nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic vegetable disease identification approach using individual lesion features
Venue: Comput. Electron. Agric.
Year: 2020

This paper proposes an automated approach for plant disease identification at leaf surface level using optimized features extracted from pathologically localized disease lesion areas. The automatic identification is achieved using machine learning classifiers built on the features. The disease region is mainly characterized as the combination of two symptom regions, the chlorotic and necrotic lesions that convey distinct characterization patterns. Typical machine learning approaches extract these patterns globally from the disease region as a whole region of interest (ROI) which often results in 10 s to 100 s of redundant features in the final feature vector that degrades the identification performance. Consequently, other methods resolve to use complex optimization algorithms to perform feature selection, which further compounds on the method complexity often without meaningful improvement. This study presents a localized feature extraction method from the individual chlorotic and necrotic lesions minimizing feature redundancy and vector size. Color coherence vector (CCV) a feature that portrays distinct homogeneous patterns relative to the disease progression are extracted from the chlorotic region. On the other hand, local binary pattern (LPB) is extracted from the necrotic region. Concatenating these individual lesion features results in a pathological feature vector for disease identification, thus minimizing feature size and avoiding the potentiality of dealing with descriptors that are superficial. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, different conventional classifiers are used to test the quality and efficiency of these features in accurately classifying the plant diseases. The efficacy of the proposed approach is confirmed with the achieved high precision and recall rates of over 99% in all cases, and an improved accuracy compared to other reported works. The proposed work in this paper finds application in simplified decision support systems for the automation of plant disease identification and other resource management practices in the field of precision agriculture.
Bridging knowledge between craftsman and learner in Chinese intangible cultural heritage through WebAR
Venue: SIGGRAPH 2019
Year: 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore new perspectives to learning Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) through embodied interaction with focus on learning and experience with traditional Cantonese Porcelain crafting. This research developed a WebAR application where various processes are presented through the tangible interaction of virtual porcelain represented by physical objects. The learner is able to directly interact with the plate that bridges the tangible materials and making processes of ICH utilizing WebAR. Empirical studies found that the WebAR and embodied interaction can enhance student's tangible learning experience to transfer knowledge between craftsman and student.
[Effects of environmental pollutants on arbuscular mycorrhiza formation and function]
Venue: Ying yong sheng tai xue bao The journal of applied ecology
Year: 2006

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) possesses the characteristics of both microbe and plant. Considerable attention has been focused on the use of AM in the remediation of polluted soil, but AM could be poisoned by pollutants when exposed to polluted soil, and thus, the significance of its application might be reduced. Therefore, how to reduce the negative effects of pollutants on AM is an issue to be considered in remedying polluted soil by AM. This paper briefly reviewed the effects of different organic and inorganic pollutants on AM structure, formation and function, and discussed the possible mechanisms. Both organic and inorganic pollutants could have detrimental effects on AM structure, formation and function, such as low spore germination, colonization rate, and hyphal growth. Organic pollutants indirectly affect the activity of AM fungi through affecting the carbohydrates allocation from plant to the fungi, while heavy metals directly inhibited the activity of AM fungi.
Orbit determination for fuel station in multiple SSO spacecraft refueling considering the J2 perturbation
Year: 2020

This paper investigates the orbit determination problem for fuel station (FS) in multiple Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO) spacecrafts refueling mission. A novel K M N transportation network to solve this general refueling problem is proposed, which contains several FSs with their reusable servicing spacecraft (SSC) and a large number of targets. The proposed network allows the FS drifting in a cooperative rendezvous to reduce the fuel consumption considering the J2 perturbation. Furthermore, one to one mode is chosen as the refueling strategy between the FS and the target, which makes it feasible to determine the number and orbit of the FS. In order to achieve such an economical refueling strategy, the problem is formulated as a facility location allocation (FLA) model, subject to the different demands among targets and the limitation of SSC's capacity. Then, a hybrid Density Based Spatial clustering algorithm (HDBSCAN) is designed to solve the multi objective optimization model. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed algorithm.
Metasurface Lens for Ultra Wideband Planar Antenna
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Year: 2020

