nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Swag: A Wrapper Method for Sparse Learning
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Predictive power has always been the main research focus of learning algorithms. While the general approach for these algorithms is to consider all possible attributes in a dataset to best predict the response of interest, an important branch of research is focused on sparse learning. Indeed, in many practical settings we believe that only an extremely small combination of different attributes affect the response. However even sparse learning methods can still preserve a high number of attributes in high dimensional settings and possibly deliver inconsistent prediction performance. The latter methods can also be hard to interpret for researchers and practitioners, a problem which is even more relevant for the `black box' type mechanisms of many learning approaches. Finally, there is often a problem of replicability since not all data collection procedures measure (or observe) the same attributes and therefore cannot make use of proposed learners for testing purposes. To address all the previous issues, we propose to study a procedure that combines screening and wrapper methods and aims to find a library of extremely low dimensional attribute combinations (with consequent low data collection and storage costs) in order to (i) match or improve the predictive performance of any particular learning method which uses all attributes as an input (including sparse learners) (ii) provide a low dimensional network of attributes easily interpretable by researchers and practitioners; and (iii) increase the potential replicability of results due to a diversity of attribute combinations defining strong learners with equivalent predictive power. We call this algorithm `Sparse Wrapper AlGorithm' (SWAG)
Emerging Dimensions of Trade, Business and Industry and North East Part of India: an Overview COMMERCE
Year: 2015

Financial globalization and its aftermath have been marked by a surge in international capital flows among the industrial and developing countries. In line with the growing trade flows, the investment coming towards the emerging and transitional economies has also been on the climb in the recent period. Global Emerging Markets are now becoming strong player in shaping the investment destination and influencing the global business environment. Emerging markets now became preferred investment destination, once attractive for their natural resources or as a spring of discounted labour and economical manufacturing. Growing population, rising and balanced economic growth are making many companies look at emerging markets in a new fangled line of attack. Emerging trend in Indian business environment continued to arise following some key forces like, globalisation and financial integration, rapid industrialisation, technology fusion, changing demographics and media explosion. The advent of globalisation has exposed consumers of emerging markets like India to the western culture and lifestyle. In increasingly knowledge driven economy, emerging trends are key consideration in dayto day business decisions. New products, technologies and creative designs appear almost daily on the market and are the result of continuous human innovation and creativity. In line with the changing business environment which is appearing around the globe, India's North East too witnessed certain emerging trend in its market place. The present paper, thus, is a modest attempt to put light on the emerging dimensions of trade, business and industry with special reference to India's North East along with other relevant issues.
Experimentally Simulating Wind Driven Firebrand Showers in Wildland urban Interface (WUI) Fires: Overview of the NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) Technology
Year: 2013

Evidence suggests that wind driven firebrand showers are a major cause of structural ignition in Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) fires. While firebrands have been researched for over four decades, prior studies have focused mainly on how far firebrands fly and are of limited use to design firebrand resistant structures. The NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) is an experimental device that can generate a firebrand shower in a safe and repeatable fashion. Since wind plays a critical role in the spread of WUI fires in the USA and urban fires in Japan, NIST has established collaboration with the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Japan. BRI maintains one of the only full scale wind tunnel facilities in the world designed specifically for fire experimentation; the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) The coupling of the NIST Firebrand Generator and BRI's FRWTF is leading to progress in assessing vulnerabilities of structures to a firebrand attack. A brief summary of key results to date using the NIST Dragon installed in the FRWTF are provided in this paper as well as a description of the NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research) facility. The Dragon's LAIR is the only experimental facility capable of simulating continuous wind driven firebrand showers at bench scale. In addition, a detailed description of a new experimental apparatus is presented here for the first time. This device is known as the NIST full scale continuous feed Firebrand Generator (the NIST continuous feed Dragon).When installed inside BRI's FRWTF, the full scale continuous feed Dragon, an improvement of the NIST Dragon, is the first and only experimental apparatus capable of generating, continuous wind driven, controlled firebrand showers that may be directed onto full scale building elements. This paper closes with a discussion of future research needs and opportunities for collaboration.
Commercial viability of photoreactors in textile wastewater treatment hindered by Titanium dioxide (TiO2) deactivation
Year: 2015

