nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI STARTER KOTORAN SAPI, KOTORAN AYAM DAN CAMPURAN KULIT PISANG TERHADAP KUALITAS BAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS LIMBAH CAIR TAHU
Year: 2020

Permintaan bahan bakar fosil telah meningkat secara pesat. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif yaitu biogas. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai biogas adalah limbah cair tahu. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian terhadap kualitas bahan bakar biogas yang dihasilkan, yaitu; rasio C/N, nilai pH, suhu, volume, kandungan gas metana (CH 4 kandungan oksigen (O 2 kandungan hidrogen sulfida (H 2 S) dan kandungan karbon monoksida (CO) dengan variasi komposisi starter: 1) Kotoran sapi 50% limbah cair tahu 50% 2) Kotoran sapi 50% limbah cair tahu 47% kulit pisang 3% 3) Kotoran ayam 50% limbah cair tahu 50% Pengaruh variasi komposisi campuran starter pada pada 50% kotoran sapi 50% limbah cair tahu yang mengandung rasio C/N sebesar 8,884 mengalami peningkatan kualitas bahan bakar biogas ditandai dengan meningkatnya kandungan CH 4 sebesar 63% suhu sebesar 31,2 o C, volume sebesar 251,4 mL dan menurunnya kandungan H 2 S sebesar 7 ppm, CO sebesar 12 ppm, O 2 sebesar 17,4%
Genetic programming needs better benchmarks
Venue: GECCO '12
Year: 2012

Genetic programming (GP) is not a field noted for the rigor of its benchmarking. Some of its benchmark problems are popular purely through historical contingency, and they can be criticized as too easy or as providing misleading information concerning real world performance, but they persist largely because of inertia and the lack of good alternatives. Even where the problems themselves are impeccable, comparisons between studies are made more difficult by the lack of standardization. We argue that the definition of standard benchmarks is an essential step in the maturation of the field. We make several contributions towards this goal. We motivate the development of a benchmark suite and define its goals; we survey existing practice; we enumerate many candidate benchmarks; we report progress on reference implementations; and we set out a concrete plan for gathering feedback from the GP community that would, if adopted, lead to a standard set of benchmarks.
Efficacy of Tenapanor in Treating Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: A 12 Week, Placebo Controlled Phase 3 Trial (T3MPO 1)
Venue: The American journal of gastroenterology
Year: 2020

Tenapanor is a first in class, minimally absorbed, small molecule inhibitor of the gastrointestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3. This phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. for the treatment of patients with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS C)  In this phase 3, double blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02621892) patients with IBS C were randomized to tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. or placebo b.i.d. for 12 weeks followed by a 4 week randomized withdrawal period. The primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients who reported a reduction in average weekly worst abdominal pain of =30.0% and an increase of =1 complete spontaneous bowel movement from baseline, both in the same week, for =6 weeks of the 12 week treatment period.  Of the 629 randomized patients with IBS C, 606 (96.3% were included in the intention to treat analysis set (tenapanor: n 307; placebo: n 299) and 533 (84.7% completed the 12 week treatment period. In the intention to treat analysis set (mean age 45 years, 81.4% women) a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with tenapanor met the primary endpoint than patients treated with placebo (27.0% vs 18.7% P 0.020) Abdominal symptoms and global symptoms of IBS also improved with tenapanor (P 0.05 vs placebo) Diarrhea was the most commonly reported adverse event, resulting in study drug discontinuation in 6.5% and 0.7% of patients receiving tenapanor and placebo, respectively, during the 12 week treatment period.  Tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. improved IBS C symptoms and was generally well tolerated, offering a potential new treatment option for patients with IBS C.
Mean variance optimization using forward looking return estimates
Year: 2019

Despite its theoretical appeal, Markowitz mean variance portfolio optimization is plagued by practical issues. It is especially difficult to obtain reliable estimates of a stock's expected return. Recent research has therefore focused on minimum volatility portfolio optimization, which implicitly assumes that expected returns for all assets are equal. We argue that investors are better off using the implied cost of capital based on analysts' earnings forecasts as a forward looking return estimate. Correcting for predictable analyst forecast errors, we demonstrate that mean variance optimized portfolios based on these estimates outperform on both an absolute and a risk adjusted basis the minimum volatility portfolio as well as naive benchmarks, such as the value weighted and equally weighted market portfolio. The results continue to hold when extending the sample to international markets, using different methods for estimating the forward looking return, including transaction costs, and using different optimization constraints.
Patient specific modelling of head up tilt.
Venue: Mathematical medicine and biology a journal of the IMA
Year: 2014

