nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Managerial discretion and agency cost in Indian market
Year: 2016

This paper investigates empirically the impact of managerial discretion on agency cost from the perspective of SG&A cost asymmetry and examines how corporate governance moderates this relationship. The analysis shows mixed evidence in favor for cost behavior and managerial choices in the Indian market. The cost asymmetry involves not only cost stickiness but also the anti sticky behavior of SG&A cost under certain circumstances. The main drivers for this disparity are owing to manager's resource adjustment decision, the future expectation of sales and managers' empire building behavior. Furthermore, findings suggest that strong corporate governance alleviates empire building behavior of managers. Additional analysis shows, the asymmetric behavior of SG&A cost in crisis period is mainly a result of managers' resource adjustment decision and future expectation of sales change. Manager's empire building behavior does not play an explicit role in this period. Next, the findings show that managers' discretion is influenced by future value creation potential of SG&A cost. Manager's empire building behavior is more pronounced in low value creation sample firms compared to high value creation sample. Thus, manager's choice for resource adjustment decision and empire building behavior changes according to the future value creation of SG&A cost, financial conditions and corporate governance mechanisms in Indian companies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed in Indian capital market where the SG&A cost asymmetry tests the managers' empire building behavior. Overall, findings of the study indicate manager's resource adjustment decisions and empire building behavior caused by their consideration and this results in a form of agency costs. In comparison with developed markets, Indian markets have relatively less agency problem due to managerial empire building behavior.
Performance Measurement Analysis of Palm Cooperative Cooperation with Using Balanced Scorecard
Year: 2018

This study aims to analyze the performance of Palm Oil Cooperative with Balanced Scorecard approach. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The data used are primary data in the form of Financial Report of Palm Oil Cooperative in North Sumatera. The population and samples used are some Palm Oil Cooperatives in North Sumatra. Analysis used with performance indicators Balanced Scorecard. The results show that the role of Financial Perspectives has a significant effect on the formation of the Fresh Fruit Bunch (TBS) Market Price mechanism. While the variable of Non Financial Perspectives has no significant effect to the formation of TBS Market Price mechanism. The significance of Financial Perspectives variables is caused by the Regulation variable as a moderating variable.
China: The Tibetan Plateau, Sanjiangyuan Region
Year: 2016

In Qinghai, China, on the Tibetan Plateau, is the Sanjiangyuan, or "Three Rivers Region." As the headwaters of three of the world's greatest rivers, it provides water to more than a billion people downstream, and at the source it includes some of the best snow leopard habitat in China. China is vital for the long term persistence of this species across its range, yet it is plagued by the specter of anthropogenic impact, none more imminent than increasing development, mining, and hydro projects. In the Sanjiangyuan, multistakeholder efforts among NGOs, universities, governments, and pastoralists have initiated a strong baseline of scientific and conservation work for snow leopards. However, because of significant shortcomings in biological, sociological, and political action, much effort is still needed to ensure the survival of this species. We can draw on lessons from giant panda conservation to make the charismatic, and enigmatic, snow leopard China's next conservation success.
Application of response surface methodology for modeling and optimization of spiral separator for processing of iron ore slime
Year: 2015

Spiral separator is widely used in mineral processing operation for concentrating different minerals and coal. The popularity of spiral separator is due to its simplicity, low operating cost and ease of operation. Spiral separator is generally operated in the size range of 2 mm to 45 mm to obtain high separation performance. However, its application to treat particles of size below 45 mm is not explored. In the present investigation, three factors three level Box Behnken design of experiments coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to understand the performance behavior of fine mineral spiral separator for separation of pre concentrated iron ore slime. Pre concentration of iron ore slime was done using hydrocyclone. Concentrate obtained from hydrocyclone operation was used in the present study. The objective of this research is to develop the models for predicting the alumina content %Al 2 O 3 and yield of concentrate fraction of fine mineral spiral separator by varying operating parameters like feed pulp density, feed rate and splitter position. Optimization of operating parameters was done for achieving minimum alumina content %Al 2 O 3 and maximum yield of concentrate fraction. It was observed that, minimum alumina content of 1.63% was achieved at feed pulp density of 20% solid by weight, feed rate of 4.3 m 3 /h and splitter position of 3 cm. Similarly, maximum yield of 54.54% can be achieved at feed pulp density of 20% by weight, feed rate of 2.90 m 3 /h and splitter position of 4.91 cm. Predicted values of alumina content %Al 2 O 3 and yield of concentrate fraction were in agreement with the experimental values. The influence of operating variables of the fine mineral spiral separator on alumina content and yield of concentrate fraction was presented and discussed in 2D surface plots.
Darwin's aliens
Venue: International Journal of Astrobiology
Year: 2017

