nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Non convergence and Limit Cycles in the Adam Optimizer
Venue: ICANN
Year: 2019

One of the most popular training algorithms for deep neural networks is the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) introduced by Kingma and Ba. Despite its success in many applications there is no satisfactory convergence analysis: only local convergence can be shown for batch mode under some restrictions on the hyperparameters, counterexamples exist for incremental mode. Recent results show that for simple quadratic objective functions limit cycles of period 2 exist in batch mode, but only for atypical hyperparameters, and only for the algorithm without bias correction. We extend the convergence analysis to all choices of the hyperparameters for quadratic functions. This finally answers the question of convergence for Adam in batch mode to the negative. We analyze the stability of these limit cycles and relate our analysis to other results where approximate convergence was shown, but under the additional assumption of bounded gradients which does not apply to quadratic functions. The investigation heavily relies on the use of computer algebra due to the complexity of the equations.
A logistica reversa no setor farmaceutico
Venue: Revista Producao Online
Year: 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar de que forma a logistica reversa atua no descarte dos residuos de duas redes farmaceuticas localizadas na cidade de Santana do Livramento, RS. O embasamento teorico discute a definicao de logistica, logistica reversa, a industria farmaceutica, o descarte de residuos farmaceuticos e seus efeitos no meio ambiente. Para tal, emprega se um estudo de multicasos, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados por entrevistas estruturadas com farmaceuticas das redes Panvel e Preco Mais Popular. A analise dos dados e realizada por meio da analise de conteudo e a agregacao em mapas conceituais. Os resultados apontam que ambas terceirizam o recolhimento e tratamento dos medicamentos, o qual ocorre em outras regioes. Contudo, apenas a rede Panvel possui ponto de coleta, o qual influencia na atracao de clientes, tornando se um diferencial competitivo.
Assessment of spatial variation in water quality of Doodhganga stream in Kashmir Himalaya
Year: 2020

The present study was carried out during April 2018 to assess the spatial variability in water quality of Doodhganga a stream in Kashmir Himalaya and the assessment of land use land cover (LULC) of the four selected sites [Yousmarg (Site A) Nowhar (Site B) Chadoora (Site C) and Barzulla (Site D) based on differential anthropogenic pressures. At each site samples were collected from three locations (which served as three replications) and data was represented as mean value of all locations. At Site A (comparatively clean site) the mean value of parameters viz. temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, BOD, total hardness, sulphate, orthophosphate and ammonical nitrogen increased significantly downstream with minimum mean value recorded as 10 0.1*C, 7.7 0.02, 72.2 0.06 uScm 1, 1.5 0.5mgL 1, 67.2 0.5mgL 1, 9.2 0.2mgL 1, 0.09 0.01mgL 1 and 0.53 0.01mgL 1 respectively. On the other hand maximum mean value for all these parameters viz. 20.6 0.03*C, 8.1 0.01, 179.8 0.23 uScm 1, 3.5 0.06mgL 1, 259.2 0.5mgL 1, 29.6 0.3mgL 1, 0.35 0.01mgL 1 and 0.82 0.01mgL 1 where recorded at Site D. Similarly, dissolved oxygen recorded maximum mean value at Site A (8.6 0.08mgL 1) and decreased significantly downstream and its minimum mean value was recorded at Site D (6.0 0.5mgL 1) Land use/land cover (LULC) of Doodhganga watershed revealed considerable change in some LULC classes during the selected time period (2000 2018) Total share of area under agricultural field, mixed plantation, water body and wetlands reduced by 3.23% 1.61% 0.14% and 0.04% respectively. On the other hand, built up, and horticulture/orchards increased by 3% and 1.46% respectively. Change in physico chemical characteristics of water of Doodhganga stream elucidates increased pollution load downstream.
Influencia de una estrategia educativa de salud en el nivel de conocimientos y uso de metodos anticonceptivos, en estudiantes del tercer, cuarto y quinto ano de secundaria de la Institucion Educativa Enrique Paillardelle del Dtto. G.A.L junio diciem, 2016
Venue: Revista Medica Basadrina
Year: 2019