Short term cardiovascular responses to head up tilt (HUT) involve complex cardiovascular regulation in order to maintain blood pressure at homoeostatic levels. This manuscript presents a patient specific model that uses heart rate as an input to fit the dynamic changes in arterial blood pressure data during HUT. The model contains five compartments representing arteries and veins in the upper and lower body of the systemic circulation, as well as the left ventricle facilitating pumping of the heart. A physiologically based submodel describes gravitational pooling of the blood into the lower extremities during HUT, and a cardiovascular regulation model adjusts cardiac contractility and vascular resistance to the blood pressure changes. Nominal parameter values are computed from patient specific data and literature estimates. The model is rendered patient specific via the use of parameter estimation techniques. This process involves sensitivity analysis, prediction of a subset of identifiable parameters, and non linear optimization. The approach proposed here was applied to the analysis of aortic and carotid HUT data from five healthy young subjects. Results showed that it is possible to identify a subset of model parameters that can be estimated allowing the model to fit changes in arterial blood pressure observed at the level of the carotid bifurcation. Moreover, the model estimates physiologically reasonable values for arterial and venous blood pressures, blood volumes and cardiac output for which data are not available.
Luminescent dipyrrin based metal complexes.
Venue: Dalton transactions
Year: 2013

While they may have been overshadowed by the brightness of their BODIPY analogues, dipyrrin based metal complexes have recently appeared as novel interesting luminescent species owing to the development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of such coordination compounds with appreciable quantum yields and tuneable emission wavelength. Not only the rigidification brought by functionalization of the dipyrrin backbone either at position 5 or positions 1 and 9, but also a careful choice of the ligands present in the complex coordination sphere have been key in these developments leading to bright and stable emitters. At position 5, equivalent to the meso position of a porphyrin, introduction of peripheral groups, such as the mesityl moiety hindering the rotational freedom of this unit, has been particularly targeted, hence limiting a favourable non radiative deactivation pathway. Regarding positions 1 and 9, their proximity to the metal center has prompted their use for the introduction of additional coordinating units, thus providing a pseudo macrocyclic character to the ligands. In this perspective article, the different types of modification of dipyrrin as well as the resulting metal complexes incorporating these derivatives, their photophysical properties and their applications in sensing and materials science are reviewed.
Model to Generate Benchmark Graphs Based on Evolution Dynamics
Venue: 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)
Year: 2018

The past decade has seen tremendous growth in the field of Complex Social Networks. Several network generation models have been extensively studied to develop an understanding of how real world networks evolve over time. Two important applications of these models are to study the evolution dynamics and processes that shape a network, and to generate benchmark networks with known community structures. Research has been conducted in both these directions, relatively independent of the other. This creates a disjunct between real world networks and the networks generated as benchmarks to study community detection algorithms. In this paper, we propose to study both these application areas together. We introduce a network generation model which is based on evolution dynamics of real world networks and, it can generate networks with community structures that can be used as benchmark graphs. We study the behaviour of different community detection algorithms based on the proposed model and compare it with other models to generate benchmark graphs. Results suggest that the proposed model can generate networks which are not only structurally similar to real world networks but can be used to generate networks with varying community sizes and topologies.
A feasibility study of using automated program repair for introductory programming assignments
Venue: ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE
Year: 2017

Despite the fact an intelligent tutoring system for programming (ITSP) education has long attracted interest, its widespread use has been hindered by the difficulty of generating personalized feedback automatically. Meanwhile, automated program repair (APR) is an emerging new technology that automatically fixes software bugs, and it has been shown that APR can fix the bugs of large real world software. In this paper, we study the feasibility of marrying intelligent programming tutoring and APR. We perform our feasibility study with four state of the art APR tools (GenProg, AE, Angelix, and Prophet) and 661 programs written by the students taking an introductory programming course. We found that when APR tools are used out of the box, only about 30% of the programs in our dataset are repaired. This low repair rate is largely due to the student programs often being significantly incorrect in contrast, professional software for which APR was successfully applied typically fails only a small portion of tests. To bridge this gap, we adopt in APR a new repair policy akin to the hint generation policy employed in the existing ITSP. This new repair policy admits partial repairs that address part of failing tests, which results in 84% improvement of repair rate. We also performed a user study with 263 novice students and 37 graders, and identified an understudied problem; while novice students do not seem to know how to effectively make use of generated repairs as hints, the graders do seem to gain benefits from repairs.
Dynamic Pricing for Privacy Preserving Mobile Crowdsensing: A Reinforcement Learning Approach
Venue: IEEE Network
Year: 2019

