nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Post Independence African Economies: 1960 2015
Year: 2019

Ocran points out that the 1960s was momentous in the history of Africa. He intimates that the by the end of the 1960s, most African countries had attained political independence. The period was therefore characterised with the euphoria of independence after seventy five years of Western European domination. Behind the veil of euphoria existed harsh realities of poignant developmental challenges: unskilled human resources, political fragility, inappropriate institutions, rapid population growth and the legacy of history. After a short spell of economic growth, the countries succumbed to the global economic difficulties following the oil crises of the 1970s. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which came to the rescue of the economies made financial support conditional on the adoption of stabilisation and structural adjustment policies. Ocran argues that after two decades of reforms, by the year 2000, the policies had failed to engender either sustained economic growth or considerable poverty reduction. He concludes by providing evidence to show development challenges still persist, even though the past two decades have witnessed a rebound of economic growth in many African countries.
Attention based Ensemble for Deep Metric Learning
Venue: ECCV
Year: 2018

Deep metric learning aims to learn an embedding function, modeled as deep neural network. This embedding function usually puts semantically similar images close while dissimilar images far from each other in the learned embedding space. Recently, ensemble has been applied to deep metric learning to yield state of the art results. As one important aspect of ensemble, the learners should be diverse in their feature embeddings. To this end, we propose an attention based ensemble, which uses multiple attention masks, so that each learner can attend to different parts of the object. We also propose a divergence loss, which encourages diversity among the learners. The proposed method is applied to the standard benchmarks of deep metric learning and experimental results show that it outperforms the state of the art methods by a significant margin on image retrieval tasks.
Comparison between Knowledge Network System and Collaborative Filtering in Recommender System
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer and Communications Management
Year: 2020

Recommender system is an effective tool to avoid amount of useless information given large scale websites, which has achieved commercial success. Existing recommendation methods can be roughly divided into the content based filtering and collaborative filtering, and the latter one actually takes advantage of collective intelligence and is particularly popular because of its flexibility and independence of the item content description. Despite its popularity, there are at least two disadvantages with the collaborative filtering, respectively about the diversity of interest points and cold start. In this paper, a knowledge network system is introduced into the recommender system, which can be formed by collective intelligence in an evolutional way. Also using the collective intelligence, the proposed method is able to tackle or relieve the above disadvantages of the collaborative filtering. Specifically, it is able to recommend to users the closely related items based on an inherent interest structure and push items with diverse interest points. And by including a multi round voting mechanism in the evolutional collective intelligence algorithm, the accumulation requirement of new records is reduced. Two more benefits with the proposed method are respectively the higher recommendation accuracy also based on the above mentioned multi round voting mechanism, and the generalizable knowledge structure automatically extracted in the evolutional process. Explanative comparison with the collaborative filtering is made, and finally experimental comparison witnesses the efficacy of the proposed method.
Fuzzy approach for the selection of third party reverse logistics provider
Year: 2009

The purpose of this paper is to propose a structured model for evaluating and selecting the best third party reverse logistics provider (3PRLP) under fuzzy environment for the battery industry. In this paper, the multi criteria decision making tools such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) are adopted to solve the problem of selection of 3PRLP.Findings In a real time situation, collecting the returned products from the customer end to the manufacturer end becomes more tedious, time consuming work and also it makes the information flow in the supply chain management more complex. A separate logistics system has to be developed in order to inspect and maintain the collected returned products in the down stream management. This current scenario encourages the top level management to seek for an alternative for collecting the returned products instead of making their supply chain structure to be complex. This gives rise to th.
Activation and allosteric modulation of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Venue: Nature
Year: 2013

Despite recent advances in crystallography and the availability of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) structures, little is known about the mechanism of their activation process, as only the b2 adrenergic receptor (b2AR) and rhodopsin have been crystallized in fully active conformations. Here we report the structure of an agonist bound, active state of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stabilized by a G protein mimetic camelid antibody fragment isolated by conformational selection using yeast surface display. In addition to the expected changes in the intracellular surface, the structure reveals larger conformational changes in the extracellular region and orthosteric binding site than observed in the active states of the b2AR and rhodopsin. We also report the structure of the M2 receptor simultaneously bound to the orthosteric agonist iperoxo and the positive allosteric modulator LY2119620. This structure reveals that LY2119620 recognizes a largely pre formed binding site in the extracellular vestibule of the iperoxo bound receptor, inducing a slight contraction of this outer binding pocket. These structures offer important insights into the activation mechanism and allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptors.
Host range testing of Tamarixia dryi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) sourced from South Africa for classical biological control of Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Europe
Venue: Biological Control
Year: 2019