La Organizacion Mundial de la Salud considera a los adolescentes, un grupo de riesgo en material sexual porque no se protegen adecuadamente con anticonceptivos, lo que puede ocasionar embarazos no deseados y contagio de enfermedades ETS o el VIH. La informacion dada en instituciones educativas, no es suficiente para disminuir la prevalencia de conductas de riesgo para su salud. El objetivo fue determinar la influencia de la aplicacion de una estrategia educativa de salud, en el nivel de conocimientos y uso de metodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes del tercer, cuarto y quinto ano de secundaria de la Institucion Educativa Enrique Paillardelle del Distrito Gregorio Albarracin Lanchipa.  Investigacion aplicada, experimental, prospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 163 estudiantes del 3er, 4to y 5to ano de secundaria de la Institucion Educativa Enrique Paillardelle, la informacion se obtuvo de junio a diciembre del ano 2016.  El 92 de los estudiantes tuvo un nivel de conocimientos sobre planificacion familiar adecuado despues de la capacitacion.  Existe influencia de la aplicacion de una estrategia educativa de salud sobre el nivel de conocimientos en el uso de metodos anticonceptivos en los estudiantes de la Institucion Educativa Enrique Paillardelle del Distrito Gregorio Albarracin Lanchipa de Tacna.
I hear what you see: Effects of audio description used in a cinema on immersion and enjoyment in blind and visually impaired people
Year: 2020

For people with disabilities being part of social life is essential for well being. To accomplish this there are two possibilities: through interaction in person and through access to culture. One way to enjoy both possibilities is the cinema. For people with sight loss (people that are blind or visually impaired) there exists audio description which allows enjoying a film in a cinema. Project FASEA examined if this audience is as much immersed and could enjoy it as much as sighted people while watching a film with audio description, received through an app called 'Greta' Twenty five people with blindness or visual impairment took part and were matched with sighted people in age, sex, education, and nationality. This was conducted in a commercial cinema under natural conditions with a comedy. We assessed immersion through the Narrative Engagement Scale (NES) the Modes of Reception Inventory (MOR) and the Audience Response Scale (ARS) Enjoyment was evaluated with the Emotions in Media Scale (EMS) People with sight loss showed lower scores in narrative understanding in NES and less thought provoking and suspense in ARS. Also, they experienced fewer positive emotions. In all other scales, including all MOR scales, there were no differences between them and sighted people. The results confirm that audio description, provided by an application, is a useful tool for people with sight loss to immerse themselves and enjoy films as much as sighted people do and hence be part of social life.
New records of the Japanese seahorse Hippocampus mohnikei in Southeast Asia lead to updates in range, habitat and threats.
Venue: Journal of fish biology
Year: 2016

New records of the Japanese seahorse Hippocampus mohnikei from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, along with recently published studies from India and Singapore, have greatly expanded the known range of H. mohnikei within Southeast Asia. These new records reveal novel habitat preferences and threats to H. mohnikei in the region. Although the global conservation status of H. mohnikei is classified as Data Deficient according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, new sightings indicate that this species is found in similar habitats and faces similar threats as other Hippocampus species that are considered Vulnerable.
Pythagorean fuzzy prioritized aggregation operators and their application to multi attribute group decision making
Year: 2019

Pythagorean fuzzy set is a useful tool to deal with the fuzziness and vagueness. Many aggregation operators have been proposed by many researchers based on Pythagorean fuzzy sets. But the current methods are under the assumption that the decision makers and the attributes are at the same priority level. However, in real group decision making problems the attribute and decision makers may have different priority level. Therefore, in this paper, we develop multi attribute group decision making based on Pythagorean fuzzy sets where there exists a prioritization relationship over the attributes and decision makers. First, we develop Pythagorean fuzzy prioritized weighted average operator and Pythagorean fuzzy prioritized weighted geometric operator. Then we study some of its desirable properties such as idempotency, boundary and monotonicity in detail. Moreover, we propose a multi attribute group decision making approach based on the developed operators under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality of the proposed approach.
Extending SSD Lifetimes with Disk Based Write Caches
Venue: FAST
Year: 2010

