nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Unburdening the Shoulders of Giants: A Quest for Disconnected Academic Psychology
Venue: Perspectives on psychological science a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
Year: 2020

In current academic psychology, scholars typically develop their research and ideas by drawing on the work of other contemporary and preceding psychological scientists and by following certain conventions of the field. I refer to this variant of psychology as connected because the emphasis is on connecting various research findings and ideas generated by different scholars (e.g. by showing how they are related to each other via referencing) In this article, I argue that, although connected psychology advances psychological knowledge, it restricts the total amount of knowledge that could eventually be produced and therefore limits the potential of the discipline to improve the understanding of psychological phenomena. As a solution, I propose that, alongside the currently existing connected psychology, disconnected psychology should be established. In disconnected psychology, researchers develop their ideas by following the main principles of psychological method, but they are disconnected from a "field" consisting of other psychologists and therefore do not follow the discipline's norms and conventions. By drawing on one of the core constructs from information theory information entropy I argue that combining the two streams of psychology would result in the most significant advancement of psychological knowledge.
Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes.
Venue: Current opinion in cell biology
Year: 2014

Although observed for several decades, the release of membrane enclosed vesicles by cells into their surrounding environment has been the subject of increasing interest in the past few years, which led to the creation, in 2012, of a scientific society dedicated to the subject: the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. Convincing evidence that vesicles allow exchange of complex information fuelled this rise in interest. But it has also become clear that different types of secreted vesicles co exist, with different intracellular origins and modes of formation, and thus probably different compositions and functions. Exosomes are one sub type of secreted vesicles. They form inside eukaryotic cells in multivesicular compartments, and are secreted when these compartments fuse with the plasma membrane. Interestingly, different families of molecules have been shown to allow intracellular formation of exosomes and their subsequent secretion, which suggests that even among exosomes different sub types exist.
Quantum dots based chemiluminescence probes: an overview.
Venue: Luminescence the journal of biological and chemical luminescence
Year: 2019

This mini review describes the recent developments in quantum dots based nanoprobes in liquid phase chemiluminescence (CL) analysis. In the referenced reports, multiple quantum dots (QDs) were adopted as final emission species either after direct oxidation reactions (direct CL) or after chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (indirect CL) This review does not include papers in which QDs have been used as enhancers, catalysts, carriers or quenchers in chemiluminescence systems. A brief overview on the CL mechanisms of various QDs based nanoprobes and their analytical applications over the last decade is given, followed by comments on the future challenges and prospects in this field.
Toward situated interventions for algorithmic equity: lessons from the field
Venue: FAT*
Year: 2020

Research to date aimed at the fairness, accountability, and transparency of algorithmic systems has largely focused on topics such as identifying failures of current systems and on technical interventions intended to reduce bias in computational processes. Researchers have given less attention to methods that account for the social and political contexts of specific, situated technical systems at their points of use. Co developing algorithmic accountability interventions in communities supports outcomes that are more likely to address problems in their situated context and re center power with those most disparately affected by the harms of algorithmic systems. In this paper we report on our experiences using participatory and co design methods for algorithmic accountability in a project called the Algorithmic Equity Toolkit. The main insights we gleaned from our experiences were: (i) many meaningful interventions toward equitable algorithmic systems are non technical; (ii) community organizations derive the most value from localized materials as opposed to what is "scalable" beyond a particular policy context; (iii) framing harms around algorithmic bias suggests that more accurate data is the solution, at the risk of missing deeper questions about whether some technologies should be used at all. More broadly, we found that community based methods are important inroads to addressing algorithmic harms in their situated contexts.
Reliability and validity of breastfeeding family support questionnaire
Year: 2013

To evaluate the reliability and validity of breastfeeding family support questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by referring to literatures and collecting suggestion from nursing experts.Questionnaire items were assessed by 5 experts especially in the maternity,midwifery education and familiar with breastfeeding field,then items were revised.Data were collected from 100 primiparas in a first class hospital with the questionnaire.The construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach' s a coefficients were estimated to investigate the homogeneity reliability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire contained two factors:psychological support (factor 1) and behavior support (factor 2).These factors accounted for 70.04% of the variance.The correlation coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.886.Among 100 primiparas,7th day after discharge,the breastfeeding rate was 31%,perceiving family support was moderate degree (2.67 0.45),family support score of taking breastfeeding primipara (2.99 0.49)was significantly higher than that of taking mixed feeding (2.72 0.30) and artificial feeding person (2.28 0.27).Conclusions The reliability and validity of the breastfeeding family support questionnaire is good and the questionnaire could be used as an effective tool to measure the status of the family support on breastfeeding of the primiparas.  Breastfeeding; Family support; Reliability;
Optimization of "Zaoheibao" wine fermentation process and analysis of aroma substances
Year: 2020

