nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Texture and mouthfeel perceptions of a model beverage system containing soluble and insoluble oat bran fibres.
Venue: Food research international
Year: 2019

Dietary fibre fortified products have increased in popularity as health conscious consumers seek convenient ways to increase fibre intake. Fibres from wholegrains are particularly desirable inclusions in food products because of their proven physiological health benefits. When fortifying beverages with fibre, however, the insoluble dietary fibre components present in wholegrains often contribute to unpleasant gritty sensations making the products unpalatable. Consequently, designing wholegrain fortified beverages with sufficient fibre content to make health related fibre claims is a major challenge in the food manufacturing industry. This work aims to take a systematic approach in identifying the texture/mouthfeel related sensory impact and interaction between two commercial oat fibre ingredients (Oatwell28XF(r) and Milled Oats) when added to a model beverage system. Eighteen samples were prepared containing either or both the ingredients, at varying levels, and were assessed by a trained panel using conventional sensory descriptive techniques. The results indicate that the two different oat bran fibres produced distinct mouthfeel perceptions which could be attributed to the varying soluble and insoluble fibre content of the samples. Insoluble dietary fibre concentrations above 2% (w/w) resulted in particle related sensory properties chalkiness, dryness and particle perception, which dominated the overall mouthfeel and textural sensory perception of the samples. Samples with predominantly soluble b glucan, resulted in perceptions of smoothness, sliminess and stickiness residue, while thickness, mouthcoating and cloying sensations were driven by total fibre concentration, irrespective of fibre solubility. This work provides a solid foundation for food manufacturers aiming to rationally design and develop nutritionally superior fibre fortified beverages and is relevant to fibre content concentrations required for labelling/nutrition claims for consumer products in many developed nations.
Consumers' perceptions and preferences for local food: A review
Year: 2015

This article reviews the scientific literature on local food from the consumer's perspective and analyses findings through the application of the Alphabet Theory a newly developed theoretical framework for consumer behavior towards alternative food choices. As consumers' interest in local food has steadily increased in the past fifteen years, so has the number of research studies on consumers' attitudes and purchase behavior with regard to local food. A literature search was carried out on three online catalogues using the search terms 'local' 'regional' 'food' and 'consumer' Only articles published in English and from January 2000 until January 2014 were taken into account. In all, the literature search returned 550 scientific articles. This paper provides an overview of 73 relevant publications, summarizes the main results, and identifies research gaps in the context of the Alphabet Theory. One major result was that, unlike organic food, local food is not perceived as expensive. Nevertheless, consumers are willing to pay a premium for local food. In mostly quantitative studies, consumer characteristics, attitudes, and purchase behaviors with regard to local food were assessed. Research gaps were identified in various areas: cross national (cultural) comparisons, influence of different types of products (fresh vs. non perishable, processed vs. non processed, or plant vs. animal products) origin of foodstuffs used to produce local food as well as the influence of personal and social norms on the formation of attitudes towards local food. This contribution appears to be the first review of scientific articles from the field of local food consumption to present an overview on international research and to identify research gaps.
GaN based emissive microdisplays: A very promising technology for compact, ultra high brightness display systems
Year: 2016

High brightness GaN based emissive microdisplays can be fabricated with different approaches that are listed and described. They consist either of hybridizing a GaN LED array on a CMOS circuit or building a monolithic component on a single substrate. Using the hybridization approach, two types of 10 mm pixel pitch GaN microdisplay prototypes were developed: (1) directly driven, 300 x 252 pixels and (2) active matrix, 873 x 500 pixels. Brightness as high as 1 x 106 and 1 x 107 cd/m2 for blue and green arrays, respectively, were reached. GaN based emissive microdisplays are suitable for augmented reality systems or head up displays, but some challenges remain before they can be put in production.
Antifungal efficacy of sanitizers and electrolyzed waters against toxigenic Aspergillus.
Venue: Food research international
Year: 2020

The presence of mycotoxin producing fungi in food production environments is a cause of concern since they can contaminate food products, synthesizing toxic compounds in later steps. To avoid this, an effective hygiene and sanitation process of the environment and equipment should be adopted, using sanitizing agents with adequate antifungal efficacy. This work evaluated the effectiveness of different chemical sanitizers: benzalkonium chloride (0.3% 1.2% 2% biguanide (2% 3.5% 5% iodine (0.2% 0.6% 1% peracetic acid (0.3% 0.6% 1% sodium hypochlorite (0.5% 0.75% 1% besides a new non polluting technology, the electrolyzed water, both the acid in the chlorine concentrations of 60, 85 and 121 ppm and the respective basic electrolyzed water formed against strains of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae through the methodology recommended by the European Committee for Standardization. Benzalkonium chloride and iodine were the most effective sanitizers to eliminate Aspergillus from the Flavi and Nigri section. Peracetic acid showed the best elimination of the growth of Aspergillus from Circumdati section. Sodium hypochlorite, biguanide, and electrolyzed water agents were the least effective, reducing less than 3 log from initial control, not being the most suitable agents for the control of toxigenic fungi in food industries.
EGFR Inhibitor Gefitinib Induces Cardiotoxicity through the Modulation of Cardiac PTEN/Akt/FoxO3a Pathway and Reactive Metabolites Formation: In Vivo and In Vitro Rat Studies.
Venue: Chemical research in toxicology
Year: 2020

