nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The COVID 19 Pandemic and Migrant Entrepreneurship: Responses to the market shock
Venue: Migration Letters
Year: 2021

The economic recession caused by the COVID 19 pandemic reinforced existing inequalities in the business market. Typically facing numerous structural constraints, during the ongoing crisis migrant entrepreneurs appear to be at greatly heightened risk. Applying Davidsson's and Gordon's (2016) classification of crisis responses to the realm of migrant entrepreneurship, the current article intends to shed some light on what coping strategies are used by self employed migrants when economic shocks arise. Four types of responses, namely, disengagement, delay, compensation, and adaptation, as well as their combination were identified in business practices of African entrepreneurs in Finland. The responses prove to be tightly linked to disrupted transnational business networks, limitations of technological solutions and restricted access to funding and assistance.
Selective use of political opportunity: a case of environmental protest in rural China
Year: 2017

This paper explores the selective and instrumental use of political opportunity in Chinese contentious politics through the study of a rural environmental protest. By considering the transmission of political opportunity through different levels of government, it also analyses the phenomenon of leakage of political opportunity. We argue that political opportunities can be divided into soft and hard types, which are weighted differently by activists. In the protest we examine, the villagers had various political opportunities at their disposal. They used them selectively, preferring the opportunities arising from changes to land policy, which were relatively hard and had a higher level of operability than environmental political opportunities despite their grievances being largely connected with environmental damage. The hard, land oriented opportunities, however, went through a process of leakage and then became merely symbolic, due to the local government's manipulation of policy implementation. However, although they were well aware that the symbolic political opportunities were not genuine, the protesters still acted as if they were real and exploited them instrumentally.
Using the STEM framework collegially for mentoring, peer learning and planning
Year: 2019

Effective professional learning communities are crucial for supporting and developing the practice and identity formation of beginning teachers. Professional networks facilitate collegial learning and continuous improvement of professional practice of all teachers, and are especially important for out of field teachers. Rural practice is characterised by professional isolation, the need to be a 'specialist generalist' and broad work and social networks that rarely include others working in a closely related professional specialisation.  Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) in rural schools is frequently taught by beginning or out of field teachers. Many rural schools therefore lack depth and breadth in their school based professional learning network to meet STEM teachers' needs. This paper reports findings from a research project, based upon a pragmatic qualitative design, in which teachers developed a framework to assist beginning and out of field, rural STEM teachers identify appropriate resources for their context. A qualitative evaluation of its trial suggests professional learning networks among schools can enhance the framework's effectiveness.
2 Static spherically symmetric black hole solutions in a
Year: 2018

The presence of axionic field can provide plausible explanation to several long standing problems in physics such as dark matter and dark energy. The pseudo scalar axion whose derivative corresponds to the Hodge dual of the Kalb Ramond field strength in four dimensions plays crucial roles in explaining several astrophysical and cosmological observations. Therefore, the detection of axionic hairs/KalbRamond field which appears as closed string excitations in the heterotic string spectrum may provide a profound insight to our understanding of the current universe. The current level of precision achieved in solar system based tests employed to test general relativity, is not sufficient to detect the presence of axion. However, the near horizon regime of quasars where the curvature effects are maximum seems to be a natural laboratory to probe such additions to the matter sector. The continuum spectrum emitted from the accretion disk around quasars encapsulates the imprints of the background spacetime and hence acts as a storehouse of information regarding the nature of gravitational interaction in extreme situations. The surfeit of data available in the electromagnetic domain provides a further motivation to explore such systems. Using the optical data for eighty Palomar Green quasars we demonstrate that the theoretical estimates of optical luminosity explain the observations best when the axionic field is assumed to be absent. However, axion which violates the energy condition seems to be favored by observations which has several interesting consequences. Error estimators, including reduced kh, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency, index of agreement and modified versions of the last two are used to solidify our conclusion and the implications of our result are discussed.
Prejudice reduction: what works? A review and assessment of research and practice.
Venue: Annual review of psychology
Year: 2009

This article reviews the observational, laboratory, and field experimental literatures on interventions for reducing prejudice. Our review places special emphasis on assessing the methodological rigor of existing research, calling attention to problems of design and measurement that threaten both internal and external validity. Of the hundreds of studies we examine, a small fraction speak convincingly to the questions of whether, why, and under what conditions a given type of intervention works. We conclude that the causal effects of many widespread prejudice reduction interventions, such as workplace diversity training and media campaigns, remain unknown. Although some intergroup contact and cooperation interventions appear promising, a much more rigorous and broad ranging empirical assessment of prejudice reduction strategies is needed to determine what works.
Effect of b glucan enrichment on the sensory properties of fresh egg white pasta
Year: 2020