The "Zaoheibao" fruit with rich rose scented grapes was used as the main material to optimize the fermentation process of "Zaoheibao" wine. Its composition in volatile aroma compounds was determined by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis, indicating that "Zaoheibao" wine has strong ester, fruity and floral characteristics. The addition of 30 mg/L SO2 and 200 mg/L yeast, and a fermentation time of 6 days were indicated as the optimal fermentation conditions, where 35 volatile aroma substances were detected and a relative ester content of 45.59% was achieved. Among the identified ester compounds, isoamyl ester, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, 2 methyltetrahydrothiophen 3 one, 4 hydroxy 2 butanone, linalool and 2,4 dimethyl 1 heptene contributed mainly to the aroma characteristics of "Zaoheibao" wine. The obtained results will allow the production of higher quality "Zaoheibao" wine and serve as a guide to improve the characteristics of other wine varieties.
Longitudinal assessment of chemotherapy induced alterations in brain activation during multitasking and its relation with cognitive complaints.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Year: 2014

To examine whether cognitive complaints after treatment for breast cancer are associated with detectable changes in brain activity during multitasking.  Eighteen patients who were scheduled to receive chemotherapy performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging multitasking task in the scanner before the start of treatment (t1) and 4 to 6 months after finishing treatment (t2) Sixteen patients who were not scheduled to receive chemotherapy and 17 matched healthy controls performed the same task at matched intervals. Task difficulty level was adjusted individually to match performance across participants. Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) software was used for within group, between group, and group by time interaction image analyses.  Voxel based paired t tests revealed significantly decreased activation (P .05) from t1 to t2 at matched performance in the multitasking network of chemotherapy treated patients, whereas no changes were noted in either of the control groups. At baseline, there were no differences between the groups. Furthermore, in contrast to controls, the chemotherapy treated patients reported a significant increase in cognitive complaints (P .05) at t2. Significant (P .05) correlations were found between these increases and decreases in multitasking related brain activation. Moreover, a significant group by time interaction (P .05) was found whereby chemotherapy treated patients showed decreased activation and healthy controls did not.  These results suggest that changes in brain activity may underlie chemotherapy induced cognitive complaints. The observed changes might be related to chemotherapy induced damage to the brain or reduced connectivity between brain regions rather than to changes in effort or changes in functional strategy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study providing evidence for a relationship between longitudinal changes in cognitive complaints and changes in brain activation after chemotherapy.
Before the Singularity: Copyright and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence
Year: 2018

In May, the ECS held their annual summit in Brussels, under the title "EU copyright, quo vadis? From the EU copyright package to the challenges of Artificial Intelligence." The summit covered many of the hot topics on today's copyright agenda, including the proposed directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. This post, however, focuses on the afternoon session, dedicated to the challenges posed to copyright law by artificial intelligence (AI) especially in the EU.
SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS: RADIATION SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS
Year: 2013

The importance of chemical or pharmaceutical methods of analysis for various applications in different areas of relevance to technological innovation is shown up at the hand of necessary developments in the methods of analysis. New developments in spectroscopic methods for the determination of inorganic and organic substances concentrations have helped to solve challenging analytical tasks. Spectroscopy, a general term that refers to the interactions of various types of electromagnetic radiations with matter can be categorized into atomic spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, x ray fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron spin spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. A concise review of radiation sources in spectroscopic methods of analysis was carried out. Some of the applications of spectroscopic methods in chemical or pharmaceutical analysis are also presented. Radiation source could be continuum source provided by hydrogen or deuterium discharge lamp and tungsten filament; line source provided by mercury and sodium vapor lamps; laser source provided by helium neon laser or argon krypton laser. As can be seen from the review presented, radiation sources are important tools in spectroscopy and spectroscopic methods have found a wide variety of applications in the fields of agriculture, biochemistry, clinical chemistry, environmental sciences (air, soil and water pollutions) geochemistry, industrial control processes, inorganic and organic chemistry and for regulation compliance.
Dynamic Test for DC Training Emulation System with Back to back MMC
Venue: 2019 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC)
Year: 2019

