nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Web Queries with Question Intent
Venue: WWW
Year: 2016

Vertical selection is the task of predicting relevant verticals for a Web query so as to enrich the Web search results with complementary vertical results. We investigate a novel variant of this task, where the goal is to detect queries with a question intent. Specifically, we address queries for which the user would like an answer with a human touch. We call these CQA intent queries, since answers to them are typically found in community question answering (CQA) sites. A typical approach in vertical selection is using a vertical's specific language model of relevant queries and computing the query likelihood for each vertical as a selective criterion. This works quite well for many domains like Shopping, Local and Travel. Yet, we claim that queries with CQA intent are harder to distinguish by modeling content alone, since they cover many different topics. We propose to also take the structure of queries into consideration, reasoning that queries with question intent have quite a different structure than other queries. We present a supervised classification scheme, random forest over word clusters for variable length texts, which can model the query structure. Our experiments show that it substantially improves classification performance in the CQA intent selection task compared to content oriented based classification, especially as query length grows.
5G security: Analysis of threats and solutions
Venue: 2017 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)
Year: 2017

5G will provide broadband access everywhere, entertain higher user mobility, and enable connectivity of massive number of devices (e.g. Internet of Things (IoT) in an ultrareliable and affordable way. The main technological enablers such as cloud computing, Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are maturing towards their use in 5G. However, there are pressing security challenges in these technologies besides the growing concerns for user privacy. In this paper, we provide an overview of the security challenges in these technologies and the issues of privacy in 5G. Furthermore, we present security solutions to these challenges and future directions for secure 5G systems.
Agony and Ecstasy in the Gig Economy: Cultivating Holding Environments for Precarious and Personalized Work Identities
Year: 2019

Building on an inductive, qualitative study of independent workers people not affiliated with an organization or established profession this paper develops a theory about the management of precarious and personalized work identities. We find that in the absence of organizational or professional membership, workers experience stark emotional tensions encompassing both the anxiety and fulfillment of working in precarious and personal conditions. Lacking the holding environment provided by an organization, the workers we studied endeavored to create one for themselves through cultivating connections to routines, places, people, and a broader purpose. These personal holding environments helped them manage the broad range of emotions stirred up by their precarious working lives and focus on producing work that let them define, express, and develop their selves. Thus holding environments transformed workers' precariousness into a tolerable and even generative predicament. By clarifying the process through which people manage emotions associated with precarious and personalized work identities, and thereby render their work identities viable and their selves vital, this paper advances theorizing on the emotional underpinnings of identity work and the systems psychodynamics of independent work.
Impact of an accidental explosion in Tianjin Port on enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition over the Bohai Sea inferred from aerosol nitrate dual isotopes
Venue: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters
Year: 2019

In recent years, emergent pollutant's accidents have occurred frequently in China, causing serious harm to the ecological environment. In this study, the impact of an accidental fire and explosion at Tianjin Port in 2015 on the atmosphere over the Bohai Sea was explored. Results showed sharp increases in the concentrations of several important components of fine particulate matter (e.g. NO3 SO4 2 NH4 organic carbon, elemental carbon) over Beihuangcheng Island after the explosion. Among them, NO3 was most affected (about 10 days) with a maximum concentration of 16.45 mg m 3. The d15N NO3 ranged from 1.58%0 to +8.74%0, with an average of +2.79%0 3.32%0. Influenced by the explosion, d15N NO3 decreased significantly, which was in accordance with the industrial processes of explosives. The d18O NO3 varied between +49.40%0 and +69.52%0, and showed a marked increase +66.62%0 3.92%0) in the explosion affected period. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the *OH pathway for NO3 formation was 51.79% 10.94% at that time much lower than in the regular period. The elevated dry deposition of NO3 caused by the explosion was 266.08 mmol N m 2 d 1 over the Bohai Sea again, much higher than in the regular period. With the dry nitrogen deposition of NH4 (42.41 mmol N m 2 d 1) the total nitrogen deposition increased by 308.49 mmol N m 2 d 1, leading to severe ecological risk. Through the inverse computation of the dry deposition flux of NO3 the affected area over the Bohai Sea was less than 1.42 x 104 km2, which is about 20% of the total area.
Estimating 3D L5/S1 moments and ground reaction forces during trunk bending using a full body ambulatory inertial motion capture system.
Venue: Journal of biomechanics
Year: 2016

