nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Attribute Aware Force Model: Exploiting Richness of Interaction for Abnormal Crowd Detection
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Year: 2015

Interactions among pedestrians usually play an important role in understanding crowd behavior. However, there are great challenges, such as occlusions, motion, and appearance variance, on accurate analysis of pedestrian interactions. In this paper, we introduce a novel social attribute aware force model (SAFM) for detection of abnormal crowd events. The proposed model incorporates social characteristics of crowd behaviors to improve the description of interactive behaviors. To this end, we first efficiently estimate the scene scale in an unsupervised manner. Then, we introduce the concepts of social disorder and congestion attributes to characterize the interaction of social behaviors, and construct our crowd interaction model on the basis of social force by an online fusion strategy. These attributes encode social interaction characteristics and offer robustness against motion pattern variance. Abnormal event detection is finally performed based on the proposed SAFM. In addition, the attribute aware interaction force indicates the possible locations of anomalous interactions. We validate our method on the publicly available data sets for abnormal detection, and the experimental results show promising performance compared with alternative and state of the art methods.
Nucleotide nutrition in fish: Current knowledge and future applications
Year: 2006

The roles of nucleotides and metabolites in fish diets have been sparingly studied for over 25 years. Beside possible involvement in diet palatability, fish feeding behavior and biosynthesis of non essential amino acids, exogenous nucleotides have shown promise most recently as dietary supplements to enhance immunity and disease resistance of fish produced in aquaculture. Research on dietary nucleotides in fishes has shown they may improve growth in early stages of development, enhance larval quality via broodstock fortification, alter intestinal structure, increase stress tolerance as well as modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Fishes fed nucleotide supplemented diets generally have shown enhanced resistance to viral, bacterial and parasitic infection. Despite occasional inconsistency in physiological responses, dietary supplementation of nucleotides has shown rather consistent beneficial influences on various fish species. Although nucleotide nutrition research in fishes is in its infancy and many fundamental questions remain unanswered, observations thus far support the contention that nucleotides are conditionally or semi essential nutrients for fishes, and further exploration of dietary supplementation of nucleotides for application in fish culture is warranted. Hypothesized reason(s) associated with these beneficial effects include dietary provision of physiologically required levels of nucleotides due to limited synthetic capacity of certain tissues (e.g. lymphoid) inadequate energetic expenditure for de novo synthesis, immunoendocrine interactions and modulation of gene expression patterns. However, currently there are numerous gaps in existing knowledge about exogenous nucleotide application to fish including various aspects of digestion, absorption, metabolism, and influences on various physiological responses especially expression of immunogenes and modulation of immunoglobulin production. Additional information is also needed in regard to age/size related responses and appropriate doses and timing of administration. Thus further research in these areas should be pursued.
SP 0214: Auto contouring system: Changing the practice
Year: 2013

Devices that use a scintillating screen viewed via a CCD camera have shown to be very efficient in the collection of large amount of data during clinical commissioning (e.g. beam width in air for different energies in case of scanning) The electronic read out of such devices can be very advantageous since it allows on line analysis of the data just measured. Amorphous silicon detectors are also worth mentioning since they have shown promising properties and may play an important role in the future. Relative dosimetry along the beam direction has the purpose to measure pencil beam depth dose curves or depth dose profile for homogenous SOBP. Large plane parallel ICs (e.g. diameter 8cm) are ideal tools for integral depth dose measurements in case of scanning. In addition to the charged deposited by the primary beam, the wide active area of large plane parallel ICs allows collecting the charged deposited also by secondary proton propagation under larger angles. Alternatively, small plane parallel ICs in broad beams could also be employed to obtain pencil beam depth dose curves when the chamber is significantly smaller than the lateral size of the field, which is usually the case in passive scattering. Plane parallel chambers are also ideal for measurements of the distal fall off. Multi layer ionization chambers (MLIC) can effectively measure and verify the range of a large number of beam energies and can be used for routine QA. Detectors for relative 3D dosimetry, which combine 1) and 2) such as, gel and PRESAGE, were tested under proton radiation but, as of today, they are still not employed routinely, mainly because of the LET and energy dependence and the time consuming preparation and evaluation.
Wissenschafliche Philanthropie und transatiantischer Austausch in der Zwischenkriegszeit die sozialwissenschaftlichen Forderprogramme der Rockefeller Stiftungen in Deutschland
Year: 2019

