nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Child Pugh Versus MELD Score for the Assessment of Prognosis in Liver Cirrhosis
Venue: Medicine
Year: 2016

AbstractChild Pugh and MELD scores have been widely used for the assessment of prognosis in liver cirrhosis. A systematic review and meta analysis aimed to compare the discriminative ability of Child Pugh versus MELD score to assess the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. The statistical results were summarized from every individual study. The summary areas under receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios were also calculated.Of the 1095 papers initially identified, 119 were eligible for the systematic review. Study population was heterogeneous among studies. They included 269 comparisons, of which 44 favored MELD score, 16 favored Child Pugh score, 99 did not find any significant difference between them, and 110 did not report the statistical significance. Forty two papers were further included in the meta analysis. In patients with acute on chronic liver failure, Child Pugh score had a higher sensitivity and a lower specificity than MELD score. In patients admitted to ICU, MELD score had a smaller negative likelihood ratio and a higher sensitivity than Child Pugh score. In patients undergoing surgery, Child Pugh score had a higher specificity than MELD score. In other subgroup analyses, Child Pugh and MELD scores had statistically similar discriminative abilities or could not be compared due to the presence of significant diagnostic threshold effects.Although Child Pugh and MELD scores had similar prognostic values in most of cases, their benefits might be heterogeneous in some specific conditions. The indications for Child Pugh and MELD scores should be further identified.
Franken Education, or When Science Runs Amok
Year: 2019

The story of Victor Frankenstein is popularly and critically regarded as, among other stories, the story of a mad scientist. In this chapter, that mad scientist narrative is explored in relation to the study of childhood. The relationship between the scientist and the child is examined first through the story of Victor and his nameless monster creation. Mary Shelley's critique of science is engaged as a critical element of that relationship. The chapter then examines three further relationships of children to science and scientists through the stories of Ender Wiggin, Tetsuo, and CHAPPiE. In each narrative, Promethean problems are revealed for the study of childhood. The chapter concludes with the provocation that Victor Frankenstein's failing was not his apparently failed experiment but rather his failure to care for the monster.
Radio Map Based Robust Positioning Optimization for UAV Enabled Wireless Power Transfer
Venue: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
Year: 2020

This letter studies an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) system, in which a UAV mounted energy transmitter (ET) optimizes its positioning locations over time to efficiently charge a set of energy receivers (ERs) distributed on the ground. Different from conventional designs based on deterministic (e.g. line of sight (LoS) or stochastic (e.g. probabilistic LoS) channel models, we consider a new radio map based design approach, in which the UAV exploits the information of channel propagation environments for efficient positioning optimization. By practically assuming that the UAV only partially knows the ERs' locations, our objective is to maximize the minimum energy transferred to all ERs over a particular charging duration that is sufficiently long. By applying the robust optimization and Lagrange duality method, we obtain an efficient solution to the minimum energy maximization problem, which has an interesting multi location positioning structure. Numerical results show that our proposed radio map based robust design significantly improves the WPT performance, as compared to conventional designs based on LoS and probabilistic LoS channel models.
El proceso capturador de valor: como sacar el maximo provecho de sus nuevos emprendimientos de negocios
Year: 2007

La alta tasa de fracasos entre los nuevos negocios se suele atribuir a la incertidumbre fundamental del proceso. En realidad, dicen McGrath y Keil, las causas del decepcionante monto de valor que generan estan en la forma defectuosa en que gestionan y evaluan los emprendimientos. En vez de utilizar el enfoque vamos/no vamos, donde el proyecto es lanzado comercialmente o liquidado, los tomadores de decisiones deberian considerar muchas otras alternativas: reciclar el emprendimiento dirigiendolo hacia otro mercado objetivo; escindirlo hacia otros propietarios o a un joint venture; integrarlo en una unidad de negocios establecida; o rescatar los elementos utiles como tecnologias, capacidades, conocimiento y patentes. Las firmas que sobresalen en la captura de valor ?los ?capturadores de valor? cuyas practicas y mentalidad explora este articulo? han creado procesos formales para extraer sistematicamente lo que se pueda de los exitos, fracasos y toda la gama intermedia. Saben que un emprendimiento deberia ser tratado como un experimento cientifico, donde el aprendizaje juega un rol crucial. Estan listos para aprovechar nuevas oportunidades si un emprendimiento se desvia de su curso original. Fomentan las redes para promover la cooperacion y la colaboracion entre los lideres de negocios establecidos y los equipos de emprendimiento, e involucran a las personas de toda la empresa en el proceso de evaluacion de emprendimientos. No permiten que criterios financieros dominen las evaluaciones, y reconocen que la mejor gente para lanzar un negocio puede no ser la que desarrollo la idea. Si su capacidad de innovar se ha estancado, sus proyectos promisorios se ahogan porque no recuperan la inversion, o alguien mas hizo un fabuloso negocio con una idea ligeramente distinta de la que usted abandono, considere convertirse en un capturador de valor.
Effects of Adipose Tissue Stem Cell Concurrent with Greater Omentum on Experimental Long Bone Healing in Dog
Venue: Connective tissue research
Year: 2012

