nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface decoration of polyimide fiber with carbon nanotubes and its application for mechanical enhancement of phosphoric acid based geopolymers
Year: 2017

A new methodology to decorate the surface of polyimide (PI) fiber with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been developed in this study. This surface decoration was carried out through a surface alkali treatment, a carboxylation modification, surface functionalization with acyl chloride groups and then with amino groups, and a surface graft of CNTs onto PI fiber. Fourier transform infrared and X ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterizations confirmed that CNTs were chemically grafted onto the surface of PI fiber, and scanning electron microscopic observation demonstrated the fiber surface was uniformly and densely covered with CNTs. The surface energy and wettability of PI fiber were improved in the presence of CNTs on the fiber surface, which made a contribution to enhance the interfacial adhesion of PI fiber with other inorganic matrices when used as a reinforcing fiber. The application of CNTs decorated PI fiber for the reinforcement of phosphoric acid based geopolymers was investigated, and the results indicated that the geopolymeric composites gained a noticeable reinforcement. Compared to unreinforced geopolymer, the geopolymeric composites achieved a remarkable increase in compressive strength by 120% and in flexural strength by 283% Fractography investigation demonstrated that the interaction adhesion between the fibers and matrix was enhanced due to the surface decoration of PI fiber with CNTs, which contributed to an improvement in fracture energy dissipation by fiber pullout and fiber debonding from the matrix. As a result, a significant reinforcement effect on geopolymeric composites was achieved through a fiber bridging mechanism. This study provided an effective methodology to improve the interracial bonding force for PI fiber and also proves a highly efficient application of CNTs decorated PI fiber for the mechanical enhancement of geopolymeric composites.
Test Environment Factors Influencing Word Association about Science Terminology in Students
Year: 2015

The list of words and the semantic structure that connects them have been important to the areas of psychology, psychoanalysis, linguistics, and education. Some researchers in constructivist perspectives of science education also have interests in the structure of science concepts expressed by science terminologies. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the test environment factors influencing the word association test as a method to identify students' semantic structures for science terminologies. We set up four variables that are possibly considered in recognizing a word as having scientific meaning. The four variables include: noticing whether stimulus words are science terminologies or not, presenting science terminologies and everyday words alternately, whether presider is science teacher or not, and whether students have learned the concepts or not. In comparing the test results of the experimental group and the control group, we have checked whether each variable influences the test result or not. Stimulus words included nine science terminologies containing both ordinary and scientific meanings, and subjects included 282 middle school students. The degree of recognizing science terminology as having scientific meaning was found to increase only when stimulus words were noticed as science terminologies. In the case of the remaining variables, there was no difference between the control group and the experimental group.
Computational materials design of a corrosion resistant high entropy alloy for harsh environments
Year: 2018

The integrated computational materials engineering approach is inherently well suited to explore the vast, multi dimensional high entropy alloy (HEA) compositional and processing space, and has been adopted in this work, coupled with empiricism, to the design of highly corrosion resistant HEAs. Using the combination of empirical and computational approaches, three non equimolar HEA compositions were identified for their predicted ability to form a single phase structure and to exhibit high corrosion resistance. One of them, Ni38Cr21Fe20Ru13Mo6W2, was successfully synthesized on the lab scale and homogenized at 1250 degC for 120 h. Exceedingly high corrosion resistance of the Ni rich HEA was demonstrated in electrochemical testing.
Native forest tree conservation in tropical agroforests: Case study of cacao farms in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil
Year: 2011

Native forest tree conservation in tropical agroforests: Case study of cacao farms in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil Meghan M. McGinty Agroforests are model systems for ecological conservation in tropical agricultural landscapes because they integrate biodiversity conservation and rural livelihoods. Whether agroforests are long term solutions for conserving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes may depend sapling regeneration of native forest trees in agroforests. In this dissertation, I ask two main questions: are native forest trees regenerating in agroforests and if so, what are the ecological and social drivers? I tested the influence of potential seed sources from both the landscape and parent trees found in the agroforest. I also examined how a set of social factors affected native forest tree regeneration. The social drivers I tested include tree management and use, land tenure and state restricted rights to harvest native timber. I found that a number of native pioneer species are regenerating at relatively high frequencies and abundances. I also found that many secondary native forest tree species are also regenerating although their sapling are found less frequently and at lower abundances. Most primary forest tree species present as adults are not regenerating and lacked sapling in the agroforests. The influence of the ecological factors was limited. The main drivers of native forest tree regeneration on farms are the understorey management and the rural extension services that assisted farms obtain state restricted rights.
Real vs virtual physics experiments: comparison of learning outcomes among fifth grade primary school students. A case on the concept of frictional force
Year: 2019

