nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of transient phenomena in the discharge coefficient through the intake valve in an internal combustion engine
Year: 2014

The project of engine intake systems involves optim ization of parameters such as the pipe length and diameter, ju nctions, and opening and closing times of the intake and exhaust valves. The correct sizing leads to an increase of the air mass admitted to the cylinders at the desired engine operational con ditions. A suitable design of the intake valves in internal co mbustion engines is one of the factors that maximize the amo unt of intake air mass to the cylinder. The parameter that determ ines the maximization of the mass flow through the valves is called discharge coefficient. The mass flow through the va lve is usually described by the compressible flow equation through a restriction, based on a dimensional analysis of an isentropic flow. In the present work, pressure variations cau sed by the valve movement were investigated experimentally considering an intake system. The objective was to study and co mpare the dynamic response of the flow through the intake val ve. For this purpose, curves of mass flow rate and the dynamic p ressure in several locations of the intake system were obtaine d. The experimental data were obtained from the intake sys tem connected to a cylinder head. The cylinder head was installed in an air supply system consisted by a blower, a flow measurement device, and a reservoir chamber. The valves were driven by an electric motor with controlled rotatio nal speed. The results showed that the correct design of the i ntake valve affects positively the air mass flow rate.
Recent progress of the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Material and structure designs of microporous layer
Year: 2020

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have become the most attractive power supply units for stationary and mobile applications. The operation, design characteristics, as well as performance of PEMFCs, are closely related to the multiphase transport of mass, heat, and electricity in the cell, a critical of which is the gas diffusion layer (GDL) It is very important to guarantee the transmission of water and gasses under high current density, and which is the weakness of PEMFCs at present. Microporous layer (MPL) is considered to be the key variable for mass transfer, so varieties of works focus on modification of MPL materials and its structure design. However, there is still a lack of special review to summarize and prospect the progress of MPL in recent years. This review article therefore focuses on the insights and comprehensive understanding of four critical issues of the MPL, the porosity, pore size distribution, wettability, structural design and the durability of MPL. At last, the conclusion and recommendations section summarized the future prospects and recommendations for possible research opportunities.
Power system design fundamentals
Year: 2018

This chapter will examine fundamental aspects of electrical power system theory that form the basis of power system design and operation, and which in turn are essential to the preparation of a construction design specification. It will also briefly examine the fundamentals of the wider power system such as generator and high voltage direct current (HVDC) theory and operation. Although various parts of this chapter can be obtained from a wide range of contemporary technical publications, it is collated here to provide a concise and relevant reference source in a single publication for ease of assimilation. The following will be examined: 1.Basic power system relationships 2. Power system current flow analysis 3. Transformer fundamentals 4. Per cent impedance and fault level analysis 4. Synchronous generator fundamentals 5.Wind generation 6. Power system transients 7.HVDC transmission.
Mitochondria and microbiota dysfunction in COVID 19 pathogenesis
Venue: Mitochondrion
Year: 2020

The COVID 19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus (SARS CoV 2) has taken the world by surprise into a major crisis of overwhelming morbidity and mortality. This highly infectious disease is associated with respiratory failure unusual in other coronavirus infections. Mounting evidence link the accelerated progression of the disease in COVID 19 patients to the hyper inflammatory state termed as the "cytokine storm" involving major systemic perturbations. These include iron dysregulation manifested as hyperferritinemia associated with disease severity. Iron dysregulation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promotes oxidative stress. The mitochondria are the hub of cellular oxidative homeostasis. In addition, the mitochondria may circulate "cell free" in non nucleated platelets, in extracellular vesicles and mitochondrial DNA is found in the extracellular space. The heightened inflammatory/oxidative state may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction leading to platelet damage and apoptosis. The interaction of dysfunctional platelets with coagulation cascades aggravates clotting events and thrombus formation. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidative stress may contribute to microbiota dysbiosis, altering coagulation pathways and fueling the inflammatory/oxidative response leading to the vicious cycle of events. Here, we discuss various cellular and systemic incidents caused by SARS CoV 2 that may critically impact intra and extracellular mitochondrial function, and contribute to the progression and severity of the disease. It is crucial to understand how these key modulators impact COVID 19 pathogenesis in the quest to identify novel therapeutic targets that may reduce fatal outcomes of the disease.
Criteria for Spike Initiated Rotating Stall
Year: 2008

