nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigational Anti Atrial Fibrillation Pharmacology and Mechanisms by Which Antiarrhythmics Terminate the Arrhythmia: Where Are We in 2020?
Venue: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
Year: 2020

Antiarrhythmic drugs remain the mainstay therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) A major disadvantage of the currently available anti AF agents is the risk of induction of ventricular proarrhythmias. Aiming to reduce this risk, several atrial specific or selective ion channel block approaches have been introduced for AF suppression, but only the atrial selective inhibition of the sodium channel has been demonstrated to be valid in both experimental and clinical studies. Among the other pharmacological anti AF approaches, "upstream therapy" has been prominent but largely disappointing, and pulmonary delivery of anti AF drugs seems to be promising. Major contradictions exist in the literature about the electrophysiological mechanisms of AF (ie, reentry or focal? and the mechanisms by which anti AF drugs terminate AF, making the search for novel anti AF approaches largely empirical. Drug induced termination of AF may or may not be associated with prolongation of the atrial effective refractory period. Anti AF drug research has been largely based on the "suppress reentry" ideology; however, results of the AF mapping studies increasingly indicate that nonreentrant mechanism(s) plays an important role in the maintenance of AF. Also, the analysis of anti AF drug induced electrophysiological alterations during AF, conducted in the current study, leans toward the focal source as the prime mechanism of AF maintenance. More effort should be placed on the investigation of pharmacological suppression of the focal mechanisms.
A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Time Series Models for Forecasting GDP in Palestine
Year: 2016

Time series of quarterly observations on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is collected and used in this study. Forecasting results of ANNs are compared with those of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and regression as benchmark methods. Using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) the empirical results show that ANN performs better than the traditional methods in forecasting GDP.
Organic food in food policy and in public catering: lessons learned from Finland
Venue: Organic Agriculture
Year: 2016

The strategic goal of the Finnish food policy is to develop agriculture and food production as a sector of strong expansion. Since 2010, the role of organic food is specifically stressed in strivings to improve the competitiveness of the Finnish food sector.Recognising the significance of the statutory public catering in Finland, the focus here is the organic food in the context of public catering. The article examines the discourse articulated in food policy documents, the use of organic food within municipal food services and the materialised efforts to increase its use. Finnish experiences are discussed by considering the competitive tendering process constrained by regulations on public procurement and the role of the public catering services for the SMEs in the heavily competitive food markets. The aim is to improve actors' knowledge regarding the possibilities of the institutional consumers to increase the use of organic food. Despite the good intentions articulated in the policy documents, expanding the use of organic food in institutional kitchens is a slow process. It requires that the bottlenecks are identified and opened in the real life context. Increased organic consumption in public catering is primarily a political decision. Its adoption requires determined will, and the local policymakers are in a key position to decide, whether organic food should be favoured. This requires strategic decisions and a strong commitment to long term development work. The options for including and/or increasing organic food in public catering should be considered when formulating comprehensive municipal development strategies. It is important to pay attention to the research results, to involve practical actors and to appreciate the caterers' expertise as well as the customers' experiences regarding the various quality aspects. Municipal customers are important for the SME:s, who often have difficulties to get foothold in the heavily competitive food markets. Long term contracts provide secure income and the entrepreneurs can then better concentrate on developing their core business. To establish the customership, both the entrepreneurs and the municipal purchasers need thorough knowledge on the purchasing procedure.
Decomposed Newton algorithm based three phase power flow for unbalanced radial distribution networks with distributed energy resources and electric vehicle demands
Year: 2018