Making predictions about aliens is not an easy task. Most previous work has focused on extrapolating from empirical observations and mechanistic understanding of physics, chemistry and biology. Another approach is to utilize theory to make predictions that are not tied to details of Earth. Here we show how evolutionary theory can be used to make predictions about aliens. We argue that aliens will undergo natural selection something that should not be taken for granted but that rests on firm theoretical grounds. Given aliens undergo natural selection we can say something about their evolution. In particular, we can say something about how complexity will arise in space. Complexity has increased on the Earth as a result of a handful of events, known as the major transitions in individuality. Major transitions occur when groups of individuals come together to form a new higher level of the individual, such as when single celled organisms evolved into multicellular organisms. Both theory and empirical data suggest that extreme conditions are required for major transitions to occur. We suggest that major transitions are likely to be the route to complexity on other planets, and that we should expect them to have been favoured by similarly restrictive conditions. Thus, we can make specific predictions about the biological makeup of complex aliens.
Biological, biomolecular, and bio inspired strategies for detection, extraction, and separations of lanthanides and actinides.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews
Year: 2020

Lanthanides and actinides are elements of ever increasing technological importance in the modern world. However, the similar chemical and physical properties within these groups make purification of individual elements a challenge. Current industrial standards for the extraction, separation, and purification of these metals from natural sources, recycled materials, and industrial waste are inefficient, relying upon harsh conditions, repetitive steps, and ligands with only modest selectivity. Biological, biomolecular, and bio inspired strategies towards improving these separations and making them more environmentally sustainable have been researched for many years; however, these methods often have insufficient selectivity for practical application. Recent developments in the understanding of how lanthanides are selectively acquired and used by certain bacteria offer the opportunity for a newer, more efficient take on these designs, as well as the possibility for fundamentally new designs and strategies. Herein, we review current cell based and biomolecular (primarily small molecule and protein based) methods for detection, extraction, and separations of f block elements. We discuss how the increasing knowledge regarding the selective recognition, uptake, trafficking, and storage of these elements in biological systems has informed and will continue to promote development of novel approaches to achieve these ends.
Achieving Triple Aim Outcomes: An Evaluation of the Texas Medicaid Waiver
Venue: Inquiry a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
Year: 2020

The Texas Medicaid Waiver, via the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment (DSRIP) program, has provided a path for Texas to achieve the Triple Aim through its focus on a defined population at the project and system levels, and financial payment policy based on outcomes. Both iterations of the DSRIP program (Waiver 1.0 and 2.0) have helped define populations, created regional collaboration that sets the stage for a true integrator, and provided financial incentives for improving population health, enhancing patient experience, and controlling costs. The flexible design of project menus and measure bundles in DSRIP encouraged a variety of projects, numerous measures of success and (often) overlapping populations of individual served to achieve the ultimate goal of the Triple Aim. This research outlines the major features of Texas DSRIP and demonstrates the Medicaid Waiver effectively contributed to measurable improvements in health, suggesting Texas safety net providers are moving closer to Triple Aim achievement.
Trajectory tracking for two degree of freedom helicopter system using a controller disturbance observer integrated design.
Venue: ISA transactions
Year: 2018

Trajectory tracking control for helicopters, which are widely used in severe situations such as military and rescue missions, is a challenging field of research. In helicopter system, the stability problem and predefined trajectories tracking are main challenges, especially in the presence of external disturbances and dynamic model uncertainties. Hence, a robust control design is needed for tracking the desired references. There has been a lot of motivation for solving these problems with simpler methods and also reducing the couplings in the helicopter system to achieve better performance, as the presented paper attempts to fill these gaps. This paper focuses on designing control laws for two degree of freedom helicopter system while assuring the closed loop stability. A nonlinear disturbance observer based control (NDOBC) is designed for attenuating the effects of exogenous disturbances. Trajectory tracking controller and nonlinear disturbance observer are formulated in the form of two linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. The closed loop system stability, including controller and observer, is investigated by Lyapunov theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed design for tracking the trajectories (vertical flight and pitch angle rotor blade) and disturbance estimation is verified by simulation results.
Deep learning based rapid recognition of oasis desert ecotone plant communities using UAV low altitude remote sensing data
Venue: Environmental Earth Sciences
Year: 2020

