nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The fabrication mechanism and spectral characteristics of Fiber Gratings fabricated by point by point direct writing based on femtosecond laser pulses
Venue: 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)
Year: 2019

In this paper, a series of fiber gratings with different spectrum characteristics are fabricated in standard telecommunication fiber without hydrogen loading by point by point direct writing method based on 100 femtosecond laser amplifier system at 800 nm central wavelength. They are including the fourth order fiber Bragg grating, fiber Bragg grating Fabry Perot cavity, sampling fiber Bragg grating and cascaded long period fiber grating. The experimental results show that the spectrum characteristics of fourth order fiber Bragg gratings with L=1.93 mm period are obtained at the center wavelength l=1394.5 nm, and the fiber Bragg grating Fabry Perot cavity can be inscribed when the gating period is L=1.95 mm. Furthermore, the sampled fiber Bragg gratings with different sampled periods are fabricated by adjusting the sampling period. Finally, the spectrum of the cascaded long period fiber gratings is achieved by changing the grating pitch of long period grating with 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm, respectively. This study will provide a powerful experimental gist and theoretical basis for the fabrication of different types of fiber gratings by femtosecond laser point by point writing directly method.
On a property of the nodal set of least energy sign changing solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations
Venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics
Year: 2019

In this note, we prove the Payne type conjecture about the behaviour of the nodal set of least energy sign changing solutions for the equation \Delta _p u f(u) in bounded Steiner symmetric domains \Omega \subset \open R}^N} under the zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. The nonlinearity f is assumed to be either superlinear or resonant. In the latter case, least energy sign changing solutions are second eigenfunctions of the zero Dirichlet p Laplacian in O. We show that the nodal set of any least energy sign changing solution intersects the boundary of O. The proof is based on a moving polarization argument.
Effect of air classified faba bean protein on feed production, physical pellet quality, performance, and protein digestibility in broiler chickens
Year: 2019

Faba bean seed is a good source of crude protein (CP) (293.06 g/kg DM) however soybean meal (SBM) is the dominant protein source in broiler chicken diets. With air classification technique, faba bean seeds can separate to starch and protein rich fractions. Faba bean protein (FBP) (airclassified) may be a superior protein source compared to SBM for broiler chickens. This study was conducted to compare SBM and FBP in broiler chickens fed with both pelleted and extruded diets. After air classification, the CP content of FBP was 632.41 g/kg DM. Pelleting and extrusion processes were used to produce the SBM and FBP based diets. Physical feed quality was analyzed by hardness, pellet durability index (PDI) particle size distribution, expansion rate, and water stability. The broiler chicken performances (body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) were lower in the group fed FBP diets compared to the SBM fed group. The poor performance could be caused by anti nutritional factors (especially heat stabile NSP and RFOs) The protein digestibility was analyzed in the digesta content of the upper jejunum, lower jejunum, upper ileum, and lower ileum. FBP extruded (0.902) had the highest protein digestibility followed by FBP pelleted (0.875) SBM extruded (0.824) and SBM pelleted (0.813) The limitation of FBP diets on broiler chicken performances should be investigated closely.
How to write an article: An introduction to basic scientific medical writing
Venue: Journal of minimal access surgery
Year: 2019

An original scientific article published in a peer reviewed professional journal of repute provides great personal satisfaction, adds stature and endows professional respectability to contributing authors. Various types of surgical publications that exist nowadays are case report, cohort study, case control study, randomised controlled trial narrative review, systematic review, Cochrane review, meta analysis, editorials and leading articles. A study/research protocol is a standardised document, common to all research projects that typically comprise study objectives, study design, selection of participants, study intervention, study evaluations, safety assessments, statistics and participant rights committees. Once the study protocol is completed and reviewed, it is submitted to the local Institutional Review Board/Institutional Ethics Committee for approval. An outline of the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation is available from the Centre for evidence based medicine at the University of Oxford. A standardised, structured template exists for scientific presentations in the field of medicine which is also followed in medical writing and publications  And Discussion (IMRAD) Instructions to authors would normally include reference to International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines for good and ethical publication practice. It is strongly advised to follow the recommended guidelines appropriate for the published study.
Scheduling in Non Blocking Buffered Three Stage Switching Fabrics
Venue: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications
Year: 2006

