nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Instance Invariant Domain Adaptive Object Detection via Progressive Disentanglement.
Venue: IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence
Year: 2021

Most state of the art methods of object detection suffer from poor generalization ability when the training and test data are from different domains. To address this problem, previous methods mainly explore to align distribution between source and target domains, which may neglect the impact of the domain specific information existing in the aligned features. Besides, when transferring detection ability across different domains, it is important to extract the instance level features that are domain invariant. To this end, we explore to extract instance invariant features by disentangling the domain invariant features from the domain specific features. Particularly, a progressive disentangled mechanism is proposed to decompose domain invariant and domain specific features, which consists of a base disentangled layer and a progressive disentangled layer. Then, with the help of Region Proposal Network (RPN) the instance invariant features are extracted based on the output of the progressive disentangled layer. Finally, to enhance the disentangled ability, we design a detached optimization to train our model in an end to end fashion. Experimental results on four domain shift scenes show our method is separately 2.3\ 3.6\ 4.0\ and 2.0\ higher than the baseline method. Meanwhile, visualization analysis demonstrates that our model owns well disentangled ability.
The European Union and International Dispute Settlement Introduction
Year: 2017

As an international actor the European Union (EU) faces two types of challenge, each derived from the fact that the EU and its Member States operate internationally both independently and in tandem. The first is external: the challenge to be accepted as an autonomous player on the international stage with an identity and legal personality distinct from its Member States, while at the same time achieving recognition that 'the EU is, under international law, precluded by its very nature from being considered a State' thereby raising legal questions which may require bespoke answers over its participation in treaty regimes, dispute settlement systems and international responsibility. The second challenge, presenting to some degree the reverse of this medal, is internal: the construction of a constitutional framework which allows the EU to participate in international law making and its attendant need for international dispute settlement, while at the same time safeguarding the EU lawmediated relationship between the EU and its Member States. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is certainly itself an international court but it is also in a real sense a 'domestic' court for the EU's own legal order; in both roles it may find itself in competition with other international courts and tribunals.
Experiences of first time mothers with postnatal depression among black sub Sahara African communities in the West Midlands, England
Venue: The Lancet
Year: 2018

The black sub Sahara African communities became visible in UK demography in the run up to the new millennium. This is a growing migrant community with health and maternity related needs that are not fully understood owing to the scarcity of research. This study explored the lived experiences of first time mothers coping with postnatal depression as immigrants in a foreign land.  A phenomenological qualitative approach underpinned by the Silences Framework was used. Data were collected through nine researcher moderated focus groups (60 min) with eight participants and two follow up one to one interviews (30 min) from each focus group. Participants were aged between 18 and 35 years. The data were guided by the Silences Framework analytical stages. Participants were first time black sub Sahara African mothers invited from communities in three cities of Birmingham Coventry and Wolverhampton in the West Midlands, UK. All participants had self identified postnatal depression. Lived experiences of first time mothers were discussed with the research participants during the focus groups within 12 months of childbirth. Ethical approval was gained from the regional sexual health promotion service, and all participants gave written informed consent.  The themes from the study illustrated the challenge new mothers faced of being without the physical, emotional, and teaching support normally provided by relatives while recovering from the physical and emotional effects of childbirth. This difficulty left them feeling that they did not have the important skills for infant care, leading them to experience high anxiety. Most of the mothers indicated loneliness and moments of depression due to the changing roles in being a new mother.  This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a study has been carried out to understand the experience of first time mothers from black sub Sahara African communities in the UK. This study provides important insights to the challenges facing first time mothers within migrant communities. The Silences Framework was key in bringing out stigmatised issues such as depression, since it was developed to research sensitive or marginalised views and make an important contribution to the design and delivery of local services.
Doslidzhennia kategoriyi emotivnosti u konteksti antropotsentrichnoyi paradigmi suchasnoyi lingvistiki
Year: 2015

