nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
mRNA based therapeutics developing a new class of drugs
Venue: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Year: 2014

In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has recently come into focus as a potential new drug class to deliver genetic information. Such synthetic mRNA can be engineered to transiently express proteins by structurally resembling natural mRNA. Advances in addressing the inherent challenges of this drug class, particularly related to controlling the translational efficacy and immunogenicity of the IVTmRNA, provide the basis for a broad range of potential applications. mRNA based cancer immunotherapies and infectious disease vaccines have entered clinical development. Meanwhile, emerging novel approaches include in vivo delivery of IVT mRNA to replace or supplement proteins, IVT mRNA based generation of pluripotent stem cells and genome engineering using IVT mRNA encoded designer nucleases. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of mRNA based drug technologies and their applications, and discusses the key challenges and opportunities in developing these into a new class of drugs.
Food insecurity in relation to obesity in peri urban Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for diet related non communicable disease
Venue: Appetite
Year: 2019

In urban informal areas of South Africa, obesity and hunger represent two sides of food insecurity. Despite this, public health and clinical obesity interventions focus on nutrition education, implying dietary choice and thereby overlooking food insecurity. The objective of this paper is to explore peri urban residents' perspectives of changing food environments, framed by the Food Aid Organization (FAO) definition of food security and demonstrating the interconnectedness of dimensions of food security. We conducted three part in depth interviews with 21 participants and nine focus group discussions with a total of 57 participants, consisting primarily of women aged 20 84, in a peri urban township and informal settlement outside of Cape Town, South Africa. Participants' encounters in clinical settings framed choice as a driver of diet related non communicable disease (NCD) Yet participants lacked economic access to food, particularly at the end of the month. Diets consisted of fewer green leafy vegetables relative to their diets in rural areas, despite affirming a preference for these foods. They described consuming more meat, which was also perceived as unhealthy. Based on self report, residents within this peri urban area of South Africa were food insecure: they lacked access to food at specific times of the month, they were unable to consume foods they preferred, and they felt that their diets were neither nutritious nor enabled an active and healthy life. When viewed in terms of multiple facets of food security, participants' concurrent experiences of hunger and obesity were unsurprising. Health interventions related to diet should incorporate an understanding of food security as shaped by the interactions of access, availability, utilization and stability.
Requirement for knowledge management: business driving information technology
Venue: J. Knowl. Manag.
Year: 2008

The paper aims to provide a roadmap for organizations to implement a knowledge management system that reduces loss of critical information and improves data retrieval. The focus is on how to devise and implement a knowledge management system where information is sorted by definition, business requirements, and implementation. The paper provides information for defining information sources and simplifying data retrieval. It recognizes the need to collect and retain corporate information through cooperation of knowledge workers. Centralized storage and retrieval of information is critical to knowledge management. This paper provides insight and help in eliminating loss of corporate knowledge when skilled workers leave or retire.
Behind the Intents: An In depth Empirical Study on Software Refactoring in Modern Code Review
Venue: MSR
Year: 2020

Code refactorings are of pivotal importance in modern code review. Developers may preserve, revisit, add or undo refactorings through changes' revisions. Their goal is to certify that the driving intent of a code change is properly achieved. Developers' intents behind refactorings may vary from pure structural improvement to facilitating feature additions and bug fixes. However, there is little understanding of the refactoring practices performed by developers during the code review process. It is also unclear whether the developers' intents influence the selection, composition, and evolution of refactorings during the review of a code change. Through mining 1,780 reviewed code changes from 6 systems pertaining to two large open source communities, we report the first in depth empirical study on software refactoring during code review. We inspected and classified the developers' intents behind each code change into 7 distinct categories. By analyzing data generated during the complete reviewing process, we observe: (i) how refactorings are selected, composed and evolved throughout each code change, and (ii) how developers' intents are related to these decisions. For instance, our analysis shows developers regularly apply non trivial sequences of refactorings that crosscut multiple code elements (i.e. widely scattered in the program) to support a single feature addition. Moreover, we observed that new developers' intents commonly emerge during the code review process, influencing how developers select and compose their refactorings to achieve the new and adapted goals. Finally, we provide an enriched dataset that allows researchers to investigate the context and motivations behind refactoring operations during the code review process.
Comparison of the effects of resveratrol and its derivative pterostilbene on hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in piglets challenged with diquat.
Venue: Food function
Year: 2020

