nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the competition between heterotrophic denitrification and DNRA using the resource ratio theory
Year: 2019

Denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) are two microbial processes competing for nitrate and organic carbon (COD) Their competition has great implications for nitrogen loss, conservation, and greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the governing factors for this competition is still lacking. We applied the resource ratio theory and verified it with competition experiments of denitrification and DNRA reported in the literature. Based on this theory, we revealed how COD/N ratio, influent resource concentrations, dilution rate, and stoichiometric and kinetic parameters individually and collectively define the boundaries for different competition outcomes in continuous cultures. The influent COD/N ratio alone did not drive competition outcome as the boundary COD/N ratio for different competition outcomes changed significantly with influent resource concentrations. The stoichiometry of the two processes was determinative for the boundaries, whereas the affinity for the resources (Ks) maximum specific growth rate (mmax) of the two species and the dilution rate had significant impacts as well but mainly at low influent resource concentrations (e.g. <100 mM nitrate) The proposed approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the parameters controlling microbial selection and explains apparently conflicting experimental results. The results from this model also provide testable hypotheses and tools for understanding and managing the fate of nitrate in ecosystems and for other species that compete for two resources.
Starting a Hedge Fund in Asia
Year: 2016

There are many initial considerations discussed in this chapter including where you want to launch your fund (e.g. Hong Kong? Singapore? as well as the pros and cons of whether you should launch your own business or join a platform. Some of the key hires that need to be made are discussed, including the Chief Operating Officer. You need to put together a business plan and budget and focus on raising capital, including deciding who are your likely Day 1 investors as well as considering if you should take a seed deal. Finding an appropriate name and brand for your business requires some attention as well and is discussed in this chapter.
Quick and Easy Time Series Generation with Established Image based GANs
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

In the recent years Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated significant progress in generating authentic looking data. In this work we introduce our simple method to exploit the advancements in well established image based GANs to synthesise single channel time series data. We implement Wasserstein GANs (WGANs) with gradient penalty due to their stability in training to synthesise three different types of data; sinusoidal data, photoplethysmograph (PPG) data and electrocardiograph (ECG) data. The length of the returned time series data is limited only by the image resolution, we use an image size of 64x64 pixels which yields 4096 data points. We present both visual and quantitative evidence that our novel method can successfully generate time series data using image based GANs.
Generation by Inverting a Semantic Parser that Uses Statistical Machine Translation
Venue: NAACL
Year: 2007

This paper explores the use of statistical machine translation (SMT) methods for tactical natural language generation. We present results on using phrase based SMT for learning to map meaning representations to natural language. Improved results are obtained by inverting a semantic parser that uses SMT methods to map sentences into meaning representations. Finally, we show that hybridizing these two approaches results in still more accurate generation systems. Automatic and human evaluation of generated sentences are presented across two domains and four languages.
Plastic fats and margarines through fractionation, blending and interesterification of milk fat
Year: 2007

Milk fat stearins and oleins were blended with high and low melting natural fats to produce plastic fats, vanaspati substitute and confectionery fats. Margarines of improved nutritional value were also formulated. Fractionation was carried out using acetone, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol. The yield (wt of high melting stearin (HMS) from acetone and IPA was 13.0 0.2 to 13.3 0.1 after crystallization for 24 h at 20 degC. The melting point of the products was 49.0 0.5 to 49.8 0.6 degC. However, in hexane the yield of HMS was 12.2 0.2% at 10 degC. The olein fractions were further fractionated at 10 degC from acetone and IPA, and at 0 degC from hexane, to obtain superoleins and low melting stearins (LMS) HMS fractions were blended with rice bran oil and cottonseed oil at the ratio 70 30 (wt/wt) and the superoleins were blended with sal fat and palm stearin at the ratios 40 60, 30 70 and 20 80 (wt/wt) The blends were interesterified (product melting point: 22.7 0.04 to 39.3 0.10 degC) chemically and enzymatically to prepare margarine. The penetration values (in 0.1 mm) of these margarines were noted to be 112 1.52 to 145 0.00.
To look or not to look: A hierarchical representation for visual planning on mobile robots
Venue: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
Year: 2011

