nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Efficient Detection of Malicious VBA Macros with LSI
Venue: IWSEC
Year: 2019

Targeted email attacks are one of main threats for organizations of all sizes and across every field. In targeted email attacks, malicious VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) macros are often contained in the attachment files to exploit the target computers. These malicious VBA macros are obfuscated in several ways to evade detection. Hence, pattern based detection has a limitation in detecting these new malicious VBA macros. To detect new malicious VBA macros, some methods with machine learning techniques have been proposed. A method extracts words from the source code, and constructs a language model to represent VBA macros for machine learning techniques. This method, however, constructs a language model from all the extracted words. Therefore, this model might contain unnecessary words to classify. To construct an efficient language model, we focus on LSI (Latent Semantic Indexing) LSI is one of the foundational techniques in topic modeling, and calculates similarity of documents. Our method uses LSI to construct an efficient language model, which produces more accuracy and efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first method to detect new malicious VBA macros with LSI. Our method extracts words from the source code and converts into feature vectors with some Natural Language Processing techniques. Our method trains a classifier with benign and malicious VBA macros and detects new malicious VBA macros. Several thousands of samples for evaluation are obtained from Virus Total. The experimental result shows that our method can detect new malicious VBA macros more accurately and efficiently. The best F measure achieves 0.95.
From luminance to semantics: how natural objects are represented in monkey inferotemporal cortex.
Year: 2011

In primates, visual object information is processed through a hierarchy of cortico cortical stages that culminates with the inferotemporal cortex (IT) Although the nature of visual processing in IT is still poorly understood, several lines of evidence suggest that IT conveys an explicit object representation that can directly serve as a basis for decision, action and memory e.g. it can support flexible formation of semantic categories in downstream areas, such as prefrontal and perirhinal cortex. However, some recent studies (Kiani et al, 2007; Kriegeskorte et al, 2008) have argued that IT neuronal ensembles may themselves code the semantic membership of visual objects (i.e. represent such abstract conceptual classes such as animate and inanimate objects, animals, etc) In this study, we have applied an array of multi variate computational approaches to investigate the nature of visual objects' representation in IT. Our results show that IT neuronal ensembles represent a surprisingly broad spectrum of visual features complexity, ranging from low level visual properties (e.g. brightness) to visual patterns of intermediate complexity (e.g. star like shapes) to complex objects (e.g. four leg animals) that appear to be coded so invariantly that their clustering in the IT neuronal space is not easily accountable by any similarity metric we used. On the one hand, these findings show that IT supports recognition of low level properties of the visual input that are typically though to be extracted by lower level visual areas. On the other hand, IT appears to convey such an explicit representation of some object classes that coding of semantic membership in IT (at least for a few categories) cannot be excluded. Overall, these results shed new light on IT amazing pluripotency in supporting recognition tasks as diverse as detection of brightness and categorization of complex shapes
Multidimensional Linear Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round Serpent
Venue: ACISP
Year: 2008

Various authors have previously presented different approaches how to exploit multiple linear approximations to enhance linear cryptanalysis. In this paper we present a new truly multidimensional approach to generalise Matsui's Algorithm 1. We derive the statistical framework for it and show how to calculate multidimensional probability distributions based on correlations of one dimensional linear approximations. The main advantage is that the assumption about statistical independence of linear approximations can be removed. Then we apply these new techniques to four rounds of the block cipher Serpent and show that the multidimensional approach is more effective in recovering key bits correctly than the previous methods that use a multiple of one dimensional linear approximations.
A new generalized shrinkage conjugate gradient method for sparse recovery
Year: 2018

In this paper, a new procedure, called generalized shrinkage conjugate gradient (GSCG) is presented to solve the \ell _1$$l1 regularized convex minimization problem. In GSCG, we present a new descent condition. If such a condition holds, an efficient descent direction is presented by an attractive combination of a generalized form of the conjugate gradient direction and the ISTA descent direction. Otherwise, ISTA is improved by a new step size of the shrinkage operator. The global convergence of GSCG is established under some assumptions and its sublinear (R linear) convergence rate in the convex (strongly convex) case. In numerical results, the suitability of GSCG is evaluated for compressed sensing and image debluring problems on the set of randomly generated test problems with dimensions $n\in {2^{10}\ldots ,2^{17}$n{210,,217} and some images, respectively, in Matlab. These numerical results show that GSCG is efficient and robust for these problems in terms of the speed and ability of the sparse reconstruction in comparison with several state of the art algorithms.
Conscious Leadership.
Venue: AORN journal
Year: 2016

