture. NEW NOTEWORTHY Humans differ from nonhuman primates in their abilities to communicate linguistically and to infer others' mental states. Although linguistic and social abilities appear to be interlinked onto and phylogenetically, they are dissociated in the adult human brain. Yet successful communication requires language and social reasoning to work in concert. Using functional MRI, we show that language regions are synchronized with social regions during rest and language comprehension, pointing to a possible mechanism for internetwork interaction.
Unifying Solution and Solid State NMR Studies of Nucleic Acid Dynamics
Year: 2010

The last few years have seen a remarkable increase in interest in the role of protein motion in catalysis, the energetics of protein folding, and molecular recognition. While motion by conformational adaptation is also very important for nucleic acids (many RNAs and DNAs function by undergoing large conformational changes in response to binding of a protein or small molecule) it is still not clear how motion contributes to the function of nucleic acids. There is a clear need to study motions and conformational transitions of nucleic acids by applying biophysical techniques that extend the description of DNA and RNA beyond the familiar static structures. It is well known that different dynamic spectroscopies display variable sensitivity to different rates of motion; therefore, if we rely upon any single type of spectroscopic measurement we run the risk of obtaining either an incomplete or incorrect description of internal molecular motions. Here, we use solution and solid state NMR to study the dynamics for two paradigmatic nucleic acid systems whose biological function depends on their ability to change structure: the flipping out of a deoxycytidine by the HhaI methyltransferase and TAR RNA which must undergo a structural rearrangement of its bulged loop to bind to the tat protein. In both cases, structures in the absence and presence of ligand are well described. Yet, little experimental data exists to define over the dynamic pathways linking these states, and how they depend on sequence. In both cases, we use solid state 2H NMR line shapes to probe for the presence of internal motions in the microsecond to nanaosecond timescales and relaxation to investigate dynamics at nanoseconds and shorter. We show that solid state NMR can quantify motions at timescales not easily probed by solution NMR relaxation techniques and we show that solution and solid state NMR views of the internal and overall rotations of these molecules can produce a unified view of the dynamics of these biomolecular systems.  nucleic Acids; DNA; RNA; dynamics; HhaI; TAR; solid state NMR
MODELS OF THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF EVILNESS IN RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGY
Year: 2021

Objective of this article is to describe models of conceptual metaphors of ethical concept "evilness" displayed and recorded in Russian phraseology, through the prism of national cultural specificity of ethical fragment of Russian language picture of the world.  We used the method of traditional linguistic analysis, lexical semantic analysis and conceptual analysis.  The paper has shown that, on the one hand, among the diverse folk concepts, the concept "evilness" is determined as a basic level concept, because it meets all the criteria for determining the basic level concepts and acts as a reference point in the moral and value scale. On the other hand, in Russian phraseological units, the abstract ethical concept "evilness" can be represented as a materialized object (essence, substance, thing) including a specific object with specified features (functions, characteristics, attributes) liquid substance (water) spoiled food (spoiled apple) and goods, as a three dimensional container and even as a mythological image (character) Baba Yaga, the Devil and the Satan.  The results obtained in this article allow us to say that these models are conceptual and metaphorical representation of evilness, largely shows not only ethnically related cultural characteristics of the ethical fragment of Russian language picture of the world, displayed in Russian phraseology, but also the cognitive specificity of Russian people.
Microarray based Classification of Seed specific Gene Expression for Pigmentation in Colored Rice
Year: 2009

Anthocyanin is a major class of flavonoids that tissues produce in response to environmental signals. The pigmentation of colored rice was analyzed by oligo microarray based on two factors, cultivar and developmental stage. As many as 250 and 350 genes were identified to be significantly upand down regulated. Using hypergeometric analysis for transcription factor function, the Myb and GT families, PBP, PBF, RAV, and STF factors were identified have potential anthocyanin specific functions. We also obtained seventeen unknown genes which display novel functions. Among the genes within the GT 1 and Myb1 groups, three unknown genes were found to be up regulated significantly in both combinations of cultivar and developmental stage. These results showed functional diversity of TF families and that the biological functions of the particular TFs may be activated in a pigmentation pathway in rice.
Pool boiling enhancement through bubble induced convective liquid flow in feeder microchannels
Year: 2016

