nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species.
Venue: Global change biology
Year: 2019

Extreme climate events (ECEs) such as severe droughts, heat waves and late spring frosts are rare but exert a paramount role in shaping tree species distributions. The frequency of such ECEs is expected to increase with climate warming, threatening the sustainability of temperate forests. Here, we analyzed 2844 tree ring width series of five dominant European tree species from 104 Swiss sites ranging from 400 to 2200 m a.s.l. for the period 1930 2016. We found that (i) the broadleaved oak and beech are sensitive to late frosts that strongly reduce current year growth; however, tree growth is highly resilient and fully recovers within two years; (ii) radial growth of the conifers larch and spruce is strongly and enduringly reduced by spring droughts these species are the least resistant and resilient to droughts; (iii) oak, silver fir, and to a lower extent beech, show higher resistance and resilience to spring droughts and seem therefore better adapted to the future climate. Our results allow a robust comparison of the tree growth responses to drought and spring frost across large climatic gradients and provide striking evidence that the growth of some of the most abundant and economically important European tree species will be increasingly limited by climate warming. These results could serve for supporting species selection to maintain the sustainability of forest ecosystem services under the expected increase in ECEs.
Enhanced credit card fraud detection based on SVM recursive feature elimination and hyper parameters optimization
Venue: J. Inf. Secur. Appl.
Year: 2020

With the growth of online shopping, Credit Card Fraud (CCF) comes out as a serious menace. For this end, the automatic and real time fraud detection field calls for several studies. The recent ones use many Machine Learning (ML) methods and techniques due to their beneficial characteristics to build a good fitting model to catch fraudulent transactions. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new model based on a hybrid approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection (CCFD) The proposed model, compared to previous studies, shows its strong ability to identify fraud transactions. Precisely, the robustness of our model is built by combining the strength of three sub methods; the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) for selecting the most useful predictive features, the GridSearchCV for Hyper Parameters Optimization (HPO) and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling (SMOTE) to overcome the imbalanced data problem. The experimentations of our model, on many real world data sets, gives the best results in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.
Impact of Survivorship Care on Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer With Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms.
Venue: Oncology nursing forum
Year: 2019

To assess post traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in young adult survivors of childhood cancer not receiving survivorship care and to determine whether attending a survivorship focused healthcare visit was associated with changes in PTSSs. SAMPLE SETTING 44 young adult survivors from the Yale Cancer Center in Connecticut without prior survivorship clinic attendance.  As part of a larger trial, participants were randomized to a model of survivorship focused health care. The University of California at Los Angeles Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Reaction Index assessed PTSS severity and frequency before and after the visit.  At baseline, almost half of the participants were classified as partial PTSD likely or PTSD likely. Many met criteria for elevated levels of individual symptoms, particularly avoidance or numbing. At follow up, PTSSs did not differ significantly from baseline.  Nurses should facilitate screening for PTSSs and promote interventions among survivors completing cancer therapy to help them transition to survivorship care.
Experimental and numerical investigation of Helmholtz resonators and perforated liners as attenuation devices in industrial gas turbine combustors
Year: 2015

This paper reports upon developments in the simulation of the passive control of combustion dynamics in industrial gas turbines using acoustic attenuation devices such as Helmholtz resonators and perforated liners. Combustion instability in gas turbine combustors may, if uncontrolled, lead to large amplitude pressure fluctuations, with consequent serious mechanical problems in the gas turbine combustor system. Perforated combustor walls and Helmholtz resonators are two commonly used passive instability control devices. However, experimental design of the noise attenuation device is time consuming and calls for expensive trial and error practice. Despite significant advances over recent decades, the ability of Computational Fluid Dynamics to predict the attenuation of pressure fluctuations by these instability control devices is still not well validated. In this paper, the attenuation of pressure fluctuations by a group of multi perforated panel absorbers and Helmholtz resonators are investigated both by experiment and computational simulation. It is demonstrated that CFD can predict the noise attenuation from Helmholtz resonators with good accuracy. A porous material model is modified to represent a multi perforated panel and this perforated wall representation approach is demonstrated to be able to accurately predict the pressure fluctuation attenuation effect of perforated panels. This work demonstrates the applicability of CFD in gas turbine combustion instability control device design.
Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Noncognitive Skill Profiles Among College Students
Year: 2017

