nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Table Recognition using Graph Neural Networks
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)
Year: 2019

Document structure analysis, such as zone segmentation and table recognition, is a complex problem in document processing and is an active area of research. The recent success of deep learning in solving various computer vision and machine learning problems has not been reflected in document structure analysis since conventional neural networks are not well suited to the input structure of the problem. In this paper, we propose an architecture based on graph networks as a better alternative to standard neural networks for table recognition. We argue that graph networks are a more natural choice for these problems, and explore two gradient based graph neural networks. Our proposed architecture combines the benefits of convolutional neural networks for visual feature extraction and graph networks for dealing with the problem structure. We empirically demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline by a significant margin. In addition, we identify the lack of large scale datasets as a major hindrance for deep learning research for structure analysis and present a new large scale synthetic dataset for the problem of table recognition. Finally, we open source our implementation of dataset generation and the training framework of our graph networks to promote reproducible research in this direction.
Pelatihan Perancangan Aplikasi Interaktif Dibidang Teknik Mesin
Year: 2020

Basic understanding in using computers has become a necessity that must be understood by most people. Various aspects of human life in modern times require the help of computers to make it easier, more effective and efficient. So many human activities that can be done with the help of computers, for example: word processing, table processing, browsing on the internet, sending and receiving emails,etc. Because of the many needs in using computers, many programs and applications are made for various purposes. Engineering software or engineering program is a program created to help humans complete various kinds of calculations in the field of engineering. On this occasion, we carried out community service to SMKN2 students in Banjarmasin to provide understanding and skills about making applications or programs related to engineering, especially in the field of mechanical engineering. This service is carried out by providing training in making interactive applications in the field of mechanical engineering. The training method used is a combination of theory and practice, starting with a basic understanding of programming, introduction of identifiers, introduction of variables and introduction of IDE (Integrated Development Environment) so that it is expected to provide students with an understanding of the material presented. Students will also be given various kinds of calculation cases in the engineering field that the program application will be made to be able to complete these calculations easily and quickly. The target of community service is technical programming training services and publications in national service journals.
Can virtue be learned? An exploration of student learning experiences in ethics courses and their implications for influencing moral character
Year: 2017

What does it mean to teach virtue, or to learn it? We consider this question through an institutional review board (IRB) supported research study attending to student learning experiences in undergraduate ethics courses at a Catholic university with an explicit commitment to social justice. This essay draws on and interprets qualitative data concerning the outcomes of select pedagogical approaches that involve exposing students to the experiences of others: the use of narratives; participation in structured experiential learning activities; and community engagement through deep listening and facilitated dialogue. We focus our interpretation around the implications of these pedagogies in relation to student understanding of and attitudes regarding three character traits identified as "other regarding" virtues in theological and philosophical scholarship altruism, compassion, and solidarity. This paper considers the implications of these pedagogies and the practical effects of different sorts of teaching strategies on students' self understanding as moral agents.
Organ on a chip engineering: Toward bridging the gap between lab and industry.
Venue: Biomicrofluidics
Year: 2020

Organ on a chip (OOC) is a very ambitious emerging technology with a high potential to revolutionize many medical and industrial sectors, particularly in preclinical to clinical translation in the pharmaceutical arena. In vivo, the function of the organ(s) is orchestrated by a complex cellular structure and physiochemical factors within the extracellular matrix and secreted by various types of cells. The trend in in vitro modeling is to simplify the complex anatomy of the human organ(s) to the minimal essential cellular structure "micro anatomy" instead of recapitulating the full cellular milieu that enables studying the absorption, metabolism, as well as the mechanistic investigation of drug compounds in a "systemic manner." However, in order to reflect the human physiology in vitro and hence to be able to bridge the gap between the in vivo and in vitro data, simplification should not compromise the physiological relevance. Engineering principles have long been applied to solve medical challenges, and at this stage of organ on a chip technology development, the work of biomedical engineers, focusing on device engineering, is more important than ever to accelerate the technology transfer from the academic lab bench to specialized product development institutions and to the increasingly demanding market. In this paper, instead of presenting a narrative review of the literature, we systemically present a synthesis of the best available organ on a chip technology from what is found, what has been achieved, and what yet needs to be done. We emphasized mainly on the requirements of a "good in vitro model that meets the industrial need" in terms of the structure (micro anatomy) functions (micro physiology) and characteristics of the device that hosts the biological model. Finally, we discuss the biological model device integration supported by an example and the major challenges that delay the OOC technology transfer to the industry and recommended possible options to realize a functional organ on a chip system.
Accurate Floating Point Summation Part II: Sign, K Fold Faithful and Rounding to Nearest
Venue: SIAM J. Sci. Comput.
Year: 2008