Gefitinib (GEF) is a selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) used to treat non small cell lung cancer. Yet, few cases of cardiotoxicity have been reported. However, the role of PTEN/Akt/FoxO3a pathway, which is mediating GEF anticancer activity, in GEF cardiotoxicity remains unclear. For this purpose, in vitro H9c2 cell and in vivo rat cardiomyocyte were utilized as study models. Treatment of H9c2 cells and Sprague Dawley rats with GEF significantly induced the expression of hypertrophic and apoptotic markers at mRNA and protein levels with increased plasma level of troponin. This was accompanied with induction of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cells. Inhibition of cardiac EGFR activity and Akt cellular content in vitro and in vivo rat cardiomyocyte by GEF increased PTEN and FoxO3a genes expression and cellular content. In addition, by using LC MS/MS, GEF is metabolized in the rat heart microsomes into one cyanide and two methoxylamine adducts reactive metabolites, where their formation was entirely blocked by CYP1A1 inhibitor, naphthoflavone. Importantly, treatment of H9c2 cells with PI3K/Akt inhibitor increased PTEN and FoxO3a mRNA expression associated with potentiation of GEF cardiotoxicity. The current study concluded that GEF induces cardiotoxicity through modulating the expression/function of cardiac PTEN/AKT/FoxO3a pathway and formation of CYP1A1 mediated reactive metabolites.
An Isolated Multi Input ZCS DC DC Front End Converter Based Multilevel Inverter for the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Year: 2018

A new isolated current fed zero current switched (ZCS) front end dc/dc converter based multilevel inverter is proposed for multi input applications. The proposed front end converter with only two controllable switches integrates two different renewable energy sources, resulting in an advantageous compact structure and low conduction losses. The ZCS turn off is achieved in both the controllable switches with the proposed modulation scheme. The converter maintains ZCS turn off under a wide load, as well as input voltage variations by employing frequency modulation along with a variable duty ratio technique. Simple structure, soft switching, high gain, and automatic load regulation make the converter structure novel for simultaneous power management in multi input renewable energy applications. Converter operation and design guidelines have been outlined. A laboratory prototype of the proposed converter is developed and tested at 300 W power level. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the robust performance of the converter under load, as well as input source voltage variations.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fruits of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth. T.G. Hartley grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam
Year: 2020

In the present study, chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth. T.G Hartley in Dalat were evaluated. Essential oil was isolated through hydro distillation. Twenty nine constituents comprising 100% of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC MS) techniques. The major compounds in the essential oil were Sabinene (34.73% Cis a bergamotene (13.15% Z a trans bergamotol (5.28% b mycrene (4.98% and 1,3,6 octatriene, 3,7 dimethyl (4.71% Antibacterial activities of Melicope pteleifolia essential oil were investigated against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Results showed significant activities against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli using an agar well diffusion method. The application of this essential oil in preventing and eliminating bacteria could be useful in fields as medicine and cosmetics.
Drug resistance and the solid tumor microenvironment.
Venue: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Year: 2007

Resistance of human tumors to anticancer drugs is most often ascribed to gene mutations, gene amplification, or epigenetic changes that influence the uptake, metabolism, or export of drugs from single cells. Another important yet little appreciated cause of anticancer drug resistance is the limited ability of drugs to penetrate tumor tissue and to reach all of the tumor cells in a potentially lethal concentration. To reach all viable cells in the tumor, anticancer drugs must be delivered efficiently through the tumor vasculature, cross the vessel wall, and traverse the tumor tissue. In addition, heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment leads to marked gradients in the rate of cell proliferation and to regions of hypoxia and acidity, all of which can influence the sensitivity of the tumor cells to drug treatment. In this review, we describe how the tumor microenvironment may be involved in the resistance of solid tumors to chemotherapy and discuss potential strategies to improve the effectiveness of drug treatment by modifying factors relating to the tumor microenvironment.
Quality of retirement placement for elite athletes in Hong Kong China and countermeasures
Year: 2008

