nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Making sense by making sentient: effectance motivation increases anthropomorphism.
Venue: Journal of personality and social psychology
Year: 2010

People commonly anthropomorphize nonhuman agents, imbuing everything from computers to pets to gods with humanlike capacities and mental experiences. Although widely observed, the determinants of anthropomorphism are poorly understood and rarely investigated. We propose that people anthropomorphize, in part, to satisfy effectance motivation the basic and chronic motivation to attain mastery of one's environment. Five studies demonstrated that increasing effectance motivation by manipulating the perceived unpredictability of a nonhuman agent or by increasing the incentives for mastery increases anthropomorphism. Neuroimaging data demonstrated that the neural correlates of this process are similar to those engaged when mentalizing other humans. A final study demonstrated that anthropomorphizing a stimulus makes it appear more predictable and understandable, suggesting that anthropomorphism satisfies effectance motivation. Anthropomorphizing nonhuman agents seems to satisfy the basic motivation to make sense of an otherwise uncertain environment.
Brain Computation
Year: 2017

The brain carries out tasks that are very demanding from 13 a computational perspective, apparently powered by a mere 20 Watts. 14 This fact has intrigued computer scientists for many decades, and is cur15 rently drawing many of them to the quest of acquiring a computational 16 understanding of the brain. Yet, at present there is no productive inter17 action of computer scientists with neuroscientists in this quest. Research 18 in computational neuroscience is advancing at a rapid pace, and the 19 resulting abundance of facts and models makes it increasingly difficult 20 for scientists from other fields to engage in brain research. The goal of 21 this article is to provide along with a few words of caution back22 ground, up to date references on data and models in neuroscience, and 23 open problems that appear to provide good opportunities for theoretical 24 computer scientists to enter the fascinating field of brain computation.
A Fuzzy Multi Objective Unit Commitment Model Based Source Grid Load Interaction
Venue: 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)
Year: 2019

In this paper, a fuzzy multi objective unit commitment model based on source grid load interaction is introduced. This model fully considers the interaction between economic and environmental indicators; the model also studies the power interaction between supply and demand. In addition, the modeling method based on the niche genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm is given and the satisfaction model of three indexes is built, which are economy, environment and demand response. MATLAB simulation was used to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results show that the unit combination scheme obtained by this model can effectively complete the triple optimization which is an optimum plan in economy, environment and user satisfaction optimization. It also shows that the interaction of source grid load has great significance on the economic and environmental aspects in the process of power grid optimization.
The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices
Venue: Quarterly journal of experimental psychology
Year: 2020

We often fall victim of an illusory sense of control and agency over our thoughts and actions. Magicians are masters at exploiting these illusions, and forcing techniques provide a powerful way to study apparent action causation the illusion that our action caused the outcome we get. In this article, we used the Criss Cross force to study whether people can tell the difference between an action which had an impact on the outcome they get and one which has no impact. In the Criss Cross force, participants are asked to cut to a card, and while they are genuinely free to cut the cards at any position, the cut does not affect the card they are given (i.e. they always get the top card) We investigate the psychological processes that underpin the success of this force. Experiment 1 (N 60) showed that participants cannot tell the difference between a forced and a controlled outcome. Experiment 2 (N 90) showed that contrary to common magicians' knowledge, misdirection does not play a role in the success of the force. Finally, Experiment 3 (N 60) suggests that rather than misdirection, an attribute substitution error explains why people fail to understand that their action does not have an impact on the outcome they get. Debriefing also shows the importance of participants' expectations in the perception of the trick, as well as the role of prediction of the outcome in participants' sense of agency over the events.
Calling for 'urgent national action to improve the quality of initial teacher education' the reification of evidence and accountability in reform agendas
Year: 2019

In early 2015, the Australian Government and an associated Ministerial Group called for 'urgent national action to improve the quality of initial teacher education' Following this call for action, the Australian Government launched a series of reforms into initial teacher education, targeting 'teacher quality' and 'classroom readiness' The reforms are based on a logic of deficiency within initial teacher education, mandating new accreditation processes, standardized assessments and the National Literacy and Numeracy Test for pre service teachers. In this paper we set out to explore these reforms, considering the policy trajectories, technologies and technicist network in which they are operationalized. We propose the concept of reification and objectification to examine the institutionalization of auditing, standardization, and accountability. These reforms aim to intervene in both the content and delivery of initial teacher education. We argue that reforms such as these recondition our conceptions of professionalism and teacher quality. There is a contraction in scope for progressive or experiential teacher education, and moreover, the ongoing de professionalism of teachers and teacher educators, whom are subjected to constant surveillance.
Untethered Soft Robotics with Fully Integrated Wireless Sensing and Actuating Systems for Somatosensory and Respiratory Functions.
Venue: Soft robotics
Year: 2020