The African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae, vectors citrus greening or huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The psyllid has been reported from mainland Europe, where it is rapidly spreading from the northwest to the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In order to reduce its spread and population levels, a classical biological control program with the parasitoid Tamarixia dryi is under development in Spain. We evaluated the host specificity of T. dryi using 11 non target psyllid (NTP) species, including five species of the genus Trioza. The psyllids were selected based on phylogenetic and ecological criteria. Tamarixia dryi exhibited a high host specificity. Females did not parasitize any of the 11 NTPs tested, except for one nymph of a gall forming Trioza species closely related to Trioza montanetana. Tamarixia dryi only laid one egg on a nymph when it was removed from the gall on Convolvulus canariensis and exposed directly to the parasitoid. However, the immature parasitoid died before emerging. We further confirmed that T. dryi did not parasitize a representative triozid species, Trioza laurisilvae, of the endemic Canarian fauna after long time exposure. Our results demonstrate that T. dryi is a highly specific parasitoid and its introduction, release and establishment in Europe within the classical biological control program of T. erytreae should not affect other psyllid species. Therefore, no significant environmental impact is expected.
Template Guided Text Generation for Task Oriented Dialogue
Venue: EMNLP
Year: 2020

Virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Apple Siri enable users to interact with a large number of services and APIs on the web using natural language. In this work, we investigate two methods for Natural Language Generation (NLG) using a single domain independent model across a large number of APIs. First, we propose a schema guided approach which conditions the generation on a schema describing the API in natural language. Our second method investigates the use of a small number of templates, growing linearly in number of slots, to convey the semantics of the API. To generate utterances for an arbitrary slot combination, a few simple templates are first concatenated to give a semantically correct, but possibly incoherent and ungrammatical utterance. A pre trained language model is subsequently employed to rewrite it into coherent, natural sounding text. Through automatic metrics and human evaluation, we show that our method improves over strong baselines, is robust to out of domain inputs and shows improved sample efficiency.
The declining frequency of inducible myocardial ischemia during stress echocardiography over 27 consecutive years (1983 2009)
Venue: International journal of cardiology
Year: 2016

Previous studies have suggested a decline in positivity of stress cardiac imaging, suggesting the need for developing better strategies for test selection to achieve acceptable cost effectiveness balance. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the rate of positivity of stress echocardiography (SE) over 27 consecutive years.  We assessed the rate of SE positivity in 2007 patients without previous myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization who performed SE in a tertiary care referral center from 1983 to 2009. SE was performed with dipyridamole (1427) dobutamine (136) or exercise (444)  There was a progressive decline over time in the rate of SE positivity from 42% (1983 1991) to 22% (2001 2009) with a relative increase of patients with low pre test probability of disease (from 5% to 27% The percentage of patients studied with SE under anti ischemic therapy increased markedly (from 8% in the first to 61% in the last nine years) CONCLUSION Over 27 consecutive years, we observed a steady decline in SE positivity rate (with >5 fold increase of low probability patients) with almost 8 fold increase in anti ischemic therapy at testing. We probably need refined criteria of referral for testing and/or better ways to titrate the negative response beyond wall motion abnormalities during SE.
The Ror1 receptor tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in regulating satellite cell proliferation during regeneration of injured muscle
Venue: The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Year: 2017

The Ror family receptor tyrosine kinases, Ror1 and Ror2, play important roles in regulating developmental morphogenesis and tissue and organogenesis, but their roles in tissue regeneration in adult animals remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the expression and function of Ror1 and Ror2 during skeletal muscle regeneration. Using an in vivo skeletal muscle injury model, we show that expression of Ror1 and Ror2 in skeletal muscles is induced transiently by the inflammatory cytokines, TNF a and IL 1b, after injury and that inhibition of TNF a and IL 1b by neutralizing antibodies suppresses expression of Ror1 and Ror2 in injured muscles. Importantly, expression of Ror1, but not Ror2, was induced primarily in Pax7 positive satellite cells (SCs) after muscle injury, and administration of neutralizing antibodies decreased the proportion of Pax7 positive proliferative SCs after muscle injury. We also found that stimulation of a mouse myogenic cell line, C2C12 cells, with TNF a or IL 1b induced expression of Ror1 via NF kB activation and that suppressed expression of Ror1 inhibited their proliferative responses in SCs. Intriguingly, SC specific depletion of Ror1 decreased the number of Pax7 positive SCs after muscle injury. Collectively, these findings indicate for the first time that Ror1 has a critical role in regulating SC proliferation during skeletal muscle regeneration. We conclude that Ror1 might be a suitable target in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to manage muscular disorders.
Multichannel mode selective silicon photonic add/drop multiplexer with phase change material
Year: 2020

