nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of 16" Plug Valve Body Using FEA And Experimental Stress Analysis Method
Year: 2012

In the field of competition, all companies should supply their goods and services with high quality, in shortest period with lower prices than its competitors in order to keep their capacity and power to compete .Plug valves are machine elements which are commonly used for regulation of fluid, semi liquid and granular medium flow on variety of tanks and pipeline systems. This paper discusses FEA analysis of P lug valve body followed by Experimental stress analysis using strain gauge method for weight optimization. New optimized models were prepared on the basis of validation of the results obtained from stress analys is procedure. The weight reduction is done by changing the wall and rib thickness. The results clearly shows the maximum weight reduction is 24.86 kg (5.26% weight of original weight while keeping maximum stress level up to 168.6 N/mm 2 which is safe for the applied load.
The Bernstein polynomial basis: A centennial retrospective
Venue: Comput. Aided Geom. Des.
Year: 2012

One hundred years after the introduction of the Bernstein polynomial basis, we survey the historical development and current state of theory, algorithms, and applications associated with this remarkable method of representing polynomials over finite domains. Originally introduced by Sergei Natanovich Bernstein to facilitate a constructive proof of the Weierstrass approximation theorem, the leisurely convergence rate of Bernstein polynomial approximations to continuous functions caused them to languish in obscurity, pending the advent of digital computers. With the desire to exploit the power of computers for geometric design applications, however, the Bernstein form began to enjoy widespread use as a versatile means of intuitively constructing and manipulating geometric shapes, spurring further development of basic theory, simple and efficient recursive algorithms, recognition of its excellent numerical stability properties, and an increasing diversification of its repertoire of applications. This survey provides a brief historical perspective on the evolution of the Bernstein polynomial basis, and a synopsis of the current state of associated algorithms and applications.
Electromagnetics in Terms of Differential Forms
Year: 2019

The calculus of differential forms has been applied to electromagnetic field theory in several papers and texts, some of which are cited in the references. Differential forms are underused in applied electromagnetic research. Differential forms represent unique visual appliance with graphical apprehension of electromagnetic fields. We study the calculus of differential forms and other fundamental principle of electromagnetic field theory. We hope to show in this paper that differential forms make Maxwell's laws and some of their basic applications more intuitive and are a natural and powerful research tool in applied electromagnetics.
Mixup Inference: Better Exploiting Mixup to Defend Adversarial Attacks
Venue: ICLR
Year: 2020

It has been widely recognized that adversarial examples can be easily crafted to fool deep networks, which mainly root from the locally non linear behavior nearby input examples. Applying mixup in training provides an effective mechanism to improve generalization performance and model robustness against adversarial perturbations, which introduces the globally linear behavior in between training examples. However, in previous work, the mixup trained models only passively defend adversarial attacks in inference by directly classifying the inputs, where the induced global linearity is not well exploited. Namely, since the locality of the adversarial perturbations, it would be more efficient to actively break the locality via the globality of the model predictions. Inspired by simple geometric intuition, we develop an inference principle, named mixup inference (MI) for mixup trained models. MI mixups the input with other random clean samples, which can shrink and transfer the equivalent perturbation if the input is adversarial. Our experiments on CIFAR 10 and CIFAR 100 demonstrate that MI can further improve the adversarial robustness for the models trained by mixup and its variants.
Diminishing Batch Normalization
Year: 2018

In this paper, we propose a generalization of the Batch Normalization (BN) algorithm, diminishing batch normalization (DBN) where we update the BN parameters in a diminishing moving average way. BN is very effective in accelerating the convergence of a neural network training phase that it has become a common practice. Our proposed DBN algorithm remains the overall structure of the original BN algorithm while introduces a weighted averaging update to some trainable parameters. We provide an analysis of the convergence of the DBN algorithm that converges to a stationary point with respect to trainable parameters. Our analysis can be easily generalized for original BN algorithm by setting some parameters to constant. To the best knowledge of authors, this analysis is the first of its kind for convergence with Batch Normalization introduced. We analyze a two layer model with arbitrary activation function. The primary challenge of the analysis is the fact that some parameters are updated by gradient while others are not. The convergence analysis applies to any activation function that satisfies our common assumptions. In the numerical experiments, we test the proposed algorithm on complex modern CNN models with stochastic gradients and ReLU activation. We observe that DBN outperforms the original BN algorithm on MNIST, NI and CIFAR 10 datasets with reasonable complex FNN and CNN models.
Exploring electronic loyalty antecedents in Egyptian commercial banks; Electronic customer relationship management and banking electronic satisfaction
Year: 2020

