nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of urban fragmentation patterns in small and mid sized cities of Idaho
Venue: Urban Ecosystems
Year: 2018

Urbanization has a massive impact on ecological function and impedes the provisioning of environmental services. The interaction between urbanization and the environment has been researched extensively. However, the existing research focused on the urbanization characteristics of large metropolitan areas. In this paper, we investigate the urban fragmentation patterns of small and mid sized cities in Idaho, USA. To capture the urban morphology for each site within the study we use both concentric ring and transect analysis as well as several spatial/landscape metrics. Our results show that the characteristics of urbanization in small and mid sized cities (and those in second tier regions that attract relatively little scholarly attention) are consistent with growth phase theory of urbanization, urbanization along a gradient, and urbanization patterns of metropolises.
Molecular inflammation: Underpinnings of aging and age related diseases
Venue: Ageing Research Reviews
Year: 2009

Recent scientific studies have advanced the notion of chronic inflammation as a major risk factor underlying aging and age related diseases. In this review, low grade, unresolved, molecular inflammation is described as an underlying mechanism of aging and age related diseases, which may serve as a bridge between normal aging and age related pathological processes. Accumulated data strongly suggest that continuous (chronic) upregulation of pro inflammatory mediators (e.g. TNF alpha, IL 1beta, IL 6, COX 2, iNOS) are induced during the aging process due to an age related redox imbalance that activates many pro inflammatory signaling pathways, including the NF kappaB signaling pathway. These pro inflammatory molecular events are discussed in relation to their role as basic mechanisms underlying aging and age related diseases. Further, the anti inflammatory actions of aging retarding caloric restriction and exercise are reviewed. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe the molecular roles of age related physiological functional declines and the accompanying chronic diseases associated with aging. This new view on the role of molecular inflammation as a mechanism of aging and age related pathogenesis can provide insights into potential interventions that may affect the aging process and reduce age related diseases, thereby promoting healthy longevity.
TRIM25 promotes Capicua degradation independently of ERK in the absence of ATXN1L
Venue: BMC biology
Year: 2020

Aberrations in Capicua CIC have recently been implicated as a negative prognostic factor in a multitude of cancer types through the derepression of targets downstream of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, such as oncogenic E26 transformation specific (ETS) transcription factors. The Ataxin family protein ATXN1L has previously been reported to interact with CIC in both developmental and disease contexts to facilitate the repression of CIC target genes and promote the post translational stability of CIC. However, little is known about the mechanisms at the base of ATXN1L mediated CIC post translational stability.  Functional in vitro studies utilizing ATXN1L KO human cell lines revealed that loss of ATXN1L leads to the accumulation of polyubiquitinated CIC protein, promoting its degradation through the proteasome. Although transcriptomic signatures of ATXN1L KO cell lines indicated upregulation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, ERK activity was found to contribute to CIC function but not stability. Degradation of CIC protein following loss of ATXN1L was instead observed to be mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 which was further validated using glioma derived cell lines and the TCGA breast carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts.  The post translational regulation of CIC through ATXN1L and TRIM25 independent of ERK activity suggests that the regulation of CIC stability and function is more intricate than previously appreciated and involves several independent pathways. As CIC status has become a prognostic factor in several cancer types, further knowledge into the mechanisms which govern CIC stability and function may prove useful for future therapeutic approaches.
Role of nutraceuticals during the transition period of dairy cows: a review
Venue: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Year: 2020

The transition period of dairy cattle is characterized by a number of metabolic, endocrine, physiologic, and immune adaptations, including the occurrence of negative energy balance, hypocalcemia, liver dysfunction, overt systemic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. The degree and length of time during which these systems remain out of balance could render cows more susceptible to disease, poor reproductive outcomes, and less efficient for milk production and quality. Studies on both monogastrics and ruminants have reported the health benefits of nutraceuticals (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics, dietary lipids, functional peptides, phytoextracts) beyond nutritional value, interacting at different levels of the animal's physiology. From a physiological standpoint, it seems unrealistic to disregard any systemic inflammatory processes. However, an alternate approach is to modulate the inflammatory process per se and to resolve the systemic response as quickly as possible. To this aim, a growing body of literature underscores the efficacy of nutraceuticals (active compounds) during the critical phase of the transition period. Supplementation of essential fatty acids throughout a 2 month period (i.e. a month before and a month after calving) successfully attenuates the inflammatory status with a quicker resolution of phenomenon. In this context, the inflammatory and immune response scenario has been recognized to be targeted by the beneficial effect of methyl donors, such as methionine and choline, directly and indirectly modulating such response with the increase of antioxidants GSH and taurine. Indirectly by the establishment of a healthy gastrointestinal tract, yeast and yeast based products showed to modulate the immune response, mitigating negative effects associated with parturition stress and consequent disorders. The use of phytoproducts has garnered high interest because of their wide range of actions on multiple tissue targets encompassing a series of antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immune stimulating, rumen fermentation, and microbial modulation effects. In this review, we provide perspectives on investigations of regulating the immune responses and metabolism using several nutraceuticals in the periparturient cow.
Political power beyond the State: problematics of government. 1992.
Venue: The British journal of sociology
Year: 2010

