nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DoD Information Technology Acquisition: Delivering Information Technology Capabilities Expeditiously
Year: 2013

Maintaining an information advantage for the Department of Defense (DoD) and its military departments is critical to national defense objectives and the acquisition of new information technology (IT) is key. The DoD seeks to quickly acquire IT systems that meet requirements and are within budget; however, this goal has been very difficult to achieve given the cumbersome and deliberate process through which IT systems have been acquired. Essentially, the DoD s acquisition process cannot keep pace with the rapid development of IT systems that occurs in the commercial sector. For years, the DoD has relied on a common approach in acquiring different systems and services. This approach has been laced with inefficiencies and inadequacies that have resulted in prolonged schedules as well as increased cost. Currently, the DoD is implementing a new IT acquisition process; however, this new process does not resolve all the issues that have plagued IT acquisition. This study will identify the causes or impeding factors that have prevented the DoD from acquiring new IT systems in a timely manner and will recommend alternative solutions to solving the problems. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to the DoD s efforts to resolve the issues that continue to undermine timely IT acquisition.
Three Dimensional Invisibility Cloak at Optical Wavelengths
Venue: Science
Year: 2010

Hidden Under the Carpet Transformation optics, combined with the ability to fabricate structures with complex refractive index profiles, allow materials to be formed with fascinating optical properties, such as cloaks where both the object and the cloak concealing the object are rendered invisible. To date, the cloaks have been restricted to two dimensions, which limits realistic applications. Based on a photonic crystal structure with a polymer filling the empty space, Ergin et al. (p. 337, published online 18 March) have designed, fabricated, and realized a three dimensional cloak operating at optical wavelengths. A structured photonic crystal can be used to cloak an object at optical wavelengths and over a wide viewing angle. We have designed and realized a three dimensional invisibility cloaking structure operating at optical wavelengths based on transformation optics. Our blueprint uses a woodpile photonic crystal with a tailored polymer filling fraction to hide a bump in a gold reflector. We fabricated structures and controls by direct laser writing and characterized them by simultaneous high numerical aperture, far field optical microscopy and spectroscopy. A cloaking operation with a large bandwidth of unpolarized light from 1.4 to 2.7 micrometers in wavelength is demonstrated for viewing angles up to 60deg.
Pesticide Application Quality With Alternative Use of Water Sensitive Paper
Venue: Journal of Agricultural Science
Year: 2019

The water sensitive paper is commonly used in the uniformity and distribution ratings of the spray droplets pattern; however, this technology still has a high cost. In this way, the present work had as objective to evaluate the quality of deposition of spray drops in different types of papers sensitive to water. The test was carried out in a wind tunnel built inside the multi sport gymnasium of the State University of West Parana campus of Cascavel PR. A semi automated nozzle transition prototype was used to perform the tests. The variables evaluated were number of diameters, dispersion, volumetric medium diameter (VMD) droplet density, cover and droplet volume. The treatments consisted of four different types of paper compared to the water sensitive paper (control) and two nozzles. Cardboard paper stood out among the others at the cost of approximately 1% of a water sensitive paper slip. The water sensitive paper used in agriculture can be replaced by alternative papers more economically viable and easily found in the market.
What do employers look for when hiring new graduates? Answers from the Electus survey
Year: 2017

This paper presents the main results obtained from Electus survey targeting 471 Lombardy companies with at least 15 employees. The project wants to acquire the knowledge about criteria for entrepreneurs in the choice for graduates demanding a job vacancy. This study, also, aims to evaluate the features of a graduate's profile employers for potential candidates in five job positions (Administration clerk; Human Resource assistant; ICT professional; Marketing assistant; CRM assistant) In order to estimate the entrepreneurs' preferences about skills and competencies for the new hirings, Conjoint Analysis is adopted. Finally, using a new definition of the relative importance of attributes, the analysis finds out the monetary value for skills owned by the candidates.
Risk factors for lung cancer in the Pakistani population.
Venue: Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention APJCP
Year: 2014