The oasis desert ecotone plant community is a protective barrier for an oasis. With the continuous expansion of oasis ecosystems and gradual increases in the intensity of human activities, the degradation of plant communities in oasis desert ecotones has become increasingly prominent. Timely and accurate detection of such degradation is a prerequisite for vegetation restoration. Currently, vegetation information extraction has been primarily based on an analysis of spectral features; however, the vegetation coverage area and the soil background are easily confused. In addition, conventional supervised classification methods have a strong dependence on the training samples, and this technique can fail due to the complicated image processing procedure, relatively lower recognition ability, and optimal threshold determination for a multi temporal image. In this study, the aim was to accurately extract the plant community features, distribution area, and the image background using two automatic recognition algorithm models known as the convolution neural network (CNN) based VGG16 and VGG19 models. These models were used to investigate an oasis desert ecotone in an arid area using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing image. Additionally, the impacts of a change in the training sample size on the automatic classification accuracy of the models were evaluated. The results showed that the size of the training samples has a significant impact on the classification accuracy, and with an increase in the sample sizes, the generalization ability of the models gradually improved. The modeling accuracy of the VGG16 and VGG19 increased from 88.25% and 95.25% to 88.50% and 96.73% respectively. The classification accuracy of the VGG16 model varied from 79.6 to 93.8% and the classification accuracy of VGG19 model varied from 82.3 to 95.6% The size of the training samples was 300, so both models presented the best classification results. Compared with the conventional supervised classification methods, the deep learning algorithm based models yielded significantly higher classification accuracies. These models can provide technical support for the realization of the unsupervised automatic classification of oasis desert ecotone plant communities in arid areas.
Framework for PESTEL dimensions of sustainable healthcare waste management: Learnings from COVID 19 outbreak
Venue: Journal of Cleaner Production
Year: 2020

The COVID 19 pandemic has put the world economy at an unprecedented position and protecting society from the infection is at the core of all measures. As the COVID 19 virus stays longer on plastic and stainless steel materials, hence the healthcare wastes (HCW) coming out of the treatment of COVID 19 infected patients can be one of the potential route for transmission of infection. Therefore, the present study analyses the dimensions of sustainable HCWM by using a multi method approach: PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) analysis, TISM (total interpretive structural modeling) and fuzzy MICMAC (cross impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) analysis. The opted research framework yields 17 PESTEL dimensions of sustainable HCWM during the COVID 19 outbreak through the literature survey and experts' discussions. Then, the TISM methodology developed a hierarchical digraph of all the 17 dimensions of sustainable HCWM based on the interrelationships. Fuzzy MICMAC analysis classified all 17 PESTEL dimensions into four groups depending upon their driving and dependence powers. The study concluded that the policy framework for targeting political, legal and environmental issues should be the immediate concern of the worldwide governments and health officials. The effluent control and compliance to environmental laws being the output dimensions should be tracked regularly for ensuring the cleaner production in healthcare services. The PESTEL analysis will help the hospitals' managers and policymakers to understand the macro environment surrounding the HCWM.
Museums and Digital Culture
Venue: Springer Series on Cultural Computing
Year: 2019

We trace the foundations of digital culture to Claude Shannon and Alan Turing, pioneers of information theory and computer science including algorithms, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, demonstrating how these developments are shaping our digital life and digital future. We examine life in code and digits in the context of digital ways of doing, knowing, being, and living, covering, for example, digital information behavior and the impacts of the convergence of all digital media, a digital tipping point at the heart of digital culture. This chapter provides the background and context for the rest of the book in the framework of museums and related cultural and heritage institutions.
Possible Involvement of YB 1 in Abnormal Nuclear Shape of Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Cell
Year: 2017

