nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhythms of metabolism in adipose tissue and mitochondria
Venue: Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms
Year: 2018

Circadian clocks synchronize the daily functions of organisms with environmental cues like light dark cycles and feeding rhythms. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus of the brain and the many clocks in the periphery are organized in a hierarchical manner; the master clock synchronizes the peripheral clocks, and the peripheral clocks provide feedback to the master clock in return. Not surprisingly, it has been shown that circadian rhythms and metabolism are closely linked. Metabolic disorders like obesity have a large cost to the individual and society and they are marked by adipose tissue and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are central to energy metabolism and have key functions in processes like ATP production, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species production and Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondria also play an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis and remodeling. Despite the extensive research investigating the link between circadian clock and metabolism, the circadian regulation of adipose tissue and mitochondria has mostly been unexplored until recently, and the emerging data in this topic are the focus of this review.
Effect mechanism of thickening agents on dough
Year: 2009

The effect mechanism of thickening agents(sodium alginate,xanthan gum,guar gum and CMC)on the characteristics of protein,starch,texture and microstructure of dough was studied by the contrast analysis.Absorbance of starch solution,starch solubility,gliadin content,soluble glutenin content reduced,expanding rate,gluten protein cross linking degree,hardness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience increased when the thickening agents were added to wheat flour.Gluten unified tightly with starch embedded.
SENSOR FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF A PROCESS USING UNKNOWN INPUT OBSERVER
Year: 2011

In this paper, a robust sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) method based on the unknown input observer (UIO) approach is presented. The basic principle of unknown input observers is to decouple disturbances from the state estimation error. A single full order observer is designed to detect sensor faults in the presence of unknown inputs (disturbances) By doing so, we generate a residual, a weighted output of the state estimation error, decoupled from disturbances. The resulting robust (in the sense of disturbances) residual can be used for fault detection. Although this scheme has successful fault detection, using one observer is not successful in fault isolation. Therefore, a robust sensor fault isolation observer scheme is proposed. In order to evaluate its ability, the presented method is adopted to detect and isolate sensor faults of a highly nonlinear dynamic system. The faulty behavior of output sensors in a jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) around operating point, is investigated. Simulation results show that model uncertainties and disturbances can be distinguished from a response to a sensor fault.
Nuevo coronavirus SARS COV 2 y enfermedad COVID 19 La pandemia que cambio al mundo.
Year: 2020

A fines de diciembre de 2019 varios centros de salud de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, informaron la atencion a grupos de pacientes con neumonia de causa desconocida que estaban vinculados epidemiologicamente a un mercado mayorista de mariscos y animales silvestres. El patogeno fue identificado como un nuevo coronavirus, finalmente denominado coronavirus 2 del sindrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS CoV 2) que tiene una similitud filogenetica con el SARS CoV, y que causa la enfermedad por coronavirus 19 (COVID 19)(1) La infeccion comenzo a esparcirse rapidamente, primero por China y luego por el resto del planeta, haciendo que la OMS declare formalmente la pandemia el 11 de Marzo de 2020, cuando se habian diagnosticado mas de 118.000 casos en 114 paises(2) Desde ese momento el mundo entero ya no fue el mismo.
Enhancement of no tillage, crop straw return and manure application on field organic matter content overweigh the adverse effects of climate change in the arid and semi arid Northwest China
Year: 2020

Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for sustainable agricultural production. Agricultural management can directly or indirectly affect SOM content and associated soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The SOM content and crop productivity are generally low in the farmlands in the arid and semi arid regions of China, and are highly sensitive to climate changes. An improvement in SOM content may greatly enhance the efficiency of fertilizer and water use, thereby increasing the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change. However, little information is available on the response of SOM to the interactions of cultivation measures and changing climate in the regions. Here we analyzed the effects of climate and long term management practices on SOM content at three sites in the arid and semi arid regions of China using the SOM data monitored under a range of management practices. We showed that the manure application, crop residue return and no tillage had significantly increased SOM content from 12.1% to 127.5% in the long term experiment at three sites. We also used the DayCent model to simulate the effects of these management practices in combination with future climate changes on the SOM content, and found that climate changes in the near future would not increase SOM content, and even decrease SOM content under conventional agronomic management, but the possible adverse impact of climate change on SOM can be outweighed by the enhancement of agronomic management. Our results provide important information for improving management to maintain SOM content and sustainable production under future climate changes.
Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast transforming soft materials
Venue: Nature
Year: 2018