In this article, an ultra wideband metasurface lens is designed and integrated into an antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) to improve its radiation directivity without affecting its efficiency and return loss characteristics. The metasurface lens consists of high permittivity metamaterial unit cells which resonate at frequencies far away from the operation bandwidth of 1 6 GHz. Electric field distributions of the antennas show that the near field behaves more planar for the metasurface lens loaded AVA, as compared to conventional AVA. Both the original antenna and the newly proposed antenna are simulated, fabricated, and tested. The measurements are found in very good agreement with the simulation results. In the operation bandwidth of 1 6 GHz, the return loss is less than 10 dB for both antennas. As verified by far field measurements, the metasurface loaded AVA has achieved higher gain in the operation bandwidth. Additionally, the half power beamwidth of the AVA is significantly reduced by the inclusion of the metasurface lens.
Design and development methods for improving acceptance of IT among emergency responders
Venue: ISCRAM
Year: 2019

Various sources report a low adoption of IT based tools in emergency response, as well as a negative attitude of responders to such tools. The responders' needs, simply put, are not met by the IT based tools offered to them. Observing this situation through a user centered design lens, we note that such problems typically stem from insufficient or erroneous context analysis. The deficiencies become even more pronounced when considering that emergency response represents a complex, adaptive socio technical system. We also note that the appropriate methodology for designing ER systems is rarely discussed in literature and in research papers. To fill that void, the present paper discusses a minimal set of techniques that, both in our experience and according to state of the art practice, can guide developers towards positively accepted IT systems for emergency response.
Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Efforts for Intimate Partner Violence
Venue: Partner Abuse
Year: 2013

This article presents a systematic review of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention studies. Using electronic databases and standard search methods, 19 studies met inclusion criteria for the review. These studies targeted partner violence victimization and/or perpetration, included a comparison or control group, and measured IPV behavior or outcomes involving knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or other constructs related to IPV. Fifteen of the studies used randomized designs, and 9 studies were identified that used rigorous methods (randomized designs, measurement of IPV behavior, sufficient follow up, independent assessors) Four of the 9 studies were school based studies conducted in middle or high schools. Only 1 of those found an unqualified positive impact on IPV behavior; another found an IPV preventive effect for boys only. Five of the 9 studies were conducted in community settings, including 2 that worked with couples, 2 that provided group based interventions set in the community, and 1 that worked with parents to promote dating violence prevention with their teenage children. All 5 of the community based studies reported positive impact on IPV behavior. Although there are some encouraging findings in the literature, gaps remain. No programs have been replicated, and although there would appear to be a great deal of overlap in program content, there is no analysis examining key components of program effectiveness.
Cyclodextrins in Food Technology and Human Nutrition: Benefits and Limitations
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Year: 2016

Cyclodextrins are tasteless, odorless, nondigestible, noncaloric, noncariogenic saccharides, which reduce the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids. They have low glycemic index and decrease the glycemic index of the food. They are either non or only partly digestible by the enzymes of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and fermented by the gut microflora. Based on these properties, cyclodextrins are dietary fibers useful for controlling the body weight and blood lipid profile. They are prebiotics, improve the intestinal microflora by selective proliferation of bifidobacteria. These antiobesity and anti diabetic effects make them bioactive food supplements and nutraceuticals. In this review, these features are evaluated for a b and g cyclodextrins, which are the cyclodextrin variants approved by authorities for food applications. The mechanisms behind these effects are reviewed together with the applications as solubilizers, stabilizers of dietary lipids, such as unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and other nutraceuticals. The recent applications of cyclodextrins for reducing unwanted components, such as trans fats, allergens, mycotoxins, acrylamides, bitter compounds, as well as in smart active packaging of foods are also overviewed.
Joint User Scheduling and Power Allocation for Energy Efficient Millimeter Wave NOMA Systems With Random Beamforming
Venue: 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)
Year: 2018

In this paper, we investigate the user scheduling and power allocation scheme for a millimeter wave non orthogonal multiple access system. To reduce the feedback overhead, random beamforming is adopted at a base station. The optimization problem is formulated to maximize the energy efficiency. To solve this problem, we first address the user scheduling and power allocation problem separately, then an iterative algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the user scheduling and power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher energy efficiency than the conventional scheme.
Renewable and non renewable energy consumption, economic complexity, CO2 emissions, and ecological footprint in the USA: testing the EKC hypothesis with a structural break
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Year: 2020

