nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
While one interpretation of globalization has to do with equal exchange and sharing of goods and services between countries an
Year: 2011

There is growing evidence illustrating means in which a substantial number of women have been adversely affected by globalization, both absolutely as well as in relation to men. Women have also been more adversely affected during the increasing number of financial crisis generated by globalization while being disadvantaged by cuts in social protection. Women are more in danger in confronting the new global challenges. For example, they are disproportionately affected by different diseases, particularly AIDS. According to the UNAIDS epidemic update of 2003, 58 percent of HIV victims are female, and among the teenagers affected, 75 percent are girls. This paper will try to address the above issues while also discussing various positive impacts of globalization arguing that for many women, globalization has improved their economic and social status. Since people are most directly affected by globalization through their work and employment, many women workers have been absorbed into the global production system while wage employment has helped increase their incomes giving them greater potential economic independence and often raising their social status.
Possibilistic modeling palmprint and fingerprint based multimodal biometric recognition system
Venue: 2016 International Image Processing, Applications and Systems (IPAS)
Year: 2016

Unimodal biometric recognition systems have random performances which can be efficient for some contexts and not for others. Fusing multiple modalities improves recognition performance and reduces some limitations of biometric systems based on a single modality, such as intentional fraud or universality problem (inability to acquire data from certain persons for some modes) Furthermore, in real world applications, biometric data imperfections affect the performance of the recognition algorithms which may be caused by several factors such as the poor image quality, noise and adverse illumination and/or contrast. To handle data imperfections or redundancy and cover data variability, possibilistic modeling is a powerful tool. In this paper, we propose a robust multimodal biometric recognition system integrating fingerprint and palmprint based on possibilistic modeling approach. The proposed approach relies on possibility theory concepts for modeling biometric features. Accordingly, a set of relevant biometric features extracted from image samples is statistically analyzed and represented by a possibility distribution. The biometric templates from the palmprint and fingerprint are used for decision making by applying a score level data fusion process. Validation of the proposed approach is done on the public palmprint image database, CASIA (Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution of Automation) and the public fingerprint database, FVC (Fingerprint Verification Competition) As performance metric, we adopt the area under the ROC curve. Each both modalities give an AUC (0,8694) and (0,9531) respectively for palmprint and fingerprint when used alone. A typique multimodal system using both modalities gives an AUC of (0,9531) The proposed multimodal system has an AUC very close to unity (0,9997)
Infliximab versus ciclosporin for steroid resistant acute severe ulcerative colitis (CONSTRUCT) a mixed methods, open label, pragmatic randomised trial
Venue: The lancet. Gastroenterology hepatology
Year: 2016

Infliximab and ciclosporin are of similar efficacy in treating acute severe ulcerative colitis, but there has been no comparative evaluation of their relative clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness.  In this mixed methods, open label, pragmatic randomised trial, we recruited consenting patients aged 18 years or older at 52 district general and teaching hospitals in England, Scotland, and Wales who had been admitted, unscheduled, with severe ulcerative colitis and failed to respond to intravenous hydrocortisone within about 5 days. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either infliximab (5 mg/kg intravenous infusion given over 2 h at baseline, and again at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after the first infusion) or ciclosporin (2 mg/kg per day by continuous infusion for up to 7 days, followed by twice daily tablets delivering 5*5 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks) Randomisation used a web based password protected site, with a dynamic algorithm to generate allocations on request, thus protecting against investigator preference or other subversion, while ensuring that each trial group was balanced by centre, which was the only stratification used. Local investigators and participants were aware of the treatment allocated, but the chief investigator and analysts were masked. Analysis was by treatment allocated. The primary outcome was quality adjusted survival ie, the area under the curve (AUC) of scores from the Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis Questionnaire (CUCQ) completed by participants at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, then every 6 months from 1 year to 3 years.  Between June 17, 2010, and Feb 26, 2013, 270 patients were recruited. 135 patients were allocated to the infliximab group and 135 to the ciclosporin group. 121 (90% patients in each group were included in the analysis of the primary outcome. There was no significant difference between groups in quality adjusted survival (mean AUC 564*0 [SD 241*9] in the infliximab group vs 587*0 [226*2] in the ciclosporin group; mean adjusted difference 7*9 [95% CI 22*0 to 37*8] p=0*603) Likewise, there were no significant differences between groups in the secondary outcomes of CUCQ scores, EQ 5D, or SF 6D scores; frequency of colectomy (55 [41% of 135 patients in the infliximab group vs 65 [48% of 135 patients in the ciclosporin group; p=0*223) or mean time to colectomy (811 [95% CI 707 912] days in the infliximab group vs 744 [638 850] days in the ciclosporin group; p=0*251) There were no differences in serious adverse reactions (16 reactions in 14 participants receiving infliximab vs ten in nine patients receiving ciclosporin) serious adverse events (21 in 16 patients vs 25 in 17 patients) or deaths (three in the infliximab group vs none in the ciclosporin group)  There was no significant difference between ciclosporin and infliximab in clinical effectiveness.
Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds After Herbivory from Trifolium pratense (L. Under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Venue: Journal of Chemical Ecology
Year: 2009

