nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The genetic relationship between cannabis and tobacco cigarette use in European and African American female twins and siblings.
Venue: Drug and alcohol dependence
Year: 2016

Use of cigarettes and cannabis frequently co occurs. We examine the role of genetic and environmental influences on variation in and covariation between tobacco cigarette and cannabis use across European American (EA) and African American (AA) women.  Data on lifetime cannabis and cigarette use were drawn from interviews of 956 AA and 3557 EA young adult female twins and non twin same sex female full siblings. Twin modeling was used to decompose variance in and covariance between cigarette and cannabis use into additive genetic, shared, special twin and non shared environmental sources.  Cigarette use was more common in EAs (75.3% 95% C.I. 73.8 76.7% than AAs (64.2% 95% C.I. 61.2 67.2% while cannabis use was marginally more commonly reported by AAs (55.5% 95% C.I. 52.5 58.8% than EAs (52.4% 95% C.I. 50.7 54.0% Additive genetic factors were responsible for 43 66% of the variance in cigarette and cannabis use. Broad shared environmental factors (shared+special twin) played a more significant role in EA (23 29% than AA (2 15% women. In AA women, the influence of non shared environment was more pronounced (42 45% vs. 11 19% in EA women) There was strong evidence for the same familial influences underlying use of both substances (rA=0.82 0.89; rC+T=0.70 0.75) Non shared environmental factors were also correlated but less so (rE=0.48 0.66) No racial/ethnic differences were apparent in these sources of covariation.  Heritability of cigarette and cannabis use is comparable across racial/ethnic groups. Differences in the contribution of shared and non shared environmental influences indicate that different factors may shape substance use in EA and AA women.
Topological Vector Spaces
Year: 2018

In the 1930s and 1940s, after the publication of the book by S. Banach, the mathematical community might have been forgiven for thinking that functional analysis would henceforth essentially be set in stone, given the natural framework provided by normed vector spaces (and their completions: Banach spaces) But the holomorphic functions on an open set in the complex plane are just one example of a topogical vector space that is non normable despite having the structure of a Frechet Montel space. The general theory of topological vector spaces was outlined by A. Kolmogorov and J. von Neumann in 1935, then completed in 1945 1946 by the fundamental contributions of G. Mackey on locally convex spaces. The significance of these generalizations became clear with the advent of distribution theory, developed by L. Schwartz between 1945 and 1950 following precursory work by S. Sobolev and S. Bochner; this new theory propelled a previously unheard of type of topological vector space into the spotlight. Dieudonne and Schwartz showed in an article published in 1949 that these spaces are in fact strict inductive limits of Frechet spaces. The groundwork for this article had been laid by a summary published in 1942 by Dieudonne on duality in locally convex spaces, as well as the contributions by Mackey mentioned above. The article by Dieudonne Schwartz was completed in the early 1950s by A. Grothendieck: generalization of the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem, notions of a Schwartz space and of a nuclear space, and general theory of tensor products of topological vector spaces (which we sadly do not have the space to discuss here beyond a few basic ideas) Other generalizations of the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem can also be found in the literature, notably the ones derived by V. Ptak. For an overview of these results, readers can refer to (Volume II)
Effect of carbon on the microstructure, mechanical properties and metal ion release of Ni free Co Cr Mo alloys containing nitrogen.
Venue: Materials science engineering. C, Materials for biological applications
Year: 2015

This paper investigated the effect of carbon addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ni free biomedical Co 29Cr 6Mo (mass% alloys containing 0.2 mass% nitrogen. The release of metal ions by the alloys was preliminarily evaluated in an aqueous solution of 0.6% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 1% lactic acid, after which samples with different carbon contents were subjected to hot rolling. All specimens were found to primarily consist of a g phase matrix due to nitrogen doping, with only the volume fraction of M23C6 increasing with carbon concentration. Owing to the very fine size of these carbide particles (less than 1 mm) which results from fragmentation during hot rolling, the increased formation of M23C6 increased the 0.2% proof stress, but reduced the elongation to failure. Carbon addition also increased the amount of Co and Cr released during static immersion; Co and Cr concentrations at the surfaces, which increased with increasing the bulk carbon concentrations, possibly enhanced the metal ion release. However, only a very small change in the Mo concentration was noticed in the solution. Therefore, it is not necessarily considered a suitable means of improving the strength of biomedical Co Cr Mo alloys, even though it has only to date been used in this alloy system. The results of this study revealed the limitations of the carbon strengthening and can aid in the design of biomedical Co Cr Mo based alloys that exhibit the high durability needed for their practical application.
La interdisciplinariedad en el proceso ensenanza aprendizaje de la asignatura Fundamentos de la Fisica Escolar I1
Year: 2018