Les sciences sociales peuvent elles aider a resoudre les problemes de societe A partir de 1922, l'une des fondations d la famille Rockefeller engage, au nom de cette conviction, un vaste plan de soutien financier en faveur des sciences sociales des Etats Unis et de plusieurs pays d'Europe, dont l'Allemagne. Ce choix, initie a New York par le jeune directeur du Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, Beardsley Ruml, a donne naissance a un vaste reseau de relations scientifiques et interpersonnelles transatlantiques. Etudier la place de l'Allemagne de Weimar puis de l'Allemagne nazie dans ce systeme d'echange europeen et mondial permet de montrer l'existence d'une coproduction des programmes entre les partenaires americains et allemands, afin d'organiser la selection et le sejour scientifique de boursiers allemands aux Etats Unis, en Europe et en Australie, et, dans le meme temps, l'accueil de boursiers etrangers en Allemagne. L'enquete explore aussi les relations entre la philanthropie rockefellerienne et des centres de recherche allemands, que ceux ci aient ete soutenus, comme l'Institut fur Auswartige Politik d'Hambourg et 'Institut fur Sozial und Staatswissenschaften d'Heidelberg, ou au contraire delaisses, comme Y Institut fur Sozialforschung de Francfort sur le Main. En confrontant notamment les archives du Rockefeller Archive Center au vaste fond de l'administrateur allemand des programmes, August Wilhelm Fehling, il est possible d'acceder a une histoire croisee de ces echanges et des experiences individuelles et collectives qui en resultent.
Core shell nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers: a review
Venue: Microchimica Acta
Year: 2016

AbstractCore shell surface molecular imprinting technology represents a rather new trend in analytical sciences. In this kind of material, the imprinting sites are located on the surface of the cores or shells of nanoparticles (NPs) This material can improve the capability of recognizing target molecules (analytes) reduce nonspecific adsorption, increase the relative adsorption capacity and selectivity, and accelerate the rate of mass transfer. This review (with 158 references) focuses on recent trends in core shell MIPs. Following an introduction into the field, a first main section covers common core materials including silica, magnetic NPs, quantum dots (including semiconductor quantum dots and carbon dots) gold and silver nanoclusters, and up conversion materials. A further section covers the materials and reagents required for preparing MIPs (with subsections on templates, functional monomers, cross linkers, initiators, and effects of solvent) A next main section covers synthetic approaches such as precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and grafting approach. A final section gives examples for applications of core shell MIPs in analytical assays and in sensing. Graphical abstractThis review (with 158 references) focuses on recent trends in core shell nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers (core shell MIPs) Three significant synthesis methods are introduced: precipitation, emulsion and grafting approach. Applications of core shell MIPs concentrate on solid phase extraction, fluorescent probe, surface enhanced Raman scattering based sensors and electrochemical sensors.
Estado del proceso administrativo en las unidades de produccion agropecuaria de Santo Domingo, Ecuador
Year: 2020

Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo indagar el estado de las fases de los procesos administrativos de las unidades de produccion agropecuaria. Para ello, se planteo una investigacion mixta exploratoria en Santo Domingo, Ecuador. Los resultados demuestran que los emprendedores agropecuarios han ejecutado oportunamente la fase de direccion con los trabajadores, pero las fases de control y direccion son deficientes. Se concluye que la falta de control sobre los resultados genera que, de manera general, estos emprendimientos posean procesos administrativos subdesarrollados. Palabras clave: Proceso administrativo, Emprendimientos agropecuarios, Gestion de Empresas ABSTRACT:
Group Teaching: Learning Robust CNNs From Extremely Noisy Labels
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2020

Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved tremendous success in a variety of applications across many disciplines. However, their superior performance relies on correctly annotated large scale datasets. It is very expensive and time consuming to get the annotated large scale datasets, especially in the medical field. While collecting a large amount of data is relatively easy, given the amount of data available on the web, but these data are highly unreliable, and they often include a massive amount of noisy labels. The past research works have shown that these noisy labels could significantly affect the performance of the deep convolutional neural networks on image classification. However, training a robust deep convolutional neural network with extremely noisy labels is a very challenging task. Inspired by the co teaching concept, this paper proposes a novel method for training a robust convolutional neural network with extremely noisy labels, which is called group teaching. Specifically, we train a group of convolutional neural networks simultaneously, and let them teach each other by selecting possibly clean samples for each network in each mini batch. Each network back propagates the samples selected by other networks except itself and then it updates itself. The empirical results on noisy versions of CIFAR 10 and CIFAR 100 datasets demonstrate that our method is superior to the state of the art methods in the robustness for noisy labels. Particularly, to verify the efficacy of our group teaching in real world noisy labels distribution, we have also validated the effectiveness of our method on the real world noisy WebVision1000 100 dataset. The results show that our method has achieved higher performance than the state of the art methods.
5 Fluorouracil: Mechanisms of Resistance and Reversal Strategies
Venue: Molecules
Year: 2008