Inertial motion capture (IMC) systems have become increasingly popular for ambulatory movement analysis. However, few studies have attempted to use these measurement techniques to estimate kinetic variables, such as joint moments and ground reaction forces (GRFs) Therefore, we investigated the performance of a full body ambulatory IMC system in estimating 3D L5/S1 moments and GRFs during symmetric, asymmetric and fast trunk bending, performed by nine male participants. Using an ambulatory IMC system (Xsens/MVN) L5/S1 moments were estimated based on the upper body segment kinematics using a top down inverse dynamics analysis, and GRFs were estimated based on full body segment accelerations. As a reference, a laboratory measurement system was utilized: GRFs were measured with Kistler force plates (FPs) and L5/S1 moments were calculated using a bottom up inverse dynamics model based on FP data and lower body kinematics measured with an optical motion capture system (OMC) Correspondence between the OMC+FP and IMC systems was quantified by calculating root mean square errors (RMSerrors) of moment/force time series and the interclass correlation (ICC) of the absolute peak moments/forces. Averaged over subjects, L5/S1 moment RMSerrors remained below 10Nm (about 5% of the peak extension moment) and 3D GRF RMSerrors remained below 20N (about 2% of the peak vertical force) ICCs were high for the peak L5/S1 extension moment (0.971) and vertical GRF (0.998) Due to lower amplitudes, smaller ICCs were found for the peak asymmetric L5/S1 moments (0.690 0.781) and horizontal GRFs (0.559 0.948) In conclusion, close correspondence was found between the ambulatory IMC based and laboratory based estimates of back load.
Single cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines
Venue: Experimental Molecular Medicine
Year: 2018

Rapid progress in the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in recent years has provided many valuable insights into complex biological systems, ranging from cancer genomics to diverse microbial communities. NGS based technologies for genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics are now increasingly focused on the characterization of individual cells. These single cell analyses will allow researchers to uncover new and potentially unexpected biological discoveries relative to traditional profiling methods that assess bulk populations. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) for example, can reveal complex and rare cell populations, uncover regulatory relationships between genes, and track the trajectories of distinct cell lineages in development. In this review, we will focus on technical challenges in single cell isolation and library preparation and on computational analysis pipelines available for analyzing scRNA seq data. Further technical improvements at the level of molecular and cell biology and in available bioinformatics tools will greatly facilitate both the basic science and medical applications of these sequencing technologies.Genetic data: Zooming in on single cellsShowing which genes are expressed, or switched on, in individual cells may help to reveal the first signs of disease. Each cell in an organism contains the same genetic information, but cell type and behavior depend on which genes are expressed. Previously, researchers could only sequence cells in batches, averaging the results, but technological improvements now allow sequencing of the genes expressed in an individual cell, known as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) Ji Hyun Lee (Kyung Hee University, Seoul) and Duhee Bang and Byungjin Hwang (Yonsei University, Seoul) have reviewed the available scRNA seq technologies and the strategies available to analyze the large quantities of data produced. They conclude that scRNA seq will impact both basic and medical science, from illuminating drug resistance in cancer to revealing the complex pathways of cell differentiation during development.
Comparative chemical composition and bioactivity of leaves essential oils from nine Sicilian accessions of Myrtus communis L.
Venue: Journal of Essential Oil Research
Year: 2019

In this study, the essential oils obtained from the leaves of Myrtus communis L. stored in a collection orchard located at the experimental station 'Orleans' of the Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences of the University of Palermo (Italy) were investigated. The essential oils, analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of a pinene, 1,8 cineole, linalool, limonene and myrtenyl acetate as dominant constituents. The neuroprotective effects of M. communis essential oils were investigated by analysing the antioxidant properties and cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) inhibitory activity. Essential oils from Scopello accession possessed a promising radical scavenging potential with IC50 values of 71.4 and 75.9 mg/mL for EO1 and EO2, respectively. Essential oil from Monte Pellegrino (EO5) showed the highest cholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 96.0 and 87.9 mg/mL for AChE and BChE, respectively. Significant result was obtained also with EO1 against the BChE (IC50 of 77.8 mg/mL) Data on essential oil together with antioxidant effects were used as variables to set a matrix for statistical analysis. Results suggest that M. communis leaves EO could be potentially used in pharmaceutical field.
SPECTRE: A Fast and Scalable Cryptocurrency Protocol
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2016