Repair of large bone defects resulting from trauma, tumors, and osteitis is a current challenge to surgeons. Adipose derived adult stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent cells that are able to differentiate into osteoblasts in the presence of certain factors. In this study, the role of greater omentum as a scaffold incorporation of ASCs was evaluated in long bone defect healing in dog model. Sixteen 3 4 year old, male adult mongrel dogs, weighing 25.2 3.5 kg, were used in this study. In the control group (n 4) the defect was left empty. In the omental group (n 4) the defect was filled with harvested omentum. In the omental ASCs group (n 4) the defect was filled with omentum and 1 mL of ASCs was injected into the grafted omentum. In the omental culture medium group (n 4) 1 mL of culture medium was injected into the grafted omentum. Finally, the injured radial bones were fixed with plate and screw. Radiographs of each forelimb was taken postoperatively on the first day and at the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks postinjury to evaluate bone formation, union, and remodeling of the defect. The operated radii were removed on the 56th postoperative day and were histopathologically evaluated. In this study, both omental culture medium and omental ASCs groups demonstrated superior osteogenic potential in healing the radial bone defect. Compared to those of the omental and control groups, more advanced bone healing criteria were present in the omental culture medium and omental ASCs groups at radiological and histopathological levels at 8 weeks postsurgery.
HDR GAN: HDR Image Reconstruction From Multi Exposed LDR Images With Large Motions
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year: 2021

Synthesizing high dynamic range (HDR) images from multiple low dynamic range (LDR) exposures in dynamic scenes is challenging. There are two major problems caused by the large motions of foreground objects. One is the severe misalignment among the LDR images. The other is the missing content due to the over /under saturated regions caused by the moving objects, which may not be easily compensated for by the multiple LDR exposures. Thus, it requires the HDR generation model to be able to properly fuse the LDR images and restore the missing details without introducing artifacts. To address these two problems, we propose in this paper a novel GAN based model, HDR GAN, for synthesizing HDR images from multi exposed LDR images. To our best knowledge, this work is the first GAN based approach for fusing multi exposed LDR images for HDR reconstruction. By incorporating adversarial learning, our method is able to produce faithful information in the regions with missing content. In addition, we also propose a novel generator network, with a reference based residual merging block for aligning large object motions in the feature domain, and a deep HDR supervision scheme for eliminating artifacts of the reconstructed HDR images. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves state of the art reconstruction performance over the prior HDR methods on diverse scenes.
Examining the Effects of Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, and Employee Training on Organizational Commitment
Year: 2016

Building organizational commitment among employees is one of the important factors for ensuring organizational effectiveness. This is because committed employees can lead to favourable organizational outcomes. Based on the review of literature, it is observed that there are limited data on organizational commitment in education sector. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of three factors namely employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on organizational commitment in Malaysian higher education context. To fulfil the stated objective, the data were collected using an online survey from 242 employees at the public universities in northern Malaysia. The collected data were analysed on SPSS and structural equation modelling (SEM) The findings indicated that employee empowerment has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. The effect of teamwork on organizational commitment was also found to be positive and statistically significant. Finally, the findings confirmed that employee training has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. These findings are expected to provide beneficial suggestions for the management in higher education sector to improve organizational commitment among their employees by focusing on employee empowerment, training, and teamwork.
Attributable causes of cancer in Japan in 2005 systematic assessment to estimate current burden of cancer attributable to known preventable risk factors in Japan.
Venue: Annals of oncology official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
Year: 2012

To contribute to evidence based policy decision making for national cancer control, we conducted a systematic assessment to estimate the current burden of cancer attributable to known preventable risk factors in Japan in 2005.  We first estimated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of each cancer attributable to known risk factors from relative risks derived primarily from Japanese pooled analyses and large scale cohort studies and the prevalence of exposure in the period around 1990. Using nationwide vital statistics records and incidence estimates, we then estimated the attributable cancer incidence and mortality in 2005.  In 2005, 55% of cancer among men was attributable to preventable risk factors in Japan. The corresponding figure was lower among women, but preventable risk factors still accounted for nearly 30% of cancer. In men, tobacco smoking had the highest PAF (30% for incidence and 35% for mortality, respectively) followed by infectious agents (23% and 23% In women, in contrast, infectious agents had the highest PAF (18% and 19% for incidence and mortality, respectively) followed by tobacco smoking (6% and 8% CONCLUSIONS In Japan, tobacco smoking and infections are major causes of cancer. Further control of these factors will contribute to substantial reductions in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Acceptance Training on Reducing Sport Injury Anxiety and Improving Performance of Soccer Players
Year: 2019