Bubbles departing from the nucleation sites induce a liquid flow from the bulk to the heated surface during pool boiling. Alternating the nucleating regions with non nucleating regions facilitates separate liquid vapor pathways for departing vapor bubbles and returning liquid. We explored an additional enhancement through liquid feeder channels on the heater surface directing the returning liquid towards the nucleating region. The nucleating bubbles were confined to the nucleating region as the returning liquid flow induced strong convective currents over the non nucleating regions. In the best performing configuration, the nucleating regions were 0.5 mm wide, separated by non nucleating regions of width 2.125 mm, which corresponded to the bubble departure diameter. The non nucleating regions contained 0.5 mm wide feeder channels directing liquid towards the nucleating region. High speed images indicated distinct vapor columns over the nucleating regions with liquid channeled through the feeder channels.
Machine Learning for Phase Behavior in Active Matter Systems
Venue: Soft matter
Year: 2021

We demonstrate that deep learning techniques can be used to predict motility induced phase separation (MIPS) in suspensions of active Brownian particles (ABPs) by creating a notion of phase at the particle level. Using a fully connected network in conjunction with a graph neural network we use individual particle features to predict to which phase a particle belongs. From this, we are able to compute the fraction of dilute particles to determine if the system is in the homogeneous dilute, dense, or coexistence region. Our predictions are compared against the MIPS binodal computed from simulation. The strong agreement between the two suggests that machine learning provides an effective way to determine the phase behavior of ABPs and could prove useful for determining more complex phase diagrams.
Low Cost Automation Sensor Based Cutting Off Machine
Year: 2018

This is an automation based cutting process, it consist of cutting of bar at certain distance. Bar, pipe or any shape pipe can be cut by using this machine without more effort and saving valuable time in manufacturing process. This machine has automatic clamping. Now days, there are wide verity of wire products like welding electrode, weld mesh, heat treated kitchen baskets, automobile spark plugs and exhaust valves etc. For manufacturing all above products, wire is used as primary element and is to be straightening from coil form. Now straighten wire is to be cut into wire rod as per required length. For these sequential operations, wire straightening cutting machine is used. Now days, conventional type wire straightening cutting machine are being used in which wire is cut by stopper cutter head which is limited by its length as well as feeding speed. This machine can be widely applied in almost all type of industries. The pipe cutting process is a main part of the all industries. Normally the cutting machine is manually hand operated one for medium and small scale industries. In our project is pneumatically operated "Typical Pipe Cutting Machine" Automation in the modern world is inevitable. Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most. In our project is hand operated D.C valve and flow control valve is used for semi automation. The pipe cutting machine works with the help of pneumatic double acting cylinder.
A three dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer's disease
Venue: Nature
Year: 2014

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by two pathological hallmarks: amyloid b plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease posits that the excessive accumulation of amyloid b peptide leads to neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau. However, to date, no single disease model has serially linked these two pathological events using human neuronal cells. Mouse models with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutations exhibit amyloid b induced synaptic and memory deficits but they do not fully recapitulate other key pathological events of Alzheimer's disease, including distinct neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Human neurons derived from Alzheimer's disease patients have shown elevated levels of toxic amyloid b species and phosphorylated tau but did not demonstrate amyloid b plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. Here we report that FAD mutations in b amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 are able to induce robust extracellular deposition of amyloid b, including amyloid b plaques, in a human neural stem cell derived three dimensional (3D) culture system. More importantly, the 3D differentiated neuronal cells expressing FAD mutations exhibited high levels of detergent resistant, silver positive aggregates of phosphorylated tau in the soma and neurites, as well as filamentous tau, as detected by immunoelectron microscopy. Inhibition of amyloid b generation with b or g secretase inhibitors not only decreased amyloid b pathology, but also attenuated tauopathy. We also found that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulated amyloid b mediated tau phosphorylation. We have successfully recapitulated amyloid b and tau pathology in a single 3D human neural cell culture system. Our unique strategy for recapitulating Alzheimer's disease pathology in a 3D neural cell culture model should also serve to facilitate the development of more precise human neural cell models of other neurodegenerative disorders.
On the Reduction of the Interfacial Stresses in a Repaired Beam with an Adhesively Bonded FRP Plate
Year: 2010

