nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate statistical tool to analyse the environmental magnetic data in Ponnai River Sand, Tamil Nadu
Venue: Environmental Earth Sciences
Year: 2020

In the recent years, an environmental pollution plays a major role in the developing countries. In this study, the magnetic susceptibility meter was used to measure the low and high frequency susceptibilities to assess the ferromagnetic behaviour of Ponnai River Sand, Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study, all samples show that low frequency magnetic susceptibilities (khlf) are slightly greater than the high frequency magnetic susceptibilities (khhf) The textural characteristics, such as sand, silt and clay percentage were determined by mechanical sieve analysis. The content of the sand is varied from 78 to 92.30% with mean values of 84.46 whereas silt content varied from 6.20 to 21.50% with mean value of 14.20. The results show that sand concentration was dominated in all the sampling locations. Moreover content of sand, silt and clay is not altered by anthropogenic activities in the study area. In order to study the relation between textural characteristics and magnetic susceptibility, all the data were treated using multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis (FA) Pearson correlation (PC) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed to evaluate the anthropogenic inputs. Based on the obtained results, most of the samples show that moderate distribution of ferromagnetic minerals in the study area due to anthropogenic activities.
Burnout Among U.S. Medical Students, Residents, and Early Career Physicians Relative to the General U.S. Population
Venue: Academic medicine journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
Year: 2014

To compare the prevalence of burnout and other forms of distress across career stages and the experiences of trainees and early career (EC) physicians versus those of similarly aged college graduates pursuing other careers.  In 2011 and 2012, the authors conducted a national survey of medical students, residents/fellows, and EC physicians 5 years in practice) and of a probability based sample of the general U.S. population. All surveys assessed burnout, symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation, quality of life, and fatigue.  Response rates were 35.2% (4,402/12,500) for medical students, 22.5% (1,701/7,560) for residents/fellows, and 26.7% (7,288/27,276) for EC physicians. In multivariate models that controlled for relationship status, sex, age, and career stage, being a resident/fellow was associated with increased odds of burnout and being a medical student with increased odds of depressive symptoms, whereas EC physicians had the lowest odds of high fatigue. Compared with the population control samples, medical students, residents/fellows, and EC physicians were more likely to be burned out (all P .0001) Medical students and residents/fellows were more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression than the population control samples (both P .0001) but not more likely to have experienced recent suicidal ideation.  Training appears to be the peak time for distress among physicians, but differences in the prevalence of burnout, depressive symptoms, and recent suicidal ideation are relatively small. At each stage, burnout is more prevalent among physicians than among their peers in the U.S. population.
Earth pressure of vertical shaft considering arching effect in layered soils
Year: 2007

A new earth pressure equation acting on the vertical shafts in cohesionless soils has been proposed by modifying the equations proposed by others. In order to verify the modified equation, model tests which can control uniform wall displacement with depth to radial direction were conducted. Model tests were performed with three different wall friction angles and two different relative densities. The measured values were larger than estimated values when assuming smaller than those when assuming The parameter, is the ratio of tangential stress to vertical stress and is the most critical value in proposed equation. A method which can estimate the earth pressure on vertical shafts in layered soils is also proposed by reasonably assuming the failure surface of layered soils and using the modified equation. In order to verify the proposed method, in situ measurement data have been collected from the three in situ vertical shafts installed in layered soils. Most of earth pressures converted from measured data match reasonably well with estimated values using proposed method.
Qualidade de vida na perspectiva de idosas submetidas a fisioterapia para incontinencia urinaria
Year: 2006

