nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Enzyme Assisted Extraction and Purification of Flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis Nut Coated Film and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Venue: Molecules
Year: 2021

Pinus koraiensis nut coated film is a kind of by product of nut processing, which has been shown to contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and other substances that can be used to produce natural antioxidant extracts. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids of P. koraiensis nut coated film (PNF) and macroporous resin HPD600 was used to purify PNF (P PNF) Its antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH (1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity, oxygen free radical absorption capacity (ORAC) total oxygen radical capture (TRAP) and iron ion reduction capacity. Under the ideal extraction conditions comprising a cellulase dosage of 90 U/g, a material/liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) and an extraction time of 2 h, the PNF yield was 3.37% Purification conditions were sample concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, pH of 5, water washing volume of 3 bed volume (BV) eluent ethanol concentration of 50% and volume of 2 BV. The P PNF recovery was 84.32% and purity increased from 33.80% to 61.70% Additionally, P PNF showed increased antioxidant activity compared to PNF. Cumulatively, this study obtained the optimal values for the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of PNF for economically optimal production at an industrial scale.
Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Patient Infected with Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: A Case Report
Venue: GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology
Year: 2020

There has been a growing interest in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a way to manipulate gut microbiota, with potential benefit in patients infected with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria.  We present the case of an 87 year old male with recurrent ascending cholangitis due to biliary atony and impaired biliary drainage after multiple biliary sphincterotomies and two papillary balloon dilations. In this context, a choledochoduodenostomy was performed, but the patient kept on having repeated episodes of acute cholangitis, resulting in multiple hospitalizations, every other week, with need of multiple broad spectrum antibiotic courses, which led to bacteremias with MDR microorganisms. Several therapeutic strategies such as prophylactic antibiotics (including rifaximin) pre and probiotics, prokinetics, and ursodeoxycholic acid were unsuccessfully attempted. After multidisciplinary case discussion, an FMT was proposed, with the aim of manipulating gut microbiota and decreasing MDR bacteremias. We first performed FMT via colonoscopy in September 2018, after which the patient still had 3 more hospitalizations for acute cholangitis, but isolated bacteria in blood cultures were resistant only to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Considering this apparent change in the microbial resistance profile, we performed a second FMT in January 2019 via the upper gastrointestinal route. During the next 4 months, the patient remained well. In April 2019, the patient relapsed again with three more episodes of cholangitis, for which we repeated the FMT via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. No readmissions were observed during the next 4 months. All three FMTs were performed without complications.  FMT seems to be a safe procedure and was effective in decreasing hospital admissions and changing the profile of MDR bacteria previously isolated from blood cultures.
PENGARUH PORSI KEPEMILIKAN PUBLIK, PROPORSI DEWAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, DAN UKURAN KAP TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN SUKARELA
Venue: JURNAL AKUNTANSI BERKELANJUTAN INDONESIA
Year: 2019

ABSTRAK Investor dan pengguna informasi keuangan membutuhkan pengungkapan sukarela untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih baik dimasa depan karena pengungkapan wajib saja masih tidak cukup. Dalam penelitian ini, memilih porsi kepemilikan publik, proporsi komisaris independen dan ukuran KAP sebagai faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi pengungkapan sukarela Dengan menggunakan purposive sampling didapatkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 27 perusahaan properti dan real estaste yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2016. Hasil dari analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa porsi kepemilikan publik dan ukuran KAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan sukarela, sedangkan proporsi dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan sukarela.
Compact DEMO, SlimCS: design progress and issues
Year: 2009

The design progress in a compact low aspect ratio (low A) DEMO reactor, 'SlimCS' and its design issues are reported. The design study focused mainly on the torus configuration including the blanket, divertor, materials and maintenance scheme. For continuity with the Japanese ITER TBM, the blanket is based on a water cooled solid breeder blanket. For vertical stability of the elongated plasma and high beta access, the blanket is segmented into replaceable and permanent blankets and a sector wide conducting shell is arranged inbetween these blankets. A numerical calculation indicates that fuel self sufficiency can be satisfied when the blanket interior is ideally fabricated. An allowable heat load to the divertor plate should be 8 MW m 2 or lower, which can be a critical constraint for determining a handling power of DEMO.
Klasifikasi Citra Hiperspektral Pada Kasus Tutupan Lahan Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Year: 2020

