nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Blockchain: Architecture, Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends
Venue: 2020 International Conferences on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData) and IEEE Congress on Cybermatics (Cybermatics)
Year: 2020

Blockchain is a decentralized network ledger. Based on the core characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization, tamper proof, and smart contract, it has been applied in many fields including finance, healthcare, food traceability and so on. However, blockchain technology still faces many challenges, such as scalability, interoperability, privacy leakage, and legal regulation, to be solved. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of blockchain technology. Specifically, we firstly introduce the architecture of blockchain. Secondly, several typical application scenarios are described. Then, we list some technical and legal challenges of blockchain. Finally, the development of future trends of blockchain is analyzed.
Situated Learning Teaching Courses in the University Environment: a practical experience
Year: 2008

The capability of learning objects of transferring knowledge and skills depends on the way in which they are thought, organized, engineered and realized. The instructional design is the principal factor that influences the quality of learning objects. The success in use of learning modules depends on the capability in involving learners in e learning; the utility of electronic didactic materials depends on the capability to provide effective learning environments; learning utility depends on the possibility of applying theories and explanations to the real problems of everyday life. This paper, by considering constructivism a useful model to provide learning by doing, presents the results of a practical experience to develop new learning solutions to make available better e learning teaching courses to university students. The realized prototype considers in a whole a coaching phase, an exemplification studying phase, a problem solving phase, and a feedback based phase. The analysis of the learners' satisfaction and of the time spent in using the learning object, show that situated learning teaching modules represent an enhancement with respect to previous implementations and a further step toward the ICT knowledge based society.  Situated Learning, E learning, Academic Education, Knowledge Based Society, ICT.
Adaptive Scratch Pad Memory Management for Dynamic Behavior of Multimedia Applications
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Year: 2009

Exploiting runtime memory access traces can be a complementary approach to compiler optimizations for the energy reduction in memory hierarchy. This is particularly important for emerging multimedia applications since they usually have input sensitive runtime behavior which results in dynamic and/or irregular memory access patterns. These types of applications are normally hard to optimize by static compiler optimizations. The reason is that their behavior stays unknown until runtime and may even change during computation. To tackle this problem, we propose an integrated approach of software [compiler and operating system (OS) and hardware (data access record table) techniques to exploit data reusability of multimedia applications in Multiprocessor Systems on Chip. Guided by compiler analysis for generating scratch pad data layouts and hardware components for tracking dynamic memory accesses, the scratch pad data layout adapts to an input data pattern with the help of a runtime scratch pad memory manager incorporated in the OS. The runtime data placement strategy presented in this paper provides efficient scratch pad utilization for the dynamic applications. The goal is to minimize the amount of accesses to the main memory over the entire runtime of the system, which leads to a reduction in the energy consumption of the system. Our experimental results show that our approach is able to significantly improve the energy consumption of multimedia applications with dynamic memory access behavior over an existing compiler technique and an alternative hardware technique.
Centralized and decentralized approaches to smart charging of plug in Vehicles
Venue: 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
Year: 2012

A large penetration of electric and plug in hybrid electric vehicles would likely result in increased system peaks and overloading of power system assets if the charging of vehicles is left uncontrolled. In this paper we propose both a centralized and a decentralized smart charging scheme which seek to minimize system wide generation costs while respecting grid constraints. Under the centralized scheme, vehicles' batteries are aggregated to virtual storage resources at each network node, which are optimally dispatched with a multiperiod Optimal Power Flow. On the other hand, under the decentralized scheme, price profiles broadcasted to vehicles day ahead are determined so that the optimal response of individual vehicles to this tariff achieves the goal of cost minimization. Two alternative tariffs are explored, one where the same price profile applies system wide, and another where different prices can be defined at different nodes. Results show that compared with uncontrolled charging, these smart charging schemes successfully avoid asset overloading, displace most charging to valley hours and reduce generation costs. Moreover they are robust in the face of forecast errors in vehicle behavior.
The Influence of Macroeconomics Indicators to the Growth of State Islamic Bonds (Sukuk) in Indonesia
Year: 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of macroeconomic on the growth of Islamic bonds (sukuk) in Indonesia. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with a monthly time series starting from January 2013 until December 2016. The results of this study indicate that the Production Index (IP) and Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificate (BSBIS) variables positively and significantly affect the growth of state sukuk issuance in Indonesia, then inflation negatively and significantly affects the growth of state sukuk issuance, while the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) variable has a negative effect but not significant on the growth of Indonesian state sukuk. Keywords sukuk, macroeconomic, indicators,
Evaluation des facteurs de risque d'infertilite masculine en milieu professionnel
Year: 2020