A multichannel mode selective silicon photonic add/drop multiplexer is proposed by introducing asymmetric directional couplers (ADCs) assisted with phase change material (PCM) strips. Each ADC consists of a multimode bus waveguide and a single mode access waveguide with a thin PCM strip on the top. For the present mode selective add/drop multiplexer, the PCM of Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) is used, and the PCM loaded access waveguide is designed optimally by engineering the effective index and the modal field profile. When the switching state of the add/drop multiplexer is OFF with crystal GSST, all the mode channels go through with very low excess losses. Otherwise, when it is ON, by switching the GSST PCM strip to be amorphous, the desired TE mode channel can be selectively added to or dropped from the multimode bus waveguide, while the other mode channels still stay and propagate in the multimode bus waveguide. The simulated results show that the designed mode selective silicon photonic add/drop multiplexer utilizing a single ADC has low excess losses of <0.5dB and low intermodal crosstalk of 15dB over the C band for all the mode channels. Furthermore, using the design with cascaded ADCs for each mode selective add/drop switch, the crosstalk can be suppressed to 20dB, and the excess losses are less than 1 dB over an 80 nm broad wavelength band from 1505 to 1585 nm.
Graphene Oxide Decorated with Titanium Nanoparticles to Reinforce the Anti Corrosion Performance of Epoxy Coating
Year: 2020

Graphene oxide titanium (GO Ti) composite materials were fabricated using GO as a precursor and then anchoring nano titanium (Nano Ti) particles on GO sheets with the help of a silane coupling agent. Then, the coating samples were prepared by dispersing GO, Nano Ti particles, and GO Ti in an epoxy resin at a low weight fraction of 1 wt The GO Ti composites were investigated by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) X ray diffraction (XRD) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The dispersibility and anti corrosion mechanism of the coatings were studied by sedimentation experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) SEM, and salt spray tests. The mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed by friction and wear tests. The results showed that the Nano Ti particles were successfully loaded on the GO surface by chemical bonds, which made GO Ti composites exhibit better dispersibility in the epoxy than GO. Compared with Nano Ti particles and GO, the GO Ti composite exhibited significant advantages in improving the corrosion resistance of epoxy coatings at the same contents, which was attributed to the excellent dispersibility, inherent corrosion resistance, and sheet structure. Among the different proportions of composite materials, the GO Ti (2:1) material exhibited the best dispersibility and corrosion resistance. In addition, the composite material also greatly improved the wear resistance of the coating.
DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF ABDELHAMID IBN BADIS MOSTAGANEM FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Year: 2019

Translating Novels into English poses a challenge for translators because languages represent different cultural systems. Translators may not be aware about the gender system as part of the target language. In this light, this study examines the translations of Mosteghanemi's novel Dhakirat Al Jasad by a male and a female authors. The study investigates the influence of fe/male translators on linguistic choices, and whether they have employed feminist translation strategies. Using Lakoff's model and feminist translation strategies, the analysis reveals that gender might have an effect on the translated text the male translator uses feminist translation strategies and avoids sexism. However, the female translator employs more feminist strategies, supplementing wherever women were devalued in the original text. Other variables may also have influenced the translators' choices such as their cultural background, native language, and the literal/ free translation strategies employed by Sreih/ Cohen respectively. To investigate the role of the translator's gender on the translated texts, a larger sample is needed for future research.
Performance of Slurry Shield Tunnelling in Mixed Strata Based on Field Measurement and Numerical Simulation
Year: 2020

