nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
fdANOVA: an R software package for analysis of variance for univariate and multivariate functional data
Venue: Comput. Stat.
Year: 2019

Functional data, i.e. observations represented by curves or functions, frequently arise in various fields. The theory and practice of statistical methods for such data is referred to as functional data analysis (FDA) which is one of major research fields in statistics. The practical use of FDA methods is made possible thanks to availability of specialized and usually free software. In particular, a number of R packages is devoted to these methods. In the paper, we introduce a new R package fdANOVA which provides an access to a broad range of global analysis of variance methods for univariate and multivariate functional data. The implemented testing procedures mainly for homoscedastic case are briefly overviewed and illustrated by examples on a well known functional data set. To reduce the computation time, parallel implementation is developed and its efficiency is empirically evaluated. Since some of the implemented tests have not been compared in terms of size control and power yet, appropriate simulations are also conducted. Their results can help in choosing proper testing procedures in practice.
An evolving view of methane metabolism in the Archaea
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Year: 2019

Methane is a key compound in the global carbon cycle that influences both nutrient cycling and the Earth's climate. A limited number of microorganisms control the flux of biologically generated methane, including methane metabolizing archaea that either produce or consume methane. Methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota share a genetically similar, interrelated pathway for methane metabolism. The key enzyme in this pathway, the methyl coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) complex, catalyses the last step in methanogenesis and the first step in methanotrophy. The discovery of mcr and divergent mcr like genes in new euryarchaeotal lineages and novel archaeal phyla challenges long held views of the evolutionary origin of this metabolism within the Euryarchaeota. Divergent mcr like genes have recently been shown to oxidize short chain alkanes, indicating that these complexes have evolved to metabolize substrates other than methane. In this Review, we examine the diversity, metabolism and evolutionary history of mcr containing archaea in light of these recent discoveries.Methane metabolism has a central role in the global carbon cycle. In the Review, Tyson and colleagues discuss the enzymatic pathways responsible for archaeal methane metabolism and highlight the evolutionary relationships of key enzymes with recently discovered alkane oxidizing archaea.
The impact of nonlinear dynamics on the resilience of a grocery supply chain
Year: 2014

The resilience of supply chain replenishment systems is an performance important attribute and especially so in the retail sector where initiatives such as Efficient Consumer Response have led to lower inventory holding while attempting to maintain high levels of on shelf availability. A common approach to testing for resilience of such systems would be through simulation modelling, especially where batching of orders occurs, for example. However, with developments in non linear control theory, there is an opportunity to use more sophisticated analytical approaches to evaluate and improve resilience. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the value of an analytical approach with empirical testing on a replenishment system used by a grocery retailer.  An Industrial Dynamics (ID) approach is used for framing and building a credible representation of the grocery retailer's replenishment system. Initially a nonlinear causal loop and block diagram representations of the actual system were developed based on empirical data collection. Mathematical analysis of the model, based on nonlinear control engineering techniques in combination with ID simulation, have been used to understand the behaviour of stock and shipment output responses in the distribution centre given step and periodic demand signals.  Mathematical analysis through nonlinear control theory techniques has led to insights into the dynamic behaviour of the replenishment control model. This allowed the identification of specific behavioural changes in the supply chain stock and shipment responses, which are key indicators for assessing supply chain resilience, without going through a time consuming simulation process. Transfer function and describing function analyses served as guidelines for undertaking ID simulation.  The integrated method we have used combines to best advantage the knowledge generated via the twin approaches of non linear control systems engineering analysis plus ID simulation. This duality maximises insight into the resultant causal relationships output from these procedures and hence enables the engineering of the optimal design for a real world supply chain. The consequence is the development of a robust system based approach which brings together two mutually supportive components, simulation and non linear control theory, to enhance supply chain resilience. The approach is illustrated using data concomitantly with a comprehensive grocery supply chain case study.  This research is limited to the dynamics of single echelon supply chain system. Although the electronic point of sales data and the store replenishment system have been considered in the validation process, this study has focused on analysing the resilience performance of a replenishment system only. Future research will consider a multiechelon supply chain.
Management of complex head and neck basal cell carcinomas using a combined reflectance confocal microscopy/optical coherence tomography: a descriptive study
Venue: Archives of Dermatological Research
Year: 2020

