nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective optimization of an aircraft wing design with respect to structural and aeroelastic characteristics using neural network metamodel
Year: 2018

The multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is an important concept that focuses on bringing together disciplines involved with machine design. It is possible to use MDO in any stage of an aircraft design, that is in the conceptual, preliminary, or detailed design, as long as the numerical models are fitted to each of these stages. This work describes the development of a multidisciplinary design optimization applied to flexible aircraft wings, with respect to structural and aeroelastic characteristics. As tools for the aircraft designer, the numerical models must be fairly accurate and fast. Therefore, metamodels for the critical flutter speed prediction of aircraft wings were considered, thereby reducing significantly the computational cost of the optimization. For this purpose, artificial neural networks (NN) metamodeling is evaluated, based on their inherent properties in dealing with complex mappings. The NN metamodel is prepared using an aeroelastic code based on finite element model coupled with linear potential aerodynamics. Results of the metamodel performance are presented, from where one can note that the NN is well suited for flutter prediction. Multiobjective optimization (MOO) using the genetic algorithm (GA) based on non dominance approach is considered. The objectives were the maximization of critical flutter speed and minimization of structural mass. One case study is presented to evaluate the performance of the MOO, revealing that overall optimization process actually achieves the search for the Pareto frontier.
A constant pressure dust explosion experiment
Year: 2013

A new apparatus has been designed for investigating flame propagation in turbulent dust clouds at near constant pressure conditions. The experimental approach is inspired by the classical soap bubble method for measuring burning velocities in gaseous mixtures. Combustible dust is dispersed with pressurised air to form an explosive mixture inside a transparent latex balloon. After a certain delay time, the turbulent dust cloud is ignited by a 40 J chemical igniter. A digital high speed video camera records the propagating flame and the expansion of the balloon. Experiments were performed with two types of dust, Lycopodium spores and maize starch, as well as with propane air mixtures under initially quiescent or turbulent conditions. Although the results are primarily qualitative in nature, they nevertheless demonstrate fundamental differences between premixed combustion of gaseous mixtures, and 'premixed combustion with non premixed substructures' in mechanical suspensions of solid particles dispersed in air. The discussion highlights some fundamental challenges for future dust explosion research.
Enteral Nutrition within 48 Hours of Admission Improves Clinical Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis by Reducing Complications: A Meta Analysis
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2013

Enteral nutrition is increasingly advocated in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, but its timing is still controversial. The aim of this meta analysis was to find out the feasibility of early enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission and its possible advantages.  We searched PubMed, EMBASE Databases, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, and scholar.google.com for all the relevant articles about the effect of enteral nutrition initiated within 48 hours of admission on the clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis from inception to December 2012. Eleven studies containing 775 patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. Results from a pooled analysis of all the studies demonstrated that early enteral nutrition was associated with significant reductions in all the infections as a whole (OR 0.38; 95%CI 0.21 0.68, P<0.05) in catheter related septic complications (OR 0.26; 95%CI 0.11 0.58, P<0.05) in pancreatic infection (OR 0.49; 95%CI 0.31 0.78, P<0.05) in hyperglycemia (OR 0.24; 95%CI 0.11 0.52, P<0.05) in the length of hospitalization (mean difference 2.18; 95%CI 3.48 0.87) P<0.05) and in mortality (OR 0.31; 95%CI 0.14 0.71, P<0.05) but no difference was found in pulmonary complications (P>0.05) The stratified analysis based on the severity of disease revealed that, even in predicted severe or severe acute pancreatitis patients, early enteral nutrition still showed a protective power against all the infection complications as a whole, catheter related septic complications, pancreatic infection complications, and organ failure that was only reported in the severe attack of the disease (all P<0.05)  Enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission is feasible and improves the clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis as well as in predicted severe or severe acute pancreatitis by reducing complications.
vmPFC Drives Hippocampal Processing during Autobiographical Memory Recall Regardless of Remoteness
Venue: Cerebral cortex
Year: 2020

Our ability to recall past experiences, autobiographical memories (AMs) is crucial to cognition, endowing us with a sense of self and underwriting our capacity for autonomy. Traditional views assume that the hippocampus orchestrates event recall, whereas recent accounts propose that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) instigates and coordinates hippocampal dependent processes. Here we sought to characterize the dynamic interplay between the hippocampus and vmPFC during AM recall to adjudicate between these perspectives. Leveraging the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography, we found that the left hippocampus and the vmPFC showed the greatest power changes during AM retrieval. Moreover, responses in the vmPFC preceded activity in the hippocampus during initiation of AM recall, except during retrieval of the most recent AMs. The vmPFC drove hippocampal activity during recall initiation and also as AMs unfolded over subsequent seconds, and this effect was evident regardless of AM age. These results recast the positions of the hippocampus and the vmPFC in the AM retrieval hierarchy, with implications for theoretical accounts of memory processing and systems level consolidation.
Analisis y optimizacion de modelos de rotor de motor sincrono para vehiculos hibridos con la incorporacion de nuevos materiales magneticos
Year: 2016

