nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Rank Embedding for Robust Image Feature Extraction.
Venue: IEEE transactions on image processing a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2017

Robustness to noises, outliers, and corruptions is an important issue in linear dimensionality reduction. Since the sample specific corruptions and outliers exist, the class special structure or the local geometric structure is destroyed, and thus, many existing methods, including the popular manifold learning based linear dimensionality methods, fail to achieve good performance in recognition tasks. In this paper, we focus on the unsupervised robust linear dimensionality reduction on corrupted data by introducing the robust low rank representation (LRR) Thus, a robust linear dimensionality reduction technique termed low rank embedding (LRE) is proposed in this paper, which provides a robust image representation to uncover the potential relationship among the images to reduce the negative influence from the occlusion and corruption so as to enhance the algorithm's robustness in image feature extraction. LRE searches the optimal LRR and optimal subspace simultaneously. The model of LRE can be solved by alternatively iterating the argument Lagrangian multiplier method and the eigendecomposition. The theoretical analysis, including convergence analysis and computational complexity, of the algorithms is presented. Experiments on some well known databases with different corruptions show that LRE is superior to the previous methods of feature extraction, and therefore, it indicates the robustness of the proposed method. The code of this paper can be downloaded from http:/www.scholat.com/laizhihui.
Enumerateblood an R package to estimate the cellular composition of whole blood from Affymetrix Gene ST gene expression profiles
Venue: BMC Genomics
Year: 2016

BackgroundMeasuring genome wide changes in transcript abundance in circulating peripheral whole blood is a useful way to study disease pathobiology and may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of disease, or discovery of useful disease biomarkers. The sensitivity and interpretability of analyses carried out in this complex tissue, however, are significantly affected by its dynamic cellular heterogeneity. It is therefore desirable to quantify this heterogeneity, either to account for it or to better model interactions that may be present between the abundance of certain transcripts, specific cell types and the indication under study. Accurate enumeration of the many component cell types that make up peripheral whole blood can further complicate the sample collection process, however, and result in additional costs. Many approaches have been developed to infer the composition of a sample from high dimensional transcriptomic and, more recently, epigenetic data. These approaches rely on the availability of isolated expression profiles for the cell types to be enumerated. These profiles are platform specific, suitable datasets are rare, and generating them is expensive. No such dataset exists on the Affymetrix Gene ST platform.ResultsWe present 'Enumerateblood' a freely available and open source R package that exposes a multi response Gaussian model capable of accurately predicting the composition of peripheral whole blood samples from Affymetrix Gene ST expression profiles, outperforming other current methods when applied to Gene ST data.Conclusions'Enumerateblood' significantly improves our ability to study disease pathobiology from whole blood gene expression assayed on the popular Affymetrix Gene ST platform by allowing a more complete study of the various components of this complex tissue without the need for additional data collection. Future use of the model may allow for novel insights to be generated from the ~400 Affymetrix Gene ST blood gene expression datasets currently available on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website.
Design Considerations for RNA Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs)
Venue: Bioconjugate chemistry
Year: 2016

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are key components in many cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, growth, aging, and death. RNA spherical nucleic acids (RNA SNAs) which consist of dense shells of double stranded RNA on nanoparticle surfaces, are powerful and promising therapeutic modalities because they confer advantages over linear RNA such as high cellular uptake and enhanced stability. Due to their three dimensional shell of oligonucleotides, SNAs, in comparison to linear nucleic acids, interact with the biological environment in unique ways. Herein, the modularity of the RNA SNA is used to systematically study structure function relationships in order to understand how the oligonucleotide shell affects interactions with a specific type of biological environment, namely, one that contains serum nucleases. We use a combination of experiment and theory to determine the key architectural properties (i.e. sequence, density, spacer moiety, and backfill molecule) that affect how RNA SNAs interact with serum nucleases. These data establish a set of design parameters for SNA architectures that are optimized in terms of stability.
Environmental impacts of solar energy systems: A review.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2020

The annual increases in global energy consumption, along with its environmental issues and concerns, are playing significant roles in the massive sustainable and renewable global transmission of energy. Solar energy systems have been grabbing most attention among all the other renewable energy systems throughout the last decade. However, even renewable energies can have some adverse environmental repercussions; therefore, further attention and proper precautional procedures should be given. This paper discusses in detail the environmental impacts of several commercial and emerging solar energy systems at both small and utility scales. The study expands to some of the related advances, as well as some of the essential elements in their systems. The approach follows all the stages, starting with the designs, then throughout their manufacturing, materials, construction or installation phases, and over operation lifetime and decommissioning. Specific solutions for most systems such as waste minimization and recycling are discussed, alongside with some technically and ecologically favorable recommendations for mitigating the impacts.
Mapeamento da hedonomia e das experiencias emocionais A percepcao do aluno no ensino superior sob a perspectiva do design emocional
Year: 2020