The purpose of this work is to review the published studies on the mechanisms of action and resistance of 5 fluorouracil. The review is divided into three main sections: mechanisms of anti tumor action, studies of the resistance to the drug, and procedures for the identification of new genes involved in resistance with microarray techniques. The details of the induction and reversal of the drug resistance are also described.
The Role of Digital Technologies in Open Innovation Processes: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study Analysis
Year: 2020

Digital transformation has undoubtedly become a key enabler of innovation as evidenced by the numerous firms that use digital technologies to manage their innovation processes. This issue is even more relevant today when innovation processes have become more open and require greater resources in the different implementation phases to capture and transfer knowledge within and outside the firm's boundaries. This implies additional challenges in managing the increasing amount of knowledge and information flows. Accordingly, digital technologies can be used and implemented to manage open innovation processes through easier access and sharing the knowledge created and transferred. Nevertheless, literature in these fields does not provide a structured view of how and why digital technologies are used to manage innovation processes in an open perspective. This paper aims to bridge this gap by adopting the theoretical lenses of change management to identify the managerial actions at organizational and process level that companies perform to implement digital technologies in their open innovation processes. Accordingly, the paper investigates how and why these managerial actions required for and enabled by digital technologies help firms to develop and nurture open innovation. From an empirical point of view, the exploratory multiple case study analyzes nine firms operating in different industries and varying in size, market share, and organizational structure.
Improving the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth with coronavirus (COVID 19) a systematic review.
Venue: The journal of maternal fetal neonatal medicine the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
Year: 2020

In the context of serious coronavirus epidemic, it is critical that pregnant women not be ignored potentially life saving interventions. So, this study was designed to improve the quality of care by health providers through what they need to know about coronavirus during pregnancy and childbirth. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases was performed for published in English, before 25 March 2020. Finally, 29 papers which had covered the topic more appropriately were included in the study. The results of the systematic review of the existing literature are presented in the following nine sections: Symptoms of the COVID 19 in pregnancy, Pregnancy management, Delivery Management, Mode of delivery, Recommendations for health care provider in delivery, Neonatal outcomes, Neonatal care, Vertical Transmission, Breastfeeding. In conclusion, improving quality of care in maternal health, as well as educating, training, and supporting healthcare providers in infection management to be prioritized. Sharing data can help to countries that to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with the COVID 19.
Improving Physical Layer Security Technique Based on 4 D Antenna Arrays with Pre Modulation
Venue: 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
Year: 2020

Four dimensional (4 D) antenna arrays formed by introducing time as the forth controlling variable are able to be used to regulate the radiation fields in space, time and frequency domains. Thus, 4 D antenna arrays are actually the excellent platform for achieving physical layer secure transmission. However, traditional direction modulation technique of 4 D antenna arrays always inevitably leads to higher sidelobe level of radiation pattern or less randomness. Regarding to the problem, this paper proposed a physical layer secure transmission technique based on 4 D antenna arrays, which combine the advantages of traditional phased arrays, and 4 D arrays for improving the physical layer security in wireless networks. This technique is able to reduce the radiated power at sidelobe region by optimizing the time sequences. Moreover, the signal distortion caused by time modulation can be compensated in the desired direction by pre modulating transmitted signals.
Factors Affecting Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes From Herbarium Specimens Spanning the Diversity of Angiosperms
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.
Year: 2019

The world's herbaria collectively house millions of diverse plant specimens, including endangered or extinct species and type specimens. Unlocking genetic data from the typically highly degraded DNA obtained from herbarium specimens was difficult until the arrival of high throughput sequencing approaches, which can be applied to low quantities of severely fragmented DNA. Target enrichment involves using short molecular probes that hybridise and capture genomic regions of interest for high throughput sequencing. In this study on herbariomics, we used this targeted sequencing approach and the Angiosperms353 universal probe set to recover up to 351 nuclear genes from 435 herbarium specimens that are up to 204 years old and span the breadth of angiosperm diversity. We show that on average 207 genes were successfully retrieved from herbarium specimens, although the mean number of genes retrieved and target enrichment efficiency is significantly higher for silica gel dried specimens. Forty seven target nuclear genes were recovered from a herbarium specimen of the critically endangered St Helena boxwood, Mellissia begoniifolia, collected in 1815. Herbarium specimens yield significantly less high molecular weight DNA than silica gel dried specimens, and genomic DNA quality declines with sample age, which is negatively correlated with target enrichment efficiency. Climate, taxon specific traits, and collection strategies additionally impact target sequence recovery. We also detected taxonomic bias in targeted sequencing outcomes for the 10 most numerous angiosperm families that were investigated in depth. We recommend that (1) for species distributed in wet tropical climates, silica gel dried specimens should be used preferentially; (2) for species distributed in seasonally dry tropical climates, herbarium and silica gel dried specimens yield similar results, and either collection can be used; (3) taxon specific traits should be explored and established for effective optimisation of taxon specific studies using herbarium specimens; (4) all herbarium sheets should, in future, be annotated with details of the preservation method used; (5) long term storage of herbarium specimens should be in stable, low humidity, and low temperature environments; and (6) targeted sequencing with universal probes, such as Angiosperms353, should be investigated closely as a new approach for DNA barcoding that will ensure better exploitation of herbarium specimens than traditional Sanger sequencing approaches.
Verifying a Binary Micro Hypervisor Intercept Handler
Year: 2013

