nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Streamflow drought: implication of drought definitions and its application for drought forecasting
Venue: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Year: 2021

Streamflow drought forecasting is a key element of contemporary drought early warning systems (DEWS) The term streamflow drought forecasting (not streamflow forecasting) however, has created confusion within the scientific hydrometeorological community as well as in operational weather and water management services. Streamflow drought forecasting requires an additional step, which is the application of a drought identification method to the forecasted streamflow time series. The way streamflow drought is identified is the main reason for this misperception. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to provide a comprehensive overview of the differences between different drought identification approaches to identify droughts in European rivers, including an analysis of both historical drought and implications for forecasting. Streamflow data were obtained from the LISFLOOD hydrological model forced with gridded meteorological observations (known as LISFLOOD Simulation Forced with Observed, SFO) The same model fed with seasonal meteorological forecasts of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts system 5 (ECMWF SEAS 5) was used to obtain the forecasted streamflow. Streamflow droughts were analyzed using the daily and monthly variable threshold methods (VTD and VTM, respectively) the daily and monthly fixed threshold methods (FTD and FTM, respectively) and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) Our results clearly show that streamflow droughts derived from different approaches deviate from each other in their characteristics, which also vary in different climate regions across Europe. The daily threshold methods (FTD and VTD) identify 25 50 more drought events than the monthly threshold methods (FTM and VTM) and accordingly the average drought duration is longer for the monthly than for the daily threshold methods. The FTD and FTM, in general, identify drought occurrences earlier in the year than the VTD and VTM. In addition, the droughts obtained with the VTM and FTM approaches also have higher drought deficit volumes (about 25 30 than the VTD and FTD approaches. Overall, the characteristics of SSI 1 drought are close to what is being identified by the VTM. The different outcome obtained with the drought identification methods illustrated with the historical analysis is also found in drought forecasting, as documented for the 2003 drought across Europe and for the Rhine River specifically. In the end, there is no unique hydrological drought definition (identification method) that fits all purposes, and hence developers of DEWS and end users should clearly agree in the co design phase upon a sharp definition of which type of streamflow drought is required to be forecasted for a specific application.
From NAFLD to MAFLD: Implications of a Premature Change in Terminology
Venue: Hepatology
Year: 2020

Despite the substantial gains in our understanding of NAFLD/NASH over the past 2 decades, there has been some dissatisfaction with the terminology "non alcoholic" which overemphasizes "alcohol" and underemphasizes the root cause of this liver disease, namely, the predisposing metabolic risk factors. As a potential remedy, a name change from NAFLD to metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed. Although MAFLD reflects the relevant risk factors for this liver disease, this term is still suboptimal, leaving a great deal of ambiguity. Here, we caution that changing the name without understanding its broad implications can have a negative impact on the field. In this context, changing the terminology without new understanding of the molecular basis of the disease entity, new insights in risk stratification or other important aspect of this liver disease, can create unnecessary confusion which could negatively impact the field. At a time when the field is facing substantial challenges around disease awareness as well as clarity of acceptable endpoints for drug development and biomarker discovery, changing the terminology from one suboptimal name to another suboptimal name without full assessment is expected to deepen these challenges. In the context of this debate about terminology, we recommend the creation of a true international consensus group to include all the relevant scientific liver societies (AASLD, EASL, ALEH, APASL) patient advocacy organizations, bio pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies and policy makers. A consensus meeting must assess the impact and consequences of changing the terminology based on the available evidence and make recommendations that will move the field forward. By this approach, a true collaborative international and inclusive consensus can be adopted by all stakeholders dealing with this important global liver disease.
Study on Control Law for Integrated Variable Geometry Ramjet Engine
Year: 2010