En Algerie, l'infertilite masculine a ete longtemps consideree comme un tabou. Les causes sont souvent meconnues. Tres peu d'etudes des facteurs de risque d'infertilite en milieu professionnel ont ete realises.  Evaluer les facteurs de risque d'infertilite masculine en milieu professionnel. Malades et methodes Il s'agit d'une etude descriptive transversale realisee de juin 2017 a decembre 2017 et incluant 246 travailleurs de differents secteurs d'activite. Tous les travailleurs consultant pour infertilite datant d'au moins deux ans dans le cadre de la consultation medicale du couple oriente par des professionnels de sante au niveau de l'unite d'infertilite masculine du service de gynecologie obstetrique. Lors de la consultation, un questionnaire type d'infertilite masculine a ete utilise permettant de recueillir les donnees personnelles et de caracteriser les expositions professionnelles a des facteurs de risque (FDR) pour la reproduction. Resultats L'age moyen de nos patients etait de 43,8 ans, la tranche d'age de 35 44 ans la plus touchee par le probleme d'infertilite. L'IMC etait superieur a 26 chez plus de la moitie des cas. Le tabagisme actif a ete retrouve chez 65 des patients et la sedentarite etait l'apanage de 181 travailleurs (soit 73,5 L'infertilite primaire est plus frequente avec 82,9 contre 16,1 d'infertilite secondaire. Sur les 212 spermogrammes realises, 172 se sont reveles pathologiques soit 81,1 Parmi les produits chimiques utilises en milieu professionnel, on retrouve les HAP (11,4 pesticides (12,6 et solvants (17,0 Les professions a risque demeurent les activites s'exercant dans les positions statiques (debout ou assises) prolongees et/ou en contact prolonge avec la chaleur les fonctionnaires administratifs (29 les agents de securite (19 les chauffeurs (17 et les commercants representent plus du tiers de notre population.  L'evaluation des facteurs de risque d'infertilite masculine constitue une etape essentielle dans la prevention des expositions professionnelles des travailleurs afin de garantir leur sante reproductive. Enfin, une meilleure sensibilisation et une prise de conscience de tous les acteurs de la sante et du milieu professionnel sont necessaires pour une meilleure prise en charge.
Ammonia volatilization from composting with oxidized biochar.
Venue: Journal of environmental quality
Year: 2020

Animal manure, agricultural residues, and other sources of biomass can be diverted from the waste stream and composted into valuable fertilizer. However, composting often results in substantial N loss through NH3 gas volatilization. We investigated biochar's capacity to improve NH3 N retention during composting of poultry manure and straw. After 7 wk, total N loss from composting with unoxidized biochar was twofold and sixfold higher than N loss from composting with oxidized biochar and without biochar (307, 142, and 51 mg N g 1 N in the initial compost feedstocks, respectively) When cumulative NH3 N loss was calculated relative to CO2 C loss to account for differences in microbial activity, NH3 N/CO2 C loss from compost with oxidized biochar was 55% lower than from compost with unoxidized biochar (82% lower based on mass balance) Oxidized biochar particles removed from compost after 7 wk retained 16.0 mg N g 1 biochar, compared with only 6.1 mg N g 1 retained by unoxidized biochar, suggesting that N retention by biochar particles provides a mechanism for reduced NH3 N loss. These data show that oxidized biochar enhanced microbial activity, doubled composting rate, and reduced NH3 N loss compared with unoxidized biochar and that biochar's physiochemical characteristics modulate its performance in compost. In particular, the presence of oxidized surface functional groups, which can be increased artificially or through environmental weathering, appear to play an important role in key compost processes. This has implications for other natural and managed systems where pyrogenic organic matter may mediate biological activity and nutrient cycles.
Measuring the quality of scientific references in Wikipedia: an analysis of more than 115M citations to over 800,000 scientific articles
Year: 2020

