nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga toxin producing E. coli and Shigella/EIEC by culture and a multiplex PCR panel in pediatric patients with acute diarrheal illness
Venue: Journal of Laboratory Medicine
Year: 2019

Acute diarrhea is the second most common cause of child deaths worldwide. We investigated Salmonella species (spp. Campylobacter spp. Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Shigella spp./enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) in stool samples of 741 pediatric patients with acute diarrheal illness.  Between January 2017 and October 2017, 741 stool specimens were tested by the BD Max Enteric Bacterial Panel (EBP) assay and conventional culture.  Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 were detected in 10 (1.3% 20 (2.7% and two (0.3% stool specimens by culture, respectively. Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. Shiga toxin and Shigella/EIEC were detected in 46 (6.2% 37 (5.0% 20 (2.7% and three (0.4% stool specimens by the BD Max EBP assay, respectively. The percentage of detected pathogens was 4.3% (32/741) by culture. Use of the BD Max EBP assay identified an additional 112 pathogens, thereby increasing the frequency to 15.1% (112/741) Empirically, 58 patients received antibiotics and 43 patients underwent probiotic and/or symptomatic therapy.  We concluded that nucleic acid amplification testing markedly improves the detection rates of bacterial stool pathogens and offers rapid results.
Fusion of 3D LIDAR and Camera Data for Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicle Applications
Venue: IEEE Sensors Journal
Year: 2020

It is vital that autonomous vehicles acquire accurate and real time information about objects in their vicinity, which fully guarantees the safety of the passengers and vehicle in various environments. Three dimensional light detection and ranging (3D LIDAR) sensors can directly obtain the position and geometric structure of an object within its detection range, whereas the use of vision cameras is most suitable for object recognition. Accordingly, in this paper, we present a novel object detection and identification method that fuses the complementary information obtained by two types of sensors. First, we utilise 3D LIDAR data to generate accurate object region proposals. Then, these candidates are mapped onto the image space from which regions of interest (ROI) of the proposals are selected and input to a convolutional neural network (CNN) for further object recognition. To precisely identify the sizes of all the objects, we combine the features of the last three layers of the CNN to extract multi scale features from the ROIs. The evaluation results obtained on the KITTI dataset demonstrate that: (1) unlike sliding windows that produce thousands of candidate object region proposals, 3D LIDAR provides an average of 86 real candidates per frame and the minimal recall rate is better than 95% which greatly decreases the extraction time; (2) The average processing time for each frame of the proposed method is only 66.79 ms, which meets the real time demand of autonomous vehicles; (3) The average identification accuracies of our method for cars and pedestrians at a moderate level of difficulty are 89.04% and 78.18% respectively, which is better than those of most previous methods.
Study of chirped pulse amplification based on Raman backscattering
Venue: Optics Optoelectronics
Year: 2009

Raman backscattering (RBS) in plasma is an attractive source of intense, ultrashort laser pulses, which has the potential asa basic for a new generation of laser  Taking advantage of plasma, which can withstand extremely high power densities and can offer high efficiencies over short distances, Raman amplification in plasma could lead to significant reductions in both size and cost of high power laser systems. Chirped laser pulse amplification through RBS could be an effective way to transfer energy from a long pump pulse to a resonant counter propagating short probe pulse. The probe pulse is spectrally broadened in a controlled manner through self phase modulation. Mechanism of chirped pulse Raman amplification has been studied, and features of supperradiant growth associated with the nonlinear stage are observed in the linear regime. Gain measurements are briefly summarized. The experimental measurements are in qualitative agreement with simulations and theoretical predictions.
High resolution MEMRI characterizes laminar specific ascending and descending spinal cord pathways in rats
Year: 2019