Informasi tutupan lahan dengan citra penginderaan jauh (inderaja) berbasis hiperspektral sangat efektif dalam pengelolaan peruntukan penggunaan lahan secara tepat. Selain dapat memberikan informasi keragaman spasial secara luas, cepat dan mudah, citra ini memiliki ratusan band spektral yang dapat memberikan struktur informasi permukaan bumi berdasarkan reflektansi gelombang elektromagnetik yang diterimanya. Metode One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) menunjukkan performa yang cukup baik pada klasifikasi tutupan lahan berbasis citra hiperspektral. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis performa metode 1D CNN pada dataset Indian Pines 16 kelas, dimana sebelumnya metode 1D CNN diimplementasikan pada dataset Indian Pines 9 kelas. Hasil klasifikasi terbaik diperoleh pada percobaan 10000 epoch dari lima percobaan epoch yang berbeda dengan Overall Accuracy (OA) 88.97% dan Kappa 87.4%
Seismic Behavior of concrete filled steel Tubular Built up columns
Year: 2015

With the advantages of CFST built up columns, including the higher confinement in the concrete, delay of the steel local buckling, higher compressive and flexural strength, earthquake and fire resistance, rapid construction, savings in the construction costs, etc. CFST built up columns are increasing adopted in structural members with larger load eccentricity ratio and slenderness ratio, such as stadium, industrial buildings, bridge pier and pillar, and electrical transmission tower. However, the research is mainly focused on static performance, seldom research has been reported on the dynamic behavior of CFST built up columns. The present research investigates the seismic behavior of CFST built up columns. A detailed literature survey on the CFST built up structures, including mechanical characteristics, applications, ductility in seismic design, previous experimental researches, and finite element formulation, is firstly illustrated. Six specimens with different grades of concrete and brace arrangements are designed and tested subjected to cyclic loading. The hysteretic behavior, such as failure mode, deformed shape, displacement ductility, rigidity and strength degradation, and energy dissipation capacity of test specimens are discussed. The corresponding validated finite element model (FEM) simulations are developed for parametric analysis, to discuss the hysteretic behavior, affected by axial load ratio, chord spacing, brace spacing, diameter to thickness ratio, and steel yield strength. Results indicate that the hysteretic characteristics of specimens are saturated and exhibited good ductility. The concrete strength and steel yield strength played a slight effect to the displacement ductility factor. While the ductility will be significantly affected by axial load ratio and geometrical types. Based on extended parametric analysis and regression analysis, a simplified method, consisted by equivalent slenderness ratio, axial load ratio and steel yield strength, is proposed to calculate the displacement ductility factor of CFST battened columns and laced columns, respectively. The accuracy is validated with test results. After that, to investigate the seismic performance of built up columns used in practice, an innovative lightweight bridge with CFST composite truss girder and CFST lattice pier is studied as case study. For the purpose, FEM simulation and shaking table test are carried out. The FEM results agree with experimental data. In addition, the plastic hinges were predicted under transverse and longitudinal excitation respectively, revealed that CFST built up columns has a favorable seismic performance.
Classification and fractal characteristics of coal rock fragments under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions
Venue: Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Year: 2018

Rock burst is a serious geological hazard in deep underground mines affecting progress of mining operations. Although rock burst is a complex process, a distribution law of fractal characteristics can explain the rock failure mechanism. Using a servo controlled testing system, uniaxial cyclic loading tests on coal rock specimens were conducted to investigate the fractal characteristics of the fragments under different loading rates. To comprehensively characterize the coal fragments of different sizes, samples were divided into four groups of different size: particles, fine, medium size, and coarse fragments. The distribution of the fragments under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions was then investigated based on the theory of fractal geometry, and the relationships between fractal dimensions and loading rates. Under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions, most of the fragments are irregular wedges and bulks, exhibiting obvious shape characteristics. Under various loading rates, the length quantity fractal dimensions of the coal fragments ranged from 0.74 to 1.44, the width quantity fractal dimensions range from 0.44 to 1.65, and the thickness cumulative mass fractal dimensions range from 1.0 to 1.33. The coal rock's crushing size mass fractal dimensions under different loading rates were 2.27, 2.30, 2.32, and 2.35, respectively. Under a small loading rate, the dimension quantity fractal dimensions are relatively small, suggesting that the coal rock was less crushed, with large fragments differing greatly in length, width, and thickness. The results show that the coal rock fragments exhibit certain shape characteristics after the cyclic loading, like irregular shapes and wedges. Under a larger loading rate, the fragments showed greater fractal dimensions of both size and mass; the coal samples crushed more thoroughly with more uniform fragments in length, width, thickness and mass. The conclusions obtained in this study confirm the classification and fractal characteristics of coal rock fragments by uniaxial cyclic loading conditions in laboratory test and provide the basis for further study on the mechanism of rock burst. This study is helpful for us to make a thorough inquiry the danger degree of rock burst in coal mine by using fractal geometry, understand the effects of methane to coal and the evolution mechanism of cracks, and it can be applied to the research on occurrence mechanism and early warning of rock burst.
Study on the Application of Time Delay Estimation in Seven element Acoustic Array's Location
Year: 2011