This paper sets out an approach to the analysis of political power in terms of problematics of government. It argues against an overvaluation of the 'problem of the State' in political debate and social theory. A number of conceptual tools are suggested for the analysis of the many and varied alliances between political and other authorities that seek to govern economic activity, social life and individual conduct. Modern political rationalities and governmental technologies are shown to be intrinsically linked to developments in knowledge and to the powers of expertise. The characteristics of liberal problematics of government are investigated, and it is argued that they are dependent upon technologies for 'governing at a distance' seeking to create locales, entities and persons able to operate a regulated autonomy. The analysis is exemplified through an investigation of welfarism as a mode of 'social' government. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of neo liberalism which demonstrates that the analytical language structured by the philosophical opposition of state and civil society is unable to comprehend contemporary transformations in modes of exercise of political power.(1)
Claims to the Past. A Critical View of the Arguments Driving Repatriation of Cultural Heritage and Their Role in Contemporary Identity Politics
Year: 2013

This article explores the role that the worldwide movement of repatriation of human remains and cultural heritage from museums and other institutions to minorities and indigenous populations plays in contemporary identity politics. Beyond the obvious positive outcomes of this process, including a significant democratization of the field of archaeology, the repatriation movement poses challenges, mainly because it relies on concepts such as past present continuity that are sometimes subtly, sometimes not so subtly, problematic for legitimizing group identities and group claims to cultural heritage and human remains. It is argued that while archaeologists and anthropologists must continue to support the idea of increasing democratization of interpreting the past, they must also maintain the right to remain critical to all claims of the past by any particular group.
Clinical, Histopathologic, and Genomic Features of Spitz Tumors With ALK Fusions
Venue: The American journal of surgical pathology
Year: 2015

Activating kinase fusions have recently been described as early oncogenic events that are mutually exclusive with HRAS and BRAF mutations in Spitz tumors. Here, we report a series of 32 Spitz tumors with ALK fusions (6 Spitz nevi, 22 atypical Spitz tumors, and 4 spitzoid melanomas) in patients ranging from 5 months to 64 years (median=12 y) of age. The tumors typically presented as exophytic papules on the extremities and were occasionally darkly pigmented. In addition to ALK fusions previously described in other tumor types (NPM1 ALK, TPR ALK) we identified 2 novel ALK fusions (CLIP1 ALK and GTF3C2 ALK) in our cohort of Spitz tumors. Array comparative genomic hybridization of 19 of these tumors demonstrated a high frequency of chromosome 2 aberrations (where ALK resides, 63% and chromosome 1p loss in 37% of the cases. Spitz tumors with ALK fusions demonstrated unique histopathologic features. Clefts and small vesicle like spaces were arrayed between plump spindled melanocytes with fibrillar cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei. These melanocytes were typically arrayed in elongated and fusiform nests with radial orientation. The tumors often had extension into the dermis or subcutis with a wedge shaped or bulbous lower border (45% and 17% respectively) An infiltrative growth pattern was often present at the periphery of the tumor and was highlighted by ALK immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, Spitz tumors with ALK rearrangement show distinct histopathologic features that should aid in improving classification of these diagnostically challenging tumors.
Faster Fully Homomorphic Encryption
Venue: ASIACRYPT
Year: 2010

We describe two improvements to Gentry's fully homomorphic scheme based on ideal lattices and its analysis: we provide a more aggressive analysis of one of the hardness assumptions (the one related to the Sparse Subset Sum Problem) and we introduce a probabilistic decryption algorithm that can be implemented with an algebraic circuit of low multiplicative degree. Combined together, these improvements lead to a faster fully homomorphic scheme, with a O(l 3.5) bit complexity per elementary binary add/mult gate, where l is the security parameter. These improvements also apply to the fully homomorphic schemes of Smart and Vercauteren [PKC'2010] and van Dijk et al.
The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality: An Empirical Study in the Chinese Retail Pharmacy Industry
Venue: Health marketing quarterly
Year: 2015