Recently, a combined reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been tested for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) Evaluating the role of RCM OCT in management of complex BCCs has not been studied. The objective of the study was to investigate the utility of a new combined RCM OCT device in the evaluation and management of complex BCCs in a descriptive study.  Prospective study of consecutive cases (July 2018 June 2019) of biopsy proven 'complex' BCC defined as BCC in the head and neck area with multiple high risk criteria such as large size in the mask area, multiple recurrences, and high risk subtype. All cases were evaluated with a combined RCM OCT device that provided simultaneous image viewing on a screen. Lesions were evaluated bedside with RCM OCT according to previously described criteria.  Ten patients with complex head and neck BCCs had mean age of 73.1 13.0 years. Six (60% patients were males. Mean BCC clinical size was 1.9 1.2 cm (range 0.6 4.0 cm) RCM detected residual BCC in 8 out of 10 cases (80% and OCT detected residual BCC in all 10 cases (100% Six BCCs (60% had a depth estimate of 1000 um under OCT. In five cases, (50% RCM OCT imaging results led to a change/modification in BCC management.  The use of a combined RCM OCT device may help in the evaluation of complex head and neck BCCs by guiding treatment selection and defining the extent of surgery.
Assessing U.S. State Susceptibility to Environmental Regulatory Competition
Venue: State Politics Policy Quarterly
Year: 2009

In this article, I examine the environmental race to the bottom argument by studying whether state susceptibility to interstate economic competition helps explain which U.S. states engage in environmental regulatory competition. Specifically, I create a susceptibility index using four state economic attributes: overall growth, unemployment, manufacturing growth, and manufacturing employment. Studying state enforcement of federal environmental programs, I find little evidence that states, which are theoretically more susceptible to interstate economic competition are more likely to respond strategically to the regulatory behavior of economic competitor states. These results cast doubt on the idea that the environmental regulatory competition predicted by race to the bottom theory is mediated by intrastate economic conditions.
Semi autonomous bilateral teleoperation of six wheeled mobile robot on soft terrains
Venue: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Year: 2019

With the increasing use of multi wheeled mobile robots in various fields, a few new challenges pertaining to the design of the teleoperation system of such robots have emerged. This paper proposes a new two level architecture for haptic teleoperation of a six wheeled mobile robot (SWMR) with a rocker bogie chassis on soft terrains. In teleoperation, the linear and angular velocities of the SWMR base follow the master robot's positions. At the slave SWMR level, local compensation controllers are designed for the driving motors and the steering motors to track the desired velocities of the base and eliminate the negative influence of wheel slippage. Command tracking errors caused by wheel slippage at environment termination (ET) are conveyed to the human operator through haptic (force) feedback. By guaranteeing the passivity of ET, the stability conditions of the teleoperation system are constrained by the Llewellyn criterion. Experiments conducted using the proposed controllers demonstrated that the tracking errors in the commands sent to the slave robot are effectively compensated for, and the controllers achieve stable teleoperation with satisfactory tracking performance.
On vNF SC deployment and task scheduling for bulk data transfers in inter DC EONs
Venue: 2017 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)
Year: 2017

We study how to deploy vNF service chains (vNF SCs) and perform task scheduling for bulk data transfers in inter datacenter (inter DC) elastic optical networks (EONs) We call this type of request a data intensive vNF SC request. According to the number of required vNF SCs, the data intensive vNF SC requests are classified into linear and multi branch data intensive vNF SC requests. For linear data intensive vNF SC requests, we propose a dynamic programming based vNF SC deployment and task scheduling algorithm to minimize the average service completion time (SCT) For multi branch data intensive vNF SC requests, we propose a correlation aware vNF SC deployment and task scheduling algorithm to minimize the average SCT, since there are multiple vNF SC branches that are correlated and the SCT of a multi branch data intensive vNF SC request is determined by the SCT of the latest vNF SC branch. Simulation results verify that our algorithms can reduce the average SCTs of data intensive vNF SC requests of the two types effectively.
MONITORING POTENSI ENERGI ANGIN DAN MATAHARI DI LINGKUNGAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN APLIKASI BLYNK
Year: 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian yang berjudul "Monitoring Potensi Energi Angin dan Matahari di Lingkungan Politeknik Negeri Semarang Berbasis Android Dengan Aplikasi Blynk" adalah untuk menampilkan kecepatan dan arah angin serta intensitas matahari di lingkungan Politeknik Negeri Semarang. Monitoring potensi energi angin dan matahari ini dilakukan dengan tahapan awal merancang program mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pengolah data yang diterima dari sensor kecepatan angin, arah angin, serta sensor intensitas matahari untuk kemudian dikirim menuju server Blynk. Data yang telah terkirim pada server Blynk selanjutnya dapat diakses secara realtime pada perangkat Smart TV melalui koneksi internet. Hasil yang ditampilkan pada Smart TV berupa nilai dan grafik dari sensor kecepatan angin dan sensor intensitas matahari. Sedangkan sensor arah angin menunjukkan besarnya sudut arah angin yang dihasilkan. Adapun tingkat kesalahan yang diperoleh dari sensor kecepatan angin adalah sebesar 1,49 dengan range pengukuran kecepatan angin sebesar 2,01 m/s hingga 5,87 m/s. Sedangkan tingkat kesalahan dari sensor intensitas matahari adalah sebesar 0,526. dengan range pengukuran intensitas matahari sebesar 490 Watt/m2 hingga 837 Watt/m2
Mughal hegemony and the emergence of South Asia as a "region" for regional order building
Year: 2019

