nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Controllable Urchin Like NiCo2S4 Microsphere Synergized with Sulfur Doped Graphene as Bifunctional Catalyst for Superior Rechargeable Zn Air Battery
Year: 2018

Rechargeable zinc air batteries (ZnABs) are attracting great interest due to their high theoretical specific energy, safety, and economic viability. However, their performance and large scale practical applications are largely limited by poor durability and high overpotential on the air cathode due to the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) Therefore, it is highly desired to exploit an ideal bifunctional catalyst to endow the obtained ZnABs with excellent ORR/OER catalytic performances. Herein, a new nonprecious metal bifunctional catalyst of urchin like NiCo2S4 microsphere synergized with sulfur doped graphene nanosheets (S GNS/NiCo2S4) is controllably designed and synthesized by simply tailoring the structure and electronic arrangement, which endow the as prepared catalyst with excellent electroactivity and long term durability toward ORR and OER. Importantly, ZnABs constructed by this outstanding catalyst exhibit high power density, small charge/discharge voltage gap, and excellent cycle stability, notably outperforming the more costly commercial Pt/C Ir/C mixture catalyst. These excellent electrocatalytic performances together with the simplicity of the synthetic method, make the urchin like NiCo2S4 microsphere/S GNS hybrid nanostructure exhibit great promise as a superior air cathode catalyst for high performance rechargeable ZnABs.
Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annually in men's professional football, since 2001: a 13 year longitudinal analysis of the UEFA Elite Club injury study
Venue: British Journal of Sports Medicine
Year: 2016

There are limited data on hamstring injury rates over time in football.  To analyse time trends in hamstring injury rates in male professional footballers over 13 consecutive seasons and to distinguish the relative contribution of training and match injuries. Methods 36 clubs from 12 European countries were followed between 2001 and 2014. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time loss injuries. Injuries per 1000 h were compared as a rate ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Injury burden was the number of lay off days per 1000 h. Seasonal trend for injury was analysed using linear regression.  A total of 1614 hamstring injuries were recorded; 22% of players sustained at least one hamstring injury during a season. The overall hamstring injury rate over the 13 year period was 1.20 injuries per 1000 h; the match injury rate (4.77) being 9 times higher than the training injury rate (0.51; RR 9.4; 95% CI 8.5 to 10.4) The time trend analysis showed an annual average 2.3% year on year increase in the total hamstring injury rate over the 13 year period (R2=0.431, b=0.023, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.041, p=0.015) This increase over time was most pronounced for training injuries these increased by 4.0% per year (R2=0.450, b=0.040, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.070, p=0.012) The average hamstring injury burden was 19.7 days per 1000 h (annual average increase 4.1% (R2=0.437, b=0.041, 95% CI 0.010 to 0.072, p=0.014)  Training related hamstring injury rates have increased substantially since 2001 but match related injury rates have remained stable. The challenge is for clubs to reduce training related hamstring injury rates without impairing match performance.
Model Predictive Control for Real Time Point to Point Trajectory Generation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering
Year: 2019

The problem of planning a trajectory for robots starting in an initial state and reaching a final state in a desired interval of time is tackled. We propose an approach based on model predictive control to solve the problem of point to point trajectory generation for a given final time. We discuss various choices of models, objective functions, and constraints for generating trajectories to transfer the state of the robot, while respecting physical limitations on the motion as well as fulfilling computational real time requirements. Extensive simulation results illustrate the use of the approach, and experiments on an industrial robot in a challenging ball catching task show the effectiveness of the approach also in demanding scenarios with real time constraints on the computation. Note to Practitioners This paper was motivated by the problem of generating movements to transfer a robot from its current state to a new position and velocity at a certain time, when the target state and the final time may require correction at a high rate. For example, for picking small objects from a conveyor belt with a variable feed rate, an off line planning would fail, since the motion has to be adjusted as soon as the speed is changed. Under the assumption that the desired pickup position and velocity and arrival time can be predicted, the approach in this paper is applicable. The movements can be optimized, for example, for energy efficiency or for reduction of vibrations in the robot. We discuss how to mathematically express the desired performance criteria and other requirements on the motion, such as not violating a maximum joint speed. Quick reactions to sensor inputs are computationally demanding. Thus, we limit ourselves to a class of motion generation problems that lends itself to numerical optimization. Additionally, we save computation power by gradually refining the motion.
Labile hemoglobin A1c: A factor affecting the estimation of glycated hemoglobin
Year: 2017

