nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive histological damage in liver allografts following pediatric liver transplantation
Venue: Hepatology
Year: 2006

The long term histological outcome after pediatric liver transplantation (OLT) is not yet fully understood. De novo autoimmune hepatitis, consisting of histological chronic hepatitis associated with autoantibody formation and allograft dysfunction, is increasingly recognized as an important complication of liver transplantation, particularly in the pediatric population. In this study, 158 asymptomatic children with 5 year graft survival underwent protocol liver biopsies (113, 135, and 64 at 1, 5, and 10 years after OLT, respectively) Histological changes were correlated with clinical, biochemical, and serological findings. All patients received cyclosporine A as primary immunosuppression with withdrawal of corticosteroids at 3 months post OLT. Normal or near normal histology was reported in 77 of 113 (68% 61 of 135 (45% and 20 of 64 (31% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The commonest histological abnormality was chronic hepatitis (CH) the incidence of which increased with time [25/113 (22% 58/135 (43% and 41/64 (64% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively) (P .0001) The incidence of fibrosis associated with CH increased with time [13/25 (52% 47/58 (81% and 37/41 (91% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively) (P .0001) The severity of fibrosis associated with CH also increased with time, such that by 10 years 15% had progressed to cirrhosis. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were slightly elevated in children with CH (median levels 52 IU/L, 63 IU/L, and 48 IU/L at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively) but this did not reach statistical significance compared with those with normal histology. On multivariate analysis, the only factor predictive of chronic hepatitis was autoantibody positivity (present in 13% and 10% of children with normal biopsies at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and 72% and 80% of those with CH at 5 and 10 years, respectively) (P .0001) Four children with CH and autoantibodies, who also had raised immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and AST greater than 1.5x normal fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for de novo autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) Another two were found to be hepatitis C positive. No definite cause for CH could be identified in the other cases. In conclusion, chronic hepatitis is a common finding in children after liver transplantation and is associated with a high risk of developing progressive fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis. Standard liver biochemical tests cannot be relied on either in the diagnosis or in the monitoring of progress of chronic allograft hepatitis. In contrast, the presence of autoantibodies is strongly associated with the presence of CH. The cause of chronic hepatitis in transplanted allografts is uncertain but may be immune mediated, representing a hepatitic form of chronic rejection.
[Current status regarding the cardiovascular disease related risk levels among the hypertensive population of different ethnicities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China]
Venue: Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
Year: 2016

To assess the status of the cardiovascular disease associated risk levels among hypertensive population of Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonornous Region, to guide hypertension prevention and treatment in different ethnicities.  Four stages random cluster sampling method was used, and all the data was collected from Xinjiang local residents aged over 18 between October 2007 and March 2010.  A total of 14 618 subjects completed this survey, in which 2 654 Han, 1 612 Uygur and 2034 Kazakh people diagnosed with hypertension was included in this research. Most of them were"grade 1 hypertension" and the percentage of grade 3 hypertension was Han (19.1% Uygur (17.3% and Kazakh (32.3% respectively. Majority hypertensive people accompanied with 1 risk factor. The risk proportions of low, medium, high and very high in hypertension population of different ethnicities were Han (19.4% 34.6% 46.1% Uygur (17.7% 37.6% 44.7% Kazakh (12.5% 38.0% 49.4% respectively. In Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, the percentage of high risk and very high risk was highest in hypertensive men aged over 60 years old.The percentages of hypertension awareness were 42.0% 45.6% 46.5% and percentages of medicine therapy were 29.6% 23.4% 25.2% for Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, respectively.  Hypertensive people among Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities in Xinjiang are mainly under high risk and very high risk situation of cardiovascular disease, especially in men aged =60. The percentage of hypertension awareness and medicine therapy in high risk and very high risk population is the highest, while percentage of awareness in medium risk population is low.
Potato Production, Usage, and Nutrition A Review
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Year: 2016

