nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The ethics of war in Islam: A historical and analytical perspectives in early Islamic era (1 23 Hijri) Suhair Moh'd Daifallah Bataineh
Year: 2018

The negative practices in fighting have nowadays become apparent and unquestionable. Therefore, researching and writing about the ethics of war during the era of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) and his caliphs Abu Bakr and Omar (may Allah be pleased with them) becomes a useful study that provides the people at present and in the future with examples of good practice to follow. This research aims to highlight the ethics of Islamic fighting that were practiced by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his caliphs Abu Bakr Al Siddiq and Omar ibn Al Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them) The study followed the historical Inductive and analytical approach in the collection and study of the scientific material needed for this topic. The information related to this study was sourced from the Holy Quran, the Noble Prophetic Hadith, the Prophet's biography, and books of Islamic jurisprudence, history and nations. The study reached several conclusions. The most important of which is that fighting in Islam is based on ethical principles which the early leaders and soldiers of Muslim armies upheld and practiced among themselves and in their dealings with their enemies. Another important conclusion is that some movements which emerged later in some Arab countries, claiming to be Islamic in their cause, are in actuality not Islamic and are far from implementing the true teachings of Islam. The last conclusion is that the period of the rightly guided Caliphs was the most elegant throughout the history of the Islamic preaching (da'awah) the period that truly represented the consistency between the theory and principles of the Islamic fighting and the application, the methodology and rules of which were laid down by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and were followed by his companions afterwards.
Retinal image generation method for retinal projection type super multi view 3D head mounted display
Venue: OPTO
Year: 2020

We have proposed the retinal projection type super multi view head mounted display (HMD) The super multi view method provides stereoscopic information by inducing the accommodation of the human eye by blurring the retinal image. This method uses the principle of Maxwellian view and reconstruct the blur image by overlapping projected each parallax image on the retina. However, considering only the degree of the overlap of the projected parallax images on the retina is not enough for reconstructing the real blur. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the optimal method considering not only the degree of the overlap of the parallax images projected on the retina but also the light intensity of each parallax image to reconstruct the real blur. From the evaluation experiment, we verified that the proposed method improves the reproducibility of blur compared to the method considering only the degree of superimposition of the parallax images projected on the retina. Furthermore, it was also confirmed that the prototype system can display 3D images in the depth range of human ocular accommodation from 200mm to 2000mm. The super multi view HMD based on the proposed method can induce the accommodation of the human eye with the high reproducibility blur and provide more natural 3D images.
Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities.
Venue: International journal of pharmaceutics
Year: 2017

Various gastrointestinal (GI) factors affect drug and formulation behavior after oral administration, including GI transfer, motility, pH and GI fluid volume and composition. An in depth understanding of these physiological and anatomical variables is critical for a continued progress in oral drug development. In this review, different methodologies (invasive versus non invasive) to explore the impact of physiological variables on formulation behavior in the human GI tract are presented, revealing their strengths and limitations. The techniques mentioned allow for an improved understanding of the role of following GI variables: gastric emptying (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scintigraphy, acetaminophen absorption technique, ultrasonography, breath test, intraluminal sampling and telemetry) motility (MRI, small intestinal/colonic manometry and telemetry) GI volume changes (MRI and ultrasonography) temperature (telemetry) and intraluminal pH (intraluminal sampling and telemetry)
The Rite of Spring at 100. Ed. Severine Neff, Maureen Carr, Gretchen Horlacher, and John Reef. Musical Meaning and Interpretation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017. xxvii, 520 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. Musical examples. Audiovisual examples. $54.99, enhan
Venue: Slavic Review
Year: 2018
Design of Intelligent Warehouse Management System
Venue: Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Year: 2018

With the continuous development and application of information technology in the logistics industry, mobile applications, bar code, wireless communication, system integration and other technologies are widely used in warehouse management. Focusing on warehousing process management has become a new trend of informatization and lean management of material warehouse management. In this paper, the management of distributed storage cloud model is discussed, and a variety of automation, intelligence and information technology are utilized to effectively integrate the resources effectively. The author studies the resource scheduling optimization problem in the system, proposes an effective scheduling method, and initially realizes the intelligent warehouse management system based on cloud model, which provides users with a good package management service.
Implementation of literacy strategies and the impact on word problems
Year: 2019