RESUMEN La educacion superior tiene dentro de sus principales objetivos la formacion de un profesional capaz de resolver los principales problemas que enfrenta en su profesion, a partir de la adquisicion y demostracion de niveles de conocimientos y habilidades necesarios para su aplicacion en los diferentes sistemas productivos y de servicios con los cuales se vincula. En aras de formar un profesional cada dia mas competente, se concibe un curriculo que contribuye desde cada una de las asignaturas a la formacion integral de este futuro profesional. Pero los contenidos se imparten todavia aislados, entre otras razones, por la falta de preparacion del personal docente para concebir un proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje con enfoque interdisciplinario. Por ello, se propone una concepcion didactica como una via que facilite la solucion de este problema y contribuya a la formacion integral del licenciado en la carrera Matematica Fisica. Se presentan tareas interdisciplinarias con orientaciones metodologicas para su implementacion en el proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje de la asignatura Fundamentos de la Fisica Escolar I.
CSO: cross stratum optimization for optical as a service
Venue: IEEE Communications Magazine
Year: 2015

Data center interconnection with elastic optical networks is a promising scenario to meet the high burstiness and high bandwidth requirements of services. Many data center services require lower delay and higher availability with end to end guaranteed QoS, which involves both application and transport network resources. However, in the current mode of operation, the control of elastic optical networks and data centers is separately deployed. Enabling even limited interworking among these separated control systems requires the adoption of complex and inelastic interfaces among the various networks, and this solution is not efficient enough to provide the required QoS. In this article, we present a novel cross stratum optimization (CSO) architecture in elastic data center optical interconnection. The proposed architecture can allow global optimization and control across elastic optical transport network and data center application stratum heterogeneous resources to meet the QoS requirement with the objective of optical as a service (OaaS) The functional modules of CSO architecture, including the core elements of application and transport controllers, are described in detail. The cooperation procedure in CSO based service provisioning and cross stratum service resilience modes is investigated. The overall feasibility and efficiency of the proposed architecture is also experimentally demonstrated on our OaaS testbed with four OpenFlow enabled elastic optical nodes, and compared to MFA, ALB, and CSO DGLB service provisioning schemes in terms of path setup/release/adjustment latency, blocking probability, and resource occupation rate. Numerical results are given and analyzed based on the testbed. Some future discussion and exploration issues are presented in the conclusion.
Prevention of haemoglobin glycation by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) A new view on old mechanism
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2019

Diabetic hyperglycemia provokes glycation of haemoglobin (Hb) an abundant protein in red blood cells (RBCs) by increasing its exposure to carbohydrates. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; Aspirin) is one of the first agents, which its antiglycation effect was witnessed. Although the precise molecular mechanism of action of ASA on protein glycation is not indisputably perceived, acetylation as its main molecular mechanism has been proposed. This report aims to unravel the meticulous mechanism of action of ASA by using two ASA analogues; benzoic acid (BA) and para nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) despite their lack of acetyl group. In this regard, the inhibitory effect of these two chemicals in comparison with ASA on Hb fructation is reported. UV visible spectroscopy, intrinsic advanced glycation end products (AGE) fluorescence spectroscopy, extrinsic thioflavin T (ThT) binding fluorescence spectroscopy, 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBSA) assay, and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) were used to explore the effects of BA and NBA in comparison with aforementioned chemicals in the context of protein glycation. In spite of the lack of acetyl substitution, NBA is reported as a novel agent with prominent inhibitory efficacy than ASA on the protein glycation. This fact brings up a possible new mechanism of action of ASA and reconsiders acetylation as the sole mechanism of inhibition of protein glycation.
A controlled field experiment to investigate the deterioration of earthen heritage by wind and rain
Venue: Heritage Science
Year: 2019

Earthen heritage constitutes 10% of sites on the World Heritage List and many of these sites are experiencing extensive deterioration caused by environmental forces, such as wind and rain. This study used a well established test wall to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on the deterioration of earthen heritage at the remote and under studied site of Suoyang Ancient City, Gansu Province, China, which is exhibiting widespread deterioration. Test walls have previously been used in earthen heritage research as they allow controlled experiments to be undertaken on complex, realistic structures without risking damage or loss of value to the historic material. This study used portable wind and rain erosion simulation devices to investigate experimentally (i) the comparative effect of wind, sediment laden wind and wind driven rain in causing deterioration to earthen heritage and (ii) how the incipient deterioration features produced by wind, sediment laden wind and wind driven rain on the test wall relate to the deterioration features recorded on the historic city walls. The test wall was subjected to low, medium and high intensities of clean wind, sediment laden wind and wind driven rain. The extent of deterioration produced was measured using repeat, high resolution laser scans before and after each test run. The deterioration features caused by each environmental force were notably different with clean wind removing the loose surface material, sediment laden wind causing pitting and wind driven rain causing incipient gullying. These incipient features compare well with more developed features seen on the historic walls. Wind driven rain caused the greatest amount of deterioration while clean wind caused the least. However, as the frequency and duration of wind events at Suoyang is much greater than those of rain events, wind is likely to play an important role in the deterioration of earthen heritage over annual timescales. These findings show that conservation strategies at rammed earth sites like Suoyang need to address the impact of multiple environmental forces, such as clean wind, sediment laden wind and wind driven rain.
Aerodynamics in Low LEO: A Novel Approach to Modeling Air Density Based on IGS TEC Maps
Year: 2018