espanolEn la presente tesis, por un lado, se estudian las tecnologias de fabricacion de imanes permanentes de tierras raras para determinar una alternativa viable a los imanes NdFeB sinterizados, monopolizados por China, y por otro lado se estudian los distintos tipos de motores electricos mas idoneos para su aplicacion en vehiculos electricos. Una vez determinado que los motores sincronos de imanes permanentes son actualmente los mas apropiados, y tomando el motor MG2 del Toyota Prius como base, se desarrolla un nuevo modelo de rotor que utilice eficazmente imanes permanentes aglomerados, con mas posibilidades de conformacion que los sinterizados. EnglishIn this Thesis, on the one hand, manufacturing technologies of rare earth permanent magnets are studied to determine a viable alternative to sintered NdFeB magnets monopolized by China, and, on the other hand, the most suitable types of electric motors are also studied for its implementation in electric vehicles. Once having determined that the synchronous permanent magnet motors are, at the present time, the most convenient option, and taking Toyota Prius MG2 motor as a basis, a new rotor model efficiently using agglomerate permanent magnets is developed with more conformation possibilities than the sintered ones.
Continuous Meter Scale Synthesis of Weavable Tunicate Cellulose/Carbon Nanotube Fibers for High Performance Wearable Sensors.
Venue: ACS nano
Year: 2019

Weavable sensing fibers with superior mechanical strengths and sensing functionality are crucial for the realization of wearable textile sensors. However, in the fabrication of previously reported wearable sensing fibers, additional processes such as reduction, doping, and coating were essential to satisfy both requirements. The sensing fibers should be continuously synthesized in a scalable process for commercial applications with high reliability and productivity, which was challenging. In this study, we firstly synthesize mass producible wearable sensing fibers with good mechanical properties and sensing functionality without additional processes by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into distinct nanocellulose. Nanocellulose extracted from tunicate (TCNF) is homogeneously composited with single walled CNTs and composite fibers (TCNF/CNT) are continuously produced in aligned directions by wet spinning facilitating liquid crystal properties. The TCNF/CNT fibers exhibit a superior gas (NO2) sensing performance with high selectivity and sensitivity (parts per billion detection) In addition, the TCNF/CNT fibers can endure complex and harsh distortions maintaining their intrinsic sensing properties and can be perfectly integrated with conventional fabrics using a direct weaving process. Our meter scale scalable synthesis of functional composite fibers is expected to provide a mass production platform of versatile wearable sensors.
Human Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Abrogate Plasmablast Formation and Induce Regulatory B Cells Independently of T Helper Cells
Venue: Stem cells
Year: 2015

Mesenchymal or stromal stem cells (MSC) interact with cells of the immune system in multiple ways. Modulation of the immune system by MSC is believed to be a therapeutic option for autoimmune disease and transplant rejection. In recent years, B cells have moved into the focus of the attention as targets for the treatment of immune disorders. Current B cell targeting treatment is based on the indiscriminate depletion of B cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether human adipose tissue derived MSC (ASC) interact with B cells to affect their proliferation, differentiation, and immune function. ASC supported the survival of quiescent B cells predominantly via contact dependent mechanisms. Coculture of B cells with activated T helper cells led to proliferation and differentiation of B cells into CD19+CD27highCD38high antibody producing plasmablasts. ASC inhibited the proliferation of B cells and this effect was dependent on the presence of T cells. In contrast, ASC directly targeted B cell differentiation, independently of T cells. In the presence of ASC, plasmablast formation was reduced and IL 10 producing CD19+CD24highCD38high B cells, known as regulatory B cells, were induced. These results demonstrate that ASC affect B cell biology in vitro, suggesting that they can be a tool for the modulation of the B cell response in immune disease. Stem Cells 2015;33:880 891
Reorienting Reorient East Asia and 15th 19th Century Joseon
Year: 2014

