nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition Diagnosis during Adult Inpatient Hospitalizations: Analysis of a Multi Institutional Collaborative Database of Academic Medical Centers.
Venue: Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Year: 2018

Malnutrition is a significant problem for hospitalized patients. However, the true prevalence of reported malnutrition diagnosis in real world clinical practice is largely unknown. Using a large collaborative multi institutional database, the rate of malnutrition diagnosis was assessed and used to assess institutional variables associated with higher rates of malnutrition diagnosis.  The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of malnutrition diagnosis reported among inpatient hospitalizations.  The University Health System Consortium (Vizient) database was retrospectively reviewed for reported rates of malnutrition diagnosis.  All adult inpatient hospitalization at 105 member institutions during fiscal years 2014 and 2015 were evaluated.  Malnutrition diagnosis based on the presence of an International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision diagnosis code. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Hospital volume and publicly available hospital rankings and patient satisfaction scores were obtained. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between these variables and reported rates of malnutrition.  A total of 5,896,792 hospitalizations were identified from 105 institutions during the 2 year period. It was found that 292,754 patients (5.0% had a malnutrition diagnosis during their hospital stay. By institution, median rate of malnutrition diagnosis during hospitalization was 4.0% whereas the rate of severe malnutrition diagnosis was 0.9% There was a statistically significant increase in malnutrition diagnosis from 4.0% to 4.9% between 2014 and 2015 (P<0.01) Institutional factors associated with increased diagnosis of malnutrition were higher hospital volume, hospital ranking, and patient satisfaction scores (P<0.01) CONCLUSIONS Missing a malnutrition diagnosis appears to be a universal issue because the rate of malnutrition diagnosis was consistently low across academic medical centers. Institutional variables were associated with the prevalence of malnutrition diagnosis, which suggests that institutional culture influences malnutrition diagnosis. Quality improvement efforts aimed at improved structure and process appear to be needed to improve the identification of malnutrition.
Fuzzy Logic Control of a Rotary Double Inverted Pendulum System
Year: 2018

This work presents a fuzzy logic control of a rotary double inverted pendulum (RDIP) system. The RDIP system consists of two inverted pendulums mounted on a rotating disc which is driven by a DC motor. The longer pendulum is hinged on the right side of the disc whereas the shorter pendulum is hinged on the left side of the disc. The RDIP is an extremely nonlinear, unstable and under actuated system of high order. A mathematical model is built for the RDIP using the Lagrange Euler equation. A Fuzzy Logic Controller is then designed for swing up and stabilization control of the RDIP system and its stability analysis is presented. The fuzzy controller takes the angles and angular velocities of the two pendulums and the angle and angular velocity of the rotary disc as its inputs, and the driving force as its output. A PID controller is also developed for this system for the purpose of comparison. The simulation results of these two control schemes with their comparative analysis show that, although both of the classical PID and the fuzzy controllers can control the system properly, the latter performs better especially on the steady state behavior. The simulation results also show the capability of the fuzzy logic control strategy to control a highly nonlinear and unstable system such as the RDIP.
The EPR effect and beyond: Strategies to improve tumor targeting and cancer nanomedicine treatment efficacy
Venue: Theranostics
Year: 2020

Following its discovery more than 30 years ago, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has become the guiding principle for cancer nanomedicine development. Over the years, the tumor targeted drug delivery field has made significant progress, as evidenced by the approval of several nanomedicinal anticancer drugs. Recently, however, the existence and the extent of the EPR effect particularly in patients have become the focus of intense debate. This is partially due to the disbalance between the huge number of preclinical cancer nanomedicine papers and relatively small number of cancer nanomedicine drug products reaching the market. To move the field forward, we have to improve our understanding of the EPR effect, of its cancer type specific pathophysiology, of nanomedicine interactions with the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, of nanomedicine behavior in the body, and of translational aspects that specifically complicate nanomedicinal drug development. In this virtual special issue, 24 research articles and reviews discussing different aspects of the EPR effect and cancer nanomedicine are collected, together providing a comprehensive and complete overview of the current state of the art and future directions in tumor targeted drug delivery.
A Spark ML driven preprocessing approach for deep learning based scholarly data applications
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Big data has found applications in multiple domains. One of the largest sources of textual big data is scientific documents and papers. Big scholarly data have been used in numerous ways to create innovative applications such as collaborator discovery, expert finding and research management systems. With the advent of advanced machine and deep learning techniques, the accuracy and novelty of such applications have risen manifold. However, the biggest challenge in the development of deep learning models for scholarly applications in cloud based environment is the underutilization of resources because of the excessive time taken by textual preprocessing. This paper presents a preprocessing pipeline that makes use of Spark for data ingestion and Spark ML for pipelining preprocessing tasks. The evaluation of the proposed work is done using a case study, which uses LSTM based text summarization for generating title or summary from abstract of any research. The ingestion, preprocessing and cumulative time for the proposed approach (P3SAPP) is much lower than the conventional approach (CA) which manifests in reduction of costs as well.
Multi View Domain Adapted Sentence Embeddings for Low Resource Unsupervised Duplicate Question Detection
Venue: EMNLP/IJCNLP
Year: 2019