The economic complexity index, which indicates the level of knowledge and skills needed in the production of the exported goods, is a measure of economic development. Some researchers have investigated the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by considering the effect of economic complexity on environmental pollution. This study, for the first time, examines the impact of economic complexity, globalization, and renewable and non renewable energy consumption on both CO 2 emissions and ecological footprint within the framework of the EKC hypothesis in the USA. To this end, the combined cointegration test and three different estimators are utilized for the period from 1980 to 2016. The main finding of the study indicates that the inverted U shaped EKC relationship between economic complexity and environmental pollution holds for the USA. In addition to this finding, globalization and renewable energy consumption play a dominant role in reducing environmental pollution, while non renewable energy consumption contributing factor to environmental pressure. Overall, the outcomes indicate that increasing economic complexity helps to minimize environmental degradation after a threshold, and the US government can provide a better environment by using renewable energy sources and globalization.
International Organizations as Law Makers
Venue: American Journal of International Law
Year: 2006

The phenomenon of international organizations (IOs) and the changes that they may have made in the fabric of international law and relations continue to fascinate international lawyers and policymakers. Whether the phenomenon is evidence of a move toward a more organized system of "world governance," at the expense of the authority and relevance of states, and whether these organizations have taken on a life of their own irrespective of the wishes and commands of states, have been the subject of vigorous debates. In International Organizations as Law Makers, Jose Alvarez's likening of the uncertainties and dilemmas of modern states over IOs to those of Dr. Frankenstein to his monster in Mary Shelley's novel, seems apt. The monster aroused the fear of the villagers, and IOs may have a similar effect on the global village. But fear distorts judgment. A more realistic and less fanciful examination of the effect of the growing number of IOs that seem to have increasing regulatory and enforcement capabilities is in order.  Alvarez has provided international lawyers with such an examination.
A Unified Approach to Solving Graph Based Design Problems
Year: 2007

This paper proposes a new perspective of using graph transformation systems as a way of organizing and solving engineering design problems. Using this novel technique the synthesis of optimal solutions in the form of graph topologies for design problems is made possible. Though the concept of graph grammars has existed for several decades in computer science literature, researchers in the field of design have now begun to realize the merit of using them to harness both the knowledge and heuristics of a particular problem domain. This paper examines the fundamental challenges in applying graph transformations in a design context. The paper also presents the first topology optimization method that has been developed specifically for domains representable by a graph grammar schema. This novel approach could also be used in several problems such as network problems (especially in determining the placement of hubs) electric circuit design, neural networks, sheet metal, and product architecture. The abstraction afforded by graphs also enables us to tackle multi disciplinary problems found throughout engineering design. A few engineering examples are shown in this paper in order to illustrate the power of the approach in automating the design process.
The economics of biobanking and pharmacogenetics databasing: the case of an adaptive platform on breast cancer.
Venue: Technology and health care official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine
Year: 2013

This paper aims to discuss the economics of biobanking. Among the critical issues in evaluating potential ROI for creation of a bio bank are: scale (e.g. local, national, international) centralized versus virtual/distributed, degree of sample annotation/QC procedures, targeted end users and uses, types of samples, potential characterization, both of samples and annotations. The paper presents a review on cost models for an economic analysis of biobanking for different steps: data collection (e.g. biospecimens in different types of sites, storage, transport and distribution, information management for the different types of information (e.g. biological information such as cell, gene, and protein) It also provides additional concepts to process biospecimens from laboratory to clinical practice and will help to identify how changing paradigms in translational medicine affect the economic modeling.
Le microbiote, l'intestin et le cerveau
Year: 2018

Le cerveau et l'intestin representent deux organes cles dans l'evolution et la survie des especes. Le systeme nerveux du tube digestif, le systeme nerveux enterique (SNE) assure la regulation des fonctions digestives et presente de nombreuses similitudes avec le cerveau dans les grands principes de son developpement et de son fonctionnement. Le SNE et le cerveau sont particulierement sensibles au microbiote intestinal, qui represente un veritable ecosysteme a l'interface de notre corps et de notre environnement. L'installation du microbiote dans le tube digestif des la naissance joue un role majeur dans le developpement et la maturation fonctionnelle de l'intestin et du cerveau. Cet axe de communication microbiote intestin cerveau, operant par l'intermediaire de voies nerveuses et humorales, semble etre egalement particulierement implique dans des pathologies neurologiques et psychiatriques, avec troubles digestifs associes, comme la maladie de Parkinson et les troubles du spectre de l'autisme. Les similitudes structurelles et les voies d'interactions liant etroitement l'intestin et le cerveau sont probablement a la base de la capacite du microbiote a moduler en miroir ces deux organes. Ces decouvertes ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de prevention et/ou de traitement de nombreuses pathologies digestives et cerebrales fondees sur la modulation du microbiote intestinal.
Probing Exchange Pathways in One Dimensional Aggregates with Super Resolution Microscopy
Venue: Science
Year: 2014