Water treatment industry should focus more on water recycling and reuse due to global water shortages as a result of climate change and the increase in volume of toxic and recalcitrant industrial effluents from textile, pharmaceutical and pesticide industries. Water recycling and reuse, which often require sustainable system and high technology should be cost efficient and environmentally friendly. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is widely employed to remove very resistant pollutants that are difficult or costly to treat, this treatment system will dominate the future of water recycle and reuse. Researches focusing on application of such technology recommended titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the preferred catalyst and have carried out investigations and recommend improvements in areas of mass transfer and photon transfer limitations as related to photoreactor intensification processes. These studies have shown potential in the way the photoreactors are designed. Despite such developments, the technology is yet to replace the existing treatment systems in the industry. Data collected from unpublished survey of over 80 major global water treatment companies in July and August 2014, revealed that only about 43% used some forms of AOP, mostly UV and Ozonation. Only about 4% used photocatalysis at pilot scale. Application of photoreactors will be more challenging in textile wastewater treatment due to the presence of ions Cl NO3 SO42 CO32 and PO43 from dissolved salts, they act as inhibitors and poisons that deactivate Titanium oxide (TiO2) reactor beds. This paper reported the findings and recommended solutions for the deactivation phenomenon.
Commentary: Rehabilitation for Rural and Remote Residents Following a Traumatic Hand Injury
Year: 2017

A traumatic hand injury can involve damage to a number of structures including skin, nerves, tendons, muscle bone, and soft tissue. Impairments such as pain or stiffness and loss of range of motion can last for many years and result in a moderate to extreme impact on a person's day to day life. Work, leisure, financial security, and emotional well being often most affected. This commentary provides an analysis of those factors that inhibit (barriers) and support (enablers) the provision of hand therapy rehabilitation in rural and remote areas. Providing a collaborative and flexible rehabilitation programme to rural and remote residents following a traumatic hand injury can be seen as a challenge due to issues such as a limited access to health care services. Established protocols that work in regional or metropolitan locations are unlikely to be effective and innovative and pragmatic strategies are required. The provision of a collaborative and flexible rehabilitation programme regardless of residential location is an important part of the therapist's intervention plan.
Transformation optics designed general optical Luneburg lens with flattened shapes
Venue: Defense Commercial Sensing
Year: 2012

It is well known that the conventional lens design suffers from the aberration, which will lead to imperfect imaging. One way to solve this problem is to use gradient index (GRIN) lenses such as Luneburg lens. However, the spherical geometry of Luneburg lens imposes difficulty for manufacturing. Also, it is desired to design the Luneburg lens with arbitrary focal length. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose to apply the transformation optics techniques to the general Luneburg lens design. In this way, the spherical lens surface will be transformed to flattened shapes, which can be practically fabricated on a flat substrate. Specifically, three dimensional (3D) Luneburg lenses with different focal lengths will be studied. Moreover, discussion on the fabrications of proposed lens has been included. It is desired to ensure that the modified design lies within the available material properties of various polymer photoresists.
How Multilingual is Multilingual BERT?
Venue: ACL
Year: 2019

In this paper, we show that Multilingual BERT (M BERT) released by Devlin et al. (2018) as a single language model pre trained from monolingual corpora in 104 languages, is surprisingly good at zero shot cross lingual model transfer, in which task specific annotations in one language are used to fine tune the model for evaluation in another language. To understand why, we present a large number of probing experiments, showing that transfer is possible even to languages in different scripts, that transfer works best between typologically similar languages, that monolingual corpora can train models for code switching, and that the model can find translation pairs. From these results, we can conclude that M BERT does create multilingual representations, but that these representations exhibit systematic deficiencies affecting certain language pairs.
Centriole Positioning: Not Just a Little Dot in the Cell.
Venue: Results and problems in cell differentiation
Year: 2019

Organelle positioning as many other morphological parameters in a cell is not random. Centriole positioning as centrosomes or ciliary basal bodies is not an exception to this rule in cell biology. Indeed, centriole positioning is a tightly regulated process that occurs during development, and it is critical for many organs to function properly, not just during development but also in the adulthood. In this book chapter, we overview our knowledge on centriole positioning in different and highly specialized animal cells like photoreceptor or ependymal cells. We will also discuss recent advances in the discovery of molecular pathways involved in this process, mostly related to the cytoskeleton and the cell polarity pathways. And finally, we present quantitative methods that have been used to assess centriole positioning in different cell types although mostly in epithelial cells.
A survey of best practices for RNA seq data analysis
Venue: Genome Biology
Year: 2016

RNA sequencing (RNA seq) has a wide variety of applications, but no single analysis pipeline can be used in all cases. We review all of the major steps in RNA seq data analysis, including experimental design, quality control, read alignment, quantification of gene and transcript levels, visualization, differential gene expression, alternative splicing, functional analysis, gene fusion detection and eQTL mapping. We highlight the challenges associated with each step. We discuss the analysis of small RNAs and the integration of RNA seq with other functional genomics techniques. Finally, we discuss the outlook for novel technologies that are changing the state of the art in transcriptomics.
Color tunable upconversion luminescent perovskite fluoride with long /short lived emissions toward multiple anti counterfeiting
Year: 2019