This paper examines A. G. Frank's views about 15th 19th Korea (Joseon Dynasty) in his Reorient. A. G. Frank recognized that Korea might have played a great role in the international relations of East Asia, but he did not write systematically about it and he did not treat Korea as an independent player in the history of East Asia. I think the greatest limitation to his reinterpretation of East Asia is in that he depends too much on China's and Japan's perspective. In order to overcome Frank's shortcomings regarding the history of Korea, first I examine what Frank recognized about the Joseon dynasty between 1400 and 1800. Next I compare Joseon's development to that of China and Japan between 1400 and 1800. Frank compared Europe and East Asia (mainly China and Japan) from three aspects of quantities (population, production, productivity, and trade) qualities (science and technology) and mechanism (economic and financial institutions) With this research we insist that Joseon should not be dismissed in 15th 19th East Asia. The reasons are as follows. First, Joseon between 1400 and 1800 had developed economically as much as China and Japan. Second, Joseon had played a great role in connecting China and Japan and had a positive influence on the development of Japan. So we need to reappraise Reorient's view about East Asia. Only when role of Joseon can be correctly estimated, the dynamics and diversity of East Asia can be properly understood.
Integrated Dual Production Mode Modeling and Multiobjective Optimization of an Industrial Continuous Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process
Year: 2016

Catalytic naphtha reforming is a key process both in refineries and in the production of aromatic compounds. However, the characteristics of dual production modes render the process model difficult to adapt to changing production needs. Because catalytic naphtha reforming has a complicated reaction mechanism along with multiple operation variables and objectives, its optimization is challenging. We herein report the modeling and optimization steps employed to resolve these issues. A detailed continuous catalytic regenerative (CCR) reforming process model was established, integrating the reaction kinetic model, reactor model, heater model, compressor model, and separator model. On the basis of the CCR model, multiobjective optimizations were performed, and a hierarchical structure of stochastic algorithm was proposed, thus reducing computation costs during model calculations. Three multiobjective optimization problems were solved using the proposed algorithm, with these cases being based on refinery produc.
Pobreza e suas relacoes com a Psicologia Comunitaria na 5a Conferencia Internacional de Psicologia Comunitaria
Year: 2015

O problema da pobreza tem influencias psicossociais na vida humana. A Psicologia Comunitaria trabalha com esses problemas psicossociais. Entao, busca se com este artigo analisar a presenca da tematica da pobreza nos trabalhos apresentados na 5a Conferencia Internacional de Psicologia Comunitaria (CIPC) que foi realizada em setembro de 2014 em Fortaleza (Ceara/Brasil) O tema da 5a CIPC foi "Psicologia Comunitaria no mundo atual: desafios, limites e praticas" com 1553 inscritos e 726 trabalhos aprovados. A metodologia consiste em analisar a tematica da pobreza nos trabalhos aprovados nos cincos eixos tematicos: Politicas Publicas, Academico/Formacao, Profissao, Movimentos Sociais e Etica na dimensao planetaria e em defesa da vida. As dimensoes analisadas foram: concepcoes de pobreza, dimensoes psicossociais utilizadas e relacao da Psicologia Comunitaria com a pobreza. Analisa se que os eixos com mais producoes relacionadas a pobreza sao Academico/Formacao e Politicas Publicas. Entretanto, a maioria dos resumos nao apresenta uma definicao especifica da pobreza. Ha tambem producoes com enfoques monetarios e multidimensionais. Sobre as dimensoes da pobreza, as mais utilizadas foram o apoio social, as potencialidades, o fatalismo, a conscientizacao, a vergonha, a humilhacao e a exclusao social. Sobre as relacoes da Psicologia Comunitaria com a pobreza, grande parte dos resumos utilizam a pobreza somente como caracterizacao de um contexto, porem tambem ha producoes que atuam contra as praticas de opressao relacionadas a pobreza e em uma perspectiva critica.
Multitask learning from clinical text and acute physiological conditions differentially improve the prediction of mortality and diagnosis at the ICU
Venue: medRxiv
Year: 2020

The prediction of mortality of critically ill patients has stimulated the development of many severity scoring algorithms. The majority of the models use physiological measurements obtained during the first hours of admission (i.e. heart rate, arterial blood pressure, or respiratory rate) In this study, we propose to improve the performance of current scoring system by including free text from patient's medical history. Although the primary outcome was in hospital mortality, we chose a model architecture to provide simultaneous assessment of ICD 9 codes and groupings. We hypothesized that including patients' medical history with a multitask learning approach would improve model performance. We compared the predictive performance obtained with our approach to the best models previously proposed in the literature (baseline models) We used the MIMIC publicly available database which includes 60,000 ICU admissions between 2001 and 2012. The patients' condition at admission was accounted for by the preliminary diagnosis at admission and the medical history extracted from the discharge summaries notes. Unstructured data was processed through a Gated Recurrent Units layer with pre trained word embeddings, and the hidden states were concatenated to the remaining structured tabular data. Baseline models achieved similar results than in previously published work, but our artificial neural networks models showed significant improvement towards classification of mortality (AUC ROC 0.90) Including the medical history improved all tasks but relatively more the ICD 9 codes prediction than the mortality. The clinical prediction model presented here could be used to identify patients' risk groups, which would improve the quality of ICU care, and further help to efficiently allocate hospital resources.
Riemannian Stein Variational Gradient Descent for Bayesian Inference
Venue: AAAI
Year: 2018

