nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Venture Capital's Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn
Year: 2020

Venture capital is associated with some of the most high growth and influential firms in the world. Academics and practitioners have effectively articulated the strengths of the venture model. At the same time, venture capital financing also has real limitations in its ability to advance substantial technological change. Three issues are particularly concerning to us: 1) the very narrow band of technological innovations that fit the requirements of institutional venture capital investors; 2) the relatively small number of venture capital investors who hold, and shape the direction of, a substantial fraction of capital that is deployed into financing radical technological change; and 3) the relaxation in recent years of the intense emphasis on corporate governance by venture capital firms. While our ability to assess the social welfare impact of venture capital remains nascent, we hope that this article will stimulate discussion of and research into these questions.
Understanding the Global Energy Crisis
Year: 2014

Central issues in global energy are discussed through interdisciplinary dialogue between experts from both North America and Europe with overview from historical, political, and socio cultural perspectives, outlining the technology and policy issues facing the development of major conventional and renewable energy sources. We are facing a global energy crisis caused by world population growth, an escalating increase in demand, and continued dependence on fossil based fuels for generation. It is widely accepted that increases in greenhouse gas concentration levels, if not reversed, will result in major changes to world climate with consequential effects on our society and economy. This is just the kind of intractable problem that Purdue University's Global Policy Research Institute seeks to address in the Purdue Studies in Public Policy series by promoting the engagement between policy makers and experts in fields such as engineering and technology. Major steps forward in the development and use of technology are required. In order to achieve solutions of the required scale and magnitude within a limited timeline, it is essential that engineers be not only technologically adept but also aware of the wider social and political issues that policy makers face. Likewise, it is also imperative that policy makers liaise closely with the academic community in order to realize advances. This book is designed to bridge the gap between these two groups, with a particular emphasis on educating the socially conscious engineers and technologists of the future. In this accessibly written volume, central issues in global energy are discussed through interdisciplinary dialogue between experts from both North America and Europe. The first section provides an overview of the nature of the global energy crisis approached from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives. In the second section, expert contributors outline the technology and policy issues facing the development of major conventional and renewable energy sources. The third and final section explores policy and technology challenges and opportunities in the distribution and consumption of energy, in sectors such as transportation and the built environment. The book's epilogue suggests some future scenarios in energy distribution and use. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
Research Article Comparative study of efficacy of Ayurvedic Appetizer formulations in experimental animals
Year: 2012

Digestants are group of herbs that remove food stagnation and improve digestion. They are mainly indicated for abdominal distension, indigestion and poor appetite as well as belching, acid regurgitation, nausea and vomiting. Most of these herbs contain lipase, amylase and vitamin B. Pharmacologically these drugs have digestant effects.Liv 52 was introduced in 1955 by Himalaya Herbal Healthcare. Liv 52 restores the functional efficiency of the Liver by protecting the hepatic parenchyma and promoting hepatocellular regeneration. Livomyn is a Charak pharma ayurvedic product for stimulating Liver functions as well as to correct any Liver pathlogy. It helps in conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and jaundice due to multiple causes. The effects of different ayurvedic appetizer formulations in experimental animals was studied and found that The amount of food eaten by the animals in each group (as per day average) was noted down and thus an increase in appetite was calculated. The results of standard and test drugs were comparable. Besides studying the increase in appetite by calculating the amount of food intake in 24 hours, another observation was made in which the amount of food eaten by each animal individually in 6 hours after dosing was reported. The mice were kept in individual separate cages for 6 hours post dosing and provided with pre weighed amount of food Thus percentage increase in food intake was calculated and subjected to statistical analysis which revealed a statistically significant difference between test drug groups and control. The results of standard and test groups were comparable.
CPT Based Method for the Installation of Suction Caissons in Sand
Year: 2009

A CPT based method is presented for estimating the self weight penetration and suction required during the installation of suction caissons in medium dense to dense sand. Existing methods, although fundamental in nature, suffer from the difficulty in estimating key input parameters such as an appropriate bearing factor for the tip resistance and frictional coefficients for skirt friction. Instead, the proposed method is based directly on the cone resistance profile, starting with the Det norske Veritas approach for calculating the installation resistance of skirted foundations. The approach is modified to include a simple linear reduction in end bearing on the skirt tips and internal friction with the level of suction, with those components of resistance assumed to reduce to zero once the suction reaches the critical level corresponding to hydraulic failure of the soil plug. The method is coupled with a seepage model so that, for a given pumping rate, the penetration and corresponding resistance can both be expressed as a function of time. Results of calculations with this complete model are shown to compare well with data from centrifuge model tests and with published data from suction caisson installations.
The formation of satellite droplets in micro devices due to the rupture of neck filament
Year: 2020

