nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Domain Generalization using Causal Matching
Venue: ICML
Year: 2021

Learning invariant representations has been proposed as a key technique for addressing the domain generalization problem. However, the question of identifying the right conditions for invariance remains unanswered. In this work, we propose a causal interpretation of domain generalization that defines domains as interventions under a data generating process. Based on a general causal model for data from multiple domains, we show that prior methods for learning an invariant representation optimize for an incorrect objective. We highlight an alternative condition: inputs across domains should have the same representation if they are derived from the same base object. In practice, knowledge about generation of data or objects is not available. Hence we propose an iterative algorithm called MatchDG that approximates base object similarity by using a contrastive loss formulation adapted for multiple domains. We then match inputs that are similar under the resultant representation to build an invariant classifier. We evaluate MatchDG on rotated MNIST, Fashion MNIST, and PACS datasets and find that it outperforms prior work on out of domain accuracy and learns matches that have over 25\ overlap with ground truth object matches in MNIST and Fashion MNIST. Code repository can be accessed here: \textit{this https URL}
Scalable Log Determinants for Gaussian Process Kernel Learning
Venue: NIPS
Year: 2017

For applications as varied as Bayesian neural networks, determinantal point processes, elliptical graphical models, and kernel learning for Gaussian processes (GPs) one must compute a log determinant of an $n \times n$ positive definite matrix, and its derivatives leading to prohibitive \mathcal{O}(n^3) computations. We propose novel \mathcal{O}(n) approaches to estimating these quantities from only fast matrix vector multiplications (MVMs) These stochastic approximations are based on Chebyshev, Lanczos, and surrogate models, and converge quickly even for kernel matrices that have challenging spectra. We leverage these approximations to develop a scalable Gaussian process approach to kernel learning. We find that Lanczos is generally superior to Chebyshev for kernel learning, and that a surrogate approach can be highly efficient and accurate with popular kernels.
Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China's Huai River policy
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2013

This paper's findings suggest that an arbitrary Chinese policy that greatly increases total suspended particulates (TSPs) air pollution is causing the 500 million residents of Northern China to lose more than 2.5 billion life years of life expectancy. The quasi experimental empirical approach is based on China's Huai River policy, which provided free winter heating via the provision of coal for boilers in cities north of the Huai River but denied heat to the south. Using a regression discontinuity design based on distance from the Huai River, we find that ambient concentrations of TSPs are about 184 mg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 61, 307] or 55% higher in the north. Further, the results indicate that life expectancies are about 5.5 y (95% CI: 0.8, 10.2) lower in the north owing to an increased incidence of cardiorespiratory mortality. More generally, the analysis suggests that long term exposure to an additional 100 mg/m3 of TSPs is associated with a reduction in life expectancy at birth of about 3.0 y (95% CI: 0.4, 5.6)
A SURVEY ON FAKE NEWS DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Year: 2020

In recent years widespread fake news has given rise to several social and political problems. Most of the knowledge today is acquired from digital sources. In Digital media it's difficult to assign accountability to the opinion thanks to which the info received can't be authenticated. Since the extent of ecological and societal issues, machine learning is especially relevant within the perspective of fake messages in Social Media. Anyone can make a message viral which may be a fake or real one. The goal is to understand a mechanism that's automatic, robust, reliable and efficient, despite various challenges which may help for the efforts to progress. In this i present the review on the state of the art of faux news detection mechanisms on social media. After we discuss the background of the issues that are surrounding fake news and therefore the impacts it's on the users. We further discuss on different approaches presented in categories like the content based, social context based and hybrid based methods. We conclude the paper with four keys of open research challenges which will guide the longer term research.
"Los toros guapos" "good looking bulls" animal life, ethics and professional know how on an Andalusian bull breeding estate
Year: 2018