In contrast to simply static fluorescence, the introduction of time resolved visualized fluorescence in materials can significantly improve their anti counterfeiting performance; however, this remains challenging with photon upconversion (UC) luminescent materials. Herein, we demonstrate a color tunable UC luminescent perovskite fluoride KCdF3:Yb3+,Mn2+,Ln3+ (Ln3+ Er3+ Ho3+ Tm3+ with both long ~20 40 ms) and short ~0.4 2 ms) emission lifetimes. Under steady 980 nm laser excitation, color tunable steady UC fluorescence from yellow to red (or green) and yellow to blue (including UC white emission) could be easily achieved by tuning the doping concentration of Mn2+ and Ln3+ in the system; whereas, an unalterable yellow UC afterglow was observed by the naked eye when the excitation source was removed. Moreover, the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibited excellent pump power and temperature dependent luminescence stability. Static and dynamic photoluminescence analysis provided an understanding of the unique UC luminescence in this system, and a bidirectional energy transfer UC mechanism between Mn2+ (or Yb3+ Mn2+ dimer) and Ln3+ is presented. The multiple anti counterfeiting prototype using the unique UC luminescent materials demonstrated a high throughput authentication rate without the need for complex, time gated decoding instrumentation, suggesting their high potential for anti counterfeiting application, and also providing new insights for the design of photon UC luminescence materials.
COMP 562 Project Report An Evaluation of the Pyramid Stereo Matching Network PSMNet
Year: 2018

Recent work proposed by Jia Ren Chang and Yong Shen Chen has suggested that Pyramid Stereo Matching (PSM) Network, can potentially be an efficient solution to robust and accurate 3D reconstructions. The purpose of our project is to evaluate the performance of the PSMNet on different combinations of datasets and then to seek potential improvements for the network. To achieve the goals, we will test the PSMNet first by validating pre trained network on public dataset such as KITTI 2012 and KITTI 2015 and then training and testing on two synthetic datasets generated by ourselves. During the evaluation, we would like to see the robustness and accuracy of PSMNet in various scenes. We also propose to add additional training layers to enhance network performance.
Lossless compression of medical images using Burrows Wheeler Transformation with Inversion Coder
Venue: 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)
Year: 2015

Medical imaging is a quickly growing industry where the need for highly efficient lossless compression algorithms is necessary in order to reduce storage space and transmission rates for the large, high resolution, medical images. Due to the fact that medical imagining cannot utilize lossy compression, in the event that vital information may be lost, it is imperative that lossless compression be used. While several authors have investigated lossless compression of medical images, the Burrows Wheeler Transformation with an Inversion Coder (BWIC) has not been examined. Our investigation shows that BWIC runs in linear time and yields better compression rates than well known image coders, such as JPEG LS and JPEG 2000.
A role for ubiquitin in selective autophagy.
Venue: Molecular cell
Year: 2009

Ubiquitination is the hallmark of protein degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, the proteasome is limited in its capacity to degrade oligomeric and aggregated proteins. Removal of harmful protein aggregates is mediated by autophagy, a mechanism by which the cell sequesters cytosolic cargo and delivers it for degradation by the lysosome. Identification of autophagy receptors, such as p62/SQSTM1 and NBR1, which simultaneously bind both ubiquitin and autophagy specific ubiquitin like modifiers, LC3/GABARAP, has provided a molecular link between ubiquitination and autophagy. This review explores the hypothesis that ubiquitin represents a selective degradation signal suitable for targeting various types of cargo, ranging from protein aggregates to membrane bound organelles and microbes.
Caracteristicas de la representacion social del cancer de mama en mujeres premenopausicas.
Year: 2016

