nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex symmetric Hamiltonians and exceptional points of order four and five
Year: 2018

In the broad context of physics ranging from classical experimental optics to quantum mechanics of unitary as well as non unitary systems there emerge interesting phenomena related to the presence of the so called Kato's exceptional points in the space of parameters. An elementary linear algebraic method of their localization is proposed and applied to the class of tridiagonal $N$ by $N$ complex symmetric toy model generators of evolution $H=H(\gamma) The implementation of the method is shown to provide new models with the exceptional points \gamma=\gamma^(EP) of higher orders. Two distinct areas of applicability are expected to lie (1) in quantum mechanics of non Hermitian (open as well as closed) systems, and (2) in the experiments using the coupled classical optical waveguides simulating the EP related effects in the laboratory.
A Meta Analysis of Use of Serious Games in Education over a Decade
Year: 2019

It seems necessary to review the literature to explore the effectiveness of serious games in education, since the number of studies on serious games is surging up. This study systematically reviewed the literature within around a recent decade. The trend of the number of publications related to use of serious games in education was firstly clarified based on the data retrieved from major databases. Secondly, various factors were determined that influenced the effect of serious game assisted learning. The major section identified both advantages and disadvantages of use of serious games in education. Use of serious games in medical science has been rising in a recent decade, which is thus highlighted in this study. Attitudes toward use of serious games in education were explored, as well as the new development of use of serious games in education. Future theoretical and practical exploration might need interdisciplinary cooperation.
Reproducible research into human chemical communication by cues and pheromones: learning from psychology's renaissance
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Year: 2020

Despite the lack of evidence that the 'putative human pheromones' androstadienone and estratetraenol ever were pheromones, almost 60 studies have claimed 'significant' results. These are quite possibly false positives and can be best seen as potential examples of the 'reproducibility crisis' sadly common in the rest of the life and biomedical sciences, which has many instances of whole fields based on false positives. Experiments on the effects of olfactory cues on human behaviour are also at risk of false positives because they look for subtle effects but use small sample sizes. Research on human chemical communication, much of it falling within psychology, would benefit from vigorously adopting the proposals made by psychologists to enable better, more reliable science, with an emphasis on enhancing reproducibility. A key change is the adoption of study pre registration and/or Registered Reports which will also reduce publication bias. As we are mammals, and chemical communication is important to other mammals, it is likely that chemical cues are important in our behaviour and that humans may have pheromones, but new approaches will be needed to reliably demonstrate them. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Olfactory communication in humans'
Design Engineering, Synthesis Protocols, and Energy Applications of MOF Derived Electrocatalysts
Venue: Nano micro letters
Year: 2021

Synthesis protocols, design engineering, theoretical calculations, and energy applications for metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derived electrocatalysts are systematically analyzed. Synthesizing methods of MOF derived catalysts and their oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysis are discussed. The current status, ongoing challenges, and potential future outlooks of MOFs derived electrocatalysts are highlighted. The core reactions for fuel cells, rechargeable metal air batteries, and hydrogen fuel production are the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which are heavily dependent on the efficiency of electrocatalysts. Enormous attempts have previously been devoted in non noble electrocatalysts born out of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for ORR, OER, and HER applications, due to the following advantageous reasons: (i) The significant porosity eases the electrolyte diffusion; (ii) the supreme catalyst electrolyte contact area enhances the diffusion efficiency; and (iii) the electronic conductivity can be extensively increased owing to the unique construction block subunits for MOFs derived electrocatalysis. Herein, the recent progress of MOFs derived electrocatalysts including synthesis protocols, design engineering, DFT calculations roles, and energy applications is discussed and reviewed. It can be concluded that the elevated ORR, OER, and HER performances are attributed to an advantageously well designed high porosity structure, significant surface area, and plentiful active centers. Furthermore, the perspectives of MOF derived electrocatalysts for the ORR, OER, and HER are presented.
Massive MIMO Meets HetNet: Interference Coordination Through Spatial Blanking
Venue: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Year: 2015

