nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Stakeholders in Improving Management Practices of Urban Green Infrastructure in Southern Ethiopia
Year: 2020

The participation of stakeholders in managing the urban environment can help to enhance environmental sustainability. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of stakeholders in the management practices of urban green infrastructure (UGI) in Southern Ethiopia. Key informant interviews, focus group discussion and a structured questionnaire survey were used to collect data from stakeholders. The majority of the respondents confirmed that beautification, shading and cooling effects, storm water management, and reduced land degradation are the main reasons to develop and manage UGI. However, there is a significant variation among urban centres in the participation of stakeholders and local communities in the management of UGI, and engagement is generally limited due to lack of awareness and an effective legal framework; the lack of good governance and transparency in decision making; and poor coordination and stakeholder mobilization. The research suggests that multi stakeholder involvement and interconnected decision making is needed for UGI at all levels to ensure the sustainable improvement of the urban environment.
Jovenes como sujetos sociales en construccion de paz desde contextos escolares
Year: 2017

Abordar a los jovenes como sujetos sociales en procesos de construccion de paz en contextos escolares resulta de gran importancia, en la medida en que es un espacio para empoderar a los jovenes en el fomento de una cultura de paz, a partir de las interacciones presentes en las dinamicas de las aulas de clase. Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo visibilizar las esperanzas y los temores frente al proceso de paz en Colombia, a fin de generar acciones de transformacion en la construccion de una cultura de paz en contextos escolares, con la participacion de estudiantes de grado noveno de una institucion educativa del departamento de Cundinamarca. Para ello se opto por un enfoque cualitativo, basado en la investigacion accion participacion (IAP) Se utilizaron como instrumentos para la recoleccion de la informacion el protocolo de esperanzas y temores, las rutinas de pensamiento color, simbolo, imagen y "antes pensaba. ahora pienso" El estudio permitio desarrollar acciones pedagogicas de aula con un grupo de jovenes, desde las esperanzas y temores que tenian los estudiantes frente al proceso de paz en Colombia.
Gender differences in the association of smartphone use with the vitality and mental health of adolescent students
Venue: Journal of American college health J of ACH
Year: 2018

The present study examined variations in the degree of smartphone use behavior among male and female adolescents as well as the association between various degrees of smartphone use behavior and the vitality and mental health of each gender.  A total of 218 adolescents were recruited from a junior college in September 2014.  All the participants were asked to answer questionnaires on smartphone use.  The findings showed that adolescent females as compared with adolescent males exhibited significantly higher degrees of smartphone dependence and smartphone influence. Positive correlations were observed between the duration of smartphone use on weekends and the vitality/mental health of the male adolescents; negative correlations were found between smartphone dependence and the vitality/mental health of males.  The findings demonstrate that adolescent females are deeply affected by their smartphone use. Smartphone dependence may decrease the vitality and mental health of male adolescents.
How can we maximize nursing students' learning about research evidence and utilization in undergraduate, preregistration programmes? A discussion paper.
Venue: Journal of advanced nursing
Year: 2012

This article presents a discussion on how to maximize nursing students' learning about research for evidence based practice in undergraduate, preregistration programmes.  Evidence based practice may use information from many sources, including research. Research utilization concerns the translation of research findings into practice. Thus, while evidence base practice may not be solely research based and hence more than research utilization, research remains an important ingredient in ensuring quality and cost effective care and an academic requirement for nursing students undertaking a science degree level qualification. Nevertheless, how educators can best support research related learning and application remains uncertain and requires discussion.  MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Science Citation Index, British Nursing Index, and Intute were searched for papers published 1980 2011 using the following search terms: research, research utilization, evidence based practice, learning, teaching, education, training, nursing, health, and social care.  Nursing students need to be able to value the relevance, authority, and utility of nursing research for patient care through embedding research learning in both academic and practice based settings. Students can be supported in learning how to access, understand, and appraise the authority of research through weaving these skills into enquiry based learning. Furthermore, encouraging students to undertake research based practice change projects can support research utilization and development skills.  Research should be fully embedded throughout nursing curricula beyond the confines of 'research classes' integrating learning in academic and practice based settings. Although this requires synergistic and integrated support of student learning by nurse educators, managers, clinical practitioners, researchers and policymakers; nurse educators have a pivotal role.
GRU ODE Bayes: Continuous modeling of sporadically observed time series
Venue: NeurIPS
Year: 2019