A incontinencia urinaria (IU) condicao clinica comum entre idosos, pode comprometer a qualidade de vida (QV) e por esta razao, avaliar suas repercussoes sobre a mesma torna se relevante.  Desvendar como idosas submetidas a tratamento fisioterapeutico para IU percebem sua QV atual.  Este foi um estudo qualitativo que, por meio de entrevistas individuais semi estruturadas, pesquisou a QV na perspectiva de doze idosas com 60 anos e mais. O tamanho da amostra foi determinado por meio de saturacao. As entrevistas foram registradas, transcritas e posteriormente analisadas pela tecnica da analise de conteudo.  A QV vinculou se a saude, autonomia, relacionamentos pessoais, estabilidade financeira e vida ativa. O comprometimento psicologico associou se a preocupacao e desagrado diante das perdas urinarias e receio destas ocorrerem em locais nao apropriados. O constrangimento de outras pessoas perceberem o odor de urina e a vivencia previa de situacoes tambem constrangedoras associaram se ao comprometimento social.  A analise do conteudo dos discursos permitiu concluir que apesar da IU estar presente na vida das idosas, trazendo prejuizos psicologicos e sociais, a QV foi positivamente percebida.
COTR: Convolution in Transformer Network for End to End Polyp Detection
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Colonoscopy is a widely used technique for colon screening and polyp lesions diagnosis. Nevertheless, manual screening using colonoscopy suffers from a substantial miss rate of polyps and is an overwhelming burden for endoscopists. Computeraided diagnosis (CAD) for polyp detection has the potential to reduce human error and human burden. However, current polyp detection methods based on object detection framework need many handcrafted preprocessing and post processing operations or user guidance that require domain specific knowledge.  In this paper, we propose a convolution in transformer (COTR) network for end to end polyp detection. Motivated by the detection transformer (DETR) COTR is constituted by a CNN for feature extraction, transformer encoder layers interleaved with convolutional layers for feature encoding and recalibration, transformer decoder layers for object querying, and a feed forward network for detection prediction. Considering the slow convergence of DETR, COTR embeds convolution layers into transformer encoder for feature reconstruction and convergence acceleration.  Experimental results on two public polyp datasets show that COTR achieved 91.49% precision, 82.69% sensitivity, and 86.87% F1score on the ETIS LARIB, and 91.67% precision, 93.54% sensitivity, and 92.60% F1 score on the CVC ColonDB.  This study proposed an end to end detection method based on detection transformer for colorectal polyp detection. Experimental results on ETIS LARIB and CVC ColonDB dataset demonstrated that the proposed model achieved comparable performance against state ofthe art methods.
Let's giggle! design principles for humorous products
Venue: Conference on Designing Interactive Systems
Year: 2014

Humor and its relationship to user experience have received limited prior attention in design and HCI. In this paper, we present a framework of design principles that could be used to design humorous products. First, we identified three aspects of experience with humorous products by collecting various amusing products and analyzing them with designers. Next, we conducted a workshop with professional comedians and designers to understand methods for creating humorous products. Through this process, we elicited nine principles for making products humorous: visualization of taboo, bizarre consequence, destructive play, zoomorphism, self depreciation, abused product, shape incongruity, unconventional use, and unexpected function. To understand how the principles are used in the conceptual design phase, we conducted design sessions for a water fountain using a software application to explain the principles. The results indicate that some principles were more actively used. This work contributes to knowledge on designing products and interaction that deliver more positive feelings to users.
Leadership That Gets Results
Year: 2017

Daniel Goleman is the author of Emotional Intelligence (Bantam, 1995) and Working with Emotional Intelligence (Bantam, 1998) He is cochairman of the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations, which is based at Rutgers University's Graduate School of Applied Psychology in Piscataway, New Jersey. His article "What Makes a Leader?" appeared in the November December 1998 issue of HBR. He can be reached at goleman@javanet.com.
A Multiclass Depression Detection in Social Media Based on Sentiment Analysis
Year: 2020

Depression is a common mental health disorder. Despite its high prevalence, the only way of diagnosing depression is through self reporting. However, 70% of the patients would not consult doctors at an early stage of depression. Meanwhile people increasingly relying on social media for sharing emotions, and daily life activities thus helpful for detecting their mental health. Inspired by these a total of 179 depressive individuals selected from Twitter, who have reported depression and they are on medical treatment. A sample of their recent tweets collected ranges from (200 to 3200) tweets per person. From their tweets, we selected 100 most frequently used words using Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF IDF) Later, we used the 14 psychological attributes in Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) to classify these words into emotions. Moreover, weights were assigned to each word from happy to unhappy after classification by LIWC and trained machine learning classifiers to classify the users into three classes of depression High, Medium, and Low. According to our study, better features selections and their combination will help to improve performance and accuracy of classifiers.
Preventing surgical site infections: Facilitators and barriers to nurses' adherence to clinical practice guidelines A qualitative study.
Venue: Journal of clinical nursing
Year: 2019