Most research examining the relationship between noncognitive variables and academic performance has tended to focus on developing linear prediction models. However, a more holistic understanding of academic success can be achieved by examining the noncognitive profiles of students and their relationship with academic outcomes. In the present study, we used latent profile analysis to explore the noncognitive profiles of 5,120 college students. To better understand the nature of the profiles, the effect of covariates on class membership was examined. Results indicated that there were 6 latent profiles underlying the noncognitive skills of college students in our sample and that profile membership was associated with different collegiate grade point average levels. Our results have practical implications for the development of interventions intended to improve academic performance, which may be customized toward the specific needs of students presenting with diverse profiles.
Towards Practical Verification of Machine Learning: The Case of Computer Vision Systems
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2017

Due to the increasing usage of machine learning (ML) techniques in security and safety critical domains, such as autonomous systems and medical diagnosis, ensuring correct behavior of ML systems, especially for different corner cases, is of growing importance. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for evaluating security and robustness of ML systems using different real world safety properties. We further design, implement and evaluate VeriVis, a scalable methodology that can verify a diverse set of safety properties for state of the art computer vision systems with only blackbox access. VeriVis leverage different input space reduction techniques for efficient verification of different safety properties. VeriVis is able to find thousands of safety violations in fifteen state of the art computer vision systems including ten Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) such as Inception v3 and Nvidia's Dave self driving system with thousands of neurons as well as five commercial third party vision APIs including Google vision and Clarifai for twelve different safety properties. Furthermore, VeriVis can successfully verify local safety properties, on average, for around 31.7% of the test images. VeriVis finds up to 64.8x more violations than existing gradient based methods that, unlike VeriVis, cannot ensure non existence of any violations. Finally, we show that retraining using the safety violations detected by VeriVis can reduce the average number of violations up to 60.2%
Linking deliberative evaluation with integrated assessment and modelling: A methodological framework and its application to agricultural water management
Year: 2020

