nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Affordance and Function Understanding
Venue: ACM Comput. Surv.
Year: 2021

Nowadays, robots are dominating the manufacturing, entertainment, and healthcare industries. Robot vision aims to equip robots with the capabilities to discover information, understand it, and interact with the environment, which require an agent to effectively understand object affordances and functions in complex visual domains. In this literature survey, first, "visual affordances" are focused on and current state of the art approaches for solving relevant problems as well as open problems and research gaps are summarized. Then, sub problems, such as affordance detection, categorization, segmentation, and high level affordance reasoning, are specifically discussed. Furthermore, functional scene understanding and its prevalent descriptors used in the literature are covered. This survey also provides the necessary background to the problem, sheds light on its significance, and highlights the existing challenges for affordance and functionality learning.
The right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress: in search of state obligations in relation to health
Venue: Medicine, health care, and philosophy
Year: 2011

After having received little attention over the past decades, one of the least known human rights the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications has had its dust blown off. Although included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) be it at the very end of both instruments this right hardly received any attention from States, UN bodies and programmes and academics. The role of science in societies and its benefits and potential danger were discussed in various international fora, but hardly ever in a human rights context. Nowadays, within a world that is increasingly turning to science and technology for solutions to persistent socio economic and development problems, the human dimension of science also receives increased attention, including the human right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications. This contribution analyses the possible legal obligations of States in relation to the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications, in particular as regards health.
Addition Of Coleus Amboinicus, L Leaf's Extract In Ration To Percentage Of Carcass, Abdominal Fat, Liver And Heart Broiler
Venue: EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA
Year: 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving coleus amboinicus, L leaf's extract, on the percentage of carcass, liver, heart and abdominal fat and the level of coleus amboinicus,L extract which is appropriate in broiler feed. This research was conducted in labor and broiler enclosures of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, from January to May 2018. The material was DOC, commercial food 311, corn, bran, soybean meal, fish meal and minerals, and the equipment used was cages and equipment. The design used is RAL with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The results obtained that the addition of coleus amboinicus, L extract, L did not affect significantly (P> 0.05) on the percentage of carcass and liver, while the administration of coleus amboinicus, L leaf's extract significantly affected (P <0.05) on the percentage of heart and abdominal fat broiler. Giving a dry of coleus amboinicus leaf's, L, 4 g kg ration can reduce broiler abdominal fat.
SHOULD A CHRISTIAN ADOPT METHODOLOGICAL NATURALISM
Year: 2017

It has become standard practice for scientists to avoid the possibility of references to God by adopting methodological naturalism (MN) a method that assumes that the reality of the universe, as it can be accessed by empirical enquiry, is to be explained solely with recourse to natural phenomena. In this essay, I critique the Christian practice of this method, arguing that a Christian's practices should always reflect her belief that the universe is created and sustained by the triune God. This leads me to contend that the Christian should adopt a theologically humble approach to the sciences (instead of MN) with which she humbly acknowledges that special divine action is not discernible by empirical science. To further my critique, I consider three ways in which the practice of MN can be particularly problematic for Christianity.
Two phase frictional pressure drop in horizontal micro scale channels: Experimental data analysis and prediction method development
Year: 2017

An investigation was conducted on the effects of fluid refrigerant and channel geometry on the frictional pressure drop during two phase flow inside microchannels. Experimental results for two phase frictional pressure drop were obtained for the refrigerants R134a, R1234ze(E) R1234yf and R600a in a circular channel and for R134a in square and triangular channels. The experiments were performed for mass velocities from 100 to 1600 kg m 2 s 1 saturation temperatures of 31 and 41 degC, and vapor qualities from 0.05 to 0.95. The experimental data have been analyzed focusing on the effects of the geometry and fluid on the two phase pressure drop. Then, the data were compared with the most quoted predictive methods from the literature. Based on the broad database obtained, a new method for prediction of the two phase frictional pressure drop was proposed. The new method provided accurate predictions of the database, predicting 89% of the results within an error band of 20%
Update on novel pharmacological therapies for osteoarthritis
Venue: Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease
Year: 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic painful arthritis with increasing global prevalence. Current management involves non pharmacological interventions and commonly used pharmacological treatments that generally have limited analgesic efficacy and multiple side effects. New treatments are therefore required to relieve patient symptoms and disease impact. A number of existing pharmacological therapies have been recently trialled in OA. These include extended release triamcinolone and conventional disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis; generally, DMARDs have not shown a benefit in treating OA. Novel analgesic therapies are in development, including those targeting peripheral pain pathways. Disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) target key tissues in the OA pathophysiology process and aim to prevent structural progression; a number of putative DMOADs are in phase II development. There is preliminary evidence of structural improvement with some of these therapies but without concomitant symptom improvement, raising new considerations for future DMOAD trials.
Economic growth and the environment: Theory and facts
Year: 2008

