nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise free quantitative phase imaging in Gabor holography with conditional generative adversarial network.
Venue: Optics express
Year: 2020

This paper shows that deep learning can eliminate the superimposed twin image noise in phase images of Gabor holographic setup. This is achieved by the conditional generative adversarial model (C GAN) trained by input output pairs of noisy phase images obtained from synthetic Gabor holography and the corresponding quantitative noise free contrast phase image obtained by the off axis digital holography. To train the model, Gabor holograms are generated from digital off axis holograms with spatial shifting of the real image and twin image in the frequency domain and then adding them with the DC term in the spatial domain. Finally, the digital propagation of the Gabor hologram with Fresnel approximation generates a super imposed phase image for the C GAN model input. Two models were trained: a human red blood cell model and an elliptical cancer cell model. Following the training, several quantitative analyses were conducted on the bio chemical properties and similarity between actual noise free phase images and the model output. Surprisingly, it is discovered that our model can recover other elliptical cell lines that were not observed during the training. Additionally, some misalignments can also be compensated with the trained model. Particularly, if the reconstruction distance is somewhat incorrect, this model can still retrieve in focus images.
Drying and Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Swell Drying
Venue: Advanced Drying Technologies for Foods
Year: 2019

All drying processes, except freeze drying, suffer from shrinkage/collapse. This inevitably leads to poor process performance, low technological abilities of the material during the operation, and weak sensory, hygienic, and nutritional qualities of the finished product. By combining conventional drying methods with the instant controlled pressure drop (Detente Instantanee Controlee, DIC) texturing process, it is possible to overcome the shrinkage phenomenon and its various impacts. Once the DIC treatment is correctly defined, the swell dried foods acquire high availability of nutritional molecules (vitamins and antioxidant ingredients) and similar capacity and kinetics of rehydration as freeze dried materials, while the color, aroma, and taste of swell dried products are significantly superior. Swell drying leads to highly controlled crunchy/crispy texture, thus providing high quality starch free snacks. In addition, the controlled texture allows manufacturing expanded granule powders. The energy consumption is much lower than freeze drying or even convective air drying, and the kinetics and capacity of rehydration are particularly advantageous. The DIC is distinguished by its exceptional ability to ensure efficient decontamination of bacteria (vegetative and sporulated forms) insects, and eggs, thus inducing a shelf life of more than two years. DIC can also advantageously be inserted within dehydrofreezing operations.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of People with Injury Due to Volatile Substance Use to Induce Euphoria
Venue: Substance use misuse
Year: 2020

Unhealthy substance use is a public health challenge. Much of the focus of interventions is upon narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, central nervous system depressants, and alcohol. However, inhalants are also commonly used in an unhealthy manner and are under recognized. The purpose of this study is to describe incident emergency department visits for volatile substance use to induce euphoria (VSUIE) injuries in the U.S.  Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for the years 2015 to 2018. Descriptive frequencies, bivariate analyses using Rao Scott Chi Square, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to describe and examine the association between ED visits and VSUIE.  The estimated (weighted) number of VSUIE ED visits during 2015 2018 was 13,130 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 8,383 17876; Coefficient of variation, CV 0.18) and accounted for 0.02% of all ED visits. Males were more likely than females (p .0001) and young adults (ages =18 to 35 years) were more likely than older adults to have a VSUIE ED visit (p .0001)  VSUIE ED visits occur more commonly in young adults than older adults and adolescents. The widespread use of volatile substances to induce euphoria is an under reported public health issue with life threatening consequences. Use of volatile substances by adolescents is a particular concern which needs attention and interventions to prevent its initiation.
Sarcocystis spp. in llamas (Lama glama) in Southern Bolivia: a cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and loss in income caused by carcass downgrades.
Venue: Preventive veterinary medicine
Year: 2014

