nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
FACADE RECONSTRUCTION FOR TEXTURED LOD2 CITYGML MODELS BASED ON DEEP LEARNING AND MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Venue: ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Year: 2019

The paper describes a workflow for generating LoD3 CityGML models (i.e. semantic building models with structured facades) based on textured LoD2 CityGML models by adding window and door objects. For each wall texture, bounding boxes of windows and doors are detected using "Faster R CNN" a deep neural network. We evaluate results for textures with different resolutions on the ICG Graz50 facade dataset. In general, detected bounding boxes match very well with the rectangular shape of most wall openings. Thus, no further classification of shapes is required. Windows are typically aligned to rows and columns, and only a few different types of windows exist for each facade. However, the neural network proposes rectangles of varying sizes, which are not always aligned perfectly. Thus, we use post processing to obtain a more realistic appearance of facades. Window and door rectangles get aligned by solving a mixed integer linear optimization problem, which automatically leads to a clustering of these openings into few different classes of window and door types. Furthermore, an a priori knowledge about the number of clusters is not required.
Learning, Memory, and Syntactic Bootstrapping: A Meditation
Venue: Top. Cogn. Sci.
Year: 2020

Lila Gleitman's body of work on word learning raises an apparent paradox. Whereas work on syntactic bootstrapping depends on learners retaining information about the set of distributional contexts that a word occurs in, work on identifying a word's referent suggests that learners do not retain information about the set of extralinguistic contexts that a word occurs in. I argue that this asymmetry derives from the architecture of the language faculty. Learners expect words with similar meanings to have similar distributions, and so learning depends on a memory for syntactic environments. The referential context in which a word is used is less constrained and hence contributes less to the memories that drive word learning.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the functional content of organic aerosols: a review.
Venue: Environmental pollution
Year: 2014

The knowledge deficit of organic aerosol (OA) composition has been identified as the most important factor limiting our understanding of the atmospheric fate and implications of aerosol. The efforts to chemically characterize OA include the increasing utilization of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) Since 1998, the functional composition of different types, sizes and fractions of OA has been studied with one dimensional, two dimensional and solid state proton and carbon 13 NMR. This led to the use of functional group ratios to reconcile the most important sources of OA, including secondary organic aerosol and initial source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. Future research efforts may be directed towards the optimization of experimental parameters, detailed NMR experiments and analysis by pattern recognition methods to identify the chemical components, determination of the NMR fingerprints of OA sources and solid state NMR to study the content of OA as a whole.
Introducing blockchains for healthcare
Venue: 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA)
Year: 2017

Blockchains as a technology emerged to facilitate money exchange transactions and eliminate the need for a trusted third party to notarize and verify such transactions as well as protect data security and privacy. New structures of Blockchains have been designed to accommodate the need for this technology in other fields such as e health, tourism and energy. This paper is concerned with the use of Blockchains in managing and sharing electronic health and medical records to allow patients, hospitals, clinics, and other medical stakeholder to share data amongst themselves, and increase interoperability. The selection of the Blockchains used architecture depends on the entities participating in the constructed chain network. Although the use of Blockchains may reduce redundancy and provide caregivers with consistent records about their patients, it still comes with few challenges which could infringe patients' privacy, or potentially compromise the whole network of stakeholders. In this paper, we investigate different Blockchains structures, look at existing challenges and provide possible solutions. We focus on challenges that may expose patients' privacy and the resiliency of Blockchains to possible attacks.
Applications of Blockchains in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey
Venue: IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials
Year: 2019

The blockchain technology has revolutionized the digital currency space with the pioneering cryptocurrency platform named Bitcoin. From an abstract perspective, a blockchain is a distributed ledger capable of maintaining an immutable log of transactions happening in a network. In recent years, this technology has attracted significant scientific interest in research areas beyond the financial sector, one of them being the Internet of Things (IoT) In this context, the blockchain is seen as the missing link toward building a truly decentralized, trustless, and secure environment for the IoT and, in this survey, we aim to shape a coherent and comprehensive picture of the current state of the art efforts in this direction. We start with fundamental working principles of blockchains and how blockchain based systems achieve the characteristics of decentralization, security, and auditability. From there, we build our narrative on the challenges posed by the current centralized IoT models, followed by recent advances made both in industry and research to solve these challenges and effectively use blockchains to provide a decentralized, secure medium for the IoT.
Synchrony in Old Age: Playing the Mirror Game Improves Cognitive Performance.
Venue: Clinical gerontologist
Year: 2020