Soft materials capable of transforming between three dimensional (3D) shapes in response to stimuli such as light, heat, solvent, electric and magnetic fields have applications in diverse areas such as flexible electronics1,2, soft robotics3,4 and biomedicine5 7. In particular, magnetic fields offer a safe and effective manipulation method for biomedical applications, which typically require remote actuation in enclosed and confined spaces8 10. With advances in magnetic field control11, magnetically responsive soft materials have also evolved from embedding discrete magnets12 or incorporating magnetic particles13 into soft compounds to generating nonuniform magnetization profiles in polymeric sheets14,15. Here we report 3D printing of programmed ferromagnetic domains in soft materials that enable fast transformations between complex 3D shapes via magnetic actuation. Our approach is based on direct ink writing16 of an elastomer composite containing ferromagnetic microparticles. By applying a magnetic field to the dispensing nozzle while printing17, we reorient particles along the applied field to impart patterned magnetic polarity to printed filaments. This method allows us to program ferromagnetic domains in complex 3D printed soft materials, enabling a set of previously inaccessible modes of transformation, such as remotely controlled auxetic behaviours of mechanical metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratios. The actuation speed and power density of our printed soft materials with programmed ferromagnetic domains are orders of magnitude greater than existing 3D printed active materials. We further demonstrate diverse functions derived from complex shape changes, including reconfigurable soft electronics, a mechanical metamaterial that can jump and a soft robot that crawls, rolls, catches fast moving objects and transports a pharmaceutical dose.Programmed ferromagnetic domains are 3D printed into soft materials capable of fast transformations between complex three dimensional shapes via magnetic actuation.
David Olive: his life and work.
Year: 2020

David Olive, who died in Barton, Cambridgeshire, on 7 November 2012, aged 75, was a theoretical physicist who made seminal contributions to the development of string theory and to our understanding of the structure of quantum field theory. In early work on $S$ matrix theory, he helped to provide the conceptual framework within which string theory was initially formulated. His work, with Gliozzi and Scherk, on supersymmetry in string theory made possible the whole idea of superstrings, now understood as the natural framework for string theory. Olive's pioneering insights about the duality between electric and magnetic objects in gauge theories were way ahead of their time; it took two decades before his bold and courageous duality conjectures began to be understood. Although somewhat quiet and reserved, he took delight in the company of others, generously sharing his emerging understanding of new ideas with students and colleagues. He was widely influential, not only through the depth and vision of his original work, but also because the clarity, simplicity and elegance of his expositions of new and difficult ideas and theories provided routes into emerging areas of research, both for students and for the theoretical physics community more generally.
"I will leave the baby with my mother" Long distance travel and follow up care among HIV positive pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa
Venue: Journal of the International AIDS Society
Year: 2018

It is common in urban African settings for postpartum women to temporarily return to family in distant settings. We sought to explore mobility among peripartum HIV positive women to understand the timing and motivation of travel, particularly vis a vis delivery, and how it may affect healthcare access.
Multipolar second harmonic generation from high Q quasi BIC states in subwavelength resonators
Year: 2020

We put forward the multipolar model which captures the physics behind linear and nonlinear response driven by high quality (high Q) supercavity modes in subwavelength particles. We show that the formation of such trapped states associated with bound states in the continuum (quasi BIC) can be understood through multipolar transformations of coupled leaky modes. The quasi BIC state appears with increasing the order of the dominating multipole, where dipolar losses are completely suppressed. The efficient optical coupling to this state in the AlGaAs nanodisk is implemented via azimuthally polarized beam illumination matching its multipolar origin. We establish a one to one correspondence between the standard phenomenological non Hermitian coupled mode theory and multipolar models. The derived multipolar composition of the generated second harmonic radiation from the AlGaAs nanodisk is then validated with full wave numerical simulations. Back action of the second harmonic radiation onto the fundamental frequency is taken into account in the coupled nonlinear model with pump depletion. A hybrid metal dielectric nanoantenna is proposed to augment the conversion efficiency up to tens of per cent due to increasing quality factors of the involved resonant states. Our findings delineate novel promising strategies in the design of functional elements for nonlinear nanophotonics applications.
Synthesis of CsH and its effect on the hydrogen storage properties of the Mg(NH2)2 2LiH system
Year: 2016