Manganese Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) utilizing different manganese chloride (MnCl2) delivery methods, has yielded valuable architectural, functional and connection information about the brain. MEMRI also has the potential in characterizing neural pathways in the spinal cord. The spinal cord grey matter is anatomically composed of nine distinct cellular laminae, where each of the laminae receives input from a specific type of neuronal population and process or serves as a relay region in a specific sensory or motor pathway. This type of laminar arrangement in the spinal cord is currently only visualized by histological methods. It is of significant interest to determine whether laminar specific enhancement by Mn2+ can be achieved in the spinal cord, as has been reported in the brain and olfactory pathway. Here we focus on using MEMRI to determine the specific laminae of the thoracic region of the spinal cord. We focus on MnCl2 changes in the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord. Major factors in applying this technique in the spinal cord are the ability to acquire high resolution spinal cord images and to determine a noninvasive route of administration which will result in uptake by the central nervous system. We have applied the MEMRI approach by intraperitoneal (i.p) delivery of MnCl2 and imaged lumbar and thoracic spinal cord levels in rats to determine whether T1 weighted MRI can detect spinal cord laminae 48 hours following MnCl2 administration. T1 weighted images of the lower lumbar level were obtained from MnCl2 injected and control rats. Here we demonstrate laminar specific signal enhancement in the spinal cord of rats administered with MnCl2 vs. controls in MRI of the cord with ultra high, 69 mm in plane resolution. We also report reduced T1 values over time in MnCl2 groups across laminae I IX. The regions with the largest T1 enhancements were observed to correspond to laminae that contain either high cell density or large motor neurons, making MEMRI an excellent tool for studying spinal cord architecture, physiology and function in different animal models.
LeFlow: Enabling Flexible FPGA High Level Synthesis of Tensorflow Deep Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

Recent work has shown that Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) play an important role in the acceleration of Machine Learning applications. Initial specification of machine learning applications are often done using a high level Python oriented framework such as Tensorflow, followed by a manual translation to either C or RTL for synthesis using vendor tools. This manual translation step is time consuming and requires expertise that limit the applicability of FPGAs in this important domain. In this paper, we present an open source tool flow that maps numerical computation models written in Tensorflow to synthesizable hardware. Unlike other tools, which are often constrained by a small number of inflexible templates, our flow uses Google's XLA compiler which emits LLVM code directly from a Tensorflow specification. This LLVM code can then be used with a high level synthesis tool to automatically generate hardware. We show that our flow allows users to generate Deep Neural Networks with very few lines of Python code.
Exploitation of Guangxi Tourist Antique Towns
Year: 2007

Situated on the southern frontier of China,Guangxi,one with an old history,has a lot of antique towns,a few of which were unexploited and modernization hasn't found its way into these areas,thus the local antique architecture has been preserved practically as Huangyao in Zhaoping,Daxu in Lingchuan,Yangmei in Nanning so on and so forth,Since the reform and opening,these ancient towns have been rediscovered and become well known scenic spots in the world,So in the course of exploitation,these towns' antique features should be protected and the relation between conservation and exploitation,between inharitance and development must be balanced well for its sustainable development.
Micromachined catheter flow sensor and its applications in breathing measurements in animal experiments
Year: 2014

A combination of silicone oil and a parylene film coating was newly introduced in the packaging process of a catheter flow sensor for measuring breathing characteristics under high humidity conditions. The produced catheter flow sensor was used in two animal experiments described in this paper to verify its usefulness. At first, it was inserted into the air passage of a mouse, and then methacholine was given to it to provoke contraction of the air passage. The sensor could directly detect the breathing characteristics successfully. Then, the sensor was inserted into a rabbit bronchus by using a guide tube and a fiberscope. The position of the tube's fore end was confirmed from images taken using the fiberscope. The sensor directly evaluated the breathing characteristics of rabbits with and without a pneumothorax. We conclude from these results that our developed catheter flow sensor can be used in the future to directly measure the breathing characteristics in a bronchus.
Understanding social and cultural aspects of teachers' digital competencies
Venue: Comunicar
Year: 2019

Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a 'professional digitally competent teacher' may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the 'domestication of technology' Muchos gobiernos europeos, incluido el de Noruega, tienen politicas educativas ambiciosas en materia de digitalizacion. Muchas empresas y responsables politicos prestan gran atencion al uso de las tecnologias digitales en la educacion para satisfacer la futura demanda de una mano de obra competente y cualificada. Entre los investigadores y los legisladores, existe un consenso general al considerar a los docentes profesionales como una figura clave para la aplicacion con exito de las TIC en la escuela, en lo referente a su implementacion y su uso, y se han depositado muchas expectativas en ellos. Se supone que el docente profesional debe, hasta cierto punto, decidir de manera autonoma como se han de utilizar estas tecnologias digitales en el aula. Este articulo analiza lo que puede significar el concepto de <docente profesional digitalmente competente> en el contexto de la escuela. Tambien argumenta sobre la necesidad de una mejor interpretacion de la competencia digital profesional, que tenga en cuenta diversos aspectos sociales y culturales en relacion con la tecnologia, las escuelas y la profesion docente. Al analizar las condiciones sociales y culturales para implementar la tecnologia en un contexto de ensenanza profesional, nos basaremos en el enfoque constructivista de la tecnologia, en concreto, la <domesticacion de la tecnologia>
Candidate iO from Homomorphic Encryption Schemes
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Year: 2020