There has been a great deal of interest in designing soft robots that can mimic a human system with haptic and proprioceptive functions. There is now a strong demand for soft robots that can sense their surroundings and functions in harsh environments. This is because the wireless sensing and actuating capabilities of these soft robots are very important for monitoring explosive gases in disaster areas and for moving through contaminated environments. To develop these wireless systems, complex electronic circuits must be integrated with various sensors and actuators. However, the conventional electronic circuits based on silicon are rigid and fragile, which can limit their reliable integration with soft robots for achieving continuous locomotion. In our study, we developed an untethered, soft robotic hand that mimics human fingers. The soft robotic fingers are composed of a thermally responsive elastomer composite that includes capsules of ethanol and liquid metals for its shape deformation through an electrothermal phase transition. And these soft actuators are integrated fully with flexible forms of heaters, with pressure, temperature, and hydrogen gas sensors, and wireless electronic circuits. Entire functions of this soft hand, including the gripping motion of soft robotic fingers and the real time detections of tactile pressures, temperatures, and hydrogen gas concentrations, are monitored or controlled wirelessly using a smartphone. This wireless sensing and actuating system for somatosensory and respiratory functions of a soft robot provides a promising strategy for next generation robotics.
Plant uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products from recycled water and biosolids: a review.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2015

Reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is growing in arid and semi arid regions, while increasing amounts of biosolids are being applied to fields to improve agricultural outputs. These historically under utilized resources contain "emerging contaminants" such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) which may enter agricultural soils and potentially contaminate food crops. In this review, we summarize recent research and provide a detailed overview of PPCPs in the soil plant systems, including analytical methods for determination of PPCPs in plant tissues, fate of PPCPs in agricultural soils receiving treated wastewater irrigation or biosolids amendment, and plant uptake of PPCPs under laboratory and field conditions. Mechanisms of uptake and translocation of PPCPs and their metabolisms in plants are also reviewed. Field studies showed that the concentration levels of PPCPs in crops that were irrigated with treated wastewater or applied with biosolids were very low. Potential human exposure to PPCPs through dietary intake was discussed. Information gaps and questions for future research have been identified in this review.
Finite Time Distributed State Estimation Over Sensor Networks With Round Robin Protocol and Fading Channels
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
Year: 2018

This paper considers finite time distributed state estimation for discrete time nonlinear systems over sensor networks. The Round Robin protocol is introduced to overcome the channel capacity constraint among sensor nodes, and the multiplicative noise is employed to model the channel fading. In order to improve the performance of the estimator under the situation, where the transmission resources are limited, fading channels with different stochastic properties are used in each round by allocating the resources. Sufficient conditions of the average stochastic finite time boundedness and the average stochastic finite time stability for the estimation error system are derived on the basis of the periodic system analysis method and Lyapunov approach, respectively. According to the linear matrix inequality approach, the estimator gains are designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed results are illustrated by a numerical example.
A Risk Aware Path Planning Strategy for UAVs in Urban Environments
Venue: J. Intell. Robotic Syst.
Year: 2019

This paper presents a risk aware path planning strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in urban environments. The aim is to compute an effective path that minimizes the risk to the population, thus enforcing safety of flight operations over inhabited areas. To quantify the risk, the proposed approach uses a risk map that associates discretized locations of the space with a suitable risk cost. Path planning is performed in two phases: first, a tentative path is computed off line on the basis on the information related to static risk factors; then, using a dynamic risk map, an on line path planning adjusts and adapts the off line path to dynamically arising conditions. Off line path planning is performed using riskA* an ad hoc variant of the A* algorithm, which aims at minimizing the risk. While off line path planning has no stringent time constraints for its execution, this is not the case for the on line phase, where a fast response constitutes a critical design parameter. We propose a novel algorithm called Borderland, which uses the check and repair approach to rapidly identify and adjust only the portion of path involved by the inception of relevant dynamical changes in the risk factor. After the path planning, a smoothing process is performed using Dubins curves. Simulation results confirm the suitability of the proposed approach.
The Relationship of Welding Fume Exposure, Smoking, and Pulmonary Function in Welders
Venue: Workplace health safety
Year: 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational exposure to welding fumes and pulmonary function in an effort to add supportive evidence and clarity to the current body of research. This study utilized a retrospective chart review of pulmonary function testing and pulmonary questionnaires already available in charts from preplacement physicals to the most recent test. When comparing smokers to nonsmokers, utilizing multiple regression and controlling for age and percentage of time using a respirator, years welding was statistically significant at p .04. Data support that smoking has a synergistic effect when combined with welding fume exposure on pulmonary decline.
CASTLE: Continuously Anonymizing Data Streams
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Year: 2011