Potato is an economically important staple crop prevailing all across the world with successful large scale production, consumption, and affordability with easy availability in the open market. Potatoes provide basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, dietary fiber (skin) several vitamins, and minerals (e.g. potassium, magnesium, iron) On occasion exposures to raw and cooked potatoes impart allergic reactions. Dietary intake of potatoes, especially colored potatoes, play an important role in the production of antioxidant defense system by providing essential nutrient antioxidants, such as vitamins, b carotene, polyphenols, and minerals. This may help lower the incidence of wide range of chronic and acute disease processes (like hypertension, heart diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative, and other diseases) However, retention of nutrients in potatoes is affected by various cooking and processing methods. Cooking at elevated temperature also produces acrylamide a suspected carcinogen. Independent and/or collaborative studies have been conducted and reported on the various pathways leading to the formation of acrylamide in heat processed foods. This article reviews the latest research on potato production, consumption, nature of phytochemicals and their health benefits, and allergic reactions to children. Also included is the discovery of acrylamide in processed starch rich foods including potatoes, mechanism of formation, detection methodologies, and mitigation steps to reduce acrylamide content in food.
An Innovative Smartphone Based Rhinoendoscope
Year: 2014

Traditional rhinoendoscope is widely used in the diagnosis of a variety of nose diseases, but they can only be used by one doctor at a time. With the advances of electronic health technology, the extended potential application of smartphones to support medical practice is evolving. The first phase of the study discussed how smartphones can be used for rhinoscopic photography and image management via an innovative adaptor. The second phase of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic capability of the smartphone based rhinoendcoscope compared with traditional video rhinoendoscope and its application in tele otolaryngology.  We designed a unique adaptor to connect the rhinoendoscope and smartphone. The main idea is to transform the smartphone into a rhinoendoscope. The device uses the smartphone's camera to capture rhinoscopic images. With an available free web real time communication application platform and 3G (or WiFi) network, the smartphone based rhinoendoscope could also synchronize your smartphone based rhinoscopic image to other mobile devices.  Ten clinical rhinoscopic images acquired via the smartphone based rhinoendoscope were tested in this study. Four teleconsultants reviewed the 10 clinical rhinoscopic images and made a telediagnosis. Compared with the face to face diagnosis, for which the diagnosis was made in person via traditional video rhinoendoscope, 4 teleconsultants obtained scores of correct primary telediagnosis of 90% 90% 100% and 100% respectively.  The use of already available technologies, without any additional expensive devices, could significantly increase quality diagnostics while lowering extra costs. It also increases connectivity between most isolated family doctors and remote referral centers.
Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide deficient mice
Venue: Experimental physiology
Year: 2020

What is the central question of this study? Can chronic treatment of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) deficient mice with the melanocortin agonist melanotan II during cold acclimation rescue the impaired thermogenic capacity previously observed in PACAP deficient mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Using a genetic model of PACAP deficiency, this study provides evidence that PACAP acts upstream of the melanocortin system in regulating sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue in mice.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ZAT GIZI PADA TEPUNG UBI UNGU
Year: 2019

Ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas var Ayumurasaki) memiliki kulit dan daging umbi yang berwarna ungu kehitaman. Ubi jalar ungu mengandung pigmen antosianin yang lebih tinggi daripada ubi jalar jenis lain. Kandungan antosianin yang tinggi, menyebabkan ubi tersebut berwarna ungu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dari tepung ubi ungu melalui teknik pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven dan secara alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung ubi ungu mengandung zat gizi yang tinggi dan sangat baik untuk dijadikan sebaga pengganti tepung terigu yang terbuat dari gandum Kata Kunci: Ubi Ungu, Teknik Pengeringan, Tepung, Zat Gizi
Movements and occurrence in two closely related fritillary species
Year: 2020

Mobility may affect species' distribution patterns in heterogeneous landscapes, and it might impact fitness by influencing mating success, predation avoidance, and foraging success. Here, we studied causes and consequences of mobility patterns in butterflies: Argynnis adippe, a specialist constrained to warm microhabitats within woodland landscapes, and A. aglaja, a relative generalist that also inhabits grasslands, and tolerates lower temperatures. We explored associations of movement and occurrence patterns, population size and density, niche breadth, wing size, and different types of behaviour prior to capture by conducting a mark release recapture study on the Swedish island Oland. We marked 1 935 A. aglaja and 123 A. adippe and achieved recapture rates of 9.5% (A. aglaja) and 8.9% (A. adippe) Estimated population densities were 5 066 and 814 individuals per km2, for A. aglaja and A. adippe, respectively. Argynnis aglaja was less likely to perform long distance flights according to estimated dispersal kernels, hinting at negative density dependent dispersal in these species. Although we detected the longest flight distances ever in these species in MRR studies (11.9 km for A. aglaja and 3.7 km for A. adippe) most butterflies were recaptured within 200 meters (60 80% Low recapture rates along with low estimated residence times and the potential for long movement might indicate that many individuals left the study area, and that the species form open populations, stretching over large areas. Despite significant differences in wing size and behaviour types, mean observed flight distances were similar in these species.
Fournier's gangrene. A clinical review.
Venue: Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica
Year: 2016