A computational study to define the phenomena that lead to the onset of short length scale (spike) rotating stall disturbances has been carried out. Based on unsteady simulations, we hypothesize there are two conditions necessary for the formation of spike disturbances, both of which are linked to the tip clearance flow. One is that the interface between the tip clearance and oncoming flows becomes parallel to the leading edge plane. The second is the initiation of backflow, stemming from the fluid in adjacent passages, at the trailing edge plane. The two criteria also imply a circumferential length scale for spike disturbances. The hypothesis and scenario developed are consistent with numerical simulations and experimental observations of axial compressor stall inception. A comparison of calculations for multiple blades with those for single passages also allows statements to be made about the utility of single passage computations as a descriptor of compressor stall.
Hegel's Subjective Logic as a Logic for (Hegel's) Philosophy of Mind
Venue: Hegel Bulletin
Year: 2016

In the 1930s, C. I. Lewis, who was responsible for the revival of modal logic in the era of modern symbolic logic, characterized 'intensional' approaches to logic as typical of post Leibnizian 'continental philosophy' in contrast to the 'extensionalist' approaches dominant in the British tradition. Indeed Lewis's own work in this area had been inspired by the logic of his teacher, the American 'Absolute Idealist' Josiah Royce. Hegel's 'Subjective Logic' in Book III of his Science of Logic, can, I suggest, be considered as an intensional modal logic, and this paper explores parallels between it and a later variety of modal logic tense logic, as developed by Arthur Prior in the 1950s and 60s. Like Lewis, Prior too had been influenced in this area by a teacher with strong Hegelian leanings John N. Findlay. Treated as an intensional (with an 's' logic, Hegel's subjective logic can be used as a framework for addressing issues of intentionality (with a 't' the mind's capacity to be intentionally directed to objects. In this way, I suggest that the structures of his subjective logic can clarify what is at issue in the 'Psychology' section of the Encyclopaedia Philosophy of Subjective Spirit.
Action pedagogique et therapeutique sur les lombalgies aigues etude qualitative puis quantitative et creation d'une fiche pedago therapeutique
Year: 2018

Contexte la lombalgie est un probleme de societe vecteur de depenses importantes pour l'assurance maladie. Le temps pedagogique dans une consultation de medecine generale est important mais parfois trop court pour pallier au manque d'education des patients sur le sujet. Objectif realiser une analyse descriptive des connaissances qu'ont les patients sur les lombalgies. Methode elle a comporte trois etapes successives. Une premiere etait une etude qualitative visant a recolter le vocabulaire des patients sur la pathologie lombalgique. Elle a ete realisee par l'administration d'un questionnaire au sein du service de medecine polyvalente du centre hospitalier de Mamers (Orne) La seconde etait la construction, grace a ce vocabulaire, de notre deuxieme questionnaire, quantitatif cette fois, permettant d'evaluer la connaissance des patients sur les lombalgies aigues et chroniques. La troisieme etait l'elaboration d'une fiche educative et therapeutique adaptee au vocabulaire des patients et a leur meconnaissance du sujet. Resultat notre questionnaire qualitatif a permis de mettre en evidence la variabilite de perception qu'ont les patients sur les lombalgies. Il existe beaucoup d'idees recues erronees, entravant une bonne therapeutique avec un vocabulaire tres varie mais souvent inexact. Le questionnaire quantitatif a ete realise aupres de 80 patients par entretiens individuels semi diriges. La moyenne d'age des participants etait de 46,5 ans et un sex ratio de1,10. Huit questions sur 12 comportaient des reponses erronees, justifiant une explication dans notre fiche d'education therapeutique. La pratique d'une activite physique permettait au patient de mieux repondre aux questions portant sur les lombalgies. Discussion en terme de lombalgie, chacun a son vecu, son experience et la qualifie selon ses mots, son education,son histoire. Le role du medecin traitant est preponderant car, grace aux consultations successives, il connait le vocabulaire de son patient et peut s'adapter au mieux a son discours, a sa comprehension, donnant ainsi l'espoir d'un progres therapeutique. La pratique reguliere d'un sport pousse a posseder une hygiene de vie quotidienne qui aide a mieux connaitre son corps, a l'apprivoiser afin d'ameliorer ses performances et d'etre ainsi partie prenante dans le traitement de la lombalgie. Conclusion le traitement symptomatique est souvent insuffisant pour eviter le passage a la chronicite de la lombalgie. La guerison passe par l'education, la comprehension de la pathologie et ce, grace a la pedagogique dispensee par le corps medical.
Wakanki Ewastepikte: An Advance Directive Education Project With American Indian Elders
Year: 2017

