nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Academic neo colonialism in writing practices: Geographic markers in three journals from Japan, Turkey and the US
Venue: Geoforum
Year: 2019

A global academic division of labor plagues contemporary academic production. The epistemological implications assign southern knowledge to the status of "data" for the use of northern "theory." The institutional consequences affect the training and promotion of scholars, and the distribution of academic resources. The persistence of global power relations in academic production is an indicator of the achievement of the West in establishing a Eurocentric relationship with the rest of the world. This paper looks at the manifestations of the contemporary academic division of labor in scholarly writing. We examine articles published in three international academic journals, based in Japan, Turkey, and the United States, and focus on the different ways in which authors use geographic markers, words that indicate that a title, an abstract, or a sentence is written in reference to a particular location a country, a city, or another geographic entity. Scholarship in the North relies on a writing style that reflects and reproduces its privileged position in the global academic division of labor. However, southern scholars tend to write in a style that makes heavy use of geographic markers, which reflects their underprivileged position in global academic world as "case" or "data" producers for northern theory.
Reproductive behavior drives female space use in a sedentary Neotropical frog
Venue: PeerJ
Year: 2020

Longer range movements of anuran amphibians such as mass migrations and habitat invasion have received a lot of attention, but fine scale spatial behavior remains largely understudied. This gap is especially striking for species that show long term site fidelity and display their whole behavioral repertoire in a small area. Studying fine scale movement with conventional capture mark recapture techniques is difficult in inconspicuous amphibians: individuals are hard to find, repeated captures might affect their behavior and the number of data points is too low to allow a detailed interpretation of individual space use and time budgeting. In this study, we overcame these limitations by equipping females of the Brilliant Thighed Poison Frog (Allobates femoralis) with a tag allowing frequent monitoring of their location and behavior. Neotropical poison frogs are well known for their complex behavior and diverse reproductive and parental care strategies. Although the ecology and behavior of the polygamous leaf litter frog Allobates femoralis is well studied, little is known about the fine scale space use of the non territorial females who do not engage in acoustic and visual displays. We tracked 17 females for 6 to 17 days using a harmonic direction finder to provide the first precise analysis of female space use in this species. Females moved on average 1 m per hour and the fastest movement, over 20 m per hour, was related to a subsequent mating event. Traveled distances and activity patterns on days of courtship and mating differed considerably from days without reproduction. Frogs moved more on days with lower temperature and more precipitation, but mating seemed to be the main trigger for female movement. We observed 21 courtships of 12 tagged females. For seven females, we observed two consecutive mating events. Estimated home ranges after 14 days varied considerably between individuals and courtship and mating associated space use made up for ~30% of the home range. Allobates femoralis females spent large parts of their time in one to three small centers of use. Females did not adjust their time or space use to the density of males in their surroundings and did not show wide ranging exploratory behavior. Our study demonstrates how tracking combined with detailed behavioral observations can reveal the patterns and drivers of fine scale spatial behavior in sedentary species.
TrafficSliver: Fighting Website Fingerprinting Attacks with Traffic Splitting
Venue: CCS
Year: 2020

Website fingerprinting (WFP) aims to infer information about the content of encrypted and anonymized connections by observing patterns of data flows based on the size and direction of packets. By collecting traffic traces at a malicious Tor entry node one of the weakest adversaries in the attacker model of Tor a passive eavesdropper can leverage the captured meta data to reveal the websites visited by a Tor user. As recently shown, WFP is significantly more effective and realistic than assumed. Concurrently, former WFP defenses are either infeasible for deployment in real world settings or defend against specific WFP attacks only. To limit the exposure of Tor users to WFP, we propose novel lightweight WFP defenses, TrafficSliver, which successfully counter today's WFP classifiers with reasonable bandwidth and latency overheads and, thus, make them attractive candidates for adoption in Tor. Through user controlled splitting of traffic over multiple Tor entry nodes, TrafficSliver limits the data a single entry node can observe and distorts repeatable traffic patterns exploited by WFP attacks. We first propose a network layer defense, in which we apply the concept of multipathing entirely within the Tor network. We show that our network layer defense reduces the accuracy from more than 98% to less than 16% for all state of the art WFP attacks without adding any artificial delays or dummy traffic. We further suggest an elegant client side application layer defense, which is independent of the underlying anonymization network. By sending single HTTP requests for different web objects over distinct Tor entry nodes, our application layer defense reduces the detection rate of WFP classifiers by almost 50 percentage points. Although it offers lower protection than our network layer defense, it provides a security boost at the cost of a very low implementation overhead and is fully compatible with today's Tor network.
An Incentive Mechanism for Building a Secure Blockchain based Industrial Internet of Things
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