Mobile robots are increasingly being used in real world applications due to the ready availability of high fidelity sensors and the development of sophisticated information processing algorithms. However, one key challenge to the widespread deployment of mobile robots equipped with multiple sensors and processing algorithms is the ability to autonomously tailor sensing and information processing to the task at hand. This paper poses this challenge as the task of planning under uncertainty, and more specifically as an instance of probabilistic sequential decision making. A novel hierarchy of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is incorporated, which uses constrained convolutional policies and automatic belief propagation to achieve efficient and reliable operation on mobile robots. All algorithms are implemented and evaluated on simulated and physical robot platforms for the task of searching for target objects in dynamic indoor environments.
Diagnosis and Management of Female Pattern Hair Loss
Year: 2020

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common hair loss in post puberty female. Prevalence of this nonscarring alopecia increases with age. The etiology of FPHL is still unclear, but hormonal and genetic factors are associated with pathogenesis of FPHL. Hormonal factor in FPHL is not as strong as in male pattern hair loss (MPHL) Clinical manifestations of FPHL are characterized by nonscarring baldness with shortening anagen phases and miniaturization of hair follicles, predominantly occur at the vertex, middle, and frontal regions. Hair shedding occurs progressively. The diagnosis of FPHL is established based on clinically. Classification of FPHL is according to Ludwig's criteria. Current FDA approved FPHL therapy is topical minoxidil 2% hair transplantation, and low level laser therapy (LLLT) Anti androgen therapy still needs to be investigated further. The prognosis of FPHL is poor because the progressiveness continues with age. Long term treatment required for FPHL because it is a chronic residif disease. The treatment only prevents the progression of hair loss and does not cure.
Rice in health and nutrition
Year: 2014

Rice is a dietary staple foods and one of the most importand cereal crops, especially for people in Asia. The consumption of rice is associated with diabetes mellitus due to its high glycemic index. In other hand, some of rice components namely rice bran and rice bran oil contained some minor components which are reported to have some biological effects. Rice can be contaminated by some toxic elements such as arsenic and mercury coming from water and land in which it grows. Besides, some mycotoxins and mould can be present in rice. Therefore, some goverments control rice available in their market. Rice bran will produce rice bran oil and defatted rice bran. Defatted rice bran component consist a number of polysaccharide and dietary fiber that support in cancer and cardiovascular diet therapy. This reviews will cover some new research information on rice, rice bran and rice bran oil, especially in the biological activities and nutritional aspects to human. Such biological activities which are related to rice and its products are decreasing low density lipoprotein level, lowering cholesterol, reducing blood pressure and preventing colorectal cancer.
Rational Design of Thiolated Polyenes as Trifunctional Raman Reporter Molecules in SERS Nanotags for Cytokine Detection in a Lateral Flow Assay.
Venue: Journal of biophotonics
Year: 2020

The characteristic vibrational spectroscopic fingerprint of Raman reporter molecules adsorbed on noble metal nanoparticles is employed for the identification of target proteins by the corresponding SERS nanotag labeled antibodies. Here, we present the modular synthesis of thiolated polyenes with two to five C=C double bonds introduced via stepwise Wittig reactions. The experimental characterization of their electronic and vibrational properties is complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Highly SERS active nanotags are generated by using the thiolated polyenes as Raman reporter molecules in Au/Au core/satellite supraparticles with multiple hot spots. The cytokines IL 1b and IFN g are detected in a duplex SERS based lateral flow assay (LFA) on a nitrocellulose test strip by Raman microscopy. The thiolated polyenes are suitable for use in immuno SERS (iSERS) applications such as point of care testing (POCT) as well as cellular and tissue imaging. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Detector response artefacts in spectral reconstruction
Venue: Optical Engineering Applications
Year: 2017