The region known as South Asia today emerged as the locus for order building only in the early modern period ~1500 1750) as a "region" of Islamicate Asia. I demonstrate this through a cognitive strategic process based on the interactions between polities and resources within and outside of South Asia. While the practices associated with the primary institutions of warfare, great power management, diplomacy, and political economy did not meaningfully differentiate South Asia from Eurasia in the pre Mughal millennium, the deep rules associated with them marked South Asia off from Islamicate Asia after the rise of the Mughals. The practices of these four primary institutions were co constituted with Mughal hegemony. Unlike recent scholarship, I show that the regional level existed before the emergence of a global scale international system. My analysis has two major theoretical implications. First, I clarify the distinction between hegemonic and imperial orders, and argue that coercive hegemony must be understood as a primary institution of an international/regional society. Since all hegemonies are not alike, I explain why some hegemonic orders are based on coercion while others mix coercion with legitimacy/acquiescence by elucidating the structural differences between Mughal and Ming/Qing hegemonies. Second, I advance the debate on balance of power versus hegemony by providing a historically grounded explanation that demonstrates why the injection of extra regional resources into early modern South Asia produced hegemony while fostering systemic balancing behavior in Europe (post 1500) My findings raise questions related to regionalization (order building) without regionalism (shared identities/threat perceptions) while showing that region (trans)formation effects order.
Students Who Study Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Postsecondary Education. Stats in Brief. NCES 2009 161.
Year: 2009

Rising concern about America's ability to maintain its competitive position in the global economy has renewed interest in STEM education. In 2005, for example, three preeminent U.S. scientific groups the National Academy of Science, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine jointly issued a report, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, that called for strengthening the STEM pipeline from primary through postsecondary education (National Academy of Science 2005) This report recommended increasing investment in STEM programs, enhancing the STEM teaching force, and enlarging the pool of students pursuing degrees and careers in STEM fields. Similar policy recommendations have come from other organizations and government agencies (Government Accountability Office 2006; National Science Board 2007; U.S. Department of Education 2006)
Functional Dehydrated Foods for Health Preservation
Year: 2018

The market of functional foods has experienced a huge growth in the last decades due to the increased consumers' awareness in a healthy lifestyle. Dried fruits constitute good snacks, in alternative to salty or sweet ones, and food ingredients due to their taste and nutritional/health benefits. Bioactive molecules are interesting sources to develop functional foods, as they play a major role in improving the health status and minimizing disease risks. The bioactive compounds most widely discussed in literature are presented in this review, for example, polyphenols, phytosterols, and prebiotics. Different technologies to dry bioproducts for producing functional foods or ingredients are presented. New drying techniques for the preservation of bioactive compounds are proposed, focusing more specifically on dielectric drying. A discussion on the techniques that can be used to optimize drying processes is performed. An overview on dehydrated plant based foods with probiotics is provided. The microorganisms used, impregnation procedures, drying methods, and evaluated parameters are presented and discussed. The principal bioactive compounds responsible for nutritional and health benefits of plant derived dried food products fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables by products, grains, nuts, and algae are presented. Phytochemical losses occurring during pretreatments and/or drying processes are also discussed.
New trends in cold chain monitoring applications A review
Year: 2018