Dealing jointly with both systemic and social complexity is a challenge that we face with sustainability issues. However, joining these two aspects of complexity is more a "post normal science" call than an effective practice. Roughly speaking, analytical systemic approaches focus on the complex system side, while deliberative approaches deal with the multi actor side. Our framework for evaluating different alternative actions, called the S2CE, is intended to reconcile the two approaches. It takes as premises: the recognition of plural values, which makes competing actions only weakly comparable; and the existence of irreducible uncertainties, which gives a heuristic status to the future. The framework hybridises an integrated assessment and modelling exercise, with a deliberative multi criteria evaluation one, and concludes with a reflexive stage. Application to agricultural water management illustrates the strength of this cross fertilization. First, the use of computer simulations has been found to enrich collective deliberation by helping stakeholders form and transform their value judgments, and by raising critical questions about options that appeared consensual. Second, the deliberative evaluation informed the integrated assessment and modelling by revealing some model limitations, along with the model's unequal capacity to reflect the claims of different stakeholders.
Manajemen Konflik dalam Rumah Tangga Isteri yang Bekerja
Year: 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari hasil observasi awal penulis yaitu gugatan cerai oleh isteri kepada suaminya mendominasi kasus perceraian yang terjadi di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta. Ini terjadi pada mayoritas isteri yang be kerja di luar rumah. Berbeda dengan hal itu, di Perum Citra Permata Sakinah banyak isteri yang bekerja di luar rumah seperti di kantor pemerintahan, swasta, pabrik dan lainnya yang terikat dengan waktu yang sudah ditentukan. Walaupun mereka terikat dengan waktu tertentu, bahkan isteri yang bekerja di pabrik yang terikat dengan tiga sift yaitu sift pagi, siang dan malam tetapi mereka tidak mengalami permasalahan yang berarti, apalagi sampai kepada perceraian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konflik yang terjadi dalam rumah tangga isteri yang bekerja dan untuk mengetahui manajemen konflik yang diterapkan dalam rumah tangga isteri yang bekerja tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk konflik yang terjadi dalam rumah tangga isteri yang bekerja Perum Citra Permata Sakinah berupa perdebat an/pertengkaran dan tidak saling tegur sapa dengan pasangan. Konflik yang terjadi dalam rumah tangga tersebut disebabkan antara lain karena perbedaan pendapat, kecemburuan pasangan, keadaan ekonomi rumah tangga serta faktor eksternal: pihak ketiga, orang tua serta lingkungan. Selanjutnya konflik yang terjadi dalam rumah tangga tersebut dapat mendatangkan dampak negatif antara lain terhambatnya komunikasi antar pihak yang berkonflik, terganggunya kerjasama dalam rumah tangga, serta timbulnya rasa ketidak puasan dalam berumah tangga. Selain itu juga dapat berdampak positif di antaranya memandang bahwa konflik merupakan nikmat dari Allah SWT. penyesuaian diri dengan lingkungan rumah tangga, lebih berhati hati dalam bertindak di kemudian hari, serta sebagai langkah intropeksi diri dalam rumah tangga. Selanjutnya manajemen konflik yang diterapkan isteri yang bekerja yaitu dengan cara pendekatan terhadap hal yang melatarbelakangi konflik ter sebut, bermusyawarah mencari solusi baik dengan pasangan maupun melibat kan pihak ketiga misalnya orang tua, berdiam diri mengintrospeksi kesalahan sendiri yang mengakibatkan konflik tersebut muncul, serta saling pengertian terhadap kebiasaan dari masing masing pasangan. Dengan demikian, gaya manajemen konflik yang diterapkan yaitu gaya kolaborasi.
Estancamiento del ciclo la alfalfa en el alto valle del rio Negro: configuracion espacial y tendencias productivas desde una vision regulacionista.
Year: 2019

espanolEl presente trabajo propone un analisis del ciclo de la produccion de la alfalfa que da lugar al origen de la produccion fruticola en el Alto Valle del Rio Negro y Neuquen. Para ello se describira el circuito de la produccion de alfalfa, haciendo un corte explicativo hacia fines de la decada de 1930, cuando dicho cultivo ingresa en un periodo de estancamiento y consecuentemente dara lugar a los inicios de la fruticultura en la region. La crisis relativa del circuito productivo de la alfalfa puede ser entendida como una tendencia a la periferializacion de la actividad, generando habitos economicos y sociales que pudieron deteriorar las posibilidades de desarrollo de la region. En este punto se estudiara el impacto de las formas institucionales en la dinamica de la acumulacion del capital cuyas regularidades, en su mayoria, se heredaron de un circuito a otro, destacando el grado de concentracion en las diferentes etapas del circuito productivo y las tendencias en el destino de la comercializacion. portuguesEste artigo propoe uma analise do ciclo de producao de alfafa dando lugar a origem da producao de frutas no Alto Valle do Rio Negro e Neuquen. Para este circuito de producao da alfafa (ou luzerna) e descrito com um corte explicativo no final de 1930, quando a cultura entra em um periodo de estagnacao e consecuentemente leva aos primordios da fruticultura na regiao. A crise relativa do circuito produtivo da alfafa pode ser entendido como uma tendencia a periferizacao na atividade, gerando habitos economicos e sociais que como consequencia poderia ter prejudicado as oportunidades de desenvolvimento na regiao. Neste ponto, se estudara o impacto das formas institucionais na dinamica de acumulacao de capital cuja regularidades, na maioria, foram herdados de um circuito para outro estudo, destacando o grau de concentracao nas diferentes fases do circuito de producao e tendencias no destino da comercializacao.
The IEEE SA patent policy update under the lens of EU competition law
Year: 2016