Energy resolved detectors are gaining traction as a tool to achieve better material contrast. K edge imaging and tomography is an example of a method with high potential that has evolved on the capabilities of photon counting energy dispersive detectors. Border security is also beginning to see instruments taking advantage of energy resolved detectors. The progress of the field is halted by the limitations of the detectors. The limitations include nonlinear response for both x ray intensity and x ray spectrum. In this work we investigate how the physical interactions in the energy dispersive detectors affect the quality of the reconstruction and how corrections restore the quality. We have modeled detector responses for the primary detrimental effects occurring in the detector; escape peaks, charge sharing/loss and pileup. The effect of the change in the measured spectra is evaluated based on the artefacts occurring in the reconstructed images. We also evaluate the effect of a correction algorithm for reducing these artefacts on experimental data acquired with a setup using Multix ME 100 V 2 line detector modules. The artefacts were seen to introduce 20% deviation in the reconstructed attenuation coefficient for the uncorrected detector. We performed tomography experiments on samples with various materials interesting for security applications and found the SSIM to increase 5% below 60keV. Our work shows that effective corrections schemes are necessary for the accurate material classification in security application promised by the advent of high flux detectors for spectral tomography
Pneumococcal carriage among children after four years of routine 10 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in Brazil: The emergence of multidrug resistant serotype 6C.
Venue: Vaccine
Year: 2017

In 2010, the 10 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced free of charge in Brazil as part of the public immunization program. Here we investigated the carriage prevalence, colonization risk factors, capsular types, and antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates obtained from children in Brazil four years after routine PCV10 use.  Between September and December 2014, we conducted a cross sectional study among children<6years old who attended one public and two private clinics in Niteroi, RJ, Brazil to evaluate pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage. Antimicrobial susceptibility and capsular types were determined for all isolates.  Of 522 children, 118 (22.6% were pneumococcal carriers. Being>=2years old, attending childcare center, presenting with any symptoms, having acute or chronic respiratory disease, and residing in a slum were associated with pneumococcal carriage. The most prevalent capsular types were 6C (14.5% 15B/C (11.5% 11A/D (9.2% and 6A (7.6% PCV10 serotypes represented 2.5% All isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, rifampicin, and vancomycin. Penicillin non susceptible pneumococci (PNSP) comprised 39% with penicillin and ceftriaxone MICs ranging from 0.12 8.0mg/ml and 0.012 1.0mg/ml, respectively. The 33 (28% erythromycin resistant isolates (MICs of 1.5 to >256mg/ml) displayed the cMLSB (72.7% or M (27.3% phenotypes, harboring the erm(B) and/or mef(A/E) genes. High non susceptibility rates >20% to clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline were largely explained by the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) serotype 6C isolates.  Effects of universal childhood PCV10 use on carriage were evident, with the near elimination of PCV10 serotypes. The emergence of MDR serotype 6C isolates, however, is a concern. Ongoing surveillance to monitor serotype 6C increase in invasive diseases is warranted.
Proposal for an Enhanced Physical Education Program in the Primary School: Evaluation of Feasibility and Effectiveness in Improving Physical Skills and Fitness.
Venue: Journal of physical activity health
Year: 2016

A large proportion of children do not reach the recommended levels of physical activity for health. A quasiexperimental study with nonrandom assignment was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a school based physical education intervention aimed at increasing the levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) METHODS Ten classes from 4 primary schools, including 241 children aged 8 to 10 years, were recruited. The experimental group (n 97) received 4 additional sessions/week of 60 minutes of MVPA for 8 months. The control group (n 135) continued their standard program (2 sessions of 50 minutes/week) Motor abilities (standing long jump, handgrip strength, Harre circuit, sit and reach) physical fitness (Yo Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1) anthropometric measures (body mass index, waist to height ratio) and self efficacy (Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children) were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention.  The experimental group significantly improved in the Harre circuit both in males (P .001) and females (P .01) whereas physical fitness test improved only in males (P .001) Males in the experimental group improved the perception of self efficacy in coordinative abilities (P .017)  The proposed school based MVPA program showed effectiveness and feasibility. The differences observed by gender highlight the need to use different strategies to increase the involvement of all the participants.
Les objets tombent ils tous de la meme maniere tomber et pada en francais et en polonais
Venue: Faits de Langues
Year: 2019