's gangrene is a rare, necrotising fasciitis of the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions. The disease has a higher incidence in males and risk factors for development include diabetes, HIV, alcoholism and other immune compromised states. The aggressive disease process is associated with a high mortality rate of 20 30% In addition, the increasing age and prevalence of diabetes in the population, begs the need for increased clinical awareness of Fournier's gangrene with emphasis on early diagnosis and management. This review aims to highlight the relevant research surrounding Fournier's gangrene, in particular the various prognostic indicators and management strategies.  A search was conducted on the MEDLINE database for all applicable research; clinical reviews, retrospective studies and case reports. In addition to which a search of the European Association of Urology, the British Association for Urological Surgeons and the British Medical Journal was conducted for the most recent recommendations.  Immediate broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and urgent surgical debridement are the core managerial principles of Fournier's gangrene. The use of adjunctive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen and vacuum assisted closure are supported in some aspects of the literature and disputed in others. The lack of randomized controlled studies limits the use of these potential additional therapies to patients unresponsive to conventional management. The value of unprocessed honey as a topical antimicrobial agent has been highlighted in the literature for small lesions in uncomplicated patients.  Fournier's gangrene is a urological emergency with a high mortality rate despite advances in the medical and surgical fields. The aggressive nature of the infection advocates the need for early recognition allowing immediate surgical intervention. The opposing results of available research as well as the lack of high quality evidence surrounding emergent therapies prevents their routine use in the management of Fournier's gangrene. The absence of a specific care pathway may hinder efficient management of Fournier's gangrene, thus based on current guidelines a management pathway is suggested.
Competing Strategies Evaluation on Consumer Visit Reduction: A Case Study on a Culinary Business Operation
Year: 2019

This research evaluates the competing strategy of a culinary business in dealing with the ever changing business dynamics. The analysis is conducted qualitatively using Porter's industrial structural analysis based on the five competitive powers, namely threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among existing competitors. The research was conducted at Tenpura Hana restaurant, which is currently experiencing a reduction in consumer visit, and other respondents, namely four competing restaurants nearby and three other restaurants that are potentially able to offer replacement products. Data of new entrants' threat, replacement product threat, and rivalry among existing competitors are obtained by means of survey and data collection using questionnaires for Tenpura Hana Restaurant, four competing restaurants nearby and three other restaurants that are potentially able to offer replacement products. Data on buyers' bargaining power and suppliers' bargaining power are obtained from records at Tenpura Hana Restaurant. The analysis results show that Tenpura Hana restaurant uses the generic competing strategy of differentiation against pressures which cause a decline in customer visits. With this research, culinary business practitioners are expected to be able to evaluate their business competing strategies.
Estado del uso de las TIC en las medianas empresas del area comercial de Quito
Year: 2018

espanolINTRODUCCION. La aplicacion de la tecnologia en la gestion empresarial se ha convertido en un factor determinante para que las empresas sean eficaces, eficientes, innovadoras y competitivas.  Este estudio evidencia el uso de las Tecnologias de Informacion y Comunicacion (TIC) en las medianas empresas (Mes) del area comercial de Quito y que pertenecen al clasificador G segun la Clasificacion Internacional Industrial Uniforme (CIIU) METODO. La investigacion tiene un diseno no experimental, transversal y con alcance descriptivo. Se realizo una encuesta a 60 empresas de una poblacion de 722 registradas hasta el ano 2016. Para analizar el estado del uso de las TIC, se ha tomado como referencia los indicadores propuestos por la Comision Economica para America Latina y el Caribe a traves del Observatorio para la Sociedad de la Informacion en Latinoamerica y Caribe (OSILAC) RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran que todas las medianas empresas tienen acceso al Internet, 90% tiene presencia en la web y 59% utilizan las TIC en sus procesos productivos. DISCUSION Y CONCLUSIONES. Las MEs estan incursionando en forma decidida en el uso de las TIC para fortalecer sus actividades empresariales. Ademas, estas empresas estan ampliando la cobertura local de sus negocios y su presencia en la web les permitira aplicar alternativas nuevas de interaccion global con clientes y proveedores.  The application of technology in business management has become a determining factor for businesses to be effective, efficient, innovative and competitive.  This study demonstrates the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in medium sized enterprises (MEs) in the commercial sector of Quito that belong to the classifier G according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) METHOD. Research is a non experimental, transversal and descriptive scope design. A survey of 60 Enterprises registered a population of 722 in 2016. To analyze the state of the use of ICT, the indicators proposed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean through the Observatory for the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean (OISLAC) have been taken as reference.  The results show that all medium sized companies have access to the Internet, 90% have a presence on the web and 59% use ICT in their production processes.  The MEs are making bold inroads into the use of ICTs to strengthen their business activities. In addition, these companies are expanding the local coverage of their businesses and their presence on the web will allow them to apply new alternatives of global interaction with customers and suppliers.
From Liverpool to Mount Vernon Edward Rushton in transatlantic perspective
Year: 2016