We present Griffin, a hybrid storage device that uses a hard disk drive (HDD) as a write cache for a Solid State Device (SSD) Griffin is motivated by two observations: First, HDDs can match the sequential write bandwidth of mid range SSDs. Second, both server and desktop workloads contain a significant fraction of block overwrites. By maintaining a log structured HDD cache and migrating cached data periodically, Griffin reduces writes to the SSD while retaining its excellent performance. We evaluate Griffin using a variety of I/O traces from Windows systems and show that it extends SSD lifetime by a factor of two and reduces average I/O latency by 56%
Why do women fall for money? The Effect of Gender Ideology and Culture on the Mate Preference for Resources
Year: 2016

Women generally value a potential partner's earning capacity more than men. Patriarchal gender ideologies could explain why even financially independent females prefer a mate with resources and would also hold for migrants from more to less patriarchal countries. To examine the role of gender traditionalism and ethnicity, the present online study compared the preference for a mate with financial resources in 406 Turkish, Dutch and German students and Turkish migrants in Germany and the Netherlands. As expected, more traditional females, and women from more patriarchal cultures, found resources more important than less traditional females, and women from more egalitarian cultures.
Toward efficient biomechanical based deformable image registration of lungs for image guided radiotherapy.
Venue: Physics in medicine and biology
Year: 2011

Both accuracy and efficiency are critical for the implementation of biomechanical model based deformable registration in clinical practice. The focus of this investigation is to evaluate the potential of improving the efficiency of the deformable image registration of the human lungs without loss of accuracy. Three dimensional finite element models have been developed using image data of 14 lung cancer patients. Each model consists of two lungs, tumor and external body. Sliding of the lungs inside the chest cavity is modeled using a frictionless surface based contact model. The effect of the type of element, finite deformation and elasticity on the accuracy and computing time is investigated. Linear and quadrilateral tetrahedral elements are used with linear and nonlinear geometric analysis. Two types of material properties are applied namely: elastic and hyperelastic. The accuracy of each of the four models is examined using a number of anatomical landmarks representing the vessels bifurcation points distributed across the lungs. The registration error is not significantly affected by the element type or linearity of analysis, with an average vector error of around 2.8 mm. The displacement differences between linear and nonlinear analysis methods are calculated for all lungs nodes and a maximum value of 3.6 mm is found in one of the nodes near the entrance of the bronchial tree into the lungs. The 95 percentile of displacement difference ranges between 0.4 and 0.8 mm. However, the time required for the analysis is reduced from 95 min in the quadratic elements nonlinear geometry model to 3.4 min in the linear element linear geometry model. Therefore using linear tetrahedral elements with linear elastic materials and linear geometry is preferable for modeling the breathing motion of lungs for image guided radiotherapy applications.
Comparison of Processing Strategy for Time and Frequency Transfer Using GNSS
Year: 2019

We have tested GNSS data processing for time and frequency (T&F) transfer prior to performing international VLBI T&F transfer experiments between two lattice clocks operated by INRIM (Italy) and NICT (Japan) Modified Allan deviation values show that precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution (PPP AR) and PPP by a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) GNSS processing tool, MALIB, perform similarly with best case one day instabilities on the order of 10 15 for the Koganei Medicina baseline. Although further investigation is required to evaluate the PPP AR technique, preliminary results imply that this technique is sufficient for validating the international VLBI experiments between INAF and NICT for the comparison of two lattice clocks.
Fu Yau Hessian equations
Year: 2018