In Part II of this paper we first refine the analysis of error free vector transformations presented in Part I. Based on that we present an algorithm for calculating the rounded to nearest result of $s:\sum p_i$ for a given vector of floating point numbers $p_i$ as well as algorithms for directed rounding. A special algorithm for computing the sign of $s$ is given, also working for huge dimensions. Assume a floating point working precision with relative rounding error unit eps We define and investigate a $K$ fold faithful rounding of a real number $r$ Basically the result is stored in a vector \mathtt{Res}_{\nu} of $K$ nonoverlapping floating point numbers such that \sum\mathtt{Res}_{\nu} approximates $r$ with relative accuracy \mathtt{eps}^K$ and replacing \mathtt{Res}_K$ by its floating point neighbors in \sum\mathtt{Res}_{\nu} forms a lower and upper bound for $r$ For a given vector of floating point numbers with exact sum $s$ we present an algorithm for calculating a $K$ fold faithful rounding of $s$ using solely the working precision. Furthermore, an algorithm for calculating a faithfully rounded result of the sum of a vector of huge dimension is presented. Our algorithms are fast in terms of measured computing time because they allow good instruction level parallelism, they neither require special operations such as access to mantissa or exponent, they contain no branch in the inner loop, nor do they require some extra precision. The only operations used are standard floating point addition, subtraction, and multiplication in one working precision, for example, double precision. Certain constants used in the algorithms are proved to be optimal.
Industrial carbon dioxide capture and utilization: state of the art and future challenges.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews
Year: 2020

Dramatically increased CO2 concentration from several point sources is perceived to cause severe greenhouse effect towards the serious ongoing global warming with associated climate destabilization, inducing undesirable natural calamities, melting of glaciers, and extreme weather patterns. CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) has received tremendous attention due to its significant role in intensifying global warming. Considering the lack of a timely review on the state of the art progress of promising CCU techniques, developing an appropriate and prompt summary of such advanced techniques with a comprehensive understanding is necessary. Thus, it is imperative to provide a timely review, given the fast growth of sophisticated CO2 capture and utilization materials and their implementation. In this work, we critically summarized and comprehensively reviewed the characteristics and performance of both liquid and solid CO2 adsorbents with possible schemes for the improvement of their CO2 capture ability and advances in CO2 utilization. Their industrial applications in pre and post combustion CO2 capture as well as utilization were systematically discussed and compared. With our great effort, this review would be of significant importance for academic researchers for obtaining an overall understanding of the current developments and future trends of CCU. This work is bound to benefit researchers in fields relating to CCU and facilitate the progress of significant breakthroughs in both fundamental research and commercial applications to deliver perspective views for future scientific and industrial advances in CCU.
Dynamic process of user adaptation to complex mandatory information systems
Year: 2014

The introduction of a complex system, such as an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, requires users to adapt to the simultaneous requirements of the new system and the associated organisational and business process changes. Unsuccessful adaptation to complex mandatory systems generates significant financial and opportunity costs to organisations and makes some employees feel dissatisfied with their jobs. Previous information systems (IS) research provides important insight into IS use. However, there is a lack of an in depth study of the process of user adaptation that explains how user adaptation behaviours change over time and what triggers users to modify their system use behaviours. This study unveils the dynamic adaptation process and offers an explanation of how adaptation behaviours unfold over time. The fieldwork was conducted in four organisations in Thailand: one private, one stateowned, one non profit and one multinational. An embedded multiple case study design was applied in this research. Using the critical incident technique, 46 in depth interviews were conducted with ERP users, managers and IT specialists. Grounded theory informed both the method of data analysis and the technique for theory building. As a result of an inductive theorising process, three intertwined core themes emerged. The first theme, user adaptation behaviours, reflects the different ways in which users respond to the evolving work practices that an ERP system imposes. The second theme, situational conditions, reveals the underlying conditions that influence the user adaptation process including social task user conditions and system business process comprehension. The third theme, triggers, refers to events that change user perceptions towards the system or changes in the work environment. This study produces an emergent, substantive theory that explains how individuals dynamically adapt to complex mandatory IS. These adaptation behaviours, which are shaped by situational conditions, manifest in the form of reluctant, compliance, faithful and enthusiastic adaptation behaviours. Through their interaction with the system, individuals are constantly assessing the system in relation to the existing situational conditions. The adaptation behaviours espoused at any given time can be subsequently modified through task related, organisational related and system related triggers.
A discussion about public health, lead and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water supplies in the United States.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2017

