nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
From Alan Turing to modern AI: practical solutions and an implicit epistemic stance
Venue: AI SOCIETY
Year: 2016

It has been just over 100 years since the birth of Alan Turing and more than 65 years since he published in Mind his seminal paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence (Turing in Computing machinery and intelligence.  1950) In the Mind paper, Turing asked a number of questions, including whether computers could ever be said to have the power of "thinking" "I propose to consider the question, Can computers think?" .Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind, 1950) Turing also set up a number of criteria including his imitation game under which a human could judge whether a computer could be said to be "intelligent" Turing's paper, as well as his important mathematical and computational insights of the 1930s and 1940s led to his popular acclaim as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence" In the years since his paper was published, however, no computational system has fully satisfied Turing's challenge. In this paper we focus on a different question, ignored in, but inspired by Turing's work: How might the Artificial Intelligence practitioner implement "intelligence" on a computational device? Over the past 60 years, although the AI community has not produced a general purpose computational intelligence, it has constructed a large number of important artifacts, as well as taken several philosophical stances able to shed light on the nature and implementation of intelligence. This paper contends that the construction of any human artifact includes an implicit epistemic stance. In AI this stance is found in commitments to particular knowledge representations and search strategies that lead to a product's successes as well as its limitations. Finally, we suggest that computational and human intelligence are two different natural kinds, in the philosophical sense, and elaborate on this point in the conclusion.
Supervised dimension reduction for ordinal predictors
Venue: Comput. Stat. Data Anal.
Year: 2018

In applications involving ordinal predictors, common approaches to reduce dimensionality are either extensions of unsupervised techniques such as principal component analysis, or variable selection procedures that rely on modeling the regression function. In this paper, a supervised dimension reduction method tailored to ordered categorical predictors is introduced. It uses a model based dimension reduction approach, inspired by extending sufficient dimension reductions to the context of latent Gaussian variables. The reduction is chosen without modeling the response as a function of the predictors and does not impose any distributional assumption on the response or on the response given the predictors. A likelihood based estimator of the reduction is derived and an iterative expectation maximization type algorithm is proposed to alleviate the computational load and thus make the method more practical. A regularized estimator, which simultaneously achieves variable selection and dimension reduction, is also presented. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations and a real data example for socioeconomic index construction, comparing favorably to widespread use techniques.
Film Thickness Distribution Analysis of DC Magnetron Sputtering with Electromagnetic Field Simulation
Year: 2016

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Sipuleucel T immunotherapy for castration resistant prostate cancer.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine
Year: 2010

T, an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, has shown evidence of efficacy in reducing the risk of death among men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.  In this double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 512 patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive either sipuleucel T (341 patients) or placebo (171 patients) administered intravenously every 2 weeks, for a total of three infusions. The primary end point was overall survival, analyzed by means of a stratified Cox regression model adjusted for baseline levels of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and lactate dehydrogenase.  In the sipuleucel T group, there was a relative reduction of 22% in the risk of death as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.98; P=0.03) This reduction represented a 4.1 month improvement in median survival (25.8 months in the sipuleucel T group vs. 21.7 months in the placebo group) The 36 month survival probability was 31.7% in the sipuleucel T group versus 23.0% in the placebo group. The treatment effect was also observed with the use of an unadjusted Cox model and a log rank test (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97; P=0.02) and after adjustment for use of docetaxel after the study therapy (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98; P=0.03) The time to objective disease progression was similar in the two study groups. Immune responses to the immunizing antigen were observed in patients who received sipuleucel T. Adverse events that were more frequently reported in the sipuleucel T group than in the placebo group included chills, fever, and headache.  The use of sipuleucel T prolonged overall survival among men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. No effect on the time to disease progression was observed.
Tumor Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Resistance.
Venue: American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting
Year: 2016