Plants emit a wide range of volatile organic compounds in response to damage by herbivores, and many of the compounds have been shown to attract the natural enemies of insect herbivores or serve for inter and intra plant communication. Most studies have focused on volatile emission in the laboratory while little is known about emission patterns in the field. We studied the emission of volatiles by Trifolium pratense (red clover) under both laboratory and field conditions. The emission of 24 compounds was quantified in the laboratory, of which eight showed increased emission rates after herbivory by Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, including (E) b ocimene, the most abundant compound, (Z) b ocimene, linalool, (E) b caryophyllene, (E,E) a farnesene, 4,8 dimethyl 1,3,7 nonatriene (DMNT) 1 octen 3 ol, and methyl salicylate (MeSA) While most of these compounds have been reported as herbivore induced volatiles from a wide range of plant taxa, 1 octen 3 ol seems to be a characteristic volatile of legumes. In the field, T. pratense plants with varying herbivore damage growing in established grassland communities emitted only 13 detectable compounds, and the correlation between herbivore damage and volatile release was more variable than in the laboratory. For example, the emission of (E) b ocimene, (Z) b ocimene, and DMNT actually declined with damage, while decanal exhibited increased emission with increasing herbivory. Elevated light and temperature increased the emission of many compounds, but the differences in light and temperature conditions between the laboratory and the field could not account for the differences in emission profiles. Our results indicate that the release of volatiles from T. pratense plants in the field is likely to be influenced by additional biotic and abiotic factors not measured in this study. The elucidation of these factors may be important in understanding the physiological and ecological functions of volatiles in plants.
A proposito de los cuarenta anos del Mundial y de la Constitucion espanola del 78: Diferencias entre la Postdictadura argentina y espanola
Year: 2019

espanolEn el Mundial del 78 Mundial de Argentina la seleccion albiceleste triunfo con la ayuda del <Matador> Kempes. No obstante, entre 1976 y 1983 se produjeron violaciones aberrantes de los derechos humanos, incluso durante los momentos de excitacion futbolistica. Tras la Dictadura se juzgo a los responsables de las atrocidades acaecidas. Mientras tanto, al otro lado del Atlantico, en Espana, en 1978 volvia a instaurarse un regimen democratico, con la promulgacion de la Constitucion espanola. Atras quedaron los hechos sucedidos durante la Guerra Civil espanola y la Dictadura franquista. Nada se investigo, nada se juzgo. Y todo quedo en el olvido. EnglishIn the World Cup of 1978 year World Cup in Argentina the Albiceleste national football team got the triumph with the help of the <Matador> Mario Alberto Kempes. Nevertheless, between 1976 and 1983 the most serious and aberrant human rights violations took place, even at the time of highest football excitation. After the Civil military dictatorship the perpetrators and others officers responsible were tried and sentenced. Meanwhile, in Spain in 1978 year returned of democracy with the promulgation of the Spanish constitution. The events that took place during the Spanish Civil War and Franco dictatorship remained in the past. No investigation, no prosecution, no trials. So, whole was forgotten.
Going the Distance: Online Education in the United States, 2011.
Year: 2011

