nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Teaching Disciplinary Literacy to Adolescents: Rethinking Content Area Literacy
Year: 2008

In this article, Timothy and Cynthia Shanahan argue that "disciplinary literacy" advanced literacy instruction embedded within content area classes such as math, science, and social studies should be a focus of middle and secondary school settings. Moving beyond the oft cited "every teacher a teacher of reading" philosophy that has historically frustrated secondary content area teachers, the Shanahans present data collected during the first two years of a study on disciplinary literacy that reveal how content experts and secondary content teachers read disciplinary texts, make use of comprehension strategies, and subsequently teach those strategies to adolescent readers. Preliminary findings suggest that experts from math, chemistry, and history read their respective texts quite differently; consequently, both the content area experts and secondary teachers in this study recommend different comprehension strategies for work with adolescents. This study not only has implications for which comprehension strategies might best fit particular disciplinary reading tasks, but also suggests how students may be best prepared for the reading, writing, and thinking required by advanced disciplinary coursework. Reading is commonly viewed as a basic set of skills, widely adaptable and applicable to all kinds of texts and reading situations. Accordingly, in the 1990s, most states took on the challenge of improving young children's reading skills, assuming that once the basics of literacy were accomplished, students would be well equipped for literacy related tasks later in life (Blair, 1999) The idea that basic reading skills automatically evolve into more advanced reading skills, and that these basic skills are highly generalizable and adaptable, is partially correct: The basic perceptual and decoding skills that are connected with early
Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Initial Return Pada Perusahaan Yang Melakukan Initial Public Offering (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2008 2011)
Year: 2013

T his study aimed to examine the effect of liquidity, as measured by current ratio (CR) leverage as measured by debt toequity ratio (DER) and profitability as measured by return on asse t (ROA) to initial return in companies that do initial public offering. This study considered the causative research. The population in this study was companies that do initial public offering listed on BEI in 2008 until 2011. The sample was determined by the purposive sampling method and obtain 28 companies. Types of data used was secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id. The method of analysis used is multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 5% the results of the study concluded: (1) likuiditas which given has no effect on initial return on companies of that do initial public offering with the b coefficient is posi ti ve amounted to 0, 026 and significance value 0.086 0.05, (2) leverage as measured debt to equity ratio has a no effect on initial return on companies that do initial public offering with the b coefficient is nega tive amounted to 0,010 and significance value 0.283 0.05 (3) profitabilitas as measured return on asset has a effect on intial return that do initial public offering with the b coefficient is negative amounted to 0.068 and significance value 0.003 0.05 Based on the above results, it is suggested: (1) Doing research about other influence such as influence from non finance(2) For the next research, it's better to separate kind of company industry that will be researched. (3)In taking decision to invest, the investor should consider about others factors that more influence toward initial return besides the factor that is researched in this research. Key Words initial return, liquidity, current ratio, leverage, debt to equity ratio, profitability, Return on Asset
Red Teaming Strategy: Huawei's Organizational Learning and Resilience
Year: 2020

Red team refers to an imaginary enemy within an organization. With the "winter is coming" consciousness, Huawei established its Red Team in the 1990s. The Red Team of Huawei analyzes and imitates its major competitors. It also helps Huawei in learning from its industry peers and ensures Huawei operating robustly against a disturbing external environment. In this chapter, we use three examples to explain the functions and importance of Red teaming strategy in Huawei and discuss how Huawei implements red teaming strategy to promote organizational learning and resilience through the lens of ambidexterity and paradox management.
A Secure Method for Managing Data in Cloud Storage using Deduplication and Enhanced Fuzzy Based Intrusion Detection Framework
Year: 2020

Cloud services increase data availability so as to offer flawless service to the client. Because of increasing data availability, more redundancies and more memory space are required to store such data. Cloud computing requires essential storage and efficient protection for all types of data. With the amount of data produced seeing an exponential increase with time, storing the replicated data contents is inevitable. Hence, using storage optimization approaches becomes an important pre requisite for enormous storage domains like cloud storage. Data deduplication is the technique which compresses the data by eliminating the replicated copies of similar data and it is widely utilized in cloud storage to conserve bandwidth and minimize the storage space. Despite the data deduplication eliminates data redundancy and data replication; it likewise presents significant data privacy and security problems for the end user. Considering this, in this work, a novel security based deduplication model is proposed to reduce a hash value of a given file size and provide additional security for cloud storage. In proposed method the hash value of a given file is reduced employing Distributed Storage Hash Algorithm (DSHA) and to provide security the file is encrypted by using an Improved Blowfish Encryption Algorithm (IBEA) This framework also proposes the enhanced fuzzy based intrusion detection system (EFIDS) by defining rules for the major attacks, thereby alert the system automatically. Finally the combination of data exclusion and security encryption technique allows cloud users to effectively manage their cloud storage by avoiding repeated data encroachment. It also saves bandwidth and alerts the system from attackers. The results of experiments reveal that the discussed algorithm yields improved throughput and bytes saved per second in comparison with other chunking algorithms.
Oral treatment with the herbal formula B307 alleviates cardiac toxicity in doxorubicin treated mice via suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis
Venue: OncoTargets and therapy
Year: 2015