The rapidly changing landscape of oncology has brought new light, and with it, new challenges to optimizing therapeutic strategies for patients. Although the concept of patient heterogeneity is well known to any practicing clinician, a more detailed understanding of the biologic changes that underscore the clinical picture is beginning to emerge. Thus, tumor heterogeneity has come to encompass more than just the clinical picture and can represent both intratumor and intertumor differences. Within the fields of thoracic oncology and melanoma, the discovery of key molecular drivers has resulted in landmark breakthroughs in therapy. However, the complexities of tumor genetics and the interaction within the environment continue to drive the search for better therapies. Ongoing challenges include the accurate and timely assessment of genetic changes as well as the development of resistance and the resultant compensatory mechanisms. Novel technologies, including commercially available next generation sequencing, have allowed for a greater breadth and depth of information to be gained from a single pathologic specimen, and it is now being incorporated into routine clinical practice. Translational advances have subsequently provided valuable insight into mechanisms of resistance, with the development of novel treatment strategies. Future work will focus on novel diagnostic techniques and adaptive mechanisms that can ultimately drive the development of the next generation of cancer therapy.
Export of food items from different ports and statistical analysis and forecast
Year: 2018

Export business is one of the leading businesses which fetch foreign trade and eventually helps raise economic stability. It enhances the local network through its growth of procurement of raw material and manufacturing the export worthy goods. All these activities can be optimized more efficiently if sound forecast is made based on past records. Analysis of the past records and derivation of conclusions is a part to be taken care of during the manufacturing process and after the forecast. This procedure deals with the segment which helps the planning and procurement of the goods and inventory of raw material to be purchased and stalked. In this paper the chronological records have been analyzed and using the regression analysis forecast is predicated.
Combining PSO and FCM for Dynamic Fuzzy Clustering Problems
Venue: ICSIBO
Year: 2014

This paper proposes a dynamic data clustering algorithm, called PSOFC, in which Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is combined with the fuzzy c means (FCM) clustering method to find the number of clusters and cluster centers concurrently. Fuzzy c means can be applied to data clustering problems but the number of clusters must be given in advance. This paper tries to overcome this shortcoming. In the evolutionary process of PSOFC, a discrete PSO is used to search for the best number of clusters. With a specified number of cluster, each particle employs FCM to refine cluster centers for data clustering. Thus PSOFC can automatically determine the best number of clusters during the data clustering process. Six datasets were used to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated that PSOFC is an effective algorithm for solving dynamic fuzzy clustering problems.
Microbiome dataset from Clara Cave and Empalme Sinkhole waters in Puerto Rico
Venue: Data in brief
Year: 2018

Camuy River Cave Park (CRCP) is an underground cave system located at the subtropical karst carved by the Camuy River in the subtropical moist forest of northern Puerto Rico (Nieves Rivera, 2003)  This article contains a metagenomic dataset from the microbial and functional diversity of Clara Cave and Empalme Sinkhole water samples. The environmental DNA (eDNA) from the samples was extracted following direct Metagenomic DNA Isolation method, followed by Next Generation Sequencing technology (Illumina MiSeq) The sequences were submitted to MG RAST online server for taxonomic profile generation and functional in silico description of the samples. The data consisted of domain Bacteria (96.69% followed up by Viruses (2.87% Eukaryotes (0.37% and Archaea (0.02% The data distribution by phyla showed Proteobacteria (92.61% Bacteroidetes (1.66% Actinobacteria (1.12% and Firmicutes (0.48% The subsystem functional data showed that 12.97% of genes were related to clustering based subsystems, 11.40% to carbohydrates, and 11.0% to amino acids and derivatives. The metagenome dataset generated will provide an understanding and comparison framework of the microbial composition and functional diversity present in caves.
Core losses profit in rural monophase transformers by means of percent impedance optimization
Venue: 2010 Modern Electric Power Systems
Year: 2010

This paper presents a study aiming the project of efficient monophase distribution transformers to be used in regions of low energy demand. In these regions, due to the clients profile, no load losses are more expressive than losses in copper. The study necessary for the realization of this work was based on a survey accomplished by AES Sul Distribuidora Gaucha de Energia in partnership with the High Voltage Laboratory of Federal University of Itajuba LAT EFEI. Through this study, it was found that most of the transformers in rural area operate with low demand, not exceeding, in some cases, the limit of 0, 3 p.u. In these conditions, it is necessary to prioritize the reduction of no load losses so that the transformer can operate efficiently. This work introduces an analysis based on optimization of the percent impedance of the monophase distribution transformer aiming the reduction of losses in the core, indicating that on contrary to common sense, the increase of the percent impedance can result in a transformer with low costs and low no load losses, presenting reduced total losses if used under indicated loading conditions.
A comparison of ultrasonography and radiography in the management of infants with suspected developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Venue: Acta orthopaedica Belgica
Year: 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of plain radiography in the detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip, using hip ultrasonography as a reference standard. A retrospective review was made in 44 infants ranging in age from 4 weeks to 50 weeks (mean age: 21.7 weeks) Both radiographic and ultrasonographic images were obtained for 86 hips. Radiography and ultrasonography were found to be significantly correlated in terms of classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip presence or absence (p 0.0001, Fisher's exact test) With ultrasonography accepted as the standard for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip, radiography had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 87% The results of this study suggest that the two imaging methods give similar overall results, but that low grade dysplasia detected on ultrasonography may go undetected on radiography.
The Effects of Pre reading Activities on Korean High School Students' English Reading Comprehension
Year: 2012

