nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ROBERT: ROBust and privacy presERving proximity Tracing
Year: 2020

The main goal of proximity tracing mobile applications is to notify people that they have been in close proximity of COVID 19 virus carriers in the last X days even though the carriers who did not have symptoms and were not even tested at the time of interaction. Ensuring the highest data protection and security standards will encourage a quick and broad adoption by citizens. Any proposed solution should preserve user privacy, but should also be robust against attacks that aim at decreasing the performance or reliability of the system. A system that does not protect user privacy will not be accepted neither by the citizens nor by the Data Protection Authorities. A system that does not provide reliable results will just be useless. The challenge is to build a solution that is privacy preserving and robust against malicious users and "honest but curious" authorities at the same time. Although it might seem attractive in term of privacy to adopt a fully decentralized solution, such approaches face important challenges in term of security and robustness against malicious users  This document proposes a ROBust and privacy presERving proximity Tracing (ROBERT) scheme that relies on a federated server infrastructure and temporary anonymous identifiers with strong security and privacy guarantees. The ROBERT scheme is the result of a collaborative work between Inria and Fraunhofer AISEC, and a candidate proposal for the Pan European Privacy Preserving Proximity Tracing (PEPP PT) initiative. This proposal is not final and is subject to discussions, modifications and improvements.
Finite Element Analysis of Magnetic Field Problem With Open Boundary Using Infinite Edge Element
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Year: 2011

This paper proposes a novel effective method for open boundary problems by using the finite element method (FEM) with a new formulation of the infinite edge element. We developed the formulation of the infinite element by adopting the characteristic of conventional edge elements, resulting in a sparse and symmetric matrix. This proposed technique with the infinite edge element has the advantage of drastically reducing the computational burden with keeping the analyses' accuracy. Some numerical examples which demonstrate the validity of the proposed method are presented.
Partial replacement of red and blue by green light increases biomass and yield in tomato
Venue: Scientia Horticulturae
Year: 2019

Effects of green light on plant growth are relatively understudied, and published results are contradictory. Although per unit leaf area, green light drives photosynthesis less efficiently than does red light, on a whole plant level green light may increase growth due to changes in vertical light distribution, leaf light acclimation and canopy architecture. As most studies were conducted on small plants with compact stems, positive effects may have remained unnoticed. In a greenhouse experiment, a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop was exposed to 7, 20 or 39% of green light in a background of narrow bandwidth red and blue light, as well as sunlight, for 76 days. The intensity supplied by lamps (171 mmol m 2 s 1) and the red:blue ratio were similar between treatments. Adding green light +32% to the spectrum significantly and linearly increased plant biomass and yield +6.5% With increasing green light percentage, there were tendencies for linear increases in leaf biomass (P 0.06) specific leaf area (P 0.09) stem biomass (P 0.07) stem length (P 0.05) and number of internodes (P 0.05) In the top and middle leaf layers of the canopy, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and leaf thickness were unaffected by the treatment while in leaves in the middle leaf layer, chlorophyll a:b ratio and carotenoid concentrations increased with the percentage of green light. This study shows that partial replacement of red by green light increases growth of plants in dense canopies and suggests that the combined effects of a light spectrum on plant growth are more than the sum of wavelength effects on photosynthetic efficiency.
Parametric methods for probabilistic forecasting of solar irradiance
Year: 2018

This paper proposes two parametric probabilistic forecast methods using beta and two sided power distributions to predict solar irradiance. It also evaluates their performance. To improve their performance metrics a hybrid procedure based on the beta transformed linear opinion pool is utilized. Our simulations show that these methods despite their simple structure can effectively forecast solar irradiance and accurately describe its stochastic characteristics. The proposed approach is flexible and could be extended to many different point forecast methods which otherwise minimize RMSE or MSE.
Bringing sexy back: Reclaiming the body aesthetic via self shooting
Year: 2014