Lead (Pb) in public drinking water supplies has garnered much attention since the outset of the Flint water crisis. Pb is a known hazard in multiple environmental matrices, exposure from which results in long term deleterious health effects in humans. This discussion paper aims to provide a succinct account of environmental Pb exposures with a focus on water Pb levels (WLLs) in the United States. It is understood that there is a strong correlation between WLLs and blood Pb levels (BLLs) and the associated health effects. However, within the Flint water crisis, more than water chemistry and Pb exposure occurred. A cascade of regulatory and bureaucratic failures culminated in the Flint water crisis. This paper will discuss pertinent regulations and responses including their limitations after an overview of the public health effects from Pb exposure as well as discussion on our limitations on monitoring and mitigating Pb in tap water. As the Flint water crisis also included increased Legionnares' disease, caused by Legionella pneumophila, this paper will discuss factors influencing L. pneumophila growth. This will highlight the systemic nature of changes to water chemistry and public health impacts. As we critically analyze these important aspects of water research, we offer discussions to stimulate future water quality research from a new and systemic perspective to inform and guide public health decision making.
Evolutionary dynamics of phenotype structured populations: from individual level mechanisms to population level consequences
Year: 2016

Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly recognised as integral to the adaptation of species that face environmental changes. In particular, empirical work has provided important insights into the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the persistence of clonal species, from which a number of verbal explanations have emerged that are suited to logical testing by proof of concept mathematical models. Here, we present a stochastic agent based model and a related deterministic integrodifferential equation model for the evolution of a phenotype structured population composed of asexually reproducing and competing organisms which are exposed to novel environmental conditions. This setting has relevance to the study of biological systems where colonising asexual populations must survive and rapidly adapt to hostile environments, like pathogenesis, invasion and tumour metastasis. We explore how evolution might proceed when epigenetic variation in gene expression can change the reproductive capacity of individuals within the population in the new environment. Simulations and analyses of our models clarify the conditions under which certain evolutionary paths are possible and illustrate that while epigenetic mechanisms may facilitate adaptation in asexual species faced with environmental change, they can also lead to a type of "epigenetic load" and contribute to extinction. Moreover, our results offer a formal basis for the claim that constant environments favour individuals with low rates of stochastic phenotypic variation. Finally, our model provides a "proof of concept" of the verbal hypothesis that phenotypic stability is a key driver in rescuing the adaptive potential of an asexual lineage and supports the notion that intense selection pressure can, to an extent, offset the deleterious effects of high phenotypic instability and biased epimutations, and steer an asexual population back from the brink of an evolutionary dead end.
Thrombocytopenia and Intracranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis after "COVID 19 Vaccine AstraZeneca" Exposure
Venue: Journal of clinical medicine
Year: 2021

As of 8 April 2021, a total of 2.9 million people have died with or from the coronavirus infection causing COVID 19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) On 29 January 2021, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved a COVID 19 vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca (AZD1222, ChAdOx1 nCoV 19, COVID 19 vaccine AstraZeneca, Vaxzevria, Covishield) While the vaccine prevents severe course of and death from COVID 19, the observation of pulmonary, abdominal, and intracranial venous thromboembolic events has raised concerns.  To describe the clinical manifestations and the concerning management of patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis following first exposure to the "COVID 19 vaccine AstraZeneca"  Patient files, laboratory findings, and diagnostic imaging results, and endovascular interventions of three concerning patients were evaluated in retrospect.  Three women with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis after their first vaccination with "COVID 19 vaccine AstraZeneca" were encountered. Patient #1 was 22 years old and developed headaches four days after the vaccination. On day 7, she experienced a generalized epileptic seizure. Patient #2 was 46 years old. She presented with severe headaches, hemianopia to the right, and mild aphasia 13 days after the vaccination. MRI showed a left occipital intracerebral hemorrhage. Patient #3 was 36 years old and presented 17 days after the vaccination with acute somnolence and right hand hemiparesis. The three patients were diagnosed with extensive venous sinus thrombosis. They were managed by heparinization and endovascular recanalization of their venous sinuses. They shared similar findings: elevated levels of D dimers, platelet factor 4 antiplatelet antibodies, corona spike protein antibodies, combined with thrombocytopenia. Under treatment with low molecular weight heparin, platelet counts normalized within several days.  Early observations insinuate that the exposure to the "COVID 19 vaccine AstraZeneca" might trigger the expression of antiplatelet antibodies, resulting in a condition with thrombocytopenia and venous thrombotic events (e.g. intracranial venous sinus thrombosis) These patients' treatment should address the thrombo embolic manifestations, the coagulation disorder, and the underlying immunological phenomena.
Gun Control in the Crosshairs: Christian Nationalism and Opposition to Stricter Gun Laws
Year: 2018