MCS is an emerging technology that exploits the enormous sensing power of widely used mobile devices to complete sensing tasks in a cost efficient manner. Among all outstanding issues of current MCS systems, the concern about a lack of privacy protection for the sensing data of participants has drawn increasing attention recently. Various privacy preserving MCS mechanisms have been proposed for the static scenario where users' privacy protection requirements remain unchanged. In practice, however, users' requirements for privacy protection can be time varying, which further complicates the design of privacy preserving MCS. In this article, we first give an overview of multiple promising approaches for privacy preserving MCS, based on which we make a first attempt to explore privacy preserving MCS in a dynamic scenario, which is cast as a Markov Decision Process. Specifically, we develop a reinforcement learning based approach, by which the platform can dynamically adapt its pricing policy catering to the varying privacy preserving levels of participating users. We further use a case study to evaluate the performance of our proposed approach.
Impak Interaksi antara Tamadun Terhadap Penggalian Semula Khazanah Lama Sains dalam Tamadun Islam [Impact of Interaction Between Civilizations on Re Digging of Old Scientific Treasures in The Islamic Civilization]
Year: 2020

Interaksi antara tamadun merupakan satu aktiviti yang lazim berlaku dalam perkembangan semua tamadun dunia. Tamadun Islam juga tidak terkecuali dalam berinteraksi dengan tamadun lain sepanjang perkembangannya. Interaksi yang berlaku memberikan impak kepada pelbagai aspek. Artikel ini menganalisis impak interaksi antara tamadun Islam dengan tamadun lain terhadap aktiviti penggalian khazanah lama sains dalam tamadun Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan interaksi antara tamadun dan impaknya terhadap penggalian khazanah lama sains. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggalian semula khazanah lama sains dalam tamadun Islam berlaku dengan rancak susulan daripada interaksi yang berlaku antara tamadun Islam dengan tamadun lain. Ia melibatkan penggalian semula khazanah lama sains daripada tamadun Yunani, tamadun Parsi dan juga tamadun India. Interaction between civilizations is an activity which frequently occurs in the development of all world civilizations. The Islamic civilization is no exception to interacting with other civilizations throughout its development. This interaction had impacted various aspects. This article analyses the impact of interaction between the Islamic and other civilizations on the activity of re digging old scientific treasures in the Islamic civilization. This research uses a document analysis approach to obtain data relating to interaction between civilizations and its impact on re digging of old scientific treasures. Research findings show that re digging of old scientific treasures in the Islamic civilization was vigorously pursued following interaction between the Islamic and other civilizations. It involved re digging of old scientific treasures of Greek, Persian and Indian civilizations.
The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services and the effects of grazing cessation in semi natural grasslands
Year: 2018

Land use change can affect biodiversity, and this has an impact on ecosystem services (ESs) but the relationships between biodiversity and ESs are complex and poorly understood. Biodiversity is declining due to the abandonment of extensively grazed semi natural grasslands. We therefore aim to explore relationships between biodiversity and ESs provided by extensively managed semi natural grasslands. Focusing on vascular plant species richness, as well as the ESs fodder quantity, quality, and stability, allergy control, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, pollination, and aesthetic appreciation, we carried out botanical field surveys of 28 paired extensively grazed and abandoned semi natural grassland plots, with four subplots of 4 m 2 in each plot. The management of the semi natural grasslands is and has been at low intensity. We calculated the influence of abandonment on the ES indicators, measured the correlation between the biodiversity measure of vascular plant species richness and ES indicators, and finally determined how the relationships between plant species richness and the ES indicators were affected by the cessation of the extensive management. ES indicators are often, but not always, positively correlated with species richness. Cessation of extensive grazing has both negative and positive effects on ES indicators but the relationships between species richness and ES indicators are often different in extensively managed and abandoned semi natural grasslands. The relationships between species richness and ES indicators are less pronounced in the extensively managed semi natural grassland than for the abandoned. One possible reason for this outcome is high functional redundancy in the extensively managed semi natural grasslands.
A Multi Temporal Landsat Data Analysis for Land use/Land cover Change in Haridwar Region using Remote Sensing Techniques
Year: 2020