There are now over six million students in the USA taking at least one online course 31 percent of all students in the USA (public, private and for profit) are now taking at least one course online Since 2003, online enrollments have grown by 358 percent However, since 2003, the proportion of respondents who agree that their faculty 'fully accept' the 'value and legitimacy of online education' has edged up from 30.4 percent to just 32 percent One third of all academic leaders continue to believe that the learning outcomes for online education are inferior to those of face to face instruction. Academic leaders at institutions with online offerings have a much more favorable opinion of the relative learning outcomes for online courses than do those at institutions with no online courses or programs. 65 percent of all reporting institutions said that online learning was a critical part of their long term strategy, a small increase from 63 percent in 2010. For profit institutions are the most likely to have included online learning as a part of their strategic plan While the number of programs and courses online continue to grow, the acceptance of this learning modality by faculty has been relatively constant since first measured in 2003 (according to chief academic officers) 57 percent of academic leaders believe that OERs have value and less than five percent disagree (the rest are neutral) The proportion of for profit institutions agreeing with this statement has shown a large increase over a two year period (moving from 49.8 percent in 2009 to 72.4 percent in 2011. Nearly two thirds of chief academic officers agreed that OERs have the potential to reduce costs.
Hydrogen embrittlement of X80 pipeline steel in H2S environment: Effect of hydrogen charging time, hydrogen trapped state and hydrogen charging releasing recharging cycles
Venue: International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials
Year: 2020

This study investigated the susceptibility of X80 pipeline steel to hydrogen embrittlement given different hydrogen pre charging times and hydrogen charging releasing recharging cycles in H2S environment. The fracture strain of the steel samples decreased with increasing hydrogen pre charging time; this steel degradation could almost be recovered after diffusible hydrogen was removed when the hydrogen pre charging time was <8 d. However, unrecoverable degeneration occurred when the hydrogen pre charging time extended to 16 30 d. Moreover, nanovoid formation meant that the hydrogen damage to the steel under intermittent hydrogen pre charging releasing recharging conditions was more serious than that under continuous hydrogen pre charging conditions. This study illustrated that the mechanical degradation of steel is inevitable in an H2S environment even if diffusible hydrogen is removed or visible hydrogen induced cracking is neglected. Furthermore, the steel samples showed premature fractures and exhibited a hydrogen fatigue effect because the repeated entry and release of diffusible hydrogen promoted the formation of vacancies that aggregated into nanovoids. Our results provide valuable information on the mechanical degradation of steel in an H2S environment, regarding the change rules of steel mechanical properties under different hydrogen pre charging times and hydrogen charging releasing recharging cycles.
The Value of People, Place and Possibilities: A Multiple Case Study of Rural High School Completion
Year: 2014

The U.S. national average for high school graduation falls far below that of many other industrialized countries and is marked by signifi cant graduation rate gaps between students of higher and lower socioeconomic status and students attending suburban vs. rural or urban schools (Rumberger, 2011) The failure of youth to complete high school is a problem both for them and for the greater society as high school dropouts have lower earning power, higher rates of incarceration, and poorer health, with all the attendant consequences for themselves, their families, and society (Hauser Koenig, 2011; McLaughlin, Embler, Hernandez, Caron, 2005; Purcell, East, Rude, 2005) What are the qualities of classroom, school, and district processes and practices in rural high schools with higher thanaverage graduation rates? How do these processes and practices compare with rural schools with histories of average graduation rates? In this study, six schools were sampled for a multiple case study of rural high school completion. Four had higher than average graduation rates, while two had average rates. All six schools were visited by site teams who conducted 63 interviews and collected documentary evidence of practices and processes related to high school graduation. Using cross case analytic procedures, we found several important contrasts between the two sets of sample schools. Differences in graduation outcomes in these rural schools were associated with (1) the qualities of academic goals, expectations, and learning opportunities; (2) the nature of individual and collective educator effi cacy; (3) the strategies educators used to develop and maintain family relationships and engage community members; and (4) mechanisms for adapting instruction and employing interventions for students at risk of dropping out.  Wilcox, K. C. Angelis, J. I. Baker, L. Lawson, H. A. (2014) The value of people, place and possibilities: A multiple case study of rural high school completion. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 29(9) 1 18.
Effects of Therapeutic Interventions for Foster Children on Behavioral Problems, Caregiver Attachment, and Stress Regulatory Neural Systems
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Year: 2006