Mindfulness has been defined as the non judgemental and awareness at the moment of present experience. Mindfulness meditation is one of the main athletic performance enhancement strategies that affects through improvement of concentration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance training program on reducing sport injury anxiety and improving performance of soccer players.  The research followed a semi experimental design with pre test and post test and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 26 soccer teams in the second group of Tehran League 2. The statistical sample included two teams with an age range of 24.5 years, who were randomly selected. To measure the data, Demographic questionnaire, Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) Sport Injury Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Assessment questionnaire of Sport Performance were used. The Mindfulness intervention was implemented in seven sessions with one week intervals.  The mean scores of anxiety in the experimental group in the pre test stage was 2.97 and 2.49 in the post test phase. The pre test score of soccer players was 4.62 and the post test score was 5.6. According to the data obtained, the pre test scores had a significant effect on the score of anxiety in sport injuries and sport performance; by controlling the effect of pre test scores, the two groups for sport injury anxiety and sport performance were significantly different (P <0.05) So, the anxiety of sport injury in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group and the sport performance was higher in the experimental group than in the control group.  Findings of the present study showed significant implications regarding the effect of a mindfulness and acceptance training program on reducing sport injury anxiety and improving performance of soccur Players. As a result, the sport coaches and sport psychologist can use mindfulness as a simple and inexpensive method to decrease sport injury anxiety and improve sport performance in athletes.
Yenilebilir Film ve Kaplamalar: Uretimleri, Uygulama Yontemleri, Fonksiyonlari ve Kasli Gidalarda Kullanimlari
Year: 2017

Ambalajlama endustrisindeki hizli gelisime paralel olarak, son yillarda, bariyer ozelliginden dolayi sinirli etki gosteren klasik ambalajlama teknikleri yaninda, ek avantajlar saglayan yeni ambalaj materyalleri ve teknolojileri de gelistirilmektedir. Bu teknolojilerden biri olan yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar, raf omrunu uzatmak amaciyla gida maddelerinin ambalajlanmasinda kullanilan ve gida ile birlikte tuketilebilen ambalajlardir. Onceleri, genellikle depolama ve tasima sirasinda nem kaybini onlemek amaciyla kullanilan bu ambalajlar, gunumuzde gidalarin kalite ozelliklerinin iyilestirilmesi ve raf omrunun uzatilmasi amaciyla kullanilmaktadir. Ayrica bu ambalajlar, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal bilesiklerle kombine edilerek gidalarda istenmeyen renk olusumunu, lipit oksidasyonunu ve mikrobiyolojik bozulmalari engellerler. Kasli gidalar, depolama sirasinda meydana gelen mikrobiyal ve biyokimyasal degisiklikler nedeniyle cabuk bozulan ve raf omru nispeten kisa olan urunlerdir. Bu yuzden, kasli gidalarin depolama suresince bozulmalarinin geciktirilerek korunmalarinda modern ambalajlama teknolojileri onem tasimaktadir. Bu derlemede, bu teknolojilerden olan yenilebilir film ve kaplamalarin ozellikleri ve kasli gidalarda kullanimlari konusunda gunumuze kadar yapilan calismalar ozetlenmistir.
Most Common Formal Grammatical Errors Committed by Authors
Year: 2017

Empirical evidence has been provided about the importance of avoiding American Psychological Association (APA) errors in the abstract, body, reference list, and table sections of empirical research articles. Specifically, authors are significantly more likely to have their manuscripts rejected for publication if they commit numerous APA violations and, thus, do not write with discipline in these sections. In addition to adhering to APA, writing with discipline also includes avoiding what I call formal grammatical errors Thus, in this study, I analyzed formal grammatical errors committed in 117 manuscripts submitted to the journal Research in the Schools over a 6 year period. Among other results, I identified the 35 most common formal grammatical errors. The use of colloquial words/phrases e.g. "the author did a good job" (76.1% represented the most common grammatical error. Further, I identified a link between the number of grammatical errors and the subsequent disposition of a manuscript i.e. accept vs. revise and resubmit vs. reject) Finally, I identified the formal grammatical errors that best predicted whether or not a manuscript was rejected by the editor. I contend that an efficient way for authors to learn how to write with discipline is to focus initially on these most common formal grammatical errors. Further, I contend that these errors provide useful starting points for persons who teach scholarly writing. Finally, authors of the APA Publication Manual might use this information to determine which grammatical rules and guidelines to emphasize.
Efficient fixed point and Newton Krylov solvers for FFT based homogenization of elasticity at large deformations
Year: 2014