Modeling real world multidimensional time series can be particularly challenging when these are sporadically observed (i.e. sampling is irregular both in time and across dimensions) such as in the case of clinical patient data. To address these challenges, we propose (1) a continuous time version of the Gated Recurrent Unit, building upon the recent Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Chen et al. 2018) and (2) a Bayesian update network that processes the sporadic observations. We bring these two ideas together in our GRU ODE Bayes method. We then demonstrate that the proposed method encodes a continuity prior for the latent process and that it can exactly represent the Fokker Planck dynamics of complex processes driven by a multidimensional stochastic differential equation. Additionally, empirical evaluation shows that our method outperforms the state of the art on both synthetic data and real world data with applications in healthcare and climate forecast. What is more, the continuity prior is shown to be well suited for low number of samples settings.
Are Convolutional Neural Networks or Transformers more like human vision?
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Modern machine learning models for computer vision exceed humans in accuracy on specific visual recognition tasks, notably on datasets like ImageNet. However, high accuracy can be achieved in many ways. The particular decision function found by a machine learning system is determined not only by the data to which the system is exposed, but also the inductive biases of the model, which are typically harder to characterize. In this work, we follow a recent trend of in depth behavioral analyses of neural network models that go beyond accuracy as an evaluation metric by looking at patterns of errors. Our focus is on comparing a suite of standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and a recently proposed attention based network, the Vision Transformer (ViT) which relaxes the translation invariance constraint of CNNs and therefore represents a model with a weaker set of inductive biases. Attentionbased networks have previously been shown to achieve higher accuracy than CNNs on vision tasks, and we demonstrate, using new metrics for examining error consistency with more granularity, that their errors are also more consistent with those of humans. These results have implications both for building more human like vision models, as well as for understanding visual object recognition in humans.
Challenge of Implementing Balanced Scorecard Strategy in Saudi Arabia
Year: 2017

A balanced scorecard (BSC) is ideally created through a shared understanding and translation of an organisation's strategy into objectives, measures, targets, and initiatives in each of four scorecard perspectives. However, BSC implementation is not without challenges. This study is an exploratory investigation into the BSC implementation and the critical factors addressed in the real world. This research attempts to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) of BSC implementation in organisations that have already implemented it. A survey research method based on quantitative technique was used, with a sample size of 250 candidates from five organisations. The study identifies 10 main critical factors that must be carefully considered in BSC implementation to achieve a successful project. This study highlights that BSC perspectives, top management support, the BSC team, clear mission, and strategy were viewed as the most critical success factors. The choice of perspectives for the organisation's BSC must adhere to what is necessary to execute the strategy and create a competitive advantage for the organisation. The BSC measures must be linked to the strategic objectives of the organisation. The BSC team has to be supported continuously by top management to enable them to sustain and maintain the BSC.
Applications of Dweck's Model of Implicit Theories to Teachers' Self Efficacy and Emotional Experiences.
Year: 2012

Title of Dissertation: Applications of Dweck's Model of Implicit Theories to Teachers' Self Efficacy and Emotional Experiences Alexis Ymon Williams, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Directed By: Professor Kathryn R. Wentzel Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology The current study explored Dweck's (1999; Dweck Leggett, 1988) model of implicit theories in the context of teaching in order to establish its usefulness for describing teachers' beliefs about students' ability and social behavior. Further it sought to explain the connections between teachers' implicit beliefs and their efficacy for instruction and classroom management, and their positive and negative emotional experiences. The factor structure of survey data for teachers in mid Atlantic school districts was examined to test for classes reflecting implicit and entity beliefs, or beliefs that student attributes are malleable or fixed and unchangeable. Given that previous work in other populations has reflected important connections between individuals' implicit theories, their cognitive and emotional functioning, and their interactions with others, the current study explored whether implicit theories have similar implications for teaching. The categorical distinction between entity and incremental theories was not supported in the analyses. Further analyses were conducted using structural equation models for implicit theories, efficacy, and emotional outcomes, including symptoms of burnout. Implicit theories were associated with efficacy such that tendencies toward incremental beliefs correlated with higher efficacy in well fitting models. Although implicit theories predicted emotional outcomes in some models such that incremental beliefs were associated with positive emotional outcomes, the effect of the implicit theory variable was not significant in models that included the efficacy variable. In these models, only efficacy was a significant predictor of emotions such that higher efficacy was associated with positive outcomes. Finally, the interaction between implicit theory and efficacy was not significant. These findings fail to support the theoretical connections between the two variables in the implicit theory framework, where low efficacy is expected to predict negative emotional outcomes in the presence of entity but not incremental theories. Instead, with respect to emotional outcomes, teaching self efficacy appeared to be a more salient predictor than studentdirected implicit theories of teachers' emotional experiences overall.
El modo de produccion capitalista en El Salvador 1978 2003.
Year: 2006

