nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Can we use these masks? Rapid Assessment of the Inhalation Resistance Performance of Uncertified Medical Face Masks in the Context of Restricted Resources Imposed during a Public Health Emergency
Venue: medRxiv
Year: 2020

In the case of a public health emergency such as the COVID 19 pandemic, access to large quantities of appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) has presented a significant problem. A shortage of face masks and respirators has been widely reported across the world. A concerted effort to manufacture high volumes has not unsurprisingly put pressure on the supply chain and the important certification processes. PPE procured or donated as uncertified stock requires rigorous, expedient and scientifically informed evidence before decisions can be made regarding suitable deployment, expensive certification, return or possible destruction of stock. This paper reports a series of experiments devised in reaction to this situation. In this study, an experimental methodology for the assessment of the filtration performance of samples of real world, uncertified, fluid resistant surgical masks (FRSM type IIR) was evaluated in the resource limited (lockdown) environment of the COVID 19 pandemic. A steady state flow rig was adapted to incorporate a bespoke filter flow chamber for mounting face masks in order to evaluate the resistance to air flow as an indicator of mask inhalation performance. Pure air was drawn through a specified control surface area at known flow rate conditions; the resistance to the air flow through the masks was measured as the resulting pressure drop. Over 60 tests were performed from 4 different, randomly sampled batches and compared to a control sample of EN Type IIR certified FRSM masks. Steady state volumetric airflow rates of 30 and 95 lmin 1 were chosen to represent deep breathing and vigorous exercise conditions respectively. The results showed that the sample masks produced a pressure drop of between 26% to 58% compared to the control batch at the lower flow rate and 22% to 55% at the higher rate. The results for each sample were consistent across both flow rates. Within the group of masks tested, two sets (between 48% and 58% of the reference set) showed the potential to be professionally assessed for appropriate deployment in a suitable setting. Although the absolute values of pressure drop measured by this method are unlikely to correlate with other testing approaches, the observed, indicative trends and relative performance of the masks is key to this approach. Critically, this method does not replace certification but it has enabled a public body to quickly make decisions; certify, re assign, refund, thus saving time and resources. The total time spent conducting the tests was less than 8 hours and the low cost method proposed can be repurposed for low resource regions.
A phosphoporin homolog plays a critical role in the dissimilatory iron respirattion linked to iron (III) reduction by a cold adapted bacterium, Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10
Year: 2016

Microbial metal reduction is a key reaction for the bioconversion of soluble and insoluble minerals. Respirationlinked bioreduction of metal compounds is useful for bacterial leaching and bacterial mining, and is also gaining attention as an efficient method for the conversion of toxic metal contaminants to non toxic compounds1) Recent studies on the metal reducing microorganisms revealed that several bacteria are capable of dissimilatory metal reduction and respiratory growth with various metals such as iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, uranium, selenium, and technetium as the terminal electron acceptor. Two such microorganisms that have received much attention are the metal reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis2) and Geobacter sulfurreducens3) Both these strains are classified as mesophilic bacteria, for which the optimum growth temperatures are reported to be around 30degC. Shewanella species have evolved mechanisms for utilizing insoluble metals as electron acceptors, and can survive in various aerobic and anaerobic habitats, such as deep sea, intestinal tract of fish, freshwater, and coastal sediments. Regarding anaerobic metal reduction by S. oneidensis MR 1, a well studied model for bacterial metal respiration, three possible mechanisms are suggested: (i) direct electron transfer following contact between minerals and multihaem c type cytochromes on the cell surface4 6) or extracellular nanowires7) (ii) delivery of the reducing equivalents from the cytoplasmic membrane to the extracellular matrix by the electron shuttles such as flavin8, 9) (iii) solubilization of metal oxides with metal chelators10, 11) such as menaquinone so that they can contact with the membrane associated electron transport components. Although these electron transport mechanisms are supposed to contribute to the survivability of Shewanella species at various anaerobic environments, the exact mechanism for respiration linked metal reduction at cold environments widely distributed across the Earth is not well understood.
The Effect of Security, Service Quality, Operations and Information Management, Reliability &Trustworthiness on E Loyalty moderated by Customer Satisfaction on the Online Shopping Website
Year: 2019

The aims of this study is to examine the effect of security, quality of service, operations and information management and trustworthiness on E loyalty customer moderated by customer satisfaction for online shop website. The sample was taken using random sampling technique as many as 1300 respondents. The data was tabulated and processed using questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study showed that security, information management, reliability and trustworthiness has positive and direct impact on customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, service quality has negative and indirect impact on customer satisfaction. This study also showed that customer satisfaction has positive and direct impact to E loyalty customer for online shopping website.
Perspectives on the Impact of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Artificial Intelligence on Materials, Processes, and Structures Engineering
Venue: Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation
Year: 2018

