nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in soil morphology of Podzols affected by alkaline fly ash blown out from the dumping site of an electric power plant
Venue: Journal of Soils and Sediments
Year: 2016

PurposeThe impacts of fly ash on the chemistry of forest floors were previously described in literature, while impacts on soil properties were less recognised. Soil investigations were focussed mainly on increases of pH and base saturations in surface horizons. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of alkaline fly ash blown out from the dumping site of a lignite fired power plant on pH changes of ectohumus horizons of Podzols and the morphology of deeper horizons.Materials and methodsWe investigated the soil profiles of Podzols derived from loose quartz sand and developed under pine forest surrounding the dumping site of the power plant Belchatow, central Poland. In the vicinity of the fly ash dumping site, five Podzol profiles located at a distance of 50 m from the dumping site were investigated, as well as soil profiles located along the transect set at distances of 50, 300, 800 and 2000 m from the dumping site. Control profiles were located at a distance of 7.3 km from the dumping site. Soil morphology was described in the field and the following properties were determined: soil texture, hydrolytic acidity, exchangeable cations, total organic carbon and total nitrogen content.Results and discussionThe pH values of Podzol ectohumus horizons located close to the dumping site ranged from 6.01 to 7.34 compared to a range of 3.08 3.72 in the control. Ectohumus horizon located 300 m from the dumping site showed a pH range of 4.13 4.26, while at a distance of 800 m, the pH values did not differ from those of the control site. The upper part of the eluvial soil horizons located close to the dumping site had been transformed into transitional AE horizons in which humic substances translocated from ectohumus horizons were accumulated. Moreover, the organic carbon content of this horizon increased compared to the carbon content of the illuvial Bs horizon located below it. Under the influence of alkalisation of upper horizons, the illuvial Bhs horizons vanished and were transformed into Bs horizons.ConclusionsChanges in soils affected by fly ashes are connected with alkalinisation of ectohumus horizons. Podzolisation processes can be reduced or even completely stopped regarding the distance from the dumping site. Eluvial Podzol horizons located close to the dumping site may be transformed into AE horizons in which humic substances translocated from ectohumus horizons are accumulated. Due to transformation and translocation of organic components, Bhs horizons can be transformed into Bs horizons.
Operational and environmental performance measures in a multi product closed loop supply chain
Year: 2011

This paper investigates a number of operational and environmental performance measures, in particular those related to transportation operations, within a closed loop supply chain. A mathematical model in the form of a linear programming formulation is used to model the problem, which captures the trade offs between various costs, including those of emissions and of transporting commodities within the chain. Computational results are presented for a number of scenarios, using a realistic network instance.
Developing a Deep Neural Network to Denoise Time Resolved In Situ ETEM Movies of Catalyst Nanoparticles
Year: 2021

A deep learning based convolutional neural network has been developed to denoise atomic resolution in situ TEM image datasets of catalyst nanoparticles acquired on high speed, direct electron counting detectors, where the signal is severely limited by shot noise. The network was applied to a model catalyst of CeO2 supported Pt nanoparticles. We leverage multislice simulation to generate a large and flexible dataset for training and testing the network. The proposed network outperforms state of the art denoising methods by a significant margin both on simulated and experimental test data. Factors contributing to the performance are identified, including most importantly (a) the geometry of the images used during training and (b) the size of the network's receptive field. Through a gradient based analysis, we investigate the mechanisms used by the network to denoise experimental images. This shows the network exploits information on the surrounding structure and that it adapts its filtering approach when it encounters atomic level defects at the catalyst surface. Extensive analysis has been done to characterize the network's ability to correctly predict the exact atomic structure at the catalyst surface. Finally, we develop an approach based on the log likelihood ratio test that provides an quantitative measure of uncertainty regarding the atomic level structure in the network denoised image.
Fractional Calculus and Waves in Linear Viscoelasticity: An Introduction to Mathematical Models
Year: 2010

Essentials of Fractional Calculus Essentials of Linear Viscoelasticity Fractional Viscoelastic Media Waves in Linear Viscoelastic Media: Dispersion and Dissipation Waves in Linear Viscoelastic Media: Asymptotic Methods Pulse Evolution in Fractional Viscoelastic Media The Eulerian Functions The Bessel Functions The Error Functions The Exponential Integral Functions The Mittag Leffler Functions The Wright Functions.
The Lawsuit of Public Interest in Cartel Law: Case Law of the Cartel Court in Hungary
Year: 2019