Three stage non blocking switching fabrics are the next step in scaling current crossbar switches to many hundreds or few thousands of ports. Congestion (output contention) management is the central open problem without it, performance suffers heavily under real world traffic patterns. Centralized schedulers for bufferless crossbars manage output contention but are not scalable to high valencies and to multi stage fabrics. Distributed scheduling, as in buffered crossbars, is scalable but has never been scaled beyond crossbars. We combine ideas from centralized and from distributed schedulers, from request grant protocols, and from credit based flow control, to propose a novel, practical architecture for scheduling in non blocking buffered switching fabrics. The new architecture relies on multiple, independent, single resource schedulers, operating in a pipeline. It: (i) does not need internal speedup; (ii) directly operates on variable size packets or multi packet segments; (iii) isolates well behaved from congested flows; (iv) provides delays that successfully compete against output queueing; (v) provides 95% or better throughput under unbalanced traffic; (vi) provides weighted max min fairness; (vii) resequences cells or segments using very small buffers; (viii) can be realistically implemented for a 1024x1024 reference fabric made out of 32x32 buffered crossbar switch elements at 10 Gbps line rate. This paper carefully studies the many intricacies of the problem and the solution, discusses implementation, and provides performance simulation results.
Feedforward neural control of toe walking in humans
Venue: The Journal of physiology
Year: 2018

Activation of ankle muscles at ground contact during toe walking is unaltered when sensory feedback is blocked or the ground is suddenly dropped. Responses in the soleus muscle to transcranial magnetic stimulation, but not peripheral nerve stimulation, are facilitated at ground contact during toe walking. We argue that toe walking is supported by feedforward control at ground contact.
g Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) Activatable Fluorescence Probe for Durable Tumor Imaging.
Venue: Angewandte Chemie
Year: 2020

U Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is overexpressed in several types of cancer. Existing GGT targeting fluorescence probes can image these cancers, but the fluorescent hydrolysis product leaks from the target cancer cells during prolonged incubation or fixation. Here, we present a functionalized fluorescence probe for GGT, 4 CH 2 F HMDiEtR gGlu, which is designed to generate an azaquinone methide intermediate during activation by GGT; this intermediate reacts with intracellular nucleophiles to generate a fluorescent adduct that is trapped inside the cells, without loss of the target enzyme activity. Application of the probe to patient derived xenograft (PDX) mice enabled in vivo cancer imaging for a prolonged period, and was also compatible with fixation and immunostaining of the cancer tissue.
Ji Yu ASP.NETDe "WebWang Zhan She Ji "Wang Luo Jiao Xue Xi Tong De Ying Yong Yu Yan Jiu
Year: 2007

Ben Wen Jie Shao Liao Bi Zhe Ji Yu ASP.NETJi Zhu  "WebWang Zhan She Ji "Wang Luo Jiao Xue Xi Tong ,Gai Xi Tong Chong Fen Kao Lu Liao Jiao Xue Guo Cheng Zhong De Shi Sheng Xing Wei ,Rong Ru Liao Chuan Tong Jiao Xue De Zhu  Huan Jie Gai  Yu Xue Sheng De Jiao Liu Xue Sheng Yu Xue Sheng De Xue Xi Jiao Liu Zuo Ye Fa Bu Yu Zi Dong Pi Gai Deng "Ji Suan Ji Fu Zhu Jiao Xue Xi Tong "He "Ji Suan Ji Kao Shi Xi Tong "Du Rong Ru Liao Wang Luo Jiao Xue Xi Tong
The Emergence of a Stable Neuronal Ensemble from a Wider Pool of Activated Neurons in the Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Appetitive Learning in Mice
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Year: 2020