The fields of machining learning and artificial intelligence are rapidly expanding, impacting nearly every technological aspect of society. Many thousands of published manuscripts report advances over the last 5 years or less. Yet materials and structures engineering practitioners are slow to engage with these advancements. Perhaps the recent advances that are driving other technical fields are not sufficiently distinguished from long known informatics methods for materials, thereby masking their likely impact to the materials, processes, and structures engineering (MPSE) Alternatively, the diverse nature and limited availability of relevant materials data pose obstacles to machine learning implementation. The glimpse captured in this overview is intended to draw focus to selected distinguishing advances, and to show that there are opportunities for these new technologies to have transformational impacts on MPSE. Further, there are opportunities for the MPSE fields to contribute understanding to the emerging machine learning tools from a physics basis. We suggest that there is an immediate need to expand the use of these new tools throughout MPSE, and to begin the transformation of engineering education that is necessary for ongoing adoption of the methods.
The effect of Macro and Nano emulsions of cinnamon essential oil on the properties of edible active films
Venue: Food science nutrition
Year: 2020

The effect of Nano emulsion (NE) and Macro emulsion (ME) of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based films was investigated. MEs (diameters of 242 362 nm) and NEs (diameters of 59 80 nm) of CEO were produced through Ultra Turrax and Ultrasonication, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed different morphologies in the films containing ME and NE, also a denser and more uniform microstructure was observed in the NE films in comparison with the ME ones. The higher stability of NE in the CMC matrix, increased the thickness of the resulted films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) was increased from 2.59 x 10 9 g/ms Pa in the control film to 4.43 x 10 9 g/m s Pa in the ME film, and decreased to 1.80 x 10 9 g/ms Pa in the NE film. Adding CEO led to more flexible films with enhanced strain at break (SAB) from 53.56% in the control film to 80% and 94.77% in the ME and NE films, respectively. The antifungal indices against A. niger and M. racemous were 14.16% and 20.82% in the ME films, and were improved to 18.81% and 25% in the NE ones.
Imaging based crack detection on concrete surfaces using You Only Look Once network
Year: 2020

The detection of cracks in concrete structures is a pivotal aspect in assessing structural robustness. Current inspection methods are subjective, relying on the inspector's experience and mental focus. In this study, an ad hoc You  2 object detector was applied to automatically detect concrete cracks from real world images, which were taken from diverse concrete bridges and contaminated with handwriting scripts. A total of 3010 cropped images were used to generate the dataset, labelled for two different detection classes, that is, cracks and handwriting. The proposed network was then trained and tested using the generated image dataset. Three full scale images that contained disturbing background information were used to evaluate the robustness of the trained detector. The influence of labelling handwriting as an object class for network training on the overall crack detection accuracy was assessed as well. The results of this study show that the You  2 could automatically locate crack with bounding boxes from raw images, even with the presence of handwriting scripts. As a comparative study, the proposed network was also compared with faster region based convolutional neural network. The results showed that You  2 performed better in terms of both accuracy and inference speed.
Implementing Montessori Aspects in a Conventional High School Chemistry Classroom in India by Amala Rose Kalaparambil Augustine Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Education in Educational Leadership
Year: 2018

This thesis is a first step to my vision of combining alternative as well as traditional educational approaches within a high school chemistry conventional classroom in my home province, Kerala, India. The study explores the different aspects of an alternative educational approach, namely, the Montessori system, which can be implemented in a traditional high school chemistry classroom within its limits. The answers for the research questions, "What are the aspects of the Montessori system that can be implemented in a conventional classroom?" and "How is it possible to implement Montessori aspects in a conventional classroom?" were established through interviewing experienced Montessori teachers. The paper also analyses the high school sample chemistry topics in which these aspects could be implemented and explores learning materials that could be used in a classroom. A sample lesson plan that portrays the theme of the paper has been demonstrated in the last chapter. The study foresees the opportunity for a passionate teacher to actively engage students in a high school chemistry classroom, thereby nurturing students' learning. COMBINING MONTESSORI IN CONVENTIONAL CLASSROOM 5 Table of
Chitosan Ameliorates DSS Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function and Improving Microflora
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences
Year: 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been identified as one of the inflammatory diseases. Intestinal mucosal barrier function and microflora play major roles in UC. Modified chitosan products have been consumed as effective and safe drugs to treat UC. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of chitosan (CS) on intestinal microflora and intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. KM (Kunming) mice received water/CS (250, 150 mg/kg) for 5 days, and then received 3% DSS for 5 days to induce UC. Subsequently, CS (250, 150 mg/kg) was administered daily for 5 days. Clinical signs, body weight, colon length, and histological changes were recorded. Alterations of intestinal microflora were analyzed by PCR DGGE, expressions of TNF a and tight junction proteins were detected by Western blotting. CS showed a significant effect against UC by the increased body weight and colon length, decreased DAI (disease activity index) and histological injury scores, and alleviated histopathological changes. CS reduced the expression of TNF a, promoted the expressions of tight junction proteins such as claudin 1, occludin, and ZO 1 to maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier function for attenuating UC in mice. Furthermore, Parabacteroides, Blautia, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella were dominant organisms in the intestinal tract. Blautia and Lactobacillus decreased with DSS treatment, but increased obviously with CS treatment. This is the first time that the effect of original CS against UC in mice has been reported and it is through promoting dominant intestinal microflora such as Blautia, mitigating intestinal microflora dysbiosis, and regulating the expressions of TNF a, claudin 1, occludin, and ZO 1. CS can be developed as an effective food and health care product for the prevention and treatment of UC.
Digital divide, skills and perceptions on digitalisation in the European Union Towards a smart labour market
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2020