Young children in foster care are exposed to high levels of stress. These experiences place foster children at risk for poor social, academic, and mental heath outcomes. The role of adverse events in stimulating neurobiological stress responses presumably plays a role in shaping neural systems that contribute to these problems. Systematic and developmentally well timed interventions might have the potential to change developmental trajectories and promote resilience. Moreover, understanding how specific dimensions of early adversity affect underlying stress response systems and how alterations in these systems are related to later psychosocial outcomes might facilitate more precise and targeted interventions. Data are drawn from two ongoing randomized trials involving foster infants/toddlers and preschoolers. Consistent with prior animal models of early adversity, these studies have shown that early adversity particularly neglect, younger age at first foster placement, and higher number of placements is associated with altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. The interventions under investigation have produced evidence that it is possible to impact many areas that have been negatively affected by early stress, including HPA axis activity, behavior, and attachment to caregivers.
Genres in Jewish and Israeli Cinema
Year: 2016

Th is issue of Jewish Film New Media continues the series on Israeli media studies, which began last year with an issue on the treatment of Jewish religious themes in Israeli fi lms and television programs. Th ese special issues are based on small scholars' conferences usually held once a year at various academic institutions as part of a new scholarly framework for the exploration of Jewish and Israeli media. Th e current issue is dedicated to aspects of genre in Israeli media. Generic boundaries of visual arts have expanded greatly in the last decade or so with the increasing infl uence of the Internet as both a ubiquitous delivery platform as well as a medium in and of itself. In Israel's multifaceted society these trends have a special restonance and are manifest in various genres, including Mizrahi productions, works that examine religious versus secular tensions, and even those categorized as more "fl uff y" genres, such as horror and other varieties. Th ese works refl ect the many faces of Israeli society and express its various contours. Th e reincarnation of television shows as Internet programs delivered on demand is one of the most obvious examples of this development. In this rapidly evolving world that combines art and commerce in ever more complex ways, Israeli visual culture has become one of the most dynamic and innovative grounds for such creative activity. Th is is not only valid for so called television programs, or Internet TV shows, which are an increasingly international trend. It is also true of cinema, which is infl uenced by these trends in various ways as well. Th is issue, which originated at a dedicated conference held at Haifa University in August
Evaluation of Toxic Effect of Copper and Cadmium on Growth, Physiological Traits and Protein Profile of Wheat (Triticum aestivium L. Maize (Zea mays L. and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.
Year: 2013