The world changing blockchain technique provides a novel method to establish a secure, trusted and decentralized system for solving the security and personal privacy problems in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. The mining process in blockchain requires miners to solve a proof of work puzzle, which requires high computational power. However, the lightweight IIoT devices cannot directly participate in the mining process due to the limitation of power and computational resources. The edge computing service makes it possible for IIoT applications to build a blockchain network, in which IIoT devices purchase computational resources from edge servers and thus can offload their computational tasks. The amount of computational resource purchased by IIoT devices depends on how many profits they can get in the mining process, and will directly affect the security of the blockchain network. In this paper, we investigate the incentive mechanism for the blockchain platform to attract IIoT devices to purchase more computational power from edge servers to participate in the mining process, thereby building a more secure blockchain network. We model the interaction between the blockchain platform and IIoT devices as a two stage Stackelberg game, where the blockchain platform act as the leader, and IIoT devices act as followers. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium, and propose an efficient algorithm to compute the Stackelberg equilibrium point. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of our algorithm through extensive simulations, and analyze the strategies of blockchain platform and IIoT devices under different situations.
ON THE THEORY OF A NON AUTONOMOUS VIBRO IMPACT SYSTEM WITH MEMORY IN THE FRICTIONAL FORCE
Year: 2018

The dynamics of a non autonomous vibro impact system is investigated in this work. The system is composed of two vibrating bodies, which experience frictional resistance that is described with the help of a modified Coulomb friction model with memory. The mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the vibro impact system can be classified as a dynamical system with variable structure. It consists of a system of ordinary differential equations and some functional relations. The model is analyzed by means of application of the point mapping technique. This technique allows to study the structure of the phase space of the system and its dependence on (i) the varying in time static coefficient of friction, (ii) the parameters of a harmonic force that acts on the system, and (iii) the position of a stopper that limits the system displacement. Numerical study of the system dynamics allowed for identification of the main regimes of the system motion and their intermittency. For example, periodical regimes of high complexity were found as well as the transition to chaos through the period doubling bifurcation. Additionally, the use of symbolic computations helped to uniquely interpret the obtained bifurcation diagrams.
Sequence specific DNA solid phase extraction in an on chip monolith: Towards detection of antibiotic resistance genes.
Venue: Journal of chromatography. A
Year: 2017

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a growing problem and presents a challenge for prompt treatment in patients with sepsis. Currently used methods rely on culturing or amplification; however, these steps are either time consuming or suffer from interference issues. A microfluidic device was made from black polypropylene, with a monolithic column modified with a capture oligonucleotide for sequence selective solid phase extraction of a complementary target from a lysate sample. Porous properties of the monolith allow flow and hybridization of a target complementary to the probe immobilized on the column surface. Good flow through properties enable extraction of a 100mL sample and elution of target DNA in 12min total time. Using a fluorescently labeled target oligonucleotide related to Verona Integron Mediated Metallo b lactamase it was possible to extract and detect a 1pM sample with 83% recovery. Temperature mediated elution by heating above the duplex melting point provides a clean extract without any agents that interfere with base pairing, allowing various labeling methods or further downstream processing of the eluent. Further integration of this extraction module with a system for isolation and lysis of bacteria from blood, as well as combining with single molecule detection should allow rapid determination of antibiotic resistance.
Automatic Comic Generation with Stylistic Multi page Layouts and Emotion driven Text Balloon Generation
Venue: ACM Trans. Multim. Comput. Commun. Appl.
Year: 2021

In this article, we propose a fully automatic system for generating comic books from videos without any human intervention. Given an input video along with its subtitles, our approach first extracts informative keyframes by analyzing the subtitles and stylizes keyframes into comic style images. Then, we propose a novel automatic multi page layout framework that can allocate the images across multiple pages and synthesize visually interesting layouts based on the rich semantics of the images (e.g. importance and inter image relation) Finally, as opposed to using the same type of balloon as in previous works, we propose an emotion aware balloon generation method to create different types of word balloons by analyzing the emotion of subtitles and audio. Our method is able to vary balloon shapes and word sizes in balloons in response to different emotions, leading to more enriched reading experience. Once the balloons are generated, they are placed adjacent to their corresponding speakers via speaker detection. Our results show that our method, without requiring any user inputs, can generate high quality comic pages with visually rich layouts and balloons. Our user studies also demonstrate that users prefer our generated results over those by state of the art comic generation systems.
Vision Based Obstacle Avoidance for UAVs
Year: 2007