Current global food supply chains are faced with an ever increasing variety of modern day societal challenges. As a direct result of these challenges many of these supply chains are operating in a "below ideal" state, resulting in approximately one third of the food produced for human consumption being wasted across the globe. A key contributory factor to such high waste is an inability to control/monitor temperature across global food supply networks. This is an issue that needs to be addressed both nationally and internationally to meet the complex challenges surrounding modern day food security, safety and integrity. There is no one single "one solution fits all" approach when it comes to addressing cold chain inefficiencies. Latest cold chain technologies, their respective advantages and disadvantages, applied to the industry are presented in the present work. Technological solutions including Radio Frequency (RF) technologies and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are discussed within this manuscript. Their key success metric is their strategic complementarity, give the fact WSN lacks robustness and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) lacks reading range and possess limited sensing systems. Other solutions discussed include temperature estimation methods for reducing the numbers of sensors deployed, when comparing them, Neural Networks showed better approximations than Kriging and Capacitor methods given the non linear relationship between the temperature target and the temperature source. Computational Fluid Dynamics is also presented as a commercial method to correct inefficiencies at pre cooling stages. Thermal imaging (thermal infra red camera) have proven to be a good temperature source for the Neural Network in temperature estimation. This article also focuses on and emphasizes the importance of a technological Internet of Things approach, given the fact it is key in facilitating the information exchange between items in the cold chain, RF technologies and WSN can interconnect the data and those items, and make them accessible in databases associating hardware and software. There are a number of challenges to consider when adopting any/all of the systems outlined in this manuscript. It is important to highlight however, as with all solutions there exists no single "out of the box" solution due to the fact that the composition of product, transport route, method of transport and process efficiency varies greatly across products around the globe. Each technology, in isolation, is limited in its impact and challenged in both functional capabilities and performance, however when adopted in combination these technologies offer significant value add improvement in supply chain management.
Log Anomaly Detection Using Adaptive Universal Transformer
Venue: 2019 International Conference of Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Applications (ICAICTA)
Year: 2019

This work shows deep learning log anomaly detection mechanism based on modifications of DeepLog. Instead of using LSTM as implemented on DeepLog, we use adaptive universal transformer model to allow learning long input sequences, which is difficult to do with LSTM. Our experiments show that by utilizing adaptive universal transformer in DeepLog we can train the model using arbitrarily longer sequences that result in good accuracy in detecting log anomaly.
Staying, leaving and returning: Rurality and the development of reflexivity and motility
Year: 2020

Studies of rural areas have necessarily been occupied by discussions of migration, the experience of which is often concentrated among young adults in the years immediately following the end of secondary education. This dynamic has been attributed to a mobility imperative that equates leaving rural areas for the opportunities offered by urban centres with success, and staying in rural areas with failure. This article interrogates the distinction between those who leave rural areas and those who stay, drawing on life course research that contextualises the post secondary mobility imperative within individuals' wider biographies in order to challenge claims that mobility is associated with the development of personal resources that lie outside the reach of those who are not mobile. The article presents data taken from a 20 year longitudinal panel study of individuals' post school pathways, drawing specifically on interviews conducted with participants who grew up in rural areas. By focusing on the significance of relational considerations, the authors contend that the mobility decision making process results in the development of reflexivity about one's mobility irrespective of its outcome.
Living Values education in teaching Materials to Develop students' Civic Disposition
Year: 2016

The study describes a model of living values education in teaching materials and its impact on the civic disposition of students. It employs the design of research and development in Civic Education Department, Indonesia University of Education. The model of living values education in teaching materials is an integration of the living values in the teaching materials presented in the framework of the material. It includes introduction, keyword, map of concepts, subject matter, discussion, living values, conclusions, reflection on the value application, and references. The application of the model of living values education in teaching materials significantly affects students' civic disposition.
Porous Lattice Transformer Encoder for Chinese NER
Venue: COLING
Year: 2020

Incorporating lexicons into character level Chinese NER by lattices is proven effective to exploitrich word boundary information. Previous work has extended RNNs to consume lattice inputsand achieved great success. However, due to the DAG structure and the inherently unidirectionalsequential nature, this method precludes batched computation and sufficient semantic interaction.In this paper, we propose PLTE, an extension of transformer encoder that is tailored for ChineseNER, which models all the characters and matched lexical words in parallel with batch process ing. PLTE augments self attention with positional relation representations to incorporate latticestructure. It also introduces a porous mechanism to augment localness modeling and maintainthe strength of capturing the rich long term dependencies. Experimental results show that PLTEperforms up to 11.4 times faster than state of the art methods while realizing better performance.We also demonstrate that using BERT representations further substantially boosts the performanceand brings out the best in PLTE.