Health care leaders need to use leadership methodologies that support safe patient care, satisfy employees, and improve the bottom line. Conscious leaders help create desirable personal and professional life experiences for themselves using specific tools that include mindfulness, context, and the observer self, and they strive to help their employees learn to use these tools as well. In perioperative nursing, conscious leaders create an environment in which nurses are supported in their aim to provide the highest level of patient care and in which transformations are encouraged to take place; this environment ultimately promotes safety, contributes to fulfilling and meaningful work, and enhances a facility's financial viability. This article discusses some of the key concepts behind conscious leadership, how perioperative leaders can reach and maintain expanded consciousness, and how they can best assist their staff members in their own evolution to a more mindful state.
Analysis of methodologies for determination of the economic pipe diameter
Year: 2019

The design of water distribution systems includes, above all, the determination of the pipe size that meets the requirements of the system and brings reduced annual costs of installation and operation. Among the existing methodologies for the economic pipe diameter determination, Bresse's equation is still common among designers. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of Bresse's equation, the MBPW and the MLVPC, comparing them with the MREC. We recommend that the designers do not use the MBPW and the MLVPC. When referring to water distribution systems of small size, it is possible to use the equation of Bresse, as long as it is used with a proper value for its coefficient k. For HDPE, we propose k 1.17 or k 1.18. For PVC DEFOFO and GFRP, we suggest the range of 1.19 to 1.23 and 1.29 to 1.32, respectively. Regarding the water distribution systems of bigger dimensions, we recommend the use of MREC as the methodology for the economic pipe diameter determination, due to the impossibility of finding an appropriate value for the Bresse's equation coefficient.
The Stability Pro Forma
Year: 2012

This chapter deals with the stability pro forma. It reveals that there is now a trend to supply a blank pro forma for the master or mate to fill in that covers the loading condition for a ship. As the trim and stability calculations are made, this information is transferred or filled in on the pro forma. An example showing the steps in this procedure is provided. The chapter provides a list of nomenclature of various ship terms. Some photographs of merchant ships are also provided. The chapter presents a chart of the ships of this millennium, including their related information.
Assessing beans as a source of intrinsic fiber on satiety in men and women with metabolic syndrome
Venue: Appetite
Year: 2017

Dietary fiber is well known for its satiety inducing properties. Adding fibers to mixed dishes is one way to increase fiber intake. However, adding fibers to foods versus including foods inherently containing fiber may reveal differing effects on satiety. The present study aimed to explore the satiety effects of adding fiber to a mixed meal versus using beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a source of intrinsic fiber in the meal. In this pilot study, 12 men and women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to eat three standard meals in a crossover design on three different occasions that contained either no added fiber (control (NF) extrinsic or added fiber (AF) or whole black beans as the source of intrinsic fiber (BN) Meals were matched for energy and macronutrient composition. Five hour postprandial subjective satiety was measured along with blood glucose, insulin, and the GI hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY3 36) All meals induced fullness to a similar degree; however, the AF meal suppressed prospective consumption (F2,187 9.05, P 0.0002) compared to the BN or NF meals. The NF meal tended to result in more satisfaction than the BN meal (F2,187 5.91, P 0.003) The BN meal produced significantly higher postprandial CCK concentrations compared to the AF (F2,187 6.82, P 0.001) and NF meals (F2,187 6.82, P 0.002) Similar findings were observed for PYY3 36 response for BN AF meal (F2,170 9.11, P 0.0001) Postprandial insulin was significantly reduced after the BN meal, compared to the NF (F2,187 22.36, P 0.0001) meal. These findings suggest that incorporating whole black beans into a meal has acute beneficial metabolic and GI hormone responses in adults with metabolic syndrome and are preferred over adding equivalent amounts of fiber from a supplement.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS No. 133) Implications for Profitability Measures and Stock Prices
Year: 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of firms using derivatives applying Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133. It aims to measure the magnitude of cumulative effects of changes in accounting principle from the income statement in the year of adoption, market reaction to earnings announcements, and key financial ratios effects.  Search of the Compustat Industrial database for firms reporting a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle in their annual income statements for fiscal years ending after 15 June, 2000. We then examine the impact of firms using derivatives applying SFAS No. 133.  The sampled firms reported an absolute cumulative effect on income of $6.8 billion, 65 per cent of which was negative. Significant negative unexpected returns were observed around earnings announcement dates. Abnormal returns correlated with the cumulative effect, rather than with change in earnings per share from operations, showing that the surprise related to the accounting change. Ratio analyzes and regressions results show sampled firms with material unrealized gains and losses related to hedging with derivative instruments. Earnings related ratios, return on assets (ROA) return on equity (ROE) and measures of other comprehensive income decreased significantly from 2000 to 2001 after experiencing prior period significant increases.  The results presented in the paper should lead to further research on the effect on new authoritative standards on the financial reporting process.  Rather than judge SFAS No. 133's relative merits and shortcomings, the Standard's actual (rather than predicted) effects were analyzed. Focus was on the magnitude of the impact of SFAS No. 133 and the effect on key financial ratios. The impact of adopting the Standard was analyzed and it was found that it violated a basic tenet of financial accounting pronouncements: a "value neutral" basis was examined.
FORMULASI GEL MINYAK YLANG YLANG DAN UJI DAYA ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT
Year: 2017

