nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Isolation and Loneliness: Prospective Associations With Functional Status in Older Adults
Venue: Health psychology official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Year: 2017

The present analysis aimed to examine the associations of isolation and loneliness, individually as well as simultaneously, with 2 measures of functional status (gait speed and difficulties in activities of daily living) in older adults over a 6 year period using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and to assess if these associations differ by SES.  Loneliness was measured using the short form of the Revised UCLA scale, and an index of social isolation was computed incorporating marital status; frequency of contact with friends, family, and children; and participation in social activities. Measures of functional status were assessed identically at baseline and 6 years later for 3070 participants (mean age 69 years) Wealth was used as an indicator of SES.  In fully and mutually adjusted models, social isolation and loneliness were found to be associated with a decrease in gait speed at follow up, with stronger effects among more disadvantaged individuals. Loneliness was associated with an increase in difficulties with activities of daily living.  Isolation and loneliness were adversely associated with different aspects of functional status. Interventions to reduce isolation and loneliness may be particularly beneficial for individuals in disadvantaged groups.
The Psychology of Cultural Dynamics: What Is It, What Do We Know, and What Is Yet to Be Known?
Venue: Annual review of psychology
Year: 2019

The psychology of cultural dynamics is the psychological investigation of the formation, maintenance, and transformation of culture over time. This article maps out the terrain, reviews the existing literature, and points out potential future directions of this research. It is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on micro cultural dynamics, which refers to the social and psychological processes that contribute to the dissemination and retention of cultural information. The second part, on micro macro dynamics, investigates how micro level processes give rise to macro cultural dynamics. The third part focuses on macro cultural dynamics, referring to the distribution and long term trends involving cultural information in a population, which in turn enable and constrain the micro level processes. We conclude the review with a consideration of future directions, suggesting behavior change research as translational research on cultural dynamics.
Identification of Areas at Increased Risk of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Occurrence in Commercial Poultry in Poland.
Venue: Avian diseases
Year: 2019

The objective of the study was to identify the areas at increased risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurrence in commercial poultry in Poland. To identify the risk factors related to the occurrence of HPAI outbreaks, the opinions of Polish experts were combined with literature driven knowledge. The relative impact of each risk factor was determined using a multicriteria decision analysis approach. The applied model suggests that the greatest risk of HPAI occurrence is concentrated in several counties in the eastern, western, and central parts of the country. The most influential risk actors responsible for HPAI occurrence in Poland included waterfowl density and proximity to waterbodies. The model had a high predictive value (area under the curve 0.78) The developed spatial risk assessment of HPAI occurrence provides a valuable source of information for risk managers and can contribute to early detection of potential outbreaks of HPAI in poultry.
Laser coated CoFeNiCrAlTi high entropy alloy onto a H13 steel die head
Year: 2020

High entropy alloys (HEA) offer the unique ability to tailor specific properties, such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance, for specific industrial applications. The purpose of this paper is to examine HEAs' ability to extend the life of forge punch die heads used in the forging industry. When a die head begins to crack or wear near the end of its fatigue life, it will either be repaired or discarded. The focus of our study is on the repair aspect of a damaged die head by laser coating. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of an HEA (CoNiFeCrAlTi) which is laser coated onto a damaged H13 steel die head. We determine the optimum coating condition by varying the laser fluence. We present the method used to select the HEA and the processing parameters during the laser coating process. We examine the resulting surface and its elemental composition using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively, as well as its mechanical strength via Vickers hardness testing. Once the optimal laser coating parameters were determined, a damaged H13 steel die head was resurfaced then laser coated with a CoNiFeCrAlTi HEA and put into service, where we show that this repair method provides significant improvement in die head life.
Device capable of enhancing water molecule resonance
Year: 2014

The invention relates to a device capable of enhancing water molecule resonance. The device comprises an inversed cone shaped sleeve body and a light source, wherein an inner cavity of the inversed cone shaped sleeve body is filled with a benzene polymer; at least two pairs of annular ribs are arranged on the peripheral part of the sleeve body along the axial direction; an electromagnetic coil is embedded into an annular groove between each pair of annular ribs; and the light source is arranged above the sleeve body. According to the device capable of enhancing water molecule resonance, resonance is generated by emitting a molecular resonance wave, thus the energy of water is increased; water is activated; the viscosity of the activated water is reduced; the water is beneficial to entering human cells to neutralize free radicals; cell absorption and balance of acidity and alkalinity of a human body are facilitated; meanwhile, plant growth can also be promoted; and bacterial content in water is lowered.
Document Image Binarization Using Dual Discriminator Generative Adversarial Networks
Venue: IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Year: 2020