Fresh pasta is largely consumed in Italy and, given its widespread use worldwide, has been recently used as an important carrier of functional ingredients. In spite of its capability of strongly limiting blood cholesterol levels, b glucans at high concentrations exert a negative effect on the sensory and texture quality of several the functional foods. This paper focuses on the sensory properties of two nutraceutical low cholesterol fresh pastas made with wheat flour, semolina and pasteurized egg white and integrated with barley or oat flour high in b glucans to assure 3 g of b glucans per serving (100 g) Once the sensory profile of all pasta types examined had been characterized, the Principal Component Analysis allowed the sensory data to be discriminated using just two eigenvectors. In the final consumer test, the novel fresh pasta enriched with oat flour obtained higher scores for odor, external appearance, flavor, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability, than those of the conventional whole egg pasta. The darker color, rougher appearance and smaller homogeneity (dotting) as well as the hints and taste of cereals and fibrousness, gave this special fresh egg white pasta an aspect of craftsmanship and healthiness plus an enrichment of the aromatic bouquet, which increased the consumer preference.
Single shot frequency resolved optical gating for retrieving the pulse shape of high energy picosecond pulses.
Venue: The Review of scientific instruments
Year: 2018

Accurate characterization of laser pulses used in experiments is a crucial step to the analysis of their results. In this paper, a novel single shot frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) device is described, one that incorporates a dispersive element which allows it to fully characterize pulses up to 25 ps in duration with a 65 fs per pixel temporal resolution. A newly developed phase retrieval routine based on memetic algorithms is implemented and shown to circumvent the stagnation problem that often occurs with traditional FROG analysis programs when they encounter a local minimum.
Developmental Changes and Individual Differences in Trust and Reciprocity in Adolescence
Venue: Journal of research on adolescence the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence
Year: 2018

A Trust Game was used to examine trust and reciprocity development in 12 18 year old adolescents (N 496) as findings have been conflicting and transitions in adolescence remain elusive. Furthermore, this study tested the roles of gender, risk, and individual differences in empathy, impulsivity, and antisocial tendencies in trust and reciprocity. Results indicate stability in trust and a decrease in reciprocity across adolescence, but also show that trust and reciprocity choices were influenced by risk, and that empathy mediated the age related decrease in reciprocity. Males trusted more than females, but there were no gender differences in reciprocity. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences and adolescents' sensitivities to varying contexts in explaining trust and reciprocity development in adolescence.
Small Square Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications With Variable Frequency Band Notch Function
Venue: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
Year: 2009

In this letter, a novel printed monopole antenna (PMA) for ultrawideband (UWB) applications with variable frequency band notch characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a stepped square radiating patch with two U shaped slots and a notched ground plane with a T shaped sleeve that provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 140% (2.8516.73 GHz) By cutting two modified U shaped slots with variable dimensions on the radiating patch, frequency band stop performance is generated, and we can control its characteristics such as band notch frequency and its bandwidth. The designed antenna has a small size of 12 times 19 mm2 while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency band of 5.02 5.97 GHz.
Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions
Year: 2013

Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and isa major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is tomanage enamel white spot lesions noninvasively and effectivelyan attempt to prevent disease progression and improveesthetics, strength and function. The progression of caries hasbeen tried to be curbed at initial stage only but for that only useof fluoride application was suggested but with recent developmentsin dental materials other remineralization options as well asnoninvasive masking procedure can be performed to attain bestresult. This article reviews all the materials and techniquesmentioned in the literature to manage the world's most commondisease in its initial stage only.
Bioactive compounds content and their biological properties of acetone extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. grown on various host plants
Venue: Natural product research
Year: 2019

The present study is aimed to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and free phenolic compounds of acetone extract of Cuscuta reflexa grown on five different hosts: Coccinia grandis, Ficus racemosa, Samanea saman, Streblus asper and Zollingeria dongnaiensis, and to explore the antioxidant activities, a glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of the extracts. The highest level of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in the extract of C. reflexa that was grown on S. asper (65.45 mg GAE/g extract) and C. grandis (97.83 mg QE/g extract) respectively. According to HPLC results, vanillic acid, rutin and quercetin were found in all extracts of C. reflexa grown on diversified hosts. The extract of C. reflexa grown on C. grandis possessed the greatest antioxidant activities (DPPH; 251.64 mg/mL, FRAP; 26.44 mg GAE/g extract) a glucosidase inhibition accounted for 84.36 per cent and antityrosinase activity was at 18.29 mg KAE/g sample.
Learning Robust Visual Semantic Retrieval Models with Limited Supervision
Year: 2019

