nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical studies of 1,2,3 Benzotriazole inhibitor for acrylic based coating in different acidic media systems
Venue: Journal of Polymer Research
Year: 2020

In this work, the corrosion inhibition performance of 1,2,3 Benzotriazole (BTA) as an organic inhibitor for cold rolled mild steel in an acidic medium was investigated. For this, different loading ratios of BTA were utilized and their efficiency as corrosive inhibitor either within the coating film or within the electrolyte was discussed. The first set of the samples was fabricated by the incorporation of 0.1 wt. 0.5 wt. and 1.0 wt. BTA within the acrylic polymer host matrix. The influence of BTA to the structural, optical, and adhesion properties of the acrylic coating films was examined. The obtained results revealed no significant changes resulted from the addition of different concentrations of BTA. The other set of the samples was developed by dissolving different concentration of BTA specifically, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm within the acidic electrolyte. All tested substrates were coated with acrylic based coating systems in the presence of polyisocyanate (NCO) as a curing agent. 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 was used as the corrosive electrolyte and the corrosion protection performance of the two sets of the samples was investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) The obtained results confirmed the way of introduction influenced the performance of the BTA as a corrosion inhibitor. The best corrosion protection and the intact behavior was observed by adding 0.1 wt. of BTA within the acrylic coating film even after 30 days of exposure of coated substrate to H 2 SO 4 solution.
Monstrous Body of the Slimy Depths
Year: 2008

The monstrous body of the slimy depths is associated with the body of a monster lurking in such places. It is the body of the slimy lower strata, of the contiguity between the lower places of the earth and of the body. Unlike the grotesque body, it is not associated with a wide range of bodily functions. It is associated with a narrow range of interstitial places and figurative feminine features. It is associated with the holes and orifices that cross the boundary between inside and outside and with the substances that mix the qualities of wet and dry, the elements of earth and water, and the categories of solid and liquid. The grotesque body crosses gender lines and relates to the lower strata in both genders. It upsets a common human hierarchy of the body. The monstrous body is a feminine body that lurks within the masculinist body as the repressed that returns. It is either a masculinist projection within to be abhorred and feared or it is a feminist construction of the goddess within to be revalued and respected.
Role of bacterial efflux pumps in biofilm formation
Venue: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Year: 2018

Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment. However, there is increasing evidence from many studies to suggest that the pumps also play a role in biofilm formation. These studies have involved investigating the effects of efflux pump gene mutagenesis and efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, and measuring the levels of efflux pump gene expression in biofilms. In particular, several key pathogenic species associated with increasing multidrug resistance, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, have been investigated, whilst other studies have focused on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model organism and problematic pathogen. Studies have shown that efflux pumps, including AcrAB TolC of E. coli, MexAB OprM of P. aeruginosa, AdeFGH of A. baumannii and AcrD of S. enterica, play important roles in biofilm formation. The substrates for such pumps, and whether changes in their efflux activity affect biofilm formation directly or indirectly, remain to be determined. By understanding the roles that efflux pumps play in biofilm formation, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to inhibit their function, to help disrupt biofilms and improve the treatment of infections. This review will discuss and evaluate the evidence for the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation and the potential approaches to overcome the increasing problem of biofilm based infections.
Frameworks for risk communication and disease management: the case of Lyme disease and countryside users
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2011

Management of zoonotic disease is necessary if countryside users are to gain benefit rather than suffer harm from their activities, and to avoid disproportionate reaction to novel threats. We introduce a conceptual framework based on the pressure state response model with five broad responses to disease incidence. Influencing public behaviour is one response and requires risk communication based on an integration of knowledge about the disease with an understanding of how publics respond to precautionary advice. A second framework emphasizes how risk communication involves more than information provision and should address dimensions including points of intervention over time, place and audience. The frameworks are developed by reference to tick borne Lyme borreliosis (also known as Lyme disease) for which informed precautionary behaviour is particularly relevant. Interventions to influence behaviour can be directed by knowledge of spatial and temporal variation of tick abundance, what constitutes risky behaviour, how people respond to information of varying content, and an understanding of the social practices related to countryside use. The frameworks clarify the response options and help identify who is responsible for risk communication. These aspects are not consistently understood, and may result in an underestimation of the role of land based organizations in facilitating appropriate precautionary behaviour.
Application of game theory for a groundwater conflict in Mexico.
Venue: Journal of environmental management
Year: 2007

