nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
XSS Detection Technology Based on LSTM Attention
Venue: 2020 5th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics (CRC)
Year: 2020

Cross site scripting (XSS) is one of the main threats of Web applications, which has great harm. How to effectively detect and defend against XSS attacks has become more and more important. Due to the malicious obfuscation of attack codes and the gradual increase in number, the traditional XSS detection methods have some defects such as poor recognition of malicious attack codes, inadequate feature extraction and low efficiency. Therefore, we present a novel approach to detect XSS attacks based on the attention mechanism of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network. First of all, the data need to be preprocessed, we used decoding technology to restore the XSS codes to the unencoded state for improving the readability of the code, then we used word2vec to extract XSS payload features and map them to feature vectors. And then, we improved the LSTM model by adding attention mechanism, the LSTM Attention detection model was designed to train and test the data. We used the ability of LSTM model to extract context related features for deep learning, the added attention mechanism made the model extract more effective features. Finally, we used the classifier to classify the abstract features. Experimental results show that the proposed XSS detection model based on LSTM Attention achieves a precision rate of 99.3% and a recall rate of 98.2% in the actually collected dataset. Compared with traditional machine learning methods and other deep learning methods, this method can more effectively identify XSS attacks.
Use of Action Songs and Total Physical Response to Promote the Development of Listening Skills among Year 4, Low Enrolment Tamil Vernacular Primary School Students in Malaysia
Year: 2018

Total Physical Response (TPR) is built around the coordination of speech and actions. Action songs promote dance or acts while singing. In this study, we look at action songs as part of TPR to investigate its effectiveness in enhancing students' listening skills to develop their mastery of the English Language. Seven Year 4 students from a Low Enrolment (SKM) Tamil Vernacular Primary school type (SJKT) were selected as the participants of a within group experimental design. Upon completing a pre test on listening skill, students were given six treatment lessons, whereby one hour per lesson was allocated. The treatment was conducted once a week, for every listening lesson. The data was collected while and after the pupils were taught through a series of lessons or interventions that incorporated songs and TPR to complete a variety of listening tasks. The finding shows that even though action songs and TPR are not commonly used among English Language teachers, teachers should implement the method especially for students from Low Enrolment Vernacular Primary School Type as the students in this study showed a significant increase in their post intervention scores of the listening test. The findings also discusses SJKT English Language teachers perceptions on the use of songs and TPR and suggests that there is still a lack of understanding among the teachers on the potential benefits of action songs and TPR for their particular students who have high levels of anxiety and inhibitions to learning English.
Patient and observer reported long term scar quality of wide local excision scars in melanoma patients
Venue: Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery
Year: 2018

Wide local excision of the primary tumour is the mainstay of treatment for melanoma patients. The aims of this study were to assess the patient and observer reported long term scar quality after surgery using the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) in melanoma patients, to assess the reliability and validity of POSAS, and to identify factors influencing the scar assessment. This cross sectional clinical study included 320 melanoma patients with primary tumours on the trunk and limbs. Data regarding patients, treatment, scar characteristics and functional outcomes was analysed. Internal consistency, inter rater reliability, and convergent validity were examined. Factors influencing the patient and observer reported scar quality were tested using regression analyses. Results of the POSAS showed an overall good scar quality. The internal consistency of POSAS was good, and the convergent validity was strong. The inter rater reliability was only moderate. The patients were influenced by the POSAS sub items: colour, irregularity, thickness and pain. The observer was influenced by the POSAS sub items: vascularity, surface area, thickness, relief and pliability. Both patient and observer reported scar qualities were influenced by age, location, type of superficial suture, keloids and widened scars. Moreover, the patients were influenced by the scar tightness while the observer was influenced by postoperative complications, hypertrophic scars, suture marks and dog ears. In conclusion POSAS is a reliable and valid scar assessment tool. The factors influencing patient and observer reported scar quality differed, and better understanding of this may improve treatment and hence patient reported scar quality.
The significance of the geological strata on desert runoff agriculture: Indications for stable desert environment over the last 1600 years in southern Israel
Year: 2016