Wikipedia is a widely used online reference work which cites hundreds of thousands of scientific articles across its entries. The quality of these citations has not been previously measured, and such measurements have a bearing on the reliability and quality of the scientific portions of this reference work. Using a novel technique, a massive database of qualitatively described citations, and machine learning algorithms, we analyzed 1,923,575 Wikipedia articles which cited a total of 824,298 scientific articles, and found that most scientific articles (57% are uncited or untested by subsequent studies, while the remainder show a wide variability in contradicting or supporting evidence (2 41% Additionally, we analyzed 51,804,643 scientific articles from journals indexed in the Web of Science and found that most (85% were uncited or untested by subsequent studies, while the remainder show a wide variability in contradicting or supporting evidence (1 14%
Toward Subgraph Guided Knowledge Graph Question Generation with Graph Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Knowledge graph question generation (QG) aims to generate natural language questions from KG and target answers. Most previous works mainly focusing on the simple setting are to generate questions from a single KG triple. In this work, we focus on a more realistic setting, where we aim to generate questions from a KG subgraph and target answers. In addition, most of previous works built on either RNN based or Transformer based models to encode a KG sugraph, which totally discard the explicit structure information contained in a KG subgraph. To address this issue, we propose to apply a bidirectional Graph2Seq model to encode the KG subgraph. In addition, we enhance our RNN decoder with node level copying mechanism to allow directly copying node attributes from the input graph to the output question. We also explore different ways of initializing node/edge embeddings and handling multi relational graphs. Our model is end to end trainable and achieves new state of the art scores, outperforming existing methods by a significant margin on the two benchmarks.
The role of parental supervision on traffic injuries among 6 9 year old children
Year: 2007

Although many parents believe that childhood injuries are normative events or non reventable, inadequate supervision has been recognized as a leading contributor to child injuries in some studies. The objective of this paper is to determine the association between the level of parental supervision and childhood road traffic injuries in 6 to 9 year old children.  In a case control study, 100 children who were taken to one of Shaheed Beheshti Medical University affiliated hospitals for traffic injuries were compared with 100 matched controls who had no history of a road traffic accident in the past one year. The level of parental supervision and characteristics of mother, child and road traffic accident was collected by self administered questionnaires and interviews according to ICD 10. Chi squared test, Fisheras exact test and Conditional Logistic Regression were used for data analysis.  Children travel to and from their schools without adults' supervision was more common in cases (24% than controls (10% (P<0.01) Older children had a lower level of parental supervision for independent outdoor activities (P<0.001) and appropriate parental supervision was significantly higher in controls (24% compared with cases (8% (OR= 3.63, 95% CI: 1.45 9.38)  Because of the important role of parental supervision in preventing traffic injuries among 6 to 9 year old children, in addition to environmental and legislation modifications, more attention needs to be paid to this issue.
Gathering Baltimore's bounty: Characterizing behaviors, motivations, and barriers of foragers in an urban ecosystem
Year: 2017

As a component of urban food systems, foraging the collection of plant or fungal materials, such as berries and nuts, not deliberately cultivated for human use may promote positive cultural, ecological, economic, and health outcomes. Foraging behaviors, motivations, and barriers in the urban context remain under characterized despite emerging literature on the subject. We surveyed 105 self identified foragers in Baltimore, Maryland about species, quantity, seasonality, and preparation of collected materials; frequency and locations of foraging activities; foraging experience; motivations for and barriers to foraging; and contributions of foraged materials to diets. Respondents collected from a diverse array of species (170 taxa) which, in some cases, constituted an important fraction of the overall diet. This study contributes to the quantitative foundation needed for future work exploring relationships among foraging, public health, and urban ecosystems. This work could inform policy regarding the use and management of urban landscapes.
The influence of alloy composition on the as cast grain structure in near net shape low density steels
Year: 2019

Low density steels are considered an attractive potential replacement for conventional steel in industries such as the automotive sector. However, there are several issues that need to be overcome before they become commercially useful grades. A significant constraint is in their processability, for example, a large as cast grain size means these steels are prone to hot cracking. This paper explores how compositional variations affect the as cast grain size in 12 low density steels cast at solidification rates representative of near net shape casting. It is shown that while mushy zone width is a good indicator of the cast grain size, using a mushy zone width from liquidus to 85% solidified fraction gives a better correlation. It was found that the as cast grain size of a 7 wt Al steel can be reduced from 736 to 244 um through the addition of 1.5 wt Si which acts to increase the mushy zone width by 19degC.
HOME ALONE E LIVE SURVEILLANCE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM
Year: 2017

Home Automation refers to the branch of automation that deals with the methods dedicated to the reduction of human efforts and involvement in achieving tasks. The main objective of these Home Automation systems(HAS) using internet of things(IoT) is to inhibit automatic and electronic control of household features activity and appliances. These features of connectivity, scalability, power saving can be achieved by the use of Raspberry Pi, which acts as an interface between the hardware and the software of the entire system which can be connected to number of peripherals using USB ports or HDMI port and GPIO, it can be connected to the internet using the Ethernet port or by Wi Fi connectivity. Home automation system provide the user with remote control of various lights and appliances within their home. This system is designed to be low cost and expandable allowing a variety of devices to be controlled.The server will be interfaced with a relay circuit board that controls the appliances running in Home. The server communicates with the corresponding relay. By this we offers a scalable and cost effective Home automation system.
Further knowledge and urgent action required to save Orange bellied Parrots from extinction
Year: 2018