Several recent papers propose competing theoretical explanations for the empirical observation of an inverted U shape relationship between enviromental degradation and per capita income. We proprose the following test of the theory: calibrate a theoretical model to an already developed economy using information unrelated to the pollution income curve. Then simulate the model starting from a less developed initial condition and compare the predicted pollutionincome relationship with that in the data. Our results are mixed. Some support exists for the theory that the inverted U shape results from a corner solution in which less developed countries do not abate pollution. However, pollution peaks at a level of per capita income that is much lower than that observed in the U.S. data.
Model driven, Moving Target Defense for Enterprise Network Security
Venue: Models@run.time@Dagstuhl
Year: 2011

This chapter presents the design and initial simulation results for a prototype moving target defense (MTD) system, whose goal is to significantly increase the difficulty of attacks on enterprise networks. Most networks are static, which gives attacker's a great advantage. Services are run on well known ports at fixed, easily identifiable IP addresses. The goal of an MTD system is to eliminate the static nature of networks by continuously adapting their configuration over time in ways that seems random or chaotic to attackers, thus negating their advantage. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of runtime models that explicitly capture a network's operational and security goals, the functionality required to achieve those goals, and the configuration of the system. The MTD system reasons over these models to determine how to make changes to the system that are invisible to users but appear chaotic to an attacker. Our system uses these runtime models to analyze both known and unknown vulnerabilities to ensure that adaptations occur often enough and in the right ways to protect the system against external attacks.
Identifying immature and mature pomelo fruits in trees by elliptical model fitting in the Cr Cb color space
Venue: Precision Agriculture
Year: 2018

In precision agriculture, identification of fruit in trees is important. Furthermore, it is also essential for estimating the yield, targeting the exact location for a harvesting robot and selectively harvesting the fruit. An elliptical boundary model based machine vision algorithm was developed to identify immature and mature pomelo fruit in trees. In the proposed solution, the images were converted from RGB space to Y'CbCr space. Then, ordinary least squares (OLS) was introduced in fitting implicit second order polynomials of elliptical boundary models in the Cr Cb color space for segmenting immature green fruits, mature green, green partial white, green partial yellow and green partial red fruits. Those elliptical boundary models along with area opening mathematical morphology and diameter thresholding were applied in the identification procedure. The algorithm was tested on a set of 200 validation images acquired under natural illumination conditions. The results of the validation test showed that the total correct identification rate was 93.5% The total false positive, missed rate, repeated rate and merged rate were equal to 8.2, 6.5, 10.2 and 10.6% respectively. The proposed method performed better in detecting mature fruit, the color of which is different from green, than in detecting immature green fruit. On average, the segmenting time for 640 x 480 and 1280 x 960 images were 0.134 and 0.200 s, respectively and the total identification time for 640 x 480 and 1280 x 960 images were 0.240 and 0.362 s, respectively.
Comparison of the Kane formula with existing formulas for intraocular lens power selection
Venue: BMJ Open Ophthalmology
Year: 2019

To compare the accuracy of a new intraocular lens (IOL) power formula (Kane formula) with existing formulas using IOLMaster, predominantly model 3, biometry (measures variables axial length, keratometry and anterior chamber depth) and optimised lens constants. To compare the accuracy of three new or updated IOL power formulas (Kane, Hill RBF V.2.0 and Holladay 2 with new axial length adjustment) compared with existing formulas (Olsen, Barrett Universal 2, Haigis, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, SRK/T)  A single surgeon retrospective case review was performed from patients having uneventful cataract surgery with Acrysof IQ SN60WF IOL implantation over 11 years in a Melbourne private practice. Using optimised lens constants, the predicted refractive outcome for each formula was calculated for each patient. This was compared with the actual refractive outcome to give the prediction error. Eyes were separated into subgroups based on axial length as follows: short =22.0 mm) medium >22.0 to <26.0 mm) and long =26.0 mm)  The study included 846 patients. Over the entire axial length range, the Kane formula had the lowest mean absolute prediction error (p<0.001, all formulas) The mean postoperative difference from intended outcome for the Kane formula was 0.14+0.27x1 (95% LCL 1.52+0.93x43; 95% UCL +0.54+1.03x149) The formula demonstrated the lowest absolute error in the medium axial length range (p<0.001) In the short and long axial length groups, no formula demonstrated a significantly lower absolute mean prediction error.  Using three variables (AL, K, ACD) the Kane formula was a more accurate predictor of actual postoperative refraction than the other formulae under investigation. There were not enough eyes of short or long axial length to adequately power statistical comparisons within axial length subgroups.
Waxes derived from self metathesis modified plant oil blends A case for exploiting oligomerization to mitigate low molecular mass and unsaturation
Year: 2020