U statti rozglianuto etapi doslidzhennia kategoriyi emotivnosti. Proanalizovani osnovni pidkhodi do vivchennia poniattia emotivnosti. Pidkresliuiet'sia neobkhidnist' uzagal'nennia ta sistematizatsiyi isnuiuchogo naukovogo dorobku u galuzi emotilogiyi. Vidznachaiet'sia naiavnist' rozbizhnostei dumok lingvistiv shchodo neobkhidnosti doslidzhennia emotsii u movi. Daiet'sia korotka kharakteristika diial'nosti Volgograds'koyi shkoli lingvistiki emotsii. Viiavleno osnovni dosiagnennia vitchiznianoyi ta zarubizhnoyi emotilogiyi za ostanni roki.
New Neanderthal remains associated with the 'Flower Burial' at Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan
Year: 2019

Shanidar Cave in Iraqi Kurdistan became an iconic Palaeolithic site after Ralph Solecki's discoveries in 1951 1960 of 10 Neanderthals, some of whom he argued had died in rockfalls and others controversially buried with formal burial rites, including one with flowers. New excavations began in 2015. In 2018 the team discovered the articulated upper body of an adult Neanderthal near to the 'Flower Burial' location, dating to 70 60 thousand years ago. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that it was a deliberate burial. The new find is the first articulated Neanderthal discovered for some 35 years, so of considerable potential importance for Neanderthal studies.
Contribution of country specific electricity mix and charging time to environmental impact of battery electric vehicles: A case study of electric buses in Germany
Venue: Applied Energy
Year: 2019

In many countries, the replacement of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offers an opportunity to reduce CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) emissions in traffic. BEVs have significantly greater energy conversion efficiency from energy storage to wheel (tank to wheel [TTW] and zero tailpipe emissions; these features are in stark contrast to the environmental burdens posed by vehicle production and electricity generation (well to tank [WTT] Since CO2eq emissions from vehicle use of BEVs account for the majority of the entire life cycle emissions, it is important to closely examine the CO2eq intensity of electricity generation, which varies based on the sources of energy in the electricity mix of each country and time of day. This paper compares the environmental impact of diesel and electric buses in the city of Aachen throughout their life cycles and analyzes the effects of electricity generation with reference to variation in charging time. Based on recorded driving profiles, the vehicle dynamics of the longitudinal motion are simulated, and the energy demand as a function of the altitude profile and ambient temperature is calculated. The calculation of the quarter hourly CO2eq intensity is combined with the vehicle life cycle model in order to examine the effects of electricity generation on BEV life cycle emissions. To analyze the correlation between charging time and BEV environmental impact, different charging scenarios are defined, and CO2eq savings from replacing ICEVs with BEVs are estimated. Scenario analyses are conducted over both short and long term time scales to predict the future environmental and economic benefits and costs of BEVs compared to ICEVs. The results demonstrate a significant dependency of BEV environmental impact on charging time, which varies by time of day and season. At night, the contribution of renewable energies to the electricity mix is low, and the variation in CO2eq intensity is limited; therefore, the environmental impact of charging time is lower compared to charging at noon. The larger CO2eq emissions of BEV production are compensated for all scenarios within the first year of operation. However, if BEVs are charged with electricity generated exclusively by lignite fired power plants, more CO2eq emissions are released over their lifetimes compared to ICEVs; this scenario also holds when ICEVs are fueled with biodiesel. Overall, the positive environmental balance of BEVs is not based on a low CO2eq intensity, but on the greater energy conversion efficiency and the possibility of recuperating braking energy. These properties are particularly advantageous in urban traffic.
Shy of the Character Limit: "Twitter Mood Predicts the Stock Market" Revisited
Year: 2017