The lawsuit of public interest was introduced by the 20th Act of 1931 after the economic crisis in the interwar period special attention to the regulation of cartels in Europe. This Act regulated the unfair economic agreements in Hungary. The Hungarian Cartel Law regulated the supreme organs related to the cartels. In my paper I would like to examine the cases of the Cartel Court and its jurisdiction. By examining the cases, it can be stated that the role of the Cartel Court was strongly administrational in connection to lawsuits of public interest. The Cartel Court and the Cartel Committee become one of the most decisive legal institutions in the Hungarian Economic life up until the middle of the 20th Century. The state intervention appeared in the Hungarian Private Law special attention to the cartel regulation.
Penalty Free Self adaptive Search Space Reduction Method for Multi objective Evolutionary Design Optimization of Water Distribution Networks
Year: 2018

Evolutionary optimization approaches such as genetic algorithms are being used increasingly in the optimization of water distribution networks. The number of hydraulic simulations required to find good solutions can be extremely large and time consuming. It is, therefore, highly desirable to reduce the search or solution space to speed up the optimization process. The new approach herein considers the importance of every path through the network, an intrinsic property of the statistical flow entropy function. Pre processing, setting or initialization of the reduced solution space is not required a priori. Instead, the reduced solution space is determined adaptively using maximum entropy principles. The methodology comprises two main phases. In the first phase, the entire solution space is explored until a feasible solution is identified. In the second phase, exploitation is effected by means of a reference solution that is updated in every generation. The reduced set of pipe diameter options considered in each generation in the second phase is defined relative to the reference solution. The algorithm was applied to a benchmark network. The solutions obtained were generally less expensive for similar entropy values than solutions from the full solution space. The results revealed that the solution space reduction algorithm limits the search to the areas close to the feasibility boundary. Consistently good results were achieved in terms of the quality of the solutions and computational efficiency.
Aksel Tjora: Helsesosiologi. Analyser av helse, sykdom og behandling
Year: 2013

Helsa angar oss alle, enten vi tar god helse for gitt eller bekymrer oss for den. Helsesporsmal er en sikker vinner i kampen om medieoppmerksomhet; ingen detalj er for liten, ingen feilbehandling for ubetydelig til a skape svaere forsideoverskrifter omtrent daglig. Politikere konfronteres med befolkningens umettelige forventninger, krav om ytelser og bevilgninger til alle gode helseformal. Ja, har vi et overdimensjonert helsevesen eller burde vi AC/a!Ai verdens rikeste landAC/a!A bruke mer penger pa helse? Det er et stridssporsmal. Gitt relevans og oppmerksomhet er det vel i grunnen underlig at helsesosiologi bare er et beskjedent forskningsfelt. Det er dog et felt i langsom vekst, i folge bokas redaktor Aksel Tjora, som er professor i helsesosiologi ved NTNU. Feltet er uendelig og uavgrensbart, det handler om innhold, struktur og politikk, om profesjoner, kjonn og tjenesteytelser, meningsdannelse, symbolproduksjon og mye mer. Ambisjonen her er a sette feltet tydeligere pa forskningskartet, synliggjore bredde og relevans i den pagaende forskningen og samtidig tjene som en inspirasjonskilde til ny forskning. Tross forskningsfeltets AC//a!A er dette en omfangsrik bok pa over 500 sider og 25 ulike kapitler. Den er i all hovedsak er basert pa norske forskeres pagaende og nylig avsluttede empiriske forskningsprosjekter og med bidrag fra mange av landets samfunnsvitenskapelige miljoer. Boka spenner vidt hva gjelder tema, perspektiv, teoretiske og metodiske tilnaerminger.
Evolution of technology for molecular genotyping in blood group systems
Venue: The Indian journal of medical research
Year: 2017

The molecular basis of the blood group antigens was identified first in the 1980s and 1990s. Since then the importance of molecular biology in transfusion medicine has been described extensively by several investigators. Molecular genotyping of blood group antigens is one of the important aspects and is successfully making its way into transfusion medicine. Low medium and high throughput techniques have been developed for this purpose. Depending on the requirement of the centre like screening for high or low prevalence antigens where antisera are not available, correct typing of multiple transfused patients, screening for antigen negative donor units to reduce the rate of alloimmunization, etc. a suitable technique can be selected. The present review discusses the evolution of different techniques to detect molecular genotypes of blood group systems and how these approaches can be used in transfusion medicine where haemagglutination is of limited value. Currently, this technology is being used in only a few blood banks in India. Hence, there is a need for understanding this technology with all its variations.
The role of precipitant in the preparation of lithium rich manganese based cathode materials
Venue: Chemical Physics Letters
Year: 2019