Labile hemoglobin A1c (also known as pre HbA1c or LA1c or pre glycohemoglobin) an unstable form, is a Schiff base formed during non enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin. The concentration of labile fraction varies with acute change in plasma glucose level. Labile hemoglobin A1c fraction cannot be separated from the stable ketoamine fraction by most of the methods available for estimation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) Though ion exchange HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography) method can separate the labile HbA1c fraction, but in some situation abnormally high level of this fraction may serve as a pre analytical error interfering in estimation of glycated hemoglobin. By focusing on the hemoglobin chromatogram, reporting of this pre analytical error can be minimized in HPLC method.
Development of a risk scoring system to evaluate the serosal invasion for macroscopic serosal invasion positive gastric cancer patients.
Venue: European journal of surgical oncology the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
Year: 2018

The status of serosal invasion is often discordance between pathological and intraoperative evaluation. Our study sought to develop a risk scoring system (RSS) to predict the probability of pT4a for macroscopic serosal invasion (MSI) positive patients and reevaluate the serosal invasion status.  A total of 1301 pT3/pT4a gastric cancer patients with curative surgery were reviewed. We constructed the RSS to predict the probability of pT4a and assigned MSI positive patients into different risk groups based on the risk scores. The prognostic significance of these risk groups was also evaluated.  Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that tumor location, Lauren type, Borrmann type, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion and pN stage were risk factors related to pT4a. Survival analyses showed that pT3 MSI positive patients in high risk group had similar survival with pT4a patients. We incorporated these two groups into one stage and proposed a novel revised T stage. Two step multivariate analyses indicated that the revised T stage showed better prediction ability for prognosis and peritoneal recurrence assessment than original pT stage and MSI status.  In our present study, we developed a RSS to predict the probability of pT4a for MSI positive patients. Based on our RSS, we proposed a treatment algorithm to reevaluate the tumor invasion for MSI positive patients in clinical practice. Future studies should include other preoperative predictors to improve the clinical utility of our model.
The Importance of Recruitment in Job Choice: A Different Way of Looking
Year: 2006

Recent literature reviews have called into question the impact of recruitment activities on applicants'job choices. However, most previous findings have been based on cross sectional ratings obtained immediately after initial screening interviews, thus raising questions about the degree to which prior conclusions are bound to that particular methodology. In contrast, the present study used longitudinal structured interviews to let job seekers explain, in their own words, how they made critical job search and choice decisions. Interview transcripts revealed that recruitment practices played a variety of roles in job seeker decisions. For example, consistent with signaling theory, subjects interpreted a wide variety of recruitment experiences (recruiter competence, sex composition of interview panels, recruitment delays) as symbolic of broader organizational characteristics. In addition, a number of "contingency" variables emerged that seemed to affect the perceived signaling value of recruitment experiences (e.g. prior knowledge of the company, functional area of the recruiter) Also notable were the strongly negative effects of recruitment delays, particularly among male students with higher grade point averages and greater job search success. Finally, our results suggest that certain applicant reactions may be systematically related to sex, work experience, grade point average, and search success. The article concludes with practical and research implications.
CDnet 2014: An Expanded Change Detection Benchmark Dataset
Venue: 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops
Year: 2014

Change detection is one of the most important lowlevel tasks in video analytics. In 2012, we introduced the changedetection.net (CDnet) benchmark, a video dataset devoted to the evalaution of change and motion detection approaches. Here, we present the latest release of the CDnet dataset, which includes 22 additional videos (70; 000 pixel wise annotated frames) spanning 5 new categories that incorporate challenges encountered in many surveillance settings. We describe these categories in detail and provide an overview of the results of more than a dozen methods submitted to the IEEE Change DetectionWorkshop 2014. We highlight strengths and weaknesses of these methods and identify remaining issues in change detection.
Fast intracellular dissolution and persistent cellular uptake of silver nanoparticles in CHO K1 cells: implication for cytotoxicity
Venue: Nanotoxicology
Year: 2015