Hypervisors provide a security foundation of cloud computing, yet have suffered exploits. Efforts at formal verification have included codevelopment (XMHF) and interactive theorem proving (seL4) A technique that can be quickly applied to existing hypervisors is desirable. We examine binaries by extending the Binary Analysis Platform (BAP) to include the required system mode instructions used by hypervisors. We translate the BAP output to Boogie, a language which is then converted to an SMT formula, and define a security property that the hypervisor response to guest execution does not modify the hypervisor code pages. We use BAP and Boogie to automatically detect one ported and two injected bugs and verify that 1000 random traces through the intercept handler do not violate our property. We identify constructs that are difficult to verify automatically. Our tool should be usable in analyzing other hypervisors.
ESTIMATION IN A SEMIPARAMETRIC MONOTONE VARYING COEFFICIENT PARTIALLY LINEAR MODEL WITH ERRORS IN VARIABLES
Year: 2013

The estimators of both parameters and monotone regression function of a semiparametric monotone varying coefficient partially linear EV model are given via our monotone modified profile least square method.Some properties of the estimators are also given.Finally,simulations results show feasibility of the proposed method,and comparisons are made between the proposed method and profile least square method.
Fashioning the Fantastical Self: An Examination of the Cosplay Dress up Phenomenon in Southeast Asia
Year: 2013

This article will examine the practice of Cosplay the trend for young adults in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia to dress up in themed costumes assuming the personae of characters from Japanese comic books (manga) and animated cartoons (anime) video games, and pop music bands as a means of exploring the motivations behind this activity. Social interaction theory and approaches to performativity and dramatism will be used to closely examine the complexities that construct this rapidly globalizing phenomenon from the player's own perspectives. In doing so, it will question why dress is used as a catalyst for escaping the boundaries of self and acquiring multiple identities. The article will discuss the outcomes of an ethnographic study where interviews were conducted with a selection of Cosplayers in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Tokyo who regularly dress in a range of costumes in public places and at organized themed events.  to assume another persona; what motivates them to dress up; how they decide to choose a particular character; whether it is a form of creative expression, rebellion, or secret or overt expressions of self; why and how they employ dress to pursue a particular fantasy; and the role of gender socialization in this type of costuming. Findings suggest that dressing up as a Cosplayer is multi vocal experience representing varying motivations including the reaffirmation of identity, the escape from a known reality in an attempt to recapture a "cute" childhood innocence, and the visible, often mediated, adherence to a defined and reassuring subcultural collective in the Asian context.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology Based Market Information Services on Smallholder Farm Input Use and Productivity: The Case of Kenya
Year: 2013

Information asymmetry has traditionally constrained smallholder farmers' access to markets, consequently limiting their adoption of modern technologies and farm productivity. Improved smallholder farmers' access to markets via the recent Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platforms has the potential to reverse this scenario. This study uses Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique to evaluate the impact of an ICT based market information services (MIS) project on farm input use and productivity in Kenya. It finds a positive and significant impact of the intervention on the use of seeds, fertilizers, land, and labor productivity. However, a negative impact on labor usage is found.
Design Principles for Signal Detection in Modern Job Application Systems: Identifying Fabricated Qualifications
Venue: J. Manag. Inf. Syst.
Year: 2020

Hiring a new employee is traditionally thought to be an uncertain investment. This uncertainty is lessened by the presence of signals that indicate job fitness. Ideally, job applicants objectively signal their qualifications, and those signals are correctly assessed by the hiring team. In reality, signal manipulation is pervasive in the hiring process, mitigating the reliability of signals used to make hiring decisions. To combat these inefficiencies, we propose and evaluate SIGHT, a theoretical class of systems affording more robust signal evaluation during the job application process. A prototypical implementation of the SIGHT framework was evaluated using a mock interview paradigm. Results provide initial evidence that SIGHT systems can elicit and capture qualification signals beyond what can be traditionally obtained from a typical application and that SIGHT systems can assess signals more effectively than unaided decision making. SIGHT principles may extend to domains such as audit and security interviews.