Cesium hydride (CsH) was successfully synthesized by ball milling Cs under a hydrogen atmosphere of 50 bar at 50 degC. The effect of the prepared CsH on the hydrogen storage properties of the Mg(NH 2 2 2LiH system was systematically investigated. The Mg(NH 2 2 2LiH 0.08CsH composite exhibited optimal hydrogen storage properties because it reversibly stores approximately 4.62 wt% hydrogen with a dehydrogenation onset temperature of 70 degC via a two stage reaction. At 150 degC, approximately 80% of the reversible capacity was quickly released from the Mg(NH 2 2 2LiH 0.08CsH composite within 100 min. The fully dehydrogenated CsH containing sample began to absorb hydrogen at 55 degC and took up approximately 4.58 wt% hydrogen at 130 degC. A cycling analysis indicated that the CsH containing Mg(NH 2 2 2LiH system exhibited good reversible hydrogen storage abilities. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that during the initial heating process, CsH gradually reacted with Mg(NH 2 2 to afford CsMg(NH)(NH 2 and CsH acted as a catalyst to reduce the activation energy barrier of the first dehydrogenation step. As the operating temperature increased, CsMg(NH)(NH 2 as a reactant participated in a second dehydrogenation step to decrease the desorption enthalpy change. This behavior reasonably explains the significantly improved hydrogen storage properties of the CsH containing Mg(NH 2 2 2LiH system.
Biomass Mediated Synthesis of Cu Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Improved Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Venue: ACS omega
Year: 2018

Pure TiO2 and Cu doped TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the biomediated green approach using the Bengal gram bean extract. The extract containing biomolecules acts as capping agent, which helps to control the size of nanoparticles and inhibit the agglomeration of particles. Copper is doped in TiO2 to enhance the electronic conductivity of TiO2 and its electrochemical performance. The Cu doped TiO2 nanoparticle based anode shows high specific capacitance, good cycling stability, and rate capability performance for its envisaged application in lithium ion battery. Among pure TiO2, 3% Cu doped TiO2, and 7% Cu doped TiO2 anode, the latter shows the highest capacity of 250 mAh g 1 (97.6% capacity retention) after 100 cycles and more than 99% of coulombic efficiency at 0.5 A g 1 current density. The improved electrochemical performance in the 7% Cu doped TiO2 is attributed to the synergetic effect between copper and titania. The results reveal that Cu doped TiO2 nanoparticles might be contributing to the enhanced electronic conductivity, providing an efficient pathway for fast electron transfer.
Self Supervised Learning for 3D Medical Image Analysis using 3D SimCLR and Monte Carlo Dropout
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Self supervised learning methods can be used to learn meaningful representations from unlabeled data that can be transferred to supervised downstream tasks to reduce the need for labeled data. In this paper, we propose a 3D self supervised method that is based on the contrastive (SimCLR) method. Additionally, we show that employing Bayesian neural networks (with Monte Carlo Dropout) during the inference phase can further enhance the results on the downstream tasks. We showcase our models on two medical imaging segmentation tasks: i) Brain Tumor Segmentation from 3D MRI, ii) Pancreas Tumor Segmentation from 3D CT. Our experimental results demonstrate the benefits of our proposed methods in both downstream data efficiency and performance.
Alone in a Group or a Group Alone? Experimental Evidence on the Best Search Strategies to Solve Complex Problems
Year: 2017

The effective use of group problem solving in the search for solutions over ambiguous problem spaces remains a challenge. Through a controlled two stage experimental design we explore the impact of group structure, problem complexity, and search strategies on problem solving performance. We find support for prior theoretical predictions regarding the impact of problem complexity on the performance among different group structures. Our results also confirm that under certain problem complexity conditions collaborative groups may search more effectively. Through a granular examination, we demonstrate that the number of solutions generated during a search might be an imperfect proxy for performance: it is neither the only predictor of performance (solution space coverage and the distance of search increments matter) nor does it necessarily have a positive impact. Finally, the effects of diverse past solution attempts during search may shape collaborative search effectiveness in non uniform ways.
Orthodontic wires and its corrosion The specific case of stainless steel and beta titanium
Year: 2015

Efficient orthodontic treatments rely on the perfect design and condition of orthodontic wires. Different wires made from different metals and alloys are available in the market. Although no wire is the best for the entire treatment, they must obey certain properties such as biocompatibility, formability, weldability, low coefficient of friction, resilience, shape memory, low stiffness, and high elastic limit. Even with the buildup of protective layers, wires exposed to the oral environment can suffer corrosion. This gradual destruction of materials resulting from chemical reactions can have several adverse effects such as the release of elements from metals, roughening of the wire surface, and weakening of appliances, which can lead to mechanical failure or even fracture of the orthodontic materials. Corrosion of orthodontic wires is strongly related with the acidic environment of the buccal cavity and the presence of fluoride ions, prophylactic agents, and mouthwash solutions. In this review, a brief description of the different commercially available wires is given. Moreover, the desirable features and properties to be considered in the search for the ideal wire are addressed. Finally, the role of pH and fluoride ions on the corrosion of wires is discussed. Results from different experiences over the years are likewise provided. Special attention is given to stainless steel and beta titanium wires, because these two alloys are frequently used in the treatment phases in which the wires are exposed to the oral environment for lengthy periods.
Evolution of thread level parallelism in desktop applications
Venue: ISCA
Year: 2010