Lindsey R. Glick IMPLEMENTATION OF LITERACY STRATEGIES AND THE IMPACT ON WORD PROBLEMS 2018 2019 Marjorie Madden, Ph.D. Master of Arts in Reading Education The purpose of this study is to determine whether the implementation of literacy strategies in a fifth grade mathematics classroom would affect comprehension. The specific aim is to see what happens when students utilize literacy strategies when solving mathematical word problems. Three literacy topics were the focal point in this study: vocabulary, writing, and comprehension. Literacy strategies from each topic were introduced and applied during a mathematics class. Surveys, math journals, graphic organizers, classroom discussions, and interviews were analyzed. The limitations and implications for incorporating literacy instruction in a mathematics class are discussed.
The new electoral power brokers: macro and micro level effects of 'born free' South Africans on voter turnout
Venue: Commonwealth Comparative Politics
Year: 2019

The emergence of a born free South African generation holds significant implications for voter turnout. At the macro level, the youth bulge has changed aggregate turnout patterns, supporting Franklin's (2004) Voter turnout and the dynamics of electoral competition in established democracies since 1945. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press] argument that demographics shifts produce changes in aggregate political behaviour even when individuals do not change their behaviour. At the micro level, born free South Africans exhibit attitudinal and cognitive differences from their older, partisan led counterparts when deciding to vote, lending some support to Dalton's (1984) Cognitive mobilization and partisan dealignment in advanced industrial democracies. The Journal of Politics, 46(1) 264 284] cognitive mobilisation thesis.
The Importance of Vocabulary Strategies in English Majors
Year: 2011

This study consists of two periods of writing tests,and analyses the vocabulary using of 50 English majors in their second year of study at Yunnan Normal University.The findings show that,in the timing condition of L2 timed writing,English majors use excessive lower vocabularies.Therefore,the researcher puts forward certain vocabulary strategies for developing English majors' vocabulary abilities and improving writing quality.
Making Connections: Global Production Networks, Standards, and Embeddedness in the Mobile Telecommunications Industry
Year: 2006

The authors investigate the contemporary restructuring of the mobile telecommunications industry with the use of a global production networks (GPNs) perspective. After a brief conceptual discussion of GPN, standard setting and embeddedness, their analysis proceeds in four further stages. First, they consider how technological change has driven the development of complex mobile telecommunications GPNs in a sector previously characterised by relatively linear and simple value chains. Second, they show how processes of deregulation and privatisation over the past two decades have enabled the internationalisation of mobile telecommunications provision. Third, they explore the delicate power balance between embedded state and corporate actors in telecommunications GPNs through a consideration of the changing bases of standard setting in the industry. Despite ongoing processes of globalisation, the continuing importance of national policies and strategies is clear. Fourth, they demonstrate the continuing importance and differentiating role of embeddedness in the transformation of corporate mobile telecommunication GPNs. In sum, it is argued that the mobile telecommunications sector should be understood as a constellation of multiscalar manufacturing and distribution networks connecting together firms, organisations, and customers in geographically uneven ways.
TiDEC: A Two Layered Integrated Decision Cycle for Population Evolution.
Venue: IEEE transactions on cybernetics
Year: 2020

Agent based simulation is a useful approach for the analysis of dynamic population evolution. In this field, the existing models mostly treat the migration behavior as a result of utility maximization, which partially ignores the endogenous mechanisms of human decision making. To simulate such a process, this article proposes a new cognitive architecture called the two layered integrated decision cycle (TiDEC) which characterizes the individual's decision making process. Different from the previous ones, the new hybrid architecture incorporates deep neural networks for its perception and implicit knowledge learning. The proposed model is applied in China and U.S. population evolution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the cognitive computation is used in such a field. Computational experiments using the actual census data indicate that the cognitive model, compared with the traditional utility maximization methods, cannot only reconstruct the historical demographic features but also achieve better prediction of future evolutionary dynamics.
What's so special about BERT's layers? A closer look at the NLP pipeline in monolingual and multilingual models
Venue: FINDINGS
Year: 2020

