nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Attack Models for Big Data Platform Hadoop
Venue: 2019 IEEE 5th Intl Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud (BigDataSecurity) IEEE Intl Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, (HPSC) and IEEE Intl Conference on Intelligent Data and Security (IDS)
Year: 2019

Hadoop is a very popular big data processing framework, however, due to its distributed and large scale characteristics, its security problems have not been solved very well. Existing research does not systematically analyze attacks in big data platforms. This paper proposes four innovative hadoop attack models. Through adjusting heartbeat time, tampering intermediate data, blocking network, attackers prolong the execution time of jobs, and damage the correctness of job result. We implemented these attacks in hadoop and evaluate the effects of them through experiments. The experimental results show that our attacks are effective and harmful.
A generalized type 2 fuzzy logic approach for dynamic parameter adaptation in bee colony optimization applied to fuzzy controller design
Venue: Inf. Sci.
Year: 2018

In this work a Generalized type 2 Fuzzy Logic System (GT2FLS) approach for dynamic parameter adaptation in metaheuristics and for optimal fuzzy controller design is presented. In these two cases, the efficiency of the GT2FLS approach is verified with simulation results. In the first case, the GT2FLS provides an approach to dynamically find the optimal values of the heuristic parameters that are a critical part of the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) algorithm performance. In the second case, the GT2FLS approach provides the basis for building a Generalized type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (GT2FLC) which can be optimized with the traditional BCO, specifically to find the optimal design of the Membership Functions (MFs) in the Fuzzy Controller. In both cases, the GT2FLS approach shows advantages in the optimization of the solutions to the problems. For both cases, we can considered them as hybrid systems combining GT2FLS and BCO although the combination is made in a different way, and it can be noted that a GT2FLS presents better stability in the minimization of the errors when applied to benchmark control problems. Simulation results illustrate that the implementation of the Generalized type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (GT2FLC) approach improves its performance when using the BCO algorithm and the stability of the fuzzy controller is better when compared with respect to a type 1 Fuzzy Logic Controller (T1FLC) and an Interval type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2FLC)
Biochemical characterization of bacteria isolated from different wound samples
Year: 2020

This study was conducted with an aim to isolate and characterize the bacteria from different wound samples obtained from a local Hospital at Jalandhar, India. The samples were transported to the Microbiology Laboratory, D.A.V University, Jalandhar from the hospital as soon as they were obtained. The microorganisms isolated from these samples were cultured using different media such as Nutrient agar (NA) MacConkey agar (MAC) Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) and Mannitol salt agar (MSA) The spread plate and streaking techniques were used for obtaining pure cultures. The bacteria were morphologically identified by their colour, colony appearance, and gram's staining technique. A total of 13 morphotypes were isolated from five different types of wound samples. The results showed the maximum number of morphotypes obtained were gram positive. The bacteria were further characterized using different biochemical tests. This study concludes that all types of the wound have different bacterial fauna which may be pathogenic and pose a serious health risk if not taken care of.
An Analog CMOS Silicon Photomultiplier Using Perimeter Gated Single Photon Avalanche Diodes
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
Year: 2018

Perimeter gated single photon avalanche diodes (PGSPADs) have been shown to mitigate premature edge breakdown without unduly increasing the area of the device. PGSPADs are three terminal devices. In this paper, we develop a probability based SPICE model for the PGSPAD and fully characterize an <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$18 \times 18$ /tex math>/inline formula> pixel analog PGSPAD based CMOS silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) The noise model is derived using theories of carrier thermal generation, carrier diffusion, and inter band tunneling. Parameters are derived using fabricated PGSPAD devices and model validity is verified with experimental measurements. The designed PGSPAD SiPM is implemented in standard <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$0.5~\mu \text{m} /tex math>/inline formula> 2 poly, 3 metal CMOS process, and is characterized for dark current, sensitivity, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) throughout the visible spectral range for varying bias voltages. Models show that the reduction of dark events in the PGPSAD is primarily caused by a reduction in band to band tunneling. Thus, as a function of the applied gate voltage the PGPSAD shows an improvement of SNR over a range of 1 to 1150. The sensitivity of the presented SiPM is <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$1.06 \times 10^{3} /tex math>/inline formula> A/W/cm<sup>2</sup> The designed PGSPAD SiPM shows great promise over standard SiPM for applications, such as neutron detection which requires high sensitivities and high SNRs.
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN TEKNIK BIRTH BALL TERHADAP KEMAJUAN PERSALINAN
Year: 2020

Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) year 2014 noted that 42.96% of prolonged labor was the main cause of maternal and perinatal death followed by bleeding 35.26% and eclampsia 16.44. Other efforts to prevent prolonged labor are the use of birth ball techniques that support labor so that it can run physiologically. It is also one of the most helpful methods of responding to pain in an active way and reducing the duration of labor in the active phase. This type of research used in this study was a pre experimental study using a static group comparison research design, with purposive sampling technique where sampling is based on the consideration of the researcher himself. The sample used was 30 inpartum mothers. Analysis of bivariate data using Mann Withney. The results obtained p value 0.0000 <0.05, which means that there is a significant effect of the implementation of the birth ball technique on the progress of labor. The average progress of labor for a birth ball performed and not performed was different in that the status of the birth ball was carried out 224.3 minutes faster than that for a non performed birth ball.
Reduction of marker body matching work in activity recognition using motion capture
Venue: UbiComp/ISWC Adjunct
Year: 2019

In this paper, activity recognition is performed using an optical motion capture system that can measure three dimensional position information of reflective markers attached to the body. The individual markers detected by motion capture are automatically associated with which part of the body they are attached to. However, due to the overlapping of obstacles and other body parts and misplacement of the markers, these may be hidden from the camera and enter a blind spot, which may frequently cause a marker to be associated to different body parts erroneously. Usually, these errors need to be corrected manually after measurement, but this work is very time consuming, cumbersome and requires some skill. In this research, it is thought that there is no problem in recognizing the activity even if the process of spending the effort of correcting the correspondence between the marker after measurement and the body is omitted in the activity recognition using the motion capture. Because feature quantities are extracted from activity data when performing action recognition, even if an error occurs in part of the marker data, the effect is small because the correct feature quantities are selected and other marker data can compensate for an error. In addition, in this paper, we proposed a method to recognize the activity using the data when the human body template preparation required before Mocap data measurement is omitted, which is one of marker body matching work. The verification showed that even if the marker body matching operation was omitted, it was possible to recognize the action with high accuracy.
Goal Impact: A Goal Systems Domain General Prediction Tool, Applied to Voluntary Job Turnover
Year: 2014

We introduce a domain general decision making measure, based on field theory and goal systems, for use in examining real life decisions. We examine intentions to quit one's job; participants considered the impact on important life goals of staying at or leaving their job. First, they indicated the importance of goals from a comprehensive taxonomy. Second, they indicated how much staying in their job and leaving would facilitate or inhibit each goal (congruence ratings) Goal Impact, computed by multiplying each goal's importance by its congruence, predicted 39% of the variance in job intentions. Theory and applications to domains such as health and relationships are reviewed.
Compact, robust, and repetition rate locked all polarization maintaining femtosecond fiber laser system
Venue: Optical Engineering
Year: 2019

We demonstrate a 200 MHz all polarization maintaining, repetition rate locked femtosecond fiber laser system with a total electrical power consumption of 11 W. The center wavelength, spectral width, pulse width, and average output power of the laser are 1558.8 nm, 34 nm, 139 fs, and 77.6 mW, respectively. The proposed laser system that integrates all optical components and locking electronics has a volume less than 1.5 L, a mass of 1.3 kg, and a fast locking time of 3 s (from the free running state to the repetition rate locked state) Using a hydrogen maser as the frequency reference, after locking, the Allan deviation is 2.8 mHz at a gate time of 1 s. Further, we place the repetition rate locked fiber laser system on a homemade shaker table with peak and rms accelerations of 1.97 and 0.7 g, respectively; the experimental results show that the locking state can be maintained robustly with Allan deviation of 2.0 mHz. The highly integrated, robust fiber laser system has potential applications in the areas of ultralow noise microwave generation and high precision distance measurement in outdoor environments.
Lower Limb Strength in Sports Active Transtibial Amputees
Venue: Prosthetics and orthotics international
Year: 2009

The aim of this study was to compare hip strength in sports active transtibial (TT) amputees, sedentary TT amputees and sports active non amputees. Three 'active' (exercising recreationally at least three times per week) TT amputees, four 'inactive' or sedentary TT amputees and nine 'active' able bodied persons (AB) underwent concentric and eccentric hip flexion and extension strength testing on both limbs on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60 and 120deg/s. Little strength asymmetry was noted between the limbs of the active TT amputees (8% and 14% at 60 and 120deg/s, respectively) their residual limb being slightly stronger. Inactive TT amputees demonstrated up to 49% strength asymmetry, their intact limb being the stronger. Active TT amputees demonstrated greater peak hip torques (Nm/kg) for all conditions and speeds compared to inactive TT amputees. Peak hip torques (Nm/kg) were greater in the active TT amputees' residual limb compared to AB. While inactive TT amputees and AB had similar flexion/extension ratios, active TT amputees exhibited a lower ratio indicating overdeveloped hip extensors with respect to their hip flexors. It is not known whether this is due to the demands of sport or exercise with a prosthetic limb, or remaining residual thigh atrophy.
Hemiparasitic plants increase alpine plant richness and evenness but reduce arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in dominant plant species
Venue: PeerJ
Year: 2018