Les emplois du verbe tomber qui nous interessent dans cet article decrivent un mouvement reel de la cible, c'est a dire un changement de la position d'un element mobile dans l'espace en fonction du temps, mouvement que Langacker (1987) appelle mouvement objectif et qu'il oppose a un mouvement subjectif, se referant a la situation ou une entite, en realite statique, est conceptualisee subjectivement par l'enonciateur comme si elle etait en mouvement. Talmy (2000) nomme ce deuxieme type de mouvement fictif et Descles (1999, 2001) mouvement cinematique virtuel. Nous appelons cible un objet a localiser qui se deplace par rapport a un site objet localisateur, point de repere grace auquel est fixee la situation de la cible (d'apres Vandeloise 1986, Laur 1993, Borillo 1998) L'objet est pour nous, comme pour Borillo, une entite concrete qui occupe une place ou une position dans l'espace. Cependant, nous en excluons, a l'instar d'Aurnague et al. (1997) les substances, c'est a dire des entites massives. Le schema semantico syntaxique evoque dans le titre se refere a divers emplois de tomber, dont certains ne seront pas pris en compte dans la presente analyse. Il s'agit d'un choix delibere, la quantite d'exemples que l'on devrait prendre en consideration etant trop grande (pour une analyse plus ample, voir Cholewa 2017) Ainsi, nous ecartons les emplois qui decrivent le mouvement virtuel (par exemple, Ses epaules tombent (LVF) ou Le versant sud, donc, tombe vraiment a pic, sur la Seine (F) En effet, la cible ne change pas dans ce cas de lieu, c'est le regard de l'enonciateur/ observateur qui se deplace, la ligne du deplacement se caracterisant d'une certaine verticalite. La distinction entre objets et substances permet d'eloigner aussi les exemples comme La neige tombe (LVF) ou le sujet est une entite massive. Nous ecartons egalement l'emploi qui ne conceptualise pas le deplacement selon l'axe vertical, mais la perte de contact de la cible avec un site infere, par exemple Les cheveux tombent, ils sont malades (LVF) ainsi que celui qui appartient au groupe des emplois abstraits de tomber, par exemple, Le mur tombe (LVF) Le trait semantique de base est dans ce cas le mouvement a polarite negative, conceptualise comme une desagregation la cible est une entite integrale avant le changement, et ne fait plus l'union a la fin de celui ci. Enfin, nous excluons l'emploi ou N0 est une entite appartenant a la classe des parties du corps, comme dans l'exemple Mes paupieres tombent (F)
Development And Evaluation of WEEG: A Wearable 8 Channel Systemfor Brain Computer Interfaces
Year: 2017

Research grade Electroencephalogram (EEG) instruments offer the brain's electrical activity recording with high accuracy and a wide range of functionalities. Due to rigorous component requirements, these devices are usually expensive and elaborate. Recent advancements in electronic enable smaller designs to achieve comparable measurement results with similar functions such as impedance measurement. In this paper, we present the design of WEEG A Wearable 8 channel System EEG recording device with integrated hardware and software interface. The circuit board which is smaller than a credit card size contains a power management system, an ADS1299 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) to capture brainwaves and a microcontroller to handle a part of digital processing tasks. It communicates with a host computer via Bluetooth/Serial. Extensive evaluations were deployed to evaluate the performance of WEEG. We compared the signal quality of WEEG to that of the Biosemi Active Two a conventional high quality EEG recording system. Results came out comparable, indicating a high accurate recording of the proposed system. Also, Steady State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) based game was devised. The high performance of users in the game suggests usage of our device in a wider range of Brain Computer Interface applications.
Environment Adaptive Localization Method Using Wi Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy
Venue: Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Year: 2018

Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based fingerprinting techniques for indoor positioning can be readily implemented via a wireless access point. These methods have therefore been widely studied in the field of positioning. However, fingerprinting suffers low accuracy of positioning on account of high noise occurrences which are caused by other wireless communication signals and environmental factors when the RSSI is received, and by relatively high errors on account of low position resolution compared to other methods such as time of flight and inertial navigation technology. In this paper, a modified fingerprint algorithm based on Wi Fi and Bluetooth low energy applied to the log distance path loss model is proposed to remove unnecessary Wi Fi data, and produce the AP database that can be updated depending on the changes of the ambient environment as the indoor area is increasingly complicated and extended. Instead of using the existing fingerprinting techniques of consulting signal strengths as factors that are stored in a database, the proposed algorithm employs environmental variables to which the log distance path loss model is applied. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has higher position resolution than existing fingerprint and can improve the accuracy of positioning because of its low dependence on reference points. To minimize database and eliminate inaccurate AP signals, the Hausdorff distance algorithm and median filter are applied. Using a database in which environment variables are stored, the results are inversely transformed into the log distance path loss model for expression as coordinates. The proposed algorithm was compared with existing fingerprinting methods. The experimental results demonstrated the reduction of positioning improvement by 0.695 m from 2.758 to 2.063 m.
Robust Adaptive Coverage Control for Robotic Sensor Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems
Year: 2017

This paper presents a distributed control algorithm to drive a group of robots to spread out over an environment and provide adaptive sensor coverage of that environment. The robots use an online learning mechanism to estimate the areas in the environment that require more concentrated sensor coverage, while simultaneously providing this coverage. The algorithm differs from previous approaches in that both provable robustness is emphasized in the learning mechanism, and decentralization over a communication network is emphasized in the control. To achieve a provable bound on the learning error, the robots explore the environment to gather sufficient data. They then switch to a Voronoi based coverage controller to position themselves for sensing. Robots coordinate their learning, control, and mode switching in a fully distributed fashion over their mesh network. It is proved that the robots approximate the weighting function with a known bounded error, and that they converge to locations that are locally optimal for sensing. Simulations and multiple experiments with six iRobot Create robots are presented to illustrate the performance of the method.
Zero Shot Neural Machine Translation: Russian Hindi @LoResMT 2020
Venue: LORESMT
Year: 2020

Neural machine translation (NMT) is a widely accepted approach in the machine translation (MT) community, translating from one natural language to another natural language. Although, NMT shows remarkable performance in both high and low resource languages, it needs sufficient training corpus. The availability of a parallel corpus in low resource language pairs is one of the challenging tasks in MT. To mitigate this issue, NMT attempts to utilize a monolingual corpus to get better at translation for low resource language pairs. Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2020) organized shared tasks of low resource language pair translation using zero shot NMT. Here, the parallel corpus is not used and only monolingual corpora is allowed. We have participated in the same shared task with our team name CNLP NITS for the Russian Hindi language pair. We have used masked sequence to sequence pre training for language generation (MASS) with only monolingual corpus following the unsupervised NMT architecture. The evaluated results are declared at the LoResMT 2020 shared task, which reports that our system achieves the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score of 0.59, precision score of 3.43, recall score of 5.48, F measure score of 4.22, and rank based intuitive bilingual evaluation score (RIBES) of 0.180147 in Russian to Hindi translation. And for Hindi to Russian translation, we have achieved BLEU, precision, recall, F measure, and RIBES score of 1.11, 4.72, 4.41, 4.56, and 0.026842 respectively.