This study investigated the potential of resveratrol (RSV) and its derivative pterostilbene (PT) to prevent diquat (DQ) induced hepatic oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in piglets. Seventy two weanling piglets were randomly divided into the following treatment groups: non challenged control group, DQ challenged control group, and DQ challenged groups supplemented with either 300 mg RSV per kg of diet or an equivalent amount of PT. Each treatment group consisted of six replicates with three piglets per replicate (n 6) After a two week feeding trial, piglets were intraperitoneally injected with either 10 mg DQ per kg of body weight or sterile saline. At 24 hours post injection, one piglet from each replicate (six piglets per treatment) was randomly selected for sample collection and biochemical analysis. Compared with the DQ challenged control group, PT attenuated the growth loss of piglets after the DQ challenge (P 0.05) Administration of PT was more effective than its parent compound in inhibiting the DQ induced hepatic apoptosis and the increased generation of total cholesterol, superoxide anion, and lipid peroxidation products (P 0.05) Specifically, PT facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 signals and the expression and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase, while it also prevented mitochondrial swelling, membrane potential collapse, and adenosine triphosphate depletion, possibly through the activation of sirtuin 1 (P 0.05) These results indicate that PT may be superior to RSV as an antioxidant to protect the liver of young piglets from oxidative insults.
Kebangkitan Ekonomi Islam dalam Ubah Suai di Pasar Global
Year: 2018

Pasar global merupakan pintu lebar bagi para produsen melakuakan transaksi perdagangan barang maupun jasa. Persaingan muncul sangat pesat dan para produsen menerapkan starategi pemasaran untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih besar. Ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis sampai sekarang masih tetap menguasai ekonomi dunia. Dari dominasi kedua sistem tersebut dan didukung kondisi ekonomi dan persaingan global yang mudah ditemukan, juga pembangunan masyarakat yang berorientasi pada materi, berdampak pada minimnya perhatian dan kemauan untuk memahami dan menerapkan sistem ekonomi lain yang lebih adil, manusiawi, berorientasi pada kinerja dan dibangun atas landasan akidah, yaitu ekonomi Islam. Terlebih pada era globalisasi saat ini yang merupakan sarana terbaik bagi seluruh umat Islam sebagai upaya untuk memperkenalkan budaya dan ajaran Islam keseluruh penjuru dunia. Dengan adanya pasar global maka tidak akan ada lagi hal hal yang mengikat justru Sali terkait dan batas batas negara seolah menjadi hilang dalam bidang perekonomian terutama perdagangan. Pasar global telah membuat fluktuasi perkembangan perekonomian yang sangat pesat dan kebangkitan ekonomi Islam harus menjadi poros geakan yang berkesinambungan dan memberi manfaat secara simbiosis mutualisme bagi semua pihak yang terlibat dalam perekonomian.
optimising Public Bus Transit Networks Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Venue: 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)
Year: 2020

Public Transportation Buses are an integral part of our cities, which relies heavily on optimal planning of routes. The quality of the routes directly influences the quality of service provided to passengers, in terms of coverage, directness, and in vehicle travel time. In addition, it affects the profitability of the transportation system, since the network structure directly influences the operational costs. We propose a system which automates the planning of bus networks based on given demand. The system implements a paradigm, Deep Reinforcement Learning, which has not been used in past literature before for solving the well documented multi objective Transit Network Design and Frequency Setting Problem (TNDFSP) The problem involves finding a set of routes in an urban area, each with its own bus frequency. It is considered an NP Hard combinatorial problem with a massive search space. Compared to state of the art paradigms, our system produced very competitive results, outperforming state of the art solutions.
From implicit semantics towards ontologies practical considerations from the INTER IoT perspective
Venue: 2017 14th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC)
Year: 2017

From the general SOA architectural pattern, through distributed computing based on Grids and Clouds, to the Internet of Things, the idea of collaboration between software entities, independent from their vendors and technologies, attracts much attention. This brings about a question: how to achieve interoperability among multiple (existing and upcoming) platforms/systems/applications. The context for the presented research is provided by the INTER IoT project, which deals with different aspects of interoperability in the Internet of Things (IoT) It aims at the design and implementation of an open framework and associated methodology to provide interoperability among heterogeneous IoT platforms, across a software stack (devices, network, middleware, application services, data and semantics) We focus on the data and semantics layer. Specifically, the role of ontologies and semantic data processing, as means of achieving interoperability. However, since the vision of the Semantic Web remains mostly unfulfilled, semantics remains implicitly "hidden" data and in exchanged messages. Therefore, we are particularly interested in establishing what methods and tools exist to create OWL ontologies from implicitly expressed semantics. We focus on popular data formats i.e. XML, JSON, RDF, Relational Databases and NoSQL Databases.
Flow Separation At the Initial Stage of Oblique Water Impact of Wedge Shaped Bodies
Year: 2009