Many American Indian tribes' traditional philosophy of death is one of realism; death is a part of the cycle of life. Yet, health care professionals harbor misperceptions regarding beliefs about death and dying in American Indian tribes, fearing that it is inappropriate to broach the subject. These fears hamper end of life discussions, which are crucial for advance care planning and completion of advance directives. This community based participatory project was conducted on an American Indian reservation in the Northern Plains, where American Indian elders and a nurse researcher developed and implemented a culturally specific advance directive program. At program completion, the 2 elders visited 11 different communities, conducted 270 face to face educational sessions, and traveled more than 1000 miles across the reservation. Of those attending the educational sessions, nearly 93% had never heard of a living will, with roughly 7% indicating some knowledge of living wills; 1 person reported having a living will. This community based, American Indian, elder led project demonstrates that this population is concerned about its care at end of life and wishes to receive more information. Improving American Indian awareness regarding palliative/end of life care options and the need for advance directives can help to ensure that their end of life wishes will be honored.
False Positive Rates for Nerve Conduction Studies and Ultrasound in Patients Without Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Venue: The Journal of hand surgery
Year: 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of false positives for nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and ultrasound (US) in a population without signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) using a CTS 6 score of 0 as the reference standard.  Patients were included in this study if they were referred for NCSs for a reason other than CTS (cubital tunnel syndrome and/or cervical radiculopathy) and they had a CTS 6 score of 0. An US measurement of the cross sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel inlet was performed by a certified ultrasound technician. An a priori CSA cutoff of 10 mm2 or greater measured using US at the carpal tunnel inlet qualified as a positive diagnosis. The NCSs were performed and interpreted according to national standards by a certified electrodiagnostician. All patients in this study were considered to not have a diagnosis of CTS based on the CTS 6 of 0.  Forty hands with a CTS 6 of 0 were included in this study. The US was positive in 9 of 40(23% and NCS was positive in 17 of 40 (43% There were only 2 patients with a false positive US that did not also have a positive NCS. However, there were 11 patients who had a false positive NCS that did not have a positive US.  This prospective cohort series has demonstrated that US has a lower false positive rate than NCSs in asymptomatic patients as measured by the CTS 6 diagnostic tool. Studies with a low false positive rate are preferred when ordering a confirmatory diagnostic test. Therefore, if a confirmatory diagnostic test is desired, we recommend that US be used rather than NCSs.
Analysis of adaptive walks on NK fitness landscapes with different interaction schemes
Year: 2015

Fitness landscapes are genotype to fitness mappings commonly used in evolutionary biology and computer science which are closely related to spin glass models. In this paper, we study the NK model for fitness landscapes where the interaction scheme between genes can be explicitly defined. The focus is on how this scheme influences the overall shape of the landscape. Our main tool for the analysis are adaptive walks, an idealized dynamics by which the population moves uphill in fitness and terminates at a local fitness maximum. We use three different types of walks and investigate how their length (the number of steps required to reach a local peak) and height (the fitness at the endpoint of the walk) depend on the dimensionality and structure of the landscape. We find that the distribution of local maxima over the landscape is particularly sensitive to the choice of interaction pattern. Most quantities that we measure are simply correlated to the rank of the scheme, which is equal to the number of nonzero coefficients in the expansion of the fitness landscape in terms of Walsh functions.
A Geometric Algebra Co Processor for Color Edge Detection
Year: 2015

This paper describes advancement in color edge detection, using a dedicated Geometric Algebra (GA) co processor implemented on an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) GA provides a rich set of geometric operations, giving the advantage that many signal and image processing operations become straightforward and the algorithms intuitive to design. The use of GA allows images to be represented with the three R, G, B color channels defined as a single entity, rather than separate quantities. A novel custom ASIC is proposed and fabricated that directly targets GA operations and results in significant performance improvement for color edge detection. Use of the hardware described in this paper also shows that the convolution operation with the rotor masks within GA belongs to a class of linear vector filters and can be applied to image or speech signals. The contribution of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by implementing three different types of edge detection schemes on the proposed hardware. The overall performance gains using the proposed GA Co Processor over existing software approaches are more than 3.2x faster than GAIGEN and more than 2800x faster than GABLE. The performance of the fabricated GA co processor is approximately an order of magnitude faster than previously published results for hardware implementations.
Thermoregulation of two sympatric species of horned lizards in the Chihuahuan Desert and their local extinction risk.
Venue: Journal of thermal biology
Year: 2015