Most of the existing privacy preserving techniques, such as k anonymity methods, are designed for static data sets. As such, they cannot be applied to streaming data which are continuous, transient, and usually unbounded. Moreover, in streaming applications, there is a need to offer strong guarantees on the maximum allowed delay between incoming data and the corresponding anonymized output. To cope with these requirements, in this paper, we present Continuously Anonymizing STreaming data via adaptive cLustEring (CASTLE) a cluster based scheme that anonymizes data streams on the fly and, at the same time, ensures the freshness of the anonymized data by satisfying specified delay constraints. We further show how CASTLE can be easily extended to handle l diversity. Our extensive performance study shows that CASTLE is efficient and effective w.r.t. the quality of the output data.
CSAE Working Paper WPS 20 1703 Turning the paradigm of aid allocation on its head 1
Year: 2017

How should aid be allocated among countries? Past research efforts to answer this question followed three steps: (1) the definition of an objective function; (2) the characterization of its functional form; and (3) the estimation of its parameters. Each step has been heavily criticized. While thought provoking, all attempts to refine the objective function and its functional form have increased complexity, overburdening the already too fragile parameterization step. We argue that a complete rethinking and reversal of this paradigm is needed. We start by examining what can be estimated with "sufficient" credibility. We then define five key properties or axioms which are justified in terms of fairness, proportionality, and encouragement domestic investments. Finally, we combine these elements into an allocation formula. The framework is applied to the allocation of development assistance for health. 1 We thank Tony Atkinson, Benoit Decerf, Richard Manning, and Brian Nolan, as well as participants during seminars at the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) and the Blavatnik School of Government (BSG) at the University of Oxford for useful discussions and comments. Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Olivier Sterck, CSAE, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, OX1 3UQ, Oxford, United Kingdom;
BARRERAS EN LA IMPLEMENTACION DE LA GAMIFICACION EN EDUCACION SUPERIOR: REVISION DE LITERATURA
Year: 2020

Resumen El uso de gamificacion ha ido en aumento en su utilizacion en las principales instituciones de superior, porque los profesores pueden utilizarla para mejorar sus tecnicas de ensenanza y aprendizaje y, sobre todo, para optimizar los escenarios de aprendizaje. Asi, el principal objetivo de este estudio es identificar las barreras subyacentes en la implementacion de estrategias didacticas gamificadas en educacion superior, que permitan una mayor comprension en su aplicacion y utilizacion que posibiliten acciones de mejora al momento de utilizar la gamificacion como un recurso pedagogico. La metodologia utilizada se basa en un enfoque sistematizado compuesto de cinco fases en el desarrollo investigativo a saber: busqueda, evaluacion, analisis, sintesis y presentacion. Como resultado final se obtuvieron 101 articulos que sirvieron como insumo para la identificacion de cinco barreras (tecnologia, diseno de la estrategia gamificada, pedagogia, docente y estudiante) y 29 barreras especificas en la implementacion de estrategias didacticas gamificadas en el nivel de la educacion superior. En conclusion, se puede inferir la importancia de los procesos de capacitacion y cualificacion docente en competencias tecnologicas que posibilitan una adecuada aplicacion de la gamificacion por los docentes y el resto de los profesionales en su propio contexto de aprendizaje virtual, asi como la comprension holistica a partir de las mas recientes perspectivas sobre gamificacion. Finalmente, se sugiere realizar investigaciones que permitan la identificacion de nuevas barreras en paises de origen y modalidades de educacion, asi como la obtencion de datos especializados o del analisis de contenidos gamificados que complementen proximos estudios.
On material separation and cutting force prediction in micro milling through involving the effect of dead metal zone
Venue: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
Year: 2019

