nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
(Un)targeted Scanning of Locks of Hair for Drugs of Abuse by Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
Venue: Analytical chemistry
Year: 2016

Forensic hair evidence can be used to obtain retrospective timelines of drug use by analysis of hair segments. However, this is a laborious and time consuming process, and mass spectrometric (MS) imaging techniques, which show great potential for single hair targeted analysis, are less useful due to differences in hair growth rate between individual hairs. As an alternative, a fast untargeted analysis method was developed that uses direct analysis in real time high resolution mass spectrometry (DART HRMS) to longitudinally scan intact locks of hair without extensive sample preparation or segmentation. The hair scan method was validated for cocaine against an accredited liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. The detection limit for cocaine in hair was found to comply with the cutoff value of 0.5 ng/mg recommended by the Society of Hair Testing; that is, the DART hair scan method is amenable to forensic cases. Under DART conditions, no significant thermal degradation of cocaine occurred. The standard DART spot size of 5.1 1.1 mm could be improved to 3.3 1.0 mm, corresponding to approximately 10 days of hair growth, by using a high spatial resolution exit cone. By use of data dependent product ion scans, multiple drugs of abuse could be detected in a single drug user hair scan with confirmation of identity by both exact mass and MS/HRMS fragmentation patterns. Furthermore, full scan high resolution data were retrospectively interrogated versus a list of more than 100 compounds and revealed additional hits and temporal profiles in good correlation with reported drug use.
Evaluation of colistin stability in agar and comparison of four methods for MIC testing of colistin
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology Infectious Diseases
Year: 2017

Susceptibility testing for colistin remains challenging primarily due to its inherent properties. We evaluated colistin stability in agar and reproducibility of colistin MICs obtained by agar dilution, broth macro and micro dilution and MIC gradient strips on 3 7 iterations of each method using clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae (susceptible CS, and resistant CR, n 2 each) mcr harboring Escherichia coli (n 2) and reference strains E. coli ATCC25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. MICs for reference strains were not in the given range using Etest and broth microdilution (ATCC25922, 0.125 and 4 mg/ml, respectively) MICs of CR 1 and CR 2, and of the mcr harboring E. coli showed high concordance between agar and broth dilution varying up to one 2 fold dilution. However, remarkable variations were observed on broth dilution with CS 1 and CS 2 (MIC range 0.25 32 and 0.5 64 mg/ml, respectively) whereas for agar dilution the MIC for both CS strains was 0.5 mg/ml in all the runs. MICs obtained by MIC gradient strips were lower than those obtained by dilution methods (1 2 dilutions for CS and mcr strains, and up to five dilutions for CR strains) To confirm uniform distribution of colistin in agar, a single strain was spotted in five different regions of the same plate. All spots showed concordant growth with maximum one dilution difference. No effect on MIC was found due to storage of colistin containing agar plates for 7 days at 4 degC. In our hands, agar dilution was superior in terms of reproducibility and robustness, compared to broth dilution methods, for colistin MIC determination.
Airway Mucus and Asthma: The Role of MUC5AC and MUC5B
Venue: Journal of clinical medicine
Year: 2017

Asthma is characterized by mucus abnormalities. Airway epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia result in changes in stored and secreted mucin and the production of a pathologic mucus gel. Mucus transport is impaired, culminating in mucus plugging and airway obstruction a major cause of morbidity in asthma. The polymeric mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B are integral components of airway mucus. MUC5AC and MUC5B gene expression is altered in asthma, and recent work sheds light on their contribution to asthma pathogenesis. Herein, we review our current understanding of the role of MUC5AC and MUC5B in mucus dysfunction in asthma.
Dynamic virtual machine consolidation using a multi agent system to optimise energy efficiency in cloud computing
Venue: Future Gener. Comput. Syst.
Year: 2020

Cloud computing has seen rapid growth in the last decade, as a result of this there is an increasing concern about the energy requirement of cloud data centres. One approach to tackle this issue is dynamic virtual machine consolidation (DVMC) where virtual machines (VMs) are packed into fewer hosts, while hosts which have no VMs are placed into a hibernate mode. DVMC is traditionally solved with strategies that build on centralised topologies. One disadvantage of these solutions is that they don t scale well in very large data centres as the manager node becomes a bottleneck and a single point of failure. The nature of the problem lends itself to a decentralised solution which is preferred over a centralised one when a problem is: inherently modular, large in scale, in a very dynamic environment, and when communication channels can experience message delays and loss. We propose Gossip Contracts (GC) a new multi agent framework for crafting decentralised co operation strategies. GC is inspired by the Gossip and Contract Net protocols. Using GC we developed a GC based DVMC strategy and compared it to two popular strategies: Sercon, a centralised strategy, and ecoCloud, a distributed strategy. One of the comparison experiments uses Google cluster usage traces; a dataset of real usage data from a Google data centre. The GC based strategy performs best with respect to SLA Violations, and is similar to or outperforms other strategies with respect to power consumption. By its decentralised nature, GC does not have a single point of failure.
Taking stock of the Eurosystem's asset purchase programme after the end of net asset purchases
Year: 2019