Identifying factors that influence customer's e loyalty is paramount for commercial banks to develop successful marketing strategies to form a broad base of customers that practice online transaction. So, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E CRM) dimensions (customization strategy, electronic communication channels) on Electronic loyalty of customers through electronic banking satisfaction as a mediator Variable in Egyptian commercial banks. A quantitative approach was followed using questionnaire, the sample consisted of 370 customers practicing online transaction. Data were collected from a convenience sample; a questionnaire was pretested using confirmatory factor analysis to assess the measurement model. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relation between latent variables. The study concluded: that the changing customer dynamic in Egyptian commercial banks is being driven by the move away from physical bank branches a phenomenon drive by the need to reduce costs, a significant correlation between the of E CRM and intention to repeat electronic transactions and providing positive words of mouth, thus achieving electronic loyalty, and the electronic banking satisfaction is not a mediator in influencing the relationship between E CRM dimensions and providing positive Words of mouth and intention to Repeat electronic transactions. So, managers will likely increase Eloyalty of customers by improving contact with customers and balancing their needs and Services customization to them, predisposing positively customer's attitudes towards the banks.  Hadeer Helal M. Rashwan Email addresses for the corresponding author: hadeerhelal2020@gmail.com First submission received: 8th April 2020 Revised submission received: 20th April 2020  23rd April 2020
Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Annular Microstrip Patch Antenna using Pin Diode
Venue: 2018 Recent Advances on Engineering, Technology and Computational Sciences (RAETCS)
Year: 2018

In the present work annular microstrip patch antenna has been reconfigured using annular rectangular patch and its simulation has been done on substrate FR4 (Dielectric Constant 4.4) The antenna is slotted with pin in the ground layer. This paper presents the design structure of Annular Microstrip Patch Antenna and simulation in range from S band to Ku band. In the present work, return loss, VSWR, gain and directivity of designed antenna has been computed. The proposed antenna is more compact to the other kind of antenna and finds utility for multiband satellite communication.
The Complex Conformational Dynamics of Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1: A Single Molecule Perspective
Venue: Front. Mol. Neurosci.
Year: 2018

The human neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS 1) is a multispecific two domain EF hand protein expressed predominantly in neurons and is a member of the NCS protein family. Structure function relationships of NCS 1 have been extensively studied showing that conformational dynamics linked to diverse ion binding is important to its function. NCS 1 transduces Ca2+ changes in neurons and is linked to a wide range of neuronal functions such as regulation of neurotransmitter release, voltage gated Ca2+ channels and neuronal outgrowth. Defective NCS 1 can be deleterious to cells and has been linked to serious neuronal disorders like autism. Here, we review recent studies describing at the single molecule level the structural and mechanistic details of the folding and misfolding processes of the non myristoylated NCS 1. By manipulating one molecule at a time with optical tweezers, the conformational equilibria of the Ca2+ bound, Mg2+ bound and apo states of NCS 1 were investigated revealing a complex folding mechanism underlain by a rugged and multidimensional energy landscape. The molecular rearrangements that NCS 1 undergoes to transit from one conformation to another and the energetics of these reactions are tightly regulated by the binding of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+ to its EF hands. At pathologically high Ca2+ concentrations the protein sometimes follows non productive misfolding pathways leading to kinetically trapped and potentially harmful misfolded conformations. We discuss the significance of these misfolding events as well as the role of inter domain interactions in shaping the energy landscape and ultimately the biological function of NCS 1. The conformational equilibria of NCS 1 are also compared to those of calmodulin (CaM) and differences and similarities in the behavior of these proteins are rationalized in terms of structural properties.
Pleurothallis chicalensis, a new species in subsection Macrophyllae Fasciculatae (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from northwestern Ecuador
Year: 2018