This thesis take the form of an ethnographic exploration of a bull breeding estate called Partido de Resina (formerly Pablo Romero) in the countryside near Seville in Andalusia. The estate, founded in 1885, produces fighting bulls for taurine events in Southern France, Spain and Portugal. At the heart of the thesis is the life cycle of the fighting animals, every chapter being anchored to a particular point in the bull breeding calendar and the lives of the stock. Each chapter draws out specific qualities of the world of the bulls from the perspective of Partido de Resina, rooting the bulls and their people in a wider Spanish and Andalusian landscape and history, with a focus on technical know how and everyday ethics after the 2008 financial crisis. The professionals who care for the Partido de Resina bulls, cows, and calves are the human protagonists of this project; their working routines, hopes, concerns, and stories described through their interactions with the animals which they look after. The core anthropological argument in the thesis is to show how different ethnographically salient forms of life emerge on and around the estate, sometimes weighted towards individual animals, sometimes towards bits of taurine bodies, or breeds, types, lineages, cohorts, and other groupings of stock. The varied, dynamic presence of animal life is contextualised in the literature of the 'animal turn' in anthropology, which has drawn non human life into the ethnographic foreground. A case is made for a nuanced and contextual ethnographic attention to animal life and interiority as it emerges in the field, without an a priori emphasis on animal personhood or subjectivity. In foregrounding the qualities and concerns encountered and worked through during both routine livestock maintenance and extraordinary, definitive events like bullfights, the emergent, multiple character of taurine forms of existence become apparent.
Sustaining the Future of the Public Sector: Insights into a Swedish Municipality's Dealing with Knowledge Management and Succession Planning
Venue: J. Inf. Knowl. Manag.
Year: 2016

The ageing workforce soon leads to a number of retirements in government organisations that will put the knowledge basis at risk. Addressing this point the present study provides an analysis and evaluation of a Swedish municipality's dealing with the aspects of knowledge management and succession planning against the background of demographic developments and the increased relevance of knowledge. It reports findings based on semi structured interviews conducted with executive staff of the municipality. Results of data analysed show that the municipality is far from being ready to master the challenges ahead. To date the municipality follows a sporadic approach rather than a strategic and planned one when addressing the issue of succession planning. Indeed, the findings suggest that a muddling through approach prevails. Based on the findings some suggestions were derived that may help both municipalities facing similar circumstances as well as policy makers drafting suitable policies.
Predicting Heart Disease at Early Stages using Machine Learning: A Survey
Venue: 2020 International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC)
Year: 2020

Predicting and detection of heart disease has always been a critical and challenging task for healthcare practitioners. Hospitals and other clinics are offering expensive therapies and operations to treat heart diseases. So, predicting heart disease at the early stages will be useful to the people around the world so that they will take necessary actions before getting severe. Heart disease is a significant problem in recent times; the main reason for this disease is the intake of alcohol, tobacco, and lack of physical exercise. Over the years, machine learning shows effective results in making decisions and predictions from the broad set of data produced by the health care industry. Some of the supervised machine learning techniques used in this prediction of heart disease are artificial neural network (ANN) decision tree (DT) random forest (RF) support vector machine (SVM) naive Bayes) (NB) and k nearest neighbour algorithm. Furthermore, the performances of these algorithms are summarized.
Chapter 8 Selection and Configuration of Parallel Portfolios
Year: 2017

In recent years the availability of parallel computation resources has grown rapidly. Nevertheless, even for the most widely studied constraint programming problems such as SAT, solver development and applications remain largely focussed on sequential rather than parallel approaches. To ease the burden usually associated with designing, implementing and testing parallel solvers, in this chapter, we demonstrate how methods from automatic algorithm design can be used to construct effective parallel portfolio solvers from sequential components. Specifically, we discuss two prominent approaches for this problem. (I) Parallel portfolio selection involves selecting a parallel portfolio consisting of complementary sequential solvers for a specific instance to be solved (as characterised by cheaply computable instance features) Applied to a broad set of sequential SAT solvers from SAT competitions, we show that our generic approach achieves nearly linear speed up on application instances, and super linear speed ups on combinatorial and random instances. (II) Automatic construction of parallel portfolios via algorithm configuration involves a parallel portfolio of algorithm parameter configurations that is optimized for a given set of instances. Applied to gold medal winning parameterized SAT solvers, we show that our approach can produce significantly better performing SAT solvers than state ofthe art parallel solvers constructed by human experts, reducing time outs by 17% and running time (PAR10 score) by 13% under competition conditions. Marius Lindauer University of Freiburg, Germany, e mail: lindauer@cs.uni freiburg.de Holger Hoos University of British Columbia, Canada Leiden University, Netherlands,
Mechanical properties and energy absorption capability of functionally graded F2BCC lattice fabricated by SLM
Year: 2018

Metallic lattice structures with complex internal design can be fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology. These lattice structures are finding many applications such as in personal protective equipment and packaging due to their distinctive properties, combining the lightweight and high strength. In this study, experimental compression tests and finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted to investigate and compare the mechanical properties and energy absorption capability of functionally graded and uniform F2BCC lattice structures made of Al 12Si aluminium alloy and manufactured by SLM process. The solid struts diameters and surface morphology were examined using scanning electron microscope. The functionally graded lattice structures were found to exhibit distinct deformation behaviour as compared to the uniform lattice structure. Results of finite element analysis were found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental data and with the predictions of the analytical models for graded lattice structure. The total cumulative energy absorption per unit volume was higher in functionally graded lattice than in uniform lattice. Finally, mechanical characteristics and coefficients of three Gibson and Ashby analytical equations were also determined, which could be used to estimate the mechanical properties of other SLM fabricated functionally graded lattice structures.
An oil production forecast for China considering economic limits
Year: 2016