Animals selectively respond to environmental cues associated with food reward to optimize nutrient intake. Such appetitive conditioned stimulus unconditioned stimulus (CS US) associations are thought to be encoded in select, stable neuronal populations or neuronal ensembles, which undergo physiological modifications during appetitive conditioning. These ensembles in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) control well established, cue evoked food seeking, but the mechanisms involved in the genesis of these ensembles are unclear. Here, we used male Fos GFP mice that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in recently behaviorally activated neurons, to reveal how dorsal mPFC neurons are recruited and modified to encode CS US memory representations using an appetitive conditioning task. In the initial conditioning session, animals did not exhibit discriminated, cue selective food seeking, but did so in later sessions indicating that a CS US association was established. Using microprism based in vivo 2 Photon imaging, we revealed that only a minority of neurons activated during the initial session was consistently activated throughout subsequent conditioning sessions and during cue evoked memory recall. Notably, using ex vivo electrophysiology, we found that neurons activated following the initial session exhibited transient hyperexcitability. Chemogenetically enhancing the excitability of these neurons throughout subsequent conditioning sessions interfered with the development of reliable cue selective food seeking, indicated by persistent, nondiscriminated performance. We demonstrate how appetitive learning consistently activates a subset of neurons to form a stable neuronal ensemble during the formation of a CS US association. This ensemble may arise from a pool of hyperexcitable neurons activated during the initial conditioning session.  Appetitive conditioning endows cues associated with food with the ability to guide food seeking, through the formation of a food cue association. Neuronal ensembles in the mPFC control established cue evoked food seeking. However, how neurons undergo physiological modifications and become part of an ensemble during conditioning remain unclear. We found that only a minority of dorsal mPFC neurons activated on the initial conditioning session became consistently activated during conditioning and memory recall. These initially activated neurons were also transiently hyperexcitable. We demonstrate the following: (1) how stable neuronal ensemble formation in the dorsal mPFC underlies appetitive conditioning; and (2) how this ensemble may arise from hyperexcitable neurons activated before the establishment of cue evoked food seeking.
Consumer engagement in social media: scale comparison analysis
Year: 2020

Engagement is a construct that varies according to the subject, object and context; this has been used to justify the coexistence of a variety of construct definitions and scales. Instead of proposing a new scale, this paper aims to create a procedure for comparing scales and to use it to evaluate brand engagement measures in social media.,This study first defines a procedure for the selection, standardization and comparison of scales; this procedure considers both the classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) The authors apply the procedure in a survey of 233 respondents to compare three scales for measuring consumer engagement with brands in social media.,The establishment of a procedure for scale comparison is useful in assisting researchers to choose specific measures. Results showed that the three scales have similar characteristics, but Vivek et al.'s (2014) scale is recommended when better discrimination between construct dimensions is required, Hollebeek et al.'s (2014) scale could be used as a one dimensional scale and Dessart et al.'s (2016) reduced scale has better ability to capture information for the affective and cognitive dimensions. None of the scales were very efficient in discriminating weakly and strongly engaged individuals.,This study makes a substantive contribution by proposing a procedure for scale comparison that considers CTT and IRT and shows the advantages, limitations and recommendations for using three different scales of consumer engagement.
Shear wave velocity based evaluation of liquefaction resistance for calcareous sands of different origin
Venue: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
Year: 2019

