nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation of the effect of coating material on tool wear in micro milling of Inconel 718 super alloy
Year: 2013

In this study, milling of the 718 nickel super alloy in micro conditions and the effect of coating material on tool wear are investigated. Within this context, coated and uncoated WC Co micro milling tools were used for cutting experiments under dry and lubricated (minimum quantity lubrication, MQL) conditions. Tool wear occurred on the micro end mill, and the change in radius of the cutting tool and the side edge radius were determined in accordance with the processed slot geometry. The results obtained showed that the cutting tools coated with AlTiN, TiAlN+AlCrN, and AlCrN displayed better performances compared to those coated with TiAlN+WC/C and DLC. In addition, DLC and TiAlN+WC/C coated tools showed better performance against built up edge (BUE) formation. Furthermore, the MQL method used during the cutting process significantly reduced the decrease in the radius.
A 3D porous indium(III) coordination polymer involving in situ ligand synthesis
Year: 2009

The hydrothermal reaction of In3+ and 1,2,4 benzenetricarboxylic acid with the presence of piperazine leads to the generation of a novel 3D porous coordination polymer, [H3O][In2(btc)(bdc)(OH)2]*5.5H2O (1) (btc=1,2,4 benzenetricarboxylate, bdc=1,4 benzenedicarboxylate) Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbca with a=16.216(7) A, b=13.437(6) A, c=31.277(14) A, and Z=8. It is interesting to find that the in situ decarboxylation reaction of 1,2,4 benzenetricarboxylate (btc) partially transformed into 1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (bdc) occurs. The 16 indium(III) centers were linked by four btc, four bdc and two m2 OH ligands to form a box girder. The adjacent box girders are further connected by the bdc and btc ligands to generate a novel porous metal organic framework containing nanotubular open channel with a cross section of approximately 11.5x11.3 A2. The micropores are occupied by lattice water molecules, and the solvent accessible volume of the unit cell was estimated to be 3658.6 A3, which is approximately 53.7% of the unit cell volume (6815.4 A3)
Epicardial adipose tissue: a review of physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical applications.
Venue: Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi AKD the Anatolian journal of cardiology
Year: 2013

Visceral fat tissue is an important predictor of cardio metabolic diseases, carrying more risk than general fat accumulation. Epicardial fat, a particular form of visceral fat deposited around the heart, is considered an important cardiovascular risk predictor, in view of producing and releasing several adipo cytokines. There is growing evidence about the physiological and metabolic importance of epicardial fat. Epicardial fat thickness and volume have both strong correlation between obesity, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat can be assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. In this article, we reviewed the anatomy, physiology, function, and the methods of assessment of epicardial fat tissue. We also have tried to discuss its relationship to metabolic syndrome and coronary atherosclerosis in the lights of recent findings.
Active cooling of a mobile phone handset
Year: 2010

Power dissipation levels in mobile phones continue to increase due to gaming, higher power applications, and increased functionality associated with the internet. The current cooling methodologies of natural convection and radiation limit the power dissipation within a mobile phone to between 1 2 W depending on size. As power dissipation levels increase, products such as mobile phones will require active cooling to ensure that the devices operate within an acceptable temperature envelop from both user comfort and reliability perspectives. In this paper, we focus on the applied thermal engineering problem of an active cooling solution within a typical mobile phone architecture by implementing a custom centrifugal fan within the mobile phone. Its performance is compared in terms of flow rates and pressure drops, allowable phone heat dissipation and maximum phone surface temperature as this is the user constraint for a variety of simulated PCB architectures in the mobile phone. Perforated plates with varying porosity through different size orifices are used to simulate these architectures. The results show that the power level dissipated by a phone for a constant surface temperature may be increased by ~50 75% depending on pressure drop induced by the internal phone architecture. Hence for successful implementation and efficient utilization of active cooling will require chip layout to be considered at the design stage.
Shapley Method for Cost Allocation Research in Cold Chain Logistics Joint Distribution Alliance
Year: 2017

At present, China's cold chain logistics distribution is facing the problems of high corruption rate, unreasonable resources' allocation and high distribution costs, etc. In order to meet the customers' cold chain distribution demands of high frequency, small quantity and various types, the paper firstly studies the status of cold chain logistics distribution of domestic and abroad, and then constructs the cost allocation model of cold chain logistics joint distribution alliance from the perspective of cooperative game, taking the Shapley value as the core tool to calculate the marginal contribution rate of each participant. Finally, with P city as an example, the distribution cost of the alliance is assessed, according to marginal contribution rate. Experimental results show the proposed method is more fair and reasonable in allocation scheme. It can provide one reference plan for improving the stability of the cold chain logistics joint distribution alliance.
Testing for herding in the cryptocurrency market
Year: 2020