A control law design optimization model of supersonic missile/ramjet integration based on energy method is presented.By reasonably adjusting nozzle throat area,inlet subsonic overflow drag is reduced and inlet supersonic pressure recovery coefficient is increased,and specific fuel consumption of the ramjet is reduced,as a result,the missile's total launch weight is reduced.The design optimization model includes a model of predicting the missile lift drag characteristic and a model of computating the ramjet characteristic and installation characteristic,a model of integrating constrain analysis and mission analysis.Composingof missile weight is also taken into account in the design optimization model.The computer program was integrated into iSIGHT software,and the optimization tools of iSIGHT are employed to implement control law design optimization.Computing results of some ramjet engine show that optimally adjusting nozzle throat area can obviously reduce missile launch weight and increase missile maneuverability.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Public Sector Sponsored and Private Sector Sponsored Mutual Funds in India
Year: 2017

The concept of mutual funds in India dates back to the year 1963. The era between 1963 and 1987 marked the existence of only one mutual fund Company in India, namely the Unit Trust of India (UTI) with Rs. 67 billion assets under management (AUM) Few other mutual fund companies entered the mutual fund market later on. The private sector funds started penetrating the fund families during 1993. Kothari Pioneer was the first private sector mutual fund company in India which has now merged with Franklin Templeton. By the end of 1993, the total AUM of the industry was Rs. 470. 04 billion. Just after ten years with private sector penetration, the total assets rose up to Rs. 1218. 05 billion and till 2004, it reached the height of 1540 billion. The total AUM of the mutual fund industry has risen up to 14000 billion in April, 2016. Today there are 43 mutual funds in India offering a number of schemes suited to the needs of different type of customers. It has been noticed that the private sector mutual funds have been taking more risks and have also been able to gain higher returns on an average. This paper tries to highlight the comparative performance of public and private sector mutual funds and also throw light on the scope of the existing potential of the fund market in the face of traditional risk aversion of the investors and huge rise in financial assets.
Identification of Edible Macrofungi at Kerandangan Protected Forest Natural Park, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia
Year: 2020

Indonesia is considered as a mega biodiversity country that has a massive amount of vascular and non vascular plants. The tropical environment condition of Indonesia could support the growth of macrofungi. Information about edible macrofungi from the Forest of Lombok Island is based on limited data. This research aims to characterize the edible macrofungi at Kerandangan Protected Forest Natural Park, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This research was a descriptive and explorative study. The edible mushrooms were observed through the Cruise method by following the particular track inside the forest. The sample found in the forest then documented and evaluated. A morphological analysis procedure was performed to assess the profile and similarity between the microscopic evaluations with the mushrooms identification book. In this study, we also offered a phylogeny analysis based on morphological characters similarity. The Dendogram tree was reconstructed using PAST 3.0. software. The result showed that there are eight species of edible mushrooms found that were group into Basidiomycota, namely, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces umkowaan, Termitomyces sp.1, Pleorotus flabelatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus desimenatus, Tremella fuciformis, and Polyporus sp. All of them involved in Basidiomycota. Based on characterization and identification, the species are grouped into three Ordos and five Families. Most of the edible macrofungi found at Kerandangan Protected Forest Natural Park growth at soil and deadwood.
Optimal Edge Resource Allocation in IoT Based Smart Cities
Venue: IEEE Network
Year: 2019

With IoT based smart cities, massive heterogeneous IoT devices are running diverse advanced services for unprecedented intelligence and efficiency in various domains of city life. Given the exponentially growing number of IoT devices and the large number of smart city services as well as their different QoS requirements, it has been a big challenge for servers to optimally allocate limited resources to all hosted applications for satisfactory performance. Note that by pushing the computing and storage resources to the proximity of end IoT devices, and deploying applications in distributed edge servers, edge computing technology appears to be a promising solution for this challenge. Toward this, we study in this article how to allocate edge resources for average service response time minimization. Besides the proposed algorithms, extensive numerical results are also presented to validate their efficacy.
Faut il apprendre aux etudiants comment lire un texte? Recit d'une demarche de pratique reflexive chez des professeurs de plusieurs disciplines au sujet de la lecture
Year: 2017