In the academic world, there is a conflict between business needs and academic needs, one in the short term and the other reaching medium and long term, even transcending the direct consumer student and reaching society. This conflict also includes the student's view as a user or as a consumer. Therefore, it was noticed that of the ten largest education groups in Brazil, nine of them analyze the student with tools or commercial perspectives, such as the NPS method (Net Promoter Score) Emotional design seeks a way of building more pleasurable experiences, with user centered actions that arouse more positive affections and moods. In view of this, the present thesis sought to explore different methods of emotional design for a more convergent mapping of higher education student experiences in the holistic view of this conflict and, thus, to have another perspective of student analysis. For this investigation, nine experiments were carried out, the first based on focus groups with 73 students seeking to understand hedonomic, three experiments using interviews and focus groups to analyze the academic experience (one with 44 students, another with 8 former students and another 10 with employees) an experiment to see the perceived quality with 69 students through SERVQUAL, the analysis of 7,692 NPS results from 65 undergraduate courses from 18 higher education institutions in one semester, and a five year macro analysis (124,378 comments) from 22 institutions in Brazil. After these analyzes and the understanding of the academic world from the perspective of students, alumni and collaborators, three experiments with statistical validation were carried out using the PANAS, BRUMS, SAM, Attrakdiff, Sentence Completion methods with 258 students, 81 alumni and 47 teachers looking for what the methods can approach about the students and which converges with an analysis that focuses more on emotional issues, helping with satisfaction, motivations and better emotional experiences. In the end, 595 interactions and 491 were interviewed, and the main result was what each method contributes, a suggestion of adapting the SAM to analyze academic stimuli in the face of students' emotions, and also resulted in the proposal of six academic pillars, being they: academic, teacher, student staff, infrastructure, service provision and institutional management. And in the mapping of the moods and affections of students, professor and undergraduate alumni, whose main subscale of humor is fatigue, vigor and tension, from a more positive perspective of affection, in addition to a contribution to the development of hedonomic, emotional design and higher education.
Chinese whispers: COVID 19, global supply chains in essential goods, and public policy
Venue: Journal of International Business Policy
Year: 2020

If taken at their word, senior policymakers in the major economic powers have drawn adverse conclusions concerning the performance of cross border supply chains during the first 6 months of the COVID 19 pandemic. That such supply chains often implicate China, the origin of the pandemic, has also led to claims that trading partners have become too dependent on Chinese supplies. This in turn has led to policy interventions designed to reconfigure supply chains, which if adopted broadly could revise the terms upon which international business operates. A critical evaluation of this policymaker assessment is presented, based on near time monitoring of medical and food trade disruption induced by government policy, on fine grained trade data on the pre pandemic international sourcing patterns of medical goods and medicines by France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, on statements from U.S. government health experts before and during the pandemic on the frequency and sources of medicine shortages, and on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's latest evidence on the causes of medicine shortages in 2020. Such evidence vitiates the adverse conclusions mentioned above, but raises important questions about the factors that determine policy towards international business during a time of intensifying geopolitical rivalry.
A Conceptual Model to Identify Vulnerable Undergraduate Learners at Higher Education Institutions
Venue: 2020 2nd International Multidisciplinary Information Technology and Engineering Conference (IMITEC)
Year: 2020

There is a growing concern around student attrition worldwide, including South African universities. More often than not, the reasons for students not completing their degree in the allocated time frame include academic reasons, socio pschyo factors, and lack of effective transition from the secondary education system to the tertiary education systems. To overcome these challenges, the tertiary educational institutions endeavor to implement interventions geared toward academic success. One of the challenges, however, is identifying the vulnerable students in a timely manner. This study therefore aims to predict student performance by using a learner attrition model so that the vulnerable students are identified early on in the academic year and are provided support through effective interventions, thereby impacting student success positively. Predictive machine learning methods, such as support vector machines, decision trees, and logistic regression, were trained to deduce the students into four risk profiles. A random forest outperformed other classifiers in predicting at risk student profiles with an accuracy of 85% kappa statistic of 0.7, and an AUC of 0.95. This research argues for a more complex view of predicting vulnerable learners by including the student's background, individual, and schooling attributes.
O Nascimento de uma (Falsa? Nacao no Seguimento do Desmenbramento da Urss. A Questao nao Resolvida dos Conflitos 'Congelados' Pos Sovieticos
Year: 2016