This paper proposes a three phase power flow algorithm using graph theory, injected current, and matrix decomposition techniques for unbalanced radial distribution networks. A decomposed Newton Raphson (DNR) method is applied to solve the set of nonlinear power equations described in polar form. Unlike conventional Newton Raphson based methods, the proposed DNR algorithm does not involve calculating the lower and upper triangular matrix (LU) factorization, Gaussian elimination, and inversion of the full bus admittance matrix or Jacobian matrix and building the bus impedance matrix; it also requires less computation time and has high robustness with respect to the X/R ratio and load changes. The mathematical component models, such as three phase conductors, transformers, automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) ZIP load demands, shunt capacitors/reactors, inverter based distributed energy resources (DERs) and electric vehicle (EV) demands can easily be integrated into the proposed algorithm by using the injected current technique. Therefore, a three phase power flow problem can be decomposed into three single phase power flow problems with individual phase representation. To validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, four three phase IEEE test systems and a practical Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) distribution system are used for comparisons. The results reveal that the proposed algorithm has good potential for improving the computational efficiency of optimal planning and design and also real time power dispatch applications, even for ill conditioned distribution networks.
Mid life microbiota crises: middle age is associated with pervasive neuroimmune alterations that are reversed by targeting the gut microbiome
Venue: Molecular Psychiatry
Year: 2019

Male middle age is a transitional period where many physiological and psychological changes occur leading to cognitive and behavioural alterations, and a deterioration of brain function. However, the mechanisms underpinning such changes are unclear. The gut microbiome has been implicated as a key mediator in the communication between the gut and the brain, and in the regulation of brain homeostasis, including brain immune cell function. Thus, we tested whether targeting the gut microbiome by prebiotic supplementation may alter microglia activation and brain function in ageing. Male young adult (8 weeks) and middle aged (10 months) C57BL/6 mice received diet enriched with a prebiotic (10% oligofructose enriched inulin) or control chow for 14 weeks. Prebiotic supplementation differentially altered the gut microbiota profile in young and middle aged mice with changes correlating with faecal metabolites. Functionally, this translated into a reversal of stress induced immune priming in middle aged mice. In addition, a reduction in ageing induced infiltration of Ly 6Chi monocytes into the brain coupled with a reversal in ageing related increases in a subset of activated microglia (Ly 6C+ was observed. Taken together, these data highlight a potential pathway by which targeting the gut microbiome with prebiotics can modulate the peripheral immune response and alter neuroinflammation in middle age. Our data highlight a novel strategy for the amelioration of age related neuroinflammatory pathologies and brain function.
The Role and Applications of Machine Learning in Future Self Organizing Cellular Networks
Year: 2019

In this chapter, a brief overview of the role and applications of machine learning (ML) algorithms in future wireless cellular networks is presented, more specifically, in the context of self organizing networks (SONs) SON is a promising and innovative concept, in which future networks are expected to analyze and use historical data in order to improve and adapt themselves to the network conditions. For this to be possible, however, algorithms that are capable of extracting patterns from data and learn from previous actions are necessary. This chapter highlights the utilization and possible applications of ML algorithms in future cellular networks. A brief introduction of ML and SON is presented, followed by an analysis of current state of the art solutions involving ML in SON. Lastly, guidelines on the utilization of intelligent algorithms in SON and future research trends in the area are highlighted and conclusions are drawn. The Role and Applications of Machine Learning in Future Self Organizing Cellular Networks
Attendance at prenatal care and adverse birth outcomes in China: A follow up study based on Maternal and Newborn's Health Monitoring System.
Venue: Midwifery
Year: 2018