This study aimed to investigate whether the herbal formula B307 could alleviate doxorubicin (DOX) induced acute cardiotoxicity. If so, we further unraveled possible molecular mechanisms of cardiac protection under treatment with the herbal formula B307.  Before the animal experiment, we examined relative viabilities of Huh7 cancer cells under treatment with the herbal formula B307. To test whether oral treatment with the herbal formula B307 could alleviate cardiotoxicity, equal volumes of B307 (50 mg/kg) or saline (sham treatment) were administered to 20 week old male mice once daily for 14 consecutive days. Then, DOX (10 mg/kg; ip) was administered to male mice under B307 and sham treatments at 22 23 weeks of age. Cardiac functions in these mice were assessed via echocardiography at 23 24 weeks of age. Then, expressions of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis related proteins were examined in the heart tissue by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting at 24 25 weeks of age. Apart from this, mortality rate and body weight were measured during the experiment.  In vitro, the relative viabilities of Huh7 cancer cells under treatment with the herbal formula B307 had shown no obvious change at doses of 10 160 ng/mL. Furthermore, the relative viabilities of Huh7 cancer cells were significantly reduced under DOX treatment but showed no significant change under DOX only and DOX plus B307 treatment. In vivo, the mortality rate, body weight, and cardiac function of DOX treated mice were obviously improved under oral treatment with the herbal formula B307. Furthermore, cardiac expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase 2, and B cell lymphoma 2 were significantly enhanced, but tumor necrosis factor alpha, NFKB1 (p50 and its precursor, p105) neurotrophin 3, Bcl 2 associated X protein, calpain, caspase 12, caspase 9, and caspase 3 were significantly suppressed in DOX treated mice under oral treatment with the herbal formula B307.  Our results revealed that oral treatment with the herbal formula B307 may provide cardioprotection in DOX treated mice via suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in heart tissue. We believe that the herbal formula B307 may be developed as a potential alternative treatment for cancer patients under DOX treatment.
Fatal zolpidem poisoning due to its intravenous self injection: Postmortem distribution/redistribution of zolpidem and its predominant metabolite zolpidem phenyl 4 carboxylic acid in body fluids and solid tissues in an autopsy case.
Venue: Forensic science international
Year: 2018

We experienced a curious fatal case, in which a male in his 20s self administered zolpidem intravenously. The victim was found dead lying on floor of his apartment room, with a tourniquet band and new injection marks on his right forearm. Nearby the body, a medical disposal syringe containing small volume solution dissolving crushed zolpidem tablets was found. The postmortem interval was estimated at about two days. The direct cause of his death was judged as asphyxia due to the aspiration of stomach contents into the trachea and bronchi. The specimens dealt with were body fluids and solid tissues including femoral vein blood, right and left heart blood, pericardial fluid, urine, bile, stomach contents, the brain, lung, heart muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas and skeletal muscle. For the extractions of zolpidem, zolpidem phenyl 4 carboxylic acid, deuterated internal standards zolpidem d7 and zolpidem phenyl 4 carboxylic acid d4, a modified QuEChERS method was used, followed by the analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Because this study included various kinds of human matrices with quite different properties, the standard addition method was most preferable to overcome the matrix effects and recovery rates, and also did not need to use blank human matrices for validation experiments. The concentration of zolpidem and its phenyl 4 carboxylic acid metabolite in various specimens tested were generally extreme higher than those of reported fatal cases, supporting that the victim had died of intravenous zolpidem injection. The concentrations of zolpidem in femoral vein blood and right and left heart blood specimens in the present case were 9.55, 28.5 and 46.9mg/mL, respectively, which far exceeded estimated fatal levels. The present study also showed the postmortem distribution/redistribution of zolpidem and its phenyl 4 carboxylic acid metabolite in 15 body fluid and solid tissue specimens including stomach contents. Although a number of published literatures dealt with zolpidem poisoning cases due to oral ingestion of the drug, this is the first report on fatal intravenous zolpidem injection case and postmortem distribution of zolpidem and its predominant metabolite.
ICA AROMA: A robust ICA based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data
Venue: NeuroImage
Year: 2015