Este artigo analisa a situacao de alguns Estados (Abkhazia, Nagorno Karabakh, Ossetia do Sul e Transnistria) de facto independentes depois da dissolucao da URSS, que estao ha cerca de 25 anos no limbo, oscilando entre ser considerados 'Estados falsos' e recebendo o status legal internacional a que aspiram. Existe o problema de identificar os requisitos objetivos para o seu reconhecimento, em grande parte, que de outra forma parece apenas uma escolha discricionaria dos outros atores na comunidade internacional, com base em requisitos puramente politicos e interesses economicos. Num mundo feito de Estados, que sao os principais actores na cena internacional, como podem estas entidades obter a 'certificacao' de Estados soberanos de jure?
A single CRISPR base editor to induce simultaneous C to T and A to G mutations
Year: 2019

While several Cas9 derived base editors have been developed to induce either C to T or A to G mutation at target genomic sites, the possible genome editing space when using the current base editors remains limited. Here, we present a novel base editor, Target ACE, which integrates the abilities of both of the previously developed C to T and A to G base editors by fusing an activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and an engineered tRNA adenosine deaminase (TadA) to a catalytically impaired Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. In mammalian cells, Target ACE enabled heterologous editing of multiple bases in a small sequence window of target sites with increased efficiency compared with a mixture of two relevant base editor enzymes, each of which may block the same target DNA molecule from the other. Furthermore, by modeling editing patterns using deep sequencing data, the editing spectra of Target ACE and other base editors were simulated across the human genome, demonstrating the highest potency of Target ACE to edit amino acid coding patterns. Taking these findings together, Target ACE is a new tool that broadens the capabilities for base editing for various applications.
Common and Flexible Use of Mathematical Non Routine Problem Solving Strategies
Year: 2015

This study aims to investigate whether high achieving sixth, seventh and eighth graders can exhibit strategy flexibility while they are solving non routine problems. In this context, four students from each grade level participated in the study. Four non routine problems were represented to the students one by one in separate papers. Students worked in pairs and all interviews were videotaped. These records, pupils' scripts, and notes taken by the researchers were used in data analysis. Four criteria (selection and use of the most appropriate strategy, changing strategies when it does not work for the solution of a problem, using multiple strategies for the solution of a problem and changing strategies between problems) were established to determine students' flexibility levels. Each answer given by pairs was evaluated based on these criteria and scored as 0, 1 or 2. Results showed that students usually can select the most appropriate strategy, and use multiple strategies in one problem. Students were comfortable in using "look for a pattern" and "make a drawing" strategies. On the other hand, the most unfavorable strategy for them was "simplify the problem" Additionally, there were enterprises to use "write an equation" strategy. Besides, it was observed that students did not need to make a significant change in their thinking ways when their first attempts were wrong and they rarely change their strategies between problems. A longitudinal study including more students at different achievement levels and different kind of non routine problems will give in depth information about this subject.
Adversarial examples in the physical world
Venue: ICLR
Year: 2017

Most existing machine learning classifiers are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples. An adversarial example is a sample of input data which has been modified very slightly in a way that is intended to cause a machine learning classifier to misclassify it. In many cases, these modifications can be so subtle that a human observer does not even notice the modification at all, yet the classifier still makes a mistake. Adversarial examples pose security concerns because they could be used to perform an attack on machine learning systems, even if the adversary has no access to the underlying model. Up to now, all previous work have assumed a threat model in which the adversary can feed data directly into the machine learning classifier. This is not always the case for systems operating in the physical world, for example those which are using signals from cameras and other sensors as an input. This paper shows that even in such physical world scenarios, machine learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples. We demonstrate this by feeding adversarial images obtained from cell phone camera to an ImageNet Inception classifier and measuring the classification accuracy of the system. We find that a large fraction of adversarial examples are classified incorrectly even when perceived through the camera.
APLICACION DE TECNOLOGIA RADIOGRAFICA PORTATIL EN LA IDENTIFICACION ODONTOLOGICA FORENSE
Year: 2019