Llamas (Lama glama) are intermediate hosts of the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis spp. This parasite is described as causing economic losses in the production of llama meat in South America. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence, identify risk factors and explore spatial patterns of Sarcocystis in llamas in an area of the Bolivian High Plateau including estimating financial losses due to carcass downgrades as a result of the presence of Sarcocystis cysts. Information was collected from a local abattoir between 2006 and 2011 on 1196 llamas. Sarcocystis status was determined at meat inspection where any carcasses with one or more visible cysts were deemed Sarcocystis positive. A high prevalence was found, estimated to vary between 23.4% (95% CI 16.6 30.1) in 2007 and 50.3% (95% CI 44.4 56.3) in 2011. Period prevalence between 2006 and 2011 was estimated at 34.1% (95% CI 31.4 36.8) Age, sex and type (analogous to breed) were identified as risk factors for Sarcocystis using a mixed effects logistic regression model adjusting for clustering by community and owner. Llamas over 4.5 years of age had an increased odds of being Sarcocystis positive (OR 19.31, 95% CI 9.10 40.98) as well as females (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.13 2.68) and long haired type llamas (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.26 2.87) An interaction between age and sex was detected indicating that the increased odds of disease from the youngest age group to the 2.5 4.5 years group was much more pronounced in females than in males. Spatial patterns of Sarcocystis were explored at district level by means of Standardised Morbidity Ratios and some spatial heterogeneity was revealed. Estimates of financial loss due to the disease were calculated using the difference in price paid for Sarcocystis positive and negative meat. Loss due to Sarcocystis varied per year but could be up to 20% of the annual income generated through the abattoir by sale of meat. Overall this study shows a high prevalence of Sarcocystis in the study area with some heterogeneity between districts. It also identifies some previously unknown risk factors for Sarcocystis and gives financial estimates of the cost of the disease as a result of carcass downgrades. We hoped these findings will add to the understanding of Sarcocystis in llamas in Southern Bolivia and will be useful when considering if controls are necessary, worthwhile and practical.
Assessment of serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium) during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Year: 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading universal cause of mortality. Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder is primarily a chronic disease, a great number of patients complain of exacerbations. Severe exacerbations are associated with worse survival consequences. This study aimed to detect changes in serum sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium (Na, K, and ionized Ca) during COPD exacerbation.  A total of 45 patients with exacerbation of COPD and 15 apparently healthy participants were included. Serum electrolytes (Na, K, and ionized Ca) were obtained from patients and controls. Full clinical history, complete blood count, renal and liver function, serum electrolytes (Na, K, and ionized Ca) and oxygen saturation measurement were done for patients.  Serum Na, K, and ionized Ca were decreased in patients than controls (with statistically significant difference) These electrolytes levels were lowest in life threatening exacerbation than other grades of exacerbations (with statistically significant difference) Conclusion COPD exacerbation is associated with low levels of Na, K, and ionized Ca.
Improving RetinaNet for CT Lesion Detection with Dense Masks from Weak RECIST Labels
Venue: MICCAI
Year: 2019

Accurate, automated lesion detection in Computed Tomography (CT) is an important yet challenging task due to the large variation of lesion types, sizes, locations and appearances. Recent work on CT lesion detection employs two stage region proposal based methods trained with centroid or bounding box annotations. We propose a highly accurate and efficient one stage lesion detector, by re designing a RetinaNet to meet the particular challenges in medical imaging. Specifically, we optimize the anchor configurations using a differential evolution search algorithm. For training, we leverage the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) annotation which are measured in clinical routine. We incorporate dense masks from weak RECIST labels, obtained automatically using GrabCut, into the training objective, which in combination with other advancements yields new state of the art performance. We evaluate our method on the public DeepLesion benchmark, consisting of 32,735 lesions across the body. Our one stage detector achieves a sensitivity of 90.77% at 4 false positives per image, significantly outperforming the best reported methods by over 5%
Variation in Foot Strike Patterns during Running among Habitually Barefoot Populations
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2013

Endurance running may have a long evolutionary history in the hominin clade but it was not until very recently that humans ran wearing shoes. Research on modern habitually unshod runners has suggested that they utilize a different biomechanical strategy than runners who wear shoes, namely that barefoot runners typically use a forefoot strike in order to avoid generating the high impact forces that would be experienced if they were to strike the ground with their heels first. This finding suggests that our habitually unshod ancestors may have run in a similar way. However, this research was conducted on a single population and we know little about variation in running form among habitually barefoot people, including the effects of running speed, which has been shown to affect strike patterns in shod runners. Here, we present the results of our investigation into the selection of running foot strike patterns among another modern habitually unshod group, the Daasanach of northern Kenya. Data were collected from 38 consenting adults as they ran along a trackway with a plantar pressure pad placed midway along its length. Subjects ran at self selected endurance running and sprinting speeds. Our data support the hypothesis that a forefoot strike reduces the magnitude of impact loading, but the majority of subjects instead used a rearfoot strike at endurance running speeds. Their percentages of midfoot and forefoot strikes increased significantly with speed. These results indicate that not all habitually barefoot people prefer running with a forefoot strike, and suggest that other factors such as running speed, training level, substrate mechanical properties, running distance, and running frequency, influence the selection of foot strike patterns.
Dynamic Fusion Network for Multi Domain End to end Task Oriented Dialog
Venue: ACL
Year: 2020