We propose a new approach to construct general purpose indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) Our construction is obtained via a new intermediate primitive that we call split fully homomorphic encryption (split FHE) which we show to be sufficient for constructing iO. Specifically, split FHE is FHE where decryption takes the following two step syntactic form: (i) A secret decryption step uses the secret key and produces a hint which is (asymptotically) shorter than the length of the encrypted message, and (ii) a public decryption step that only requires the ciphertext and the previously generated hint (and not the entire secret key) and recovers the encrypted message. In terms of security, the hints for a set of ciphertexts should not allow one to violate semantic security for any other ciphertexts.
No study left behind: a network meta analysis in non small cell lung cancer demonstrating the importance of considering all relevant data.
Venue: Value in health the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
Year: 2009

To demonstrate the importance of considering all relevant indirect data in a network meta analysis of treatments for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) METHODS A recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence appraisal focussed on the indirect comparison of docetaxel with erlotinib in second line treatment of NSCLC based on trials including a common comparator. We compared the results of this analysis to a network meta analysis including other trials that formed a network of evidence. We also examined the importance of allowing for the correlations between the estimated treatment effects that can arise when analysing such networks.  The analysis of the restricted network including only trials of docetaxel and erlotinib linked via the common placebo comparator produced an estimated mean hazard ratio (HR) for erlotinib compared with docetaxel of 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 2.97) In contrast, the network meta analysis produced an estimated HR for erlotinib compared with docetaxel of 0.83 (95% CI 0.65 1.06) Analyzing the wider network improved the precision of estimated treatment effects, altered their rankings and also allowed further treatments to be compared. Some of the estimated treatment effects from the wider network were highly correlated.  This empirical example shows the importance of considering all potentially relevant data when comparing treatments. Care should therefore be taken to consider all relevant information, including correlations induced by the network of trial data, when comparing treatments.
A handle bar metaphor for virtual object manipulation with mid air interaction
Venue: CHI
Year: 2012

Commercial 3D scene acquisition systems such as the Microsoft Kinect sensor can reduce the cost barrier of realizing mid air interaction. However, since it can only sense hand position but not hand orientation robustly, current mid air interaction methods for 3D virtual object manipulation often require contextual and mode switching to perform translation, rotation, and scaling, thus preventing natural continuous gestural interactions. A novel handle bar metaphor is proposed as an effective visual control metaphor between the user's hand gestures and the corresponding virtual object manipulation operations. It mimics a familiar situation of handling objects that are skewered with a bimanual handle bar. The use of relative 3D motion of the two hands to design the mid air interaction allows us to provide precise controllability despite the Kinect sensor's low image resolution. A comprehensive repertoire of 3D manipulation operations is proposed to manipulate single objects, perform fast constrained rotation, and pack/align multiple objects along a line. Three user studies were devised to demonstrate the efficacy and intuitiveness of the proposed interaction techniques on different virtual manipulation scenarios.
Learning Time Series Data of Industrial Design Optimization using Recurrent Neural Networks
Venue: 2019 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)
Year: 2019

In automotive digital development, 3D shape morphing techniques are used to create new designs in order to match design targets, such as aerodynamic or stylistic requirements. Control point based shape morphing alters existing geometries either through human user interactions or through computational optimization algorithms that optimize for product performance targets. Shape morphing is typically continuous and results in potentially large data sets of time series recordings of control point movements. In the present paper, we utilize recurrent neural networks to model such time series recordings in order to predict future design steps based on the history of currently performed design modifications. To build a data set sufficiently large for the training of neural networks, we use target shape matching optimization as digital analogy for a human user interactive shape modification and to build data sets of control point movements in an automated fashion. Experiments show the potential of recurrent neural networks to successfully learn time series data representing design changes and to perform single and multi step prediction of potential next design steps. We thus demonstrate the feasibility of recurrent neural networks for learning successful design sequences in order to predict promising next design steps in future design tasks.
Aprendizaje Servicio en escenarios digitales de aprendizaje: propuesta innovadora en la educacion superior
Year: 2020