For document image analysis, image binarization is an important preprocessing step. Also, binarization can help in improving the readability of old and historical manuscripts. Such documents are generally degraded due to various reasons such as bleed through, faded ink, or stains. Achieving good binarization performance on these documents is a challenging task. In this letter, a deep learning based model for document image binarization has been proposed, comprising a Dual Discriminator Generative Adversarial Network (DD GAN) which uses Focal Loss as generator loss. The DD GAN consists of two discriminator networks one looks for the global similarity i.e. on the whole image, and another one explores the image in small patches i.e. local similarity. At the final stage, simple thresholding is performed on the generated images. The method has been tested on five recent DIBCO datasets. It has been found that the method is robust and it provides results comparable with state of the art methods. The code for this letter is available at https:/github.com/anuran Chakraborty/BinarizationDualDiscriminatorGAN.
Semi supervised EM Weak Supervision in Anomaly Detection CS229 Project Report
Year: 2019

Anomaly Detection from an unlabeled high dimensional dataset is a challenge in an unsupervised setup. Building models with a k dimensional dataset(out of n dimensional original feature set) under the assumption that the low kdimensional subspace captures the variability in the data might affect the accuracy of model learning in the later phase. We analyzed NSL KDD20% dataset[1] an improved version of UCI archive KDDCUP'99 network anomaly data using unsupervised and semi supervised Expectation Maximization(EM) algorithms and observed how the choice of hyperparameters influences accuracy of the algorithm. In real world, intrusion detection and identification of security vulnerabilities within a network is an unsupervised problem. Since the ground truth(normal or attack) is available in this known dataset, the accuracy of different learning methods is compared against the ground truth. Apart from EM algorithm, we demonstrated weak supervision technique to label data with a few labelling functions by using snorkel[2] Our results suggest that by using only a few labeled data Semi Supervised EM(SSEM) uncovers distribution correctly, the log likelihood converges much faster and the mixture output maintains a stable data assignments. The results from Weak Supervision strongly suggest that a completely unlabeled dataset can be labeled with high accuracy using a sufficient number of labelling functions with accurate domain knowledge.
Mobility Aware Distributed Embedding (MADE) of virtual networks
Venue: 2010 Future Network Mobile Summit
Year: 2010

Network virtualisation has been recently presented as a mean to overcome the saturation of the current Internet by sharing the same infrastructure by different network operators. The efficient embedding of Virtual Networks in the physical substrate represents one of the main challenges associated to this technique, since it is necessary to set up a coordinated procedure to provide the requested set of resources in the most beneficial way. We propose a novel embedding protocol, designed in a distributed manner, and especially focused on solving the problems derived from the dynamicity of the nodes in mobile environments. Our Mobility Aware Distributed Embedding (MADE) protocol applies the well known Path Splitting and Migration techniques in order to optimize the use of the physical resources. A simulation based study lets us show the efficiency of our protocol and the good results in terms of acceptance and finalization of Virtual
Analisa Karakteristik Antena Mikrostrip Circular Patch Dengan Pencatu Inset Feed Untuk Mendeteksi Keretakan Logam
Year: 2019

Keretakan dapat dihasilkan oleh banyak faktor, proses fisik, dan proses kimia, seperti alkali dan korosi. Keretakan logam pada struktur bangunan dapat mengakibatkan kegagalan mekanik pada bangunan tersebut. Untuk menghindari kegagalan mekanik tersebut, perlu adanya alat untuk mendeteksi keretakan. Pada penelitian ini antena mikrostrip circular patch digunakan untuk mendeteksi keretakan yang bekerja pada frekuensi 1 GHz. Antena yang digunakan terdapat beberapa parameter yang telah ditetapkan. Parameter dari antena pada penelitian ini hanya frekuensi kerja, return loss, dan VSWR. Setelah antena sesuai dengan parameter, dilakukan pengujian karakteristik antena untuk mendeteksi keretakan. Keretakan pada pengujian diasumsikan dengan membuat slot. Ground plane antena pada pengujian diasumsikan sebagai plat logam. Terdapat 2 buah kondisi keretakan pada pengujian, yaitu keretakan di dalam patch dan di luar patch. Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan terjadi pergeseran frekuensi maksimum sebesar 9 MHz dari frekuensi normal antena. Untuk nilai return loss dan nilai VSWR rata rata lebih besar dari nilai return loss dan VSWR rancangan normal antena. Pada hasil pengujian, pergeseran frekuensi terjadi akibat adanya retakan. Antena Mikrostrip, Inset Feed Pendeteksi Keretakan, Pergeseran Frekuensi
Testing of a novel convex type solar absorber drying chamber in dehumidification process of municipal sewage sludge
Year: 2020