The study investigates whether herding behavior is present in the rapidly emerging cryptocurrency market. By analyzing daily data from major cryptocurrencies during the period August 2015 to December 2018, we find evidence that investors in the cryptocurrency market act irrationally and imitate other's decisions with no reference to their own beliefs. Furthermore, our empirical results provide evidence that the up events market dispersion follows market movements at a faster pace compared to the down events. Thus, cryptocurrencies show a behavior where they tend to move in tandem, which does not necessarily reflect their fundamentals.
Training Effects of the FIFA 11+ Kids on Physical Performance in Youth Football Players: A Randomized Control Trial
Venue: Front. Pediatr.
Year: 2018

To analyze the training effects of the FIFA 11+ kids on several parameters of physical performance in male youth football players.  Twenty three youth players were randomized within each team into two groups (control vs. intervention) The intervention group performed the FIFA 11+ kids programme 2 times a week for 4 weeks; the control groups completed their normal warm up routines. Thirteen physical performance measures {range of motion (hip, knee, and ankle joints) dynamic postural control (measured throughout the Y balance test) 20 m sprint time, slalom dribble with a ball, agility, vertical jumping height [counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) horizontal jump distance, accuracy when volleying a ball [measured throughout the Wall Volley test] were assessed. All physical performance parameters were compared via magnitude based inference analysis.  Significant between group differences in favor of the FIFA 11+ players were found for dynamic postural control {anterior [mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) 1 cm, from 1.6 to 3.5 cm] and posteromedial (mean and 90% CI 5.1 cm, from 1.8 to 12 cm) and posterolateral (mean and 90% CI 4.8 cm, from 0.6 to 9.0 cm) distances} agility run (mean and 90% CI 0.5 s, from 0.9 to 0 s) vertical jump height [CMJ (mean and 90% CI 3.1 cm, from 0.2 to 6.1 cm) and DJ (mean and 90% CI 1.7 cm, from 0.5 to 3.9 cm) and horizontal jump distance (mean and 90% CI 2.5 cm, from 8 to 15 cm) The control groups showed better performance in 20 m sprint time (mean and 90% CI 0.05 s, from 0.11 to 0.07) and wall volley tests (mean and 90% CI 0.2, from 0.2 to 0.6) compared to the intervention group.  The main findings of this study suggest that just 4 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+ kids produces improved physical performance compared with traditional warm up routines in youth soccer players.
Patterns of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in relation to productivity in China's terrestrial ecosystems
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018

Estimates of nutrient allocation in different plant tissues and the relationships between the nutrient contents and photosynthetic capacity are critical to predicting ecosystem carbon sequestration under global change. Here, we provide an assessment of large scale patterns of community level nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in different plant tissues and then examine how nutrient allocations are coupled with plant productivity. The results show that nutrient concentrations in leaves are less responsive to abiotic environments than those in woody stems and roots (stable leaf nutrient concentration hypothesis) the relationships between vegetation primary productivity and leaf nutrient contents are stronger when less nutrients are allocated to the woody tissues (productivity nutrient allocation hypothesis) and are stronger in deciduous than in evergreen vegetation (productivity leaf lifespan hypothesis) Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content regulate productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimates of the allocation of N and P content in plant tissues and the relationship between nutrient content and photosynthetic capacity are critical to predicting future ecosystem C sequestration under global change. In this study, by investigating the nutrient concentrations of plant leaves, stems, and roots across China's terrestrial biomes, we document large scale patterns of community level concentrations of C, N, and P. We also examine the possible correlation between nutrient content and plant production as indicated by vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) The nationally averaged community concentrations of C, N, and P were 436.8, 14.14, and 1.11 mg*g 1 for leaves; 448.3, 3.04 and 0.31 mg*g 1 for stems; and 418.2, 4.85, and 0.47 mg*g 1 for roots, respectively. The nationally averaged leaf N and P productivity was 249.5 g C GPP*g 1 N*y 1 and 3,157.9 g C GPP*g 1 P*y 1, respectively. The N and P concentrations in stems and roots were generally more sensitive to the abiotic environment than those in leaves. There were strong power law relationships between N (or P) content in different tissues for all biomes, which were closely coupled with vegetation GPP. These findings not only provide key parameters to develop empirical models to scale the responses of plants to global change from a single tissue to the whole community but also offer large scale evidence of biome dependent regulation of C sequestration by nutrients.
Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalization and Mortality in Patients With COVID 19 in New York City
Venue: JAMA network open
Year: 2020