El reconocimiento y el rediseno de los aprendizajes en diferentes escenarios de aprendizaje son los principales desafios a los que se enfrenta actualmente la educacion superior. Una de las lineas de trabajo es el impulso de metodologias innovadoras, como el aprendizaje servicio (ApS) capaces de crear experiencias practicas reales que cierren la brecha entre el aprendizaje que se genera en el aula y su aplicacion en el mundo real. Metodologias que no pueden quedar al margen de las innovaciones tecnologicas, que no se entienden sin la informacion que proporcionan y sin la comunicacion que es capaz de facilitar. Por primera vez, la transformacion afecta a lo mas genuino de todo ser humano: su estructura comunicativa y cognitiva desarrollado a traves de un lenguaje multimodal, hipertextual y no lineal, lo que exige la transformacion de la educacion, a la vez que su apertura a los escenarios digitales. En este proceso, este articulo revisa los supuestos de esta apuesta por la innovacion en la cual la tecnologia posibilita esas nuevas formas de aprendizaje. En este marco, el ApS virtual integra las tecnologias en su diseno y desarrollo posterior, apoyandose en los recursos digitales que nos facilita este medio. Es decir, aprendizaje y servicio se desarrollan en y con la red, generando una modalidad inmersiva y real en el ciberespacio. Es necesario analizar lo que suponen estos nuevos escenarios educativos, en los que se incluyen estas metodologias que, al contacto con las tecnologias digitales, multiplican y amplifican sus posibilidades y efectos pedagogicos.
Numerical simulations of ceramic deposition and retention in metal ceramic composite cold spray
Year: 2020

Cold spray involving ceramic particle and metal substrates has been investigated using systematic numerical simulations, considering dynamic fragmentation of the ceramic particle. The crater depth has been demonstrated to be a key factor in determining the ceramic retention. For soft substrates, the ceramic retention can also be greatly affected by the occurrence of jetting that induces highly localized plastic deformation at the crater edges to result in ceramic loss. On the other hand, hard substrates exhibit negligible deformation and subsequently limited ceramic retention, with the degree of retention found to be influenced by thermal softening of the substrate. Furthermore, it has been shown that substrate roughness can mitigate jetting and increase crater depth, thus encourage ceramic retention. The present clarifies the roles of various factors in controlling first layer deposition efficiency of ceramic on metal substrates, providing new mechanistic information for understanding the initial stage of composite coating buildup through cold spray.
Measuring online dialogic conversations' quality: a scale development
Year: 2016

The purpose of this paper is to develop a measurement scale for assessing the quality of dialogic conversations among companies and digital publics in social media. Dialogic conversations are defined as sequences of communicative actions and counteractions taken by social actors for different purposes based on specific linguistic choices and characterised by diverse communicative approaches and the role played by the involved parties.  A multidimensional scale for measuring dialogic conversations is developed from relevant literature concerning dialogue and public engagement in the fields of corporate communication, public relations, management studies and conversation analysis. The scale is built on three main dimensions: organisation turn taking, sequencing of conversation, repair strategies and procedures. A pilot study was conducted to purify it from irrelevant variables.  Results of the pilot study show a general good level of reliability for the majority of the proposed variables for Facebook but not for Twitter. This may indicate that Facebook is a more dialogical forum than Twitter.  This is the first study proposing a systematic measurement of the dialogue orientation of online conversations that takes into consideration the role of language and communicative actions. The proposed measurement offers corporate communication managers a concrete tool for evaluating the quality of their online communications and for identifying those areas of their online communication that need improvement.
Data Collection and Methodology for Web 2.0 Tools in Academic Libraries in Lucknow
Year: 2015

The aim of this paper is to provide information of web 2.0 technology in terms of academic libraries. Web 2.0 technologies have noticed the rapid increase of social networking sites or tools, which make available a medium to connect with users. There are some social site network applications are in recent time are the most up to date properties of the web users. In libraries the main applications are used such as Social networking sites, wikis, IM, RSS, Blogs, Book marking etc. web 2.0 or Library 2.0 has changed the usual way of thinking regarding the profession wherever academic library simply fit into place in creating the content as well as services in favor of user shifted to the area of user where librarian determination facilitate user to create them on behalf of themselves.
The Impact of Green Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance through Green Innovation: The Moderating Role of Strategic Green Marketing Orientation
Year: 2020

Environmental protection has become a matter of market rivalry and competitive advantage. Therefore, the ideas of green entrepreneurial orientation, green innovation and green marketing etc. highly concern from last few decades in business research. Although the direct relationships between green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) green innovation (GI) and firm performance (FP) have been investigated by different researchers but indirect relationship through GI are scant in literature. This study fills out the gap by investigating the impact of GEO on FP through GI and moderating role of strategic green marketing orientation (SGMO) in SMEs of Pakistan.