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world and both incidence and mortality rates are continuing to rise in Pakistan. However, epidemiological studies to identify common lung cancer determinants in the Pakistani population have been limited.  In this retrospective case control study, 400 cases and 800 controls were enrolled from different hospitals of all provinces of Pakistan. Information about socio demographic, occupational, lifestyle and dietary variables was extracted by questionnaire from all subjects. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. and dose response associations were also assessed for suitable factors.  Strong associations were observed for smoking (OR=9.4, 95%CI=6.9 12.8) pesticide exposure (OR=5.1, 95%CI=3.1 8.3) exposure to diesel exhaust (OR=3.1, 95%CI=2.1 4.5) red meat consumption (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.8 4.7) and chicken consumption (OR=2.8, 95%CI=1.7 49) Other associated factors observed were welding fumes (OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.0 6.5) sedentary living (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.6 2.6) family history (OR=2.0, 95%CI=0.8 4.9) wood dust (OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.2 3.1) tea consumption (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.2 2.6) coffee consumption (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.1 2.8) alcoholism (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1 2.5) and asbestos exposure(OR=1.5, 95%CI=0.5 4.4) Consumption of vegetables (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.2 0.4) juices (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.3 0.4) fruits (OR=0.7, 95%CI=0.5 0.9) and milk (OR=0.6, 95%CI=0.5 0.8) showed reduction in risk of lung cancer. Strongest dose response relationships were observed for smoking ?2=333.8, p<=0.0000001) pesticide exposure ?2=50.9, p<=0.0000001) and exposure to diesel exhaust ?2=51.8, p<=0.0000001) CONCLUSIONS Smoking, pesticide exposure, diesel exhaust and meat consumption are main lung cancer determinants in Pakistan. Consuming vegetables, fruits, milk and juices can reduce the risk of lung cancer risk, as in other countries.
Impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on patients suffering from musculoskeletal tumours
Venue: International Orthopaedics
Year: 2020

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID 19) pandemic on musculoskeletal tumor service by conducting an online survey of physicians.  The survey was conducted among the members of the ISOLS (International Society of Limb Salvage) and the EMSOS (European Musculo Skeletal Oncology Society) The survey consisted of 20 questions (single, multiple response, ranked) origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions) potential disruption of healthcare (12 questions) and influence of the COVID 19 pandemic on the particular physician (four questions) A matrix with four different response options was created for the particular surgical procedures)  One hundred forty nine physicians from five continents completed the survey. Of the respondents, 20.1% and 20.7% stated that surgery for life threatening sarcomas were stopped or delayed, respectively. Even when the malignancy was expected to involve infiltration of a neurovascular bundle or fracture of a bone, still 13.8% and 14.7% of the respondents, respectively, stated that surgery was not performed. In cases of pending fractures of bone tumors, 37.5 to 46.2% of operations were canceled.  The SARS CoV 2 pandemic caused a significant reduction in healthcare (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) for malignancies of the musculoskeletal system. Delaying or stopping these treatments is life threatening or can cause severe morbidity, pain, and loss of function. Although the coronavirus disease causes severe medical complications, serious collateral damage including death due to delayed or untreated sarcomas should be avoided.
CARING NATIONAL IDENTITY THROUGH TEACHER CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE BORDER: PANCASILA ACTIONISTIC BASIC IMPLEMENTATION
Year: 2020

This study looks at the phenomenon of Nationalism Education in various tribes in the Entikong region of Indonesia which borders Malaysia. The purpose of this study looks at the contribution of teachers in the scope of nationalization directly and factually, this nationalization is closely related to the implementation of the Pancasila axillary values as forming national identity. This research is focused on students and the practice of teachers who live in border areas. Retrieval of field data using descriptive qualitative methods using research designs and semi ethnographic research procedures. The results of the field research indicate that the teacher carries out nationalization practices and campaigns through learning integration in the classroom and outside the classroom. There are 6 contributions seen in this study: teachers as instructors, teachers as managers, teachers as mentors, teachers as evaluators, teachers as members of professional organizations, and teachers as public relations specialists. This implication is expected to be able to strengthen the basis of national identity, especially in instilling Panacasila axiological values aimed at students at the Entikong border
Study A Public Key in RSA Algorithm
Year: 2020

To transmit sensitive information over the unsafe communication network like the internet network, the security is precarious tasks to protect this information. Always, we have much doubt that there are more chances to uncover the information that is being sent through network terminals or the internet by professional/amateur parasitical persons. To protect our information we may need a secure way to safeguard our transferred information. So, encryption/decryption, stenographic and vital cryptography may be adapted to care for the required important information. In system cryptography, the information transferred between both sides sender/receiver in the network must be scrambled using the encryption algorithm. The second side (receiver) should be outlook the original data using the decryption algorithms. Some encryption techniques applied the only one key in the cooperation of encryption and decryption algorithms. When the similar key used in both proceeds is called symmetric algorithm. Other techniques may use two different keys in encryption/decryption in transferring information which is known as the asymmetric key. In general, the algorithms that implicated asymmetric keys are much more secure than others using one key. RSA algorithm used asymmetric keys; one of them for encryption the message, and is known as a public key and another used to decrypt the encrypted message and is called a private key. The main disadvantage of the RSA algorithm is that extra time is taken to perform the encryption process. In this study, the MATLAB library functions are implemented to achieve the work. The software helps us to hold very big prime numbers to generate the required keys which enhanced the security of transmitted information and we expected to be difficult for a hacker to interfere with the private information. The algorithms are implemented successfully on different sizes of messages files.
Efficient dispatch of multi object polymorphic call sites in contextual role oriented programming languages
Venue: MPLR
Year: 2020