Formation of satellite droplets during drop formation or breakup leads to an increment of polydispersity of emulsion and runs contrary to the original intention of microfluidics. Thus, more attention is needed to shed light on the mechanism of satellite droplets formation to alleviate polydispersity. In this work, we studied the satellite droplet formation process in microfluidic flow focusing junction and T junction with capillary number Ca mcuc/s in a range of 0.039 0.32. The formation of satellite droplets during the thinning of neck filament was recorded by high speed camera. Using self written programs, the evolution of the minimal width, the volume of and the length of neck filament were analyzed to understand the satellite formation process. It was found that before final pinch off, liquid neck expriences four different thinning regimes. There is a critical length Lc mcmd/srd during the evolution of the neck thinning processes. When the neck width is less than the critical length, the thinning processes always experience the transition from rapid shrinking to slow shrinking facilitating the formation of satellite droplets.
The Jigsaw continuous sensing engine for mobile phone applications
Venue: SenSys '10
Year: 2010

Supporting continuous sensing applications on mobile phones is challenging because of the resource demands of long term sensing, inference and communication algorithms. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of the Jigsaw continuous sensing engine, which balances the performance needs of the application and the resource demands of continuous sensing on the phone. Jigsaw comprises a set of sensing pipelines for the accelerometer, microphone and GPS sensors, which are built in a plug and play manner to support: i) resilient accelerometer data processing, which allows inferences to be robust to different phone hardware, orientation and body positions; ii) smart admission control and on demand processing for the microphone and accelerometer data, which adaptively throttles the depth and sophistication of sensing pipelines when the input data is low quality or uninformative; and iii) adaptive pipeline processing, which judiciously triggers power hungry pipeline stages (e.g. sampling the GPS) taking into account the mobility and behavioral patterns of the user to drive down energy costs. We implement and evaluate Jigsaw on the Nokia N95 and the Apple iPhone, two popular smartphone platforms, to demonstrate its capability to recognize user activities and perform long term GPS tracking in an energy efficient manner.
Energy level tuned indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films for efficient photovoltaics
Venue: Nature Communications
Year: 2018

We introduce indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films for photovoltaic devices, fabricated by two step surface modification. Native ligands and unwanted oxides on the surface are peeled off followed by passivating with incoming atomic or short ligands. The near infrared absorbing n type indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films can be tuned in energy level positions up to 0.4 eV depending on the surface chemistry, and consequently, they boost collection efficiency when used in various emerging solar cells. As an example, we demonstrate p n junction between n type indium arsenide and p type lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot layers, which leads to a favorable electronic band alignment and charge extraction from both colloidal quantum dot layers. A certified power conversion efficiency of 7.92% is achieved without additionally supporting carrier transport layers. This study provides richer materials to explore for high efficiency emerging photovoltaics and will broaden research interest for various optoelectronic applications using the n type covalent nanocrystal arrays.Existing n type colloidal quantum dot materials easily lose their doping polarity in air. Here Song et al. passivate the reactive covalent surface of indium arsenide quantum dots to gain the energy level tunability and show p n junction type solar cells with 7.92% certified efficiency.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of tooth morphology among dental students
Year: 2015

Dental anatomy is one of the basic subjects of dental schools in India while dealt as a specialty on its own abroad. The training imparted to hone the manual skills has paved way to meet the clinical challenges. However, different schools of thought arise whether to retain or ban the dental anatomy subject for future graduates.  To assess the comprehensive skills and application of tooth morphology among dental students.  (1) To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of tooth morphology in undergraduates (UGs) interns and postgraduates (PGs) (2) to evaluate the differences if any, in the knowledge, attitude and practice of tooth morphology between UGs, interns and PG.  A descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken using an 18 item self administered questionnaire among UGs, interns and PGs of dental colleges in Bengaluru. A total of 303 student responses were received. Analysis of data was done using SPSS (version 20) software.  There was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge P 0.005) and practice (P 0.003) of tooth morphology between the three groups, i.e. PG, interns and UGs. The difference in the knowledge P 0.001) and practice (P 0.001) of tooth morphology between PGs and UGs was observed. A significant difference was obtained only in the knowledge (P 0.038) of tooth morphology between interns and UGs.  We recommend that tooth morphology should remain as a fundamental subject in the dental curriculum in combination with web based learning aids to improve the learning experience. The curriculum may be revised incorporating research in the fundamental subject to give broader career options to the young graduates.
Parallel Property Checking with Symbolic Execution
Venue: SEKE
Year: 2018