Only three wild bred female Orange bellied Parrots returned from migration in the 2016/17 breeding season, representing the lowest point of a long term decline. In this context of imminent extinction risk we (i) update knowledge of population parameters, (ii) critically evaluate current recovery actions, and (iii) identify new management options. We present new data from the 2016/17 breeding season. Orange bellied Parrots were only observed at the last known breeding site where fire suppression may havecaused shortage of natural food. Recently burned habitat elsewhere support abundant food, but no parrots. Fecundity of captive bred individuals was significantly worse than wild bred individuals (0.8 vs. 3 fledglings respectively) mostly due to infertility. Bacterial septicemia due to contaminated food caused mortalities of at least four nestlings. Fostering captive bred nestlings to the wild showed some potential as a recovery tool, with 2 of 4 nests accepting a foster nestling, and one of these fledging successfully. Captive bred birds had poorer feather condition than wild birds. Addressing food shortages and the addition of new managementactions to improve population recruitment are critical and urgent recovery priorities. We suggest recovery priorities for the species arising from our results, including emergency intervention to prevent imminent extinction.
An initial assessment of small business risk management approaches for cyber security threats
Year: 2018

While larger companies have resources to address cyber security issues, small companies often do not. Usually, a business owner or his immediate family members handle many different roles within the small business. Because of a lack of information technology knowledge and resources to hire that knowledge, many small businesses are at a great risk of having their systems compromised. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a field study that included over 370 interviews with small business owners about their approach to risk management, including those related to cyber security threats. Results indicate that small business owners are often likely to have the basic tools related to technology risk management in place, but lack the policies, procedures and training to secure their information resources. Additionally, responses indicated a majority of respondents do not use strong passwords to protect their information assets.
The Role of Social Capital in Community Based Tourism
Venue: Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies
Year: 2019

The role of social capital in Community based tourism (CBT) to reach local communities' welfare is being the concern of tourism activities. Previous research found that social capital approach could be used to achieve sustainability and prosperity. Mutually beneficial trust and collective action among the member of the community as aspects of social capital played an important role to take off CBT. The study aimed to analyze the role of trust and collective action as elements of social capital on the local community of CBT Kampung Tajur and to examine the link between trust and collective action. This study was conducted on a sample of Kampung Tajur community which was appointed as CBT because its willingness to take collective action. The result showed that trust was a robust predictor of attending a religious meeting, participating in managing homestay, and joining for community work. On the other hand, the absence of attending a formal meeting and community meeting conducted by the community head did not have a link to trust among the community member. Our findings suggested that due to well implementation of social capital role in terms of trust and collective action, the community's members must be encouraged as the subject in tourism activity by enhancing knowledge, empowerment, and inspiration based on local wisdom.  Collective action, Community based Tourism, social capital, trust.
The KMOS Lens Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS) kinematics and clumpiness of low mass galaxies at cosmic noon
Year: 2020

We present results from the KMOS Lens Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS) an ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) large program using gravitational lensing to study the spatially resolved kinematics of 44 star forming galaxies at 0.6 1) we find a weak increase or flat trend. We investigate the relation between the rest frame UV clumpiness of galaxies and their global kinematic properties. We find no clear trend between the clumpiness and the velocity dispersion and \upsilon_{rot}\sigma_0$ This could suggest that the kinematic properties of galaxies evolve after the clumps formed in the galaxy disk or that the clumps can form in different physical conditions.
A Predictive Initialization of Hidden State Parameters in a Hidden Markov Model for Hand Gesture Recognition
Venue: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics Asia (ICCE Asia)
Year: 2018

A hidden Markov model (HMM) has been widely used as a cost effective solution for time series based applications such as hand gesture recognition. A large number of parameters in an HMM often result in a degradation of classification accuracy due to overfitting. Furthermore, the accuracy is often affected by the initialization values of the parameters. Left right banded (LRB) HMM is one of the representative models which improve the classification accuracy by reducing the number of parameters. However, LRB HMM still suffers from false negative misclassification when it is applied for hand gesture recognition. Misclassification in hand gesture recognition arise from similar trajectories of multiple gestures that are represented by hidden states. This paper proposes a new initialization process that reduces not only state transition parameters but also hidden state observation parameters. To this end, the gesture trajectory is predicted and then the parameters are masked out when their probabilities are negligibly small in the predicted trajectory. Experiment results show that the confusion rate is nearly 14% lower than the LRB HMM while maintaining the classification accuracy.