Exploitation of scarce water resources, particularly in areas of high demand, inevitably produces conflict among disparate stakeholders, each of whom may have their own set of priorities. In order to arrive at a socially acceptable compromise, the decision makers should seek an optimal trade off between conflicting objectives that reflect the priorities of the various stakeholders. In this study, game theory was applied to a multiobjective conflict problem for the Alto Rio Lerma Irrigation District, located in the state of Guanajuato in Mexico, where economic benefits from agricultural production should be balanced with associated negative environmental impacts. The short period of rainfall in this area, combined with high groundwater withdrawals from irrigation wells, has produced severe aquifer overdraft. In addition, current agricultural practices of applying high loads of fertilizers and pesticides have contaminated regions of the aquifer. The net economic benefit to this agricultural region in the short term lies with increasing crop yields, which requires large pumping extractions for irrigation as well as high chemical loading. In the longer term, this can produce economic loss due to higher pumping costs (i.e. higher lift requirements) or even loss of the aquifer as a viable source of water. Negative environmental impacts include continued diminishment of groundwater quality, and declining groundwater levels in the basin, which can damage surface water systems that support environmental habitats. The two primary stakeholders or players, the farmers in the irrigation district and the community at large, must find an optimal balance between positive economic benefits and negative environmental impacts. In this paper, game theory was applied to find the optimal solution between the two conflicting objectives among 12 alternative groundwater extraction scenarios. Different attributes were used to quantify the benefits and costs of the two objectives, and, following generation of the Pareto frontier or trade off curve, four conflict resolution methods were then applied.
Actuator Control for the NASA JSC Valkyrie Humanoid Robot: A Decoupled Dynamics Approach for Torque Control of Series Elastic Robots
Venue: J. Field Robotics
Year: 2015

This paper discusses the actuator level control of Valkyrie, a new humanoid robot designed by NASA's Johnson Space Center in collaboration with several external partners. Several topics pertaining to Valkyrie's series elastic actuators are presented including control architecture, controller design, and implementation in hardware. A decentralized approach is taken in controlling Valkyrie's many series elastic degrees of freedom. By conceptually decoupling actuator dynamics from robot limb dynamics, the problem of controlling a highly complex system is simplified and the controller development process is streamlined compared to other approaches. This hierarchical control abstraction is realized by leveraging disturbance observers in the robot's joint level torque controllers. A novel analysis technique is applied to understand the ability of a disturbance observer to attenuate the effects of unmodeled dynamics. The performance of this control approach is demonstrated in two ways. First, torque tracking performance of a single Valkyrie actuator is characterized in terms of controllable torque resolution, tracking error, bandwidth, and power consumption. Second, tests are performed on Valkyrie's arm, a serial chain of actuators, to demonstrate the robot's ability to accurately track torques with the presented decentralized control approach.
Thermal and Chemical Stability of Regenerable Solid Amine Sorbent for CO2 Capture
Year: 2006

The adsorption and desorption of CO2 and SO2 on an amine grafted SBA 15 sorbent has been studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry. CO2 adsorbed on an amine grafted sorbent as carbonates and bicarbonates, while SO2 adsorbed as sulfates and sulfites. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the amine grafted sorbent was almost twice as much as that of a commercial sorbent. The adsorption of CO2 in the presence of H2O and D2O shows an isotopic shift in the IR frequency of adsorbed carbonate and bicarbonate bands, revealing that water plays a role in the CO2 adsorption on amine grafted sorbents. Although the rate of adsorption of SO2 was slower than that of CO2, the adsorbed S surface species is capable of blocking the active amine sites for CO2 adsorption. A temperature programmed degradation study of the amine grafted sorbent showed that the surface amine species are stable up to 250 degC in air.
Automatic safety door device in construction site
Year: 2009

An automatic safety door device in a construction site is provided to prevent safety accident of operators and to improve efficiency of work.  An automatic safety door device in a construction site comprises right and left doors(30a,30b) a frame(40) a sensor(50) a control valve(60) a door opening and closing member(70) and a fastening member(80) The right and left doors are opened and closed while revolving. The frame is installed on top of the right and left doors. The sensor is located on top of the frame and checks the opening and closing of an entrance door(3) of a cage(1) The control valve is connected to the sensor and operated with a sensing signal of the sensor. The door opening and closing member is connected to the control valve. The right and left doors are closed and opened with a control signal of the control valve. The fastening member is connected to the control valve. The right and left doors are locked with the control signal of the control valve.
Bioinformatic analysis of the genomes of epidemic pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Analyse bioinformatique des genomes d'une souche epidemique de pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Year: 2017