The self metathesis of vegetable oil blends was explored as a means for making functional and environmentally adapted waxes. Several mixtures of soybean oil (SBO) and palm oil (PO) the most readily available triacylglycerol (TAG) oils, were investigated as model unsaturated/ saturated systems to determine the advantages and limits of using such blends. The objective was to control the balance between unsaturation which tend to keep the material fluid at low temperature and saturation coupled with the self metathesis induced oligomerization which promote crystallization and gelling for optimal wax applications. Five compositions of SBO and PO were metathesized and characterized for thermal transition behavior, solid fat content, microstructure, viscosity and hardness; parameters relevant to the functionality of waxes. The characteristic physical properties versus concentration presented peak shaped curves with maxima at 15 %w/w SBO. This trend is explained by the modification to the molecular ensemble introduced by the self metathesis, depleting the low melting species (liquid fraction) and enriching the high temperature melting species (solid fraction) The induced oligomerization combined with the pre existing saturation which promote solidification are demonstrated to counterbalance the fluidization effect of unsaturation to a tipping point after which the unsaturation is overwhelming. The study shows that although limited in extent, appropriate blending can be an economical and effective tool to shift the crystallization toward room temperature of otherwise liquid TAG derivatives and improve their wax properties.
Formulacion del diseno de la red de la nueva sede de la empresa Ciel Ingenieria S.A.S basado en curso de redes cisco CCNA en la ciudad de Bogota
Year: 2019

Nuestra propuesta abarca el diseno de una expansion de la compania, dando apertura a una segunda sede de Ciel Ingenieria en la cual se implementaran y presentaran los equipos, protocolos y estandares que se utilizarian en la instalacion, que beneficios obtendra el cliente al adquirir una red con elementos Cisco y adicional a ello las ventajas de adoptar el protocolo IPv6 en esta nueva sede y toda la compania en general."Trabajo de grado presentado bajo la modalidad de seminario de telecomunicaciones Cisco CCNA R&S.
Mouthwash containing a biosurfactant and chitosan: An eco sustainable option for the control of cariogenic microorganisms.
Venue: International journal of biological macromolecules
Year: 2019

The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial action and toxicity of mouthwashes formulated with a biosurfactant, chitosan of a microbial origin and peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil (POE) Chitosan was extracted from the biomass of a fungus from the order Mucorales grown in yam bean broth. Three biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP 0992 (PB) Bacillus cereus UCP 1615 (BB) and Candida bombicola URM 3718 (CB) were tested. Six mouthwashes were prepared, the active ingredients of which were the biosurfactant, chitosan and POE. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the test substances separately, in combinations and in the mouthwash formulas. The toxicity of the mouthwashes was tested using MTT (3 (4,5 dimethylthiazole 2 il) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) for the L929 (mouse fibroblast) and RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) cell lines. All substances tested had a MIC for cariogenic microorganisms. The combinations of the CB and PB biosurfactants with chitosan demonstrated an additive effect on the majority of microorganisms tested. The toxicity of the mouthwashes was significantly lower than that of the commercial mouthwash. The present findings demonstrate that mouthwashes containing natural products constitute a safe, effective, natural alternative to commercially available mouthwashes for the control of oral microorganisms.
Playing with FiRE: A genome resolved view of the soil microbiome responses to high severity forest wildfire
Year: 2021

Warming climate has increased the frequency and size of high severity wildfires in the western United States, with deleterious impacts on forest ecosystem resilience. Although forest soil microbiomes provide a myriad of ecosystem functions, little is known regarding the impact of high severity fire on microbially mediated processes. Here, we characterized functional shifts in the soil microbiome (bacterial, fungal, and viral) across wildfire burn severity gradients one year post fire in coniferous forests (Colorado and Wyoming, USA) We generated the Fire Responding Ecogenomic database (FiRE db) consisting of 637 metagenome assembled bacterial genomes, 2490 viral populations, and 2 fungal genomes complemented by 12 metatranscriptomes from soils affected by low and high severity, and complementary marker gene sequencing and metabolomics data. Actinobacteria dominated the fraction of enriched and active taxa across burned soils. Taxa within surficial soils impacted by high severity wildfire exhibited traits including heat resistance, sporulation and fast growth that enhanced post fire survival. Carbon cycling within this system was predicted to be influenced by microbial processing of pyrogenic compounds and turnover of dominant bacterial community members by abundant viruses. These genome resolved analyses across trophic levels reveal the complexity of post fire soil microbiome activity and offer opportunities for restoration strategies that specifically target these communities.
A NeRF: Surface free Human 3D Pose Refinement via Neural Rendering
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Fig. 1. Our A NeRF test time optimization for monocular 3D human pose estimation jointly learns a volumetric body model of the user that can be animated and works with diverse body shapes (left) while also refining the initial 3D skeleton pose estimate from a single or, if available, multiple views without tedious camera calibration (right) Underlying is a surface free neural representation and skeleton based embedding coupled with volumetric rendering. Faces in H3.6M images blurred for anonymity.
A novel model for minimally invasive left ventricular assist device implantation training
Venue: Minimally invasive therapy allied technologies MITAT official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy
Year: 2019