Hemiparasitic plants increase plant biodiversity by reducing the abundance of dominant plant species, allowing for the establishment of subordinate species. Hemiparasites reduce host resources by directly removing nutrients from hosts, competing for light and space, and may indirectly reduce host resources by disrupting plant associations with symbiotic root fungi, like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Here, we explored how a generalist hemiparasite, Castilleja, influences plant richness, evenness, community composition, and mycorrhizal colonization patterns across a ~1,000 m elevational gradient in the North American Rocky Mountains. We hypothesized that the presence of Castilleja would be associated with increased plant richness and evenness, shaping plant community composition, and would reduce mycorrhizal colonization within dominant plant taxa. However, the magnitude of the effects would be contingent upon climate contexts, that is, elevation. Overall, we found that the presence of Castilleja was associated with an 11% increase in plant richness and a 5% increase in plant evenness, regardless of elevation. However, we found that the presence of Castilleja influenced plant composition at only two of the five sites and at the remaining three of five sites, plot pairing was the only predictor that influenced composition. Additionally, we found that the presence of Castilleja reduced mycorrhizal fungal colonization within dominant plant species by ~20% regardless of elevation. Taken together, our results suggest that hemiparasites regulate plant diversity, evenness, and interactions with mycorrhizal fungi independent of abiotic and biotic contexts occurring at the site, although overall effect on community composition is likely driven by site level factors.
(Not) My Green City? Green Spaces in Times of Urbanization
Year: 2020

Starting from joint discussions at the 8th Nordic Geographers' Meeting on "Sustainable Geography Geographies of Sustainability"1, this special issue adds to the debate on green spaces in times of urbanization as pinpointed in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) By setting the provision of "safe, inclusive and accessible green and public space" as one objective, SDG 11 "sustainable cities and communities" points to the crucial role of green areas for environmental and socio spatial justice in cities working towards sustainability (UN.org 2020) Against the backdrop of an accelerating global urbanization, with the percentage of people living in cities expected to rise to 70% by 2050 (UN.org 2018) nature based solutions to ecological, climatic and social challenges have become ever more important globally and locally. Post modernist urban planning principles oscillating around the "human scale" (Gehl 2010) in particular guide our attention to the benefits of green spaces for the city environment, the creation of social ties and as enablers of public health. At the same time, despite these widely known benefits (e.g. WHO 2016) and the trend in self portrayal as "sustainable" or "green cities" (Berglund and Julier 2020; Davidson 2010; Lindholst et al. 2016; Wolch et al. 2010) urban green spaces are under threat: heavy densification in city centres, which often puts housing and green space provision in competition with one another (Benjamin 2020; Schmelzkopf 2002) urban sprawl at the cost of surrounding green spaces (Sharma Wallace 2016) and neoliberal urbanism fuelling real estate development, green space privatization and commercialization (Smith 2018) as well as the problem of "green gentrification" (Rigolon and Nemeth 2018; Votsi 2017) to name only a few. As a result, green space provision at high quality and usability is often not only insufficient but its accessibility is also very unevenly spread among different districts and urban residential groups (Rigolon 2016; De Silva Sousa 2018) Considering the tension between green space benefits and the limited and unequal access, it is crucial to develop a deeper understanding of the contemporary usage practices and planning principles of urban green spaces. Who uses urban green spaces for what purposes, and even more importantly, who does not (Boyd et al. 2018; Hitchings 2013)
Push switch detection method anc circuit for earphone/microphone assembly
Year: 2007

Yi Chong Yi Dong Dian Hua Nei De Ji Cheng Dian Lu ,Ju You Shui Mian Mo Shi He Huan Xing Mo Shi Zai Huan Xing Mo Shi Xia ,Diao Ya Qi Xiang MIC BIASDuan Zi Ti Gong Diao Jie Hou De Dian Ya Gai Dian Ya Pian Zhi Ou He Dao Gai Yi Dong Dian Hua De Er Ji /Mai Ke Feng Pei Jian De Mai Ke Feng Ru Guo Yong Hu An Xia Gai Zu Jian Shang De Kai Guan ,Ze Jiao Da De Dian Liu Cong Gai MIC BIASDuan Zi Liu Chu Gai Kai Guan An Ya Zhuang Kuang You Gai Ji Cheng Dian Lu Nei De ADCJian Ce Zai Shui Mian Mo Shi Xia ,Diao Jie Qi He ADCBei Jin Zhi Yi Jie Sheng Dian Li Yi Chong Xin Ying De Kai Guan Jian Ce Dian Lu Zai Wei Diao Jie De Dian Ya Chu Ti Gong Cong MIC BIASDuan Zi Liu Chu De Dian Liu Ru Guo Yong Hu An Xia Kai Guan ,Ze Cong Gai MIC BIASDuan Zi Ti Gong De Dian Liu Zeng Jia Tong Guo Gai Kai Guan Jian Ce Dian Lu Zhong De Te Ding Fan Xiang Qi Lai Jian Ce Sui Zhao Wen Du Dian Ya He Chu Li Tiao Jian De Kai Guan An Ya Zhuang Kuang
Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Year: 2016