Adaptive software becomes more and more important as computing is increasingly context dependent. Runtime adaptability can be achieved by dynamically selecting and applying context specific code. Role oriented programming has been proposed as a paradigm to enable runtime adaptive software by design. Roles change the objects' behavior at runtime, thus adapting the software to a given context. The cost of adaptivity is however a high runtime overhead stemming from executing compositions of behavior modifying code. It has been shown that the overhead can be reduced by optimizing dispatch plans at runtime when contexts do not change, but no method exists to reduce the overhead in cases with high context variability. This paper presents a novel approach to implement polymorphic role dispatch, taking advantage of run time information to effectively guard abstractions and enable reuse even in the presence of variable contexts. The concept of polymorphic inline caches is extended to role invocations. We evaluate the implementation with a benchmark for role oriented programming languages achieving a geometric mean speedup of 4.0x (3.8x up to 4.5x) with static contexts, and close to no overhead in the case of varying contexts over the current implementation of contextual roles in Object Teams.
IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING CAPABILITIES ON MARKET PERFORMANCE OF SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISE AGRO PROCESSORS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE
Year: 2020

The importance of marketing capabilities continues to grow yet research remains concentrated in developed markets. Although several researchers provide evidence of the influence of marketing capabilities on market performance, very little of similar evidence exists in the digital marketing domain. Empirical evidence of the impact of digital marketing capabilities on market performance of small to medium enterprise (SME) agro processors particularly from developing countries remains scarce. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of digital marketing capabilities on SME agro processors' both intermediate and final market performance outcomes. To achieve this, we conducted a survey of 298 SME agro processors' managers and owners in Harare, Zimbabwe. A mixed sampling approach consisting of quota and stratified sampling approaches was adopted. We distributed a closed ended questionnaire through the drop off pick up and interviewer based methods. The data was analysed statistically using STATA version 15. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine impact of digital marketing capabilities on market performance. Our findings indicate that digital strategy development execution, digital market innovation, e market sensing and leadership capabilities positively influence intermediate market outcomes of customer awareness, customer attitudes, availability, and brand associations. However only digital strategy development execution capability was positively associated with final market performance outcomes of sales growth, market share and profitability. These results imply that agro processors must develop digital marketing capabilities that enable them to move beyond intermediate market outcomes to attain the primary business objectives of profitability, sales growth and market share. Attaining intermediate market outcomes only is not enough for business sustainability. The study contributes to literature by extending the marketing capabilities discussion to the digital marketing environment in a developing country context. This was important because marketing knowledge is contextual, as such cannot easily be transferred from one market to the other.
11 Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning
Year: 2006

The intent of this chapter is to familiarize readers with the principles and constructs of an approach to learning and mental development known as Sociocultural Theory.1 Sociocultural Theory (SCT) has its origins in the writings of the Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky and his colleagues. SCT argues that human mental functioning is fundamentally a mediated process that is organized by cultural artifacts, activities, and concepts (Ratner, 2002).2 Within this framework, humans are understood to utilize existing cultural artifacts and to create new ones that allow them to regulate their biological and behavioral activity. Language use, organization, and structure are the primary means of mediation. Practically speaking, developmental processes take place through participation in cultural, linguistic, and historically formed settings such as family life and peer group interaction, and in institutional contexts like schooling, organized sports activities, and work places, to name only a few. SCT argues that while human neurobiology is a necessary condition for higher order thinking, the most important forms of human cognitive activity develop
The Theory and Application of Blended Learning
Year: 2017

Blended learning as a combination of traditional and on line learning has aroused educators' great attention, but its definition, the theoretical foundation, the concrete application need to be studied further. This paper aims to make teachers and students have a better understanding about blended learning, analyzing the definition, the theory, teaching practice, influences on the teacher student relationship and the most barriers in blended learning by the method of questionnaire and interview. Although the result shows some obstacles that need to be overcomed by teachers and students, blended learning will be accepted as an effective approach to maximum the classroom efficiency in the digital world.  Blended learning; Constructivism; Assessment; New teacher student relationship; Challenge
Methylobacterium dankookense sp. nov. isolated from drinking water
Venue: The Journal of Microbiology
Year: 2009