The new technologies, the digitalisation of processes and automation of work will change the manner of doing business, working and living. The effects of digitalisation on the economy, society and quality of life imply significant challenges of the labour market. All the participants will be concerned: authorities, companies and ordinary people. The objective of this research is to analyse the perceptions of the EU citizens about digitalisation and to highlight the differences among specific socio demographic groups. The analysis is grounded on a composite methodology, comprising several statistical and econometric methods that provide scientific support to achieved conclusions: statistical analysis (with the primary goal to shed light on the EU citizens' perceptions about their digital technology skills) TwoStep Cluster Analysis (TSCA) (with the purpose to identify the 'digital vulnerable groups' and then the 'digital vulnerable countries' in terms of the exposure to digital divide) and logistic regression (with the main aim to quantify the impact of the relevant factors on citizens' perceptions about digitalisation) We identified a group of respondents evaluating themselves as having meagre digital skills, very afraid that robots could steal their jobs and with low usage of the internet. They are elderly, with a low level of education, manual workers or not working, with a relatively low level of income and little Internet use. The originality of our approach is given by the fact that we focused on investigating if digital divide leads to the creation of vulnerable groups (citizens and/or countries) and if there are specific patterns in terms of the perception on being skilled in the use of digital technologies in daily life or at work and of the understanding that robots replace human on the labour market. We aim to find relevant factors for the labour market to assume targeted measures that should be taken for a better match of supply and demand on the labour market and for creating a smart labour market. It is highly needed to increase the people's confidence in their skills level and to make the most of digitalisation of the societies. The results show consistent patterns in term of socio demographic characteristics and perception towards digitalisation. The latter will have a meaningful impact on the economy and the society in the European Union in the next period. That is why a positive attitude towards digitalisation is essential for transforming this relatively new challenge into an excellent opportunity for the future.
CONDUTIVIDADE ELETRICA NA AVALIACAO DA QUALIDADE FISIOLOGICA DE SEMENTES DE SORGO SACARINO
Venue: Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo
Year: 2019

Estudos tem mostrado que o teste de germinacao nem sempre revela diferencas na qualidade fisiologicaentre lotes de sementes, sendo necessaria a complementacao dos resultados com os testes de vigor, e, dentre eles,destaca se o de condutividade eletrica, por ser considerado rapido, simples e confiavel. Objetivou se no presente trabalhoidentificar um trinomio constituido por volume, temperatura e tempo de embebicao que possibilite o ranqueamentoentre lotes a partir do teste de condutividade eletrica. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramentecasualizado, distribuido em parcelas subdivididas com tres temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 degC) x quatro lotes (L1, L2, L3 eL4) x sete periodos de embebicao (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 horas) e embebidas em dois volumes de agua (50 e 75 mL).A temperatura consistia na parcela, os tempos de embebicao como as subparcelas e os lotes como sub subparcelas,com quatro repeticoes por tratamento. O teste de condutividade eletrica mostra se eficiente na diferenciacao de lotes desementes sorgo sacarino. Para a conducao do teste de condutividade eletrica, recomenda se a embebicao das sementesna temperatura de 30 degC por 12 horas utilizando o volume de 50 mL de agua.Palavras chave: Sorghum bicolor, germinacao, potencial fisiologico, vigor.ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE EVALUATION OF THEPHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SORGHUM SEEDSABSTRACT Studies have shown that the germination test does not always reveal differences in the physiologicalquality between seed lots, and it is necessary to complement the results with the vigor tests, among which the electricalconductivity is outstanding, since it is considered fast, simple and trustworthy. The objective of this work was toidentify a trinomial consisting of volume, temperature and imbibition time that allows the ranking between batchesfrom the electrical conductivity test. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, distributed insubdivided plots with three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 oC) x four lots (L1, L2, L3 and L4) x seven periods of rainfall(2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours) and soaked in two volumes of water (50 and 75 ml) The temperature consisted of theplot, the imbibition times as the sub plots and the lots as sub sub plots, with four replicates per treatment. The electricalconductivity test was efficient in the differentiation of lots of sorghum seeds. To perform the electrical conductivitytest it is recommended to soak the seeds at a temperature of 30 oC for 12 hours using the volume of 50 mL of water. Sorghum bicolor, germination, physiological potential, vigor.
Nurturing Community Engagement in Coastal Erosion Risk Management in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
Year: 2020