to evaluate the independent association between attendance at prenatal care and adverse birth outcomes in China, measured either as the occurrence of preterm birth or low birth weight. DESIGN a follow up study.  the data was collected from maternal and newborn's health monitoring system at 6 provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS all pregnant women registered in the system at their first prenatal care visit. We included 40152 registered pregnant women who had delivered between October 2013 and September 2014. MEASUREMENTS attendance at prenatal care was evaluated using Kessner index. kh2 tests were used to examine the correlations between demographic characteristics and preterm birth or low birth weight. The associations between attendance at prenatal care and birth outcomes were explored using multilevel mixed effects logistic regression models. FINDINGS the prevalence for preterm birth and low birth weight was 3.31% and 2.55% The null models showed region clustering on birth outcomes. Compared with women who received adequate prenatal care, those with intermediate prenatal care (adjusted OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.37 1.92) or inadequate prenatal care (adjusted OR 2.78, 95%CI 2.24 3.44) had significantly increased risks for preterm birth, and women with intermediate prenatal care (adjusted OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.10 1.55) or inadequate prenatal care (adjusted OR 1.70, 95%CI 1.32 2.19) had significantly increased risks for low birth weight. We found very significant dose response patterns for both preterm birth (p trend<0.001) and low birth weight (p trend 0.001) KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE This study shows that attendance at prenatal care in China has independent effects on both preterm birth and low birth weight. Appropriate timing and number of prenatal care visits can help to reduce the occurrence of preterm birth or low birth weight.
Prognosis of Patients less than 40 Years of Age with Squamous Cell Cancer of the Oral Tongue
Year: 2015

Controversy exists about the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue between young and older patients. Our objective was to evaluate age as a prognostic factor in oral tongue cancer.  A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing charts of 61 patients. They were divided into two age groups, below 40 years and above 40 years. Data regarding epidemiology pathology report, tumor differentiation, staging, treatment and outcome were obtained. The length of survival and disease recurrence was calculated and compared in this two age group. Statistical analysis was performed using student, t test.  The result showed no significant difference in prognosis, tumor differentiation or staging related to age in oral tongue cancer.  Although age is not a significant prognostic factor in oral tongue cancer, the disease etiology is likely different, we recommend prompt and aggressive treatment of young patients.
Optimal dispatch of electrified autonomous mobility on demand vehicles during power outages
Venue: 2017 IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting
Year: 2017

The era of fully autonomous, electrified taxi fleets is rapidly approaching, and with it the opportunity to innovate myriad on demand services that extend beyond the realm of human mobility. This project envisions a future where autonomous plug in electric vehicle (PEV) fleets can be dispatched as both a taxi service and a source of on demand power serving customers during power outages. We develop a PDE based scheme to manage the optimal dispatch of an autonomous fleet to serve passengers and electric power demand during outages as an additional stream of revenue. We use real world power outage and taxi data from San Francisco for our case study, modeling the optimal dispatch of several fleet sizes over the course of one day; we examine both moderate and extreme outage scenarios. In the moderate scenario, the revenue earned serving power demand is negligible compared with revenue earned serving passenger trips. In the extreme scenario, supplying power accounts for between $1 and $2 million, amounting to between 32% and 40% more revenue than is earned serving mobility only, depending on fleet size. While the overall value of providing on demand power depends on the frequency and severity of power outages, our results show that serving power demand during large scale outages can provide a substantial value stream, comparable to the value to be earned providing grid services.
PENDIDIKAN ANAK PEREMPUAN DI MASA KANAKKANAK USIA 4 6 TAHUN PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Year: 2015