Author(s) Mithun, Niluthpol Chowdhury Advisor(s) Roy Chowdhury,  In recent years, tremendous success has been achieved in many computer vision tasks using deep learning models trained on large hand labeled image datasets. In many applications, this may be impractical or infeasible, either because of the non availability of large datasets or the amount of time and resource needed for labeling. In this respect, an increasingly important problem in the field of computer vision, multimedia and machine learning is how to learn useful models for tasks where labeled data is sparse. In this thesis, we focus on learning comprehensive joint representations for different cross modal visual textual retrieval tasks leveraging weak supervision, that is noisier and/or less precise but cheaper and/or more efficient to collect. Cross modal visual textual retrieval has gained considerable momentum in recent years due to the promise of deep neural network models in learning robust aligned representations across modalities. However, the difficulty in collecting aligned pairs of visual data and natural language description and limited availability such pairs in existing datasets makes it extremely difficult to train effective models, which would generalize well to uncontrolled scenarios as they are heavily reliant on large volumes of training data that closely mimic what is expected in the test cases. In this regard, we first present our work on developing a multi faceted joint embedding framework based video to text retrieval system that utilizes multi modal cues (e.g. objects, action, place, sound) from videos to reduce the effect of limited data. Then, we describe our approach on training text to video moment retrieval systems leveraging only video level text descriptions without any temporal boundary annotations. Next, we present our work on learning powerful joint representations of images and text from small fully annotated datasets with supervision from weakly annotated web images. Extensive experimentation on different benchmark datasets demonstrates that our approaches show substantially better performance compared to baselines and state of the art alternative approaches.
Targeting of NLRP3 inflammasome with gene editing for the amelioration of inflammatory diseases
Venue: Nature Communications
Year: 2018

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a well studied target for the treatment of multiple inflammatory diseases, but how to promote the current therapeutics remains a large challenge. CRISPR/Cas9, as a gene editing tool, allows for direct ablation of NLRP3 at the genomic level. In this study, we screen an optimized cationic lipid assisted nanoparticle (CLAN) to deliver Cas9 mRNA (mCas9) and guide RNA (gRNA) into macrophages. By using CLAN encapsulating mCas9 and gRNA targeting NLRP3 (gNLRP3) (CLANmCas9/gNLRP3) we disrupt NLRP3 of macrophages, inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to diverse stimuli. After intravenous injection, CLANmCas9/gNLRP3 mitigates acute inflammation of LPS induced septic shock and monosodium urate crystal (MSU) induced peritonitis. In addition, CLANmCas9/gNLRP3 treatment improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adipose inflammation of high fat diet (HFD) induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) Thus, our study provides a promising strategy for treating NLRP3 dependent inflammatory diseases and provides a carrier for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 into macrophages.Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines. Here, the authors inactivate NLRP3 in macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9 encapsulated in nanoparticles, and show that administration in mice is effective in preventing septic shock and peritonitis, and in improving diabetes associated inflammation and insulin resistance.
Discrete Adjoint Method for the Sensitivity Analysis of Flexible Multibody Systems
Year: 2019

The gradient based design optimization of mechanical systems requires robust and efficient sensitivity analysis tools. The adjoint method is regarded as the most efficient semi analytical method to evaluate sensitivity derivatives for problems involving numerous design parameters and relatively few objective functions. This paper presents a discrete version of the adjoint method based on the generalized alpha time integration scheme, which is applied to the dynamic simulation of flexible multibody systems. Rather than using backward integration, the proposed approach leads to a straightforward algebraic procedure that provides design sensitivities evaluated to machine accuracy. The approach is based on an intrinsic representation of motion that does not require a parameterization of rotation. Design parameters associated with rigid bodies, kinematic joints, and beam sectional properties are considered. Rigid and flexible mechanical systems are investigated to validate the proposed approach and demonstrate its accuracy, efficiency, and robustness.
Fiscalidad de los rendimientos por arrendamiento obtenidos por persona fisica en el sector de la vivienda con fines turisticos
Year: 2019