This paper presents the results of an experimental research carried out in laboratory aimed at establishing a relationship between cyclic liquefaction resistance (CRRfield) and corrected shear wave velocity (VS1) of carbonate sands. Two carbonate skeletal sands, namely Quiou and Dubai, were investigated together with a carbonate non skeletal sand from Kenya. The programme included also tests on two silica sands prepared and tested in similar conditions for comparison purposes. The research was based on undrained cyclic simple shear tests and bender element tests in triaxial cell performed on reconstituted specimens of sand at different initial density and stress states. The results obtained highlight that data points for carbonate sands are all located to the right of the currently used cyclic liquefaction resistance vs. shear wave velocity curves suggested for silica sands, implying that the latter curves should be considered non conservative when applied to carbonate crushable sands. An insight into the effect of the initial effective vertical stress on liquefaction susceptibility of carbonate sands was presented and a stress normalization procedure was also proposed.
Unintended Side Effects of Digital Transition: Perspectives of Japanese Experts
Year: 2017

The core of the digital transition is the representation of all kinds of real world entities and processes and an increasing number of cognitive processes by digital information and algorithms on computers. These allow for seemingly unlimited storage, operation, retrieval, and transmission capacities that make digital tools economically available for all domains of society and empower human action, particularly combined with real world interfaces such as displays, robots, sensors, 3D printers, etc. Digital technologies are general purpose technologies providing unprecedented potential benefits for sustainability. However, they will bring about a multitude of potential unintended side effects, and this demands a transdisciplinary discussion on unwanted societal changes as well as a shift in science from analog to digital modeling and structure. Although social discourse has begun, the topical scope and regional coverage have been limited. Here, we report on an expert roundtable on digital transition held in February 2017 in Tokyo, Japan. Drawing on a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, our discussions highlight the importance of cultural contexts and the need to bridge local and global conversations. Although Japanese experts did mention side effects, their focus was on how to ensure that AI and robots could coexist with humans. Such a perspective is not well appreciated everywhere outside Japan. Stakeholder dialogues have already begun in Japan, but greater efforts are needed to engage a broader collection of experts in addition to stakeholders to broaden the social debate.
Phylogeography of the Hypnea musciformis species complex (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) with the recognition of cryptic species in the western Atlantic Ocean
Venue: Journal of phycology
Year: 2019

Populations of the marine benthic red macroalgae Hypnea musciformis and Hypnea pseudomusciformis along the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were tested for phylogeographic structure using the DNA barcode COI 5P combined with rbcL for the construction of the phylogenetic tree. Strong patterns of genetic structure were detected across 210 COI 5P DNA sequences, and 37 COI 5P haplotypes were found, using multiple statistical approaches. Hypnea musciformis was found in the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic, the Mediterrean Sea, Namibia, and along the Pacific coast of Mexico. Two new putative species were detected, Hypnea sp. 1 in the Caribbean Sea and Hypnea sp. 2 in the Dominican Republic. Three distinct marine phylogeographic provinces were recognized in the Southern Hemisphere for H. pseudomusciformis: Uruguay, South Southeast Brazil, and Northeast Brazil. The degree of genetic isolation and distinctness among these provinces varied considerably. The Uruguay province was the most genetically distinct, as characterized by four unique haplotypes not shared with any of the Brazilian populations. Statistically significant results support both, isolation by distance and isolation by environment hypotheses, explaining the formation and mantainance of phylogeographic structuring along the Uruguay Brazil coast. Geographic, taxonomic and molecular marker concordances were found between our H. pseudomusciformis results and published studies. Furthermore, our data indicate that the Hawaiian introduced populations of H. musciformis contain Hypnea sp. 1 haplotypes, the current known distribution of which is restricted to the Caribbean.
Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Linseed Alone or Together with Tomato Red Pepper Mix on Laying Hens' Egg Yolk Fatty Acids Profile and Health Lipid Indexes
Venue: Nutrients
Year: 2019