La presente investigacion, estudia el reajuste del modo de produccion salvadoreno, la liquidacion del modelo agroexportador por un nuevo modelo economico inestable y no esta definido cuales son las formas particulares de acumulacion de capital, y su interrelaciones dentro de la mundializacion. En el capitulo I, desarrollamos un enfoque teorico a partir de la economia politica marxista con matices de estructuralismo economico, sobre el modo de produccion, su concepto, elementos e interrelaciones dentro de la sociedad capitalista. En el capitulo II tratamos el desarrollo historico del Modo de Produccion Salvadoreno, desde la conquista economica, que conformo un "modo de produccion colonial" llegando a su descomposicion y muerte, de donde emerge la acumulacion originaria de capital que reproduce las relaciones capitalistas y evoluciona las fuerzas productivas. En el capitulo III, contemplamos la crisis del modo de produccion y su proceso de recomposicion y ajuste. Indagamos los cambios que ha sufrido las relaciones de produccion y las fuerzas productivas entre 1978 2003 periodo historico de la lucha de clases en el pais, ya que rompe, y liquida el modelo agroexportador. Esto conlleva profundos cambios en las relaciones de propiedad de la tierra, del capital y del ingreso para consumir e invertir por las clases sociales; que se evidencia en los cambios registrados en la poblacion, en sus actividades, en su calidad de vida, en la produccion e ingresos generados y en el comercio exterior. En el capitulo IV, punteamos las conclusiones enfocadas a sintetizar los cambios mas importantes y matizar sus tendencias comprobando parcialmente nuestra hipotesis.
Traumatic Portrayal of Nativity and Post Colonial Cultural Hegemony in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart
Year: 2020

This study makes a traumatic portrayal of the ideology of cultural hegemony, being a part of post colonial literature studies. Chinua Achebe recounts the state of African clans by the British imperial and colonial powers, exploiting the native Africans for materialistic gain, annihilating their culture, religion and customs in the name of humanitarian agenda of the whites. A situation arises in Chinua Achebe?s Things Fall Apart in which things fall apart because the protagonist fails at the end to regain the culture all people shared once. The ?whites? have destroyed the fabric of African society, and subjugated an "inferior" native culture under a "superior" western one. Chinua Achebe witnessed abysmal dismissal of the African nativity being replaced by a foreign culture; a new religion, new traditions and new values. This paper examines how the white colonizers wove a cultural hegemony around the natives with the aim of establishing their colonial domination over them. The white man does this all, not by using military force, but by luring the tribesmen and the colonized clans to drift away from their native faith and values. The invaders use the clan?s own traditions against the clan in order to procure a permanent establishment for them in the village. The findings of this study reveal a binary cultural hegemony showing both consent and resistance for white man?s dominance.
On tobacco industry cultural appropriation
Venue: Tobacco Control
Year: 2009

The cover of this issue features Santa Claus images from the travelling exhibition, "Merry X Ray and A Happy New Lung: When Santa Sold Cigarettes" created by Alan Blum, Director of the University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society. Taken from popular magazines published in the US, these images feature Santa, one of the most ubiquitous symbols of the Christmas season, suggesting cigarettes as a gift certainly one that gave so many recipients and their families the "gift" of disease, suffering, premature death and much heartache. I am confident, however, that even in countries where Christmas is not celebrated so widely or at all, we could find examples linking cigarettes or other tobacco products with numerous respected or revered symbols and images. Such examples illustrate cultural appropriation, which in marketing involves the exploitation of culturally significant images, activities, practices and values to sell products. An important concept in cultural appropriation is the idea of a cultural "invader" According to one writer, "Invaders arrive without warning, take whatever they want for use in whatever way they see fit. They destroy without thinking anything that appears
Partial Differential Equations is All You Need for Generating Neural Architectures A Theory for Physical Artificial Intelligence Systems
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

In this work, we generalize the reaction diffusion equation in statistical physics, Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics, Helmholtz equation in paraxial optics into the neural partial differential equations (NPDE) which can be considered as the fundamental equations in the field of artificial intelligence research. We take finite difference method to discretize NPDE for finding numerical solution, and the basic building blocks of deep neural network architecture, including multi layer perceptron, convolutional neural network and recurrent neural networks, are generated. The learning strategies, such as Adaptive moment estimation, L BFGS, pseudoinverse learning algorithms and partial differential equation constrained optimization, are also presented. We believe it is of significance that presented clear physical image of interpretable deep neural networks, which makes it be possible for applying to analog computing device design, and pave the road to physical artificial intelligence.
N/S doped highly porous magnetic carbon aerogel derived from sugarcane bagasse cellulose for the removal of bisphenol A.
Venue: International journal of biological macromolecules
Year: 2019