This study focuses on the impacts of service quality and examines the mediating effects of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty on willingness to pay more. The authors collected survey data from 479 actual retail pharmacy customers in China and used the structural equation modeling approach to test the hypotheses. The results reveal six dimensions of service quality and the differential impact of these dimensions on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the dimensionality of the service quality construct and mediating effects of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a non Western setting.
T cell energy metabolism as a controller of cell fate in transplantation
Venue: Current opinion in organ transplantation
Year: 2015

highlight some of the recent developments in the novel field of immunometabolism and the therapeutic potential of the many regulatory components of this immunometabolic network for transplantation. Recent findingsIn response to cytokines, changes in nutrients, and other alterations in the local milieu, immune cells are capable of changing their internal metabolic pathways to meet their energy demands. Recent studies demonstrate that activated T effectors (Th1 and Th17) are supported by aerobic glycolysis, whereas regulatory T cells and CD8 memory T cells favor fatty acid oxidation and lipid biosynthesis through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These bioenergetic processes are dependent upon the activation of metabolic sensors such as mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP activated protein kinase, respectively, indicating that the cross talk between immunity and metabolism can shape the fate and function of immune cells. Finally, exciting new studies suggest that differences in the bioenergetic mechanisms within the various immune subsets may selectively be exploited for regulating the immune responses. SummaryIn this review, we will discuss the metabolic signatures adopted by various immune cells during tolerance versus immunity and the promising avenues that can be modulated by targeting metabolic pathways with either nutrition or pharmacological intervention for establishing long term transplantation tolerance.
Heart disease and stroke statistics 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
Venue: Circulation
Year: 2011

Rosamond, Paul D. Sorlie, Randall S. Stafford, Tanya N. Turan, Melanie B. Turner, Nathan D. Dariush Mozaffarian, Michael E. Mussolino, Graham Nichol, Nina P. Paynter, Wayne D. Ariane Marelli, David B. Matchar, Mary M. McDermott, James B. Meigs, Claudia S. Moy, Lackland, Judith H. Lichtman, Lynda D. Lisabeth, Diane M. Makuc, Gregory M. Marcus, John A. Heit, P. Michael Ho, Virginia J. Howard, Brett M. Kissela, Steven J. Kittner, Daniel T. Caroline S. Fox, Heather J. Fullerton, Cathleen Gillespie, Kurt J. Greenlund, Susan M. Hailpern, Todd M. Brown, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Shifan Dai, Giovanni de Simone, Earl S. Ford, Veronique L. Roger, Alan S. Go, Donald M. Lloyd Jones, Robert J. Adams, Jarett D. Berry, Association 2011 Update A Report From the American Heart Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics
Family focused grief therapy: a randomized, controlled trial in palliative care and bereavement.
Venue: The American journal of psychiatry
Year: 2006

The aim of family focused grief therapy is to reduce the morbid effects of grief among families at risk of poor psychosocial outcome. It commences during palliative care of terminally ill patients and continues into bereavement. The authors report a randomized, controlled trial.  Using the Family Relationships Index, the authors screened 257 families of patients dying from cancer: 183 (71% were at risk, and 81 of those (44% participated in the trial. They were randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) to family focused grief therapy (53 families, 233 individuals) or a control condition (28 families, 130 individuals) Assessments occurred at baseline and 6 and 13 months after the patient's death. The primary outcome measures were the Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Social Adjustment Scale. The Family Assessment Device was a secondary outcome measure. Analyses allowed for correlated family data and employed generalized estimating equations based on intention to treat and controlling for site.  The overall impact of family focused grief therapy was modest, with a reduction in distress at 13 months. Significant improvements in distress and depression occurred among individuals with high baseline scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Global family functioning did not change. Sullen families and those with intermediate functioning tended to improve overall, whereas depression was unchanged in hostile families.  Family focused grief therapy has the potential to prevent pathological grief. Benefit is clear for intermediate and sullen families. Care is needed to avoid increasing conflict in hostile families.
The Application of Ancient Poetry Art Songs in Higher Normal Colleges
Year: 2019