The projectile is in supersonic while it is leaving the shell and flying in air.Based on acoustical principles the shock wave which the projectile have can be used to locate and track its space.For the problem of poor positioning accuracy in five elements space acoustic array,the location algorithm of seven element acoustic array and the location algorithm by the time delay estimation of passive acoustic are proposed.Compared with the five elements space acoustic array and the seven elements space acoustic array,it is found that seven element acoustic array can effectively improve the positioning accuracy with the computer simulation.
UWB Noise OFDM Netted Radar: Physical Layer Design and Analysis
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems
Year: 2011

It is well known that ultra wideband (UWB) noise radar achieves high resolution imaging of targets and terrain. The wide bandwidth yields fine range resolution, while the noise waveform provides immunity from detection, interference, and interception. Having multiple noise radars networked with each other provides significant benefits in target detection and recognition. We propose a scheme to modify the UWB noise radar to supplement it with secure multi user network communication capabilities, thus architecting the UWB noise orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) netted radar. The salient features of this multi functional radar system include surveillance with embedded security enabled OFDM based communications, multi user capability, and physical layer security. The system's physical layer design is analyzed for the composite UWB noise OFDM waveform's dual performance, communications reliability, confidentiality, and message integrity protection. We also present critical issues that underscore the need for a unique medium access control (MAC) algorithm as a duplex multiplexing technique for this ad hoc multi radar communications network.
Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions
Year: 2012

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a normal product of plant cellular metabolism. Various environmental stresses lead to excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, they are well described second messengers in a variety of cellular processes, including conferment of tolerance to various environmental stresses. Whether ROS would serve as signaling molecules or could cause oxidative damage to the tissues depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several nonenzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this paper, we describe the generation, sites of production and role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage. Further, the antioxidative defense mechanisms operating in the cells for scavenging of ROS overproduced under various stressful conditions of the environment have been discussed in detail.
Modeling reference games with objects of unknown categories a Bayesian decoder for zero shot language generation
Year: 2019

Recent computational work in Language Vision has extended neural language generation models with pragmatic reasoning components implemented along the lines of "rational speech acts" (RSA) [1,2,3] These models use a Bayesian approach to decoding a neural (literal) generation component trained, e.g. on pairs of images and verbal descriptions, to produce pragmatically appropriate image captions. Another recent strand of work in Language Vision investigates zero shot learning  Here, the task is to correctly label objects of novel categories that the model did not observe during training. In this work, we combine these lines of research and frame zero shot learning as a challenge for pragmatic modeling. We explore zero shot reference games as a new setting for generation models: in this game, a speaker needs to refer a novel category object in an image, such that an addressee (who may or may not know the category) is able to identify the target object. Previous work on language generation has commonly looked at games where a referent of a familiar category needs to be discriminated among distractor referents of identical or similar categories, thereby focussing mostly on modeling attribute selection  Our work on zero shot reference games adds an additional dimension of uncertainty to this picture, namely a setting where the category of the target itself might not be known to the model and, hence, cannot be named with reasonable accuracy. We hypothesize that Bayesian reasoning in the style of Rational Speech Acts can extend a neural generation model trained to refer to objects of known categories, towards zero shot learning. We implement a Bayesian decoder reasoning about categorical uncertainty and show that, solely as a result of pragmatic decoding, our model produces fewer misleading object names when being uncertain about the category. Furthermore, we show that this strategy often improves reference resolution accuracies of an automatic listener. More generally, we argue that uncertain knowledge of the world that surrounds us, including novel objects, is not only a machine learning challenge: it is a common aspect of human communication, as speakers rarely have perfect representations of their environment. Thus, when referring to objects of unfamiliar or difficult to name categories, even human speakers might produce utterances that avoid naming the object (e.g. the blue thingy) and avoid confusing the listener. We believe that our approach is an encouraging result for scaling models in computational pragmatics to real world conversation and its complexities.
Artificial intelligence and simulation
Year: 2008