Co precipitation method employing two precipitants, oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate, has been used to synthesize Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 Mn 0.54 O 2 Various calcination temperatures are also compared to obtain the material with better properties. By optimizing the precipitant and calcination temperature, the material prepared by oxalic acid at 900 degC has good layered structure, small particle size (200 300 nm) and uniform distribution of particles. A high first discharge specific capacity of 298.4 mAh g 1 and a high first Coulombic efficiency of 77.2% at 0.1 C are obtained. After 50 cycles, the reversible discharge specific capacity is 272.2 mAh g 1 with a capacity retention of 91.2%
An Interleaved High Step Down Conversion Ratio Buck Converter with Closed Loop Control for Low Switch Voltage Stress
Year: 2016

This paper presents an interleaved high step down conversion ratio buck converter with closed loop control for low switch voltage stress. In this converter two input capacitors are series charged by the input voltage and parallel discharged by a new two phase IBC (Interleaved Buck Converter) for providing a much higher step down conversion ratio without adopting an extreme short duty cycle. Based on the capacitive voltage division, the new voltage divider circuit in the converter will storing energy in the blocking capacitors for increasing the step down conversion ratio in addition to reducing voltage stresses of active switches. As a result, the converter possesses the low switch voltage stress characteristic. This will allow us to choose lower voltage rat ing switches to reduce both switching and conduction losses, and the overall efficiency is also imp roved. Also the converter features automatic uniform current sharing characteristic of the interleaved phases due to the charge balance of the blocking capacito r, without adding extra circuitry or complex control methods.
The Internet of Everything: Smart things and their impact on business models
Year: 2021

The internet of everything (IoE) connecting people, organizations and smart things, promises to fundamentally change how we live, work and interact, and it may redefine a wide range of industry sectors. This conceptual paper aims to develop a vision of how the IoE may alter business models and the ways in which individuals and organizations create value. We review literature on networked business models and service ecosystems, and show that a clearer understanding is needed of how the IoE will impact on the ways that organizations go about their business at the micro, meso and macro levels. Combining this with an inductive, vignette based approach, we present a new taxonomy of smart things based on their capabilities and their connectivity. We derive their implications for business models and conclude the paper with propositions that form a research agenda for business researchers.
A New Robust Copy Move Forgery Detection Method
Venue: 2020 28th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU)
Year: 2020

One of the passive image authentication methods, copy move forgery detection has become an important research area. In this study, a robust forgery detection method was proposed considering the attacks that can be applied to the image. In the method, suspicious source and target regions are detected by matching SIFT keypoints extracted after obtaining the texture information of the image. The feature vectors of the image sub blocks are obtained by using DCT phase to detect forged pixels within these regions. The fact that the corresponding blocks have similar feature vectors indicates that the pixels in the block are forged. In the performance analysis, online dataset named GRIP was used and compared with popular studies in the literature.
An Optical Phase Locked Loop Photonic Integrated Circuit
Venue: Journal of Lightwave Technology
Year: 2010

We present the design, fabrication, and results from the first monolithically integrated optical phase locked loop (OPLL) photonic integrated circuit (PIC) suitable for a variety of homodyne and offset phase locking applications. This InP based PIC contains two sampled grating distributed reflector (SG DBR) lasers, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) phase modulators, balanced photodetectors, and multimode interference (MMI) couplers and splitters. The SG DBR lasers have more than 5 THz of frequency tuning range and can generate a coherent beat for a wide spectrum of frequencies. In addition, the SG DBR lasers have large tuning sensitivities and do not exhibit any phase inversion over the frequency modulation bandwidths making them ideal for use as current controlled oscillators in feedback loops. These SG DBR lasers have wide linewidths and require high feedback loop bandwidths in order to be used in OPLLs. This is made possible using photonic integration which provides low cost, easy to package compact loops with low feedback latencies. In this paper, we present two experiments to demonstrate proof of concept operation of the OPLL PIC: homodyne locking and offset locking of the SG DBR lasers.
High pressure synthesis and characterization of iridium trihydride.
Venue: Physical review letters
Year: 2013