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been reported both in vitro and in vivo. However, the intracellular stability and chemical state of Ag NPs are still not very well studied. In this work, we systematically investigated the cellular uptake pathways, intracellular dissolution and chemical species, and cytotoxicity of Ag NPs (15.9 7.6 nm) in Chinese hamster ovary cell subclone K1 cells, a cell line recommended by the OECD for genotoxicity studies. Quantification of intracellular nanoparticle uptake and ion release was performed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. X ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was employed to assess the chemical state of intracellular silver. The toxic potential of Ag NPs and Ag+ was evaluated by cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and live dead cell staining. The results suggest that cellular uptake of Ag NPs involves lipid raft mediated endocytosis and energy independent diffusion. The degradation study shows that Ag NPs taken up into cells dissolved quickly and XANES results directly indicated that the internalized Ag was oxidized to Ag O species and then stabilized in silver sulfur (Ag S bonds within the cells. Subsequent cytotoxicity studies show that Ag NPs decrease cell viability and increase ROS production. Pre incubation with N acetyl l cysteine, an efficient antioxidant and Ag+ chelator, diminished the cytotoxicity caused by Ag NPs or Ag+ exposure. Our study suggests that the cytotoxicity mechanism of Ag NPs is related to the intracellular release of silver ions, followed by their binding to SH groups, presumably coming from amino acids or proteins, and affecting protein functions and the antioxidant defense system of cells.
Adjoint Sensitivity of North Pacific Atmospheric River Forecasts
Venue: Monthly Weather Review
Year: 2019

The initial state sensitivity and optimal perturbation growth for 24 and 36 h forecasts of low level kinetic energy and precipitation over California during a series of atmospheric river (AR) events that took place in early 2017 are explored using adjoint based tools from the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) This time period was part of the record breaking winter of 2016 17 in which several high impact ARs made landfall in California. The adjoint sensitivity indicates that both low level winds and precipitation are most sensitive to mid to lower tropospheric perturbations in the initial state in and near the ARs. A case study indicates that the optimal moist perturbations occur most typically along the subsaturated edges of the ARs, in a warm conveyor belt region. The sensitivity to moisture is largest, followed by temperature and winds. A 1 g kg 1 perturbation to moisture may elicit twice as large a response in kinetic energy and precipitation as a 1 m s 1 perturbation to the zonal or meridional wind. In an average sense, the sensitivity and related optimal perturbations are very similar for the kinetic energy and precipitation response functions. However, on a case by case basis, differences in the sensitivity magnitude and optimal perturbation structures result in substantially different forecast perturbations, suggesting that optimal adaptive observing strategies should be metric dependent. While the nonlinear evolved perturbations are usually smaller (by about 20% on average) than the expected linear perturbations, the optimal perturbations are still capable of producing rapid nonlinear perturbation growth. The positive correlation between sensitivity magnitude and wind speed forecast error or precipitation forecast differences supports the relevance of adjoint based calculations for predictability studies.
Organic fertilizer as a vehicle for the entry of microplastic into the environment
Venue: Science Advances
Year: 2018

Organic fertilizer from recycled biowaste was identified as a vehicle for entry of microplastic particles into the environment. The contamination of the environment with microplastic, defined as particles smaller than 5 mm, has emerged as a global challenge because it may pose risks to biota and public health. Current research focuses predominantly on aquatic systems, whereas comparatively little is known regarding the sources, pathways, and possible accumulation of plastic particles in terrestrial ecosystems. We investigated the potential of organic fertilizers from biowaste fermentation and composting as an entry path for microplastic particles into the environment. Particles were classified by size and identified by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All fertilizer samples from plants converting biowaste contained plastic particles, but amounts differed significantly with substrate pretreatment, plant, and waste (for example, household versus commerce) type. In contrast, digestates from agricultural energy crop digesters tested for comparison contained only isolated particles, if any. Among the most abundant synthetic polymers observed were those used for common consumer products. Our results indicate that depending on pretreatment, organic fertilizers from biowaste fermentation and composting, as applied in agriculture and gardening worldwide, are a neglected source of microplastic in the environment.
Mean Variance Optimization Using Forward Looking Return Estimates
Year: 2017

Despite its theoretical appeal, Markowitz mean variance portfolio optimization is plagued by practical issues. It is especially difficult to obtain reliable estimates of a stock's expected return. Recent research has therefore focused on minimum volatility portfolio optimization, which implicitly assumes that expected returns for all assets are equal. We argue that investors are better off using the implied cost of capital based on analysts' earnings forecasts as a forward looking return estimate. Correcting for predictable analyst forecast errors, we demonstrate that mean variance optimized portfolios based on these estimates outperform on both an absolute and a risk adjusted basis the minimum volatility portfolio as well as naive benchmarks, such as the value weighted and equally weighted market portfolio. The results continue to hold when extending the sample to international markets, using different methods for estimating the forward looking return, including transaction costs, and using different optimization constraints.
[Therapy and Rehabilitation of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Different Treatment Adherence]
Venue: Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic]
Year: 2016