Peeking into the inner workings of BERT has shown that its layers resemble the classical NLP pipeline, with progressively more complex tasks being concentrated in later layers. To investigate to what extent these results also hold for a language other than English, we probe a Dutch BERT based model and the multilingual BERT model for Dutch NLP tasks. In addition, through a deeper analysis of part of speech tagging, we show that also within a given task, information is spread over different parts of the network and the pipeline might not be as neat as it seems. Each layer has different specialisations, so that it may be more useful to combine information from different layers, instead of selecting a single one based on the best overall performance.
A Recursive Wheel Wear and Vehicle Dynamic Performance Evolution Computational Model for Rail Vehicles with Tread Brakes
Venue: Vehicles
Year: 2019

The increased temperature of the rail wheels due to tread braking causes changes in the wheel material properties. This article considers the dynamic wheel material properties in a wheel wear evolution model by synergistically combining a multi body dynamics vehicle model with a finite element heat transfer model. The brake power is estimated from the rail wheel contact parameters obtained from vehicle model and used in a finite element model to estimate the average wheel temperature. The wheel temperature is then used for wheel wear computation and the worn wheel profile is fed to the vehicle model, thereby forming a recursive simulation chain. It is found that at a higher temperature, the softening of the rail wheel material increases the rate of wheel wear. The most affected dynamic performance parameter of the vehicle is found to be the critical speed, which reduces sharply as the wheel wear exceeds a critical limit.
A study on the effects of sales related factors on brand equity
Year: 2014

Received January 4, 2014 Accepted 1 June 2014 Available online June 3 2014 This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of sales related factors on brand equity. The study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among all 353 sales representatives who work for a dairy producer in province of Mazandaran, Iran. Using principal component analysis, seven variables including qualification criteria, motivation, personality, empowering sales representative, information size, personal characteristics and sales interest in job on brand equity are extracted. The implementation of structural equation modeling has confirmed that there were positive and meaningful relationships between seven factors and brand equity. The highest impact belongs to empowering sales representative followed by qualification criteria, quantity of information, personality and sales motivation.
Femoral neck cortical bone in female and male hip fracture cases: Differential contrasts in cortical width and sub periosteal porosity in 112 cases and controls.
Venue: Bone
Year: 2018

To quantitate differences between cases of hip fracture and controls in cortical width around the mid femoral neck in men and women.  Over 5 years, 64 (14 male) participants over age 55 (mean 79) years, who had never taken bone active drugs and suffered intra capsular hip fracture treated by arthroplasty, donated their routinely discarded distal intra capsular femoral neck bone for histomorphometry. After embedding, complete femoral neck cross sections from the cut surface near the narrowest part of the neck were stained with von Kossa and cortical width was measured radially every 5 degrees of arc. Control material (n 48, 25 male) was available through consented post mortems prior to the year 2000. Cortical widths were averaged for circumferential octants, each representing 45 degrees of arc. Divergence of individual cortical widths from their means was also examined.  Because sections were required to have a complete cortex, sampling was biased towards cases with sub capital versus trans cervical fractures. Compared to sex and age matched controls, male cases showed larger relative differences in cortical widths than female cases. Unexpectedly, cortical widths in female but not male cases also showed marked over representation of extremely narrow <0.1 mm) cortical widths, located mainly posteriorly. The numbers of these very narrow cortical widths observed per subject retrospectively predicted female fracture status in logistic regression independently of mean cortical width values. Together with mean cortical width differences, the numbers of measured cortical widths <0.1 mm (out of 72 measured) raised the sensitivity of predicting fracture status in women from 48 to 80% at 80% specificity. In almost all cases, very narrow cortical widths were identified in regions enclosing a cortical pore roofed on its endosteal surface by thin structural bone defined a priori as trabecular.  Cortical widths <0.1 mm probably reflect zones where endosteal cortex has been trabecularised through expansion of an un refilled sub endosteal canal close to the periosteum. Persistent cortical defects occurring near the periosteal surface, where mechanical loading exerts its greatest stresses, are likely to result in extremes of localized concentrations of stress during a fall, unknown in young normal fallers. Such defects have the potential to help explain the excess of hip fractures among elderly women. Prevention of sub periosteal tunnelling by osteoclasts might explain in part the additional benefits, beyond an increase in bone density, of treatments that reduce excessive bone resorption or else stimulate new bone formation on previously resorbed surfaces.
Anti Glare Coatings Based on Porous Silicon Structures
Year: 2019