Large distribution of historical agricultural installations in the desert zone of the southern Levant, mainly from the Byzantine Early Muslim periods (1600 1000 y BP) indicates that the region was highly productive in the past. That could have been achieved either because of a more humid climate, or by sophisticated runoff harvesting techniques utilized by the ancient farmers under a desert climate. Among all, the most important factor enabling the existence of the desert agriculture was runoff harvesting. Our study assess a multi disciplinary approach testing the relationship between diverse geological strata, their ability to cause runoff and the possible preferences made by the ancient farmers to utilize these rock properties. Utilizing GIS methods we generated high resolution maps, highlighting the present runoff potential both on a single lithology slope level and on the drainage basin scale. By applying this methodology we show that high correlation (80% exists when testing the spatial emplacement of runoff farming installations constructed during the Byzantine Early Muslim periods on the present best runoff yielding drainage basins under the present climatic conditions. This hints at the long stability of the environmental and probably climatic conditions in the southern Levant regions during the late Holocene.
Remediating, Rescripting and Regendering the Monster: from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein to Shelley Jackson's Patchwork Girl
Year: 2017

The digital novel "Patchwork Girl; or a Modern Monster by Mary/Shelley, and Herself" written by Shelley Jackson in 1995 using the Storyspace software platform, is generally considered one of the most important works of first generation electronic literature. The story is largely based on Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and partly on L.Frank Baum's "Patchwork Girl of Oz" reread, rescripted and remediated in a phase of unprecedented literary interest in hypertext writing and the new media. In the 1990s, such interest also embraced the sudden transformation undergone by feminist writing, as it attempted to overcome dualistic thought patterns by welcoming technological contaminations. Within the epistemic scope of postmodernity dichotomies are constantly questioned and boundaries collapse, enacting unorthodox hybridizations between organic and inorganic, theory and practice, intangible conceptual discourse and tangible bodily experience. The fragmented structure of "Patchwork Girl" is likewise marked by liminality, dynamism, fluidity, and discordant incorporations, exactly like the body of the protagonist, the female companion of Frankenstein's monster who had been aborted in Mary Shelley's novel and is here revived. Just like that monstrous body, which is made of pieces from different women, the hypertext contains a number of quotes, including references to theoretical works by Haraway, Derrida, Deleuze and Guattari. It comprises 326 reading units (lexias) featuring the alternation of text and images, as well as 462 hypertextual links. The fact that such units may be read quite independently of each other allows each fragment of text or identity to be interpreted without being subject to symbolic hierarchies of power. Nonetheless, the political potential of this hypertext does not lie so much in the attempt to transcend the logic of patriarchy; rather it rests with the ironic and self conscious appropriation of various ideologically bound cultural fragments, leading to an incongruous overlapping much in line with the praxis of remediation.
Bag of Words Based Deep Neural Network for Image Retrieval
Venue: ACM Multimedia
Year: 2014

This work targets image retrieval task hold by MSR Bing Grand Challenge. Image retrieval is considered as a challenge task because of the gap between low level image representation and high level textual query representation. Recently further developed deep neural network sheds light on narrowing the gap by learning high level image representation from raw pixels. In this paper, we proposed a bag of words based deep neural network for image retrieval task, which learns high level image representation and maps images into bag of words space. The DNN model is trained on the large scale clickthrough data, and the relevance between query and image is measured by the cosine similarity of query's bag of words representation and image's bag of words representation predicted by DNN, the visual similarity of images is computed by high level image representation extracted via the DNN model too. Finally, PageRank algorithm is used to further improve the ranking list by considering visual similarity of images for each query. The experimental results achieved state of the art performance and verified the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Transdermal Drug Delivery by Electroporation: The Effects of Surfactants on Pathway Lifetime and Drug Transport
Year: 2007

Electroporation creates aqueous pathways by short high voltage pulses resulting in a transient perme abilization of stratum corneum and an increase in the transdermal delivery rate. However the aqueous pathways will reseal after pulsing, which leads to the rapid drop of transdermal flux. In the present study, the surfactants were added to the donor solution to hinder the shrinkage and resealing of the electropore, and to prolong the lifetime of the aqueous pathways with the consideration that the surfactants could reduce the surface energy of the electropore. These effects of surfactants were demonstrated by the dynamic electrical resistance of the skin and the fluorescent imaging of the local transport regions. Piroxicam (PIX) was transported percutaneously in the presence of surfactants in vitro. Owing to the longer lifetime of aqueous pathways, together with the promotion of PIX availability at the barrier exterior and the improvement in the partition of PIX into the aqueous pathways, the presence of surfactants led to a remarkable increase in the transdermal delivery rate during electroporation and a significant growth of the accumulative transdermal amount of PIX.
Computer Assisted Language Learning Integration Challenges in Saudi Arabian English as a Foreign Language Classes: The Case of EFL Teachers at Tabuk University
Year: 2020