We have performed in situ synchrotron x ray diffraction studies of the iridium hydrogen system up to 125 GPa. At 55 GPa, a phase transition in the metal lattice from the fcc to a distorted simple cubic phase is observed. The new phase is characterized by a drastically increased volume per metal atom, indicating the formation of a metal hydride, and substantially decreased bulk modulus of 190 GPa (383 GPa for pure Ir) Ab initio calculations show that the hydrogen atoms occupy the face centered positions in the metal matrix, making this the first known noninterstitial noble metal hydride and, with a stoichiometry of IrH(3) the one with the highest volumetric hydrogen content. Computations also reveal that several energetically competing phases exist, which can all be seen as having distorted simple cubic lattices. Slow kinetics during decomposition at pressures as low as 6 GPa suggest that this material is metastable at ambient pressure and low temperatures.
Thornton Wilder's Play Our Town: The Dramatic Techniques As A Reflection Of The Embodiment Of Emotions
Year: 2010

Bu makale Thornton Wilder 8217;in Our Town adli oyununda kullanilan dramatik teknikleri ve tekniklerin duygulari nasil sekillendirdigini tartisir Grotowski ve Strindberg 8217;in tekniklerinden etkilenen Wilder kendi ruya oyun teknigini sekillendirir ve gelistirir Grotowski 8217;nin sahne dekorasyonundan yoksun olan 8220;yoksun tiyatro 8221; teknigini uygulayan Wilder tiyatro karakterlerinin abartilmis mimik ve jestlerine dikkat ceker Boyle bir durum karakterlerin ic catismalarini ve duygularini zamandan bagimsiz olarak ortaya cikarir Bu teknigin amaci insan hayati ve duygularinin evrensel oldugunu gostermektir Anahtar Sozcukler: ruya oyunu duygular jestlerle anlatim pandomim
Mind the Trade off: Debiasing NLU Models without Degrading the In distribution Performance
Venue: ACL
Year: 2020

Models for natural language understanding (NLU) tasks often rely on the idiosyncratic biases of the dataset, which make them brittle against test cases outside the training distribution. Recently, several proposed debiasing methods are shown to be very effective in improving out of distribution performance. However, their improvements come at the expense of performance drop when models are evaluated on the in distribution data, which contain examples with higher diversity. This seemingly inevitable trade off may not tell us much about the changes in the reasoning and understanding capabilities of the resulting models on broader types of examples beyond the small subset represented in the out of distribution data. In this paper, we address this trade off by introducing a novel debiasing method, called confidence regularization, which discourage models from exploiting biases while enabling them to receive enough incentive to learn from all the training examples. We evaluate our method on three NLU tasks and show that, in contrast to its predecessors, it improves the performance on out of distribution datasets (e.g. 7pp gain on HANS dataset) while maintaining the original in distribution accuracy.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT OWNER'S COMMUNICATION AND DOMAIN EXPERTISE ON PROJECT SUCCESS IN AGILE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS
Year: 2019

There are different strategies that have helped to increase the success rate of the project managers, but the question remains whether the domain expertise and the communication of the product owners can increase the success rate of the projects. The present paper takes a case of agile product development projects and has empirically tested the relationship between the communication and product owner domain expertise with the success of the project. A significant relationship was observed between the dependent and the independent variables. It is essential to understand the agile methodology framework because continuous changing environment requires a complete understanding of the agile framework. Customer satisfaction and projects completed within time and budget are used as the project success characteristics. Proper training is required for the project managers to shift towards agile framework because when working on large or complex projects, in depth knowledge about the agile framework is required, and it is vital to enhance the project managers understanding before working on large projects.
Pulmonary surfactant itself must be a strong defender against SARS CoV 2
Venue: Medical Hypotheses
Year: 2020

Pulmonary surfactant is considered to be one of the soaps. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) and the other enveloped viruses become very weak against surfactant. The SARS virus binds to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor and causes pneumonia. In the lung, the ACE2 receptor sits on the top of lung cells known as alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells. These cells play an important role in producing surfactant. Pulmonary surfactant is believed to regulate the alveolar surface tension in mammalian lungs. To our knowledge, AE2 cells are believed to act as immunoregulatory cells; however, pulmonary surfactant itself has not been believed to act as a defender against the enveloped viruses. This study hypothesises that pulmonary surfactant may be a strong defender of enveloped viruses. Therefore, old coronaviruses merely cause pneumonia. On the contrary, new SARS CoV 2 can suppress the production of surfactant that binds to the ACE2 of AE2 cells. The coronavirus can survive in the lung tissue because of the exhaustion of pulmonary surfactant.