Studies have shown that synchronized motion between people positively affects a range of emotional and social functions. The mirror game is a synchrony based paradigm, common to theater, performance arts, and therapy, which includes dyadic synchronized motion, playfulness, and spontaneity. The goal of the current study is to examine the effects of the mirror game on subjective and cognitive indices in late life.  Thirty four older adults (aged 71 98) participated in a within group study design. Participants conducted two sessions of 9 minute movement activities: the mirror game and the control condition a physical exercise class. Several measures were taken before and after experimental sessions to assess socio emotional and attentional functions.  The mirror game enhanced performance on the attention sub scale and led to faster detections of spoken words in noise. Further, it enhanced perceived partner responsiveness and led to an increase in positive reported experience.  Our preliminary findings suggest that the mirror game, rather than the exercise class, may have an immediate impact on mood and some attentional functions.  The mirror game is a novel intervention, with potential benefits of social emotional and cognitive functioning, which can be easily implemented into the daily routine care of older adults. Future studies should explore the effect of the mirror game on additional cognitive and socio emotional aspects.
Videogame analysis: a social semiotic approach
Year: 2017

The relevance of videogames in the contemporary cultural ecosystem and their social impact make it necessary to develop theories and analytical models to understand the expressive potential of videogame design, and how videogames work as texts, giving shape to certain values, behavioural patterns and ideological visions. To do so, it is crucial to build a bridge between game studies and contemporary semiotics. Thus, with this aim, we present in this paper an analysis model for studying videogames as texts that combines theoretical and methodological elements from social semiotics and procedural rhetorics, a specific branch of game studies. Our model is based on four levels: the narrative, ludo narrative, system gameplay and designer player dimensions. As a case study, the model is applied to the videogame The Last of Us.
Idolization and ramification between globalization and ecological footprints: evidence from quantile on quantile approach
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Year: 2019

Globalization persists the tendency to alter numerous aspects of today's world including religion, transport, language, living styles, and international relations; however, its potential to influence quality of environment is the prime concern for trade and environmental policies guidelines (Audi and Ali 2018) In response to the growing interest for identifying the dynamic relationship between globalization and environmental performance, the present study seeks to investigate the critical link between globalization and ecological footprints in top 15 globalized countries between 1970 and 2016. Applying the novel methods of quantile on quantile regression (QQ) and Granger causality in quantiles, the findings examine the manners in which quantiles of globalization affect the quantiles of ecological footprints and vice versa. The empirical results suggest that globalization has a long term positive effect on ecological footprint and vice versa in case of Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Canada, and Portugal. On the other hand, the estimated results indicate a negative effect between globalization and ecological footprint in the case of France, Germany, the UK, and Hungary. These results extend the recent findings on the globalization environment nexus implying that the magnitude of relationship among both variables varies with countries demanding individual focus and cautions for postulating environmental and trade policies.
MathAuthor: Authoring Interactive Math Exercises for the Web
Venue: CSEDU
Year: 2016

The creation of online exercise sheets or interactive lecture notes for math courses still poses many challenges for teachers. Authoring tools of e learning systems typically do not directly support the rendering of mathematic equations. Teachers are therefore required to find and install additional plugins. Visual elements such as plots, drawings or diagrams have to be created using external tools. Exercise questions and student responses are mostly restricted to simple multiple choice or fixed answer questions, since common e learning systems are not able to process mathematic expressions. With MathAuthor we propose an authoring environment tailored to the specific needs of math educators. MathAuthor allows teachers to quickly create interactive exercises with various types of mathematic responses (e.g. functions, solution sets etc. Its web based editing functionality allows a real time preview of all created content elements including equations and interactive input fields. MathAuthor also proposes a language for describing mathematic plots and 3D drawings, allowing teachers to easily embed graphics (e.g. function curves or vector geometry drawings) MathAuthor can provide immediate feedback to student responses. This feedback is generated purely in Javascript, thus requiring no special server component. As a consequence, it is easy to integrate the resulting exercise sheets into existing websites and e learning systems.
Endurance of Women in Afghan Society in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns (Book review)
Year: 2020

Women's condition in Afghan society as depicted by Khaled Hosseini in his novel A Thousand Splendid Suns is miserable. This novel focuses on how the women are victims of the patriarchal despotism, and also explores on the endurance as a typical characteristics of women in Afghan society. Khaled Hosseini (2007) depicts the plight of Afghan women realistically in his novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns. It is about "the tragedy of Mariam's life. Rather it is better to say that this is the unavoidable destiny of many women. A woman is exploited everywhere" (Jana, 2013 P.7) Afghan women are living a pitiable life not only because of patriarchal social structure but also because of the war and crisis even in the 21 century. The women have been treated indifferently and have become major sufferers during the time of Russian invasion in Afghanistan. It is a story of women's sufferings and endurance on the one hand, and hopes and struggle for living on the other. Hosseini (2007) depicts a pathetic life situation of women, as he writes about the condition of a major female character of the novel; "Nana has been one of the housekeepers. Until her belly to swell"(P. 6) Nana's daughter, Mariam and her husband Rasheed's second wife Laila suffer a lot; but both of them have an unbelievable endurance to tolerate even in the difficult situation. Women have a typical quality of endurance even in the most difficult situation, as Nana says, "It's our lot in life, Mariam, women like us. We endure. It's all we have" (Hosseini, 2007, P. 18) Both Mariam and Laila, who were forced to marry Rasheed, had to face the same problem being physically and mentally oppressed from him. They make a mutual bond to support each other and try to resist over the extreme form of domination. They were the victims of patriarchy at the domestic level manifested as the domestic violence on the one hand, and the socio cultural Taliban rule on the other. During Taliban's tenure, women were treated inhumanely. Sharia Law was enforced which restricted women from enjoying their fundamental natural rights.
Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives.
Year: 2007