Penelitian ini mengangkat masalah urgensi pendidikan di masa kanak kanak usia 4 6 tahun bagi anak perempuan menurut perspektif Islam dan peran orang tua dalam mendidik anak perempuan di masa kanakkanak usia usia 4 6 tahun menurut perspektif Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) urgensi pendidikan di masa kanak kanak usia 4 6 tahun bagi anak perempuan menurut perspektif Islam, dan 2) peran orang tua dalam mendidik anak perempuan di masa kanak kanak usia usia 4 6 tahun menurut perspektif Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Data didapatkan dengan cara mengkaji sumber primer dari buku buku utama yang dirujuk dalam tulisan ini serta sumber sekunder berupa buku, jurnal atau hasil penelitian. Buku primer yang diteliti yaitu 1) buku Hannan Athiyah Ath Thuri, Mendidik Anak Perempuan di Masa Kanak kanak (Terjemahan Aan Wahyudin) Penerbit Amzah Jakarta tahun 2007; 2) buku Abdul Mun'im Ibrahim, Mendidik Anak Perempuan, penerbit GEMA INSANI, Jakarta tahun 2005; 3) buku Mansur, Pendidikan Anak usia dini dalam Islam Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta tahun 2005; 4) buku Zakiah Deradjat, Membina Nilai nilai Moral di Indonesia. Penerbit Bulan Bintang, Jakarta tahun 1971.Hasil kajian disusun secara sistematis guna menjawab tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa: pertama, urgensi pendidikan di masa kanak kanak usia 4 6 tahun bagi anak perempuan menurut perspektif Islam didasarkan pada tantangan pendidikan yang dihadapi umat Islam berupa: 1) budaya materialisme, liberalisme dan peran ganda perempuan, 2) problem yang dihadapi anak perempuan, 3) potensi anak perempuan dan 4) pendidikan karakter dalam pengasuhan anak perempuan Kedua, peran ayah kepada anak perempuan tidak hanya memberi nafkah, tetapi juga mengasuh, mendidik, dan memberi teladan. Peran ibu terhadap anak telah diambil dan dimainkannya dalam merawat dan mengasuhnya.Pendidikan yang utama bagi anak usia 4 6 tahun adalah membentuk adab.Peran ibu dalam mendidik anak anaknya sangat menonjol karena ibu sejatinya telah mulai mendidik anak sejak anak masih di dalam kandungan, melahirkan, memelihara, menyapih dan membimbing dengan penuh kasih sayang.
Assessment of shelf life and organoleptic values of some vegetables by eco friendly methods to enhance the livelihood of marginal farmer of Gorakhpur region.(U.P.
Year: 2015

In India quality deterioration of vegetables produced takes place immediately after harvest due to lack of on farm storage. Refrigeration is energy intensive, expensive, not so easy to install and run in remote areas. Due to lack of cold/ cool storage space a substantial amount of fruit and vegetables are lost after production.The efficiency of cool chamber on shelf life and organoleptic properties of fresh cut products were studied for leaf and fruit, vegetables. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of cold water and salt water treatment on fresh cut products in increasing the shelf life and maintaining the organoleptic properties in two different storage systems and the result were compared with normal/room temperature. During storage, physiological loss of weight and organoleptic values were evaluated. It was observed that the cold water treatment on vegetables shows increased shelf life and maintains its organoleptic properties as compared to other treatment given under cool chamber. It is an eco friendly energy saving and cost effective alternative method to substitute refrigeration and useful for small farmers. In vegetables like Radish, (Raphanus sativus) Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Pea (Pisum sativum) Lauki (Lagenaria siceraria) Chilli (Capsicum annum) Tomato (Lypersicon esculentum) Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) during storage for treatment normal, with normal salt water treatment, normal cold water treatment, cool chamber with cold water treatment were given at 1,3,5,7,9,11and 21 th day. The cold water treatment with cool chamber is more beneficial in vegetables to the marginal farmers.
The Cellular Response of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars to Botulinum Toxin A: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Venue: Dermatologic surgery official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.
Year: 2018

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are conditions of pathologic scarring characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excess collagen deposition. These conditions significantly impact patients by causing psychosocial, functional, and aesthetic distress. Current treatment modalities have limitations. Clinical evidence indicates that botulinum toxin A (BoNT A) may prevent and treat keloids and hypertrophic scars.  To examine investigated cellular pathways involved in BoNT A therapeutic modulation of keloids and hypertrophic scars.  The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for basic science articles related to botulinum toxin therapy, scarring, fibroblasts, keloids, and hypertrophic scars.  Eleven basic science articles involving keloids and hypertrophic scars were reviewed.  BoNT A may reduce skin fibrosis by decreasing fibroblast proliferation, modulating the activity of transforming growth factor &bgr; and reducing transcription and expression of profibrotic cytokines in keloid derived and hypertrophic scar derived dermal fibroblasts. BoNT A may modulate collagen deposition, but there is a paucity of evidence regarding specific mechanisms of action.  Overall, BoNT A has the potential to prevent or treat pathologic scars in patients with a known personal or family history of keloids and hypertrophic scars, which may improve patient psychosocial distress and reduce clinic visits and health care costs. Variability in keloid and hypertrophic scar response to BoNT A may be due to interexperiment differences in dosing, tissue donors, and assay sensitivity.
Decoherence framework for Wigner's friend experiments
Year: 2020