In recent years the FFT based homogenization method of Moulinec and Suquet has been established as a fast, accurate and robust tool for obtaining effective properties in linear elasticity and conductivity problems. In this work we discuss FFT based homogenization for elastic problems at large deformations, with a focus on the following improvements. Firstly, we exhibit the fixed point method introduced by Moulinec and Suquet for small deformations as a gradient descent method. Secondly, we propose a Newton Krylov method for large deformations. We give an example for which this methods needs approximately 20 times less iterations than Newton's method using linear fixed point solvers and roughly $100$$100 times less iterations than the nonlinear fixed point method. However, the Newton Krylov method requires 4 times more storage than the nonlinear fixed point scheme. Exploiting the special structure we introduce a memory efficient version with 40 memory saving. Thirdly, we give an analytical solution for the micromechanical solution field of a two phase isotropic St.Venant Kirchhoff laminate. We use this solution for comparison and validation, but it is of independent interest. As an example for a microstructure relevant in engineering we discuss finally the application of the FFT based method to glass fiber reinforced polymer structures.
An attempt at improving atmospheric corrections\\in InSAR using cycle consistent adversarial networks
Year: 2020

Interferometry from satellite radar has thrived as a major asset to study surface deformations from earthquakes, volcanoes, aquifers, glaciers, landslides, etc. Most signals recorded in an interferogram have precise enough models to remove them almost completely. Yet, current models still fail to capture the full range and scales of variations of atmospheric perturbations. This work explores the use of an image to image translation method, CycleGAN, to learn a function that wraps and improves an imperfect model for atmospheric correction. CycleGAN is a generative adversarial network, in which discriminators determine which images are real, and generators produce images to fool the discriminators. Training the discriminators and generators against each other improves the resulting translation function. We have tested this approach using Sentinel 1A data gathered around Puebla, Mexico, which was the starting point of the 2017 earthquake that devastated Mexico City. CycleGAN can generate visually compelling fringes, including small scale perturbations that are absent from the atmospheric models, while limiting noisy areas. However, it fails to capture the variations of amplitude behind the fringes, especially at large scale, and the generated interferograms remain too different from the real interferograms. Solving that amplitude issue could create practical applications for a CycleGAN type method in atmospheric correction or phase unwrapping. The large amount of InSAR data and the continuous progress of deep learning methods provide ample opportunity for improvement.
Size modulated electromagnetic properties and highly efficient microwave absorption of magnetic iron oxide ceramic opened hollow microspheres
Year: 2019

Hollow structured nanomaterials are considered as one of the most promising candidates of thin broadband absorbers due to the potential multiple scattering and resonance of electromagnetic waves. Here, magnetic iron oxide ceramics opened hollow microspheres with tunable size were fabricated based on hydrothermal route and carbothermal reduction method. The electromagnetic parameters are obviously dependent on microsphere size due to size dependent relaxation time of polarization and magnetization. The opened hollow microspheres with diameter of 500 nm achieve the 10 dB absorption bandwidth of 6.1 GHz covering 7.5 13.6 GHz at only 2 mm thickness, which is the widest bandwidth in all reported nanostructures of magnetic iron oxide composites. Moreover, the broadband absorption covering the X band at such thin thickness is competitive in all absorbing materials. Such excellent microwave absorption benefits from the outstanding impedance matching caused by the multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves in large size open hollow microspheres. This work provides a physical insight for obtaining high performance microwave absorber.
The ionic conductivity and mechanical property of electrospun P(VdF HFP)/PMMA membranes for lithium ion batteries
Year: 2009

Polymer electrolytes, based on a blend of poly(methylmethacrylate) [PMMA]/poly(vinylidene difluoride co hexafluoropropylene)[P(VdF HFP) were prepared by electrospinning at room temperature. The morphology, structure, ionic conduction and mechanical properties of the electrospun membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) FTIR spectra, X ray diffraction (XRD) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and mechanical measurements. The composites showed the ionic conduction and uptake and leakage behaviors of the electrolyte solution were improved by the addition of PMMA. Also, the mechanical property of the blend membranes was better than that of the pure P(VdF HFP) electrospun membranes.