This paper describes a vision based navigation and guidance design for UAVs for a combined mission of waypoint tracking and collision avoidance with unforeseen obstacles using a single 2 D passive vision sensor.  The stochastic z test value is used to solve a correspondence problem between the measurements and the estimates that have been already obtained by then. A collision cone approach is used as a collision criteria in order to examine if there is any obstacle that is critical to the vehicle. A guidance strategy for collision avoidance is designed based on a minimum efiort guidance (MEG) method for multiple target tracking. The vision based navigation and guidance designs suggested in this paper are integrated with realtime image processing algorithm and the entire vision based control system are evaluated in the closed loop 6 DoF ight simulation.
Quantum Resource Estimates for Computing Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithms
Venue: ASIACRYPT
Year: 2017

We give precise quantum resource estimates for Shor's algorithm to compute discrete logarithms on elliptic curves over prime fields. The estimates are derived from a simulation of a Toffoli gate network for controlled elliptic curve point addition, implemented within the framework of the quantum computing software tool suite LIQ$Ui|\rangle$ We determine circuit implementations for reversible modular arithmetic, including modular addition, multiplication and inversion, as well as reversible elliptic curve point addition. We conclude that elliptic curve discrete logarithms on an elliptic curve defined over an $n$ bit prime field can be computed on a quantum computer with at most $9n 2\lceil\log_2(n)\rceil+10$ qubits using a quantum circuit of at most $448 n^3 \log_2(n) 4090 n^3$ Toffoli gates. We are able to classically simulate the Toffoli networks corresponding to the controlled elliptic curve point addition as the core piece of Shor's algorithm for the NIST standard curves P 192, P 224, P 256, P 384 and P 521. Our approach allows gate level comparisons to recent resource estimates for Shor's factoring algorithm. The results also support estimates given earlier by Proos and Zalka and indicate that, for current parameters at comparable classical security levels, the number of qubits required to tackle elliptic curves is less than for attacking RSA, suggesting that indeed ECC is an easier target than RSA.
Impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on Operational Performance of Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants
Year: 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of TQM system on the operational performance of the pharmaceutical manufacturing companies operating in Ethiopia. Data for this study is collected using self administered questionnaires. The survey is carried out on 65 respondents drawn from 13 companies. Out of 65 questionnaires distributed among these companies, a total of 57 got returned. Through comprehensive literature review, seven critical success factors of TQM that are relevant to the pharmaceutical industry are identified. Correlation &amp; regression analyses are used to investigate the relationship between TQM variables on the one side and common operational performance measures (Quality, Cost, and Delivery &amp; Flexibility to volume) on the other side. The Correlation analysis reveals that there is strong relationship between TQM practices and operational performance among the pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The outcome of regression analysis indicates that customer focus, process management, product design and people management have significant contribution to at least one of the operational performance measures. Top Management's support, suppliers' quality management and continuous improvement do not appear to contribute to higher levels of performance. This study offers pharmaceutical companies and their managers a better understanding of the relationship and impact that some of TQM elements have on the performance of their operations. Thus managers will get an opportunity to take better &amp; more effective decisions in the implementation of TQM. This study can also guide organizations to prioritize the implementation of TQM based on the strategic importance of performance measures needed by them. The choice performance measure is based on the perceptions of managers and therefore, generalization of the observations may be made with caution.
A meta analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?
Venue: International Journal of Obesity
Year: 2016

Addiction to a wide range of substances of abuse has been suggested to reflect a 'Reward Deficiency Syndrome' That is, drugs are said to stimulate the reward mechanisms so intensely that, to compensate, the population of dopamine D2 receptors (DD2R) declines. The result is that an increased intake is necessary to experience the same degree of reward. Without an additional intake, cravings and withdrawal symptoms result. A suggestion is that food addiction, in a similar manner to drugs of abuse, decrease DD2R. The role of DD2R in obesity was therefore examined by examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and the Taq1A polymorphism, as the A1 allele is associated with a 30 40% lower number of DD2R, and is a risk factor for drug addiction. If a lower density of DD2R is indicative of physical addiction, it was argued that if food addiction occurs, those with the A1 allele should have a higher BMI. A systematic review found 33 studies that compared the BMI of those who did and did not have the A1 allele. A meta analysis of the studies compared those with (A1/A1 and A1/A2) or without (A2/A2) the A1 allele; no difference in BMI was found (standardized mean difference 0.004 (s.e. 0.021) variance 0.000, Z=0.196, P<0.845) It was concluded that there was no support for a reward deficiency theory of food addiction. In contrast, there are several reports that those with the A1 allele are less able to benefit from an intervention that aimed to reduce weight, possibly a reflection of increased impulsivity.
trospun nano fi bers for energy harvesting production and environmental remediation
Year: 2014