Foreword (Will Kymlicka) Preface (James A. Banks) Contributors and Conference Participants.  Crosscutting Issues and Concepts.  Democratic Citizenship Education in Multicultural Societies (James A. Banks) 1. Migration, Citizenship, and Education (Stephen Castles) 2. Higher Learning: Educational Availability and Flexible Citizenship in Global Space (Aihwa Ong) 3. Unity and Diversity in Democratic Multicultural Education: Creative and Destructive Tensions (Amy Gutmann) PART TWO: The United States and Canada. 4. Culture Versus Citizenship: The Challenge of Racialized Citizenship in the United States (Gloria Ladson Billings) 5. Citizenship and Multicultural Education in Canada: From Assimilation to Social Cohesion (Reva Joshee) PART THREE: South Africa and Brazil. 6. Citizenship Education and Political Literacy in South Africa (Kogila A. Moodley and Heribert Adam) 7. Citizenship and Education in Brazil: The Contribution of Indian Peoples and Blacks in the Struggle for Citizenship and Recognition (Petronilha Beatriz Goncalves e Silva) PART FOUR: England, Germany, and Russia) 8. Diversity and Citizenship Education in England (Peter Figueroa) 9. Ethnic Diversity and Citizenship Education in Germany (Sigrid Luchtenberg) 10. Citizenship Education and Ethnic Issues in Russia (Isak D. Froumin) PART FIVE: Japan, India, and China. 11. Expanding the Borders of the Nation: Ethnic Diversity and Citizenship Education in Japan (Stephen Murphy Shigematsu) 12. Crisis of Citizenship Education in the Indian Republic: Contestation Between Cultural Monists and Pluralists (T. K. Oommen) 13. Ethnic Diversity and Citizenship Education in the People's Republic of China (Wan Minggang) PART SIX: Israel and Palestine. 14. Diversity and Citizenship Education in Israel (Moshe Tatar) 15. Educating for Citizenship in the New Palestine (Fouad Moughrabi) PART SEVEN: Curriculum for Diversity, Democracy, and Citizenship Education. 16. Diversity, Globalization, and Democratic Education: Curriculum Possibilities (Walter C. Parker) Diversity, Democracy, Globalization, and Citizenship: A Bibliography. Name Index.
Roles of Organizational Cultural, Networks, Interpersonal Relationships, and Leadership Challenges: An Empirical Investigation of Women in Management
Year: 2017

The presence of women in workplace has increased in last decades surrounded by leadership challenges that negatively marked their progress. The aims of the current work are to examine the research gap on Jordanian female managers and to investigate the challenges that women encounter in private and public sectors. Further, this work also investigates the effects of organizational culture, networks, and interpersonal relationships on the leadership challenges that women face in the Jordanian workplace. The current work employed quantitative methods to gather accessible data from the sample of the study. Measures used in this study are demographic characteristics, leadership challenges, organizational cultural, networks, and interpersonal relationships. Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach as a statistical method was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the most leadership challenges faced by women are organizational networks and interpersonal relationships. Further, results of PLS showed that significant and positive effects carried out by organizational networks and interpersonal relationships and organizational culture on leadership challenges. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are presented and discussed.
Context Representation Context Self Attention Attentive Context Word Processor Fully Connected ELMo Word LSTM Entity Representation Hidden States Entity LSTM Hidden States Sentence LSTM Word Processor Char level Character Embedding Character LSTM Word level Word Emb Word Representation Postag Emb EL
Year: 2019

This paper presents a novel framework, MGNER, for Multi Grained Named Entity Recognition where multiple entities or entity mentions in a sentence could be nonoverlapping or totally nested. Different from traditional approaches regarding NER as a sequential labeling task and annotate entities consecutively, MGNER detects and recognizes entities on multiple granularities: it is able to recognize named entities without explicitly assuming non overlapping or totally nested structures. MGNER consists of a Detector that examines all possible word segments and a Classifier that categorizes entities. In addition, contextual information and a self attention mechanism are utilized throughout the framework to improve the NER performance. Experimental results show that MGNER outperforms current state of the art baselines up to 4.4% in terms of the F1 score among nested/non overlapping NER tasks.
Empowering Human Performance: A Case Study of Team Resource Management in CHC
Year: 2020