In this paper, we study the downlink performance of a heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet) where both macro and small cells share the same spectrum and hence interfere with each other. We assume that the users are concentrated at certain areas in the cell, i.e. they form hotspots. While some of the hotspots are assumed to have a small cell in their vicinity, the others are directly served by the macrocell. Due to a relatively small area of each hotspot, the users lying in a particular hotspot appear to be almost co located to the macrocells, which are typically deployed at some elevation. We assume a large number of antennas at the macrocell relative to the number of users simultaneously served. In this "massive MIMO" regime, the channel vectors become highly directional. We exploit this directionality in the channel vectors to obtain spatial blanking, i.e. concentrating transmission energy only in certain directions while creating transmission opportunities for the small cells lying in the other directions. In addition to this inherent interference suppression, we also develop three low complexity interference coordination strategies: turn off small cells based on the amount of cross tier interference they receive or cause to the scheduled macrocell hotspots; schedule hotspots such that treating interference as noise is approximately optimal for the resulting Gaussian interference channel; and offload some of the macrocell hotspots to nearby small cells to improve throughput fairness across all hotspots. For all these schemes, we study the relative merits and demerits of uniform deployment of small cells vs. deploying more small cells towards the cell center or the cell edge.
Beyond the 'String of Pearls' is there really a Sino Indian security dilemma in the Indian Ocean?
Year: 2014

The article will ask whether Sino Indian strategic competition in the Indian Ocean should be properly understood through the lens of a security dilemma. It examines the strategic positions of India and China in the Indian Ocean and concludes that India has an overwhelming strategic advantage that China cannot realistically mitigate in the foreseeable future. This advantage precludes any real security dilemma arising between them. In fact, both China and India have good reasons to keep strategic competition under control while they each broaden their regional influence.
The moderating role of risk management in project planning and project success: Evidence from construction businesses of Pakistan and the UK
Venue: Engineering Management in Production and Services
Year: 2019

This comparative study examines the moderating role of risk management in project planning and project success in the construction business of the UK and Pakistan. The data was gathered from 152 project managers (76 from both economies each) using a survey questionnaire. The purposive sampling technique was used to ensure fair representation of sample size and the RAND formula was used to select the project managers. For quantitative analysis, partial least square structural equation modelling technique was utilised. The results confirmed that project planning had a statistically significant impact on project success. Furthermore, risk management significantly moderated the relationship between project planning and project success in the construction businesses despite being in two different economies. The paper contributes to the enhancement of the body of knowledge intended for global companies and academicians aiming to implement risk management frameworks to enhance project success and ensure the effectiveness of project planning in a competitive business environment. It offers a new perspective to investigate the relationship between project planning and project success through moderating the effect of risk management, which is a new theoretical dimension for construction business and the field of project management. It is proposed to the governments and construction businesses operating in the UK and Pakistan to validate the empirical research framework in the cross cultural context while assessing risk and uncertainty. It helps the construction business in the evaluation of risk while planning and successfully implementing project strategies.
EFFECT OF FRICTION STIR WELDING PROCESS PARAMETERS AND POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF AA6061 O ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Venue: Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Year: 2019

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of rotation and welding speeds as well as the T4 and T6 post weld heat treatments (PWHT) on the corrosion behavior of AA6061 O aluminum plates joined using friction stir welding (FSW) The corrosion properties of welded joints were studied by Potentiodynamic polarization and Immersion tests. The results showed that both T4 and T6 PWHT improves the corrosion resistance of stirred zones compared to base alloy. However, joints of T4 showed lower corrosion resistance compared to T6. Increasing welding speed or reducing rotation speed increased the corrosion resistance of joints.
Stress analysis of composite spur gear using ansys workbench
Year: 2020

A spur Gear is in working condition subjected to stresses, which causes failure of teeth. Due to this performance of gear affected and power transmitting capacity decreases. To overcome this problem, it is essential to find out any other material which will improve the performance of spur gears. In this present paper, stress analysis have done with replacing aluminum alloy gear with new composite material using Ansys workbench. For this the marine application has taken for design and model of spur gear is carried out in Solid works 2016. When a pair of spur gear tooth is considered, it is generally subjected to two cases of cyclic stress: contact stress and bending stress. It is not possible to reach both stress to their maximum values at the same point of contact fatigue. So, in many applications such as aerospace, automotive, marine to minimize this type of failure, analysis is carried out in the design stage and on the basis of results modifying tooth surfaces or production method. From this analysis, it is concluded that stress values for the new composite material have indicated lesser than aluminum alloy. So, it is better to use this composite material spur gear for the marine applications.
Spectral Analysis of Signals
Year: 2018

The process of determining the frequency contents of a continuous time signal in the discrete time domain is known as spectral analysis. Most of the phenomena that occur in nature can be characterized statistically by random processes. Hence, the main objective of spectral analysis is the determination of the power spectrum density (PSD) of a random process. The power is the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation sequence of a stationary random process. The PSD is a function that plays a fundamental role in the analysis of stationary random processes in that it quantifies the distribution of the total power as a function of frequency. The power spectrum also plays an important role in detection, tracking, and classification of periodic or narrowband processes buried in noise. Other applications of spectrum estimation include harmonic analysis and prediction, time series extrapolation and interpolation, spectral smoothing, bandwidth compression, beam forming, and direction finding. The estimation of the PSD is based on a set of observed data samples from the process. Estimating the power spectrum is equivalent to estimating the autocorrelation. This chapter deals with the nonparametric methods, parametric methods, and subspace methods for power spectrum estimation. Further, the spectrogram computation of non stationary signals using STFT is also briefly discussed in this chapter.
The FinSBD 2019 Shared Task: Sentence Boundary Detection in PDF Noisy Text in the Financial Domain
Year: 2019