Each day high portion of municipal wastewater sludge is generated in cities and developing a suitable and environmentally friendly treatment technique for municipal wastewater is required. Providing a cost effective and suitable way for sewage sludge refinement with the purpose of reducing environmental impacts or reutilization of sewage sludge can be an important issue for researchers. In the present study, a novel convex type solar absorber assisted dryer has been designed for drying municipal sewage sludge. In the experimental setup, an unglazed single pass solar air collector has been used as main air heater and integrated to the drying conventional and modified drying chambers. Experimental and CFD simulation have been used to investigate the performance of fabricated solar energy assisted dryers. Also, the effectiveness of the developed system has been analyzed in various conditions to clarify the potential of fabricated dryers. According to the results utilizing convex solar absorber led to provide high air flow rate with high temperature inside the drying chamber and consequently shortened the drying time. Experimentally obtained average energy efficiency of the modified and conventional indirect solar drying system were in the range of 32.85 47.09% and 21.32 30.45% respectively. Moreover, the experimental results collected from CSD (conventional solar dryer) and CSASD (solar dryer with convex solar absorber) are also discussed in terms of R2, RMSE, RRMSE, MBE, and MAPE, and a very satisfying correlation between the systems CSD and CSASD is noticed with the statistical metrics. The findings of the present study demonstrate the potential of utilizing the designed dryers in drying municipal wastewater sludge.
Clustering with Size Constraints
Venue: Computational Intelligence Paradigms
Year: 2008

We consider the problem of partitioning a data set of n data objects into c homogeneous subsets or clusters (that is, data objects in the same subset should be similar to each other) with constraints on the number of data per cluster. The proposed techniques can be used for various purposes. If a set of items, jobs or customers has to be distributed among a limited number of resources and the workload for each resource shall be balanced, clusters of approximately the same size would be needed. If the resources have different capacities, then clusters of the corresponding sizes need to be found. We also extend our approach to avoid extremely small or large clusters in standard cluster analysis. Another extension offers a measure for comparing different prototype based clustring results.
Item Response Modeling of Multivariate Count Data With Zero Inflation, Maximum Inflation, and Heaping
Year: 2017

Questionnaires that include items eliciting count responses are becoming increasingly common in psychology. This study proposes methodological techniques to overcome some of the challenges associated with analyzing multivariate item response data that exhibit zero inflation, maximum inflation, and heaping at preferred digits. The modeling framework combines approaches from three literatures: item response theory (IRT) models for multivariate count data, latent variable models for heaping and extreme responding, and mixture IRT models. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System are used as a motivating example. Practical implications are discussed, and recommendations are provided for researchers who may wish to use count items on questionnaires.
SOLIDARITY in the Moral Imagination of Bioethics.
Venue: The Hastings Center report
Year: 2015

How important is the concept of solidarity in our society's calculus of consent as regards the legitimacy and ethical and political support for public health, health policy, and health services? By the term "calculus of consent," we refer to the answer that people give to rationalize and justify their obedience to laws, rules, and policies that benefit others. The calculus of consent answers questions such as, Why should I care? Why should I help? Why should I contribute to the public provision of others? Consent here does not have to be a deliberate, explicit act of informed agreement. And a calculus does not have to be a quantifiable, quasimathematical operation; more often, such a calculus takes narrative form in stories that a society tells about itself and that individuals tell about their place in it. One vital function of bioethics is to inform and shape those stories. Bioethics has the potential to offer society a keener insight into and perception of what is ethically at stake in controversies concerning health, science, and society. This insight is what we shall refer to as a "moral imagination," by which we do not mean make believe or fantasy but, rather, the capacity to take a critical distance from the given, to think reality otherwise. The moral imagination enables one to see connections between factors at work in history, in large social and communal structures, and in the shape of one's own life, thoughts, and feelings. Here we are especially concerned with the contribution that the concept of solidarity can make to the moral imagination of bioethics. We contend that solidarity must become more widely active and explicit in bioethics analysis and argumentation as it endeavors to shape reasons for obeying norms and rules of common benefit in an open, diverse society.
A PRECIOUS HERB GMELINA ARBOREA LINN. W.S.R TO ITS MEDICINAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Year: 2017