Se ha producido un cambio importante en la forma de materializar el arrendamiento de inmuebles. Lo que en un principio surge como un mero intercambio de viviendas sin onerosidad ha derivado hacia una actividad economica muy lucrativa. La tributacion que afecta a esta modalidad de arrendamiento ha estado, hasta ahora, poco acorde a la realidad. Es por ello, por lo que hemos pretendido analizar el regimen tributario existente en relacion con los rendimientos obtenidos por particular persona fisica, que tienen su origen en el intercambio gratuito o la cesion de uso de viviendas con fines turisticos con contraprestacion o si ella. Pretendemos poner de manifiesto los problemas que se suscitan, asi como los posibles cambios que, en nuestra opinion, ayudarian a mejorar esta casuistica.
Using reinforcement learning models in social neuroscience: frameworks, pitfalls and suggestions of best practices
Venue: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience
Year: 2020

The recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of reinforcement learning (RL) models in social, cognitive and affective neuroscience. This approach, in combination with neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, enables quantitative investigations into latent mechanistic processes. However, increased use of relatively complex computational approaches has led to potential misconceptions and imprecise interpretations. Here, we present a comprehensive framework for the examination of (social) decision making with the simple Rescorla Wagner RL model. We discuss common pitfalls in its application and provide practical suggestions. First, with simulation, we unpack the functional role of the learning rate and pinpoint what could easily go wrong when interpreting differences in the learning rate. Then, we discuss the inevitable collinearity between outcome and prediction error in RL models and provide suggestions of how to justify whether the observed neural activation is related to the prediction error rather than outcome valence. Finally, we suggest posterior predictive check is a crucial step after model comparison, and we articulate employing hierarchical modeling for parameter estimation. We aim to provide simple and scalable explanations and practical guidelines for employing RL models to assist both beginners and advanced users in better implementing and interpreting their model based analyses.
Analysis of saponin composition and comparison of the antioxidant activity of various parts of the quinoa plant (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
Venue: Food science nutrition
Year: 2020

Quinoa plant is a valuable food crop because of its high nutritional and functional values. Total saponin content, sapogenins, polyphenol, and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities were analyzed in various parts of quinoa plants, including sprout, seeds, bran, pericarp, leave, stem, and root. Quinoa seeds (QS) had significantly higher sapogenin content than quinoa stem (QT) quinoa leaves (QL) and quinoa roots (QR) Quinoa saponin was mainly composed of phytolaccagenic acid. Quinoa root (QR) had the highest amount of total saponin (13.39 g 100 g 1) followed by quinoa bran. The highest total phenolic content (30.96 mg GAE 100 g 1) and total flavonoid content (61.68 mg RE 100 g 1) were observed in quinoa root extract and 1 month old sprout extract, respectively. Quinoa sprouts showed better antioxidant activity than fully grown parts of the quinoa plant. Overall, root and sprout had a higher antioxidant capacity compared to other parts of the quinoa plant, suggesting the potential use of quinoa root and sprout as a nutraceutical ingredient in the health food industry.
A NEW ENSEMBLE OF TEXTURE DESCRIPTORS BASED ON LOCAL APPEARANCE BASED METHODS FOR FACE ANTI SPOOFING SYSTEM
Year: 2020

Face is a very popular non intrusive modality used in biometrics recognition. Spoofing attack is a method using which an illegitimate access is made via the face biometric system. Face anti spoofing technique we implemented using static approaches are based on descriptors that are extracted using Local appearance based methods for the face images of NUAA Photo Impostor database. This paper discusses few variations in the input image that is used for print attacks that can be explored while designing the features. An ensemble of local texture features are extracted upon which a kNN classifier applied to determine real and impostor face images. Our objective is to lay down the effectiveness of different type of descriptors extracted for Face Anti spoofing technique to detect print attacks.
A 3D facial expression database for facial behavior research
Venue: 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR06)
Year: 2006

Traditionally, human facial expressions have been studied using either 2D static images or 2D video sequences. The 2D based analysis is incapable of handing large pose variations. Although 3D modeling techniques have been extensively used for 3D face recognition and 3D face animation, barely any research on 3D facial expression recognition using 3D range data has been reported. A primary factor for preventing such research is the lack of a publicly available 3D facial expression database. In this paper, we present a newly developed 3D facial expression database, which includes both prototypical 3D facial expression shapes and 2D facial textures of 2,500 models from 100 subjects. This is the first attempt at making a 3D facial expression database available for the research community, with the ultimate goal of fostering the research on affective computing and increasing the general understanding of facial behavior and the fine 3D structure inherent in human facial expressions. The new database can be a valuable resource for algorithm assessment, comparison and evaluation