This paper is based on visual narrative analysis of cyber ethnographic material from a 2.5 year field research with 'not safe for work' [NSFW] bloggers and self shooters on tumblr.com. I use Koskela's concept of 'empowering exhibitionism' Waskul's 'erotic looking glass' and Foucault's 'technologies of the self' to analyze self shooting (taking photos of one self) Constricting societal norms of sexuality, body shape and body practices influence how my participants (N=20, 10 female, 9 male, 1 transgender, ages 21 51, average age 34) live their embodied and sexual lives. Through self shooting and by negotiating the community specific issues of control, power and the gaze, they are able to construct a new, empowered, embodied identity for themselves. I look at self shooting and selfie blogging as a practice of reclaiming control over one's embodied self AND over the body aesthetic, thus appropriating what is and is not 'sexy' The NSFW self shooting community offers a safe space otherwise so hard to find within the body/sexuality normative mainstream culture. This makes self shooting a collective therapeutic activity. In their self images participants construct themselves as 'beautiful' 'sexy' 'devious' 'more than just a mother and an employee' and as someone who 'likes their body instead of trying to not hate it' The technologies of the self activated through diaristic blogging and selfie sharing, along with the empowerment from interactions with peers take bloggers on a path of sexual awakening and reintroduce them to their own bodies.
Compressive sensing data reconstruction for structural health monitoring: a machine learning approach
Venue: Structural Health Monitoring
Year: 2019

Compressive sensing has been studied and applied in structural health monitoring for data acquisition and reconstruction, wireless data transmission, structural modal identification, and spare damage identification. The key issue in compressive sensing is finding the optimal solution for sparse optimization. In the past several years, many algorithms have been proposed in the field of applied mathematics. In this article, we propose a machine learning based approach to solve the compressive sensing data reconstruction problem. By treating a computation process as a data flow, the solving process of compressive sensing based data reconstruction is formalized into a standard supervised learning task. The prior knowledge, i.e. the basis matrix and the compressive sensing sampled signals, is used as the input and the target of the network; the basis coefficient matrix is embedded as the parameters of a certain layer; and the objective function of conventional compressive sensing is set as the loss function of the network. Regularized by l1 norm, these basis coefficients are optimized to reduce the error between the original compressive sensing sampled signals and the masked reconstructed signals with a common optimization algorithm. In addition, the proposed network is able to handle complex bases, such as a Fourier basis. Benefiting from the nature of a multi neuron layer, multiple signal channels can be reconstructed simultaneously. Meanwhile, the disassembled use of a large scale basis makes the method memory efficient. A numerical example of multiple sinusoidal waves and an example of field test wireless data from a suspension bridge are carried out to illustrate the data reconstruction ability of the proposed approach. The results show that high reconstruction accuracy can be obtained by the machine learning based approach. In addition, the parameters of the network have clear meanings; the inference of the mapping between input and output is fully transparent, making the compressive sensing data reconstruction neural network interpretable.
Malcontented Iago and Revenge Tragedy Conventions in Othello
Year: 2019

This essay argues for the inclusion of Othello within the set of revenge tragedies. Othello consistently deploys revenge tragedy tropes not by coincidence but as a result of the play's often overlooked genre conventions. Literary criticism has undertaken continued redefinition of the genre of Othello over several generations. In following Douglas Bruster's call for examination of the representation market in Elizabethan drama, I have highlighted several prominent, contemporary dramatic trends that are central to Othello. In writing Othello, Shakespeare draws upon the popularity of revenge tragedies and the figure of the Malcontent, thus creating in Iago a malcontented, revenging villain.
Strong localization induced anomalous temperature dependence exciton emission above 300 K from SnO2 quantum dots
Year: 2015

SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) are potential materials for deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting devices. In this study, we report the temperature and excitation power dependent exciton luminescence from SnO2 QDs. The exciton emission exhibits anomalous blue shift, accompanied with band width reduction with increasing temperature and excitation power above 300 K. The anomalous temperature dependences of the peak energy and band width are well interpreted by the strongly localized carrier thermal hopping process and Gaussian shape of band tails states, respectively. The localized wells and band tails at conduction minimum are considered to be induced by the surface oxygen defects and local potential fluctuation in SnO2 QDs.
Digitising the wisdom of our elders: connectedness through digital storytelling
Venue: Ageing and Society
Year: 2018

Digital storytelling provides older adults with an opportunity to become digital producers, connect with others through story and explore their life history. The authors report on the results of a digital storytelling project for older adults. The study investigated the experiences and perceived benefits of older adults who created digital stories during a ten week course and explored the reactions of story viewers to the digital stories they viewed during a special sharing event. Eighty eight older adult participants in Metro Vancouver who attended one of 13 courses offered were included in the study. Most of the participants were female and over half were immigrants. Results from the focus group interviews demonstrated a rich array of reported social and emotional benefits experienced through the process of creating a digital story within the course. Three main themes emerged: social connectedness through shared experience and story, reminiscence and reflecting on life, and creating a legacy. Viewers who attended a 'Sharing Our Stories' event reported that the stories were meaningful, well constructed and invoked a range of emotions. The researchers conclude that digital storytelling may help digital storytellers increase connectedness to others and to self. Additionally, this connectedness may extend over time through the process of examining the past to create a digital story that can serve as a legacy to connect to future generations.
A Survey of Routing Protocols in WBAN for Healthcare Applications
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2019