A pot experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of deleterious concentration of copper and cadmium either individual or in combination on three cereal crops i.e. wheat (Triticum aestivum L. maize (Zea mays L. and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. after 2 and 4 weeks. The results showed that cadmium applied alone caused significant reduction in growth traits and photosynthesis (P< 0.05 or P <0.01) The effect was less pronounced when Cu applied alone or in combination with Cd+2. The same trends were also observed with leaf osmotic potential and relative water content under the same treatments. The stress associated protein, profiles in leaves at 14 kDa in wheat, 35 and 54 kDa in maize were disappeared, compared to others treatments, in response to 75 Cu, 150 Cu, 75 Cd+2, 150 Cd+2 and 150 Cd+2, 75 Cu +75 Cd+2 mmol/L after four weeks, respectively. A 60 and 16 kDa a soluble protein was over expressed only in sorghum under 150 Cd+2 mmol/L and in wheat under 150 Cd+2 mmol/L and 75 Cu+ Cd+2 mmol/L. These proteins designated as cadmium stress inducible protein (CSIP) and may be appositive marker to cadmium stress tolerance in sorghum and wheat. It could be concluded that, in all three crops, the effect of different treatments were more toxic in order to Cd+2 Cu+ Cd+2 Cu control either after 2 or 4 weeks. Also, sorghum was more tolerance to heavy metal stress followed by wheat and maize; and it could help alleviate crop losses in area affected by heavy metals stress.
PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN TABUNG GAS LPG UNTUK MEMINIMASI TOTAL BIAYA PERSEDIAAN (Studi kasus di PT Wina Wira Usaha Jaya, Yogyakarta)
Year: 2016

Penelitian dilakukan pada sistem persediaan tabung gas LPG di PT. Wina Wira Usaha Jaya, Yogyakarta. Saat ini perusahaan tersebut belum memiliki jadwal pasti untuk penebusan tabung gas dan hanya melakukan penebusan tabung LPG perhari tergantung pada tabung kosong yang tersedia. Terbatasnya penebusan tabung LPG serta permintaan konsumen yang tidak pasti sering menyebabkan kurangnya persediaan tabung LPG di gudang. Kekurangan dari permintaan baru bisa dipenuhi pada periode pemesanan berikutnya yang mengakibatkan beberapa konsumen beralih kepada agen lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan periode pemesanan serta jumlah pemesanan tabung gas LPG supaya dapat memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan model periodic review (P) Metode periodic review ini digunakan untuk menentukan waktu periode pemesanan dan menentukan jumlah maksimal persediaan di gudang. Hasil analasis perhitungan biaya persediaan dengan menggunakan metode model periodic review ini akan dibandingkan dengan biaya persediaan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan saat ini. Berdasarkan dari hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model periodic review didapatkan biaya persediaan yang lebih minimal. Adapun system persediaan yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara sebagai berikut: periode pemesanan untuk tabung gas 12 kg adalah 0,0022 tahun (1 hari) dan periode pemesanan untuk tabung gas 50 kg adalah 0,0192 tahun (7 hari) Sedangkan jumlah persediaan maksimal untuk tabung gas ukuran 12 kg adalah 817 tabung. dan untuk 50 kg adalah 79 tabung Dengan menggunakan system persediaan periodic review maka biaya persediaan berkurang 3,24 dari kebijakan perusahaan sebelumnya.
SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0 55,000 Years cal BP
Venue: Radiocarbon
Year: 2020

Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0 55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree ring data sets in the 2140 0, 3520 3453, 3608 3590 and 13,140 11,375 cal BP time intervals. We detail the statistical approaches used for curve construction and present recommendations for the use of the Northern Hemisphere curve (IntCal20) the Southern Hemisphere curve (SHCal20) and suggest where application of an equal mixture of the curves might be more appropriate. Using our Bayesian spline with errors in variables methodology, and based upon a comparison of Southern Hemisphere tree ring data compared with contemporaneous Northern Hemisphere data, we estimate the mean Southern Hemisphere offset to be 36 27 14C yrs older.
Meeting Report: The 3rd European STAMP Workshop, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Year: 2016

Traditional system safety approaches are being challenged by the introduction of new technology and the increasing complexity of the systems we build and operate. System Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) is a new systems thinking approach that w as introduced in Nancy Leveson's book "Engineering a Safer World" (MIT Press, 2012) While relatively new, the STAMP approach and its respective tools and methods are already being used in many industry sectors such as space, aviation, automotive, software, security medical, defence and nuclear. In more than 150 published articles, the potential of the STAMP family of tools to identify more hazards and causal factors than traditional tools (e.g, FTA, HAZOP, FMEA) has been demonstrated.