In recent years, it has become apparent that oil prices may not rise endlessly. Unconventional oil is likely to be especially affected by low prices because it tends to be high priced to extract. To estimate the impact prices might have on future Chinese oil production, we develop a model in which only future unconventional oil production is affected by price. We analyze three price scenarios: Stays Low, Best Estimate, and Ever Rising Prices. In these scenarios, remaining Ultimate Recoverable Resources (URR) are estimated to be 10% 50% and 90% of remaining Technically Recoverable Resources, respectively. Since oil price can be expected to affect the shape of the extraction curve, we spread estimated URR to year using models that do not assume that future production will ultimately produce a symmetric Hubbert type curve (Multi Cycle Generalized Weng Model and Stochastic Resource Constrained Growth Model) In the Best Estimate Scenario, China's oil production is expected to reach a maximum of 226.79 million tons in 2020. In the Ever Rising Prices Scenario, China's maximum oil production occurs in 2023. In the Stays Low Scenario, maximum production has already been reached.
Patriotisme Dan Nasionalisme Dalam Film Pendekatan Semiotik Dalam Film Garuda Di Dadaku
Year: 2011

Film Garuda Di Dadaku salah satu film anak anak yang mengusung nasionalisme dan patriotisme, film yang meraih penghargaan kategori film terbaik anak anak tahun 2009 oleh FFI, film yang mampu meraup 1 juta penonton dalam dua minggu. Film Garuda Di Dadaku selain mendapat penghargaan sebagai film terbaik, film ini pun mendapat penghargaan oleh MTV Indonesian Award sebagai film yang memiliki judul sama dengan soundtracknya, yaitu Garuda Di Dadaku. Dengan tujuan dari sang sutradara menumbuhkan rasa nasionalisme dan patriotisme sejak dini pada anak anak, Garuda Di Dadaku menyuguhkan adegan nasionalisme dan patriotisme melalui simbol simbol, dengan perantara objek olah raga yaitu sepak bola, olah raga yang sangat populer di Indonesia, yang digemari kalangan manapun dan usia berapapun. Dari film ini, diketahui bahwa film "Garuda Di Dadaku" banyak mengusung nilai nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme. Dari sisi produksi, nilai nilai patriotisme dan nasionalisme dalam film ini sangat kental, terutama perjuangan Bayu bagaimana untuk dapat meraih cita citanya serta persahabatan yang dijalin antara Bayu dan Heri. Sang sutradara mengemas film yang bertema nasionalisme dan patriotisme ini secara sederhana, dengan analisis yang dilakukan, peneliti mengasumsikan bahwa patriotisme dan nasionalisme sekarang sangat penting untuk dilakukan, dan sikap tersebut tidak hanya dengan wujud peperangan atau kekerasan. Seperti yang dilakukan Heri terhadap Bayu dalam film ini, melalui rasa persahabatan yang terjalin secara erat, Heri selalu mendukung cita cita Bayu, memberikan semangat agar tidak mudah pantang menyerah untuk mewujudkan impiannya menjadi Tim Nasional U 13. Pengabdian Bayu terhadap negaranya, dengan cita cita ingin memakai seragam sepak bola yang berlambangkan garuda di dadanya, sudah menjadi salah satu nilai nasionalisme.
High frequency off target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR Cas nucleases in human cells
Venue: Nature Biotechnology
Year: 2013

Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA guided nucleases (RGNs) have rapidly emerged as a facile and efficient platform for genome editing. Here, we use a human cell based reporter assay to characterize off target cleavage of CRISPR associated (Cas)9 based RGNs. We find that single and double mismatches are tolerated to varying degrees depending on their position along the guide RNA (gRNA) DNA interface. We also readily detected off target alterations induced by four out of six RGNs targeted to endogenous loci in human cells by examination of partially mismatched sites. The off target sites we identified harbored up to five mismatches and many were mutagenized with frequencies comparable to (or higher than) those observed at the intended on target site. Our work demonstrates that RGNs can be highly active even with imperfectly matched RNA DNA interfaces in human cells, a finding that might confound their use in research and therapeutic applications.
A discricionariedade da pena na justica consensual criminal
Year: 2012