Following the Governing Council's decision in December 2018 to end net asset purchases under the Eurosystem's asset purchase programme (APP) this article reviews the implementation and effects of the asset purchases. The APP has proved to be an adaptable and effective instrument to ease monetary and financial conditions, foster economic recovery, counteract disinflationary pressures and anchor inflation expectations, thereby supporting a sustained adjustment in the path of inflation towards price stability. The APP has been part of a package of policy measures together with negative interest rates on the deposit facility, forward guidance and targeted longer term refinancing operations (TLTROs) jointly creating synergies that have enhanced the effectiveness of each of the package's individual components. From an implementation viewpoint, the Eurosystem ensured that asset purchases were conducted smoothly and flexibly by striving for market neutrality and mitigating unintended side effects for market functioning. Whereas net asset purchases have come to an end, principal payments from maturing securities purchased under the APP will continue to be reinvested as this, together with enhanced forward guidance, provides the monetary accommodation that the Governing Council judges to be required for the continued sustained convergence of inflation to levels that are below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.
Text Clustering Algorithm Based on the Graph Structures of Semantic Word Co occurrence
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information System and Artificial Intelligence (ISAI)
Year: 2016

Text theme is the key of text clustering, while the co occurrence words can be very stronger to express text theme in document. This paper proposes a text clustering algorithm based on the text semantic representation and the graph structure of word co occurrence on the basis of in depth studying text theme mining and word co occurrence. First, the algorithm constructs the text graph structure according to the co occurrence of feature words. In other words, it uses the graph structure to represent all texts. Then, it adopts the maximum common sub graph between two texts to calculate their similarity and combines with K means clustering algorithm to realize the document clustering. The compared experimental results with hierarchical clustering algorithm show the K means clustering algorithm based on the graph structures of word co occurrence greatly reduce the high dimension of text vector and the algorithm complexity, significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of text clustering, and it can also produce the clustering effect of good quality.
Dual class IPOs: A theoretical analysis
Year: 2012

We consider an incumbent who wishes to sell equity to outsiders at an IPO to implement his firm's project. He may be talented (lower cost of effort, comparative advantage in project implementation) or untalented. The project may have high (intrinsically more valuable, but showing less signs of success in the near term) or low near term uncertainty. Under a single class share structure, the incumbent has a greater chance of losing control to potential rivals if he undertakes the project with high near term uncertainty, since outsiders may vote for the rival if they believe the project is not progressing well. A dual class share structure allows the incumbent to have enough votes to prevail against any rival, but may be misused by untalented incumbents to dissipate value. Our results help to explain firms' choices between dual class and single class IPOs and the post IPO operating performance of dual class versus single class firms.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Berbicara Teks Prosedur Melalui Metode Presentasi Power Point Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IX G Semester 1Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 SMP Negeri 1 Tugu
Year: 2018

Speaking is one of the four language skills that have been taught in English lesson. In this era, speaking ability, especiallyA to do public speaking in English is truly substantial in accordance with the era of globalization. In fact, it is known that the students of SMP 1 Tugu still have low ability in public speaking It is due to some cases such as the lack of self confidence, the limited vocabulary and the feeling of being afraid to make mistake. The application of learning method focus on teacher center oriented is also being the main cause that have to be solved. Therefore, reseacher tries to design the lesson plan providing some challenging activities for students by applying learning method of aEURoepresentasi power point aEUR it is intended to enhance the studentsaEUR(tm) achievement in speaking ability of procedure text. The learning design is hoped to be be able to create the meaningful, active, creative and joyful learning atmosphere. For students, the research can increase their abilityA to produce procedure text orally. For teacher, it can improve the skill of using various learningA methods in class. The research is held based onA the research methology of Kemmis that consist of 4 steps, planning, acting, observing and reflecting. This research is designed in two cycles. The studentsaEUR(tm) achivement in cycle 1 shows that minimum score A hasnaEUR(tm)t been achieved yet. The data shows that there are only 21 students passed of 29 72,41% And there is an increasement in the second cycle that is 26 students passed, 89,66% There is also an increasement of the A average score, 76,83 in cycle 1 and 81,38 in cycle 2. It means that the students achievement enhance 4,55 Thus, it can be inferred that aEUR~presentasi power point aEUR learning method can enhance the public speaking ability of procedure texts of the first semester students of SMP 1 Tugu, especially class IX G, in the year of 2017 2018.
The 1st WFH Gene Therapy Round Table: Understanding the landscape and challenges of gene therapy for haemophilia around the world
Venue: Haemophilia the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia
Year: 2019