This paper compares students' conceptual understanding of a standard physics law, i.e. frictional force, following the execution of real vs virtual experiments. The research sample was made up of 110 fifth grade students attending a primary school in the city of Ioannina, Northwestern Greece who were randomly assigned to either the control group (55 students) or the experimental group (55 students) The control group carried out experiments with real world objects, while the experimental group used Interactive Physics simulation software. Data was collected by administering to both groups identical pre and post tests, before and after the experiments respectively and which contained six questions each. The SOLO taxonomy model was used to evaluate student answers and the findings reveal that both experimentation methods are equally effective in the conceptual understanding of frictional force.
Intersectionality and research in psychology.
Venue: The American psychologist
Year: 2009

Feminist and critical race theories offer the concept of intersectionality to describe analytic approaches that simultaneously consider the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage. To understand how these categories depend on one another for meaning and are jointly associated with outcomes, reconceptualization of the meaning and significance of the categories is necessary. To accomplish this, the author presents 3 questions for psychologists to ask: Who is included within this category? What role does inequality play? Where are there similarities? The 1st question involves attending to diversity within social categories. The 2nd conceptualizes social categories as connoting hierarchies of privilege and power that structure social and material life. The 3rd looks for commonalities across categories commonly viewed as deeply different. The author concludes with a discussion of the implications and value of these 3 questions for each stage of the research process.
Universitatsbibliothek der Medizinischen Universitat Wien grosste Medizinbibliothek Osterreichs Hybridbibliothek als Zukunftskonzept
Year: 2009

The today's Medical University Library was established as Faculty Library of the Vienna University Library in 1986 and serves till now as the largest Medical Library in Austria. The Main Library is located in the Vienna General Hospital (University hospitals) During 1994 and 2003 it became the Austrian Central Library for Medicine. Since 2004 University Library of the newly founded Medical University of Vienna supplies literature and information for 8500 Students, 1800 scientists and 1600 doctors. The article describes the Library's participation on projects of the Austrian Library Consortium and the Austrian Cooperation for E media. It specifies the offers and use of the digital library (professional databases, electronic journals, document delivery, e books) but also the website and the "Van Swieten" Blog which are the information and communication platforms of the University Library. The next part shows the supply of traditional library which consists of the Clinical Library, the Textbook Collection and the Students Reading Room. We report also on the Library for the History of Medicine, their precious medical historical holdings and their current activities connected with the digitalization of the card index. The library's activities to the "Medizin Curriculum Wien" trainings and tours are told in the chapter about the Teaching Library but also the Information Retrieval Service and the activities due to training, placement and projects of librarians. Another part speaks about the special activities in international projects like "subito" "E books on demand" and a gateway for PDAs. The Medical University Library was the first Austrian library who used the LinkOut function of PubMed. The library works on a project of "Wiedergutmachung" (NS Provenienzforschung) and a very ambitious Weblog for the remembrance of the displaced professors at the medical faculty of the University of Vienna in 1938. The last chapter presents a development plan of the prospective activities of the University Library. To complete the essay the characteristic factors, addresses and an extensive bibliography about the development of the library is added.
Impact of Organizational Resistance to Change on BPR Implementation: A Case of State Bank of Pakistan
Year: 2014

The purpose of this research study is to find the impact of organizational resistance to change on BPR implementation. This paper proposed that Human related factors, Organization related factors and IT training are responsible for explaining the organizational resistance and have a positive impact on the success of BPR implementation. A questionnaire survey is conducted in the State Bank of Pakistan where BPR is done. The results have shown that explanatory factors influence the BPR implementation up to 65.7% and have a significant and positive impact on the latter. When the human related factors and organizational factors are taken care of, and proper IT training is given to the employees, it helps the organization to manage any resistance coming up with a change process, and hence it results in the successful implementation of BPR.  Business Process Reengineering, Organizational Resistance, Change, Organization Related Factors, Human Related Factors, IT Training.
Optimal reinsurance and dividends with transaction costs and taxes under thinning structure
Year: 2020