We develop Riemannian Stein Variational Gradient Descent (RSVGD) a Bayesian inference method that generalizes Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) to Riemann manifold. The benefits are two folds: (i) for inference tasks in Euclidean spaces, RSVGD has the advantage over SVGD of utilizing information geometry, and (ii) for inference tasks on Riemann manifolds, RSVGD brings the unique advantages of SVGD to the Riemannian world. To appropriately transfer to Riemann manifolds, we conceive novel and non trivial techniques for RSVGD, which are required by the intrinsically different characteristics of general Riemann manifolds from Euclidean spaces. We also discover Riemannian Stein's Identity and Riemannian Kernelized Stein Discrepancy. Experimental results show the advantages over SVGD of exploring distribution geometry and the advantages of particle efficiency, iteration effectiveness and approximation flexibility over other inference methods on Riemann manifolds.
The in vitro and in vivo anti inflammatory effect of osthole, the major natural coumarin from Cnidium monnieri (L. Cuss, via the blocking of the activation of the NF kB and MAPK/p38 pathways.
Venue: Phytomedicine international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Year: 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestines and is difficult to cure once diagnosed. The efficacy of the current clinical treatment for UC is limited. Common anti inflammatory drugs are prone to adverse effects, while novel biological agents are expensive, although tolerated by patients. Therefore, an urgency exists to find more safe and effective drugs to treat UC. Osthole is an active constituent isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L. Cuss. Osthole has anti inflammatory activities and offers certain intestinal protection. These characteristics indicate that osthole has the potential to inhibit UC.  The study was conducted to investigate the anti inflammatory potential of osthole in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in mice.  In in vitro experiments, mouse monocyte macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by 1 mg/ml LPS to produce inflammatory mediators. Griess reagent was used to determine Nitric Oxide (NO) production, and ELISA kits were used to determine the levels of PGE2, TNF a, and IL 6. The anti inflammatory mechanisms of osthole were detected using western blot. In in vivo experiments, UC was induced via the intragastric administration of 3.5% DSS to BALB/C mice for 7 days. During the experiment, clinical signs and body weight were monitored and recorded daily to calculate the DAI score. At the end of the experiment, the colon lengths were measured. The colonic histopathological lesions were evaluated. MPO activity and TNF a levels were determined using the corresponding kits. The protein expression of TNF a and NF kB pathways were analysed using western blot.  In an in vitro study, osthole inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, TNF a, and IL 6 in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results of western blot showed that osthole inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX 2, p38 MAPK and IkB a in RAW 264.7 cells. On this basis, in DSS induced UC mice, it was found that osthole relieved the symptoms of UC by inhibiting weight loss, colon shortening and the DAI score, and simultaneously alleviating colon tissue lesions. It was also found that osthole reduced the levels of TNF a in serum and colon tissues and effectively inhibited the activity of MPO. The western blot results showed that osthole reduced the expression of NF kB p65 and p IkB a and increased the content of IkB a in colon tissues.  Osthole exerted anti inflammatory effects by blocking the activation of the NF kB and MAPK/p38 pathways. Additionally, osthole possesses therapeutic potential in the treatment of UC.
FNet: Fusion, Feedback and Focus for Salient Object Detection
Year: 2020

Most of existing salient object detection models have achieved great progress by aggregating multi level features extracted from convolutional neural networks. However, because of the different receptive fields of different convolutional layers, there exists big differences between features generated by these layers. Common feature fusion strategies (addition or concatenation) ignore these differences and may cause suboptimal solutions. In this paper, we propose the FNet to solve above problem, which mainly consists of cross feature module (CFM) and cascaded feedback decoder (CFD) trained by minimizing a new pixel position aware loss (PPA) Specifically, CFM aims to selectively aggregate multilevel features. Different from addition and concatenation, CFM adaptively selects complementary components from input features before fusion, which can effectively avoid introducing too much redundant information that may destroy the original features. Besides, CFD adopts a multi stage feedback mechanism, where features closed to supervision will be introduced to the output of previous layers to supplement them and eliminate the differences between features. These refined features will go through multiple similar iterations before generating the final saliency maps. Furthermore, different from binary cross entropy, the proposed PPA loss doesn't treat pixels equally, which can synthesize the local structure information of a pixel to guide the network to focus more on local details. Hard pixels from boundaries or error prone parts will be given more attention to emphasize their importance. FNet is able to segment salient object regions accurately and provide clear local details. Comprehensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that FNet outperforms state of the art approaches on six evaluation metrics. Code will be released at https:/github.com/weijun88/F3Net.