In the 2011 article "Twitter Mood Predicts the Stock Market" by Johan Bollen, Huina Mao, and Xiaojun Zeng,  and found that this measure Granger caused increases in the Dow Jones Industrial Average from February 28, 2008 to November 3, 2008. The paper and related work has attracted attention by journalists, finance practitioners, and academics. In just six years the paper accumulated 2,514 Google Scholar citations and 678 Web of Science citations (as of April 24, 2017) We subject the paper to thoroughgoing scrutiny, including an attempt to replicate the findings in sample. Using the authors' subsampling technique, we replicate their sample window (less the since deleted and hence unavailable tweets) and extend it backwards to include 2007. Constructing multiple measures of Twitter mood using word count methods and standard sentiment analysis tools, we are unable to reproduce the p value pattern that they found. We find evidence of a statistically significant Twitter mood effect in their subsample, but not in the backwards extended sample, a result consistent with data snooping. We find no evidence that our measures of Twitter mood aid in predicting the stock market out of sample. Congruously, the hedge fund set up in late 2010 to implement the Twitter mood strategy, Derwent Capital Markets, failed and closed in early 2012.
A Social Cognitive View of Self Regulated Learning About Health*
Venue: Health education behavior the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education
Year: 2014

Researchers interested in health related learning have recently begun to study processes people use to self regulate their health and their ability to prevent or control chronic disease. This paper represents a social cognitive view of self regulation that involves three classes of influence on self regulating behavior: personal, behavioral, and environmental. This triadic model assumes that people self regulate their health through the use of self care strategies, setting reasonable health goals, and monitoring feedback concerning the effectiveness of strategies in meeting their goals. People's perceptions of self efficacy are also assumed to play a major role in motivating them to self regulate their health functioning. According to social cognitive theory, processes entailed in regulating one's health can be taught through social modeling, supports, and feedback; gradually these external supports are withdrawn as one is able to self regulate. This paper will analyze self regulation processes related to controlling or preventing lung disease, specifically management of asthma and eliminating smoking. The educational implications of the triadic model of self regulation for promoting health and related behavioral functioning will be discussed.
Ecografia de la columna vertebral
Year: 2018

Objetivos DocentesLos objetivos de nuestra presentacion son: Aprender la tecnica para realizar estudios ecograficos de la columna lumbar y realizar la fusion en tiempo real con imagenes de resonancia magnetica Familiarizarnos con la anatomia ecografica normal de las estructuras osteoarticulares de la columna lumbar Analizar las posibles aplicaciones de la ecografia en los procedimientos intervencionistas de la columna lumbar Revision del temaINTRODUCCIONLa fluoroscopia es la tecnica de imagen mayoritariamente empleada para guiar los procedimientos intervencionistas de columna vertebral. La tomografia computarizada es otra tecnica de imagen que permite guiar los procedimientos intervencionistas en la columna lumbar.Debido a su alta resolucion espacial y a la ausencia de utilizacion de radiaciones ionizantes la ecografia esta ganando mucho interes en los procedimientos intervencionistas pero hasta ahora la mayoria de los profesionales que realizan estos procedimientos no estan familiarizados con el estudio ecografico de lacolumna vertebral y tienen poca experiencia en su aplicacion.
An analysis of public policy toward adult life long participation in sport in Australia, Finland and New Zealand
Year: 2008

This thesis explores the development of public policy aimed at achieving adult life long participation in sport in Australia, Finland and New Zealand. Adult life long participation has frequently been claimed as an aspiration of sport policy in Australia, Finland and New Zealand. This study identifies the characteristics of the sport systems and sport policy process in each of the three countries and outlines the development of policy concerning participation in sport amongst adults. A case study approach was adopted focusing on each of the three countries in turn. Adopting a qualitative methodology the study utilised document analysis and semi structured interviews to elicit data regarding the development of, and factors impacting upon, the development of sport for all. Focusing upon the meso level of analysis, policy networks was found to be a useful lens through which to view Finland, drawing attention to a policy subsystem where there has been a consistent focus on sport for all over the last 40 years. The advocacy coalition framework (ACF) provided the greatest utility for providing insights into Australia and New Zealand. The ACF drew attention to competing coalitions within the New Zealand and Australian sport sub systems highlighting the tensions that had surfaced between elite and mass sport development. Despite little evidence in Australia, Finland or New Zealand of a policy or strategy that could be 'pulled off the shelf and called adult life long participation the findings indicated that Finland has been able to achieve high levels of adult participation in sport. Over the last 40 years successive Finnish governments have been consistent in their approach with regard to the role of national and local government in promoting Sf A. In contrast the Australian federal government has consistently expressed a desire to increase levels of sport participation amongst all Australians, however, despite consistent exhortations policy implementation has failed to reflect the rhetoric. Recent changes to the New Zealand sport policy landscape have made identifying a clear sport development pathway difficult, however, grassroots sport appears to have remained outside the current public policy focus. This study concludes that despite the existence of broadly similar factors such as rising levels of obesity, declining levels of physical activity and continued aspirations for sporting success, quite different sport policy approaches have been adopted in each of the three countries. This draws attention to the role of domestic factors, such as the distinctive socio economic political and cultural systems in shaping the direction of, and salience of, sport policy to government.
The study of below and above band edge imperfection states in In2S3 solar energy materials
Year: 2012