The initial parameters corresponding to flow separation from the wedge vertex during the initial stage of the impact of a wedge on a liquid halfspace are studied. The liquid is assumed to be ideal and incompressible; gravity and surface tension effects are ignored. The analytical solution of the problem is found in terms complex variables by constructing the flow potential in a parameter region. The expression for the flow potential is obtained using generalized integral formulae for solving mixed and uniform boundary value problems for the first quadrant. It includes two unknown functions, which are the velocity magnitude and angle to the free surface determined from the dynamic and kinematic boundary conditions. The analysis of the computations revealed the limit combination of the initial parameters at which the pressure along the whole length of one side of the wedge becomes less than the atmospheric pressure. Such a pressure distribution results in the ventilation of the wedge side, which starts from the contact point on the free surface and extends suddenly along the whole length of the wedge side, thus leading to flow separation from the wedge vertex.
IFN alpha receptor deficiency enhances host resistance to oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection during murine pregnancy
Venue: American journal of reproductive immunology
Year: 2021

Maternal tolerance during pregnancy increases the risk of infection with certain intracellular pathogens. Systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) infection during pregnancy in normally resistant 129X1/SvJ mice leads to severe placental infection, as well as fetal and maternal deaths. However, the effect of oral infection with S.Tm in pregnant mice and the roles of infection induced inflammation and cell death pathways in contributing to susceptibility to infection are unclear.
Smart phones, bad calls? The influence of consumer mobile phone use, distraction, and phone dependence on adherence to shopping plans
Venue: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
Year: 2019

As mobile phones continue to rapidly expand around the world, marketers are seeking to better understand the impact these devices have on consumer outcomes. One common but understudied area is how mobile phones may influence in store behaviors. Although prior research has investigated the many shopping related activities consumers undertake on their phones, it is still estimated that nearly half of all in store mobile phone use is unrelated to the shopping task. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of shopping unrelated mobile phone use, a frequent but understudied phenomenon, on consumers' ability to accurately manage in store shopping plans. Using both field and experimental data, we demonstrate that shopping unrelated mobile phone use negatively affects consumers' ability to accurately carry out in store shopping plans and is associated with an increase in unplanned purchasing. Furthermore, we find that consumers who are highly dependent upon mobile phones tend to be the most at risk of deviating from a shopping plan while engaging in shopping unrelated mobile phone use.
Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Pathological Programming.
Year: 2017

Onset or development of glucose intolerance during the period of gestation is termed as gestational diabetes mellitus. Maternal obesity along with GDM is found associated with development of adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes.  Researches with a focus on maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus were included in this study.  Elevated state of maternal body mass index is found to raise the inflammatory condition in GDM, which may play role in impacting downstream metabolic processes giving rise to manifestation of glucose dysregulation and condition of insulin resistance. Obesity in gestation, is related to the alterations in metabolic status comprising dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired endothelial functioning, and increased blood pressure.  Previous studies have provided findings associating the risk of GDM development with the state of BMI, which emphasizes the need to explore mechanisms governing obesity mediated GDM development and related maternal and fetal health complications during gestation. In view of existing literature, weight management and engagement in physical activities should be encouraged among women during and after the period of gestation.
K ras mutation detection using a novel amplification refractory mutation system based quantitative polymerase chain reaction with locked nucleic acid blocker in plasma among colorectal cancer patients
Year: 2017

To determine whether plasma circullating cell free DNA (cfDNA) is a viable alternative approach for K ras mutation testing in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.  The study included 155 CRC patients. An a novel amplification refractory mutation system based quantitative polymerase chain reaction with locked nucleic acid (LNA ARMS PCR) was developed to assess the K ras mutation in preoperative plasma and paired tumor tissues. Firstly intra tumoral heterogeneity analysis was used to determine whether it was a robust mutation detection method for the detection of low abundance K ras mutations.  The newly built LNA ARMS PCR was a robust mutation detection method to escape the most false negative caused by intra tumoral heterogeneity. The positive consensus rate and negative consensus rate was 35.3% and 100.0% between plasma and tumor tissue K ras mutation detection, respectively. The majority of K ras mutations detected in tumors were also found in plasma(15/18 (83.3% in patients of stage IV. The accordance of plasma and tumor mutation are strongly correlated to TNM stage and cfDNA level.  K ras analysis in plasma cfDNA is only a viable alternative to tissue analysis in mCRC (stage IV) Quantitative levels of cfDNA and plasma mutation positivity are strongly correlated.  Colorectal cancer; K ras; Locked nucleic acid; Amplification refractory mutation system
Offensive realism, thucydides traps, and the tragedy of unforced errors: classical realism and US China relations
Venue: China International Strategy Review
Year: 2019