Recent decades have witnessed unprecedented growth in the educational technology industry. Such significant developments have made Computer Assisted Language Learning an indispensable constituent of the teaching methodology in English as a Foreign Language classes. Meanwhile, several studies report that English as a Foreign Language teachers in many parts of the world is in shortage of skills required for Computer Assisted Language Learning integration in their classes and teaching methods. In view of the variances in different parts of the world as to the status of Computer Assisted Language Learning integration, the current study aims at exploring challenges that English as a Foreign Language teachers, at the University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, are assumed to confront in employing Computer Assisted Language Learning as an integral constituent in their classroom teaching methodology. With this end, the study is carried out in light of the question 'Are the EFL teachers able to integrate CALL applications effectively in their classroom teaching methodology? 'The study employs a mixed methods research design in which quantitative and qualitative approaches are used in both data collection and analysis. The required data for analysis was collected by using a questionnaire of Likert items that were distributed to a convenient random sample of EFL teachers working at the English language Institute (ELI) at the University of Tabuk. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically with the support of excel and SPSS whereas qualitative data were analyzed in light of invitational theory proposed by Purkey and Novak (1992) The results of the analysis are significant in drawing inferences that help in making valid conclusions and decisions for designing and developing suitable teacher professional development programs for successful integration of CALL in their EFL classrooms.
Strength Profile of Hip Abductor and Adductor Muscles in Youth Elite Soccer Players
Venue: Journal of human kinetics
Year: 2019

The main objective of this study was to provide an extensive isokinetic profile of the hip joint in youth soccer players, where the literature is limited. Additionally, this study investigated the effect of age on isokinetic peak torque values of hip abductor and adductor muscles and on reciprocal muscle group torque ratios in youth soccer players at different angular velocities (30 vs. 90o/s) and muscle actions (concentric vs. eccentric) Sixty young elite male soccer players were assigned into three equal groups (n 20) children, young adolescents and older adolescents, and performed five maximal concentric and eccentric hip abductions and adductions at 30o/s and 90o/s. The results showed a significant increase (p 0.05) in peak torque values from childhood to adolescence, with the exception of young adolescents vs. older adolescents where no differences were observed. The reciprocal ratios were not affected by age, but improved with an increase in angular velocity with the exception of the CON/ECC ratio that was higher at 30o/s. The data presented in this study provide an extensive isokinetic profile of hip abductor and adductor muscle strength in youth soccer players to assist both coaches and sports medicine professionals in strength monitoring and training.
A Butterfly Based Direct Integral Equation Solver Using Hierarchical LU Factorization for Analyzing Scattering From Electrically Large Conducting Objects
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Year: 2017

A butterfly based direct combined field integral equation (CFIE) solver for analyzing scattering from electrically large, perfect electrically conducting objects is presented. The proposed solver leverages the butterfly scheme to compress blocks of the hierarchical LU factorized discretized CFIE operator and uses randomized butterfly reconstruction schemes to expedite the factorization. The memory requirement and computational cost of the direct butterfly CFIE solver scale as <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$O(N\log {2}N) /tex math>/inline formula> and <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"$O(N^{1.5}\log N) /tex math>/inline formula> respectively. These scaling estimates permit significant memory and CPU savings when compared to those realized by low rank decomposition based solvers. The efficacy and accuracy of the proposed solver are demonstrated through its application to the analysis of scattering from canonical and realistic objects involving up to 14 million unknowns.
Hypothalamic neuropeptides and the regulation of appetite
Venue: Neuropharmacology
Year: 2012

Neuropeptides released by hypothalamic neurons play a major role in the regulation of feeding, acting both within the hypothalamus, and at other appetite regulating centres throughout the brain. Where classical neurotransmitters signal only within synapses, neuropeptides diffuse over greater distances affecting both nearby and distant neurons expressing the relevant receptors, which are often extrasynaptic. As well as triggering a behavioural output, neuropeptides also act as neuromodulators: altering the response of neurons to both neurotransmitters and circulating signals of nutrient status. The mechanisms of action of hypothalamic neuropeptides with established roles in feeding, including melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) the orexins, a melanocyte stimulating hormone (a MSH) agouti gene related protein (AgRP) neuropeptide Y, and oxytocin, are reviewed in this article, with emphasis laid on both their effects on appetite regulating centres throughout the brain, and on examining the evidence for their physiological roles. In addition, evidence for the involvement of several putative appetite regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides is assessed including, ghrelin, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide W and the galanin like peptides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central control of Food Intake'
15 Career (Proprietary) versus Noncareer (and Contract) Personnel
Year: 2016