In 2 S 3 is a nontoxic buffer layer material usually used in a thin film solar cell due to a lot of vacancies and surface states naturally existing in the crystal to assist in photoelectric conversion. Transition metal (TM) incorporated b In 2 S 3 has also been proposed to increase conversion efficiency in In 2 S 3 since multi photons absorption by intermediate band (IB) would happen in the sulfide. In this paper, single crystals of undoped and Nb doped b In 2 S 3 have been grown by the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method using ICl 3 as a transport agent. Optical properties of the imperfection states of the crystals are probed by thermoreflectance (TR) photoconductivity (PC) photoluminescence (PL) surface photoconductive response (SPR) optical absorption and photo voltage current (photo V I measurements. The TR and optical absorption measurements confirmed that the undoped and Nb doped b In 2 S 3 are direct semiconductors with energy gap of 1.935 eV for undoped b In 2 S 3 1.923 eV for b In 2 S 3 :Nb 0.005 and 1.901 eV for b In 2 S 3 :Nb 0.01 For undoped b In 2 S 3 PC and PL measurements are used to characterize defect transitions below band gap. The above band edge transitions of undoped b In 2 S 3 have also been evaluated using PL, PC, and SPR measurements. For the evaluation of Nb doped b In 2 S 3 an intermediate band with energy of ~0.4 eV below the conduction band edge has been detected in the TR measurements in both b In 2 S 3 :Nb 0.005 and b In 2 S 3 :Nb 0.01 The photo V I measurements also verified that the photoelectric conversion efficiency would be enhanced in the b In 2 S 3 with higher niobium content. Based on the experimental analyses, the optical behavior of the defects, surface states, and IB (formed by Nb) in the In 2 S 3 crystals is thus explored.
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Year: 2012

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Electrowetting on dielectric induced nanodroplet splitting between two parallel plates
Year: 2021

Manipulation of nano/microdroplets has recently received a great deal of attention because of its promising applications. In this study, electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) induced nanodroplet splitting between two parallel plates is investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that the splitting and non splitting dynamics closely depend on the charge density applied to electrodes. There exists a critical charge density, above which successful splitting is observed. The plate gap and electrode size are found to significantly influence the critical charge density. Furthermore, MD simulations also demonstrate that the criterion of splitting for millimeter sized droplets fails to predict nanodroplet splitting. On the basis of two simple geometric relations between the droplet and electrode sizes, a new criterion, 1/2 R 0 /l (3/ p 1/4) 1/2 is proposed to estimate whether nanodroplets can be split, where R 0 is the initial wetting radius of nanodroplets on the plates when no charge is applied to electrodes, and l is the electrode size. The proposed criterion is in good agreement with MD simulations.
First and second language use in English medium instruction contexts
Year: 2020

Although there is a wealth of research on the use of the first language (L1) in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms, there is as yet very little research of this kind in classrooms where the prime pedagogical objective is to teach academic content through English as a second language (English medium instruction; EMI) It is important to begin filling this gap because a purported aim of content based programs is to expose students to large quantities of the target language. We investigated the practices of five EMI teachers in a Chinese university and measured the reactions of their students both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our findings show that these teachers switched to the L1 rarely (although with considerable differences among the teachers) and mostly to explain both simple and complex concepts in their academic disciplines. Although students were unperturbed by the switches to the L1, some felt that the teacher could have made more of an effort to explain it in L2 first.