In this first in a series of round table meetings, the 1st World Federation of Hemophilia Gene Therapy Round Table was convened to initiate a global dialogue on the expected challenges and opportunities that a disruptive therapy, such as gene therapy, will bring to the haemophilia community. Perspectives from key stakeholder groups, including healthcare professionals, regulators, payors, people with hemophilia and pharmaceutical industry representatives, were sought in the identification of the key issues we expect to face. Didactic presentations and open discussion covered the clinical development of gene therapy in haemophilia; regulatory perspectives of gene therapy; making informed decisions; accessibility, affordability and pricing of gene therapy; and ethical issues of gene therapy clinical trials. These were followed by small group work. This manuscript outlines the key issues identified and the path forward.
The effect of flood risk on property values around Paris
Year: 2019

We examine the effect of flood risk regulation on property prices in the inner suburbs of Paris, France. Increased flood risk is one of the major consequences of climate change, and it is already a current risk for populations in some areas of Southern and Western France. The Ile de France region is highly exposed to the risk of a major flood of the Seine River. About 830 000 people and 620 000 jobs would be directly affected if a flood similar to the historic event of 1910 would occur (IAU, 2011; OECD,2013) A large literature has examined the impact of actual floods with a surprisingly large variation in results. Only a few studies have investigated the effect of information about flood risk (Harrison et al. 2001; Troy and Romm, 2004; Hallstrom and Smith, 2005; Pope, 2008; Rajapaksa et al. 2016) as opposed to the direct economic impact of flood damage. It is not easy to separate the effect of information on flood risk, as such, as flood prone areas by definition also are likely to suffer recurrent flooding. Since a major role of flood risk regulation is to inform actors in the real estate markets about the actual risk, it is important for policy purposes to evaluate the reaction to information on flood risk separately from any damage from actual floods. The inner suburbs around Paris offer a unique opportunity to do so, since there is high flood risk, but no major flood occurred during the period analysed in the paper. In this article, we study the impact of information on flood risk released through the implementation of the French regulation on flood risk prevention plans (PPRi) The objective of the paper is to test whether information on flood risk has an impact on the price of the real estate transactions in the inner suburbs of Paris over the period 2003 to 2012. During the period, it can be assumed that past flood events were not salient to buyers and sellers in the region, since the last major flood of the Seine river at the time was the 50 year flood of 1955. The more recent ten year floods of 2016 and 2018 occurred after the period of the study. This avoids a confounding direct effect on prices of flood itself and permits us to argue that we identify only an effect of flood risk information on price.
"GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Assessment of Malin Area: A Case Study in Watershed, India"
Year: 2017

Landslides are common geological phenomenon witnessed in hilly areas and are one of the major disasters commonly experienced all over the world. In India, around 15 percent of the mountainous area is susceptible to landslide. The frequency and magnitude of landslide occurrence has increased due to anthropogenic activities in the hilly region. This has resulted in massive damage to property and infrastructure, besides loss of human lives. On 30th July 2014, a landslide occurred at Malin village, Pune district, Maharashtra which resulted in loss of life and infrastructure. In order to reduce the risk from potential landslide, there is a need to generate a Landslide Susceptibility Zonation (LSZ) map of the area for an effective and efficient disaster management. To obtain LSZ map of Malin watershed relevant thematic layers pertaining to the causative factors for landslide occurrences, such as slope, aspect, drainage, lineaments, soil and road, have been generated using field survey, ancillary data, satellite imagery and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. The quantitative relationship between landslides and causal factors has been established using Frequency Ratio (FR) method and Certainty Factor (CF) The relative importance of the various causal factors has been evaluated using Frequency Ratio (FR) method and Certainty Factor (CF) model and a LSZ map has been generated. The accuracy of the generated LSZ map has been evaluated to ascertain the landslide prediction accuracy.
Project based learning approach to increase medical student empathy
Venue: Medical education online
Year: 2020