Chemical analyses of the environment can document contamination by various xenobiotics, but it is also important to understand the effect of pollutants on living organisms. Thus, in the present work, we investigated the effect of the pesticide imidacloprid on the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S transferase (GST) from Folsomia candida (Collembola) a standard test organism for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on non target soil arthropods. Test animals were treated with different concentrations of imidacloprid for 48 h. Changes in steady state levels of GST messenger RNA (mRNA) and GST enzyme activity were investigated. Extracted proteins were separated according to their sizes by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the resolved protein bands were detected by silver staining. The size of the glutathione (GSH) pool in Collembola was also determined. A predicted protein sequence of putative GSTs was identified with animals from control group. A 3 fold up regulation of GST steady state mRNA levels was detected in the samples treated with 5.0 mg L 1 imidacloprid compared to the control, while a 2.5 and 2.0 fold up regulation was found in organisms treated with 2.5 and 7.5 mg L 1 imidacloprid, respectively. GST activity increased with increasing imidacloprid amounts from an initial activity of 0.11 mmol min 1 mg 1 protein in the control group up to 0.25 mmol min 1 mg 1 protein in the sample treated with the 5.0 mg L 1 of pesticide. By contrast, the total amount of GSH decreased with increasing imidacloprid concentration. The results suggest that the alteration of GST activity, steady state level of GST mRNA, and GSH level may be involved in the response of F. candida to the exposure of imidacloprid and can be used as biomarkers to monitor the toxic effects of imidacloprid and other environmental pollutants on Collembola.
Grey Wolf Optimizer
Venue: Adv. Eng. Softw.
Year: 2014

This work proposes a new meta heuristic called Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) inspired by grey wolves (Canis lupus) The GWO algorithm mimics the leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of grey wolves in nature. Four types of grey wolves such as alpha, beta, delta, and omega are employed for simulating the leadership hierarchy. In addition, the three main steps of hunting, searching for prey, encircling prey, and attacking prey, are implemented. The algorithm is then benchmarked on 29 well known test functions, and the results are verified by a comparative study with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) Differential Evolution (DE) Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Evolution Strategy (ES) The results show that the GWO algorithm is able to provide very competitive results compared to these well known meta heuristics. The paper also considers solving three classical engineering design problems (tension/compression spring, welded beam, and pressure vessel designs) and presents a real application of the proposed method in the field of optical engineering. The results of the classical engineering design problems and real application prove that the proposed algorithm is applicable to challenging problems with unknown search spaces.
Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient
Venue: Nature Communications
Year: 2019

Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species. It is unclear whether species' responses to climate change tend to be adaptive or sufficient to keep up with climate change. Here, Radchuk et al. perform a meta analysis showing that in birds phenology has advanced adaptively in some species, though not all the way to the new optima.
Extending our understanding of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and positive emotion dysregulation: A network analysis approach.
Venue: Journal of anxiety disorders
Year: 2020

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has empirically established associations with positive emotion dysregulation. Extending existing research, we utilized a network approach to examine relations between PTSD symptom clusters (intrusions, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood [NACM] alterations in arousal and reactivity [AAR] and positive emotion dysregulation dimensions (nonacceptance, impulse control, goal directed behavior) We identified (1) differential relations of PTSD symptom clusters with positive emotion dysregulation, and (2) central symptoms accounting for the PTSD and positive emotion dysregulation inter group interconnections. Participants were 371 trauma exposed community individuals (Mage 43.68; 70.9 females; 34.5 white) We estimated a regularized Gaussian Graphic Model comprising four nodes representing the PTSD symptom clusters and three nodes representing positive emotion dysregulation dimensions. Study results indicated the key role of AAR and intrusions clusters in the PTSD group and impulse control difficulties in the positive emotion dysregulation group. Regarding cross group connectivity patterns, findings indicate the pivotal role of (1) AAR in its link with positive emotion dysregulation dimensions, and (2) nonacceptance of positive emotions and impairment in goal directed behavior in the context of positive emotions in their link to PTSD symptom clusters. Thus, the current study indicates the potentially central role of particular PTSD symptom clusters and positive emotion dysregulation dimensions, informing assessment and treatment targets.