Severe aging and deterioration of the transportation infrastructure has motivated extensive research in developing structural repair techniques using FRP or steel plates. As a result, previous researchers have developed several analytical methods to predict the interface performance of bonded repairs. An important feature of the reinforced beam is the significant stress concentration in the adhesive at the ends of FRP plate. In this paper, a numerical solution using a finite difference method is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution in beams strengthened with FRP plate having a tapered ends. These latter, can significantly reduce the stress concentrations. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented to demonstrate the advantages of use the tapers in design of strengthened beams.
Exponential random graph models for social networks: theories, methods and applications
Year: 2012

Dean Lusher, Johan Koskinen and Garry Robins 1. What are exponential random graph models Garry Robins and Dean Lusher 2. The formation of social network structure Dean Lusher and Garry Robins 3. A simplified account of ERGM as a statistical model Garry Robins and Dean Lusher 4. An example of ERGM analysis Dean Lusher and Garry Robins 5. Exponential random graph model fundamentals Johan Koskinene and Galina Daraganova 6. Dependence graphs and sufficient statistics Johan Koskinen and Galina Daraganova 7. Social selection, dyadic covariates and geospatial effects Garry Robins and Galina Daraganova 8. Autologistic actor attribute models Galina Daraganova and Garry Robins 9. ERGM extensions: models for multiple networks and bipartite networks Peng Wang 10. Longitudinal models Tom Snijders and Johan Koskinen 11. Simulation, estimation and goodness of fit Johan Koskinen and Tom Snijders 12.  simulation, estimation and goodness of fit Garry Robins and Dean Lusher 13. Personal attitudes, perceived attitudes and social structures: a social selection model Dean Lusher and Garry Robins 14. How to close a hole: exploring alternative closure mechanisms in inter organizational networks Alessandro Lomi and Francesca Pallotti 15. Interdependencies between working relations: multivariate ERGMs for advice and satisfaction Yu Zhao and Olaf Rank 16. Brain, brawn or optimism? The structure and correlates of emergent military leadership Yuval Kalish and Gil Luria 17. An ALAAM analysis of unemployment: the dual importance of who you know and where you live Galina Daraganova and Philippa Pattison 18. Longitudinal changes in face to face and text message mediated friendship networks Tasuku Igarashi 19. The differential impact of directors' social and financial capital on corporate interlock formation Nicholas Harrigan and Matthew Bond 20. Comparing networks: a structural correspondence between behavioural and recall networks Eric Quintane 21. Modelling social networks: next steps Philippa Pattison and Tom Snijders.
Foreign Aid Reduction and Local Civil Society: Recent Research and Policy Guidance for Donors and International NGOs
Year: 2020

The impact of foreign aid reduction on local civil society organizations has gained a growing amount of scholarly attention over the past several years. However, most research has focused on the experiences of local CSOs and their adaptations to reduced donor support. In this piece, we review the extant literature to offer a comprehensive perspective on the role of donors in the aid reduction process. We highlight the ways that donor planning and management of aid reduction can enhance or undermine civil society sustainability and offer six prompts for donors, designed to improve the aid reduction process. These include inventorying donors' original development objectives; leaving behind an appropriate legal framework; facilitating local philanthropy; developing a framework for government support of CSOs; communicating aid reduction plans transparently; and supporting local adaptions to funding withdrawal.
Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer mediated delivery of drug and pDNA/siRNA for cancer therapy.
Venue: International journal of pharmaceutics
Year: 2018

Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are well defined, highly branched macromolecules with numerous active amine groups on the surface. Because of their unique properties, PAMAM dendrimers have steadily grown in popularity in drug delivery, gene therapy, medical imaging and diagnostic application. This review focuses on the recent developments on the application in PAMAM dendrimers as effective carriers for drug and gene (pDNA, siRNA) delivery in cancer therapy, including: a) PAMAM for anticancer drug delivery; b) PAMAM and gene therapy; c) PAMAM used in overcoming tumor multidrug resistance; d) PAMAM used for hybrid nanoparticles; and e) PAMAM linked or loaded in other nanoparticles.
Miniature microstrip branch line coupler with folded artificial transmission lines
Venue: AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications
Year: 2019