With the development of VSC HVDC and engineering applications, establishing a modular multilevel converter (MMC) platform is extremely important for simulation research and training. In this study, a back to back MMC emulation system with a converter station level is developed. Dynamic tests are performed to verify the stability performance and the dynamic performance of the respective physical devices under asynchronous interconnection conditions. The results show that the system can perform automatic control for the sequence of blocking, uncontrolled charging, controlled charging, and unlocking operations. A remarkable power quality effect is obtained by using a controller for circulating current suppressing (CCS) Using a visual station operation interface, the dynamic index of the power step test is found to conform to the test standard, and the system exhibits stable operation.
Learning Implicit Text Generation via Feature Matching
Venue: ACL
Year: 2020

Generative feature matching network (GFMN) is an approach for training state of the art implicit generative models for images by performing moment matching on features from pre trained neural networks. In this paper, we present new GFMN formulations that are effective for sequential data. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, SeqGFMN, for three distinct generation tasks in English: unconditional text generation, class conditional text generation, and unsupervised text style transfer. SeqGFMN is stable to train and outperforms various adversarial approaches for text generation and text style transfer.
A Survey on Deep Learning Based Approaches for Scene Understanding in Autonomous Driving
Year: 2021

As a prerequisite for autonomous driving, scene understanding has attracted extensive research. With the rise of the convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning technique, research on scene understanding has achieved significant progress. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of deep learning based approaches for scene understanding in autonomous driving. We categorize these works into four work streams, including object detection, full scene semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and lane line segmentation. We discuss and analyze these works according to their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and basic frameworks. We also summarize the benchmark datasets and evaluation criteria used in the research community and make a performance comparison of some of the latest works. Lastly, we summarize the review work and provide a discussion on the future challenges of the research domain.
Scalable Funding of Bitcoin Micropayment Channel Networks Regular Submission
Venue: SSS
Year: 2017

The Bitcoin network has scalability problems. To increase its transaction rate and speed, micropayment channel networks have been proposed, however these require to lock funds into specific channels. Moreover, the available space in the blockchain does not allow scaling to a world wide payment system. We propose a new layer that sits in between the blockchain and the payment channels. The new layer addresses the scalability problem by enabling trust less off blockchain channel funding. It consists of shared accounts of groups of nodes that flexibly create one to one channels for the payment network. The new system allows rapid changes of the allocation of funds to channels and reduces the cost of opening new channels. Instead of one blockchain transaction per channel, each user only needs one transaction to enter a group of nodes within the group the user can create arbitrary many channels. For a group of 20 users with 100 intra group channels, the cost of the blockchain transactions is reduced by 90% compared to 100 regular micropayment channels opened on the blockchain. This can be increased further to 96% if Bitcoin introduces Schnorr signatures with signature aggregation.
Estimation of body weight and body surface area in swamp buffaloes using visual image analysis
Year: 2012

The three dimensional computerized visual image analysis was performed to evaluate the body weight (BW) and body surface area (BSA) in swamp buffaloes. Nineteen swamp buffaloes were measured the conformation by linear measurement compared to 3D body scanner at different points body height (A) heart girth (B) shoulder width (C) iliac width (D) ischial tuberosity width (E) the length between shoulder and ileal wing (F, G) the length between ileal wing to ischial tuberosity (H, I) and the length between shoulder to ischial tuberosity (J1, J2).A The significant correlation was found between these two methods.A The 3D body scanner was then performed in 28 males and 39 females for BW and 68 males and 74 non pregnant and 31 pregnant females for BSA estimation.A The appropriate models to estimate BW in buffaloes were BW 1174.07 4.31 (B) 7.75 (FG) (R 2 0.76, P<0.001) BW (male) 1265.99 4.94(B) 14.41(D)A (R 2 0.81; P<0.001) and BW (female) 563.66 7.94 (C 14.77 (E)A (R 2 0.86; P<0.001).A A For BSA, the appropriate equations were BSA 4.31 0.034(A) 0.036(J1J2) (R 2 0.82, P<0.001) BSA (male) 4.01 0.032(A) 0.037(J1J2) (R 2 0.816, P<0.001) and BSA (female) 3.50 0.013(A) 0.012(B) 0.040(E) 0.015(J1J2) (R 2 0.916, P<0.001) In conclusion, the 3D body scanner can be used to estimate BW and BSA in buffaloes with different models among males and females.
ANALISIS POTENSI LIKUIFAKSIBERDASARKAN DATA PENGUJIAN CPT DAN SPT(Studi Kasus Pasar Raya Padang)
Year: 2013