Le Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogene nosocomial majeur. Le clone ST235 est le plus prevalent des clones internationaux dits a hautris que. Ce clone est tres frequemment multi resistant aux antibiotiques, ce qui complique la prise en charge des infections dont il est a l'origine.Malgre son importance clinique, la base moleculaire Du succes du clone ST235 n'est pas comprise.Dans ce travail, nous avons cherche a comprendre l'origine spacio temporelle de ce clone et les bases moleculaires de son succes. A l'aide d'outils bio informatiques existants ,nous avons trouve que le clone ST235 a emerge en Europe en 1984 et que tous les isolates ST235 produisent l'exotoxine ExoU. Nous avons egalement identifie 22 genes Contigus specifiques de ce clone et impliques dans l'efflux transmembranaire, dans le traitement de l'ADN et dans la transformation bacterienne. Cette combinaison unique de genes a pu contribuer a la gravite des infections dues a ce clone et a sa capacite a acquerir des genes de resistance aux antibiotiques. Ainsi, la diffusion mondiale de ce clone a probablement ete favorisee par l'utilisation extensive des fluoroquinolones, puis il est de venu localement resistant aux amino glycosides, aux b lactamines, et aux carbapenemes par mutation et acquisition d'elements de resistance. Nous avons majoritairement utilise des outils existants,mais avons decouvert que les programmes de detection des sequences d'insertions (IS, ayant un role important dans l'evolution des genomes bacteriens) ne sont pas adaptes aux donnees dont nous disposions. Nous avons ainsi mis au point un outil (appele panISa) qui detecte de facon precise et sensible les IS a partir de donnees brutes de sequencage de genomes bacteriens.
Rigid monoclonal antibodies improve detection of SARS CoV 2 nucleocapsid protein
Venue: bioRxiv the preprint server for biology
Year: 2021

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the basis of treatments and diagnostics for pathogens and other biological phenomena. We conducted a structural characterization of mAbs against the N terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein (NPNTD) from SARS CoV 2 using small angle X ray scattering (SAXS) Our solution based results distinguished the mAbs' flexibility and how this flexibility impacts the assembly of multiple mAbs on an antigen. By pairing two mAbs that bind different epitopes on the NPNTD, we show that flexible mAbs form a closed sandwich like complex. With rigid mAbs, a juxtaposition of the Fabs is prevented, enforcing a linear arrangement of the mAb pair, which facilitates further mAb polymerization. In a modified sandwich ELISA, we show the rigid mAb pairings with linear polymerization led to increased NPNTD detection sensitivity. These enhancements can expedite the development of more sensitive and selective antigen detecting point of care lateral flow devices (LFA) key for early diagnosis and epidemiological studies of SARS CoV 2 and other pathogens.
A Deep Learning Approach for Colonoscopy Pathology WSI Analysis: Accurate Segmentation and Classification
Venue: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
Year: 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life threatening malignancies. Colonoscopy pathology examination can identify cells of early stage colon tumors in small tissue image slices. But, such examination is time consuming and exhausting on high resolution images. In this paper, we present a new framework for colonoscopy pathology whole slide image (WSI) analysis, including lesion segmentation and tissue diagnosis. Our framework contains an improved U shape network with a VGG net as backbone, and two schemes for training and inference, respectively (the training scheme and inference scheme) Based on the characteristics of colonoscopy pathology WSI, we introduce a specific sampling strategy for sample selection and a transfer learning strategy for model training in our training scheme. Besides, we propose a specific loss function, class wise DSC loss, to train the segmentation network. In our inference scheme, we apply a sliding window based sampling strategy for patch generation and diploid ensemble (data ensemble and model ensemble) for the final prediction. We use the predicted segmentation mask to generate the classification probability for the likelihood of WSI being malignant. To our best knowledge, DigestPath 2019 is the first challenge and the first public dataset available on colonoscopy tissue screening and segmentation, and our proposed framework yields good performance on this dataset. Our new framework achieved a DSC of 0.7789 and AUC of 1 on the online test dataset, and we won the $2\text{nd} place in the DigestPath 2019 Challenge (task 2) Our code is available at https:/github.com/bhfs9999/colonoscopy_tissue_screen_and_segmentation.
Forecasting financial time series using a low complexity recurrent neural network and evolutionary learning approach
Venue: J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci.
Year: 2017

The paper presents a low complexity recurrent Functional Link Artificial Neural Network for predicting the financial time series data like the stock market indices over a time frame varying from 1 day ahead to 1 month ahead. Although different types of basis functions have been used for low complexity neural networks earlier for stock market prediction, a comparative study is needed to choose the optimal combinations of these for a reasonably accurate forecast. Further several evolutionary learning methods like the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and modified version of its new variant (HMRPSO) and the Differential Evolution (DE) are adopted here to find the optimal weights for the recurrent computationally efficient functional link neural network (RCEFLANN) using a combination of linear and hyperbolic tangent basis functions. The performance of the recurrent computationally efficient FLANN model is compared with that of low complexity neural networks using the Trigonometric, Chebyshev, Laguerre, Legendre, and tangent hyperbolic basis functions in predicting stock prices of Bombay Stock Exchange data and Standard Poor's 500 data sets using different evolutionary methods and has been presented in this paper and the results clearly reveal that the recurrent FLANN model trained with the DE outperforms all other FLANN models similarly trained.
Gender differences in participation and reward on Stack Overflow
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering
Year: 2019