This study aimed to investigate the relative effect of different types of pre reading activities on Korean high school students' second language (L2) reading comprehension according to their English proficiency level advanced, intermediate, and low. The participants were 342 first year students who were administered reading comprehension tests under four different pre reading activities conditions: pre questioning, visual materials, pre teaching vocabulary and a no activity group. The results revealed that the pre questioning and the provision of visual materials significantly contributed to the comprehension of English reading texts; however, pre teaching vocabulary did not affect L2 reading comprehension. Also, the effects of pre reading activities were overall stronger in low level participants than in advanced or intermediate level subjects. The findings suggest that for the purpose of enhancing low level students' L2 reading comprehension it is essential for teachers to employ pre reading activities in the classroom.
Liquidity Risk and Bank Performance: An Empirical Test for Tunisian Banks
Year: 2017

An important part of banking literature was interested in the relationship between credit risk and bank performance. However, only few studies investigated the association between liquidity risk and bank performance. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of liquidity risk on the Tunisian bank performance. To this end, we used a sample of 10 Tunisian banks over the period 1990 2013. By applying panel data method, precisely random effect regression, results show that liquidity risk decreases significantly Tunisian bank performance. Also, findings indicate that international financial crisis and inflation act negatively and significantly on bank performance.
Performance Comparison of Phoneme Modeling using PNCC and RASTA PLP Features with various Optimization Algorithms for Neural Network Architectures
Venue: 2019 9th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication (ICACC)
Year: 2019

Speech is the basic means of human communication. It contains a lot of information in addition to the content one is conveying and words being spoken. These days, humans try to effectively communicate with machines. So, understanding of speech has become potentially useful. To communicate with machines, conversion of speech into text is required. This is the task of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system, which is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Phonemes are distinct speech sounds that a language uses. This work focuses on phoneme modeling in English language using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Experiments are carried out using PNCC (Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients) and RASTA PLP (Relative Spectral Transform Perceptual Linear Prediction) features and the results for different input sizes (corresponding to the number of adjacent frames of feature vectors used, containing different amount of contexual information) optimizing training functions, number of hidden layers and number of hidden nodes for the ANN are compared.
Targeted genotyping for the prediction of celiac disease autoimmunity development in patients with type 1 diabetes and their family members
Venue: World journal of diabetes
Year: 2019

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their first degree relatives (FDRs) have an increased risk of developing celiac disease (CD) compared to the general population. This is largely explained by the shared association with major histocompatibility class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and/or DQ8 between the two disease states.  To describe the frequency of CD autoimmunity (CDA) and the distribution of HLA and haptoglobin genotypes in patients with T1D and their FDRs. Additionally, we aimed at identifying predictors associated with an increased risk of developing CDA in patients with T1D and their family members.  We obtained clinical information and blood samples from 1027 participants (302 with T1D and 725 FDRs) over a five year period. Samples were tested for autoantibodies associated with CD, HLA DQ alleles, and haptoglobin genotype. We fit univariate and multiple logistic regression models for CDA separately for subjects with T1D and for FDRs of subjects with T1D. RESULTS Implementation of a screening program increased the frequency of CDA by 2 fold in participants with T1D and 2.8 fold in their FDRs. Multivariate analysis found that, in participants with T1D, having both DR7 DQ2 and DR4 DQ8 was associated with an increased frequency of CDA. In FDRs of T1D patients, reported CD in the family was associated with an increased frequency of CDA during screening. Haptoglobin 2 genotype was not associated with developing CDA in the multivariate analysis.  Patients with T1D and their FDRs have a high frequency of CDA. Carrying both DR7 DQ2 and DR4 DQ8 was associated with development of CDA in patients with T1D.
PEDOMAN ASESMEN KESADARAN LINGUISTIK SEBAGAI DASAR PENYUSUNAN PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA BAGI ANAK LEARNING DISABILITIES DI TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR PENYELENGGARA PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF
Year: 2018