The emergence of wireless body area network (WBAN) technology has brought hope and dawn to solve the problems of population aging, various chronic diseases, and medical facility shortage. The increasing demand for real time applications in such networks, stimulates many research activities. Designing such a scheme of critical events while preserving the energy efficiency is a challenging task, due to the dynamic of the network topology, severe constraints on the power supply, and the limited computation power. The design of routing protocols becomes an essential part of WBANs and plays an important role in the communication stacks and has a significant impact on the network performance. In this paper, we briefly introduce WBAN and focus on the analysis of the routing protocol, classify, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various routing protocols. Lastly, we put forward some problems and suggestions, which provides ideas for the follow up routing design.
What is the Bereitschaftspotential?
Venue: Clinical Neurophysiology
Year: 2006

Since discovery of the slow negative electroencephalographic (EEG) activity preceding self initiated movement by Kornhuber and Deecke [Kornhuber HH, Deecke L. Hirnpotentialanderungen bei Willkurbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und reafferente Potentiale. Pflugers Archiv 1965;284:1 17] various source localization techniques in normal subjects and epicortical recording in epilepsy patients have disclosed the generator mechanisms of each identifiable component of movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) to some extent. The initial slow segment of BP, called 'early BP' in this article, begins about 2 s before the movement onset in the pre supplementary motor area (pre SMA) with no site specificity and in the SMA proper according to the somatotopic organization, and shortly thereafter in the lateral premotor cortex bilaterally with relatively clear somatotopy. About 400 ms before the movement onset, the steeper negative slope, called 'late BP' in this article (also referred to as NS' occurs in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex with precise somatotopy. These two phases of BP are differentially influenced by various factors, especially by complexity of the movement which enhances only the late BP. Event related desynchronization (ERD) of beta frequency EEG band before self initiated movements shows a different temporospatial pattern from that of the BP, suggesting different neuronal mechanisms for the two. BP has been applied for investigating pathophysiology of various movement disorders. Volitional motor inhibition or muscle relaxation is preceded by BP quite similar to that preceding voluntary muscle contraction. Since BP of typical waveforms and temporospatial pattern does not occur before organic involuntary movements, BP is used for detecting the participation of the 'voluntary motor system' in the generation of apparently involuntary movements in patients with psychogenic movement disorders. In view of Libet et al.'s report [Libet B, Gleason CA, Wright EW, Pearl DK. Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness potential) The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain 1983;106:623 642] that the awareness of intention to move occurred much later than the onset of BP, the early BP might reflect, physiologically, slowly increasing cortical excitability and, behaviorally, subconscious readiness for the forthcoming movement. Whether the late BP reflects conscious preparation for intended movement or not remains to be clarified.
Digital Threat and Vulnerability Management: The SVIDT Method
Year: 2017

The Digital Revolution is inducing major threats to many types of human systems. We present the SVIDT method (a Strengths, Vulnerability, and Intervention Assessment related to Digital Threats) for managing the vulnerabilities of human systems with respect to digital threats and changes. The method first performs a multilevel system actor analysis for assessing vulnerabilities and strengths with respect to digital threats. Then, the method identifies threat scenarios that may become real. By constructing, evaluating, and launching interventions against all identified digital threats and their critical negative outcomes, the resilience of a specific human system can be improved. The evaluation of interventions is done when strengthening the adaptive capacity, i.e. a system's capability to cope with negative outcomes that may take place in the future. The SVIDT method is embedded in the framework of coupled human environment systems, the theory of risk and vulnerability assessment, types of adaptation (assimilation vs. accommodation) and a comprehensive sustainability evaluation. The SVIDT method is exemplarily applied to an enterprise (i.e. a Swiss casino) for which online gaming has become an essential digital business field. The discussion reflects on the specifics of digital threats and discusses both the potential benefits and limitations of the SVIDT method.
Evaluation of statistical and machine learning models for time series prediction: Identifying the state of the art and the best conditions for the use of each model
Venue: Inf. Sci.
Year: 2019