Here we present some theoretical aspects of the modeling of aerodynamic acceleration in the precise orbit determination of a LEO satellite. We have included this section because of the great importance of the role that aerodynamic drag plays in all gravity field missions, as they are typically placed in a very low LEO orbit. Thus, here we look at the geometrical properties of this effect. We show that the accuracy of the velocity in the calculation of the aerodynamic drag for a LEO satellite, in particular the velocity of thermospheric horizontal winds, is as important as the atmospheric density. We then give a geographical representation of the models used to calculate atmospheric density and thermospheric horizontal winds, with an emphasis on the GOCE (Sun synchronous) orbit, and compare this with the orbits of altimetry satellites in high LEO. In addition, we present the prospects of investigating atmospheric density and thermospheric winds using the GOCE mission at 220 250 km altitude. Models of neutral horizontal winds show that thermospheric winds mainly occur around the geomagnetic poles where they are driven by the perturbations in the geomagnetic field. The highest thermospheric wind velocities may be expected along the dawn dusk regions, and from that point of view, the GOCE orbit is the perfect candidate to provide unique information on the neutral horizontal winds in the lower thermosphere. Section 10.3 of this thesis triggered an ESA study that demonstrated the retrieval of thermospheric wind parameters from GOCE data. At the end of this section, we demonstrate a novel approach to calculating and predicting air density in the thermosphere based on the global TEC maps provided by IGS. This approach could be used to predict solar activity in an alternative way, independent of the number of Sun spots or the solar flux index at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7) We also show that information on the ionization of the thermospheric part of the ionosphere, as provided in IGS TEC maps, can be used to calculate the LEO mission duration (as was done for GOCE) This opens up new applications for the global IGS TEC maps in monitoring air density in the thermosphere, including spatial and temporal variations. In addition, we show that variations in air density driven by variations in solar activity (heating) are empirically proportional to the ionization of the ionosphere. Thermospheric density and TEC can be related by an empirical linear model as shown here.
The beginning of connectomics: a commentary on White et al. (1986) 'The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans'
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2015

The article 'Structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans' (aka 'The mind of a worm' by White et al. published for the first time the complete set of synaptic connections in the nervous system of an animal. The work was carried out as part of a programme to begin to understand how genes determine the structure of a nervous system and how a nervous system creates behaviour. It became a major stimulus to the field of C. elegans research, which has since contributed insights into all areas of biology. Twenty six years elapsed before developments, notably more powerful computers, made new studies of this kind possible. It is hoped that one day knowledge of synaptic structure, the connectome, together with results of many other investigations, will lead to an understanding of the human brain. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Litchi sports drink
Year: 2013

The invention relates to a litchi sports drink, and belongs to the technical field of juice processing. The litchi sports drink is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 5 10 parts of litchi juice, 1 5 parts of lemon juice, 1 5 parts of kiwi fruit juice, 1 10 parts of fructo oligosaccharide, 0.001 0.005 part of sucralose, 0.01 0.05 part of taurine, 0.02 0.05 part of sodium chloride, 0.01 0.03 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.01 0.05 part of potassium chloride and 60 90 parts of water. The sports drink has typical aroma of litchi, rich fruity flavor and moderate sweet and sour taste and can effectively alleviate the fatigue after sport, and enables people to quickly restore the physical strength after being drunk.
Robot Motion Planning on a Chip
Venue: Robotics: Science and Systems
Year: 2016

We describe a process that constructs robot specific circuitry for motion planning, capable of generating motion plans approximately three orders of magnitude faster than existing methods. Our method is based on building collision detection circuits for a probabilistic roadmap. Collision detection for the roadmap edges is completely parallelized, so that the time to determine which edges are in collision is independent of the number of edges. We demonstrate planning using a 6 degreeof freedom robot arm in less than 1 millisecond.
PERBEDAAN ACTIVE CYCLE OF BREATHING TECHNIQUE (ACBT) DAN PURSED LIPS BREATHING TECHNIQUE (PLBT) TERHADAP FREKUENSI NAFAS PASIEN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIK (PPOK) DI POLI PARU RSUD DR. ACHMAD MUCHTAR BUKITTINGGI TAHUN 2018
Year: 2018

Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) adalah penyakit paru paru kronis yang ditandai dengan obstruksi atau obstruksi aliran udara di saluran napas progresif nonreversibel atau parsial reversibel. Manajemen keperawatan yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien PPOK adalah siklus aktif teknik pernafasan (ACBT) dan teknik menggerakkan bibir bibir (PLBT) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan teknik siklus pernafasan aktif (ACBT) dan teknik bibir mengembang bibir (PLBT) terhadap frekuensi pernafasan penderita PPOK di Poliklinik Paru Achmad Muchtar rumah sakit Bukittinggi 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan metode penelitian quasi experimental. menggunakan dua kelompok desain pre test post test. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 20 orang dengan teknik quota sampling. Dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada penurunan frekuensi pernafasan pada pasien PPOK setelah diberikan siklus aktif teknik pernapasan (ACBT) dan teknik menggerakkan bibir (PLBT) Berdasarkan hasil dari siklus aktif teknik pernapasan (ACBT) dan teknik bibir bernafas (PLBT) itu dihitung menurunnya angka untuk 3,69 dan 2,25 masing masing, untuk nilai 0,000 p. Disimpulkan bahwa teknik siklus pernafasan aktif (ACBT) dan teknik teknik pernapasan bibir (PLBT) dapat menurunkan frekuensi pernafasan pasien PPOK dimana latihan siklus aktif teknik pernapasan (ACBT) lebih berpengaruh untuk menurunkan frekuensi pernapasan. Selanjutnya, disarankan agar hasil penelitian ini dapat diterapkan oleh perawat di rumah sakit untuk mengurangi keluhan pasien sesak nafas
Brief Emotion Regulation Training Facilitates Arousal Control During Sexual Stimuli
Venue: Journal of sex research
Year: 2015

Disgust, a negative emotion which evokes strong behavioral avoidance tendencies, has been associated with sexual dysfunction. Recently, it was postulated that healthy sexual functioning requires a balance between excitatory (increased sexual arousal) and inhibitory processes (lowered disgust levels) This suggests that amplification of excitatory processes (like sexual arousal) could be a valuable addition to treatments for affect based sexual dysfunctions. The major aim of the present study was to establish whether up regulation could effectively enhance arousal levels during sexual stimuli, and whether such a training would simultaneously reduce disgust. Students (N 163, mean age 20.73 years, SD 2.35) were trained in up regulation of affect using either a sexual arousal film (i.e. female friendly erotic movie) or a threat arousal film clip (i.e. horror movie) while control groups viewed the films without training instructions. Following this, participants viewed and rated state emotions during a series of pictures (sexual, disgusting, or neutral) Up regulation of mood successfully enhanced general arousal in both groups, yet these arousal levels were not paralleled by reductions in disgust. Overall, the findings indicate that emotion regulation training by maximizing positive affect and general arousal could be an effective instrument to facilitate affect related disturbances in sexual dysfunctions.
Effects of Grip Width on Muscle Strength and Activation in the Lat Pull Down
Venue: Journal of strength and conditioning research
Year: 2014

Andersen, V, Fimland, MS, Wiik, E, Skoglund, A, and Saeterbakken, AH. Effects of grip width on muscle strength and activation in the lat pull down.  2014 The lat pull down is one of the most popular compound back exercises. Still, it is a general belief that a wider grip activates the latissimus dorsi more than a narrow one, but without any broad scientific support. The aim of the study was to compare 6 repetition maximum (6RM) load and electromyographic (EMG) activity in the lat pull down using 3 different pronated grip widths. Fifteen men performed 6RM in the lat pull down with narrow, medium, and wide grips (1, 1.5, and 2 times the biacromial distance) in a randomized and counterbalanced order. The 6RM strengths with narrow (80.3 7.2 kg) and medium grip (80 7.1 kg) were higher than wide grip (77.3 6.3 kg; p 0.02) There was similar EMG activation between grip widths for latissimus, trapezius, or infraspinatus, but a tendency for biceps brachii activation to be greater for medium vs. narrow (p 0.09) when the entire movement was analyzed. Analyzing the concentric phase separately revealed greater biceps brachii activation using the medium vs. narrow grip (p 0.03) In the eccentric phase, there was greater activation using wide vs. narrow grip for latissimus and infraspinatus (p 0.04) and tendencies for medium greater than narrow for latissimus, and medium greater than wide for biceps (both p 0.08) was observed. Collectively, a medium grip may have some minor advantages over small and wide grips; however, athletes and others engaged in resistance training can generally expect similar muscle activation which in turn should result in similar hypertrophy gains with a grip width that is 1 2 times the biacromial distance.