To identify the facilitators of and barriers to nurses' adherence to evidence based wound care clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in an Australian tertiary hospital.  Current research suggests that up to 50% of nurses are unaware of the evidence based recommendations to prevent SSIs and that adherence to evidence based CPGs is suboptimal. However, little is known regarding the facilitators and barriers to adherence to evidence based CPGs.  A qualitative study incorporating ethnographic data collection techniques.  Data collection included semi structured individual interviews and focus groups (N 20) and examination of existing hospital policy and procedure documents. Thematic analysis using inductive and deductive approaches was conducted. This manuscript adheres to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.  Data analysis revealed four themes: adhering to aseptic technique, knowledge and information seeking, documenting wound care and educating and involving patients in wound care. Facilitators and barriers within each theme were identified. Facilitators included participants' active information seeking behaviour, a clear understanding of the importance of aseptic technique, and patient participation in wound care. Barriers included participants' knowledge and skills deficits regarding application of aseptic technique principles in practice, the availability of the hospital's wound care procedure document, suboptimal wound care documentation and the timing of patient education.  There is a need to develop interventions to improve nurses' adherence to recommended CPGs including following aseptic technique principles, hand hygiene, documentation and patient education. Hospital procedure documents that outline wound care need to reflect current recommended CPGs.  TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Adhering to evidence based CPGs has been found to be effective in reducing and preventing SSIs. Our study provides an in depth understanding of the barriers and facilitators to nurses' adherence to recommended CPGs. The findings may inform future practice improvements in wound care.
Enhancing Certified Robustness of Smoothed Classifiers via Weighted Model Ensembling
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Randomized smoothing has achieved state of the art certified robustness against $l_2$ norm adversarial attacks. However, it is not wholly resolved on how to find the optimal base classifier for randomized smoothing. In this work, we employ a Smoothed WEighted ENsembling (SWEEN) scheme to improve the performance of randomized smoothed classifiers. We theoretically analyze the expressive power of the SWEEN function class and show that SWEEN can be trained to achieve near optimal risk in the randomized smoothing regime. We also develop an adaptive prediction algorithm to reduce the prediction and certification cost of SWEEN models. Extensive experiments show that SWEEN models outperform the upper envelope of their corresponding candidate models by a large margin. Moreover, SWEEN models constructed using a few small models can achieve comparable performance to a single large model with a notable reduction in training time.
b cell mimetic designer cells provide closed loop glycemic control
Venue: Science
Year: 2016

Engineering cells to regulate glucose Diabetes mellitus affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Blood glucose levels are chronically deregulated in diabetics, and this can lead to many serious disorders, including cardiovascular disease and renal failure. Xie et al. engineered a synthetic circuit into human cells that can sense the glucose concentration and respond to correct deregulation. Implants containing designer cells improved glucose regulation in diabetic mice. Science, this issue p. 1296 A synthetic circuit provides effective glucose regulation by designer mammalian cells in diabetic mice. Chronically deregulated blood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus result from a loss of pancreatic insulin producing b cells (type 1 diabetes, T1D) or from impaired insulin sensitivity of body cells and glucose stimulated insulin release (type 2 diabetes, T2D) Here, we show that therapeutically applicable b cell mimetic designer cells can be established by minimal engineering of human cells. We achieved glucose responsiveness by a synthetic circuit that couples glycolysis mediated calcium entry to an excitation transcription system controlling therapeutic transgene expression. Implanted circuit carrying cells corrected insulin deficiency and self sufficiently abolished persistent hyperglycemia in T1D mice. Similarly, glucose inducible glucagon like peptide 1 transcription improved endogenous glucose stimulated insulin release and glucose tolerance in T2D mice. These systems may enable a combination of diagnosis and treatment for diabetes mellitus therapy.
The Role of Soil pH in Plant Nutrition and Soil Remediation
Venue: Applied and Environmental Soil Science
Year: 2019

In the natural environment, soil pH has an enormous influence on soil biogeochemical processes. Soil pH is, therefore, described as the "master soil variable" that influences myriads of soil biological, chemical, and physical properties and processes that affect plant growth and biomass yield. This paper discusses how soil pH affects processes that are interlinked with the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the soil environment as well as how these processes, through anthropogenic interventions, induce changes in soil pH. Unlike traditional discussions on the various causes of soil pH, particularly soil acidification, this paper focuses on relationships and effects as far as soil biogeochemistry is concerned. Firstly, the effects of soil pH on substance availability, mobility, and soil biological processes are discussed followed by the biogenic regulation of soil pH. It is concluded that soil pH can broadly be applied in two broad areas, i.e. nutrient cycling and plant nutrition and soil remediation (bioremediation and physicochemical remediation)
Efficient searchable public key encryption against keyword guessing attacks for cloud based EMR systems
Venue: Cluster Computing
Year: 2018