Certaines etudes deplorent que 19,4 des diplomes universitaires nes au Quebec ne possedent pas un niveau de litteratie suffisant pour bien fonctionner en societe. Un individu n'ayant pas un niveau de litteratie suffisant pour fonctionner en societe pourrait s'averer un bon lecteur de romans, mais ne pas se trouver en mesure de comprendre un manuel d'instructions; ou bien etre apte a lire un article, mais incapable de porter un jugement critique sur la fiabilite de celui ci. Or, lorsque nous souhaitons que nos etudiants fassent des apprentissages a travers les textes que nous leur donnons a lire, quelle que soit la discipline, nous nous attendons a ce qu'ils aient un niveau de litteratie suffisamment eleve pour effectuer le transfert attendu. Helas, la realite semble en effet tout autre plusieurs professeurs remarquent les difficultes qu'eprouvent nombre d'etudiants lorsqu'ils ont a s'approprier des savoirs par la lecture, et ce, pas seulement dans les cours de francais. Conscients de cette problematique, six professeurs du Cegep Gerald Godin, appartenant a differentes disciplines, ont accepte de participer a un projet visant a favoriser le developpement de l'autoregulation en lecture de leurs etudiants. Alors que le projet en est encore a ses debuts, force est de constater que la demarche engage les participants dans un processus de reflexion au regard de leur propre rapport a la lecture et de son utilisation en tant qu'outil d'apprentissage aupres de leurs etudiants. L'article presente quelques faits saillants de cette demarche reflexive qu'ont realisee ces professeurs, ainsi que les questionnements et les enjeux que celle ci a mis au jour. Par ailleurs, quelques pistes d'actions sont presentees pour les professeurs qui voudraient ameliorer le potentiel pedagogique des activites d'apprentissage par la lecture proposees a leurs etudiants.
Reaching for the Cure: Texas Medicaid Doesn't Cover Hepatitis C Drugs Until Patients Are Seriously Ill.
Venue: Texas medicine
Year: 2020

Infectious disease specialist Ogechika Alozie, MD, has a ready made solution for patients diagnosed with hepatitis C now that five medications can rid patients of this deadly disease. But for Texas Medicaid patients, there's a catch. The program does not pay for the cure based just on a diagnosis. Instead, Medicaid pays only after a blood test, biopsy, or sonogram shows the liver is so badly damaged that it's on the verge of cirrhosis. At that point, patients who get the medication will be cured of their hepatitis C but more vulnerable to other deadly illnesses, like liver cancer.
FPGA Implementation of Image Enhancement using Verilog HDL
Year: 2020

Image enhancement is one of the challenging issues in low level image processing. This paper discusses basic image enhancement techniques with their implementation and results using a Hardware Description Language, Verilog. The use of HDLs to provide signal processing results is quite new technique replacing the classical simulations and operating a direct connection to hardware VLSI implementations. The purpose of this paper is designing, modeling, simulation and synthesis of four image enhancement techniques on FPGA. Image enhancement operations can be classified as a point processing techniques, in which operation is done on pixel level and Spatial Filtering Technique, in which operation is performed within neighborhood of a pixel.
Deep Voice 2: Multi Speaker Neural Text to Speech
Venue: NIPS
Year: 2017

We introduce a technique for augmenting neural text to speech (TTS) with lowdimensional trainable speaker embeddings to generate different voices from a single model. As a starting point, we show improvements over the two state ofthe art approaches for single speaker neural TTS: Deep Voice 1 and Tacotron. We introduce Deep Voice 2, which is based on a similar pipeline with Deep Voice 1, but constructed with higher performance building blocks and demonstrates a significant audio quality improvement over Deep Voice 1. We improve Tacotron by introducing a post processing neural vocoder, and demonstrate a significant audio quality improvement. We then demonstrate our technique for multi speaker speech synthesis for both Deep Voice 2 and Tacotron on two multi speaker TTS datasets. We show that a single neural TTS system can learn hundreds of unique voices from less than half an hour of data per speaker, while achieving high audio quality synthesis and preserving the speaker identities almost perfectly.
Categorization of Third Party Apps in Electronic Health Record App Marketplaces: Systematic Search and Analysis
Venue: JMIR medical informatics
Year: 2020