Center for Nanobers and Nanotechnology, Singapore. ; sur gmail.com; sundarnus1@gmail.com; vjbabu Environmental Water Technology, Cent Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering, N Singapore UNAM National Nanotechnology Research Turkey Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Acade Moscow 127276, Russia Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Ru Moscow Region 142290, Russia These authors have contributed equally Cite this: Energy  2014, 7, 3192
Perceptions of the usefulness of various teaching methods in forensic accounting education
Year: 2020

The ever increasing need for forensic accounting services in today's business environment has highlighted the need for accounting educators to consider integrating forensic accounting into their curriculum. This research has provided evidence about the current forensic accounting curricula, handbooks and syllabi and explored the pedagogical methods that Australian universities currently use in forensic accounting education. In addition, forensic accounting practitioners and academics were interviewed to further explore potential forensic accounting pedagogies. The theoretical framework used included experiential learning theory and signature pedagogies theory. The case study yielded insights into the usefulness and effectiveness of various teaching methods in forensic accounting. The findings support the use of an experiential approach as a philosophy and signature for forensic accounting educational pedagogies. It is proposed that forensic accounting educators aspire to engaging students with experiential learning methods as this approach simulates real forensic accounting work in technical, theoretical and ethical dimensions.
The Future of Drone Strikes: A Framework for Analyzing Policy Options
Year: 2014

Drone strikes against individuals have become a heavily used tool in U.S. counterterrorism operations since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. These targeted killing operations have been effective in many respects, but they have simultaneously been highly controversial, with concerns about aspects such as transparency, legality and collateral damage. This controversy has sparked growing discussion within the U.S. and in the international community about possible policy changes that might address some of the issues surrounding drone strikes. However, what this discussion has been missing is an approach for analytically evaluating these proposals, particularly an approach for (a) assessing the tactical effects they would have on operations, and (b) incorporating such an assessment with a broad based evaluation of the implications of public perceptions of drone strike operations. This paper presents a framework for systematically considering policy proposals that aims to fill these gaps. In doing this, it breaks out many of the specific issues that are currently affecting public perceptions of the legitimacy of drone strike operations. In short, the framework suggests evaluating policy options for drone strikes by considering their expected effects on tactical, operational and strategic military effectiveness, as well as perceived legitimacy, and using these determinations to anticipate the net effect of the options on keeping the U.S. and its citizens largely safe from terrorist attacks. It goes on to provide means through which to analyze expected effects on tactical military effectiveness and legitimacy, and how these would contribute to net effectiveness.
A study on the use and modeling of geographical information system for combating forest crimes: an assessment of crimes in the eastern Mediterranean forests
Venue: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Year: 2018

This study focuses on the geo statistical assessment of spatial estimation models in forest crimes. Used widely in the assessment of crime and crime dependent variables, geographic information system (GIS) helps the detection of forest crimes in rural regions. In this study, forest crimes (forest encroachment, illegal use, illegal timber logging, etc. are assessed holistically and modeling was performed with ten different independent variables in GIS environment. The research areas are three Forest Enterprise Chiefs (Baskonus, Cinarpinar, and Hartlap) affiliated to Kahramanmaras Forest Regional Directorate in Kahramanmaras. An estimation model was designed using ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods, which are often used in spatial association. Three different models were proposed in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation model. The use of variables with a variance inflation factor (VIF) value of lower than 7.5 in Model I and lower than 4 in Model II and dependent variables with significant robust probability values in Model III are associated with forest crimes. Afterwards, the model with the lowest corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) and the highest R2 value was selected as the comparison criterion. Consequently, Model III proved to be more accurate compared to other models. For Model III, while AICc was 328,491 and R2was 0.634 for OLS 3 model, AICc was 318,489 and R2 was 0.741 for GWR 3 model. In this respect, the uses of GIS for combating forest crimes provide different scenarios and tangible information that will help take political and strategic measures.