As the effective limits of frequency and instruction level parallelism have been reached, the strategy of microprocessor vendors has changed to increase the number of processing cores on a single chip each generation. The implicit expectation is that software developers will write their applications with concurrency in mind to take advantage of this sudden change in direction. In this study we analyze whether software developers for laptop/desktop machines have followed the recent hardware trends by creating software for chip multi processing. We conduct a study of a wide range of applications on Microsoft Windows 7 and Apple's OS X Snow Leopard, measuring Thread Level Parallelism on a high performance workstation and a low power desktop. In addition, we explore graphics processing units (GPUs) and their impact on chip multi processing. We compare our findings to a study done 10 years ago which concluded that a second core was sufficient to improve system responsiveness. Our results on today's machines show that, 10 years later, surprisingly 2 3 cores are more than adequate for most applications and that the GPU often remains under utilized. However, in some application specific domains an 8 core SMT system with a 240 core GPU can be effectively utilized. Overall these studies suggest that many core architectures are not a natural fit for current desktop/laptop applications.
Nestling telomere shortening, but not telomere length, reflects developmental stress and predicts survival in wild birds
Venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Year: 2014

Developmental stressors often have long term fitness consequences, but linking offspring traits to fitness prospects has remained a challenge. Telomere length predicts mortality in adult birds, and may provide a link between developmental conditions and fitness prospects. Here, we examine the effects of manipulated brood size on growth, telomere dynamics and post fledging survival in free living jackdaws. Nestlings in enlarged broods achieved lower mass and lost 21% more telomere repeats relative to nestlings in reduced broods, showing that developmental stress accelerates telomere shortening. Adult telomere length was positively correlated with their telomere length as nestling (r 0.83) Thus, an advantage of long telomeres in nestlings is carried through to adulthood. Nestling telomere shortening predicted post fledging survival and recruitment independent of manipulation and fledgling mass. This effect was strong, with a threefold difference in recruitment probability over the telomere shortening range. By contrast, absolute telomere length was neither affected by brood size manipulation nor related to survival. We conclude that telomere loss, but not absolute telomere length, links developmental conditions to subsequent survival and suggest that telomere shortening may provide a key to unravelling the physiological causes of developmental effects on fitness.
Research and Development of Blockchain Security
Year: 2018

Blockchain is a distributed data structure that integrates security, reliability, and centralization. It is the central support technology of the emerging digital encryption currency. With the emergence of Bitcoin, blockchain as its underlying support has begun to attract great attention and has been initially applied in the fields of finance, stocks, and securities. This article briefly describes the classification, architecture, and key technologies of blockchain. At the same time, it briefly analyzes the key management, access control mechanism, DDOS attack defense mechanism, and fragment information leakage prevention mechanism in the blockchain security mechanism. Finally, the prediction of the future development trend of blockchain aims to help further studies on blockchain and its security.
Use of Personal Listening Devices and Knowledge/Attitude for Greater Hearing Conservation in College Students: Data Analysis and Regression Model Based on 1009 Respondents
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
Year: 2020

Given the concern regarding increased hearing loss in young people who use personal listening devices (PLDs) the present study analyzes the experience of PLDs among college students to identify their knowledge of and attitude toward hearing conservation. It also explains their relationship between knowledge of hearing loss and attitude related hearing conservation as a questionnaire response using a regression model. A total of 1009 Korean college students responded to an online questionnaire. As a survey tool, the Personal Listening Device and Hearing Questionnaire was adapted as a Korean version with 78 modified items under 9 categories. Using principal component analysis, specific factors were extracted, and their relationships and paths were confirmed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the knowledge category of the questionnaire indicate that most respondents knew how to maintain healthy hearing and understood the signs of hearing loss. Regardless, many college students habitually use PLDs at high levels in noisy environments; they do not recognize how to prevent hearing loss. Even though they continue their current use pattern for PLDs, they also had a positive attitude toward receiving more information about hearing conservation. According to the regression model, the students' self reported hearing deficits were due to the volume rather than the frequent use. Interestingly, knowledge about hearing loss may encourage students to develop a positive attitude toward reasonable restriction of PLD use. When PLD users have detailed knowledge about the hearing loss provided by professionals, we believe that most will avoid serious hearing problems and its risks and maintain a judicious attitude toward their own conservation.