Examining Supramolecular Exchange Microtubules are a natural example of a one dimensional (1D) supramolecular structure. Synthetic examples of 1D fibrils often have monomers linked by weak noncovalent interactions that allow monomers to exchange in and out of the fibrils. Albertazzi et al. (p. 491) used a combination of super resolution microscopy on individual fibrils and stochastic simulation to study monomer exchange in fibrils formed from stacked 1,3,5 benzenetricarboxamide motifs. Exchange did not require large scale depolymerization and repolymerization, or reassembly of fragments, but proceeded through individual monomers exchanging homogeneously throughout the fibrils. One dimensional supramolecular aggregates can swap constituent monomers through a homogeneous exchange mechanism. Supramolecular fibers are prominent structures in biology and chemistry. A quantitative understanding of molecular exchange pathways in these one dimensional aggregates was obtained by a combination of super resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and stochastic simulation. The potential of this methodology is demonstrated with a set of well defined synthetic building blocks that self assemble into supramolecular fibrils. Previous ensemble measurements hid all molecular phenomena underpinning monomer exchange, but the molecular pathway determined from single aggregate studies revealed unexpected homogeneous exchange along the polymer backbone. These results pave the way for experimental investigation of the structure and exchange pathways of synthetic and natural supramolecular fibers.
Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap dan Faktor yang Memengaruhi
Year: 2017

Latar belakang. Imunisasi merupakan salah satu upaya perlindungan kesehatan yang paling efektif untuk anak anak terhadap beberapa penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I) Keberhasilan pelaksanaan program imunisasi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain, usia ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pengetahuan ibu dan urutan kelahiran anak. Tujuan Mengetahui cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap pada anak dan menilai faktor faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode Penelitian ini deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di Divisi Tumbuh Kembang dan Pediatri Sosial, Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan, mulai bulan Oktober 2015 sampai April 2016. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien rawat jalan dan rawat inap. Data diolah dengan statistik deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan imunisasi dasar dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil Di antara 113 sampel penelitian didapatkan 46 orang (40,7% memiliki status imunisasi dasar lengkap. Faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan imunisasi dasar adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,017) Jenis kelamin, status nutrisi, cara lahir, berat badan lahir, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, urutan kelahiran, jumlah anak dan usia ibu tidak memengaruhi kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak. Kesimpulan Cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap pada anak 40,7% dan faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan imunisasi dasar adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif.
Universal Composition with Responsive Environments
Venue: ASIACRYPT
Year: 2016

In universal composability frameworks, adversaries or environments and protocols/ideal functionalities often have to exchange meta information on the network interface, such as algorithms, keys, signatures, ciphertexts, signaling information, and corruption related messages. For these purely modeling related messages, which do not reflect actual network communication, it would often be very reasonable and natural for adversaries/environments to provide the requested information immediately or give control back to the protocol/functionality immediately after having received some information. However, in none of the existing models for universal composability is this guaranteed. We call this the non responsiveness problem. As we will discuss in the paper, while formally non responsiveness does not invalidate any of the universal composability models, it has many disadvantages, such as unnecessarily complex specifications and less expressivity. Also, this problem has often been ignored in the literature, leading to ill defined and flawed specifications. Protocol designers really should not have to care about this problem at all, but currently they have to: giving the adversary/environment the option to not respond immediately to modeling related requests does not translate to any real attack scenario. This paper solves the non responsiveness problem and its negative consequences completely, by avoiding this artificial modeling problem altogether. We propose the new concepts of responsive environments and adversaries. Such environments and adversaries must provide a valid response to modeling related requests before any other protocol/functionality is activated. Hence, protocol designers do no longer have to worry about artifacts resulting from such requests not being answered promptly. Our concepts apply to all existing models for universal composability, as exemplified for the UC, GNUC, and IITM models, with full definitions and proofs simulation relations, transitivity, equivalence of various simulation notions, and composition theorems provided for the IITM model.
Channel Characteristics in High Speed Railway: A Survey of Channel Propagation Properties
Venue: IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine
Year: 2015

In this article, we give an overview of recent research on propagation properties in high speed railways (HSRs) The channel fading in HSRs is a big challenge for wireless access. It is essential to understand the channel fading behavior before the system design. The novel results of propagation and channel models are presented. The details of channel characteristics, such as path loss, shadow fading, and Ricean K factor, are discussed in each scenario. A comprehensive picture of propagation and channel modeling research in railways is shown.