change detection information is essential for monitoring, planning, decision making, and socio economic development. In the current study, multispectral Landsat 8 OLI, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery data has used in the Haridwar region for investigating the utility and possibility of remote sensing (RS) in LU/LC change assessment. After ensuring a ground survey with GPS, discussions with the individuals, and satisfactory literature review, it has been found that RS can play a vital character in assessing the timely temporary changes in LU/LC of the Haridwar region. The satellite data of the different years 1996, 2003, 2010 and 2017 downloaded from USGS Earth Explorer. The satellite images of the selected study areas are categorized into seven different land use classes, viz. orchards, vegetation, agricultural land, rangeland, urban land, water bodies, and watershed. The pixel based supervised classification method has performed 81.55% 86.86% 80.67% and 93.00% accuracy using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) The result of change detection of the LU/LC proved that the orchards area has been decreased very rapidly by 11806.65 ha (9.82% and converted permanently in urban and agricultural land due to urbanization and industrialization in Haridwar region from 1996 to 2017 year. While the remaining area of land use such as urban land, rangeland, and watershed have increased up to 3022.11 ha (2.51% 10088.82 ha (8.39% and 5191.47 ha (4.32% The vegetation land and water body have been decreasing since 1996 up to 12856.41 ha (10.70% and 802.63 ha (0.66% respectively in 21 years (1996 2017) The overall results presented by this research may be useful for orchard monitoring and socio economic development of the Haridwar region.
Point Set Anchors for Object Detection, Instance Segmentation and Pose Estimation
Venue: ECCV
Year: 2020

A recent approach for object detection and human pose estimation is to regress bounding boxes or human keypoints from a central point on the object or person. While this center point regression is simple and efficient, we argue that the image features extracted at a central point contain limited information for predicting distant keypoints or bounding box boundaries, due to object deformation and scale/orientation variation. To facilitate inference, we propose to instead perform regression from a set of points placed at more advantageous positions. This point set is arranged to reflect a good initialization for the given task, such as modes in the training data for pose estimation, which lie closer to the ground truth than the central point and provide more informative features for regression. As the utility of a point set depends on how well its scale, aspect ratio and rotation matches the target, we adopt the anchor box technique of sampling these transformations to generate additional point set candidates. We apply this proposed framework, called Point Set Anchors, to object detection, instance segmentation, and human pose estimation. Our results show that this general purpose approach can achieve performance competitive with state of the art methods for each of these tasks. Code is available at \url{this https URL}
How attention influences perceptual decision making: Single trial EEG correlates of drift diffusion model parameters.
Venue: Journal of mathematical psychology
Year: 2017

Perceptual decision making can be accounted for by drift diffusion models, a class of decision making models that assume a stochastic accumulation of evidence on each trial. Fitting response time and accuracy to a drift diffusion model produces evidence accumulation rate and non decision time parameter estimates that reflect cognitive processes. Our goal is to elucidate the effect of attention on visual decision making. In this study, we show that measures of attention obtained from simultaneous EEG recordings can explain per trial evidence accumulation rates and perceptual preprocessing times during a visual decision making task. Models assuming linear relationships between diffusion model parameters and EEG measures as external inputs were fit in a single step in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The EEG measures were features of the evoked potential (EP) to the onset of a masking noise and the onset of a task relevant signal stimulus. Single trial evoked EEG responses, P200s to the onsets of visual noise and N200s to the onsets of visual signal, explain single trial evidence accumulation and preprocessing times. Within trial evidence accumulation variance was not found to be influenced by attention to the signal or noise. Single trial measures of attention lead to better out of sample predictions of accuracy and correct reaction time distributions for individual subjects.
Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Venue: Stroke
Year: 2012

The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)  A formal literature search of MEDLINE (November 1, 2006, through May 1, 2010) was performed. Data were synthesized with the use of evidence tables. Writing group members met by teleconference to discuss data derived recommendations. The American Heart Association Stroke Council's Levels of Evidence grading algorithm was used to grade each recommendation. The guideline draft was reviewed by 7 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Leadership and Manuscript Oversight Committees. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated every 3 years.  Evidence based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with aSAH. The focus of the guideline was subdivided into incidence, risk factors, prevention, natural history and outcome, diagnosis, prevention of rebleeding, surgical and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms, systems of care, anesthetic management during repair, management of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, management of hydrocephalus, management of seizures, and management of medical complications. Conclusions aSAH is a serious medical condition in which outcome can be dramatically impacted by early, aggressive, expert care. The guidelines offer a framework for goal directed treatment of the patient with aSAH.
Technology Trend on the Increase of Biogas Production and Sludge Reduction in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Sludge Pre treatment Techniques
Year: 2014

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