The use of simulation gaming in education, health, training, public policy, social change, and various technical and social disciplines is aiding decision makers and trainees to gain experience by acting on realistic dynamic scenarios. The number of nonentertainment games under development is rapidly increasing. For instance, the recent Serious Games initiative relies on using such simulation gaming environments to explore management and leadership challenges facing the public sector. The appreciation for the ideas, skills, technologies, and techniques used in commercial entertainment games is at an all time high. Many commercial games are already in use for purposes other than entertainment. Titles such as SIM CITY, CIVILIZATION HIDDEN AGENDA, and others have been used as learning tools in schools and universities across the globe. The need for increased level of reality and fidelity in such domain specific games calls for the use of advanced computational technology such as high resolution graphics, distributed and powerful gaming engines, and methods that bring realism and intelligence to actors and scenarios. Nowadays, agent directed simulation modeling is very popular for representing complex social phenomena. The premise of the agent paradigm, its related theory and methodologies, together with advances in multilevel modeling of complex systems of interactions, are opening new frontiers for advancing the physical, natural, social, military, and information sciences and engineering. Recent trends have made it clear that simulation model complexity will continue to increase dramatically in the coming decades. The dynamic and distributed nature of simulation gaming applications the significance of exploratory analysis of complex scientific phenomena, and the need for modeling the micro level interactions, collaboration, and cooperation among real world entities is bringing a shift in the way that simulation games are being conceptualized. Using intelligent agents in simulation models is based on the idea that it is possible to represent the behavior of active entities in the world in terms of the interactions of an assembly of agents with their own operational autonomy. The possibility to model complex situations whose overall structures emerge from interactions among individual entities and to cause structures on the macro level to emerge from the models at the micro level is making agent paradigm a critical enabler in model ing and simulation of complex adaptive systems.
Gender and Transaction Costs in Crush Pen Spraying for Trypanosomiasis Control in Kenya
Year: 2017

Trypanosomiasis a widespread constraint in livestock production, mixed farming and human health in Africa has necessitated development of several technologies to ameliorate the effects of the disease. However delivery of these technologies to farmers has been undertaken on trial and error basis without a proper strategy leading to more failure than success and wastage of scarce resources. The purpose of this paper was to carry out an analysis of transaction costs associated with the use of communal crushpen in tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control among smallholder cattle farms in Busia County, Kenya. The study utilized cross sectional survey design and was guided by the New Institutional Economics approach. Stratified and simple random sampling technique was adopted to get 211 respondents. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conjoint results showed that price was the most important factor influencing the farmers' decision for crushpen use, accounting for 55.58% distance accounted for 20.7% while trust accounted for 14.6% and group affiliation 8.7% It is recommended that crush pens should be close to farms, managed by trustworthy people preferably belonging to farmers' groups and charges levied for spraying the cows should be within the reach of farmers. The necessity of developing affordable Tsetse fly and Trypanosomiasis control methods in the war against Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis is supported by this study.
Development and Evaluation of a Parent Engagement Curriculum to Connect Latino Families and Schools.
Year: 2018

Parent school engagement is a contributor to student achievement, but few relevant programs exist for immigrant Latino families. This article describes the design, pilot implementation, and evaluation of a parent engagement Extension program, developed and implemented in Spanish. The purpose of the program is to help parents develop and/or strengthen their relationships with school staff and teachers, build skills in navigating the U.S. school system, and increase their self efficacy for supporting their children's success in school. Development of the program curriculum comprised a participatory approach that involved input from cultural guides and focus group sessions conducted in Spanish. Evaluation results indicate positive changes related to most program goals and increased parent school engagement.
Antibacterial mechanism and activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles
Venue: Science China Materials
Year: 2019

Nanomaterials have been applied as antibacterial agents by virtue of their unique functioning mechanism different from that of conventional antibiotics. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are important antibacterial agents due to their relatively low toxicity to normal cells and their distinct antibacterial mechanism based on the reversible conversion between two valence states of Ce(III)/Ce (IV) Some studies have been conducted to explore their antibacterial activities; however, systematic research reviews on the related mechanisms and influencing factors are still quite rare. In this review, we discuss the plausible mechanisms of the antibacterial activity of CeO2 NPs, analyze different influencing factors, and summarize various research reports on antibacterial effects on E. coli and S. aureus. We also propose the potential applications and prospects, and hope to provide an in depth understanding on the antibacterial mechanism and a better guidance to the design and applications of this promising antibacterial material in the future.