In 2015, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers  Standardization Association made some controversial changes to its patent policy. The changes include a recommended method of calculation of FRAND royalty rates, and a request to members holding a standard essential patent to forego their right to seek an injunction except under limited circumstances. The updated policy was adopted by the IEEE Board of Directors after obtaining a favourable Business Review Letter by the US Department of Justice, which found any potential competitive harm from the policy to be outweighed by potential pro competitive benefits. In this paper, we examine whether the same favourable conclusion would be reached under EU competition analysis. After discussing the role of patent policies of standard setting organizations and the rules and principles applicable to the IEEE's activities, the paper concludes that standardization agreements based on the updated policy may constitute a violation of article 101 TFEU.
Moral Grammar and Intuitive Jurisprudence: A Formal Model of Unconscious Moral and Legal Knowledge
Year: 2008

Could a computer be programmed to make moral judgments about cases of intentional harm and unreasonable risk that match those judgments people already make intuitively? If the human moral sense is an unconscious computational mechanism of some sort, as many cognitive scientists have suggested, then the answer should be yes. So too if the search for reflective equilibrium is a sound enterprise, since achieving this state of affairs requires demarcating a set of considered judgments, stating them as explanandum sentences, and formulating a set of algorithms from which they can be derived. The same is true for theories that emphasize the role of emotions or heuristics in moral cognition, since they ultimately depend on intuitive appraisals of the stimulus that accomplish essentially the same tasks. Drawing on deontic logic, action theory, moral philosophy, and the common law of crime and tort, particularly Terry's five variable calculus of risk, I outline a formal model of moral grammar and intuitive jurisprudence along the foregoing lines, which defines the abstract properties of the relevant mapping and demonstrates their descriptive adequacy with respect to a range of common moral intuitions, which experimental studies have suggested may be universal or nearly so. Framing effects, protected values, and implications for the neuroscience of moral intuition are also discussed.
E Commerce for Organizational Development and Competitive Advantage
Year: 2013

As e commerce continues to develop, organizations have adopted its technological advancements in order to keep a strategic advantage in the business environment.E Commerce for Organizational Development and Competitive Advantage provides insight on the challenges related to the management aspects of e commerce and its influence over organizational development. With the growing applications of electronic commerce technologies, this reference source is vital for educators, researchers, and managers interested in the advantages of this field.
Recognising online spatial activities using a bioinformatics inspired sequence alignment approach
Venue: Pattern Recognit.
Year: 2008

In this paper we address the problem of recognising embedded activities within continuous spatial sequences obtained from an online video tracking system. Traditionally, continuous data streams such as video tracking data are buffered with a sliding window applied to the buffered data stream for activity detection. We introduce an algorithm based on Smith Waterman (SW) local alignment from the field of bioinformatics that can locate and accurately quantify embedded activities within a windowed sequence. The modified SW approach utilises dynamic programming with two dimensional spatial data to quantify sequence similarity and is capable of recognising sequences containing gaps and significant amounts of noise. A more efficient SW formulation for online recognition, called Online SW (OSW) is also developed. Through experimentation we show that the OSW algorithm can accurately and robustly recognise manually segmented activity sequences as well as embedded sequences from an online tracking system. To benchmark the classification performance of OSW we compare the approach to dynamic time warping (DTW) and the discrete hidden Markov model (HMM) Results demonstrate that OSW produces higher precision and recall than both DTW and the HMM in an online recognition context. With accurately segmented sequences the SW approach produces results comparable to DTW and superior to the HMM. Finally, we confirm the robust property of the SW approach by evaluating it with sequences containing artificially incorporated noise.
Estimating causal effects from epidemiological data
Venue: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Year: 2006