Head motion during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning can induce spurious findings and/or harm detection of true effects. Solutions have been proposed, including deleting 'scrubbing' or regressing out 'spike regression' motion volumes from fMRI time series. These strategies remove motion induced signal variations at the cost of destroying the autocorrelation structure of the fMRI time series and reducing temporal degrees of freedom. ICA based fMRI denoising strategies overcome these drawbacks but typically require re training of a classifier, needing manual labeling of derived components (e.g. ICA FIX; Salimi Khorshidi et al. (2014) Here, we propose an ICA based strategy for Automatic Removal of Motion Artifacts (ICA AROMA) that uses a small (n=4) but robust set of theoretically motivated temporal and spatial features. Our strategy does not require classifier re training, retains the data's autocorrelation structure and largely preserves temporal degrees of freedom. We describe ICA AROMA, its implementation, and initial validation. ICA AROMA identified motion components with high accuracy and robustness as illustrated by leave N out cross validation. We additionally validated ICA AROMA in resting state (100 participants) and task based fMRI data (118 participants) Our approach removed (motion related) spurious noise from both rfMRI and task based fMRI data to larger extent than regression using 24 motion parameters or spike regression. Furthermore, ICA AROMA increased sensitivity to group level activation. Our results show that ICA AROMA effectively reduces motion induced signal variations in fMRI data, is applicable across datasets without requiring classifier re training, and preserves the temporal characteristics of the fMRI data.
Secondary metabolism in the lichen symbiosis.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews
Year: 2018

Lichens, which are defined by a core symbiosis between a mycobiont (fungal partner) and a photobiont (photoautotrophic partner) are in fact complex assemblages of microorganisms that constitute a largely untapped source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Historically, compounds isolated from lichens have predominantly been those produced by the dominant fungal partner, and these continue to be of great interest for their unique chemistry and biotechnological potential. In recent years it has become apparent that many photobionts and lichen associated bacteria also produce a range of potentially valuable molecules. There is evidence to suggest that the unique nature of the symbiosis has played a substantial role in shaping many aspects of lichen chemistry, for example driving bacteria to produce metabolites that do not bring them direct benefit but are useful to the lichen as a whole. This is most evident in studies of cyanobacterial photobionts, which produce compounds that differ from free living cyanobacteria and are unique to symbiotic organisms. The roles that these and other lichen derived molecules may play in communication and maintaining the symbiosis are poorly understood at present. Nonetheless, advances in genomics, mass spectrometry and other analytical technologies are continuing to illuminate the wealth of biological and chemical diversity present within the lichen holobiome. Implementation of novel biodiscovery strategies such as metagenomic screening, coupled with synthetic biology approaches to reconstitute, re engineer and heterologously express lichen derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivable host, offer a promising means for tapping into this hitherto inaccessible wealth of natural products.
Identification of emerging contaminants and their transformation products in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) based drinking water treatment plant around River Yamuna in India
Venue: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Year: 2020

The prevalence of emerging contaminants of concern in water regimes is very common these days. High anthropogenic intervention is leading to occurrence of various types of microcontaminants of concern in drinking water systems. Their removal using conventional form of treatment systems employed in water treatment plants is not widely researched upon. Their fate in the conventional as well as advanced water treatment system needs to be focused upon for efficient and safe water disposal. Some compounds may leave the system unchanged or some might transform into much more toxic byproduct. Moreover, understanding level of occurrence of these emerging contaminants in source water bodies is also quintessential for assessing their fate in treatment plant itself as well as in the final treated water. Here in this study, the occurrence and removal of various classes of emerging contaminants were investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) based advanced drinking water treatment plant (ADWTP) alongside one conventional drinking water treatment plant, both of which use River Yamuna as the source of water. Non target analysis utilizing high performance liquid chromatography combined with time of flight (HPLC QToF) identified more than 300 compounds. Pharmaceuticals accounted for a major fraction (58% of the identified compounds, followed by plasticizers and insecticides. Nine parent compound and their transformation products were additionally identified using solid phase extraction followed by analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and HPLC QToF. The degradation pathway of the parent compounds in MBBR based ADWTP was also analyzed in depth. The efficiency of each unit process of MBBR based drinking water treatment plant was studied in terms of removal of few emerging contaminants. Pharmaceutical compound like diclofenac supposedly was persistent, even, toward the end of the treatment train. Semi quantitative analysis revealed ineffective removal of pyridine, hydrochlorothiazide, and diethyl phthalate in the outlet of ADWTP. ADWTP was able to remove a few emerging contaminants, but a few were recalcitrant. Likewise, it was established that although some parent compounds were degraded, much more toxic transformation products were formed and were prevalent at the end of the treatment.
The experience of postnatal depression in West African mothers living in the United Kingdom: a qualitative study.
Venue: Midwifery
Year: 2014