The emergence of China as a great power, and its implications for International Relations, especially with regard its relations with the United States and the prospects for conflict between the two powers, is one of the most pressing problems in world politics. Unfortunately, two of the most prominent contributions, which have gained widespread attention and popularity Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides's Trap? by Graham Allison, and John Mearsheimer's The Tragedy of Great Power Politics are fundamentally flawed in their analytical approach and dangerous in their policy advice. In this paper I will review the problematic aspects of these influential arguments, and argue that a perspective grounded in classical realism, more closely associated with the work of Robert Gilpin, offers a more productive approach to understanding this enormous challenge.
Microservice transition and its granularity problem: A systematic mapping study
Venue: Softw. Pract. Exp.
Year: 2020

Microservices have gained wide recognition and acceptance in software industries as an emerging architectural style for autonomic, scalable, and more reliable computing. The transition to microservices has been highly motivated by the need for better alignment of technical design decisions with improving value potentials of architectures. Despite microservices' popularity, research still lacks disciplined understanding of transition and consensus on the principles and activities underlying that transition. In this paper, we report on a systematic mapping study that consolidates various views, approaches and activities that commonly assist in the transition to microservices. The study aims to provide a better understanding of the transition; it also contributes a working definition of the transition and technical activities underlying it. We term the transition and technical activities leading to microservice architectures as microservitization. We then shed light on a fundamental problem of microservitization: microservice granularity and reasoning about its adaptation as first class entities. This study reviews state of the art and practice related to reasoning about microservice granularity; it reviews modeling approaches, aspects considered, guidelines and processes used to reason about microservice granularity. This study identifies opportunities for future research and development related to reasoning about microservice granularity.
Risk vs. Restriction: The Tension between Providing a Sense of Normalcy and Keeping Foster Teens Safe Online
Venue: CHI
Year: 2019

Foster youth are particularly vulnerable to offline risks; yet, little is known about their online risk experiences or how foster parents mediate technology use in the home. We conducted 29 interviews with foster parents of 42 teens (ages 13 17) who were part of the child welfare system. Foster parents faced significant challenges relating to technology mediation in the home. Based on parental accounts, over half of the foster teens encountered high risk situations that involved interacting with unsafe people online, resulting in rape, sex trafficking, and/or psychological harm. Overall, foster parents were at a loss for how to balance online safety with technology access in a way that engendered positive relationships with their foster teens. Instead, parents often resorted to outright restriction. Our research highlights the importance of considering the unique needs of foster families and designing technologies to address the challenges faced by this vulnerable population of teens and parents.
Validation of the saniTracers Sanitation Verification Method from Stainless Steel Environmental Surfaces: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 032001.
Venue: Journal of AOAC International
Year: 2020

Effective sanitation of equipment is critical in an integrated food safety system. Existing sanitation verification methods have significant shortcomings that decrease their effectiveness and create an opportunity for novel approaches. This study is intended to validate abiotic bacterial surrogates (saniTracers(tm) for the rapid verification of solid surface sanitation processes. AOAC validation studies included a pure analyte LOD, matrix studies, inhibition, selectivity, product consistency and stability, instrument variation, and robustness. Stainless steel coupons (4 x 4" pure or diluted analyte, and Chai qPCR systems were used for those studies. The saniTracers were quantified by qPCR. Average DCt values for all matrixes at 50 and 250 ppm sodium hypochlorite sanitation show 3.23 and 11.95, respectively. saniTracers behave similarly in the presence of all matrixes. saniTracers were not inhibited at significant concentrations by any of the sanitizers used. No discrepant results were observed with the robustness study. Lot to lot/stability testing demonstrated no differences between the three lots of tests analyzed. saniTracers demonstrated high repeatability and minimal interference from matrix, disinfectant, or microorganisms. The microbial selectivity study indicated a correlation between the removal of pathogens and change in Ct value for saniTracers, following the disinfection process. An average log(cfu) reduction of 4.00 was observed for the three pathogens evaluated, correlating to an average 10.65 Ct change in saniTracers, indicating a correlation in the removal of an average of 0.38 log(cfu) of pathogens per one saniTracer Ct change, following the disinfection process.