1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 2 National University of Science and Technology <MISiS> Moscow, 119991, Russia 3 Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Nigeria *E mail: iaiwe@connect.ust.hk 1* 2 3 3 4 I. A. Iwe, E. A. Gosteva, V. V. Starkov, D. M. Sedlovets and O. Mong View Article Online
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Based on Relative Distance and Association Frequency for the Multi task Coalition Problem
Year: 2013

When solving the multi task coalition problem(MTCP),the ant colony optimization(ACO) algorithm showed deficiencies such as too many iterations and low solution accuracy.For problems above,the ACO algorithm based on relative distance and association frequency was proposed,which adopted two strategies in view of search mechanism and pheromone increment model.First,in order to improve the utilization of resources,the concept of relative distance was introduced,based on which,a more effective search mechanism was proposed.Then,to strengthen the collaborations among ants and make full use of answer information obtained,a pheromone increment model based on association frequency was established.Experiment shows that the proposed algorithm can not only get much more optimal solutions but also greatly enhance convergence speed compared with related algorithms.
Can the DSM 5 differentiate between nonpathological possession and dissociative identity disorder? A case study from an Afro Brazilian religion
Venue: Journal of trauma dissociation the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation
Year: 2016

The aim of this article is to examine whether the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM 5) are able to differentiate between nonpathological religious possession and dissociative identity disorder (DID) We use the case study of an individual who leads an Afro Brazilian religious group (Umbanda) focusing on her personal development and possession experiences from early childhood to the present, spanning a period of more than 40 years, and examine these data following DSM 5 criteria for DID (300.14) Her experiences of possession can be broken into 2 distinct stages. In the 1st stage (childhood and early adulthood) she displayed intrusive thoughts and a lack of control over possession states, which were associated with a heightened state of anxiety, loneliness, amnesia, and family conflict (meeting all 5 criteria for DID) In the 2nd stage (late 20s up to the present) she regularly experienced possession states but felt in control of their onset and found them religiously meaningful. In this 2nd stage, she only fulfilled 3 criteria for DID. We question the accuracy of diagnosing this individual with DID in her earlier life and suggest that the DSM 5 criteria fail to address the ambiguity of affect surrounding possession experiences (positive at the individual level, negative at the interpersonal level) and lack a clearer acknowledgment of the prevalence of possession and other unusual experiences in general populations.
Factors influencing seniors' acceptance of technology for ageing in place in the post implementation stage: A literature review
Venue: Int. J. Medical Informatics
Year: 2019

To identify factors that influence the acceptance of technology for ageing in place by seniors in the post implementation stage. This review is among very few that focus on acceptance in post implementation phase.  A literature review. We searched six databases (Cinahl, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus) Inclusion criteria were: 1) original and peer reviewed research written in English, 2) Articles published in 2010 2018, 3) Empirical research papers, 4) Research in which participants are seniors aged above 60 years, 5) Research aimed at investigating factors that influence the acceptance of digital technology for ageing in place, 6) Research conducted in home environment, 7) Focus on post implementation stage.  Twenty three out of 2181 papers were included. The results show that acceptance of technology in the post implementation stage is influenced by 36 factors, divided into six themes: concerns/problems regarding technology (technical errors, etc. experienced positive characteristics of technology (e.g. ease of use factors, privacy implications) expected benefits of technology (e.g. increased safety, companionship, increased security, etc. need for technology (e.g. perceived need to use) social influence (e.g. influence by peers, family or surroundings) and characteristics of older adults (e.g. past experiences/attitudes, physical environment) The articles considered different types of technology: health monitoring, ADL, safety and communication. The level of technology readiness for digital technologies supporting ageing in place in post implementation stage is still low within the scientific literature, since only seven out of 23 articles studied mature technologies (TRL 8 9 of the technology readiness level scale) The majority of the studies were conducted in Western Europe or the US, and only two were conducted in other regions (Australia, and Taiwan) Qualitative and quantitative methods were equally used in the analysed articles.  Acceptance of technology in the post implementation stage is influenced by multiple factors. An interesting finding was that the seniors' views of technology change between the pre and post implementation stages. Some negative concerns that appeared in the pre implementation stage appear as positive characteristics in the post implementation stage. In the post implementation stage, seniors realize the wide variety of benefits that technology can have on their lives. We expect that findings of this review can be utilised by academics and policy makers for gaining insights for further research and successful implementation of technology for ageing in place.