V SAMMENDRAG VI LIST OF TABLES X LIST OF FIGURES X ABBREVIATIONS XI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM 2 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1.3.1 Does CRM work? 2 1.3.2 CRM in other fields. 4 1.3.3 CRM in relation to organizations as a whole 5 1.4 OBJECTIVES 7 1.5 LIMITATIONS 8 1.6 STRUCTURE 8 CHAPTER 2: CHC 9 2.1 CANADIAN HOLDING COMPANY 9 2.2 REGULATORY CONTEXT 10 2.3 SUMBURGH ACCIDENT IN CHC, ABERDEEN. 11 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 12 PART 1: ORGANIZATIONAL RISK AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 13 3.1 RISK AND SAFETY 13 3.1.1 Risk perception 15 3.1.2 Safety culture 16 3.1.3 Safety leadership 17 3.2 NORMAL ACCIDENT THEORY 18 3.3 RELIABILITY IN ORGANIZATIONS 18 3.4 INFORMATION PROCESSING IN ORGANIZATIONS 20 VIII 3.5 RISK MANAGEMENT IN A DYNAMIC SOCIETY 21 PART 2: HUMAN FACTORS. 23 3.6 UNPACKING THE TERM CREW  23 3.7 NON TECHNICAL SKILLS 26 3.7.1 Situation awareness 26 3.7.2 Decision making 28 3.7.3 Communication 29 3.7.4 Teamwork 31 3.7.5 Stress management and coping 32 3.7.6 Fatigue management and coping 32 3.8 TEAM, GROUP, AND CREW 33 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 36 4.1 HOW THIS CASE STUDY CAME ABOUT 36 4.2 CASE STUDY AS RESEARCH APPROACH 36 4.3 RESEARCH PROCESS AS CONDUCTED 38 4.4 DATA SOURCES AND COLLECTION 39 4.4.1 Interviews and selection of informants 39 4.4.2 Documents for analysis 42 4.5 DATA REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS 43 4.6 CRITERIA OF RESEARCH QUALITY 44 4.6.1 Reliability 44 4.6.2 Validity 46 4.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 48 4.8 STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES OF RESEARCH DESIGN 49 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS 52 PART 1: REGULATIONS AND SAFETY IN CHC 52 5.1 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 52 5.2 CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 54 5.3 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 55 5.4 SUMBURGH HELICOPTER ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION 56 PART 2: TEAM RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROJECT AT CHC 57 5.5 TEAM RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT CHC 57
Music and Dyslexia: The Therapeutic Use of Instrument (Piano) Training with a Child with Dyslexia (A Case Study)
Year: 2017

Dyslexia is defined as a difficulty in learning at an expected level according to age, intelligence and education that is given, even though the intelligence level of the individual is normal or above normal. Individuals with dyslexia have difficulties in many developmental areas that can be considered in the scope of music therapy. Interventions using multi and interdisciplinary approaches can support children with dyslexia to overcome their difficulties. There are studies showing that music interventions involving children with dyslexia provide both therapeutic and educational support for these children. In this study, instrument training as an intervention that helps children with dyslexia will be presented by referring the effects of music on the learning process. Instrument training sessions in which the piano was preferred as an agent, were carried out once a week for 45 minutes throughout an 8 month period. Various supplementary musical activities such as sight reading and writing notes, rhythmic exercises, improvisation trials and public performing were included in the process. During the sessions, the child was systematically reinforced. All the sessions were recorded with a video camera and the recordings were analyzed and reported in the form of descriptive analysis. Findings refer positive progress in all developmental areas especially in social and emotional development in addition to the musical development while music made a significant effect on motivating the child with dyslexia and a significant role in contributing to the learning process.  Dyslexia, Music, Instrument Training.
Compositional Characterization of Bitumen/Water Emulsion Films by Negative and Positive Ion Electrospray Ionization and Field Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
Year: 2007

By means of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT ICR MS) and automated field desorption/ionization (FD) FT ICR MS, we identify nonvolatile nonpolar, polar acidic, and basic water in bitumen emulsion film stabilizers. Highly condensed aromatic basic, nonpolar, and acidic asphaltene multilayered films stabilize emulsions near or at critical bitumen concentration for asphaltene flocculation. Solvent diluent added beyond the critical dilution concentration precipitates highly condensed acidic, all basic, and most neutral species from the oil/water interface. The most abundant classes in high bitumen concentration emulsion films include neutral pure hydrocarbons and S, acidic O2 and O2S, and basic N and NS heteroatom classes. Highly abundant low bitumen concentration emulsion film stabilizers include acidic O2, O4, and O3S classes.