We address the problem of Duplicate Question Detection (DQD) in low resource domain specific Community Question Answering forums. Our multi view framework MV DASE combines an ensemble of sentence encoders via Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis, using unlabeled data only. In our experiments, the ensemble includes generic and domain specific averaged word embeddings, domain finetuned BERT and the Universal Sentence Encoder. We evaluate MV DASE on the CQADupStack corpus and on additional low resource Stack Exchange forums. Combining the strengths of different encoders, we significantly outperform BM25, all single view systems as well as a recent supervised domain adversarial DQD method.
Relationship between prenatal maternal stress and sleep quality in Chinese pregnant women: the mediation effect of resilience.
Venue: Sleep medicine
Year: 2016

To examine the relationship between prenatal maternal stress, resilience, and sleep quality, and to determine whether resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and sleep quality among pregnant women.  Two hundred and thirty one pregnant women in their second trimester participated in the study. They completed questionnaires, including: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the 10 item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC 10) A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationships among prenatal maternal stress, resilience, and sleep quality, with resilience as a mediator.  Prenatal maternal stress was negatively associated with sleep quality in pregnant women (p 0.01) whereas resilience was positively associated with sleep quality (p 0.01) Furthermore, resilience mediated the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and sleep quality, and the mediation effect ratio was 22.0% (p 0.01)  The risk factor for disturbed sleep was pregnancy specific stress; however, the protective factor for sleep quality was resilience. This finding could provide scientific evidence for the development of intervention strategies with which to improve sleep quality in pregnant women.
A Nation of Gamblers: Real Estate Speculation and American History
Year: 2013

The great housing convulsion that buffeted America between 2000 and 2010 has historical precedents, from the frontier land boom of the 1790s to the skyscraper craze of the 1920s. But this time was different. There was far less real uncertainty about fundamental economic and geographic trends, making the convulsion even more puzzling. During historic and recent booms, sensible models could justify high prices on the basis of seemingly reasonable projections about stable or growing prices. The recurring error appears to be a failure to anticipate the impact that elastic supply will eventually have on prices, whether for cotton in Alabama in 1820 or land in Las Vegas in 2006. Buyers don't appear to be irrational but rather cognitively limited investors who work with simple heuristic models, instead of a comprehensive general equilibrium framework. Low interest rates rarely seem to drive price growth; under priced default options are a more common contributor to high prices. The primary cost of booms has not typically been overbuilding, but rather the financial chaos that accompanies housing downturns.
Transformative Constitutionalism and the Common and Customary Law*
Year: 2010

A basic assumption of the Constitution, which finds expression in its 'development clauses' (ss 8(3) 39(2) is that South Africa cannot progress toward a society based on human dignity, equality, and freedom with a legal system that rigs a transformative constitutional superstructure onto a common and customary law base inherited from the past and indelibly stained by apartheid. We examine South African judges' performance in implementing the development clauses through the lens of legal culture. A central concern is the potential of traditional South African legal culture to constrain the transformative project. South Africa has an advanced Constitution informed by the values of social interdependence and ubuntu, but its jurists continue to deploy traditional methods of legal analysis. Ironically, the United States has a classical liberal and individualist charter, but the Legal Realist tradition bequeathed American lawyers a storehouse of modernist legal methods well suited to South Africa's transformative project. Surveying the cases over the first 15 years of the new dispensation, we find some leading judgments that demonstrate the capability of the courts to transform the common law and that provide glimpses of a more egalitarian, inclusive, and caring legal infrastructure. The chief disappointments are the absence thus far of a coherent exploration of the Constitution's values or an explicit and sustained effort to develop new legal methodologies appropriate to transformative constitutionalism; the reluctance to interrogate the distributive consequences of private law rules in the routines of economic life; the emergence of a neo liberal strand in constitutional application; and the lack of critical sharpness with respect to separation ofpowers vissues. The inhibiting effect of mainstream legal culture is not entirely responsible for these difficulties, but concerns expressed a decade ago that the courts would be held back by the traditionalism of South African legal culture were well taken.
An energy efficient privacy preserving content sharing scheme in mobile social networks
Venue: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Year: 2016