Minyak ylang ylang telah diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan gel dengan konsentrasi 3% menggunakan hidroksipropil metilselulosa sebagai bahan pembentuk gel dengan konsentrasi 2, 2,5, 3, 3,5 dan 4% Kontrol positif adalah sediaan gel klindamisin yang beredar di pasaran. Masing masing formula dievaluasi berupa pemerian, homogenitas, pH, uji daya menyebar, uji daya tercuci, pemeriksaan stabilitas terhadap pendinginan, dan uji mikrobiologi dengan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab jerawat. Hasil evaluasi fisik gel menunjukkan bahwa F1 dan F2 tidak stabil selama enam minggu penyimpanan, sedangkan F3, F4, dan F5 stabil selama enam minggu penyimpanan. Hasil uji mikrobiologi gel minyak ylang ylang menunjukkan daya hambat lemah sampai sedang terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat. F3 merupakan formula terbaik karena stabil selama penyimpanan dan memberikan daya hambat terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan F4 dan F5. Daya hambat gel minyak ylang ylang kelima formula berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p<0,05)
The Damage Identification Technique of Oil Derrick Based on Support Vector Machine and Dynamic Flexibility Matrix
Year: 2010

Dynamic flexibility matrix is a kind of powerful method of structure damage detection. Support vector machine (SVM) is a study machine developing from statisical learning theory,which has splendid function for small sample classification. A set of damage identification technique based on SVM and dynamic flexibility matrix is put out. Experiment research is carried on JJ160/41 K derrick,the data from which construct a classification identification SVM,and validity of this method is validated by emulational calculation.
"Permeable We!" Affect and the Ethics of Intersubjectivity in Eve Sedgwick's A Dialogue on Love
Year: 2012

This essay argues that Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's late career turn toward positive affect is motivated by a desire to articulate an alternative ethical model to the governing paradigms of queer theory. Her ethics is premised on permeable intersubjectivity, based in the nonfoundational selves of post structuralism and Buddhism. I map Sedgwick's ethics through her experimental memoir, A Dialogue on Love (1999) to demonstrate that its form locates subjectivity within a network of contingent, nonlinguistic, and reciprocal affective relations. By doing so, Dialogue models a permeable relationality that mitigates projective affects and offers a set of feelings more capacious than paranoia and more welcoming to queer possibilities for mutual nourishment, agency, and empathy. Sedgwick's ethics of intersubjectivity offers one way to expand queer theory's affective modalities to include a conception of durable and impersonal relations of holding that extend beyond the temporality of any one individual life.
A Virtual Torque Based Approach to Kinematic Control of Redundant Manipulators
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Year: 2017

This paper presents an inverse kinematics algorithm for a redundant manipulator. The proposed approach combines analytical and numerical methods to solve generalized inverse kinematics problems simultaneously in both free and constrained working spaces. The method introduces a virtual repulsive torque imposed by the topological configuration of robot links, joint limits, and obstacles with motion trajectories. The method calculates the shortest distances between joint limit, links, and obstacles. Links of manipulator and obstacles are modeled in ellipsoids so as to evaluate the minimum distances between obstacles and links of a redundant robot. Virtual repulsive torques imposed on links are estimated based on the shortest distances between these ellipsoidal objects. A numerical method obtains the tendency of major joints' movements and calculates their potential velocities by composing these acting torques. In trajectory tracking, collision avoidance occurring on links can finally be achieved by utilizing the characteristics of joint redundancy. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are measured in simulations of movement along trajectories in terms of a defined index of motion availability, by which it verifies that the method is not only feasible to constrained motions but also has better performances in free motions than inverse Jacobian techniques.
High spectral purity microwave generation using a dual frequency hybrid integrated semiconductor dielectric waveguide laser
Venue: OSA Continuum
Year: 2021

We present an integrated semiconductor dielectric hybrid dual frequency laser operating in the 1.5 \mu$m wavelength range for microwave and terahertz (THz) generation. Generating a microwave beat frequency near 11 GHz, we observe a record narrow intrinsic linewidth as low as about 2 kHz. This is realized by hybrid integration of a single diode amplifier based on indium phosphide (InP) with a long, low loss silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$ feedback circuit to extend the cavity photon lifetime, resulting in a cavity optical roundtrip length of about 30 cm on a chip. Simultaneous lasing at two frequencies is enabled by introducing an external control parameter for balancing the feedback from two tunable, frequency selective Vernier mirrors on the Si$_3$N$_4$ chip. Each frequency can be tuned with a wavelength coverage of about 80 nm, potentially allowing for the generation of a broad range of frequencies in the microwave range up to the THz range.
A Robust Recognition Algorithm for Encoded Targets in Close range Photogrammetry
Venue: J. Inf. Sci. Eng.
Year: 2012