In this paper, we present the results and findings of The FinSBD 2019 Shared Task on Sentence boundary detection in PDF Noisy text in the Financial Domain. This shared task was organized as part of The First Workshop on Financial Technology and Natural Language Processing (FinNLP) collocated with IJCAI2019. The shared task aimed at collecting systems for extracting well segmented sentences from Financial prospectuses by detecting and marking their beginning and ending boundaries. The FinSBD shared task is the first to target the task of sentence boundary detection in the domain of Finance. A total of 9 teams from 7 countries participated in the shared task with a variety of systems and techniques.
VEGF 165b in the developing vasculatures of the fetal human eye
Venue: Developmental dynamics an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
Year: 2012

VEGF165b is an anti angiogenic form of VEGF165 produced by alternative splicing. The localization of pro angiogenic VEGF165 and anti angiogenic VEGF165b was investigated during development of the vasculatures in fetal human eyes from 7 to 21 weeks gestation (WG) The fetal vasculature of vitreous, which includes tunica vasculosa lentis (TVL) had moderate VEGF165 immunoreactivity at 7WG and very little VEGF165b. Both forms were elevated at 12WG. VEGF165 then decreased around 17WG when the TVL regresses but VEGF165b remained elevated. In choroid, VEGF165 was present in forming choriocapillaris (CC) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) at 7WG while VEGF165b was present in CC and mesenchymal precursors within the choroidal stroma. By 21WG, both forms were elevated in RPE and choroidal blood vessels but VEGF165b was apical and VEGF165 basal in RPE. Diffuse VEGF165 immunoreactivity was prominent in 12WG innermost retina where blood vessels will form while VEGF165b was present in most CXCR4+ progenitors in the inner neuroblastic layer and migrating angioblasts in the putative nerve fiber layer. By 21WG, VEGF165 was present in nerve fibers and VEGF165b in the inner Muller cell process. The localization of VEGF165b was distinctly different from VEGF165 both spatially and temporally and it was often associated with nucleus in progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 241:595 607, 2012.
Interets techniques et economiques du traitement membranaire en vue du recyclage
Year: 2007

Le recyclage des eaux usees est aujourd'hui une realite dans toutes les zones geographiques du monde avec pour principaux leaders l'Australie, l'Amerique du Nord et l'Espagne. En Australie par exemple, 15 de l'eau consommee sont deja de l'eau recyclee. Les reglementations (OMS, USEPA, nationales) sont multiples mais elles ne coouvrent pas l'ensemble des usages potentiels et constituent par consequent un frein au developpement du recyclage, en particulier en France. L'elimination des micro organismes et la maitrise du risque sanitaire est la priorite dans les diverses applications du recyclage des eaux usees avec des objectifs d'elimination des sels et/ou des micropolluants pour des usages industriels ou pour la production indirecte, voire directe d'eau potable. L'evolution du cout des technologies membranaires (investissement et exploitation) les situe aujourd'hui comme des etapes cles du recyclage des eaux usees. Les bioreacteurs a membranes (BAM) ou traitements tertiaires par microfiltration ou ultrafiltration sont les plus repandus avec des retours d'experience sur plus de 10 ans. Les resultats demontrent tout l'interet de ces technologies qui permettent d'eliminer les micro organismes pour le recyclage des eaux usees en irrigation sans restrictions, plus particulierement en milieu urbain, avec des couts tout a fait acceptables. L'affinage par osmose inverse derriere ces technologies fait deja l'objet de realisations a grande echelle notamment pour le recyclage en industrie (eau de refroidissement ou eau de process) mais aussi pour la recharge de retenues ou de nappes avec la production indirecte d'eau potable. L'elimination des micropolluants organiques peut ainsi etre assuree dans des conditions economiques competitives qui positionne favorablement le recyclage des eaux usees en particulier vis a vis du dessalement d'eaux de mer ou d'eaux saumatres. Il est toutefois definitivement admis que les conditions d'exploitation doivent etre parfaitement maitrisees pour assurer des performances de traitement et la longetivite des membranes qui constituent une garantie de resultat economique.
Dynamic behavior in fast burst reactor with three dimensional coupled multiphysics method
Year: 2018