Programming is a valuable skill in the labor market, making the underrepresentation of women in computing an increasingly important issue. Online question and answer platforms serve a dual purpose in this field: they form a body of knowledge useful as a reference and learning tool, and they provide opportunities for individuals to demonstrate credible, verifiable expertise. Issues, such as male oriented site design or overrepresentation of men among the site's elite may therefore compound the issue of women's underrepresentation in IT. In this paper we audit the differences in behavior and outcomes between men and women on Stack Overflow, the most popular of these Q&A sites. We observe significant differences in how men and women participate in the platform and how successful they are. For example, the average woman has roughly half of the reputation points, the primary measure of success on the site, of the average man. Using an Oaxaca Blinder decomposition, an econometric technique commonly applied to analyze differences in wages between groups, we find that most of the gap in success between men and women can be explained by differences in their activity on the site and differences in how these activities are rewarded. Specifically, 1) men give more answers than women and 2) are rewarded more for their answers on average, even when controlling for possible confounders such as tenure or buy in to the site. Women ask more questions and gain more reward per question. We conclude with a hypothetical redesign of the site's scoring system based on these behavioral differences, cutting the reputation gap in half.
When Does Stand Alone Software Qualify as A Medical Device in the European Union? The Cjeu's Decision in Snitem and What it Implies for the Next Generation of Medical Devices.
Venue: Medical law review
Year: 2020

This contribution analyses the first decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the qualification and regulation of stand alone software as medical devices. Referring to the facts of the case and the applicable European Union (EU) regulatory framework, the Court specifically found that prescription support software may constitute a medical device. This would even be the case where the software does not act directly in or on the human body. Yet, according to the CJEU, it is necessary that the intended purpose falls within one or more of the 'medical purpose' categories of the regulatory definition of 'medical device' The case has important implications, not only for specific legal debates, but it also signifies a paradigm shift with a rapidly increasing digitalisation of the health and life sciences. This highlights the demand for continuous debates over the necessary evolution of the regulatory framework applying to the interface of medical artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data.
ArcFace for Disguised Face Recognition
Venue: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop (ICCVW)
Year: 2019

Even though deep face recognition is extensively explored and remarkable advances have been achieved on large scale in the wild dataset, disguised face recognition receives much less attention. Face feature embedding targeting on intra class compactness and inter class discrepancy is very challenging as high intra class diversity and inter class similarity are very common on the disguised face recognition dataset. In this report, we give the technical details of our submission to the DFW2019 challenge. By using our RetinaFace for face detection and alignment and ArcFace for face feature embedding, we achieve state of the art performance on the DFW2019 challenge.
Hierarchical Conditional Relation Networks for Multimodal Video Question Answering
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision
Year: 2021

Video QA challenges modelers in multiple fronts. Modeling video necessitates building not only spatio temporal models for the dynamic visual channel but also multimodal structures for associated information channels such as subtitles or audio. Video QA adds at least two more layers of complexity selecting relevant content for each channel in the context of the linguistic query, and composing spatio temporal concepts and relations in response to the query. To address these requirements, we start with two insights: (a) content selection and relation construction can be jointly encapsulated into a conditional computational structure, and (b) video length structures can be composed hierarchically. For (a) this paper introduces a general reusable neural unit dubbed Conditional Relation Network (CRN) taking as input a set of tensorial objects and translating into a new set of objects that encode relations of the inputs. The generic design of CRN helps ease the common complex model building process of Video QA by simple block stacking with flexibility in accommodating input modalities and conditioning features across both different domains. As a result, we realize insight (b) by introducing Hierarchical Conditional Relation Networks (HCRN) for Video QA. The HCRN primarily aims at exploiting intrinsic properties of the visual content of a video and its accompanying channels in terms of compositionality, hierarchy, and near and far term relation. HCRN is then applied for Video QA in two forms, short form where answers are reasoned solely from the visual content, and long form where associated information, such as subtitles, presented. Our rigorous evaluations show consistent improvements over SOTAs on well studied benchmarks including large scale real world datasets such as TGIF QA and TVQA, demonstrating the strong capabilities of our CRN unit and the HCRN for complex domains such as Video QA.