Third party electronic health record (EHR) apps allow health care organizations to extend the capabilities and features of their EHR system. Given the widespread utilization of EHRs and the emergence of third party apps in EHR marketplaces, it has become necessary to conduct a systematic review and analysis of apps in EHR app marketplaces.  The goal of this review is to organize, categorize, and characterize the availability of third party apps in EHR marketplaces.  Two informaticists (authors JR and BW) used grounded theory principles to review and categorize EHR apps listed in top EHR vendors' public facing marketplaces.  We categorized a total of 471 EHR apps into a taxonomy consisting of 3 primary categories, 15 secondary categories, and 55 tertiary categories. The three primary categories were administrative (n=203, 43.1% provider support (n=159, 33.8% and patient care (n=109, 23.1% Within administrative apps, we split the apps into four secondary categories: front office (n=77, 37.9% financial (n=53, 26.1% office administration (n=49, 24.1% and office device integration (n=17, 8.4% Within the provider support primary classification, we split the apps into eight secondary categories: documentation (n=34, 21.3% records management (n=27, 17.0% care coordination (n=23, 14.4% population health (n=18, 11.3% EHR efficiency (n=16, 10.1% ordering and prescribing (n=15, 9.4% medical device integration (n=13, 8.2% and specialty EHR (n=12, 7.5% Within the patient care primary classification, we split the apps into three secondary categories: patient engagement (n=50, 45.9% clinical decision support (n=40, 36.7% and remote care (n=18, 16.5% Total app counts varied substantially across EHR vendors. Overall, the distribution of apps across primary categories were relatively similar, with a few exceptions.  We characterized and organized a diverse and rich set of third party EHR apps. This work provides an important reference for developers, researchers, and EHR customers to more easily search, review, and compare apps in EHR app marketplaces.
Strictness of the log concavity of generating polynomials of matroids
Venue: J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A
Year: 2021

Recently, it was proved by Anari Oveis Gharan Vinzant, Anari Liu Oveis Gharan Vinzant and Branden Huh that, for any matroid $M$ its basis generating polynomial and its independent set generating polynomial are log concave on the positive orthant. Using these, they obtain some combinatorial inequalities on matroids including a solution of strong Mason's conjecture. In this paper, we study the strictness of the log concavity of these polynomials and determine when equality holds in these combinatorial inequalities. We also consider a generalization of our result to morphisms of matroids.
Respect for personhood: Concrete implications of a philosophical misunderstanding
Venue: Clinical Ethics
Year: 2019

Intentionally or not, our clinical practice is informed by our philosophical premises. A subtle misunderstanding can have frequent, though insidious, implications in day to day clinical encounters. The author draws from a clinical encounter with an aphasic patient to argue that the bioethical principle of Respect for Personhood has come to be understood in an unnecessarily narrow sense as self determination due to the failure to distinguish between its application in research ethics versus clinical practice. This erroneous equivalence is present even in the very landmark texts that marked the beginning of contemporary bioethics, largely due to a misunderstanding of autonomy in Kantian ethics. The resulting emphasis on self determination has, in turn, threatened to cast the clinical partnership between patient and physician in a falsely adversarial light. The author maintains that Respect for Persons is a principle that is intended to go beyond the imperative to ensure self determination, and that a change in paradigm with regard to how this principle is taught and understood would be helpful in serving those patients who need its protection the most.
What Are We REALLY Looking for in a Letter of Recommendation?
Venue: Journal of surgical education
Year: 2019