In ideal randomised experiments, association is causation: association measures can be interpreted as effect measures because randomisation ensures that the exposed and the unexposed are exchangeable. On the other hand, in observational studies, association is not generally causation: association measures cannot be interpreted as effect measures because the exposed and the unexposed are not generally exchangeable. However, observational research is often the only alternative for causal inference. This article reviews a condition that permits the estimation of causal effects from observational data, and two methods standardisation and inverse probability weighting to estimate population causal effects under that condition. For simplicity, the main description is restricted to dichotomous variables and assumes that no random error attributable to sampling variability exists. The appendix provides a generalisation of inverse probability weighting.
Measuring labor supply and demand shocks during COVID 19
Venue: European Economic Review
Year: 2021

We measure labor demand and supply shocks at the sector level around the COVID 19 outbreak by estimating a Bayesian structural vector autoregression on monthly statistics of hours worked and real wages. Most sectors were subject to large negative labor supply and demand shocks in March and April, with substantial heterogeneity in the size of shocks across sectors. Our estimates suggest that two thirds of the drop in the aggregate growth rate of hours in March and April 2020 are attributable to labor supply. We validate our estimates of supply shocks by showing that they are correlated with sectoral measures of telework.
Synthesis of Copper Based Nanostructures in Liquid Environments by Means of a Non equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Nanopulsed Plasma Jet
Venue: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing
Year: 2018

The influence of the liquid composition on the chemical and morphological properties of copper based nanostructures synthesized by a non equilibrium atmospheric plasma treatment is investigated and discussed. The synthesis approach is simple and environmentally friendly, employs a non equilibrium nanopulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet as a contactless cathode and a Cu foil as immersed anode. The process was studied using four distinct electrolyte solutions composed of distilled water and either NaCl NaOH, NaCl only or NaOH only at two different concentrations, without the addition of any copper salts. CuO crystalline structures with limited impurities (e.g. Cu and Cu(OH)2 phases) were produced from NaCl NaOH containing solutions, mainly CuO and CuCl2 structures were synthesized in the electrolyte solution containing only NaCl and no synthesis occurred in solutions containing only NaOH. Both aggregated and dispersed nanostructures were produced in the NaCl NaOH and NaCl containing solutions. Reaction pathways leading to the formation of the nanostructures are proposed and discussed.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PERHITUNGAN TARIF ANGKUTAN UMUM DENGAN PENGGUNAAN GMAP BERBASIS ANDROID
Year: 2020

Dengan perancangan sebuah aplikasi perhitungan tarif angkutan umum dengan penggunaan gmap berbasis android memudahkan penumpang untuk menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Dimasa sekarang ini media informasi dengan dukungan teknologi sangat dibutuhkan terlebih dengan teknologi yang semakin modern memudahkan pihak pengguna untuk saling mencari informasi. Perkembangan teknologi dapat di rasakan dengan semakin banyak layanan berbasis website dan aplikasi android yang memudahkan pihak pengguna dengan hanya menggunakan jaringan computer atau media internet. Dengan dukungan media informasi yang telah berkembang maka banyak pengguna yang merasakan perkembangan tersebut. Pada saat era modern sekarang angkutan umum ternyata masih diminati oleh berbagai kalangan sehingga, untuk memudahkan pengguna angkutan umum mendapatkan informasi mengenai jarak dan tarif perlu adanya pengembangan dan pembangunan system baru. Pengembangan dan pembangunan sebuah system baru dapat membantu seorang pengguna angkutan umum untuk melihat informasi detail angkutan umum tersebut yaitu system baru yang dirancang khusus untuk melihat rute angkutan, no angkutan, jarak angkutan, dan tarif angkutan yang harus di bayar dengan berbasis gmap pada aplikasi android.Dengan media mobile phone pengguna angkutan umum dapat mengetahui langsung rute angkutan, no angkutan, jarak angkutan, dan tarif angkutan, cukup dengan menjalankan aplikasi perhitungan tarif angkutan umum dengan penggunaan gmap berbasis android.