In this paper, we investigate the problem of optimal reinsurance and dividends under the Cramer Lundberg risk model with the thinning dependence structure which was first introduced by Wang and Yuen [Wang, G. Yuen, K. C. (2005) On a correlated aggregate claims model with thinning dependence structure.  The optimization criterion is to maximize the expected accumulated discounted dividends paid until ruin. To enhance the practical relevance of the optimal dividend and reinsurance problem, non cheap reinsurance is considered and transaction costs and taxes are imposed on dividends. These realistic features convert our optimization problem into a mixed classical impulse control problem. For the sake of mathematical tractability, we replace the Cramer Lundberg risk model by its diffusion approximation. Using the method of quasi variational inequalities, we show that the optimal reinsurance follows a two dimensional excess of loss reinsurance strategy, and the optimal dividend strategy turns out to be an impulse dividend strategy with an upper and a lower barrier, i.e. everything above the lower barrier is paid as dividends whenever the surplus goes beyond the upper barrier, and no dividends are paid otherwise. Under the diffusion risk model, closed form expressions for the value function associated with the optimal dividend and reinsurance strategy are derived. In addition, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the optimality results.
Programming nonreciprocity and reversibility in multistable mechanical metamaterials
Venue: Nature communications
Year: 2021

Nonreciprocity can be passively achieved by harnessing material nonlinearities. In particular, networks of nonlinear bistable elements with asymmetric energy landscapes have recently been shown to support unidirectional transition waves. However, in these systems energy can be transferred only when the elements switch from the higher to the lower energy well, allowing for a one time signal transmission. Here, we show that in a mechanical metamaterial comprising a 1D array of bistable arches nonreciprocity and reversibility can be independently programmed and are not mutually exclusive. By connecting shallow arches with symmetric energy wells and decreasing energy barriers, we design a reversible mechanical diode that can sustain multiple signal transmissions. Further, by alternating arches with symmetric and asymmetric energy landscapes we realize a nonreciprocal chain that enables propagation of different transition waves in opposite directions.
Functional Brain Correlates of Social and Nonsocial Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta Analysis
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Year: 2009

Functional neuroimaging studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have examined social and nonsocial paradigms, although rarely in the same study. Here, we provide an objective, unbiased survey of functional brain abnormalities in ASD, related to both social and nonsocial processing.  We conducted two separate voxel wise activation likelihood estimation meta analyses of 39 functional neuroimaging studies consisting of 24 studies examining social processes (e.g. theory of mind, face perception) and 15 studies examining nonsocial processes (e.g. attention control, working memory) Voxel wise significance threshold was p<.05, corrected by false discovery rate.  Compared with neurotypical control (NC) subjects, ASD showed greater likelihood of hypoactivation in two medial wall regions: perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in social tasks only and dorsal ACC in nonsocial studies. Further, right anterior insula, recently linked to social cognition, was more likely to be hypoactivated in ASD in the analyses of social studies. In nonsocial studies, group comparisons showed greater likelihood of activation for the ASD group in the rostral ACC region that is typically suppressed during attentionally demanding tasks.  Despite substantial heterogeneity of tasks, the rapidly increasing functional imaging literature showed ASD related patterns of hypofunction and aberrant activation that depended on the specific cognitive domain, i.e. social versus nonsocial. These results provide a basis for targeted extensions of these findings with younger subjects and a range of paradigms, including analyses of default mode network regulation in ASD.
Effect of microbubbles in deep flow hydroponic culture on Spinach growth
Year: 2017

Microbubbled air may be efficiently supplied to the culture solution, since microbubbles are more efficiently dissolved in water than millibubbles. To establish an enhanced air supply method in the hydroponic culture of vegetables, microbubbles were applied using the deep flow technique to a hydroponic culture system of spinach. Spinach was cultivated in culture solution treated microbubbles for 21 days, then harvested and measured growth and concentrations of inorganic components and chlorophyll in the leaf blade. The results showed that microbubbles applied to the culture solution promoted the growth of spinach more than that by millibubbles. Using microbubbles, cultivars maintained a high concentration of dissolved oxygen at the middle growth stage, during which the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture solution was reduced by the active root respiration. This result suggests that microbubbles are more effective than millibubbles in the hydroponic culture of vegetables.
Pathology of post primary tuberculosis of the lung: an illustrated critical review.
Venue: Tuberculosis
Year: 2011