A growing body of research on Bitcoin and other permissionless cryptocurrencies that utilize Nakamoto's blockchain has shown that they do not easily scale to process a high throughput of transactions, or to quickly approve individual transactions; blocks must be kept small, and their creation rates must be kept low in order to allow nodes to reach consensus securely. As of today, Bitcoin processes a mere 3 7 transactions per second, and transaction confirmation takes at least several minutes. We present SPECTRE, a new protocol for the consensus core of crypto currencies that remains secure even under high throughput and fast confirmation times. At any throughput, SPECTRE is resilient to attackers with up to 50% of the computational power (up until the limit defined by network congestion and bandwidth constraints) SPECTRE can operate at high block creation rates, which implies that its transactions confirm in mere seconds (limited mostly by the round trip time in the network) Key to SPECTRE's achievements is the fact that it satisfies weaker properties than classic consensus requires. In the conventional paradigm, the order between any two transactions must be decided and agreed upon by all non corrupt nodes. In contrast, SPECTRE only satisfies this with respect to transactions performed by honest users. We observe that in the context of money, two conflicting payments that are published concurrently could only have been created by a dishonest user, hence we can afford to delay the acceptance of such transactions without harming the usability of the system. Our framework formalizes this weaker set of requirements for a crypto currency's distributed ledger. We then provide a formal proof that SPECTRE satisfies these requirements.
U bent fiber optic SPR sensor based on graphene/AgNPs
Year: 2017

We present a U bent fiber optic SPR sensor based on the graphene/AgNPs, combined the virtues of graphene, AgNPs and U bent fiber. By changing the laser induced time, we achieved the optimal time for the deposition of AgNPs. With the proposed graphene/AgNPs U bent fiber optic sensor, we discussed and investigated the SPR behaviors. The shifts up to 32 and 16 nm are observed respectively for the detection of 90% aqueous ethanol and 20% aqueous glucose, corresponding refractive index (RI) 1.3657 and 1.3557. The sensitivity of this proposed is calculated as 1198 nm/RIU and the response and recovery time of this U bent fiber optic sensor are respectively 3 s and 80 s. These experimental results indicate that our proposed graphene/AgNPs U bent fiber optic sensor will be expected to open new avenue for the detection in the field of medicine, biotechnology and food safety.
An in situ method to evaluate the waviness of rounded cutting edge of diamond tool
Year: 2019

An in situ measurement system is established to measure the waviness of rounded cutting edge of diamond tool, into which a capacitive linear variable differential transformer (CLVDT) sensor and a diamond rectangular pyramid probe with an end line length of less than 1.2 mm are integrated. To accurately fit the short arc cutting edge, a random statistics enhanced least square circle method is further proposed. Moreover, the rotation error of the air shaft of the planetary lapping machine is measured with consideration of error separation. Finally, in situ measurements are carried out by using the established method to acquire the cutting edge waviness of a newly shaped diamond tool, and off line measurements are also performed on a surface profiler to verify the in situ acquired data. The results validate that the proposed in situ method is effective to evaluate the cutting edge waviness accurately.
Efficient speaker search over large populations using kernelized locality sensitive hashing
Venue: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Year: 2012

We propose a novel method of efficiently searching very large populations of speakers, tens of thousands or more, using an utterance comparison model proposed in a previous work. The model allows much more efficient comparison of utterances compared to the traditional Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) based approach because of its computational simplicity while maintaining high accuracy. Furthermore, efficiency can be drastically improved when approximating searches using kernelized locality sensitive hashing (KLSH) From a speaker's utterance, a set of statistics are extracted according to the utterance comparison model and converted to a set of hash key bits.
Salidroside and Curcumin Formula Prevents Liver Injury in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats.
Venue: Annals of hepatology
Year: 2018

Salidroside and curcumin (SC) formula could alleviate lipid deposition in high fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) However, the mechanisms are still unknown, and the magnitude of potential therapeutic benefit remains understudied.  The rats were treated with high fat diet for 14 weeks to induce NAFLD. The experiment was divided into control, model (NAFLD) SC formula and rosiglitazone groups (n 7 in each group) Hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining was applied to detect liver morphological changes. Biochemical, metabolic indices and inflammation factors in liver tissue and serum were detected. Additionally, the activities of related enzymes were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.  In the established rat model, typical lipid deposition and liver steatosis were observed. Liver triglyceride, free fatty acids, sera alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were elevated in model group. Liver malondialdehyde was significantly elevated, while superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in model group, compared with control. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor a and Interleukin 1 were significantly prod uced in model group, compared with control. As a mechanism, high fat diet decreased tissue AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylated AMPK, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and increased inacetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) phosphorylated ACCase. Importantly, these abnormal changes caused by high fat diet were reduced by SC formula administration.  SC formula could ameliorate the injury caused by high fat diet. The effect was likely mediated via its influence on insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation injury and AMPK signaling pathway.
Incorporation of dietary fibre rich oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju) powder improves postprandial glycaemic response by interfering with starch granule structure and starch digestibility of biscuit.
Venue: Food chemistry
Year: 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Pleurotus sajor caju (PSC) powder addition at 0, 4, 8 and 12% levels on the nutritional values, pasting properties, thermal characteristics, microstructure, in vitro starch digestibility, in vivo glycaemic index (GI) and sensorial properties of biscuits. Elevated incorporation levels of PSC powder increased the dietary fibre (DF) content and reduced the pasting viscosities and starch gelatinisation enthalpy value of biscuits. The addition of DF rich PSC powder also interfered with the integrity of the starch granules by reducing the sizes and inducing the uneven spherical shapes of the starch granules, which, in turn, resulted in reduced starch susceptibility to digestive enzymes. The restriction starch hydrolysis rate markedly reduced the GI of biscuits. The incorporation of 8% PSC powder in biscuits (GI=49) could be an effective way of developing a nutritious and low GI biscuit without jeopardizing its desirable sensorial properties.
IPOs, Institutional Complexity, and Management Accounting in Hybrid Organisations: A Field Study in a State Owned Enterprise in China
Year: 2016