A new species of Pleurothallis in subsection Macrophyllae Fasciculatae from Ecuador is described, illustrated and its relationship with other species is discussed. Pleurothallis chicalensis is compared with P. dewildei, from which is distinguished by the ovate leaves, the yellow flowers with broadly obovate synsepal and the transversely cordate lip with apiculate apex. resuMen. Una especie nueva de Pleurothallis de la subseccion Macrophyllae Fasciculatae de Ecuador es descrita, ilustrada y su afinidad con otras especies es discutida. Pleurothallis chicalensis se compara con P. dewildei, de la cual difiere por las hojas ovadas, las flores amarillas con el sinsepalo ampliamente obovado y el labelo transversalmente cordado con el apice apiculado.  Andes, Carchi, Pleurothallis bovilingua, Pleurothallis dewildei, taxonomy Received 22 January 2018; accepted for publication 31 May 2018. First published online: 20 July 2018. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivs 3.0 Costa Rica License doi: https:/doi.org/10.15517/lank.v18i2.34050 Introduction. In the genus Pleurothallis R.Br. sensu Pridgeon et al. (2005) there are between 478 and 625 species (Wilson unpubl. data) depending on synonymy, making it the third largest genus in Pleurothallidinae, after Lepanthes Sw. and Stelis Sw. The genus is distributed from Central America and the Caribbean Islands to South America, where most of the species are epiphytes in cloud forests of the Andes (Doucette et al. 2016) Section Macrophyllae Fasciculatae Lindl. was created as part of Pleurothallis infrageneric classification by Lindley (1859) which was later considered by Luer (1986) in his initial systematics of genus Pleurothallis and subsequently demoted to a subsection of the same name (Luer 1988) However, in 2005 he resurrected the genus Acronia C.Presl, grouping the subsections Acroniae (C.Presl) Luer and Macrophyllae Fasciculatae (Lindl. Luer (Luer 2005) Recently, phylogenetic relationships of Pleurothallis have been evaluated from DNA sequence analysis (Pridgeon et al. 2001, Wilson et al. 2011, 2013, unpubl. data) The studies revealed the close relationship of subsection MacrophyllaeFasciculatae with the type species Pleurothallis ruscifolia ( R.Br. that supports the inclusion of this group within Pleurothallis versus Acronia (Wilson et al. 2016) Luer (2005) in revision of subsection Macrophyllae Fasciculatae indicated that members of the group are distinguished by their sessile leaves with a cordate base, single flowers with lateral sepals connate into a synsepal, and a bilobed stigma.
Combining Multiple Knowledge Sources for Dialogue Segmentation in Multimedia Archives
Venue: ACL
Year: 2007

Automatic segmentation is important for making multimedia archives comprehensible, and for developing downstream information retrieval and extraction modules. In this study, we explore approaches that can segment multiparty conversational speech by integrating various knowledge sources (e.g. words, audio and video recordings, speaker intention and context) In particular, we evaluate the performance of a Maximum Entropy approach, and examine the effectiveness of multimodal features on the task of dialogue segmentation. We also provide a quantitative account of the effect of using ASR transcription as opposed to human transcripts.
Behavioral Health Resource Utilization of Emergency Department Patients Presenting from Mass Gathering Events
Venue: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
Year: 2019

Behavioral health needs of attendees at mass gathering events who require emergency department (ED) evaluation are poorly understood. Appropriate resource allocation of mental health staff and other behavioral interventions necessary to support this patient population are also unclear.  To describe behavioral characteristics and psychiatric resource utilization of patients presenting to a tertiary academic medical center emergency department from mass gathering events.  Single center retrospective study evaluating attendees at mass gathering events who presented to a Chicago ED. Electronic medical records for patients presenting between October 13, 2013, and December 31, 2015, were reviewed and descriptive analyses performed.  209 distinct records were reviewed. Most patients presented from large outdoor concerts (n 186, 89% Forty two (20.1% reported a mental health complaint at presentation, including concerns related to pre existing psychiatric disturbances or onset of new symptoms. Twenty seven of the total cohort (12.9% endorsed a prior psychiatric history. Thirty five (16.7% reported use of prescribed psychotropic medications, including antidepressants, stimulants, mood stabilizers, and others. Diagnostic testing among the total sample included serum ethanol measurement (31.1% urinary toxicology (25.4% acetaminophen (6.2% aspirin (5.3% and creatine kinase measurements (11% Computed brain tomography was ordered for 20 patients (9.6% Twelve patients (5.7% received an anxiolytic (lorazepam) and 113 (54.1% received intravenous fluids. An antipsychotic (olanzapine) was administered to one patient (0.5% There were no reports of suicidal ideation, but physical restraints for agitation were employed in 13 patients (6.2% Police consultation occurred in 10 cases (4.8% No formal psychiatric consultations were requested by ED providers.  Patients presenting to the emergency department from mass gathering events frequently endorse behavioral complaints requiring directed use of diagnostic and other emergency department resources for their ailments. The need for physical restraints and limited use of anxiolytics and antipsychotics in our sample suggest that psychiatric consultation is underutilized.
Single and Multiple Copy Move Forgery Detection and Localization in Digital Images Based on the Sparsely Encoded Distinctive Features and DBSCAN Clustering
Year: 2019