Recent studies have shown remarkable success in end to end task oriented dialog system. However, most neural models rely on large training data, which are only available for a certain number of task domains, such as navigation and scheduling. This makes it difficult to scalable for a new domain with limited labeled data. However, there has been relatively little research on how to effectively use data from all domains to improve the performance of each domain and also unseen domains. To this end, we investigate methods that can make explicit use of domain knowledge and introduce a shared private network to learn shared and specific knowledge. In addition, we propose a novel Dynamic Fusion Network (DF Net) which automatically exploit the relevance between the target domain and each domain. Results show that our models outperforms existing methods on multi domain dialogue, giving the state of the art in the literature. Besides, with little training data, we show its transferability by outperforming prior best model by 13.9% on average.
Influence of management control systems and creativity on job performance
Year: 2020

Este estudo analisa a influencia dos sistemas de controle gerencial (SCG) sobre o desempenho no trabalho, mediada pela criatividade individual. Foram consideradas as quatro alavancas de controle do modelo de Simons (1995) sistemas de crencas, sistemas de limites, sistemas de controle interativo e sistemas de controle diagnostico. Uma pesquisa de levantamento foi realizada com empresas industriais consideradas inovadoras no Brasil, e obteve se um retorno de 126 respostas validas. Os resultados da modelagem de equacoes estruturais indicaram que ha relacoes significativamente diferentes entre os SCG e a criatividade individual: algumas influenciam positivamente os sistemas de crencas e os sistemas de controle interativo; enquanto outras influenciam negativamente os sistemas de controle diagnostico. Averiguou se ainda que os sistemas de crencas influenciam de forma positiva o desempenho no trabalho, mediados de forma parcial pela criatividade individual. Estes resultados denotam a importancia dos SCG para estimular a criatividade individual dos gestores, para auxiliar na realizacao das tarefas na organizacao e, consequentemente, aumentar o desempenho no trabalho. Conclui se que os sistemas de crencas, os sistemas de controle interativo e os sistemas de controle diagnostico influenciam na criatividade individual, tal como a criatividade influencia no desempenho no trabalho. Por fim, considera se que a nao significancia da relacao entre sistemas de limites e criatividade individual instiga novas pesquisas.
Biochemical Adaptation of Wild and Cultivated Soybean against Toxicity of Lead Salts.
Venue: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
Year: 2020

Agricultural production is becoming increasingly dependent on the environmental factors that alter soil properties, plant productivity, and product quality. Environment pollution caused by heavy metals because of human activities are among the most dangerous pollutants on the biosphere. Here, we have studied the biochemical adaptation of wild and cultivated soybeans to the simulated effects of lead nitrate and lead acetate. Lead in the form of acetate had a relevant toxic effect, as evidenced by a significant increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the treated samples relative to control samples. Catalase and peroxidase, possibly performing a signaling function, are involved in the adaptation to the toxicity of Pb salts. The studied Pb salts showed a predominant stimulating effect on the specific activity of acid phosphatases in cultivated soybean, while the ribonuclease activity changed in both Glycine species. Moreover, in wild soybean, it was mostly suppressive, except for the first day. We found that the electrophoretic spectra of acid phosphatases of soybean seedlings was highly stabile, while that of ribonucleases varied depending on the salt. On the seventh day of exposure, lead nitrate caused a decrease in the specific activity of the studied hydrolases of seedlings of cultivated and wild soybeans. A change in the number or electrophoretic mobility of multiple forms of enzymes during treatment with Pb salts was revealed, which indicates the adaptation of the plants at the molecular genetic level. These results imply that the observed enzymes can be used as sensitive indicators for predicting the effects of heavy metals on soybean.
Precision Pose Measurement of an Object With Flange Based on Shadow Distribution
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Year: 2020

This paper proposes a novel method to achieve pose measurement in 3 D space using a microscopic camera. For an object with flange on its surface, there is a shadow region around the flange in the image if the camera is equipped with a ring light source. The flange's shadow distribution caused by the ring light source is deduced based on imaging principle. An optimal model used to estimate object's pose is designed based on the flange's shadow distribution. Take the objects with circle flange, which are commonly used in precision assembly as an example, the shadow forming model and the relation between the rotation angle and the shadow width deviation are presented. The rotation axis is determined on the basis of two particular rays on the shadow. Then the object's orientation is computed based on the rotation axis and the rotation angle. A series of simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the high precision of the proposed pose measurement method. The root mean square (rms) errors of position and orientation measurement are 6.26 \mu \text{m} and 0.19deg, respectively.
The Implementation of A Crop Diseases APP Based on Deep Transfer Learning
Venue: 2020 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (ICAIBD)
Year: 2020

Classifying the severity of crop diseases is the staple basic element of the plant pathology for making disease prevent and control strategies. The diagnosis of disease needs timeliness and accuracy. Thanks to the development and popularity of smart phones and mobile networks, this makes possibly to develop mobile applications that can be widely accepted by users in the agricultural community. This paper provides a system that can detect the severity of crop diseases automatically and intelligently through taking photos. The development of this mobile app is based on deep transfer learning that we proposed an improved method with nearly 92% accuracy based on ResNet 50. The significantly high success rate makes the model a very useful advisory or warning tool. This project provides a new idea and solution for the detection of crop diseases in agriculture.
Understanding and promoting adoption of conservation practices by rural landholders
Year: 2006