Having studied the quality of retirement placement,life satisfaction degree,social support system and re tirement coping strategies in relation to 75 elite athletes in Hong Kong China,the author revealed the following findings: the quality of placement of elite athletes in Hong Kong after retirement is affected by their sports achievements and "personal support" gained from their family members and friends in the process of retirement;in terms of coping strategies,focusing on new jobs and learning after retirement is significantly helpful to the quality of athlete retirement placement.Therefore,athletes and even the society should change the opinion on elite athlete's sports achievements,should not use medals as the only measurement standard,while the society and government should also provide elite athletes with occupational training or learning opportunities,thus enhancing the quality of placement of retired athletes.
Experimentalist Governance with Interactive Central Local Relations: Making New Pension Policies in China
Year: 2018

Although regional policy experimentation has become a global trend, the distinct features of experimentalist governance in a given country, such as China, remains to be investigated. This article extends policy process theory by proposing the framework of experimentalist governance with interactive central local relations or Chinese style experimentalist governance, which combines three features. First, policy goals and instruments are formed separately and interactively by the central and local governments. Second, the central government is burdened with its own concerns about policy performance for maintaining authority and legitimacy. Third, the evaluation of policy pilots relies primarily on the responses of local governments. We further conceptualize three new patterns of experimentalist governance in China, namely, "comparative trial," "selective recognition," and "adaptive reconciliation," in addition to "hierarchical experimentation." These patterns are illustrated with case studies on four pension policies in China, which are for public sector employees, urban employees, rural residents, and migrant workers.
Submeridional boundary zone in Asia: seismicity, lithosphere structure, and the distribution of convective flows in the upper mantle
Year: 2018

The study is focused on the submeridional transregional boundary that stretches as a wide band along 105degE in Central Asia. In modern seismic models, it is traceable to a depth of ~600 km. In the continental area to the west of this boundary, seismic activity is increased. Following the study of the origin of the transregional boundary zone, it be comes possible to assess its contribution to the current geodynamic processes in Asia. This article presents a compre hensive analysis based on comparison of the available data with the results obtained in our study using independent methods. The distribution of earthquakes was analyzed by depth. We revealed a correlation between the characteristics of seismotectonic deformation (STD) reconstructed from earthquake focal mechanisms, the structure of P velocity anomalies, and the distribution of convection flows in the upper mantle. The pattern of seismic velocity anomalies in the upper mantle was investigated on the basis of the data from the ISC catalogue for the period of 1964 2011. The modeling was carried out for two regional tomographic schemes, using the first arrivals of P waves from [Koulakov et al. 2002] and PP phases from [Bushenkova et al. 2002] with the subsequent summation with weight coefficients de pending on the distribution of the input data in each scheme. A similar approach was applied in [Koulakov, Bushenkova, 2010] for the territory of Siberia; however, that model only partially covered the submeridional transregional boundary zone and was based on fewer ISC data (until 2001) The parameters of the combined model were used to estimate vari ations in the lithosphere thickness, which can significantly influence the structure of convection flows in the upper mantle [Chervov et al. 2014; Bushenkova et al. 2014, 2016] The thickness variations were taken into account when set ting boundary conditions in the numerical modeling of thermal convection, which followed the algorithm described in [Chervov, Chernykh, 2014] The STD field was reconstructed from the earthquake focal mechanisms (M>=4.6) which oc curred in Central Asia in 1976 2017. The analysis shows that the zone, wherein the seismic regime changes, correlates with the band wherein the STD principal axes are turning, the submeridional high/low velocity elongated boundary in the seismotomographic model, as well as with the submeridionally elongated descending convective flow in the upper mantle. Shortening of the STD principal axes is observed in the submeridional direction in the western part and in the sublatitudinal direction in the eastern part of the study area. The directions of the principal axes turn in the 93 105degE zone. It is thus probable that the submeridionally elongated descending convective flow in the upper mantle of this region, which results from the superposition of the lithosphere thickness heterogeneities, is a barrier to propagation of seismically manifested active geodynamic processes caused by lithospheric plates collision.
A universal mathematical model of a three phase transformer with a single magnetic core
Year: 2015

A universal mathematical model of a three phase transformer with a single magnetic core for different variants of primary and secondary winding connections using wye and delta schemes at each of 12 phase shifts using clock notation is described. Such a model design is necessitated by the requirements of GOST (State Standard) 30830 2002 (IEC 60076 1 93) and by the wide use of phase shifting transformers as elements of schemes for feeding power semiconductor converters. Examples of simulation results for cases of three phase transformers of Y/Y 8 and Y/Y 4 schemes and vector groups are shown. The proposed model allows the working regimes to be investigated of a three phase transformer with unbalanced sets of parameters for its phases or phases of load, as well as in cases of feeding from a source with an asymmetrical voltage, including a nonsinusoidal one. Taking into into account nonlinearity of magnetization curve at each phase separately allows one to correctly simulate the harmonic composition of currents and voltages.
Performance of a high resolution depth encoding PET detector module using linearly graded SiPM arrays.
Venue: Physics in medicine and biology
Year: 2018