Due to the advancements in digital image processing and multimedia devices, the digital image can be easily tampered and presented as evidence in judicial courts, print media, social media, and for insurance claims. The most commonly used image tampering technique is the copy move forgery (CMF) technique, where the region from the original image is copied and pasted in some other part of the same image to manipulate the original image content. The CMFD techniques may not provide robust performance after various post processing attacks and multiple forged regions within the images. This article introduces a robust CMF detection technique to mitigate the aforementioned problems. The proposed CMF detection technique utilizes a fusion of speeded up robust features (SURF) and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK) descriptors for CMF detection. The SURF features are robust against different post processing attacks such as rotation, blurring, and additive noise. However, the BRISK features are considered as robust in the detection of the scale invariant forged regions as well as poorly localized keypoints of the objects within the forged image. The fused features are matched using hamming distance and second nearest neighbor. The matched features grouped into clusters by applying density based spatial clustering of applications with noise clustering algorithm. The random sample consensus technique is applied to the clusters to remove the remaining false matches. After some post processing, the forged regions are detected and localized. The performance of the proposed CMFD technique is assessed using three standard datasets (i.e. CoMoFoD, MICC F220, and MICC F2000) The proposed technique surpasses the state of the art techniques used for CMF detection in terms of true and false detection rates.
RANet: Ranking Attention Network for Fast Video Object Segmentation
Venue: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
Year: 2019

Despite online learning (OL) techniques have boosted the performance of semi supervised video object segmentation (VOS) methods, the huge time costs of OL greatly restricts their practicality. Matching based and propagation based methods run at a faster speed by avoiding OL techniques. However, they are limited by sub optimal accuracy, due to mismatching and drifting problems. In this paper, we develop a real time yet very accurate Ranking Attention Network (RANet) for VOS. Specifically, to integrate the insights of matching based and propagation based methods, we employ an encoder decoder framework to learn pixel level similarity and segmentation in an end to end manner. To better utilize the similarity maps, we propose a novel ranking attention module, which automatically ranks and selects these maps for fine grained VOS performance. Experiments on DAVIS16 and DAVIS17 datasets show that our RANet achieves the best speed accuracy trade off, e.g. with 33 milliseconds per frame and J&F=85.5% on DAVIS16. With OL, our RANet reaches J&F=87.1% on DAVIS16, exceeding state of the art VOS methods. The code can be found at https:/github.com/Storife/RANet.
SCHUMPETER'S ASSESSMENT OF ADAM SMITH AND THE WEALTH OF NATIONS: WHY HE GOT IT WRONG
Venue: Journal of the History of Economic Thought
Year: 2019

In his widely read and cited History of Economic Analysis (Schumpeter 1954) Joseph Alois Schumpeter dismissed Adam Smith's Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Smith 1976a) in a blunt and often ad hominem manner. In fact, he even questioned Smith's intellectual mettle. We argue that Schumpeter's assessment might have resulted from his failure to appreciate the rhetorical structure of Smith's masterpiece (and the highly political character of its Book V) a failure possibly due to Schumpeter's not having access to student notes of Smith's lectures on rhetoric that surfaced only after Schumpeter's death. We argue that Schumpeter's failure to appreciate the rhetorical structure of Smith's masterpiece is a prominent example of the consequences of not taking into account Smith's rhetorical strategies and principles when trying to understand the man and his oeuvre.
An investigation of the motivations underpinning student and teacher topic choice in History qualifications
Year: 2016

History is one of the most popular subjects in compulsory and Further Education in the UK, ranking as the fifth most taken A level subject, and the sixth most taken AS level subject (Joint Council for Qualificatons, 2013) The study of History can serve several purposes including identity formation (Harris, 2013) the learning of national or democratic values (Barton Levstik, 2004) and preparation for university (Smith, 2013) Interestingly, there is no currently accepted body of knowledge that forms a prerequisite for the study of History at university (Hibbert, 2006) This lack of consensus has resulted in examination boards offering choice within the structure and content of their History qualifications. However, it has yet to be investigated how this curricular approach is utilised by different school and college types and their students. This paper presents statistical and questionnaire data related to Further Education qualifications in History to investigate two research questions: 1. What historical topics do students study in History qualifications? 2. What motivations underpin the selection of these topics? First, a statistical analysis was conducted of candidates' unit and topic choices for AS and A level History qualifications offered by a national exam board. The analysis was split by school type (state and independent) and school attainment (low, medium and high) Secondly, a questionnaire was developed that asked heads of History departments (N 89) about their schools' A level History unit and topic choices, and their motivations for making these selections. There was a preference for modern History topics, compared to medieval and early modern History topics, with 60% of schools sampled studying modern History exclusively, compared to 25% for medieval and early modern. The two most common motivating factors underlying teachers' choices of units and topics were found to be teacher expertise and perceived student engagement. Fisher's Exact analyses revealed that these motivations were deemed significantly more important by state school teachers, compared to independent school teachers, in guiding their topic selections (both p .05) There were also statistically significant differences between school types in terms of how their heads of department rated the importance of the curriculum support offered via resources. These findings are discussed with reference to the recent qualifications reform in the UK, which includes attempts to increase historical breadth studied within the school curriculum. Implications of the proposed reforms in relation to History students' transitions from school to university are also discussed.