In this paper, a robust recognition algorithm for encoded targets in close range photogrammetry is proposed. Firstly, Canny detector is used to detect edges from an input image. Secondly, the least squares method is employed to fit ellipses to the set of data points yielded by the edge detector. Three restriction criteria based on length, shape, and embedding are applied to restrict the set of candidate ellipses. The initial parameters of a candidate ellipse are modified according to the information of the encoded band pattern. Finally, the identification number of the encoded target is obtained through a certification and interpretation of the arrangement of the bit segments surrounding this encoded target. The proposed algorithm has been applied to a close range photogrammetric system, and its robustness is validated by real measuring experiments and industrial applications.
Performance of a Deep Learning Algorithm vs Manual Grading for Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy in India.
Venue: JAMA ophthalmology
Year: 2019

Importance More than 60 million people in India have diabetes and are at risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) a vision threatening disease. Automated interpretation of retinal fundus photographs can help support and scale a robust screening program to detect DR.  To prospectively validate the performance of an automated DR system across 2 sites in India.  This prospective observational study was conducted at 2 eye care centers in India (Aravind Eye Hospital and Sankara Nethralaya) and included 3049 patients with diabetes. Data collection and patient enrollment took place between April 2016 and July 2016 at Aravind and May 2016 and April 2017 at Sankara Nethralaya. The model was trained and fixed in March 2016.  Automated DR grading system compared with manual grading by 1 trained grader and 1 retina specialist from each site. Adjudication by a panel of 3 retinal specialists served as the reference standard in the cases of disagreement.  Sensitivity and specificity for moderate or worse DR or referable diabetic macula edema.  Of 3049 patients, 1091 (35.8% were women and the mean (SD) age for patients at Aravind and Sankara Nethralaya was 56.6 (9.0) years and 56.0 (10.0) years, respectively. For moderate or worse DR, the sensitivity and specificity for manual grading by individual nonadjudicator graders ranged from 73.4% to 89.8% and from 83.5% to 98.7% respectively. The automated DR system's performance was equal to or exceeded manual grading, with an 88.9% sensitivity (95% CI, 85.8 91.5) 92.2% specificity (95% CI, 90.3 93.8) and an area under the curve of 0.963 on the data set from Aravind Eye Hospital and 92.1% sensitivity (95% CI, 90.1 93.8) 95.2% specificity (95% CI, 94.2 96.1) and an area under the curve of 0.980 on the data set from Sankara Nethralaya.  This study shows that the automated DR system generalizes to this population of Indian patients in a prospective setting and demonstrates the feasibility of using an automated DR grading system to expand screening programs.
Effects of technological innovation on energy efficiency in China: Evidence from dynamic panel of 284 cities.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2019

Technological innovation and energy efficiency are important indicators used to measure the success of the sustainable development strategy in China. This paper aims to explore the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) at the city level in China and to evaluate the impact of technological innovation on TFEE. Therefore, a two stage analysis was conducted for the period from 2001 to 2013. The first stage includes an estimation of TFEE scores using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and Malmquist Luenberger index, while the second stage includes an exploration of the impact of technological innovation on the TFEE scores obtained in the first stage using a system Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) regression analysis. Based on the results of the Malmquist DEA, the TFEE of cities in China shows an upward trend overall, but obvious differences in the TFEE are observed among the four regions, with the highest TFEE observed in the eastern region, the second highest TFEE in the central region, a lower TFEE in the northeastern region and the lowest TFEE in the western region. The system GMM regression results reveal a significant positive impact of technological innovation on TFEE at the national level. According to the regional characteristics, the technological innovation in the eastern, western and northeastern regions is particularly important for improving TFEE, but technological innovation in the central region has inhibited the improvement of the TFEE. A logical response to these findings would be to develop different policies for different regions.
Malaysian Hybridity: Issues of Kinship Practices and Identity Crisis
Year: 2018

This article explores the issues of hybridity and its impacts and bearing to identity crisis in relation to kinship practices among the Euro Asian families in Malaysia. To demonstrate the empirical and scientific nature of this study, qualitative methods were used whereby respondents were interviewed either face to face interview or through audio interviews. Furthermore, focus Group Discussion and empirical observation were fully utilized to obtain and analyzed for both quality and logical conclusion. Indeed, the data from the field demonstrate that the offspring of mixed marriages had either conscious identity crisis, unconscious or denied identity crisis or no identity crisis due to factors such as religion, socializing, education, and exposure by parents. Thus, the majority of the research respondents identified themselves based on "Others" but there are complexities to this when it comes to formal and informal identification. Family, hybridity, identity crisis, kinship, mixed marriages