Systematically checking code against functional correctness properties is costly, especially for complex code annotated with rich behavioral properties. This paper introduces a novel approach to checking properties in parallel using symbolic execution. Our approach partitions a check for the whole set of properties into multiple simpler sub checks each sub check focusing on a single property, so that different properties are checked in parallel among multiple workers. Furthermore, each sub check is guided by the checked property to avoid exploring irrelevant paths and is prioritized based on distances towards the checked property to provide early feedback. We implement our approach in Symbolic PathFinder, and experiments on systematically checking assertions in Java programs show the effectiveness of our approach.
Surface chemistry dominated underwater superoleophobic mesh with mussel inspired zwitterionic coatings for oil/water separation and self cleaning
Venue: Applied Surface Science
Year: 2019

Mussel inspired surface modification has been received great attention due to the universal adhesive properties of catechols for fabrication of multifunctional coatings, especially for gluing hydrophilic polymers to fabricate underwater superoleophobic materials utilizing in oil/water separation. Despite the extensive research carried out on this topic, the similarity and discrepancy between catecholamine and catecholic amino acid on surface modification and post functionalization have not been fully addressed yet. In this work, underwater superoleophobic surfaces have been successfully developed by a two step dip coating method with mussel inspired coatings and subsequent zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) grafting onto stainless steel meshes and used in oil/water separation. Here, dopamine and 3,4 dihydroxy L phenylalanine were both served as mussel adhesives. More specifically, small molecule zwitterion rather than polyzwitterion was functionalized onto mussel inspired coatings to minimize the effect of surface topography on surface wettability. The modified surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements to observe the surface morphology, estimate the surface roughness, and evaluate the wettability, respectively. It showed that SBMA modified meshes with polydopamine (PDA) or poly(3,4 dihydroxy L phenylalanine) (PDOPA) layer possessed quite different surface roughness, while both presented excellent oil repellency in water with underwater oil contact angles of 153deg 160deg, indicating a less dependence on surface roughness. Although by using the small molecule as the hydrophilic functionalized groups, the as prepared meshes exhibited good self cleaning and oil/water separation performance (separation efficiency >98% for hexane and >97% for soybean oil) and outstanding recyclability with 98% separation efficiency after 30 cycles. This method provides insight into different properties of polycatechols and simplifies the fabrication process through the use of small molecule zwitterion rather than zwitterionic polymer. Besides, the modified meshes also exhibited excellent stability for long term use. The resulting underwater superoleophobicity and robust self cleaning ability promise an ideal candidate for oil/water separation and oil contamination restriction.
Progress in modification of sunflower oil to expand its industrial value.
Venue: Journal of the science of food and agriculture
Year: 2017

Increasing the sunflower seed oil content as well as improving its quality makes it compatible for industrial demands. This is an important breeding objective of sunflower which increases its market value and ensures high returns for the producers. The present review focuses on determining the progress of improving sunflower seed oil content and modifying its quality by empirical and advanced molecular breeding methods. It is known that the sunflower oil content and quality have been altered through empirical selection methods and mutation breeding programmes in various parts of the world. Further improvement in seed oil content and its components (such as phytosterols, tocopherols and modified fatty acid profile) has been slowed down due to low genetic variation in elite germplasm and complex of hereditary traits. Introgression from wild species can be carried out to modify the fatty acids profile and tocopherol contents with linkage drags. Different transgenes introduced through biotechnological methods may produce novel long chain fatty acids within sunflower oil. Bio engineering of sunflower oil could allow it to be used in diverse industrial products such as bio diesel or bio plastics. These results showed that past and current trends of modifying sunflower oil quality are essential for its further expansion as an oilseed crop.
Heat, Greed and Human Need: Climate Change, Capitalism and Sustainable Wellbeing
Year: 2017