This study evaluated the effect of linseed incorporation in laying hens' feed (alone or along with a tomato red pepper mix) on laying hens' egg yolk fatty acids profile, as well as on their atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indexes, and the ratio between the hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HH) Sixty 27 weeks old Novogen White laying hens were divided into three groups and given 100 g/hen/day of a standard diet (Control, C) containing 4.5% of ground linseed (Linseed diet, L) containing 1% of dried tomato paste and 1% sweet red pepper (Lineseeds Tomato Pepper, LTP) The linseed dietary inclusion significantly reduced the egg yolk content of palmitic acid from 25.41% (C) to 23.43% (L) and that of stearic acid from 14.75% (C) to 12.52% (L) Feeding 4.5% ground linseed did not affect the egg yolk content of a Linolenic acid but significantly increased the egg yolk concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from 0.011% (C) to 0.047% (L) and that of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 1.94% (C) to 2.73% (L) The IA and the HH were not affected (p 0.05) by the dietary addition of linseed, whereas the IT decreased (p 0.05) from 1.16 (C) to 0.86 (L) Adding tomato sweet red pepper mix to the linseed supplemented feed did not affect the measured parameters as compared to the linseed dietary treatment.
The impact of avatar owner visual similarity on body ownership in immersive virtual reality
Venue: VRST
Year: 2017

In this paper we report on an investigation of the effects of a self avatar's visual similarity to a user's actual appearance, on their perceptions of the avatar in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) experience. We conducted a user study to examine the participant's sense of body ownership, presence and visual realism under three levels of avatar owner visual similarity: (L1) an avatar reconstructed from real imagery of the participant's appearance, (L2) a cartoon like virtual avatar created by a 3D artist for each participant, where the avatar shoes and clothing mimic that of the participant, but using a low fidelity model, and (L3) a cartoon like virtual avatar with a pre defined appearance for the shoes and clothing. Surprisingly, the results indicate that the participants generally exhibited the highest sense of body ownership and presence when inhabiting the cartoon like virtual avatar mimicking the outft of the participant (L2) despite the relatively low participant similarity. We present our experiment and main findings, also, discuss the potential impact of a self avatar's visual differences on human perceptions in IVR.
Restructuring centipedes and their applications to fast extraction of structures in Electron Microscope tomography images
Venue: 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics
Year: 2010

We present a class of region based deformable contour models dubbed restructuring centipedes, R centipedes. R centipedes can automatically change their structures in order to extract multiple objects and their internal parts from complex medical and Electron Microscope (EM) tomography images. On the contrary to the topologically flexible edge based T snakes and the implicit level set snakes, 1) R centipedes do not rely on any image preprocessing such as the isotropic Gaussian smoothing and/or threshold setting needed for removing spurious and weak edges, and 2) they don't get stuck with textural artifacts which are abundantly found in EM tomography images. The R centipedes have several desirable features, including geometrical flexibility, high speed, accuracy and insensitivity with respect to their initial positions, which make them useful tools in complex applications where demand is high for automatic object extraction and 3D visualization with non or minimal user interaction.
Astrochemistry During the Formation of Stars
Venue: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Year: 2020

Star forming regions show a rich and varied chemistry, including the presence of complex organic molecules in both the cold gas distributed on large scales and the hot regions close to young stars where protoplanetary disks arise. Recent advances in observational techniques have opened new possibilities for studying this chemistry. In particular, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array has made it possible to study astrochemistry down to Solar System size scales while also revealing molecules of increasing variety and complexity. In this review, we discuss recent observations of the chemistry of star forming environments, with a particular focus on complex organic molecules, taking context from the laboratory experiments and chemical models that they have stimulated. The key takeaway points include the following: The physical evolution of individual sources plays a crucial role in their inferred chemical signatures and remains an important area for observations and models to elucidate. Comparisons of the abundances measured toward different star forming environments (high mass versus low mass, Galactic Center versus Galactic disk) reveal a remarkable similarity, which is an indication that the underlying chemistry is relatively independent of variations in their physical conditions. Studies of molecular isotopologues in star forming regions provide a link with measurements in our own Solar System, and thus may shed light on the chemical similarities and differences expected in other planetary systems.