In this study, highly porous N/S doped magnetic carbon aerogel (N/S MCA) was successfully fabricated using sugarcane bagasse based cellulose and used for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution. The fabricated N/S MCA nanocomposite derived from cellulose was characterized by various analytical techniques and supports the formation of the N/S MCA in good yield and high purity. The batch adsorption studies were used for the adsorption of BPA onto N/S MCA. The maximum removal of the BPA (98 99% by the N/S MCA was noted at pH 7, temperature 343 K, and initial BPA concentration of 100 ppm. The adsorption process followed pseudo second order reaction kinetics, as well as Langmuir isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption (the Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy) supported the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The results revealed that the mechanism on the synergistic adsorption between N/S doped magnetic carbon aerogel and BPA will therefore be an important guideline to design a carbon based adsorbent for high efficient adsorption of environmental pollutants.
Nutritional value and organoleptic evaluation of mushroom powder fortified Indian recipe: Besan laddu.
Year: 2014

Mushroom one of natures greatest wonder foods has already found its place of pride in the kitchens of the educated and the elite all over the world. In India it is yet to be commonly used by all and sundry in everyday meals. Mushrooms are highly nutritive, low calorie food with good quality protein, vitamins and minerals which are of paramount importance in the present age. Mushrooms are an important natural source of foods and medicines. A wide range of activities including antitumour, cardio vascular are reported in mushrooms. Because of having high fibre, low fat and low starch, edible mushrooms have been considered to be ideal food for obese persons and for diabetics. They are also known to possess promising, cardio vascular, hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, hepato protective and anticancer effects. Biochemical analysis of prepared product revealed that T 4 (20% mushroom (oyster mushroom) fortified laddus contained high amount of protein and fibre, low fat and carbohydrate than control sample and organoleptic evaluation of prepared laddus revealed that T 3 (15% fortification of mushroom powder in besan laddus was liked very much. The fortified laddus had better quality with respect to nutritive value and organoleptic acceptability.
Co design for a Competency Self assessment Chatbot and Survey in Science Education
Venue: HCI
Year: 2020

This paper describes a co design process for a formative assessment tool in the area of core competencies such as creativity, communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. This process has been carried out in the context of non formal science education institutions in 19 countries in Europe and the Middle East. The results of the co design have been influential in the design of a formative assessment chatbot and survey that supports learner competency and self regulation. We also discuss some preliminary results from the use of the tool and introduce additional considerations with regard to inclusion, technical aspects, and ethics, towards a set of best practices in this area.
Irisin and FGF21 are cold induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans.
Venue: Cell metabolism
Year: 2014

Rediscovery of cold activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans has boosted research interest in identifying BAT activators for metabolic benefits. Of particular interest are cytokines capable of fat browning. Irisin, derived from FNDC5, is an exercise induced myokine that drives brown fat like thermogenesis in murine white fat. Here we explored whether cold exposure is an afferent signal for irisin secretion in humans and compared it with FGF21, a brown adipokine in rodents. Cold exposure increased circulating irisin and FGF21. We found an induction of irisin secretion proportional to shivering intensity, in magnitude similar to exercise stimulated secretion. FNDC5 and/or FGF21 treatment upregulated human adipocyte brown fat gene/protein expression and thermogenesis in a depot specific manner. These results suggest exercise induced irisin secretion could have evolved from shivering related muscle contraction, serving to augment brown fat thermogenesis in concert with FGF21. Irisin mediated muscle adipose crosstalk may represent a thermogenic, cold activated endocrine axis that is exploitable in obesity therapeutics development.
Realization in Simulating of Young's Double Slit Interference Experiments
Year: 2008

In order to study the phenomenon of Young's double slit interference experiment,in the paper,we have simulated the experiment by using Matlab program.The results can display the interference pattern and distributing curve of intension under all conditions,and the corresponding interval of interference fringe and contrast can also be figured out simultaneously.When the incidence light is monochromatic or non monochromatic,the simulation results and the theoretical calculation are completely consistent.The drawings are delicate and distinct,which can help us to observe and analyze this experiment.The simulation makes the whole physical process objective,and which offers a new effective supplementary means for optical theory analysis and experiment teaching.