The decoherence interpretation of quantum measurements is applied to Wigner's friend experiments. A framework in which all the experimental outcomes arise from unitary evolutions is proposed. Within it, a measurement is not completed until an uncontrolled environment monitorizes the state composed of the system, the apparatus, and the observer. The (apparent) wave function collapse and the corresponding randomness result from tracing out this environment; it is thus the ultimate responsible party for the emergence of definite outcomes. Two main effects arise from this fact. First, external interference measurements, trademark of Wigner's friend experiments, modify the memory records of the internal observers; this framework provides a univocal protocol to calculate all these changes. Second, it can be used to build a consistent scenario for the recently proposed extended versions of the Wigner's friend experiment. In regard to the work of Frauchiger and Renner [ (2018) this framework shows that the agents' claims become consistent if the changes in their memories are properly taken into account. Furthermore, the particular setup discussed by Brukner [Entropy 20, 350 (2018) cannot be tested against the decoherence framework, because it does not give rise to well defined outcomes according to this formalism. A variation of this setup, devised to fill this gap, makes it possible to assign joint truth values to the observations made by all the agents. This framework also narrows the requisites for such experiments, making them virtually impossible to apply to conscious (human) beings. Notwithstanding, it also opens the door to future realizations on quantum machines.
Teacher Views of Math E learning Tools for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities
Venue: ASSETS
Year: 2020

Many students with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) have difficulty learning math. To succeed in math, they need to receive personalized support from teachers. Recently, math e learning tools that provide personalized math skills training have gained popularity. However, we know little about how well these tools help teachers personalize instruction for students with SLDs. To answer this question, we conducted semi structured interviews with 12 teachers who taught students with SLDs in grades five to eight. We found that participants used math e learning tools that were not designed specifically for students with SLDs. Participants had difficulty using these tools because of text intensive user interfaces, insufficient feedback about student performance, inability to adjust difficulty levels, and problems with setup and maintenance. Participants also needed assistive technology for their students, but they had challenges in getting and using it. From our findings, we distilled design implications to help shape the design of more inclusive and effective e learning tools.
Evaluation clinique du developpement pubertaire et statural des enfants diabetiques de type 1 suivi dans le service medecine et d'endocrinologie de l'hopital du Mali de Bamako
Year: 2015

Le diabete de type 1 est une pathologie chronique qui retentit sur la qualite de vie de l'enfant et de sa famille. Il est responsable des effets nefastes sur la croissance staturale, le developpement pubertaire et l'augmentation de la frequence de l'hospitalisation conduisant a des absenteismes scolaires surtout dans les pays a revenu faible ou sa prise en charge est minimale.  Decrire les troubles de la croissance staturale et du developpement pubertaire chez les enfants diabetiques de type1 suivis dans le service de medecine et d'endocrinologie de l'hopital du Mali. Methodologie Etude transversale de janvier 2012 a decembre 2014. Echantillon tous patients diabetiques ages de 0 a 18 ans de tout sexe et ayant ete suivi dans le service. Resultats Frequence hospitaliere 12,16 (n 210) L'age moyen 13,14 ans 3,24 ans, sex ratio de 1,33. Problemes scolaires retrouves chez 27,3 (n 22) des enfants, 14,3 (n 11) en abandon d'ecole, 52 (n 40) avait eu au moins 3 hospitalisations par an. Le retard de croissance concernait 36,4 (n 28) p 0,03. Le developpement pubertaire etait correle au sexe de l'enfant p 0,0029. La moyenne d'HbA1c etait de 11,56 2,8  Les principaux troubles retrouves sont le retard de croissance staturale et pubertaire, qui ont pour facteurs de risque l'anciennete du diabete, l'age des patients et le desequilibre du diabete.