Melihat potensi yang ditimbulkan oleh likuifaksi sangat besar bagi kita, para ahli mulai mengembangkan beberapa metode praktis unutk menganalisa potensi likuifaksi dari tanah. Terdapat beberapa metode analisa likuifaksi yang telah ada, salah satunya adalah metode analisa menggunakan data pengujian lapangan, seperti uji sondir (cone penetration test) uji standar penetrasi, uji boring, dan uji Swedish. Selain itu analisa potensi likuifaksi juga dapat dilakukan berdasarkan uji laboratorium seperti analisa butiran. Dari sekian banyak metode yang ada, metode menggunakan dat uji SPT merupakan metode yang sering digunakan oleh para ahli. Seperti Seed dan Idriss (1971) Tatsuka dan Yoshimi (1983) Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, maka penulis mencoba mengangkat suatu topik untuk penelitian dengan judul "Analisis potensi likuifaksi berdasarkan data pengujian CPT dan SPT (Studi kasus Pasar Raya Padang)" Data tanah yang didapat di lapangan berdasarkan hasil pengeboran, SPT, sondir, dan test laboratorium. Bisa dilihat dari data tanah yang didapatkan, lapisan tanah permukaan dari kedalaman 1,00 3,50 meter dari permukaan tanah pada umumnya terdiri dari lapisan lempung, pasir dan lanau. Sedangkan pada kedalaman 11,00 19,50 terdiri dari lapisan pasir, lempung dan didominasi oleh lanau.
Re finding Behaviour in Educational Search
Venue: TPDL
Year: 2019

One of the search tasks in Web search is repeat search behaviour to find out documents that users once visited, which is called re finding. Although there have been several works in the context of general purpose Web search addressing the latter phenomena, the problem is usually overlooked for vertical search engines. In this work, we report re finding and newfinding behaviours of users in an educational search context and compare results with the findings in the literature for general purpose web search. Our analysis shows that re finding pattern of students differs from web search drastically as only (26\ of all queries indicate re finding behaviour compared to (40\ in Web.
Object Detection and Classification in Occupancy Grid Maps Using Deep Convolutional Networks
Venue: 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)
Year: 2018

Detailed environment perception is a crucial component of automated vehicles. However, to deal with the amount of perceived information, we also require segmentation strategies. Based on a grid map environment representation, well suited for sensor fusion, free space estimation and machine learning, we detect and classify objects using deep convolutional neural networks. As input for our networks we use a multi layer grid map efficiently encoding 3D range sensor information. The inference output consists of a list of rotated bounding boxes with associated semantic classes. We conduct extensive ablation studies, highlight important design considerations when using grid maps and evaluate our models on the KITTI Bird's Eye View benchmark. Qualitative and quantitative benchmark results show that we achieve robust detection and state of the art accuracy solely using top view grid maps from range sensor data.
Sex, lies, and videos in rural china: A qualitative study of women's sexual debut and risky sexual behavior
Venue: Journal of sex research
Year: 2006

We studied the sexual behaviors of young, unmarried women living in rural China with a special focus on sexual debut, sexual risk taking behaviors, and reproductive health consequences. The analysis was based on 40 in depth interviews with young women who had undergone induced abortion, as well as information from focus group discussions. Study participants identified pornographic videos, parents' tacit approval, and even encouragement as factors instigating their sexual debut. Reasons for unprotected intercourse included spontaneous sexual activity, misconceptions about fertility and the effective use of contraceptives, and the lack of negotiation skills. The results indicate the importance of making reproductive health education more accessible to rural populations in China, a group usually considered to be more traditional and less likely to engage in premarital sex.
PROGRESSIVE LAW PARADIGM IN ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW RENEWAL IN INDONESIA
Year: 2020

This paper discusses the progressive legal paradigm in renewal Islamic family law in Indonesia. Starting from the complexity of family problems in the contemporary era, the presence of progressive legal thinking is one of the foundations in order to provide certainty and justice in society. The results of this study indicate that legal reform progressive in the field of Islamic family law can be noticed from law enforcement through court decisions. Various judges' decisions have created jurisprudence and are used as guidelines for Religious Court judges in deciding cases. This can be seen from the decisions of the constitutional justices, including regarding the restrictions on polygamy, the status of children out of wedlock and the age of marriage which was later successfully revised with the issuance of Law 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In the context of progressive legal reform in Indonesia, judges use reinterpretation of religious texts (fiqh) and understand the social context of modern society dynamics. For this reason, judges are required to be more courageous not only to be bound textually, but also to put forward the goal of realizing justice and benefit in the midst of society. Thus, the main legal objectives will be realized, namely substantive justice, benefits, and legal certainty because the law is basically for humans, not for the law itself