Due to the tremendous benefits of cloud computing, an increasing number of health care providers tend to deploy the electronic medical record (EMR) storages and application services into cloud. To protect patients' privacy, sensitive EMRs have to be encrypted before being uploaded to cloud. This makes effective utilization of EMRs, such as plaintext keyword search, a very challenging problem. Public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) provides a promising cryptographic solution to encrypted EMR data retrieval, because it allows one to delegate to an untrusted storage server the capability of searching on publicly encrypted EMR data without compromising the security of original EMR data. Recently, two secure channel free PEKS schemes were proposed for cloud based EMR systems. However, our cryptanalysis demonstrates that both of these two schemes suffer from the security vulnerabilities caused by the keyword guessing attack. To deal with this problem, a novel secure channel free PEKS scheme is developed in this paper. The proposed scheme not only provides the resistance to the existing known three types of keyword guessing attacks, but also has the merit of no designated server. In the standard model, it is formally proven to achieve both the keyword ciphertext indistinguishability and the trapdoor indistinguishability under the adaptive chosen keyword attacks. The comparisons indicate that the scheme is secure and practicable.
Verovio: A library for Engraving MEI Music Notation into SVG
Venue: ISMIR
Year: 2014

Rendering symbolic music notation is a common component of many MIR applications, and many tools are available for this task. There is, however, a need for a tool that can natively render the Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) notation encodings that are increasingly used in music research projects. In this paper, we present Verovio, a library and toolkit for rendering MEI. A significant advantage of Verovio is that it implements MEI's structure internally, making it the best suited solution for rendering features that make MEI unique. Verovio is designed as a fast, portable, lightweight tool written in pure standard C+ with no dependencies on third party frameworks or libraries. It can be used as a command line rendering tool, as a library, or it can be compiled to JavaScript using the Emscripten LLVM to JavaScript compiler. This last option is particularly interesting because it provides a complete in browser music MEI typesetter. The SVG output from Verovio is organized in such a way that the MEI structure is preserved as much as possible. Since every graphic in SVG is an XML element that is easily addressable, Verovio is particularly well suited for interactive applications, especially in web browsers. Verovio is available under the GPL open source license.
Evaluation of lotion formulations on irritation using the modified forearm controlled application test method
Venue: Skin research and technology official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging
Year: 2007

Cold and allergy sufferers often develop irritation around the nostrils as a result of repeated and frequent rubbing of the skin site with facial tissues. This irritation is a combination of the inherent irritant properties of the tissue components (chemical irritation) and mechanical irritation from friction. Lotion coated facial tissues are being developed to provide soothing, skin benefits, and to promote healing of this type of irritation. The objective of these studies was to evaluate the efficacy of different lotion formulations on facial tissues in preventing irritation, or aiding in the healing of irritation.
Epigenetic Effects on Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery (EETR) An Observational, Prospective, Longitudinal Concurrent Cohort Study Protocol
Venue: Frontiers in Neurology
Year: 2020

Unexplained heterogeneity in outcomes following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most critical barriers to the development of effective prognostic tools and therapeutics. The addition of personal biological factors to our prediction models may account for a significant portion of unexplained variance and advance the field toward precision rehabilitation medicine. The overarching goal of the Epigenetic Effects on Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery (EETR) study is to investigate an epigenetic biomarker involved in both childhood adversity and postinjury neuroplasticity to better understand heterogeneity in neurobehavioral outcomes following pediatric TBI. Our primary hypothesis is that childhood adversity will be associated with worse neurobehavioral recovery in part through an epigenetically mediated reduction in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in response to TBI.  EETR is an observational, prospective, longitudinal concurrent cohort study of children aged 3 18 years with either TBI (n 200) or orthopedic injury (n 100) recruited from the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Participants complete study visits acutely and at 6 and 12 months postinjury. Blood and saliva biosamples are collected at all time points and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when available acutely for epigenetic and proteomic analysis of BDNF. Additional measures assess injury characteristics, pre and postinjury child neurobehavioral functioning, childhood adversity, and potential covariates/confounders. Recruitment began in July 2017 and will occur for ~6 years, with data collection complete by mid 2023. Analyses will characterize BDNF DNA methylation and protein levels over the recovery period and investigate this novel biomarker as a potential biological mechanism underlying the known association between childhood adversity and worse neurobehavioral outcomes following pediatric TBI. Ethics and dissemination: The study received ethics approval from the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Participants and their parents provide informed consent/assent. Research findings will be disseminated via local and international conference presentations and manuscripts submitted to peer reviewed journals.