Post primary tuberculosis occurs in immunocompetent adults, is restricted to the lungs and accounts for 80% of all clinical cases and nearly 100% of transmission of infection. The supply of human tissues with post primary tuberculosis plummeted with the introduction of antibiotics decades before the flowering of research using molecular methods in animal models. Unfortunately, the paucity of human tissues prevented validation of the models. As a result, it is a paradigm of contemporary research that caseating granulomas are the characteristic lesion of all tuberculosis and that cavities form when they erode into bronchi. This differs from descriptions of the preantibiotic era when many investigators had access to thousands of cases. They reported that post primary tuberculosis begins as an exudative reaction: a tuberculous lipid pneumonia of foamy alveolar macrophages that undergoes caseation necrosis and fragmentation to produce cavities. Granulomas in post primary disease arise only in response to old caseous pneumonia and produce fibrosis, not cavities. We confirmed and extended these observations with study of 104 cases of untreated tuberculosis. In addition, studies of the lungs of infants and immunosuppressed adults revealed a second type of tuberculous pneumonia that seldom produces cavities. Since the concept that cavities arise from caseating granulomas was supported by studies of animals infected with Mycobacterium bovis, we investigated its pathology. We found that M. bovis does not produce post primary tuberculosis in any species. It only produces an aggressive primary tuberculosis that can develop small cavities by erosion of caseating granulomas. Consequently, a key unresolved question in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis is identification of the mechanisms by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis establish a localized safe haven in alveolar macrophages in an otherwise solidly immune host where it can develop conditions for formation of cavities and transmission to new hosts.
The Use Of Model Songs With Simple And Repetitive Lyrics In Teaching English Vocabulary In A Bandung School WhichFollows The Paud Standard
Year: 2017

Mempelajari kosakata baru dalam bahasa Inggris dapat sangat melelahkan bagi anak anak usia dini di Indonesia. Salah satu media yang dapat dipakai oleh guru untuk membantu anak anak usia dini adalah dengan menggunakan lagu. Tujuan penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan lagu yang sederhana dengan pengulangan lirik akan memenuhi Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak (STPPA) dalam kurikulum sekolah berdasarkan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal utama yang dapat membuat penggunaan lagu yang sederhana dengan pengulangan lirik menjadi efektif sehingga dapat memenuhi standar sekolah PAUD. Penulis juga akan membahas karakteristik anak usia dini, pengaruh musik dalam perkembangan kognitif dan afektif anak usia dini, tujuan dalam menggunakan lagu untuk anak anak TK, kriteria lirik lagu untuk mengajar kosakata baru dalam bahasa Inggris, penggunaan lagu model di TK dalam pembelajaran bahasa dan standar sekolah untuk pembelajaran bahasa berdasarkan PAUD. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Desain Eksperimental dengan Desain Pengukuran Berulang. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 30 anak yang sama yang dilakukan sebanyak 20 kali pertemuan dengan kondisi yang sama. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kerja anak dan tes lisan. Sedangkan teknik analisis data penelitian menggunakan nilai rata rata seluruh anak yang hadir dalam setiap 20 kali pertemuan. Hasil yang diperoleh pada seluruh pertemuan tersebut mencapai 62 97 Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan lagu yang sederhana dengan pengulangan lirik memenuhi standar sekolah PAUD dan pengulangan kosakata baru pada lagu adalah hal utama yang menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam penggunaan lagu yang sederhana dengan pengulangan lirik dalam mengajar kosakata bahasa Inggris yang memenuhi standar sekolah PAUD.
Shrinkage as Activation for Learned Image Compression
Venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Year: 2020

With recent advances in learned entropy and context models, the rate distortion performance of deep learned image compression methods reached or surpassed those of conventional codecs. However, learned image compression is currently more complex and slower than conventional image compression. Learned image and video compression methods almost exclusively employ the generalized divisive normalization (GDN) activation function. This paper investigates the effect of activation function on the performance of image compression in terms of both objective and subjective criteria as well as runtime. In particular, we show that the distribution of latents produced by hard shrinkage fits a Laplacian better, and it is possible to achieve similar rate distortion and better visual performance using hard shrinkage with lower complexity.
A Steady State Thermal Gradient Generator for Material Characterization Using an Induction Heating System
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Year: 2021

Mobility/diffusion of ions can occur mainly in two situations. The first one when a potential difference is applied to electrodes of an electrochemical device as in batteries for instance (i.e. charge/discharge) In the second one, the diffusion process is driven by the thermal gradient existing within the material. This article deals with the design of a controlled thermal gradient generator (TGG) which opens the way to thoroughly study the effect of temperature difference on the chemical diffusion and mechanical resistance of shaped samples (e.g. a pellet and a rod) This TGG uses a combination of two susceptors involving the control of their respective temperatures. One is controlled by adjusting the power of a high frequency generator that supplies an induction heating coil. The other is controlled, mainly, by the displacement of the sample/susceptors set through this same coil, with a motorized stage. The operation and control parameters are defined within a dedicated user friendly software application. During the whole experiment, the two temperatures can be varied, while the inner thermal gradient of the sample is kept constant, as long as these temperatures are high enough.