"This exceptional book considers how far catastrophic global warming can be averted in an economic system that is greedy for growth, without worsening deprivation and inequality. The satisfaction of human needs as opposed to wants is the only viable measure for negotiating trade offs between climate change, capitalism and human wellbeing, now and in the future. The author critically examines the political economy of capitalism and offers a long term, interdisciplinary analysis of the prospects for keeping the rise in global temperatures below two degrees, while also improving equity and social justice. A three stage transition is proposed with useful practical policies. First, `green growth' cut carbon emissions from production across the world. Second, `recompose' patterns of consumption in the rich world, cutting high energy luxuries in favour of low energy routes to meeting basic needs. Third, because the first two are perilously insufficient, move towards an economy that flourishes without growth. Heat, Greed and Human Need is vital for researchers and students of the environment, public and social policy, economics, political theory and development studies. For those advocating political, social and environmental reform this book presents excellent practical eco social policies to achieve both sustainable consumption and social justice."
Implementation of Postmethod Pedagogy as an Alternative to Communicative Language Teaching at the Tertiary Level Education
Year: 2020

Along with the subsequent development in the field of English Language Teaching, the idea of methods has been criticized for not being sensitive to the contextual factors and also for being imperialistic in nature. The linguistic and cultural dimensions of archetypal methods establish the culture and language of the native speakers as the only erudite variety by promoting monoculturalism and monolingualism. Furthermore, even in Bangladesh, it can be seen that CLT has been applied as a method to teach English as a foreign/second language since the mid nineties, but it has not brought any significant changes. Therefore, to overcome the obstacles and limitations experienced by the application of the prototypical methods, the notion of postmethod pedagogy has been introduced which focuses on the significance of contextualized materials to bring authenticity in English language classrooms, which in turn ensures learners' motivation and successful intake of the lesson. At the same time, it also emphasizes the importance of teacher and learner autonomy. Hence, this research paper explores the scopes of the implementation of postmethod pedagogy and its effectiveness at the tertiary level English language classrooms in Bangladesh.
Threads unwoven politics, indigenous knowledge, ethnic identity, and community based cultural ecological conservation in ethnic rural regions, southwest China a case study of Tujia brocade
Year: 2014

By using Tujia brocade, a piece of indigenous cloth woven by ethnic Tujia girls in southwestern China, as a metaphor, this dissertation examines the correlation between Tujia indigenous knowledge and national political economic impact. It accentuates the significance of community based indigenous knowledge preservation with support of new born indigenous farmer cooperatives as it relates to livelihood improvement in ethnic minority communities. I put forward the proposition that it is necessary to rethink the controversial development model in ethnic minority regions within the context of a national political economic misappropriation. Modernized economic integration, specifically GDP driven industrialization and rural urbanization, has caused changes in community structure, social cultural life, and the ethnic identities of Tujia and many other ethnic groups in southwestern China. This ultimately undermines natural resources, customary materials and tribal beliefs in ethnic rural regions. The changing situation of this Tujia brocade, from a life time practice into being forsaken, reveals an underprivileged present as well as an unclear future for these ethnic peoples and their cultures. While examining the Tujia brocade and Tujia society from a cultural, anthropological and political perspective, the proposition of this thesis may be quite divergent from many contemporary attitudes focusing on modernization. In contrast, with a concern for indigenous knowledge, especially its survival, continuation and sustainability, the purpose of this project was an attempt to view approaches to ethnic rural livelihood improvement from the standpoint of community based, native, social cultural preservation.
Evidence based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: Revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Venue: Journal of psychopharmacology
Year: 2016

The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines specify the scope and targets of treatment for bipolar disorder. The third version is based explicitly on the available evidence and presented, like previous Clinical Practice Guidelines, as recommendations to aid clinical decision making for practitioners: it may also serve as a source of information for patients and carers, and assist audit. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the corresponding evidence. A consensus meeting, involving experts in bipolar disorder and its treatment, reviewed key areas and considered the strength of evidence and clinical implications. The guidelines were drawn up after extensive feedback from these participants. The best evidence from randomized controlled trials and, where available, observational studies employing quasi experimental designs was used to evaluate treatment options. The strength of recommendations has been described using the GRADE approach. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, clinical management, and strategies for the use of medicines in short term treatment of episodes, relapse prevention and stopping treatment. The use of medication is integrated with a coherent approach to psychoeducation and behaviour change.