to explore the lived experience of postnatal depression (PND) in West African mothers living in the United Kingdom (UK) DESIGN using a qualitative design, semi structured interviews were undertaken. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore and analyse the data. SETTING community health services within inner city suburbs in Manchester, England. PARTICIPANTS six West African mothers (Nigeria=3; Ghana=3) who were experiencing low mood in the postnatal period. FINDINGS five overarching themes emerged: (1) conceptualising PND, (2) isolation, (3) loss of identity, (4) issues of trust and (5) relationships as a protective factor. Women exhibited symptoms of PND but did not regard it as an illness. In their view, postnatal depression and distress resulted from social stress. Participants stated that their cultural background made it difficult to disclose feelings of depression thus adversely influencing their help seeking behaviour.  this is the first study to investigate the experiences of West African mothers with PND who live in the UK, and how they perceive and make sense of their experiences. The themes generated add to the body of existing research on PND in Black and ethnic minority populations and offer insight into the lived experience of West African women residing in England. Such insights are vital in order to deliver effective, culturally sensitive care.  PRACTICE these findings have implications on how services should be designed to increase their accessibility to African women, by using a community psychology approach alongside systemic and group interventions. Challenges to help seeking and language used to describe experiences are considered.
How Managers Talk About Their Consumption of Popular Management Concepts: Identity, Rules and Situations
Year: 2013

This paper analyses how top managers account for their consumption of popular management concepts. By 'consumption' we refer to managers acting as active users of popular management concepts within their organizations. After reviewing the relevant literature, we argue that the logic of appropriateness is a better theoretical perspective to view, understand and analyse managers' accounts of concept consumption than is the logic of consequence. We apply this perspective to extensive interviews we conducted with top managers in Germany. Based on the managers' own accounts of how they understand and apply popular management concepts, we identified four discourse categories: (1) learning from others' experiences, (2) controlling organizational change, (3) gaining external legitimacy and (4) collective sensemaking. We argue that these discourse categories all draw on the social norm of rationality central to managerial identity, while differing in socially defined rules about how rationality is realized in typical management situations. Our findings strongly encourage researchers, when investigating popular management concepts in the future, to take into account the situational nature of rationality that circumstantiates the consumption of concepts.
Hard Attention Net for Automatic Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Venue: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
Year: 2020

Automated retinal vessel segmentation is among the most significant application and research topics in ophthalmologic image analysis. Deep learning based retinal vessel segmentation models have attracted much attention in the recent years. However, current deep network designs tend to predominantly focus on vessels which are easy to segment, while overlooking vessels which are more difficult to segment, such as thin vessels or those with uncertain boundaries. To address this critical gap, we propose a new end to end deep learning architecture for retinal vessel segmentation: hard attention net (HAnet) Our design is composed of three decoder networks: the first of which dynamically locates which image regions are "hard" or "easy" to analyze, while the other two aim to segment retinal vessels in these "hard" and "easy" regions independently. We introduce attention mechanisms in the network to reinforce focus on image features in the "hard" regions. Finally, a final vessel segmentation map is generated by fusing all decoder outputs. To quantify the network's performance, we evaluate our model on four public fundus photography datasets (DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB1, HRF) two recent published color scanning laser ophthalmoscopy image datasets (IOSTAR, RC SLO) and a self collected indocyanine green angiography dataset. Compared to existing state of the art models, the proposed architecture achieves better/comparable performances in segmentation accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and f1 score. To further gauge the ability to generalize our model, cross dataset and cross modality evaluations are conducted, and demonstrate promising extendibility of our proposed network architecture.
U.S. Green Building Adoption Index 2018
Year: 2018

Since its inception in 2014, the Green Building Adoption Index, developed by CBRE and Maastricht University, has helped the commercial real estate market measure and understand the importance of "green" buildings, by tracking the adoption of green building certifications over time.The 2018 Green Building Adoption Index shows that across the 30 largest U.S. office markets, about 4,700 buildings, representing more than 41% of commercial space in those markets, have now been certified as "green," the highest total in the index' history. This year's #1 market is again Chicago, followed by San Francisco and, newly rising,