Thermoregulatory studies of ectothermic organisms are an important tool for ecological physiology, evolutionary ecology and behavior, and recently have become central for evaluating and predicting global climate change impacts. Here, we present a novel combination of field, laboratory, and modeling approaches to examine body temperature regulation, habitat thermal quality, and hours of thermal restriction on the activity of two sympatric, aridlands horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum and Phrynosoma modestum) at three contrasting Chihuahuan Desert sites in Mexico. Using these physiological data, we estimate local extinction risk under predicted climate change within their current geographical distribution. We followed the Hertz et al. (1993,  protocol for evaluating thermoregulation and the Sinervo et al. (2010, Science, 328, 894 899) eco physiological model of extinction under climatic warming. Thermoregulatory indices suggest that both species thermoregulate effectively despite living in habitats of low thermal quality, although high environmental temperatures restrict the activity period of both species. Based on our measurements, if air temperature rises as predicted by climate models, the extinction model projects that P. cornutum will become locally extinct at 6% of sites by 2050 and 18% by 2080 and P. modestum will become extinct at 32% of sites by 2050 and 60% by 2080. The method we apply, using widely available or readily acquired thermal data, along with the modeling, appeared to identify several unique ecological traits that seemingly exacerbate climate sensitivity of P. modestum.
A sublimed experience of the rhetoric of Plato's Republic
Year: 2016

This article argues that Plato's Republic promotes a public memory characterized by a sublimed experience of reason. The standard understanding of the meaning and value of the Republic is a product of processes of sublimation rather than a necessary conclusion drawn from the text's propositional content. Key moments of the text illustrate this pattern of sublimation. The particular strand of arguments from the Republic addressed in this article invite readers to justify the use of deception, to forget the ethical implications of achieving and maintaining justice through deceit, and to identify with the ruling and deceiving class. Critical attention to this line of arguments offers an understanding of the symbiotic, rather than antagonistic, relationship between philosophy and rhetoric while allowing us to recognize the danger inherent in our willingness to rationalize the unethical foundation of the kallipolis.
A Wearable Brain Computer Interface Instrument for Augmented Reality Based Inspection in Industry 4.0
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Year: 2020

This paper proposes a wearable monitoring system for inspection in the framework of Industry 4.0. The instrument integrates augmented reality (AR) glasses with a noninvasive single channel brain computer interface (BCI) which replaces the classical input interface of AR platforms. Steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) are measured by a single channel electroencephalography (EEG) and simple power spectral density analysis. The visual stimuli for SSVEP elicitation are provided by AR glasses while displaying the inspection information. The real time metrological performance of the BCI is assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve on the experimental data from 20 subjects. The characterization was carried out by considering stimulation times from 10.0 down to 2.0 s. The thresholds for the classification were found to be dependent on the subject and the obtained average accuracy goes from 98.9% at 10.0 s to 81.1% at 2.0 s. An inspection case study of the integrated AR BCI device shows encouraging accuracy of about 80% of lab values.
Dual Refinement: Joint Label and Feature Refinement for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Re Identification
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2021

Unsupervised domain adaptive (UDA) person re identification (re ID) is a challenging task due to the missing of labels for the target domain data. To handle this problem, some recent works adopt clustering algorithms to off line generate pseudo labels, which can then be used as the supervision signal for on line feature learning in the target domain. However, the off line generated labels often contain lots of noise that significantly hinders the discriminability of the on line learned features, and thus limits the final UDA re ID performance. To this end, we propose a novel approach, called Dual Refinement, that jointly refines pseudo labels at the off line clustering phase and features at the on line training phase, to alternatively boost the label purity and feature discriminability in the target domain for more reliable re ID. Specifically, at the off line phase, a new hierarchical clustering scheme is proposed, which selects representative prototypes for every coarse cluster. Thus, labels can be effectively refined by using the inherent hierarchical information of person images. Besides, at the on line phase, we propose an instant memory spread out (IM spread out) regularization, that takes advantage of the proposed instant memory bank to store sample features of the entire dataset and enable spread out feature learning over the entire training data instantly. Our Dual Refinement method reduces the influence of noisy labels and refines the learned features within the alternative training process. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state of the art methods by a large margin.
'We live in the past with Kari' memory, fandom and online porn histories
Venue: Celebrity Studies
Year: 2019

In this article, I consider the role that private memories play in researching historical media objects. I argue for the inclusion of embodied and personal investments in scholarly research. I back this claim by outlining my methods in studying mainstream online heteroporn. Contemporary film theories of the senses can be employed in researching media objects, particularly for older media such as 'vintage' online porn. I articulate the history of a retired porn star, Kari Sweets, through FreeOnes.com forum users' memories of her. By doing so, this article helps us to better understand the functions and uses of online heteroporn and its unofficial history as told through its most knowledgeable proponents: the fans.