The pulmonary tuberculosis process as dependent on the disease form and the therapy efficacy with the use of Cycloferon in the treatment scheme were investigated. The study had two stages. At the first stage the data concerning 358 patients with primary pulmonary tuberculosis and infiltration (93 patients) or degradation (89 patients) and 176 patients with pulmonary fibrocavernous tuberculosis were analysed. At the second stage the efficacy of the treatment schemes applied to the patients with pulmonary fibrocavernous tuberculosis was compared. The etiotropic therapy intensive phase was applied to all the patients. Moreover, 56 patients (group 1) under the therapy and rehabilitatinon were treated with Cycloferon in a dose of 0.25 administered intramuscularly twice a week (not less than 16 injections for the course) 60 patients (group 2) were treated with Omega 3, 30 patients (group 3) were given the standard complex (vitamins and tonics) 30 patients (group 4) were under the etiotropic therapy alone. The following additional factors promoting progression and aggravation of the tuberculosis process were confirmed: degradation at the time of the disease diagnosis, high resistance of the pathogen to antituberculosis drugs, low adherence to the treatment, social desadaptation and especially psychofunctional state of the patients. The use of Cycloferon in the schemes of the intensive phase treatment of the primary fibrocavernous tuberculosis resulted in reduction of the intoxication signs, bacteria isolation, positive dynamics of the cavity healing, lower lung infiltration and consequently high frequency of the treatment positive outcomes (94.1 3.33%
A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis with the Accord.NET Framework
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2012

This document aims to clarify frequent questions on using the Accord.NET Framework to perform statistical analyses. Here, we reproduce all steps of the famous Lindsay's Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis, in an attempt to give the reader a complete hands on overview on the framework's basics while also discussing some of the results and sources of divergence between the results generated by Accord.NET and by other software packages.
The effect of e retailers' innovations on shoppers' impulsiveness and addiction in web based communities: the case of Amazon's Prime Now
Year: 2019

In the era of exponential growth of online shopping, e commerce has accelerated consumers' shift from offline to online shopping, specifically in the FMCG industry. In 2015, Amazon launched the Amazon Prime Now service based on same day delivery. The research objective is to understand the implications of this ordering tool on the consumer journey from the shopper web based community, the retailer and brand perspectives. In order to investigate the usage of Amazon Prime Now and its impact on the overall consumer journey, a survey was devised and completed by 25 Prime users who reside in the UK. The findings show that clients' gratification is due to the outstanding customer service Amazon offers, which as a result established a trust and love relationship with the retailer. Moreover, the findings show that while the minimum order fees have reduced shoppers' impulsive behaviour in web based communities, an overall addiction toward the use of Amazon Prime Now was taking place.
La quantite contre la qualite Des professionnels de l'emploi entre esprit gestionnaire et relation de service
Year: 2017

This article explores the links and areas of tension between performance measuring policies and the quality of employment support provided, as defined in the practices and discourse of those working for public employment services, in both France and French speaking Belgium. The aim is to show that the management of the work of the employment intermediaries? work using measurement indicators gives rise to sometimes clandestine practices of compliance with the statistical performance of their work. But similarly, the excesses of quantification practices viewed as unreasonable or harmful to their professional ethos push some of them to act contrary to this management spirit, focusing instead on the interests of the job seeker and taking into account the quality of the jobs available, trends that are detected in both countries studied.
A risk based approach for the assessment of natural hazards in the UAE
Year: 2013

Civil developments have raised the necessity for conducting natural hazards risk assessment. This study employs the method of risk matrix applied on natural hazards for seismic, flooding and tsunami. In addition to the former hazards, Dust Sand Storms "DSS" and climate change have been assessed in a form of context discussion. DSS assessment in particular is a vital element in terms of evaluating the natural hazards. This issue is unique and site specific for the UAE. The screening of a variety of information from different advanced countries identified that they do not consider DSS within their risk assessments. This study has been conducted using mainly the risk matrix as the primary assessment tool combining the probability of occurrences and severity. Several risk matrices are developed to accumulate all historical, scientific and other global data that is used for the comparison of risk levels between the UAE and the rest of the world. In this work, the susceptibility of regions to natural hazards has been taken into account under the aspects of historical events recorded with respect to the geographical location. Vulnerable regions are represented through hazard maps as a result of the risk assessment. The overall outputs show encouraging results in some regions of the UAE. Although the assessment presents lower risk regions, it should be emphasized that minimizing the uncertainty by acquiring more historical data is required.