The rising popularity of mobile social media enables personalization of various content sharing and subscribing services. These two types of services entail serious privacy concerns not only to the confidentiality of shared content, but also to the privacy of end users such as their identities, interests and social relationships. Previous works established on the attribute based encryption (ABE) can provide fine grained access control of content. However, practical privacy preserving content sharing in mobile social networks either incurs great risk of information leaking to unauthorized third parties or suffers from high energy consumption for decrypting privacy preserving content. Motivated by these issues, this paper proposes a publish subscribe system with secure proxy decryption (PSSPD) in mobile social networks. First, an effective self contained privacy preserving access control method is introduced to protect the confidentiality of the content and the credentials of users. This method is based on ciphertext policy ABE and public key encryption with keyword search. After that, a secure proxy decryption mechanism is proposed to reduce the heavy burdens of energy consumption on performing ciphertext decryption at end users. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and privacy preservation effectiveness of PSSPD.
GPU Accelerated Matrix Factorization for Recommender Systems
Venue: 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Big Data Analytics (ICBDA)
Year: 2021

Matrix Factorization (MF) is a popular algorithm used to power many recommender systems. Efficient and scalable MF algorithms are essential in order to train on the massive datasets that large scale recommender systems utilize. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology has become very popular in recent years and has become widely used in machine learning. The massive parallelism GPUs offer creates an opportunity to develop an accelerated MF algorithm. This paper presents cu2rec, a matrix factorization algorithm written in CUDA. cu2rec implements a parallel version of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to solve large scale MF problems. cu2rec utilizes multiple advanced techniques to harness better performance from a GPU. These include aggressive use of constant memory for hyper parameters and registers for heavily reused values, a sparse matrix data structure, a reduction sum total loss kernel, a novel approach to parallel lock free updating of feature weights with minimized global memory writes, and fairness across weight updates using user index striding. With a single NVIDIA GPU, cu2rec can be l0x faster than state of the art sequential algorithms while reaching similar error metrics.
Sharing Android Camera to an HTTP Server
Year: 2019

In the previous two chapters, we prepared the Kivy environment for developing desktop applications. After making sure everything was working as expected, we installed Buildozer to build the Android applications. The first application we created in the book was very simple; a single label widget displayed some text. After that, more widgets were added to the application using layouts. The button press action was handled using on_press. A nested widget tree was created, which made debugging much more complicated. For that reason, the KV language was introduced for structuring the widget tree and separating the GUI from the Python logic.
To tune or not to tune: rule evaluation for metaheuristic based sequential covering algorithms
Venue: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Year: 2013

While many papers propose innovative methods for constructing individual rules in separate and conquer rule learning algorithms, comparatively few study the heuristic rule evaluation functions used in these algorithms to ensure that the selected rules combine into a good rule set. Underestimating the impact of this component has led to suboptimal design choices in many algorithms. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of heuristic rule evaluation functions by improving existing rule induction techniques and to provide guidelines for algorithm designers. We first select optimal heuristic rule learning functions for several metaheuristic based algorithms and empirically compare the resulting heuristics across algorithms. This results in large and significant improvements of the predictive accuracy for two techniques. We find that despite the absence of a global optimal choice for all algorithms, good default choices can be shared across algorithms with similar search biases. A near optimal selection can thus be found for new algorithms with minor experimental tuning. Lastly, a major contribution is made towards balancing a model's predictive accuracy with its comprehensibility. We construct a Pareto front of optimal solutions for this trade off and show that gains in comprehensibility and/or accuracy are possible for the techniques studied. The parametrized heuristics enable users to select the desired balance as they offer a high flexibility when it comes to selecting the desired accuracy and comprehensibility in rule miners.
Le onde elettromagnetiche
Year: 2013