Among historians of British anti slavery Edward Rushton is probably best known for his West Indian Eclogues, which established his reputation as a hard line anti slavery activist. Perhaps less well known is his second abolitionist publication, his Expostulatory Letter to George Washington, of Mount Vernon, in Virginia, on his continuance to be a proprietor of slaves, published in Liverpool in 1797. Both works were startlingly original. In West Indian Eclogues, Rushton had flirted with the idea of slave insurrection as a justifiable (even laudable) response to black enslavement, presenting his readers with assertions of black fury and black on white violence that were startlingly at odds with the non confrontational tone of most eighteenth century anti slavery rhetoric. Rushton's letter to George Washington was equally blunt and uncompromising, challenging the former President of the United States to free his slaves, presumably with immediate effect, thereby making good what he (Rushton) saw as America's commitment to the ideas of freedom and equality. By any standard it was a bold, even foolhardy, intervention into public debates about slavery that tells us not only a great deal about Rushton but also about the transatlantic roots and complexion of British anti slavery during the 'Age of Revolution'
The Effect of Motivation Reward Fit on Commitment and Knowledge Sharing Activities in Communities of Practice
Year: 2010

As the business competition between firms is getting intense, one of the sources of competitive advantage is effectively and efficiently to create, share, and apply information/knowledge among employees. Most of the firms which conduct knowledge management are operating a Community of Practice(CoP) in order to create, share and utilize this kind of information/knowledge resource. Recently, the CoP is getting out of its informal and spontaneous manner and is beginning to be led by the top management, receiving official support, in order to achieve the organization's strategic goals. However, the corporation's strategic operation of the CoP is not only against its original characteristics but also hampers the spontaneity of its participants. Every participant has different motivation to participate and different preference for reward type. This study, with the survey of 114 respondents, found that intrinsic motivation as well as extrinsic motivation significantly affect the motivation reward fitness. Also, the motivation reward fit was found to influence CoP commitment which ultimately leads to knowledge sharing activity in the CoP context. This research will help knowledge management companies to figure out how the two things of participants' motivation and their reward types can fit together, and how such fitness ultimately affects the participants' commitment and their knowledge sharing activities.Community of Practice, CoP, Motivation, Reward Type, Commitment, Knowledge Sharing
300 mm Monolithic Silicon Photonics Foundry Technology
Venue: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
Year: 2019

A competitive 300 mm silicon photonics foundry technology has been developed by GLOBALFOUNDRIES for general availability, which takes advantage of advanced CMOS process technology and provides a manufacturing scale. A state of the art process design kit offers a codesign environment with access to a comprehensive photonics device library along with a monolithically integrated SOI CMOS device library. Advances in automated wafer level optical test enable statistical photonic device characterization for development, photonic modeling, and manufacturing controls. The key challenges and solutions in developing a manufacturable photonic technology with state of the art performance are described, as well as a roadmap for next generation high performance monolithic silicon photonics are outlined.
The predictive relationship between specific teacher characteristics and the perceived sense of teacher self efficacy of non native English speaking teachers of English as a Foreign Language in rural Thailand
Year: 2016

3 Dedication 4 Acknowledgments 5  List of Figures 11 List of Abbreviations 12 CHAPTER ONE:  A Powerful Construct Necessitating Further Research 16 Background and Conceptual Framework 19 Problem Statement 24 Purpose Statement 26 Research Question and Hypotheses 27 Identification of Key Variables 32 Definitions 41 Research Summary 42 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 43 Theoretical Framework: Social Cognitive Theory 43 Reciprocal Determinism 44 Human Agency 45 Self efficacy 46 The Evolution of General Teacher Self efficacy