El cancer de mama es la enfermedad oncologica mas frecuente en las mujeres de todo el mundo. Su representacion social determina las actitudes ante la dolencia y las conductas de salud de las feminas.  Caracterizar la representacion social del cancer de mama en mujeres premenopausicas.  Se realizo un estudio descriptivo en el Hospital Provincial de Oncologia Maria Curie, de Camaguey, durante febrero de 2014 a diciembre de 2015. La investigacion se realizo a partir de un diseno inclusivo de casos multiples. Se empleo la triangulacion de datos como estrategia y el metodo fenomenologico. La muestra intencional pura, la conformaron 25 mujeres. Los metodos empiricos empleados fueron la observacion y la entrevista en profundidad. Como instrumentos de evaluacion psicologica se utilizaron la asociacion libre de palabras y el completamiento de frases.  Se tuvieron en cuenta la frecuencia y orden de presentacion de las 52 palabras evocadas y se estructuraron cuatro categorias. En los sujetos de la muestra el cancer se objetiviza y se torna natural para las mujeres por la informacion de las peliculas y caracteristicas del contexto en Cuba, ademas aparecen actitudes cancerofobicas y el tabu a hablar del tema, a pesar de existir grupos que todavia lo evitan, lo cual estimula la expresion y desmitificacion de aspectos relacionados con el cancer.  El nucleo figurativo de la representacion social esta constituido por el dolor, la muerte, el temor y preocupacion. Las peculiaridades del contexto cubano, la relacion con miembros de grupos informales y los medios masivos de comunicacion enriquecen la informacion referente al cancer y contribuye a la configuracion de su representacion. Existe una connotacion social negativa hacia el cancer de mama influenciado las consecuencias de la enfermedad y de los tratamientos.
A Study on Confucius from the Heart from the Aspect of Toury's Norm Theory
Year: 2011

This paper firstly describes the definition of Toury's norm theory and then analyzes the English edition of Yudan's book which is Confucius from the Heart from the aspects of preliminary norm,initial norm and practical norm trying to explain that the three norms have made effects on the choice of the book and the translator,the western style of the whole book and the structure of discourse and diction.
Three Dimensional Microscopy by Milling with Ultraviolet Excitation
Venue: Scientific Reports
Year: 2019

Analysis of three dimensional biological samples is critical to understanding tissue function and the mechanisms of disease. Many chronic conditions, like neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, correlate with complex tissue changes that are difficult to explore using two dimensional histology. While three dimensional techniques such as confocal and light sheet microscopy are well established, they are time consuming, require expensive instrumentation, and are limited to small tissue volumes. Three dimensional microscopy is therefore impractical in clinical settings and often limited to core facilities at major research institutions. There would be a tremendous benefit to providing clinicians and researchers with the ability to routinely image large three dimensional tissue volumes at cellular resolution. In this paper, we propose an imaging methodology that enables fast and inexpensive three dimensional imaging that can be readily integrated into current histology pipelines. This method relies on block face imaging of paraffin embedded samples using deep ultraviolet excitation. The imaged surface is then ablated to reveal the next tissue section for imaging. The final image stack is then aligned and reconstructed to provide tissue models that exceed the depth and resolution achievable with modern three dimensional imaging systems.
ESTUDIO DE ELEMENTOS BASICOS EN EL DISENO DE PLACAS DE BLOQUEO PARA FRACTURA DE HUMERO PROXIMAL EMPLEANDO SIMULACION NUMERICA Y HERRAMIENTAS ESTADISTICAS
Year: 2018

Aun cuando un numero considerable de fracturas de humero proximal estan siendo tratadas con osteosintesis, los casos de fracaso del dispositivo por perdida de la reduccion siguen siendo un problema recurrente. Los principales elementos implicados en este caso son las condiciones fisiologicas de carga, la configuracion de los tornillos de soporte, el material del implante y la calidad osea. El objetivo de este estudio establecer una relacion superior de los anteriores, proporcionando una fijacion flexible y reduciendo las posibilidades de falla mecanica y otras complicaciones. Se utilizo un diseno de experimentos de tipo factorial en combinacion con el uso del metodo de elementos finitos para dar lugar a la recogida de datos. Las condiciones de carga asemejan a "caer sobre un brazo estirado" (compresion) Los resultados apuntan a que el material de la placa de bloque es la variable de entrada mas significativa seguido del tejido oseo. Este estudio utiliza modelos isotropicos, lo cual simplifica el tiempo de calculo y permite establecer tendencias de comportamiento aceptables.
Thermo Driven Controllable Emulsion Separation by a Polymer Decorated Membrane with Switchable Wettability.
Venue: Angewandte Chemie
Year: 2018

A thermoresponsive Poly(N isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) modified nylon membrane was fabricated via hydrothermal route. Combining rough structure, proper pore size, and thermoresponsive wettability, the membrane can separate at least 16 types of stabilized oil in water and water in oil emulsions at different temperatures. Below the LCST (ca. 25 degC) the material exhibits hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, which can be used for the separation of various kinds of oil in water emulsions. Above the LCST (ca. 45 degC) the membrane shows the opposite property with high hydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, and it can then separate stabilized water in oil emulsions. The material exhibits excellent recyclability and high separation efficiency for various kinds of emulsions and the hydrothermal method is facile and low cost. The membrane shows good potential in real situations such as on demand oil spill cleanup, industrial wastewater treatment, remote operation of oil/water emulsion separation units, and fuel purification.