In questo capitolo avviamo la ricerca di soluzioni esatte delle equazioni di Maxwell e l'analisi delle loro proprieta. La prima classe di soluzioni che analizzeremo sono le onde piane, che costituiscono un particolare insieme completo di soluzioni delle equazioni di Maxwell nel vuoto, ovvero in assenza di sorgenti cariche: . La rilevanza fenomenologica di queste soluzioni e evidente. Basti pensare che l'energia fornita dal Sole viaggi interamente a cavallo di onde elettromagnetiche e che qualsiasi segnale che si propaga sulla superficie terrestre via etere sia costituito da tali onde. Inoltre la quasi totalita dell'informazione che acquisiamo sull'universo giunge sulla Terra tramite segnali luminosi emessi da oggetti cosmici, segnali costituiti da onde elettromagnetiche che si propagano nello spazio vuoto su enormi scale di distanze.
1264 BOOK REVIEWS
Year: 2016

used by private holders. Both of these papers describe a unique new institutional arrangement which very well may be worthwhile, but they neglect current problems, especially those dealing with macro policy. There are about 30 different presentations contained in this book. This includes the major articles, comments on them, and editor von Furstenberg's, "" listed as #9 of the 13 major works. The last four of these were distributed in advance to conference participants. These papers are the most coherent single group in that they discuss the evolution of the SDR both inside and outside the IMF and trace the historical relation between the establishment of the SDR in 1967 and the subsequent development of the world monetary system.  "The Evolving Role of the SDR," is the most complete study in the volume on this topic. It is well researched and would be a good starting point for potential students of the world monetary system in general and the IMF in particular. Of the other articles, this reviewer would recommend W. M. Corden's article #5) and D. Lomax's article #6) to graduate students and advanced undergraduates. They both use what may be called an iqstitutional historical approach to describe how the IMF has attempted to create a world money and what is the current status of the problem. Prof. Lomax makes clear that his article provides a "secondary source" on the subject of a common unit of account money in Europe. He also provides a number of useful references which may be profitably used by students who want to learn more on the subject. This reviewer would recommend to potential researchers the first half of J. Frenkel's article #2) an econometric analysis of the demand for international reserves; W. Buiter and J. Eaton's piece #3) an overlapping generation growth model of world economic welfare; and P. Kenen's piece #7) which gives a well researched background and describes a scheme to allow private commercial bank holdings of SDR's. This collection of articles would be most profitably used as a reference source on the topic: "The Background and Current Status of the Search for an International Reserve Currency." The most useful portions of the collection are the historical materials on this topic and the new schemes which some of the authors have dreamed up to improve on the current status of the SDR. The book should not be used as a course text, even in a supplementary fashion. If one wishes to use the book for reference, care should be taken to choose the relevant articles because they do not necessarily follow in a logical sequence. Each of them would have quite different uses.
Investing in lean manufacturing practices: an environmental and operational perspective
Venue: Int. J. Prod. Res.
Year: 2019

Lean manufacturing practices (LMPs) and corporate environmental sustainability are becoming inextricably linked. Throughout the lean and green debate, many organisations have recognised that LMPs have implications for their sustainable development and competitive positioning. Not only LMPs are complex on their own, but when perceived from an environmental sustainability perspective, the decision to implement an LMP can become even more intricate. Although general tools exist, the lack of effective decision making tools to help in the implementation of LMPs with an environmental sustainability dimension is palpable. Thus, this study tackles the aforementioned decision problem by incorporating environmental and operational performance outcome expectations as these expectations are viewed in light of the ease of implementation of various LMPs. A novel multi criteria decision making (MCDM) model for evaluation of LMPs is developed in this respect. The model integrates a three parameter interval grey number with rough set theory and the TODIM method. The model is run using empirical data from six manufacturing organisations. The findings facilitate the identification of a 'locus of investments' for a better selection of LMPs. The robustness of the decision support model developed is assessed through sensitivity analysis.
Opportunities and Challenges to Fisheries Policy in the Philippines Today
Year: 2020

A framework on the structure and dynamics of fisheries management is described. It is used to identify four opportunities and two challenges for fisheries policy in the Philippines if it were to rationally harness fisheries as fulcrum for sustainable food and protein security in the country in the next 10 30 years. This is, when climate conditions in the country (and in the world) may reach ireversible changes per some reports. Four specific recommendations on the focusing policies are presented if the Philippines were to achieve a more environmentally anchored "greener" management of fisheries: reconciling and balancing public and private sector interests over fisheries; providing incentives for "green investments" on fisheries; ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability of culture fisheries as a pressure easing complement to capture fisheries, and rationalizing land use to improve the viability of culture fisheries.