This article integrates the dissertation developing to the Program of After Graduation in Law and Right, the University Gama Filho Rio de Janeiro and examines the application of the penalty in the criminal transaction hypotheses, from documents harvested along one of the Special Criminal Courts of the of the state of Baixada Fluminense one of Rio de Janeiro, confronting them with legal and doctrinal speech about conceptual references this institute and the constitucional principles of the legality and the priority of the penalty, questioning the validity of the Democratic State of law in the light of the effectiveness of these principles.
Antiretroviral drugs saquinavir and ritonavir reduce inhibitory concentration values of itraconazole against Histoplasma capsulatum strains in vitro.
Venue: The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
Year: 2016

Recent studies have shown that some drugs that are not routinely used to treat fungal infections have antifungal activity, such as protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to saquinavir and ritonavir, and its combination with the antifungal itraconazole. The susceptibility assay was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All strains were inhibited by the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. Saquinavir showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 1mgmL( 1) for both phases, and ritonavir presented minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.0312 to 4mgmL( 1)and from 0.0625 to 1mgmL( 1) for filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. Concerning the antifungal itraconazole, the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.0019 to 0.125mgmL( 1) and from 0.0039 to 0.0312mgmL( 1) for the filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. The combination of saquinavir or ritonavir with itraconazole was synergistic against H. capsulatum, with a significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both drugs against the strains (p<0.05) These data show an important in vitro synergy between protease inhibitors and itraconazole against the fungus H. capsulatum.
An empirical analysis of green convention attendees' switching intentions
Year: 2017

This study aims at proposing to test a research model to gain a better understanding of the relationships among the dimensions of experiential quality, green experiential satisfaction, green alternative attractiveness, green service fairness, green variety seeking, and green switching intentions. The study's findings are based on structural equation model analysis of a convenience sample of 650 attendees at the 13th International Green Building and Energy Savings Exhibition 2016 in Chongqing, China. The results of this analysis contribute to the services marketing theory by providing additional insights into green switching intentions, the dimensions of experiential quality, green experiential satisfaction, green alternative attractiveness, green service fairness, and green novelty seeking. The study's results will assist green convention management in developing and implementing market orientated service strategies to increase the dimensions of experiential quality and green experiential satisfaction, enhance green alternative attractiveness, green service fairness, and green novelty seeking, and decrease green switching intentions.
The first Pliocene albireonid (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) periotic from the western North Pacific and paleobiogeographic significance of fossil delphinoid ear bones of Na arai Formation of Choshi, Chiba, central Japan
Year: 2013

A right periotic of Albireonidae (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) from the Pliocene Na arai Formation of Chiba, central Japan, is described. The albireonid specimen is the second reported from the western North Pacific and the first recorded from the Pliocene. Thus, this discovery largely extends our knowledge of paleobiogeography of Albireonidae. The Na arai specimen shares following features with the type species of Albireo: having the large aperture for the cochlear aqueduct; the trapezoidal cochlear portion and the large angle between the caudal tympanic process and the lateral edge of the cochlear portion in ventral view; the mediolaterally narrow posterior bullar facet; shallow grooves on the posterior bullar facet. However, the present specimen probably belongs to different species from the type species because of differences of morphology in the internal acoustic meatus and anterior process. The fossil ear bone assemblage of Delphinoidea from the Na arai Formation provides important data for comparing Pliocene delphinoid faunas of the western North Pacific with those from other areas of the Pacific. The paleoclimate of the Naarai Formation was probably more similar to those of delphinoid localities in the eastern regions of the North and South Pacific than to those of other fossil localities in the western North Pacific.  The first Pliocene albireonid (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) periotic from the western North Pacific and paleobiogeographic significance of fossil delphinoid ear bones of Na arai Formation of Choshi, Chiba, central Japan Mizuki Murakami and Yoshiki Koda
Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Roles in Neurological Disorders
Venue: Stem cells international
Year: 2021

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells, which have been recognized as a novel platform for intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS) Exosomes are capable of transferring proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites between neurons and glial cells, contributing to CNS development and maintenance of homeostasis. Evidence shows that exosomes originating from CNS cells act as suppressors or promoters in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. Moreover, these exosomes have been shown to transfer molecules associated with diseases through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and thus can be detected in blood. This unique feature enables exosomes to act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurological disorders. In addition, a substantial number of researches have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have repair effects on neurological disorders. Herein, we briefly introduce the roles of exosomes under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, novel roles of exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for neurological disorders are highlighted.