A pink pigmented bacterium, designated SW08 7T was isolated from the drinking water of a water purifier. Cells were Gram negative, rod shaped, strictly aerobic, and non spore forming. It grew optimally at 25degC, pH 6~7. Phylogenese analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SW08 7T belongs to the genus Methylobacterium. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found to Methylobacterium mesophilicum JCM 2829T (96.9% Methylobacterium brachiatum B0021T (96.9% Methylobacterium phyllosphaerae CBMB27T (96.6% Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831T (96.6% and Methylobacterium hispanicum GP34T (96.5% DNA DNA hybridization experiment revealed low level (28.5% of DNA DNA relatedness between strain SW08 7T and Methylobacterium hispanicum. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol% and the major isoprenoid quinone was Q 10. The major cellular fatty acid of strain SW08 7T was C18:1o7c (79.8+ 2.1% Results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, and biochemical analyses revealed that strain SW08 7T could be classified as representing a novel species of genus Methylobacterium, for which the name Methylobacterium dankookense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW08 7T =KCTC 22512T =DSM 224151)
Effective feature selection framework for cluster analysis of microarray data
Venue: Bioinformation
Year: 2010

The microarray technique has become a standard means in simultaneously examining expression of all genes measured in different circumstances. As microarray data are typically characterized by high dimensional features with a small number of samples, feature selection needs to be incorporated to identify a subset of genes that are meaningful for biological interpretation and accountable for the sample variation. In this article, we present a simple, yet effective feature selection framework suitable for two dimensional microarray data. Our correlation based, nonparametric approach allows compact representation of class specific properties with a small number of genes. We evaluated our method using publicly available experimental data and obtained favorable results.
Basal ganglia and dopamine contributions to probabilistic category learning
Venue: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews
Year: 2008

Studies of the medial temporal lobe and basal ganglia memory systems have recently been extended towards understanding the neural systems contributing to category learning. The basal ganglia, in particular, have been linked to probabilistic category learning in humans. A separate parallel literature in systems neuroscience has emerged, indicating a role for the basal ganglia and related dopamine inputs in reward prediction and feedback processing. Here, we review behavioral, neuropsychological, functional neuroimaging, and computational studies of basal ganglia and dopamine contributions to learning in humans. Collectively, these studies implicate the basal ganglia in incremental, feedback based learning that involves integrating information across multiple experiences. The medial temporal lobes, by contrast, contribute to rapid encoding of relations between stimuli and support flexible generalization of learning to novel contexts and stimuli. By breaking down our understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms contributing to different aspects of learning, recent studies are providing insight into how, and when, these different processes support learning, how they may interact with each other, and the consequence of different forms of learning for the representation of knowledge.
Identification and Mitigation of a Vibrational Telescope Systematic with Application to Spitzer
Year: 2020

We observed Proxima Centauri with the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera five times in 2016 and 2017 to search for transits of Proxima Centauri b. Following standard analysis procedures, we found three asymmetric, transit like events that are now understood to be vibrational systematics. This systematic is correlated with the width of the point response function (PRF) which we measure with rotated and nonrotated Gaussian fits with respect to the detector array. We show that the systematic can be removed with a novel application of an adaptive elliptical aperture photometry technique, and compare the performance of this technique with fixed and variable circular aperture photometry, using both BiLinearly Interpolated Subpixel Sensitivity (BLISS) maps and nonbinned Pixel Level Decorrelation (PLD) With BLISS maps, elliptical photometry results in a lower standard deviation of normalized residuals, and reduced or similar correlated noise when compared to circular apertures. PLD prefers variable, circular apertures, but generally results in more correlated noise than BLISS. This vibrational effect is likely present in other telescopes and Spitzer observations, where correction could improve results. Our elliptical apertures can be applied to any photometry observations, and may be even more effective when applied to more circular PRFs than Spitzer's.
US Trade Wars in the Twenty First Century with Emerging Countries: Make America and its Partners Lose Again
Year: 2018

In a context of rising protectionist rhetoric, this paper looks at the potential impact of trade wars initiated by a change in US trade policies. We use a static multicountry, multisector general equilibrium model to evaluate six modalities of three potential trade wars for a total of 18 scenarios between the USA and China, between the USA and Mexico, and a combination of the two previous conflicts. In each case, we evaluate various forms of trade retaliation by the US partner(s) the same level of import duty as the one imposed by the USA, an import duty that minimises welfare loss, a duty that minimises terms of trade deterioration, a duty that generates the same amount of collected revenue, and finally a Nash equilibrium. We conclude that there is no scenario in which the US government augments its domestic welfare or GDP. There may be sectoral gains in value added in the USA, but they are small and to the detriment of other sectors. While losses for China are relatively small, potential losses for the Mexican economy are significant. There are also free riders of these trade wars. Finally, the way in which trade retaliations are designed matters greatly.