In this paper, the neutronic and thermoelastic behaviors of prompt supercritical bursts in the fast burst reactor are numerically studied by developing a 3D coupled multiphysics FEM (finite element method) code FBR MPC based on the neutron transport theory for neutronics, thermal conduction equation for temperature and thermoelastic equations for displacement/stress. Because the feedback effect of core expansion on the neutronics can be accurately modeled by reforming the discretized element and changing the material density, the developed code is expected to be applicable for simulating the dynamic behaviors of all the bursts under controlled condition. To validate the developed code and obtain precise pictures of the dynamic behaviors, the slow, medium and fast bursts in the Godiva I reactor are investigated. The results show that the developed code can provide accurate results for all the three selected bursts. For the medium and fast bursts where the inertia effect is generated, the fission rate oscillation caused by the core vibration, which cannot be reproduced with the simplified models in early works, is first observed by using the developed FBR MPC code. Due to the small core expansion and short burst time, the point kinetic and adiabatic approximations are suitable for the neutronic and temperature calculations for all the three selected bursts. At the time of displacement wave crest, the stress concentration in the core central regions becomes more significant for faster bursts.
Reflectionon and Reconstruction of Testamentary Trust in China
Year: 2015

Testamentary trust as a way of heritagetreatment iswidely used in countries and regions around the world and has a positive social effect,but it lacks practice and development in China. Delay of legislation is the main restricting factor. It is imperative to improve the legislation for testamentary trust system for its effective use in China so that the established elements can be made explicitly,the trust property ownership can be determined,and the length of property duration can be limited.
Pay Attention to Convolution Filters: Towards Fast and Accurate Fine Grained Transfer Learning
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

We propose an efficient transfer learning method for adapting ImageNet pre trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to fine grained image classification task. Conventional transfer learning methods typically face the trade off between training time and accuracy. By adding "attention module" to each convolutional filters of the pre trained network, we are able to rank and adjust the importance of each convolutional signal in an end to end pipeline. In this report, we show our method can adapt a pre trianed ResNet50 for a fine grained transfer learning task within few epochs and achieve accuracy above conventional transfer learning methods and close to models trained from scratch. Our model also offer interpretable result because the rank of the convolutional signal shows which convolution channels are utilized and amplified to achieve better classification result, as well as which signal should be treated as noise for the specific transfer learning task, which could be pruned to lower model size.
When moving without volition: Implied self causation enhances binding strength between involuntary actions and effects
Venue: Consciousness and Cognition
Year: 2012

The conscious awareness of voluntary action is associated with systematic changes in time perception: The interval between actions and outcomes is experienced as compressed in time. Although this temporal binding is thought to result from voluntary movement and provides a window to the sense of agency, recent studies challenge this idea by demonstrating binding in involuntary movement. We offer a potential account for these findings by proposing that binding between involuntary actions and effects can occur when self causation is implied. Participants made temporal judgements concerning a key press and a tone, while they learned to consider themselves as the cause of the effect or not. Results showed that implied self causation (vs. no implied self causation) increased temporal binding. Since intrinsic motor cues of movement were absent, these results suggest that sensory evidence about the key press caused binding in retrospect and in line with the participant's sense of being an agent.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Computer Aided Detection: CNN Architectures, Dataset Characteristics and Transfer Learning
Venue: Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging
Year: 2016

Remarkable progress has been made in image recognition, primarily due to the availability of large scale annotated datasets and deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) CNNs enable learning data driven, highly representative, hierarchical image features from sufficient training data. However, obtaining datasets as comprehensively annotated as ImageNet in the medical imaging domain remains a challenge. There are currently three major techniques that successfully employ CNNs to medical image classification: training the CNN from scratch, using off the shelf pre trained CNN features, and conducting unsupervised CNN pre training with supervised fine tuning. Another effective method is transfer learning, i.e. fine tuning CNN models pre trained from natural image dataset to medical image tasks. In this paper, we exploit three important, but previously understudied factors of employing deep convolutional neural networks to computer aided detection problems. We first explore and evaluate different CNN architectures. The studied models contain 5 thousand to 160 million parameters, and vary in numbers of layers. We then evaluate the influence of dataset scale and spatial image context on performance. Finally, we examine when and why transfer learning from pre trained ImageNet (via fine tuning) can be useful. We study two specific computer aided detection (CADe) problems, namely thoraco abdominal lymph node (LN) detection and interstitial lung disease (ILD) classification. We achieve the state of the art performance on the mediastinal LN detection, and report the first five fold cross validation classification results on predicting axial CT slices with ILD categories. Our extensive empirical evaluation, CNN model analysis and valuable insights can be extended to the design of high performance CAD systems for other medical imaging tasks.