There are severe challenges for slurry pressure balance tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnelling in sandy cobble soil of Beijing, Chengdu, and Lanzhou in China. And the problems caused by tunnelling from silty clay to sandy cobble stratum are more serious. With the change of stratum, the key parameters and surface settlement will change correspondingly. Controlling the key parameters and predicting the surface settlement accurately and efficiently is important for hazard mitigation and risk management. In this study, based on the Tsinghuayuan Tunnel project in Beijing, the key parameters and surface settlement while tunnelling from silty clay to sandy cobble stratum are studied. Firstly, the difference of key parameters while tunnelling in two different strata is analyzed. The analysis shows that immediate responses to changes in the stratum are recommended in order to ensure construction efficiency. Then, a refined 3D finite difference model is developed to simulate the slurry TBM tunnelling in different strata. For refined simulation, three key parameters obtained from measurement data were applied to the 3D models, and the simulation results were compared with the field data. Results show that the refined model has good performance in terms of the accuracy and efficiency. This study provides a good engineering practice reference for slurry TBM tunnelling in mixed strata.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Menggunakan Model Problem Posing Berorientasi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
Venue: Jurnal Derivat: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika
Year: 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kevalidan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model Problem Posing berorientasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis pada materi statistika yang teruji valid. Model pengembangan pada penelitian ini menggunakan model Plomp yang mempunyai tiga tahap yaitu Fase Pendahuluan (Preliminary research) Fase Pembuatan Prototype (Prototype Phase) Fase Penilaian (Assessment Phase) Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah validasi perangkat pembelajaran. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis validasi penelitian oleh tiga validator diperoleh rata rata validasi per RPP dari setiap validator sebesar 100% untuk aspek indikator satu yang diukur dengan skala Guttman yang mana kriteria sangat valid dan 80,36% untuk aspek dua sampai tujuh yang diukur dengan skala Likert yang mana kriteria valid, dan untuk rata rata validasi per LKPD dari setiap validator sebesar 93,33% untuk aspek satu yang diukur dengan skala Guttman yang mana kriteria sangat valid dan 75% untuk aspek dua sampai tiga yang diukur dengan skala Likert yang mana kriteria valid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem posing berorientasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis telah teruji kevalidannya.Kata kunci LKPD, RPP,
Control of energy expenditure in humans
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Year: 2017

Energy expenditure is determined by body size and body composition and by food intake and physical activity. Body size and body composition are the determinants of resting energy expenditure. Higher weight results in higher energy requirement through a higher resting requirement because of a higher maintenance cost of a larger body. Activity induced energy expenditure is the most variable component of total energy expenditure. Smaller and leaner subjects generally move more as activity energy expenditure in larger subjects is not higher in proportion to the cost of moving with a higher body weight. Food intake induces changes in energy expenditure as a function of changes in body size and body composition. In addition, energy restriction induces an adaptive reduction of energy expenditure through a lowering of tissue metabolism and a reduction of body movement. An exercise induced increase in activity expenditure is a function of the training status. In untrained subjects, exercise induces a larger increase in total energy expenditure than can be attributed to the energy cost of a training program. Trained subjects have a higher performance at the same expenditure through a higher exercise economy.
Veterans Individual Placement and Support Towards Advancing Recovery: Methods and Baseline Clinical Characteristics of a Multisite Study
Venue: Psychiatric rehabilitation journal
Year: 2018

This article describes the methodology and the baseline characteristics of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) enrolled in a multisite trial comparing supported employment individual placement and support (IPS) to a stepwise vocational transitional work program (TWP)  The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program randomized 541 veterans with PTSD across 12 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers to either IPS or TWP. Demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated at baseline.  Participants averaged 42 (SD 11) years of age and had PTSD for 13 (SD 11) years. The group was comprised of 18% female, 42% African Americans, and 16% Latino participants. Approximately 60% of participants served in the military since 2001, 89% were receiving or applying for service connected disability, 60% had PTSD from nonsexual combat related trauma, and 17% had PTSD from military sexual trauma. One third had not held a competitive job in the past 3 years; the average length of unemployment was 2.8 (SD 4) years. Unique study features included the focus on veterans with PTSD, a comparison of a promising practice with a usual care practice, and the outcome criterion of achieving steady competitive employment. Conclusions and Implication for Practice: This study is the first large scale randomized trial of IPS in a PTSD population. These baseline findings illustrate the characteristics of the study sample, which are representative of a veteran population in need of vocational rehabilitation services and can be used to help guide the implementation of tailored veteran centered programs.