Do outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) differ by race/ethnicity, and are observed disparities associated with comorbidity and neighborhood characteristics?  This cohort study including 9722 patients found that Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than White patients to test positive for COVID 19. Among patients hospitalized with COVID 19 infection, Black patients were less likely than White patients to have severe illness and to die or be discharged to hospice. Meaning Although Black patients were more likely than White patients to test positive for COVID 19, after hospitalization they had lower mortality, suggesting that neighborhood characteristics may explain the disproportionately higher out of hospital COVID 19 mortality among Black individuals.
Moral dilemmas in self driving cars
Year: 2020

Autonomous driving systems promise important changes for future of transport, primarily through the reduction of road accidents. However, ethical concerns, in particular, two central issues, will be key to their successful development. First, situations of risk that involve inevitable harm to passengers and/or bystanders, in which some individuals must be sacrificed for the benefit of others. Secondly, and identification responsible parties and liabilities in the event of an accident. Our work addresses the first of these ethical problems. We are interested in investigating how humans respond to critical situations and what reactions they consider to be morally right or at least preferable to others. Our experimental approach relies on the trolley dilemma and knowledge gained from previous research on this. More specifically, our main purpose was to test the difference between what human drivers actually decide to do in an emergency situations whilst driving a realistic simulator and the moral choices they make when they pause to consider what they would do in the same situation and to better understand why these choices may differs.  Self driving Cars; Trolley Problem; Moral Choices; Moral Responsibility; Virtual Reality Dilemmi morali nelle automobili a guida autonoma Riassunto: I sistemi di guida autonomi promettono importanti cambiamenti per il futuro dei trasporti, principalmente attraverso la riduzione degli incidenti stradali. Tuttavia, vi sono preoccupazioni etiche, in particolare due questioni centrali, fondamentali per il loro sviluppo. In primo luogo, le situazioni di rischio che comportano inevitabili danni ai passeggeri e/o ai pedoni, ovvero situazioni in cui alcune persone devono essere sacrificate a beneficio di altri. In secondo luogo, l'identificazione delle parti responsabili in caso di incidente. Il nostro lavoro affronta il primo di questi problemi etici. Siamo interessati a studiare come gli umani rispondono a situazioni critiche e quali reazioni considerano moralmente giuste o almeno preferibili. Il nostro approccio sperimentale si basa sul trolley problem e sulle conoscenze acquisite da precedenti ricerche su questo ambito. Piu specificamente, il nostro scopo principale e quello di testare la differenza tra cio che i conducenti umani decidono effettivamente di fare in una situazione di emergenza, mentre guidano un simulatore realistico, e le scelte morali che compiono se posti nella stessa situazione e hanno la possibilita di decidere senza limiti di tempo. Lo scopo e inoltre comprendere come e perche queste scelte possono differire. Parole chiave: Automobili a guida autonoma; Trolley problem; Scelte morali; Responsabilita morale, Realta virtuale
Span wise coherence of fluctuating forces on twin bridge decks and the turbulence effect
Venue: Advances in Structural Engineering
Year: 2019

Unlike the adequate researches on a single box girder, the understanding of span wise force correlation on twin decks is limited. A sectional model pressure testing of a widely slotted twin box girder has been carried out in the background of a 5000 m long bridge. Three grid configurations separated the effect of turbulence intensity and integral scale. Seven test sections were set on the model with totally 532 pressure taps. After the correction of pressure distortion, the correlation coefficients and integral scales of forces were compared on the leeward and the windward decks. Root coherence of lift was analyzed in detail at several separation distances. Pressure signals were used to explain why force coherence is stronger than flow and why "low frequency curve" phenomenon occurs. Considering the shortage of existing expressions, a simple but efficient form was proposed which can fit the coherence on the leeward, the windward, and the whole decks. The parameters in different flows can be reconstructed by linear functions which benefits new model's application. In the final, the influences of turbulence intensity and integral scale on force coherence were illustrated.
Spatial Pyramid Pooling in Deep Convolutional Networks for Visual Recognition
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Year: 2015

Existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require a fixed size (e.g. 224<inline formula><tex math>\times$ /tex math><alternatives><inline graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="he ieq1 2389824.gif"/alternatives>/inline formula>224) input image. This requirement is "artificial" and may reduce the recognition accuracy for the images or sub images of an arbitrary size/scale. In this work, we equip the networks with another pooling strategy, "spatial pyramid pooling" to eliminate the above requirement. The new network structure, called SPP net, can generate a fixed length representation regardless of image size/scale. Pyramid pooling is also robust to object deformations. With these advantages, SPP net should in general improve all CNN based image classification methods. On the ImageNet 2012 dataset, we demonstrate that SPP net boosts the accuracy of a variety of CNN architectures despite their different designs. On the Pascal VOC 2007 and Caltech101 datasets, SPP net achieves state of the art classification results using a single full image representation and no fine tuning. The power of SPP net is also significant in object detection. Using SPP net, we compute the feature maps from the entire image only once, and then pool features in arbitrary regions (sub images) to generate fixed length representations for training the detectors. This method avoids repeatedly computing the convolutional features. In processing test images, our method is 24 102 <inline formula><tex math>\times$/tex math><alternatives><inline graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="he ieq2 2389824.gif" /alternatives>/inline formula> faster than the R CNN method, while achieving better or comparable accuracy on Pascal VOC 2007. In ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) 2014, our methods rank #2 in object detection and #3 in image classification among all 38 teams. This manuscript also introduces the improvement made for this competition.
The Pursuit Of Social Welfare: Citizen Claim Making in Rural India
Year: 2018

Who makes claims on the state for social welfare, and how and why do they do so? This article examines these dynamics in the rural Indian context, observing that citizens living in the same local communities differ dramatically in their approaches to the state. The author develops a theory to explain these varied patterns of action and inaction, arguing that citizen claim making is best understood as a product of exposure to people and places beyond the immediate community and locality. This social and spatial exposure builds citizens' encounters with, knowledge of, and linkages to the state. This in turn develops their aspirations toward the state and their capabilities for state targeted action. The author tests the theory in rural Rajasthan, drawing on a combination of original survey data and qualitative interviews. She finds that those who traverse boundaries of caste, neighborhood, and village are more likely to make claims on the state, and that they do so through broader repertoires of action than those who are more constrained by the same boundaries. The article concludes by considering the extensions and limitations of the theory and the role of the state itself in establishing the terrain for citizen action.
Improving Urban Students' College Readiness as a Driver of High School Curriculum Enhancement
Year: 2013

Many factors inhibit college completion by African American high school graduates who come from low socio economic backgrounds. Some factors are "cognitive," while others can be classified as "non cognitive." Variables in the latter classification are examined in this study conducted at an urban high school in the Midwest with an African American student population five times the national average, and in a city with a median income well below that of the nation. An instrument designed and validated to predict success of impoverished minority students in college was administered to over 200 students at this school. This paper outlines the connection between findings and specific curricular plans put forth by high school and district staff, assisted by two researchers from an area public university, as a way to prioritize the school resources aligned with non cognitive variables leading to curriculum enhancement and successful student transition to college.
Experiencia de educacion continua en linea en gastroenterologia para medicos no especialistas
Venue: Revista medica de Chile
Year: 2019

Continuing education is essential for health professions and online courses can be a good way for professional development.  To describe the experience with online courses for continuing education in hepatology and gastroenterology and to analyze their educational impact.  A three years' experience in courses on liver diseases and digestive tract is described. Their curricular design, methodology, and the educational impact was analyzed using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick's model.  On average, there were 321 students per course (2015 2017) 94% were Chilean and 6% from abroad (20 countries) In the educational impact analysis, in level 1 "reaction" 93% said that the course fulfilled their expectations and 92% would recommend it. In level 2 "learning" 42% approved the courses. Level 3 "behavior" was not evaluated and level 4 "organizational change" highlighted that the traditional face to face continuing education model of Chilean Gastroenterology Society (SChG) changed to full distance model in these three courses, with 1284 students from South America, Asia and Europe, in a 3 years period. Additionally, these programs were included in the Medical Society of Santiago (SMS) continuing education agenda.  The alliance between the SMS and the SChG generated on line courses that meet the educational needs of physicians and medical students, with excellent results and student perception.
The Security Council's Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Regime: "Essential Tool" or Increasing Liability for the UN's Counterterrorism Efforts?
Year: 2010

This article examines the UN Security Council's 1267 counterterrorism sanctions regime. Initially adopted in 1999, this sanctions regime targets individuals and entities suspected of associating with Al Qaeda and/or the Taliban and it requires UN Member States to freeze their assets and implement travel bans. Central to the operation of the sanctions regime is a "Consolidated List," which is maintained by the so called 1267 Committee, a sub committee of the Security Council. This Committee possesses discretionary powers to list and de list targeted individuals and entities that have been criticized as incompatible with internationally recognized due process guarantees. Reviewing recent developments, including a landmark decision by the European Court of Justice, the article addresses the need for additional safeguards and discusses reform options available to the Security Council. It examines the most recent reform efforts introduced by Security Council resolution 1904 (2009) and argues that a comprehensive review and reform of the 1267 sanctions is crucial if the regime is to provide an "essential tool" in the UN counterterrorism efforts.