The letter of recommendation (LOR) is an important component of a residency application. There is great subjectivity in the interpretation of a letter writer's narrative and many residencies have moved toward standardized LORs (sLOR) We aimed to scrutinize the importance afforded to specific content and applicant attributes in an LOR in hopes of decoding this time honored process.  A 35 question survey comprised of nonidentifying general questions, and participant evaluation of applicant characteristics and LOR phrases were administered (cross sectional design) Evaluations were scored both objectively on a 10 point Likert scale and subjectively using a relative ranking.  Academic, tertiary care center with a large general surgery residency program (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN) PARTICIPANTS Surgery attendings and general surgery residents (n 122) RESULTS Seventy two attendings and 50 general surgery residents completed the survey. Faculty ranked strong work ethic/hard working (median rank 1) and inquisitive/hungry learner (median rank 3) as the top 2 attributes. "We will plan to recruit this candidate" (median rank 1.5) and "I give my highest recommendation" (median rank 2) were the top 2 phrases. Residents valued strong work ethic and collaborative/team player as the top 2 applicant attributes. Seventy three percent of attendings and 82% of residents agreed that LOR allows the applicant pool to be divided into upper and lower halves. Only 17% of faculty and 18% of residents agreed that an LOR allowed candidate stratification into quartiles.  Elaborating the most favorable applicant characteristics and highly regarded content in an LOR will help truly exceptional candidates obtain letters that make them stand out in the eyes of their evaluators. Since LORs are mostly considered to be able to stratify only upper and lower halves of the applicant pool, it is imperative to move toward LORs which portray superior applicant qualities, and can provide more objective evaluation of a candidate.
Green fabrication, characterization and antibacterial potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Aloe socotrina leaf extract: A novel drug delivery approach
Venue: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
Year: 2020

Currently, nanotechnology is a prolific area of scientific research. As they can be synthesized in an eco friendly manner, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) provide an attractive solution to combat bacterial infection. In this study, synthesis of ZnO NPs using Aloe socotrina (As) leaf extract and characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. UV spectroscopy analysis showed that the maximum absorption was at about 315 nm. TEM images of the ZnO NPs definite the structure of ZnO NPs ranging from 15 to 50 nm in size while XRD spectra revealed their crystallinity. To understand the antibacterial activity of NPs, extensive experiments were performed using several assays such as agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, growth kinetics, intracellular uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antibiofilm activity. The A. socotrina capped ZnO NPs (As ZnO NPs) revealed significant activity against biofilms formed by four bacterial pathogens, which can interfere with the management of drug resistant bacterial diseases caused by these biofilms. In summary, this novel biosynthesis technique of As ZnO NPs with potent bactericidal activity offers an effective solution for the management of UTI pathogens.
Is There Such A Thing As Too Much Intelligence
Year: 2018

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the drivers and barriers of adoption of technology such as AI and how it could facilitate an internationalization. The thesis also hopes to explore how Born Global e commerce companies are working towards an adoption of AI into the companies CRM system. The model of multiple case study was chosen together with a qualitative method and an abductive approach. This was done by collecting primary data from three different Born Global firms within the e commerce sector, as well as one CRM expert company, all located in Sweden and active on the international market. Furthermore, the theoretical framework presented Born Global, Technology Adoption, Customer Relationship Management and Artificial Intelligence. With the theoretical framework in mind, the conceptual framework was developed to show how the theories are connected to each other. Thereafter, the empirical findings were first presented and analysed together with theory and the voice of the authors of the thesis. The analysis visualize both similarities and dissimilarities between the empirical findings and the theory presented in the thesis. The final chapter concludes the barriers and drivers that Born Global e commerce companies faces when adopting AI into their CRM system. It also explains how AI within CRM could be beneficial as a tool on the Global market, rather than in the actual process of internationalization. To conclude the authors present the fact that companies are not working towards an adoption of AI into their CRM systems. However, further development within the field is presented as well as theoretical and practical implications.