Membaca pada dasarnya adalah aktivitas bahasa yang membutuhkan kesadaran linguistik. Bertolak dari beberapa hasil penelitian mengenai keterkaitan linguistik dengan membaca, maka dapat diasumsikan bahwa anak yang memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam aspek linguistik akan berdampak positif pada kemampuan membacanya. Untuk menyusun program pembelajaran membaca yang tepat bagi anak, dibutuhkan asesmen komperhensif guna mengetahui kemampuan, hambatan serta kebutuhan anak. Diperlukan suatu pedoman asesmen sebagai panduan bagi guru apa yang dilakukan dan direncanakan guru untuk pelayanan pendidikan anak dapat diwujudkan secara maksimal dan baik. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan suatu panduan/pedoman asesmen kesadaran linguistik yang komperhensif sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar penyusunan program pembelajaran membaca bagi anak learning disabilities di tingkat sekolah dasar penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif.
Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health
Venue: International Journal of Obesity
Year: 2008

This review aims to summarize the latest developments with regard to physical fitness and several health outcomes in young people. The literature reviewed suggests that (1) cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with total and abdominal adiposity; (2) both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness are shown to be associated with established and emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors; (3) improvements in muscular fitness and speed/agility, rather than cardiorespiratory fitness, seem to have a positive effect on skeletal health; (4) both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness enhancements are recommended in pediatric cancer patients/survivors in order to attenuate fatigue and improve their quality of life; and (5) improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness have positive effects on depression, anxiety, mood status and self esteem, and seem also to be associated with a higher academic performance. In conclusion, health promotion policies and physical activity programs should be designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, but also two other physical fitness components such us muscular fitness and speed/agility. Schools may play an important role by identifying children with low physical fitness and by promoting positive health behaviors such as encouraging children to be active, with special emphasis on the intensity of the activity.
Constraint energy minimizing generalized multiscale finite element method in the mixed formulation
Venue: Computational Geosciences
Year: 2018

This paper presents a novel mass conservative mixed multiscale method for solving flow equations in heterogeneous porous media. The media properties (the permeability) contain multiple scales and high contrast. The proposed method solves the flow equation in a mixed formulation on a coarse grid by constructing multiscale basis functions. The resulting velocity field is mass conservative on the fine grid. Our main goal is to obtain first order convergence in terms of the mesh size which is independent of local contrast. This is achieved, first, by constructing some auxiliary spaces, which contain global information that cannot be localized, in general. This is built on our previous work on the generalized multiscale finite element method (GMsFEM) In the auxiliary space, multiscale basis functions corresponding to small (contrast dependent) eigenvalues are selected. These basis functions represent the high conductivity channels (which connect the boundaries of a coarse block) Next, we solve local problems to construct multiscale basis functions for the velocity field. These local problems are formulated in the oversampled domain, taking into account some constraints with respect to auxiliary spaces. The latter allows fast spatial decay of local solutions and, thus, allows taking smaller oversampled regions. The number of basis functions depends on small eigenvalues of the local spectral problems. Moreover, multiscale pressure basis functions are needed in constructing the velocity space. Our multiscale spaces have a minimal dimension, which is needed to avoid contrast dependence in the convergence. The method's convergence requires an oversampling of several layers. We present an analysis of our approach. Our numerical results confirm that the convergence rate is first order with respect to the mesh size and independent of the contrast.
Calcium signalling in lymphocyte activation and disease
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Year: 2007

Calcium signals in cells of the immune system participate in the regulation of cell differentiation, gene transcription and effector functions. An increase in intracellular levels of calcium ions (Ca2+ results from the engagement of immunoreceptors, such as the T cell receptor, B cell receptor and Fc receptors, as well as chemokine and co stimulatory receptors. The major pathway that induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in lymphocytes is through store operated calcium entry (SOCE) and calcium release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. This Review focuses on the role of Ca2+ signals in lymphocyte functions, the signalling pathways leading to Ca2+ influx, the function of the recently discovered regulators of Ca2+ influx (STIM and ORAI) and the relationship between Ca2+ signals and diseases of the immune system.