Significant advances in minimally invasive implantation of mechanical circulatory support devices have been made. These approaches are technically challenging and associated with a learning curve. Simulation and training opportunities in these techniques are limited. We developed a high fidelity novel model for minimally invasive left ventricular assist device implantation.  Using a modified inanimate simulator (LSI SOLUTIONS(r) and an animal tissue model, a hybrid simulator was created, with a porcine ex vivo heart secured within the inanimate simulator in the normal anatomic position. Key components of the minimally invasive left ventricular assist device implantation were performed, including left ventricular apical coring, attachment of the apical ring, attachment of the assist device, and creation of the aortic outflow graft anastomosis.  A novel composite inanimate and tissue model for minimally invasive left ventricular assist device implantation was successfully developed. These simulation techniques were reproducible, and the model demonstrated ability to successfully simulate key components of the procedure.  This high fidelity, reproducible hybrid model allows for crucial components of minimally invasive LVAD implantation to be performed. This model has the potential to be used as an adjunct to surgical training, providing a safe and controlled learning environment for trainees to acquire skills in minimally invasive LVAD implantation.
Boundary conditions and buffering effects: Does depressive symptomology moderate the effectiveness of self distancing for facilitating adaptive emotional analysis?
Year: 2009

Recent findings indicate that a critical factor determining whether people's attempts to adaptively analyze negative experiences succeed or fail is the type of self perspective (self immersed vs. self distanced) they adopt while analyzing negative feelings. The present research examined whether these findings generalize to individuals displaying high levels of depression symptoms who are particularly vulnerable to rumination. Findings revealed that the effectiveness of self distancing for attenuating emotional reactivity increased linearly with depression symptoms. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that participants tendency to recount vs. reconstrue their experience accounted for the regulatory effects of selfdistancing on emotional reactivity regardless of depression symptoms.
Etude diagnostique des pratiques de friture du thon du mets <Garba> consomme dans la ville d'Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire)
Year: 2018

L"objectif de l"etude etait d"evaluer l"impact des pratiques de friture du thon du mets <Garba> sur la qualite sanitaire de l"huile de friture. Les pratiques de friture et les taux en composes neoformes ou polaires des huiles ont ete determines dans les restaurants des communes de Cocody, Yopougon et Abobo a Abidjan. L"etude a revele que la vente de ce mets est une activite d"hommes (94,9% n"ayant aucune formation academique (62,8% pratiquant la friture dans les conditions variees. Trois groupes de vendeurs ont ete identifies selon les pratiques adoptees. Le 1 er groupe est caracterise par une pratique utilisant des temperatures inferieures a 160 degC et les huiles contiennent des composes neoformes inferieurs a 25% Le 2 eme utilise des temperatures de friture comprises entre 160 degC et 180 degC avec des huiles reutilisees contenant 25 a 75% de composes neoformes. Le 3 eme groupe fait la friture a 180 degC et les huiles reutilisees contiennent 75% La majorite des huiles analysees contiennent des taux en composes neoformes superieurs au taux seuil de 25% fixe par le decret francais ndeg 86 857 du 18 juillet 1986. Il ressort de cette etude qu"il y a un risque d"atteinte a la qualite sanitaire de ce mets et par consequent a la sante des consommateurs. Mots cles Composes polaires, qualite sanitaire, alimentation de rue, Garba, thon.
Women on management board and ESG performance
Year: 2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyse women on management board and their impact on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in two European two tier countries.  The empirical quantitative paper covers a sample of German and Austrian companies which are listed at the Prime Standard of the Frankfurt and Vienna Stock Exchange for the business years 2010 2014 (1,019 firm year observations) A correlation and regression analysis is conducted to measure a possible link between gender diversity and ESG performance in these European countries.  Multiple regressions state that female members in the management board do have a positive impact on ESG performance, measured by the AssetFour database by Thomson Reuters. Surprisingly, CSR expertise does not have a significant impact on ESG performance, whether the implementation of a CSR committee has a positive and significant link with ESG performance.  The analysis is the first empirical study that has a focus on Germany and Austria as the main representatives of the European two tier system. Findings have implications for both users and public policy and suggest that current national and European regulations on corporate governance and CSR could have a great impact on future CSR performance and market reactions.