Research on the adoption of rural innovations is reviewed and interpreted through a cross disciplinary lens to provide practical guidance for research, extension and policy relating to conservation practices. Adoption of innovations by landholders is presented as a dynamic learning process. Adoption depends on a range of personal, social, cultural and economic factors, as well as on characteristics of the innovation itself. Adoption occurs when the landholder perceives that the innovation in question will enhance the achievement of their personal goals. A range of goals is identifiable among landholders, including economic, social and environmental goals. Innovations are more likely to be adopted when they have a high 'relative advantage' (perceived superiority to the idea or practice that it supersedes) and when they are readily trialable (easy to test and learn about before adoption) Non adoption or low adoption of a number of conservation practices is readily explicable in terms of their failure to provide a relative advantage (particularly in economic terms) or a range of difficulties that landholders may have in trialing them.
Understanding and interpreting generalized ordered logit models
Year: 2016

When outcome variables are ordinal rather than continuous, the ordered logit model, aka the proportional odds model (ologit/po) is a popular analytical method. However, generalized ordered logit/partial proportional odds models (gologit/ppo) are often a superior alternative. Gologit/ppo models can be less restrictive than proportional odds models and more parsimonious than methods that ignore the ordering of categories altogether. However, the use of gologit/ppo models has itself been problematic or at least sub optimal. Researchers typically note that such models fit better but fail to explain why the ordered logit model was inadequate or the substantive insights gained by using the gologit alternative. This paper uses both hypothetical examples and data from the 2012 European Social Survey to address these shortcomings.
Anti amnesic and neuroprotective potentials of the mixed muscarinic receptor/sigma1 (s1) ligand ANAVEX2 73, a novel aminotetrahydrofuran derivative
Venue: Journal of psychopharmacology
Year: 2011

Tetrahydro N, N dimethyl 2, 2 diphenyl 3 furanmethanamine hydrochloride (ANAVEX2 73) binds to muscarinic acetylcholine and sigma1 (s1) receptors with affinities in the low micromolar range. We characterized its anti amnesic and neuroprotective potentials in pharmacological and pathological amnesia models. Spatial working memory was evaluated using spontaneous alternation in the Y maze and non spatial memory using passive avoidance procedures. ANAVEX2 73 (0.01 3.0 mg/kg i.p. alleviated the scopolamine and dizocilpine induced learning impairments. ANAVEX2 73 (300 ug/kg) also reversed the learning deficits in mice injected with Ab25 35 peptide, a non transgenic Alzheimer's disease model. When the drug was injected simultaneously with Ab25 35, 7 days before the tests, it blocked the appearance of learning impairments. This protective activity was confirmed since ANAVEX2 73 blocked the Ab25 35 induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus. This effect was differentially sensitive to the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine or the s1 protein antagonist BD1047, confirming the mixed muscarinic/s1 pharmacological action. Finally, its unique demethyl metabolite, ANAVEX19 144, was also effective and ANAVEX2 73 presented a longer duration of action, effective 12 h before Ab25 35, than its related compound ANAVEX1 41. The neuroprotective activity of ANAVEX2 73, its mixed cholinergic/s1 activity, its low active dose range and its long duration of action together reinforce its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease.
Relacoes interpessoais durante o parto: percepcoes de adolescentes
Venue: Revista de Enfermagem da UFSM
Year: 2019

Objetivo: conhecer a percepcao das adolescentes acerca das relacoes interpessoais estabelecidas com os profissionais de um Centro Obstetrico. Metodo: estudo qualitativo exploratorio descritivo. Foram entrevistadas 62 adolescentes que tiveram filho em um Hospital Universitario do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Analise de Conteudo, buscou se visualizar os diferentes papeis profissionais descritos por Peplau. Resultados: o relacionamento interpessoal estabelecido com interacao baseada no respeito, cordialidade, paciencia, solicitude, presenca constante, disposicao para responder aos questionamentos e acoes para transmitir tranquilidade e calma sao aspectos satisfatorios. Porem, o distanciamento, desinformacao, desrespeito e hostilidade tambem despontaram. O surgimento de elementos negativos parece estar ligado as posturas pessoais dos profissionais. Consideracoes Finais: o relacionamento interpessoal nao e compreendido como parte fundamental da assistencia ao parto, deixando de ser explorado em sua plenitude enquanto parte do cuidado, permanecendo em segundo plano e compartimentalizando a assistencia ao parto.  Adolescente; Relacoes profissional paciente; Parto humanizado; Enfermagem