This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages to employing full time career security personnel or noncareer employees drawn from part time workers or contract security services. No one type of employee is right for all situations; many companies can best be served by an appropriate blend of full and part time and in house and contract security personnel. Stability, loyalty, improved "local knowledge," superior pride and motivation, and the opportunity for better communications and training are advantages of career personnel. Disadvantages are increased costs, limited numbers, the attendant inflexibility of deployment, and potential problems of discipline and limited skill levels. Part timers are less costly, provide desirable flexibility in assignment, and allow management to draw from high caliber sources such as students and women available only on a part time basis, but part timers tend to lack the career employee's commitment to job and company. Contract services offer the benefits of cost savings, freedom to terminate services at any time, great flexibility both in manpower resources and in coverage of widely dispersed operations, and specialized skills; disadvantages include low paid personnel, high turnover rates, and a lower level of pride and motivation.
The Great Recession and Consumer Demand for Alcohol A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of U S Households September 25 2014
Year: 2014

For those looking to design policies that mitigate the deleterious consequences of alcohol abuse, understanding how consumer demand for alcohol responds to changes in the local economic conditions is of great importance. We use high frequency purchase data from a large panel of U.S. households between 2004 and 2011 to examine how alcohol demand changes over the business cycle in a dynamic panel data estimation framework. We find strong evidence that demand for packaged alcohol is procyclical. Changes in the state level unemployment rate and personal per capita income between the most recent business cycle peak and trough imply a 6.5% decrease in the demand for packaged alcohol (ethanol by volume) The results also show that the decline in alcohol expenditures is primarily due to a decrease in quantity rather than an overall decrease in the price per ounce of ethanol purchased. Moreover, we improve on the related literature methodologically by accounting for consumption dynamics, as long run demand for alcohol may differ from short run demand because of habit formation in the quantity and type of alcohol consumed. Our results also indicate that failing to account for consumption dynamics will tend to understate the long run association between macroeconomic conditions and alcohol demand.
Linear and logarithmic entanglement production in an interacting chaotic system.
Venue: Physical review. E
Year: 2020

We investigate entanglement growth for a pair of coupled kicked rotors. For weak coupling, the growth of the entanglement entropy is found to be initially linear followed by a logarithmic growth. We calculate analytically the time after which the entanglement entropy changes its profile, and a good agreement with the numerical result is found. We further show that the different regimes of entanglement growth are associated with different rates of energy growth displayed by a rotor. At a large time, energy grows diffusively, which is preceded by an intermediate dynamical localization. The time span of intermediate dynamical localization decreases with increasing coupling strength. We argue that the observed diffusive energy growth is the result of one rotor acting as an environment to the other, which destroys the coherence. We show that the decay of the coherence is initially exponential followed by a power law.
Measuring The Quality of Pedagogy Infrastructure in Web Based Instruction Using Learning Object Framework (LORI) to Promoting Student's Writing Skill in Indonesian Language Subject
Year: 2017

Promoting student's communication skill, particularly in writing, has been issue for the past decades. Some researches have been conducted to formulate the framework of learning environment which is developed to engage to describe the wuality and its characters of pedagogy infrastructures in web based instruction based on Learning Object framework. The pedagogy infrastructures involved (a) content quality, (b) learning goal alignment, (c) feedback and adaptation, (d) motivation, (e) presentation design, (f) interaction usability, (g) accesibility, (h) reusability, and (i) standard compliance. Research based design from secondary school (eight grade of Junior High School 4 Malang) are presented. Key results froom surveys to media reviewr, content reviewer, instructional design reviewer, and students are discussed. The results demonstrate that webbased instruction within writing skill lesso has been well received by students. The patform has been a key enabling students to engage into the learning process, even though this process involved only in individual learning. Consideration of the ther three important stakeholders including media, content, and design reviewer could significantly enrich the wuality of the infrastructures of web base dinstruction.