Chinese ancient poetry art songs are the product of the combination of Chinese traditional culture and music. The development of Chinese ancient poetry art songs in the broad sense has gone through more than two thousand years. From the "Book of Songs" to the present, it has also left a large number of valuable musical heritage. The artistic songs produced in Europe were introduced to China in the early 20th century. A large number of music creators combined Chinese classic poetry with modern creative techniques, resulting in a large number of outstanding works. Chinese ancient poetry art songs have a broad cultural heritage, strong appeal and unique charm. Applying it to the music teaching of professional colleges and higher education departments can not only improve the students' connotation and cultivation, but also help students improve their vocal singing ability, such as smooth breathing, grasping the wording, broadening the imagination space, control music expression and more.
Tenure Structure in Informal Settlements: Implications for Housing Policy Formulation in Nigeria
Year: 2014

Literature suggests that housing tenure structure can be seen as a good indication of a country's economic development as well as the level of efficiency of its mortgage and housing finance systems. Several literature have discussed tenure in terms of either homeownership or rental. This paper intends to contribute to the literature on housing tenure in the informal settlements of developing countries by presenting empirical evidence from a research carried out in a representative informal settlement located in Lagos, Nigeria. Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected through a survey of the settlement, using household heads as respondents. In addition to owner occupation and renting, The paper identified other significant tenure types which include "family housing" and rent free housing. In addition, the implications of this more robust mix of tenure types for housing policy formulation in a developing country like Nigeria are discussed. Significant is the need for policy to be more embracing in order to cater for the housing needs of a wider spectrum of the people, especially the poor.
A 40 month multicentre, randomised placebo controlled study to assess the efficacy and carry over effect of repeated intra articular injections of hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis: the AMELIA project
Venue: Annals of the rheumatic diseases
Year: 2011

AMELIA (OsteoArthritis Modifying Effects of Long term Intra articular Adant) was designed to compare against placebo the efficacy and safety of repeated injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) and its effect on disease progression over 40 months.  A multicentre, randomised, patient and evaluator blinded, controlled study in 306 patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for knee osteoarthritis, radiological grades II III (Kellgren Lawrence) and joint space width =2 mm. Patients received four cycles of five intra articular HA or placebo injections with a follow up of 6 months after the first and second cycles, and 1 year after the third and fourth cycles. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 2004 responder criteria were used to assess efficacy. The consumption of rescue medication was a secondary outcome. Adverse events were recorded for safety purposes.  At the 40 month visit significantly more patients responded to HA compared with placebo (OARSI 2004, p=0.004) The number of responders to HA increased through the study, whereas those to placebo did not change. Significant differences were also found in favour of HA for each individual component of the OARSI 2004. No safety problems were recorded.  The results of AMELIA offer pioneer evidence that repeated cycles of intra articular injections of HA not only improve knee osteoarthritis symptoms during the in between cycle period but also exert a marked carry over effect for at least 1 year after the last cycle. In this respect, it is not possible to establish if this carry over effect reflects true osteoarthritis remission or just a modification of the disease's natural course.
Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications.
Venue: Current vascular pharmacology
Year: 2009

Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides, the major pharmacologically active ingredients of ginseng, appear to be responsible for most of the activities of ginseng including vasorelaxation, antioxidation, anti inflammation and anti cancer. Approximately 40 ginsenoside compounds have been identified. Researchers now focus on using purified individual ginsenoside to reveal the specific mechanism of functions of ginseng instead of using whole ginseng root extracts. Individual ginsenosides may have different effects in pharmacology and mechanisms due to their different chemical structures. Among them the most commonly studied ginsenosides are Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Re, Rd and Rh1. The molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides have attracted much attention and hundreds of papers have been published in the last few years. The general purpose of this update is to provide information of recently described effects of ginsenosides on antioxidation, vascular system, signal transduction pathways and interaction with receptors. Their therapeutic applications in animal models and humans as well as the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ginsenosides are also discussed in this review. This review concludes with some thoughts for future directions in the further development of ginseng compounds as effective therapeutic agents.
Intuition and Decision Making A New Way of Thinking
Year: 2010

A new way of thinking and using our brain is required to meet 21st Century unexpected and multi dimensional challenges. Using models and strictly rational and logical processes is no longer sufficient in formulating successful solutions. The ability to forecast, identify trends, and make accurate predictions is becoming more critical in evaluating scenarios and making decisions. This study addresses the concept of intuition and the research demonstrates the important role that intuition plays in our thinking process whether we are conscious of it or not. The purpose of the study was to extract a better understanding of the intuitive thought process from participants' professional experiences. The findings indicate that intuition can provide clarity of thought and increase the speed of decision making while providing valid solutions and potentially induce a higher level of consciousness. From this research Dr. Surel created Intuitive Intelligence Training that incorporates findings in neuroscience, the heart function, remote viewing, and principles of quantum physics. This book will interest anyone wishing to shift their cognitive functions into multi dimensional thinking.