This study investigated the impact of empathy training on medical students using a project based learning approach on the development of their empathic abilities. Study participants were Year 2 students in the six year medical program, to whom a one credit hour course on empathic communication was offered over a semester. In this course, students worked on collaborative team projects in which they were asked to interview a person and to report the empathy that they shared with the interviewee. Development in student empathy was measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index inventory in a pre and post test format over the semester and their reflective reports were qualitatively analyzed to identify emerging themes on the lessons they learned from the project experience. A total of 45 students completed the questionnaires (a 97.8% response rate) Students' overall empathy scores did not change over time (t 1.943, p .06) Still, students with lower empathy in the pre test improved significantly in their empathy scores (t 3.44, p .01) Students reported that the empathy project was beneficial in improving their understanding of empathy and enhancing their empathic communication skills. This study shows the project based learning approach was effective in developing medical student empathy especially for those with lower empathy.
Training Accurate Binary Neural Networks from Scratch
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Year: 2019

Binary neural networks are a promising approach to execute convolutional neural networks on devices with low computational power. Previous work on this subject often quantizes pretrained full precision models and uses complex training strategies. In our work, we focus on increasing the performance of binary neural networks by training from scratch with a simple training strategy. In our experiments we show that we are able to achieve state of the art results on standard benchmark datasets. Further, we analyze how full precision network structures can be adapted for efficient binary networks and adopt a network architecture based on a DenseNet for binary networks, which lets us improve the state of the art even further.  https:/github.com/hpi xnor/BMXNet v2
Covid 19: Students on standby to help with contract tracing
Venue: BMJ
Year: 2020

Mahase highlights the government's reintroduction of contact tracing in the fight against covid 19.1 The government is planning to set up a taskforce of 18 000 contact tracers to combat the spread of the virus.2 This target may be hard to achieve without additional help. Shouldn't we be seeking out an army of medical students
Monsters of Military Might: Elephants in Hellenistic History and Art
Year: 2019

Elephants were first deployed in warfare by Indian and Persian armies. The Greco Macedonian troops first encountered these fearsome creatures in battle during the campaign of Alexander the Great. Subsequently, the Successors and later Hellenistic rulers similarly used elephants in battle. From this time, the animal began to appear in Greco Roman art. Tracing the appearance of the elephant in Hellenistic history and art, I suggest that the elephant not only continued to be associated with its Asian and African origins and came to symbolize military triumph over exotic foes, it retained religious and mythic proportions as a fearsome, fabulous monster connected with the martichora and unicorn, griffon and sphinx, dragon and hippocampus. In particular, I re examined the posthumous portrait of Alexander the Great in which he wears an elephant scalp as a headdress, similar to Heracles' lion scalp. This deified portraiture not only depicts Alexander as descendant of Heracles and Dionysus, both sons of Zeus, but also through connections with Ammon and Indra as the legitimate ruler of the three continents of the known world, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Biogas: An Effective and Common Energy Tool Part I
Year: 2020

Energy is a much crucial necessity for daily errands, either household or industrial. We use it as fuel (transportation or industrial commodity) to provide power, heat, electricity, etc. and we can't imagine life without it. Several kinds of fuels are available in the market, mainly non renewables fossil based (coal, crude oil, etc. However, due to awareness about long term issues related to use of fossil fuels, several other types of renewable fuels are gaining much attention. Biogas, biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel) and biohydrogen are some of the examples for such renewables with very high future potential. However, even with those recent developments, rural areas in some of the developing countries are still using agricultural remains, cow dung, etc. for cooking and heating purposes. This kind of crude practice significantly raises environmental, economic, and public health related worries. To achieve a worldwide sustainable progress in both developed and developing countries, clean and affordable energy could be offered by using the existing biomass resources (crop residues, agro industrial, animal, and other type of wastes) to produce a cleaner, more efficient, and reliable energy, such as biogas. Unlike other types of renewable biofuels, biogas production is a natural non energy intensive process, and the raw materials are mostly renewable resource and wastes thus serving both purposes, bioremediation and energy generation. Biogas is a blend of gases, mainly methane and carbon dioxide. Over the years, several biogas plant designs are available, which are compiled in present chapter along with its advantages and disadvantages. At present several countries are already utilizing biogas for various household and industrial applications. The main applications are generating electricity, cooking, heating, and using as a fuel for transportation. The ease of operation, maintenance, and easy availability of substrate waste materials are some of the key selling points for biogas to be an effective and common energy tool in the near future.