The coastal areas in Peninsular Malaysia have been experiencing immense coastal erosion issues. The government executed many initiatives to reduce coastal erosion and damages. This study aims at examining the local community's beliefs and role in protecting their coastal areas. Pantai Jeram and Pantai Remis became the case study, and a questionnaire survey using purposive sampling was conducted involving 212 respondents. A focus group discussion was also operated. Results demonstrated severe damage to the coastal area and revealed the awareness of the residents and their willingness to participate in community engagement programs. Coastal Zone; Coastal Erosion; Coastal Risk Management;   and cE Bs (Centre for Environment Behaviour Studies) Faculty of Architecture, Planning Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
An Efficient Implementation of a TAGE Branch Predictor for Soft Processors on FPGA
Venue: 2019 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Many core Systems on Chip (MCSoC)
Year: 2019

Soft processors are becoming a common component on reconfigurable computing like FPGA. For some accelerators, custom logic functions are implemented as processing elements besides the soft processor. Since the resources in FPGA are fixed and limited, it is desired to implement the soft processor with less logical resources as possible. One of the important parts of the processor is an instruction fetch unit whose performance is dependent on branch prediction. Conventional branch predictors like bimodal or gshare are simple to implement but their prediction accuracy is not good enough. On the other hand, TAGE branch predictor has better prediction accuracy but contains complex logic path for branch prediction, which results in the lower operating frequency. In this paper, we propose a branch predictor called pTAGE, which has almost the same prediction accuracy as TAGE and avoids becoming the critical path of the processor. The branch prediction of pTAGE is pipelined, so prediction result is available on each clock cycle. We implement gshare, TAGE, and pTAGE, respectively in Verilog HDL and evaluate their operating frequency and prediction rate based on FPGA implementation. In this result, pTAGE has almost the same prediction rate as TAGE and 1.41 times higher operating frequency than that of TAGE. Also, we evaluate the performance by varying the latency for updating branch prediction, and the evaluation result shows that pTAGE exhibits higher performance in deep pipelined processors than gshare.
Organizacja obiektow wiedzy menedzerskiej w systemach nauczania na odleglosc
Year: 2015

Nauczanie na odleglosc stalo sie podstawa funkcjonowania spoleczenstwa informacyjnego. Bez niego trudno dzisiaj wyobrazic sobie procesy ksztalcenia. Jesli dodatkowo bedziemy mieli do czynienia z ksztalceniem na poziomie menedzerskim, nalezy pamietac o szybkiej deprecjacji wiedzy. Efektywnosc nauczania na odleglosc mozna poprawic stosujac obiekty wiedzy. Obiekty wiedzy pozwola na szybka adaptacje do zmieniajacego sie otoczenia ze wzgledu na miejsce i czas. W artykule zostanie omowiona organizacja obiektow wiedzy menedzerskiej w systemach nauczania na odleglosc.
Income Disparity among Persons with Disabilities, Assessed by Education and Sex: Accentuated Gender Difference Found in Metro Manila, the Philippines
Year: 2015

type="main" How do persons with disabilities (PWDs) earn a living? This paper presents an investigation of the economic activities of PWDs in the Philippines, where, among developing countries, disability related legislation is relatively progressive. In 2008, a field survey was conducted in cooperation with Disability People's Organizations using a tailor made questionnaire in Metro Manila. The explanatory variables of income of PWDs were examined using Mincer regression. The conclusions are as follows. (1) There is remarkable income disparity among PWDs, differing with education and sex. (2) After controlling for PWDs' characteristics, it was found that female PWDs are likely to earn less than male PWDs. Such a significant income gap between men and women among PWDs is remarkable in the Philippines, where gender difference in income is generally small. This finding suggests that female PWDs are doubly disadvantaged in earning income.