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) cells contain extensive chromosomal abnormalities and some acute type ATL patients show leukemic cells with highly lobulated nucleus, called "Flower cell" Thus, abnormality of nuclear shape seems to be associated with leukemogenesis of ATL. A previous report suggested that activation of PI3K is associated with the formation of the lobulated nucleus of ATL cells, but precise molecular mechanism underlying the flower like nuclear shape remains unknown. Y box binding protein 1 (YB 1) functions in multiple layer of cellular processes, such as DNA replication and transcription, mRNA splicing and translation. Expression level of YB 1 is up regulated in various types of cancers and related with chromosomal abnormality of breast cancer. We therefore hypothesized that YB 1 would be involved in the formation of the flower like nuclear shape.  Expression of YB 1 was examined in HTLV 1 infected cell lines (ED, MT 1, and TBX 4B) non infected cell lines (Jurkat and MOLT 4) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors, HTLV 1 carriers, chronic and smoldering type ATL patients by quantitative RT PCR. The level of the protein expression was also analyzed by Western blotting. The subcellular localization of phosphorylated YB 1 (P YB 1) was assessed by immunofluorescence staining.  YB 1 was expressed abundantly in ED, MT 1 and Jurkat, in which lobulated nuclei were confirmed with Giemsa staining. The expression level of YB 1 in smoldering type ATL tended to be higher than that in HTLV 1 carriers and healthy donors. YB 1 protein was detected in the all analyzed cell lines, but their expression level did not correlate with the quantitative RT PCR results. Next, we analyzed the subcellular localization of YB 1 by immunofluorescence assay. We found that the phosphorylated YB 1 was accumulated in the lobulated nuclear region in an ATL cell line, ED cells. We also observed that Pericentrin, an integral component of the centrosome, was colocalized with the phosphorylated YB 1.  These data indicated that overexpression and phosphorylation of YB 1 might induce dysregulation of cell mitosis and contribute to formation of flower cell formation in ATL cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Partial oxidation of sewage sludge briquettes in a updraft fixed bed.
Venue: Waste management
Year: 2016

The fixed bed reaction of sewage sludge briquettes was investigated to evaluate the potential applications to gasification, combustion, or production of biochar as soil ameliorator. The reaction had two distinctive stages: ignition propagation and char oxidation. The ignition front of the sludge briquettes propagated at a lower speed, which significantly increased the stoichiometric ratio of overall combustion reaction and peak temperatures. The ignition front also had irregular shapes due to the channeling effects. During the char oxidation stage, the sludge ash agglomerated because of the slow reaction rate and increased CO2 formation. Because of low energy content in the product gas, the large briquettes were not favorable for syngas production. In addition, the low burning rates and ash agglomeration could cause problems in the operation of a grate type furnace for combustion. However, the char accumulated above the ignition front had similar properties with that from pyrolysis under inert atmosphere. Therefore, the fixed bed reaction under partial oxidation conditions can be applied to produce biochar as soil ameliorator from the sludge briquettes without external heat supply.
Video game play is positively correlated with well being
Year: 2020

People have never played more video games, and many stakeholders are worried that this activity might be bad for players. So far, research has not had adequate data to test whether these worries are justified and if policymakers should act to regulate video game play time. We attempt to provide much needed evidence with adequate data. Whereas previous research had to rely on self reported play behaviour, we collaborated with two games companies, Electronic Arts and Nintendo of America, to obtain players' actual play behaviour. We surveyed players of Plants vs. Zombies: Battle for Neighborville and Animal Crossing: New Horizons for their well being, motivations and need satisfaction during play, and merged their responses with telemetry data (i.e. logged game play) Contrary to many fears that excessive play time will lead to addiction and poor mental health, we found a small positive relation between game play and affective wellbeing. Need satisfaction and motivations during play did not interact with play time but were instead independently related to well being. Our results advance the field in two important ways. First, we show that collaborations with industry partners can be done to high academic standards in an ethical and transparent fashion. Second, we deliver muchneeded evidence to policymakers on the link between play and mental health.
Manpower and Employees' Attitudes Are Very Important in An Organisation
Year: 2019

KFC or also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken is one of the most leading fast food restaurants around the world. KFC that originally from America has thrived around the world including Malaysia and Kuwait. Although it is an advanced company, it still has some sensitive internal issues that will cause problems to the company. If this problem is not carefully and wisely deal with, it will drop the company name and bring a negative impact to everyone that involved in the company. In this research, we examine the issues in an organization and KFC is the subject of our study. KFC has been in a bad mood for the past few years. Many of the customers complaint about the services and the attitudes of the employee in the restaurant. In Jan 2015, a case of brawl between KFC employees and customers was viral in social media and there also a case where KFC employees show pornographic signs to customers. This shows the attitude and the behavior of KFC employees who do not adhere to ethics and are not prudent will affect the good name of a company. Employees issues in KFC is the best topic to be discuss in this study. There lot of problem that face by KFC in term of employees such as lack of manpower in their branches. If compare from our observation, there a huge difference between the number of workers in KFC and its competitor, Mc Donald. Therefore, we can see that Mc Donald is more efficient than KFC although KFC has lower cost for their human resource.