An initial public offering (IPO) is an important milestone for an organisation. In addition to pressures from capital markets unavoidably imposed onto newly listed firms, other beliefs, rationales, and prescriptions deriving from the institutional environment where they operate may prevail and guide organisational practices. Drawing on the perspective of institutional logics, this paper investigates the implementation of management accounting (MA) within firms that face multiple institutional demands following an IPO. By studying a Chinese state owned enterprise (SOE) that was recently listed, this paper demonstrates that the interplay of multiple logics, including State, corporate, and capital market logics, shapes the manner in which MA operates. This study also reveals that different MA practices tend to encompass institutional demands in diverse ways and to varying degrees. However, regardless of whether MA practices are implemented to simply respond to plural institutional expectations, connect different organising principles, or balance elements of multiple logics, they function as hybrid practices, helping to maintain the hybrid nature of the firm as a 'listed SOE' This study makes two main contributions. First, it extends the literature on IPOs by providing an in depth analysis of how MA is implemented and why it functions in particular ways in firms following an IPO, and by exploring the influences of a wider set of beliefs, rationales, and expectations on the MA practices of newly listed companies. Second, by drawing on the perspective of institutional logics, this paper extends prior research addressing the dynamics between institutional complexity and MA adoption by individual organisations and enriches our understanding of how hybrid organisations may maintain their hybridity through the deployment of MA practices.
Premenstrual syndrome: A mini review.
Venue: Maturitas
Year: 2015

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by recurrent, moderate to severe affective, physical, and behavioral symptoms that develop during the luteal menstrual cycle and disappear within a few days of menstruation. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling condition that can affect personal relationships and occupational activities. PMS occurs in 30 40% of reproductive age females; PMDD affects 3 8% of this population. Although the etiology of PMS is unclear, several theories suggest increased sensitivity to normal hormonal changes and neurotransmitter abnormalities. The diagnostic method of PMS is the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, which women with PMS can use to self report several symptoms and their severity. Although combined oral contraceptives and serotonergic antidepressants are effective drugs, each is a different option for treating PMS/PMDD. Serotonergic antidepressants are the drugs of choice for improving both physical and mood symptoms. Combined oral contraceptives appear to primarily improve physical symptoms. Clinicians should consider each patient's situation individually. Other treatment options include lifestyle modification, cognitive behavioral therapy, and herbal medicine (e.g. chasteberry)
Furin instructed molecular self assembly actuates endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis for cancer therapy.
Venue: Nanoscale
Year: 2020

Protein quality control and proteostasis are essential to maintain cell survival as once disordered, they will trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and even initiate apoptosis. Severe ER stress mediated apoptosis is the cause of neurodegenerative diseases and expected to be a new target for cancer therapy. In this study, we designed a small molecule of 1 Nap to execute furin instructed molecular self assembly for selectively inhibiting the growth of MDA MB 468 cells in vitro and in vivo. According to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and HPLC tracing analysis, 1 Nap is capable of self assembling upon furin instructed cleavage that transforms 1 Nap nanoparticles to 1 Nap nanofibers. Fluorescence imaging and Western blot analysis results indicate that the furin instructed self assembly of 1 Nap rather than its ER targeting interaction is indispensable for the ER stress and activation of apoptosis. The furin instructed self assembly of 1 Nap is associated with both the ER (1 Nap's targeting location) and the trans Golgi network (furin's location) this inspired us to reasonably believe that the blocking of ER to Golgi traffic in the secretory pathway by molecular self assembly may be the intrinsic motivation for controlling cell fate. This work provides a new way for the targeted disturbance of the proteostasis of cells through molecular self assembly for developing cancer therapeutics.