The goal of this study was to exploit the excellent spatial resolution characteristics of a position sensitive silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and develop a high resolution depth of interaction (DOI) encoding positron emission tomography (PET) detector module. The detector consists of a 30 x 30 array of 0.445 x 0.445 x 20 mm3 polished LYSO crystals coupled to two 15.5 x 15.5 mm2 linearly graded SiPM (LG SiPM) arrays at both ends. The flood histograms show that all the crystals in the LYSO array can be resolved. The energy resolution, the coincidence timing resolution and the DOI resolution were 21.8 5.8% 1.23 0.10 ns and 3.8 1.2 mm, respectively, at a temperature of 10 degC and a bias voltage of 35.0 V. The performance did not degrade significantly for event rates of up to 130 000 counts s 1. This detector represents an attractive option for small bore PET scanner designs that simultaneously emphasize high spatial resolution and high detection efficiency, important, for example, in preclinical imaging of the rodent brain with neuroreceptor ligands.
Dimensions of the paediatric femur: anatomical limitations of flexible intramedullary nailing
Venue: Journal of children's orthopaedics
Year: 2019

Although spica casting remains the benchmark for treating diaphyseal femur fractures in preschool children, some authors advocate using flexible intramedullary nails in certain situations. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anatomic feasibility of flexible nailing in young children.  Consecutive patients between the ages of zero and ten years with normal femurs who received femur radiographs at a tertiary paediatric hospital over a two year period were included. Anteroposterior femur radiographs were evaluated for length and isthmus width measurements. Each femur was templated for flexible nail size. The proportions of each age group capable of accommodating two flexible nails up to 4.0 mm in size were determined and compared.  A total of 381 full length femur radiographs were reviewed. There was a strong, direct linear relationship between age and femoral length (R2 0.896) and a moderate correlation between age and femoral isthmus width (R2 0.417) Although the percentage of femurs able to accommodate flexible nails continued to increase with age, this increase did not represent a significant difference when comparing preschool aged children with older age groups.  Age and femoral length demonstrated a strong, positive correlation while age and isthmus width had weaker correlation. The ability of femurs to accommodate flexible nails increased with age with most children age two years and older able to accommodate two flexible nails of at least 2.5 mm in size.
Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid) based composite reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and nanosilica.
Year: 2016

The properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) bio composite films reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber and nanosilica were studied in this work. The composite films were prepared via the solvent casting method. The composites were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) UV visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tensile testing, and X ray diffraction (XRD) Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy results revealed that the PLA based composites and neat PLA had similar light transmittances of approximately 89% The FTIR and FESEM results showed that OPEFB fibers and nanosilica were embedded into the PLA matrix. The tensile strength of the composites with addition of nanosilica increased with an increasing fiber load content. The XRD analysis showed that the addition of organic or inorganic silica reduced the crystallinity of the composites. The water vapor permeability test results indicated that the inorganic silica decreased the diffusion rate of water molecules through the polymer film. The OPEFB reinforced PLA blend with additional organic silica exhibited a higher thermal stability than the composites reinforced with inorganic silica.
Behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia: One treatment may not fit all.
Venue: Sleep
Year: 2019

Behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia are cost effective and benefit most families, but there is no evidence indicating which treatments are most suitable for specific patient populations. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the moderating role of infant separation anxiety in two brief interventions for infant sleep problems.  Ninety one infants aged 9 18 months (61% boys) with pediatric insomnia were randomized to either Checking in, a Graduated extinction protocol which involves gradual separation from parents, or to the Camping out intervention, in which parental presence is maintained. Sleep was measured using actigraphy and parent reports. Infant separation anxiety was observed in the laboratory. Assessments were completed at baseline, post treatment and 6 month follow up.  Improvement in sleep was demonstrated following both interventions and maintained at follow up. Separation anxiety did not change significantly following treatment. Infant separation anxiety moderated treatment efficacy, with greater benefit for infants with high separation anxiety in the Camping out compared to the Checking in intervention.  This study provides support for considering infant separation anxiety in the effort to personalize treatment for pediatric insomnia. Pediatricians should incorporate evaluation of infant separation anxiety to assessment processes, and favor more gentle treatment approaches, such as Camping out, over Graduated extinction for highly anxious infants.