Despite increasingly frequent mass shootings and a growing dissatisfaction with current gun laws, American opposition to federal gun legislation remains strong. The authors show that opposition to stricter gun control is closely linked to Christian nationalism, a religious cultural framework that mandates a symbiotic relationship between Christianity and civil society. Using data from a national population based survey, the authors show that Christian nationalism is an exceptionally strong predictor of opposition to the federal government's enacting stricter gun laws. Of all the variables considered, only general political orientation has more predictive power than Christian nationalism. The authors propose that the gun control debate is complicated by deeply held moral and religious schemas that discussions focused solely on rational public safety calculations do not sufficiently address. For the substantial proportion of American society who are Christian nationalists, gun rights are God given and sacred. Consequently, attempts to reform existing gun laws must attend to the deeper cultural and religious identities that undergird Americans' beliefs about gun control.
Association between Enamel Abrasion and Surface Roughness of Dental Ceramics
Year: 2017

Feldspathic porcelains and zirconia crowns are the most applied dental ceramic materials. Teeth wear against these ceramics has turned into a major concern. Primary surface roughness of these ceramics can have a significant impact on enamel abrasion. This study aimed to detect an association between enamel abrasion and surface roughness of dental ceramics.  In this laboratorial study, polished zirconia samples, polished feldspathic porcelains, and polished and glazed feldspathic porcelains were prepared (N=11) In addition, human natural premolar teeth were provided as antagonist. Afterwards, mounted tooth samples were photographed by a stereo microscope in a fixed position and the distance from the cusp tip to the reference point was measured. Surface roughness of all samples was evaluated before the test using a profilometer device. Following that, ceramic samples were tested against dental samples. Moreover, 11 tooth samples (control group) were tested against another 11 tooth samples in chewing simulator device with 120000 masticatory cycles (equal to six months of chewing) Afterwards, tooth samples were photographed again and differences between the measurements were recorded. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using the kruskal Wallis test and scatter diagram graphs, and P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  In this study, mean and standard deviation of surface roughness rate in polished porcelain, polished and glazed porcelain, polished zirconia ceramics and control group were 1.48+ 0.083, 1.20+ 0.126, 0.535+ 0.086 and 0.039+ 0.006 micrometers, respectively. According to the results, a statistically significant difference was observed between the level of surface roughness in the study groups (P<0.001) Among the ceramics, the highest levels of abrasion and surface roughness were observed in the polished porcelain group, whereas the lowest levels were allocated to the polished zirconia group.  According to the results of this study, higher level of surface roughness of ceramics increased tooth abrasion.
Adaptive ISDE based algorithm for the generation of non gaussian vector valued random fields
Year: 2014

We address the construction of a random generator for non Gaussian vector valued random fields with values in some arbitrary bounded or emi bounded subsets of the Euclidean space of dimension n. Such an issue typically arises in uncertainty quanti cation for complex systems and multiscale analysis, where the elliptic operators involve stochastic coe cients that may be identi ed by solving statistical inverse problems. The approach builts up on two main features. The first one is the construction of a family of auxiliary random fields converging, in some stochastic sense and at a user controlled rate, towards the target random field. Each of these additional random fi elds is subsequently simulated by solving a family of Ito stochastic diff erential equations. The second aspect is the defi nition of an adaptive algorithm such that the integration step is refi ned on the fly whenever the particle reaches the neighboorhood of the admissible space. A few examples (including comparisons with reference generators) are nally provided so as to illustrate both the adaptivity and the convergence of the solutions.