The choice of the most promising algorithm to model and predict a particular phenomenon is one of the most prominent activities of the temporal data forecasting. Forecasting (or prediction) similarly to other data mining tasks, uses empirical evidence to select the most suitable model for a problem at hand since no modeling method can be considered as the best. However, according to our systematic literature review of the last decade, few scientific publications rigorously expose the benefits and limitations of the most popular algorithms for time series prediction. At the same time, there is a limited performance record of these models when applied to complex and highly nonlinear data. In this paper, we present one of the most extensive, impartial and comprehensible experimental evaluations ever done in the time series prediction field. From 95 datasets, we evaluate eleven predictors, seven parametric and four non parametric, employing two multi step ahead projection strategies and four performance evaluation measures. We report many lessons learned and recommendations concerning the advantages, drawbacks, and the best conditions for the use of each model. The results show that SARIMA is the only statistical method able to outperform, but without a statistical difference, the following machine learning algorithms: ANN, SVM, and kNN TSPI. However, such forecasting accuracy comes at the expense of a larger number of parameters. The evaluated datasets, as well detailed results achieved by different indexes as MSE, Theil's U coefficient, POCID, and a recently proposed multi criteria performance measure are available online in our repository. Such repository is another contribution of this paper since other researchers can replicate our results and evaluate their methods more rigorously. The findings of this study will impact further research on this topic since they provide a broad insight into models selection, parameters setting, evaluation measures, and experimental setup.
Nimesulide induced hepatotoxicity: A systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: PloS one
Year: 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the risk for hepatotoxicity with nimesulide, a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) available in Republic of Korea but withdrawn from the market in several countries.  A systematic review and meta analysis were conducted of studies retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, the Research Information Sharing Service and ClinicalTrials.gov up to September 2017. All studies reporting nimesulide associated hepatotoxicity in patients as compared with the unexposed or the exposed to other NSAIDs were included. Studies using spontaneous reporting databases were included to estimate reporting odds ratio (ROR) of hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide exposure. The association between nimesulide use and hepatotoxicity was estimated using relative risk (RR) and ROR with 95% confidence interval (CI) Results A total of 25 observational studies were eligible for review. In a meta analysis of five observational studies, nimesulide was significantly associated with hepatotoxicity [RR 2.21, 95% CI 1.72 2.83] From studies using spontaneous reporting databases (n 6) rates of reported hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in patients using nimesulide, compared with those treated with other NSAIDs [pooled ROR 3.99, 95% CI 2.86 5.57] Of a total of 33 patients from case studies and series, the majority (n 28, 84.8% were female, and the mean age standard deviation) was 56.8 15.6) years. Almost half of the patients on nimesulide (45.5% either required liver transplantation or died due to fulminant hepatic failure, of whom a third developed hepatotoxicity within less than 15 days of nimesulide administration.  Our study findings support previous reports of an increased risk for hepatotoxicity with nimesulide use and add to existing literature by providing risk estimates for nimesulide associated hepatotoxicity. As the limited number of studies with primarily observational study designs were included in the analysis, more studies are needed to further describe the effects of dose and length of treatment on the risk for hepatotoxicity.
Lessons on ethical healthcare communication from #MeToo movement
Venue: Journal of family medicine and primary care
Year: 2019

Dear Editor, We read with great interest the editorial on a contemporary issue "Physicians and healthcare professionals in the era of #MeToo' by Khubchandani et al.[1]The article is a crisp and succinct overview of recently highlighted but a perennial problem in many vocations. Healthcare system involves interpersonal interaction between adults with normal or sometimes altered mental status. The interaction, forming basis of the doctor patient relationship, exists across ethnic, sexual, and societal variables. The interaction may witness exchange of information that at times is personal and intimate. These dialogues may expose the vulnerability of either person if there exists an emotional involvement beyond the norm and code of standard protocol. The chances of one person taking advantage of the situation when emotions run high are pertinent. Healthcare system, by default, involves intricate and intimate human interaction in history taking, clinical examination, and treatment that sometimes require patients to shed inhibition and clothes. Palpation of certain organs and violating the personal space is an occupational demand. Societal and religious sentiments may also play a role in deciding a benign touch from inappropriate gesture. Hippocrates oath and various other codes of conduct condemn any extraprofessional relationship and forbid undue advances and misuse of trust.