Shearing and ploughing forces are the main cutting force components in cutting process. Traditional cutting force model, which considers ploughing force as an item independent of the uncut chip thickness, cannot be used in micro milling process. Thus, it is desired to further understand the contribution of the uncut chip thickness to the shearing and ploughing forces in micro milling. This article presents a new method to describe the material separation phenomenon together with the influence of the uncut chip thickness on micro milling force. By combining the plastic formation theory with the slip line field theory, a material separation model is first developed to theoretically calculate the shape of the dead metal zone, which is a common physical phenomenon appearing in micro milling. As a result, the positions of three separation points, which are related to the cutting edge radius and the cutting parameters, are realized being calculated in an analytical way for the first time. Based on the developed separation model, the minimum uncut chip thickness (MUCT) which is the critical bound determining whether the material flows to the rake face or the clearance face, is theoretically derived and calculated. Finally, a cutting force model that can separately consider the shearing and ploughing effects is established. Both numerical simulations and experimental cutting tests validate that the proposed material separation model and the cutting force model are reasonable for micro milling process.
Tobacco Plant Detection in RGB Aerial Images
Year: 2020

Tobacco is an essential economic crop in China. The detection of tobacco plants in aerial images plays an important role in the management of tobacco plants and, in particular, in yield estimations. Traditional yield estimation is based on site inspections, which can be inefficient, time consuming, and laborious. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to detect tobacco plants in RGB aerial images automatically. The proposed algorithm is comprised of two stages: (1) A candidate selecting algorithm extracts possible tobacco plant regions from the input, (2) a trained CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) classifies a candidate as either a tobacco plant region or a nontobacco plant one. This proposed algorithm is trained and evaluated on different datasets. It demonstrates good performance on tobacco plant detection in aerial images and obtains a significant improvement on AP (Average Precision) compared to faster R CNN (Regions with CNN features) and YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once v3)
Toybox: A Suite of Environments for Experimental Evaluation of Deep Reinforcement Learning
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently challenging. In particular, learned policies are largely opaque, and hypotheses about the behavior of deep RL agents are difficult to test in black box environments. Considerable effort has gone into addressing opacity, but almost no effort has been devoted to producing high quality environments for experimental evaluation of agent behavior. We present TOYBOX, a new high performance, open source* subset of Atari environments re designed for the experimental evaluation of deep RL. We show that TOYBOX enables a wide range of experiments and analyses that are impossible in other environments. this https URL
Chinese news text classification based on attention based CNN BiLSTM
Venue: International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
Year: 2020

With the rapid development of text categorization technology, there are still some problems, such as low classification efficiency, low accuracy and incomplete extraction of text features, in the case of large amount of data and too many categorized attributes. In this paper, a hybrid model of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long term and Short term Memory Neural Network) combined with Attention (Attention Mechanism) is used to classify and process long text data. CNN extracts feature information from text, then uses BiLSTM to extract context semantics information, combines Attention to distribute weight of text information, and enters softmax classifier to classify. The experimental results show that the feature extraction of this model is more comprehensive, and the classification effect has been improved to a certain extent.
Interaction between insulin like growth factor 1 and atherosclerosis and vascular aging.
Venue: Frontiers of hormone research
Year: 2014

The process of vascular aging encompasses alterations in the function of endothelial (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via oxidation, inflammation, cell senescence and epigenetic modifications, increasing the probability of atherosclerosis. Aged vessels exhibit decreased endothelial antithrombogenic properties, increased reactive oxygen species generation, inflammatory signaling and migration of VSMCs to the subintimal space, impaired angiogenesis and increased elastin degradation. The key initiating step in atherogenesis is subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B containing low density lipoproteins resulting in activation of ECs and recruitment of monocytes. Activated ECs secrete 'chemokines' that interact with cognate chemokine receptors on monocytes and promote directional migration. Recruitment of immune cells establishes a proinflammatory status, further causing elevated oxidative stress, which in turn triggers a series of events including apoptotic or necrotic death of vascular and nonvascular cells. Increased oxidative stress is also considered to be a key factor in mechanisms of aging associated changes in tissue integrity and function. Experimental evidence indicates that insulin like growth factor 1 exerts antioxidant, anti inflammatory and pro survival effects on the vasculature, reducing atherosclerotic plaque burden and promoting features of atherosclerotic plaque stability.