Describir el aporte de la aplicacion de recursos imagenologicos en el proceso de identificacion humana, puntualizando la versatilidad de las unidades radiograficas portatiles al permitir la comparacion de datos ante mortem (AM) y post mortem (PM) con mayor celeridad, contribuyendo al establecimiento de una identidad categorica.  A raiz de un accidente aereo con diez victimas fatales cuyos cuerpos se encontraban carbonizados y fragmentados, desafiando las maniobras identificadoras, se enfatiza respecto de la interaccion forense entre equipos de Argentina y Francia, erigiendose como pieza clave el empleo del equipo radiografico dental portatil NomadTM.  Se logro confirmar la identidad de la totalidad de los cadaveres.  Se aconseja la colaboracion entre odontologos y radiologos a los efectos de optimizar los procedimientos de investigacion forense y responder con eficacia y eficiencia a los estamentos encargados de administrar justicia. Palabras clave: Identificacion. Equipo interdisciplinario. Odontologia forense. Radiologia forense.
ISO 9001 2000 2008 AND LEAN SIX SIGMA INTEGRATION TOWARD TO CMMI DEV FOR PERFORMANCE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Year: 2010

The aim of this paper is to propose an approach that integrates ISO 9001 and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) into CMMI DEV for performance process improvement. Both ISO 9001 and CMMI DEV are framework guidance that allows enterprise to meet customer requirements and satisfactions. Six Sigma emphasizes on variation reduction in processes by problem solving and statistical tools while Lean focuses on eliminating source of wastes and non value added. However, there is a lack of providing pattern how to implement ISO 9001 and statistical analysis tools for collecting data in CMMI DEV. Furthermore, it is necessary to integrate them for enhancing performance of process. The proposed approach assists ISO certified enterprise who desires to also use CMMI DEV to get a better understanding of the principles and correlation between ISO9001and CMMI DEV. In the proposed framework, LSS tool is used to carry out into DMAIC as well as DMAIC Kaizen approach. An application case study is presented to demonstrate the capability of this approach.
Extra Adrenal Myelolipoma Containing Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Venue: Case reports in hematology
Year: 2016

Myelolipoma is a benign tumor consisting of mature fat interspersed with hematopoietic elements resembling bone marrow. The vast majority occurs within the adrenal glands, but several cases of extra adrenal myelolipomas (EAMLs) have been reported. We report a case of a 64 year old male who presented with complaint of lower abdominal discomfort. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showed a 6 cm x 5 cm, well circumscribed, predominantly fatty mass in the presacral region. Histological examination of the pelvic mass revealed a myelolipoma heavily infiltrated by small lymphoid cell aggregates with immunophenotypic features of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) Review of the literature revealed that there is only one published report of SLL/CLL involving a myelolipoma, which was also an extra adrenal myelolipoma, and, therefore, our case is the second case of a SLL/CLL involving a myelolipoma that is an extra adrenal myelolipoma. Extra adrenal myelolipomas seem to the preferred myelolipomas for involvement by SLL/CLL.
Possibilities of Mexican sme s Insertion in the Aerospace Industry Value Chain the Baja California Case
Year: 2018

The goal of this article is to analyze the aerospace industry in Baja California, Mexico. The methodology is based on the application of an electronic questionnaire and face to face in depth interviews. Our results shows that the insertion of companies has been conditioned by several factors: the basic certification is only the first step; the real challenge is to find niches of opportunity and bargaining power to achieve a productive contract, which demands entrepreneurial, legal and economic skills. This analysis is a pioneer in the study of Mexican companies participating in this emerging sector. The main limitations were the access to the companies' information and the rejection to participate in the study. The main finding is there are very few Mexican suppliers integrated to the global value aerospace chain but if the trend of growth is maintained, it may had greater integration in the near future, and possibly a greater economic spill and technology transfer.
A new game theoretical multi objective evolutionary approach for cash in transit vehicle routing problem with time windows (A Real life Case)
Venue: Appl. Soft Comput.
Year: 2020

Cash transfer from a central treasury to bank branches, which is with high security, is one of the crucial processes in the banking system. In this paper, a new multi objective game theory based model is developed to increase the security of cash in transit. For this purpose and in order to reduce the transportation costs, a bi objective vehicle routing problem with time window is developed where the risk of transfers (including armed robbers attack and theft) and the distance traveled by vehicles are minimized. In order to better estimate the robber's performance, the probability of robber's ambush is calculated by the game theory approach, in such a way that a two player, zero sum game is played between the robber and the cash carrier. The probability of theft success is also estimated in the proposed approach through a multiple criteria decision making and in order to be further representative of real life situations. A periodic review is also added to the proposed model to increase the cash transport security in which the previously used links would enjoy less chance of choosing in the current period. Moreover, a new multi objective hybrid genetic algorithm incorporated with a number of new heuristics and operators is developed to tackle the proposed model. The efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm are examined through several standard data sets, and the results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed solution algorithm. The wide applicability of our proposed approach in real life situations is examined with a real case study as well.