Traditional medicines play an important role in health services around the globe. About three quarter of the world population relies on plants and plant product for health care. Gmelina arborea Linn. an important medicinal plant is one of the most widely cultivated species of the family Verbenaceae It is commonly known as aEUR~ GambhariaEUR(tm) ,A the term actually used by tribal people of Bihar. It is one of the herb mentioned in all ancient literature of Ayurveda in diseases like ulcer, diarrhoea, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, vaginal discharge, piles, fever and varieties of ailments. It is highly valued from the immemorial because of its vast medicinal properties. Gambhari is a fast growing deciduous tree occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It is an essential component of Dashamula dravya (group of ten roots) and has been used for its valuable medicinal properties like Medhya (Intellect power) Keshya (Hair tonic) and Rasayana (Rejuvenator) Acharya Charaka mentioned Gambhari in Sothahara, Dahaprasamana, Virecanopaga mahakasaya and also explain its fruit as best among Rakta Sangrahaka and Raktapittahara. The roots,A fruits and the leaves of Gambhari have great medicinal value therefore traditionally it was widely used as anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti diabetic, anti aging, analgesic, diuretic, hepato protective and antiepileptic agent. The present article provides all necessary information regarding its classical literature, general introduction, medicinal uses of its roots, leaves, flowers, fruit, bark, and pharmacological studies conducted till date.
Determination of structural and damage detection system influencing parameters on the value of information
Year: 2020

A method to determine the influencing parameters of a structural and Damage Detection System (DDS) is proposed based on the Value of Information (VoI) analysis. The VoI analysis utilizes the Bayesian pre posterior decision theory to quantify the value of DDS for the structural integrity management during service life. First the influencing parameters of the structural system, such as deterioration type and rate are introduced for the performance of the prior probabilistic system model. Then the influencing parameters on the DDS performance, including number of sensors, sensor locations, measurement noise and the Type I error are investigated. The pre posterior probabilistic model is computed utilizing the Bayes' theorem to update the prior system model with the damage indication information. Finally, the value of DDS is quantified as the difference between the maximum utility obtained in pre posterior and prior analysis based on the decision tree analysis, comprising structural probabilistic models, consequences, as well as benefit and costs analysis associated with and without monitoring. With the developed approach, a case study on a statically determinate Pratt truss bridge girder is carried out to validate the method. The analysis shows that the deterioration rate is the most sensitive parameter on the effect of relative VoI over the whole service life. Furthermore, it shows that more sensors do not necessarily lead to a higher relative VoI; only specific sensor locations near the highest utilized components lead to a high relative VoI; measurement noise and the Type I error should be controlled and be as small as possible. An optimal sensor employment with highest relative VoI is found. Moreover, it is found that the proposed method can be a powerful tool to develop optimal service life maintenance strategies before implementation for similar bridges and to optimize the DDS settings and sensor configuration for minimum expected costs and risks.
Education and Research: A Symbiosis to Better Understand a Novel Coral Disease
Venue: Frontiers in Marine Science
Year: 2021

Ongoing ecological events, such as new and emerging diseases, provide an important platform for education and research. Field courses and undergraduate research projects can be critical to assisting students with learning scientific skills and career discernment as these experiences provide more one on one instruction and an immersive learning environment. A novel coral disease called "Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease" (SCTLD) provided one such opportunity. SCTLD is characterized by rapid progression with entire coral heads dying within 2 3 weeks after initial observation of the onset of symptoms. At a wider geographic scale, the disease has migrated with extreme velocity and has now been documented across the Caribbean from as far North as the Southeast Florida Reef Tract, as far South as St. Lucia, and as far West as Honduras and Belize. Here, I summarize what is currently known about SCTLD and document an educational field course that involved eight undergraduate students with visits to multiple locations along the Florida Keys Reef Tract during the disease progression in March 2019. Students were able to observe sites where SCTLD had been present for over 2 years and sites where the disease was only just emerging for observational comparison. Student educational outcomes from field trips and activities will be discussed. Current research and educational activities can interact to enhance each other, creating a positive feedback loop. Future directions for research, educational opportunities, and their interaction to accelerate understanding of this novel disease are discussed.