The present work is devoted to the miniaturization of a conventional three branch line coupler device in UHF band. The procedure for designing miniature structures based on replacing the microstrip transmission line segment with equivalent structures with the same phase shift is described. These structures are placed in free space inside the coupler. The proposed coupler operates at 1 GHz (UHF band) with good specifications. The area of the manufactured prototype of the three branch line coupler with open circuit conditions stubs is 909 mm2, which is 76% less than the size of the conventional device and relative bandwidth is 23.7% The area of the manufactured prototype of the three branch line coupler with high resistance lines with a high resistance segment in the form of U symbol is 1169.7 mm2, which is 69.1% less than the size of the conventional device and relative bandwidth is 34.1%
Reflections on the Application of AI in Auditing Practice in the Context of Big Data
Venue: CSIA
Year: 2019

In recent years, big data and cloud computing technology have been widely used, which has led to profound changes in work and life. In the field of finance, "Internet accounting" and big data auditing have also become hot topics in the industry. The Ministry of Finance and the Audit Office have also issued relevant documents in succession, proposing to strengthen the construction of information technology and increase the use of large data. With the emergence of cloud accounting and financial sharing centers, the trend of computerization of accounting data is further strengthened, which makes it possible to obtain direct activity information of enterprises through computers. On the other hand, the abundant data resources make the quantification process begin in various fields, and when big data is applied more and more widely, the acquisition of industry data and industry data will become more and more convenient. After introducing the research background and significance, this paper analyses the characteristics of audit analysis procedures in different stages of development, points out the limitations of traditional audit analysis procedures, and then leads to the significance of applying big data analysis to audit work. Next, we discuss the application of big data in audit analysis procedure.
Gastrointestinal tract symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019: Analysis of clinical symptoms in adult patients
Venue: medRxiv
Year: 2020

To investigate the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) particularly the incidence of gastrointestinal tract symptoms.  We enrolled adult COVID 19 patients from a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan with a definitive diagnosis by SARS CoV 2 nucleic acid testing. Face to face interviews were conducted in which the patient selected COVID 19 related symptoms and report the time of onset and duration of symptoms.  A total of 212 adults were enrolled in this study, of which 127 (59.9% were females, mean age was 48.50 (range: 17 79) years, and mean disease course was 26.78 (3 60) days. Fever and cough were the most common and earliest clinical symptoms of COVID 19. Diarrhoea occurred in 43.8% (93/212) of patients, of which 86.0% (80/93) had mushy stools. Nausea and vomiting were also common (20.7% Diarrhoea lasted for 4.00(2.00 8.85) days and mostly occurred 5.00(0.25 11.00) days after the emergence of the first symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that diarrhoea was significantly correlated with fatigue [OR2.900,95%CI (1.629 5.164) p<0.0001]  Gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID 19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. Clinicians need to pay greater attention to gastrointestinal tract symptoms of COVID 19.
Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks via Michael Addition Elimination.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society
Year: 2017

Dynamic covalent chemistry enables self assembly of reactive building blocks into structurally complex yet robust materials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs) However, the synthetic toolbox used to prepare such materials, and thus the spectrum of attainable properties, is very limited. For p conjugated COFs, the Schiff base condensation of aldehydes and amines is the only general dynamic reaction, but the resulting imine linked COFs display only a moderate electron delocalization and are susceptible to hydrolysis, particularly in acidic conditions. Here we report a new dynamic polymerization based on Michael addition elimination reaction of structurally diverse b ketoenols with amines, and use it to prepare novel two dimensional (2D) p conjugated COFs, as crystalline powders and exfoliated micron size sheets. p Conjugation is manifested in these COFs in significantly reduced band gap (1.8 2.2 eV) solid state luminescence and reversible electrochemical doping creating midgap (NIR absorbing) polaronic states. The b ketoenamine moiety enables protonation control of electron delocalization through the 2D COF sheets. It also gives rise to direct sensing of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) explosive through fluorescence quenching.