We solve the Fu Yau equation for arbitrary dimension and arbitrary slope \alpha' Actually we obtain at the same time a solution of the open case \alpha'>0$ an improved solution of the known case \alpha'<0$ and solutions for a family of Hessian equations which includes the Fu Yau equation as a special case. The method is based on the introduction of a more stringent ellipticity condition than the usual \Gamma_k$ admissible cone condition, and which can be shown to be preserved by precise estimates with scale.
Method of Road Condition Information Based on Time Decay Adaptive Fitting
Venue: 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS)
Year: 2019

With the development of urban traffic and the massive increase in data collection, there is a problem in the transit time prediction process of the intelligent transportation system, that is, the real time traffic information contained in the new sample data causes the original prediction model failed. Therefore, the article implements adaptive update of traffic collection data based on time decay factor, thus ensuring effective prediction of short term transit time. First, data collection is carried out on urban road conditions, and the missing data of traffic flow is complemented by a combination of time and space. Subsequently, the road condition is divided according to the traffic state index, and the semi supervised k Nearest Neighbor Means (k NNM) clustering algorithm is used to obtain the typical similar road segments, for the to be predicted samples and the historical collection samples. Finally, based on the time decay factor, the weighted value of the historical typical similar road segment sample data is weighted, so that the validity of the data value is measured by the time distance, and the transit time prediction model is satisfied to meet the requirements of the road condition update. Experiments show the effectiveness and applicability of the method, so as to provide real time updated road condition data for the prediction of road transit time.
Los sangleyes en Filipinas historia constitucional de los chinos en el seno de la Monarquia Hispanica
Year: 2017

Comunidad de personas procedentes de China y asentados en las Islas Filipinas, que tuvieron un protagonismo singular en la historia del comercio entre la Monarquia Hispanica y China, llamados Sangleyes y su contribucion al desarrollo de las relaciones, tanto mercantiles como de otra indole, entre la Monarquia Hispanica y el Imperio Chino, a lo largo de los siglos, singularmente entre el XVI y el XVIII.
Robustness Verification for Transformers
Venue: ICLR
Year: 2020

Robustness verification that aims to formally certify the prediction behavior of neural networks has become an important tool for understanding the behavior of a given model and for obtaining safety guarantees. However, previous methods are usually limited to relatively simple neural networks. In this paper, we consider the robustness verification problem for Transformers. Transformers have complex self attention layers that pose many challenges for verification, including cross nonlinearity and cross position dependency, which have not been discussed in previous work. We resolve these challenges and develop the first verification algorithm for Transformers. The certified robustness bounds computed by our method are significantly tighter than those by naive Interval Bound Propagation. These bounds also shed light on interpreting Transformers as they consistently reflect the importance of words in sentiment analysis.
Information Security Policy Compliance: An Empirical Study of Rationality Based Beliefs and Information Security Awareness
Venue: MIS Q.
Year: 2010

Many organizations recognize that their employees, who are often considered the weakest link in information security, can also be great assets in the effort to reduce risk related to information security. Since employees who comply with the information security rules and regulations of the organization are the key to strengthening information security, understanding compliance behavior is crucial for organizations that want to leverage their human capital. This research identifies the antecedents of employee compliance with the information security policy (ISP) of an organization. Specifically, we investigate the rationality based factors that drive an employee to comply with requirements of the ISP with regard to protecting the organization's information and technology resources. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, we posit that, along with normative belief and self efficacy, an employee's attitude toward compliance determines intention to comply with the ISP. As a key contribution, we posit that an employee's attitude is influenced by benefit of compliance, cost of compliance, and cost of noncompliance, which are beliefs about the overall assessment of consequences of compliance or noncompliance. We then postulate that these beliefs are shaped by the employee's outcome beliefs concerning the events that follow compliance or noncompliance: benefit of compliance is shaped by intrinsic benefit, safety of resources, and rewards, while cost of compliance is shaped by work impediment; and cost of noncompliance is shaped by intrinsic cost, vulnerability of resources, and sanctions. We also investigate the impact of information security awareness (ISA) on outcome beliefs and an employee's attitude toward compliance with the ISP. Our results show that an employee's intention to comply with the ISP is significantly influenced by attitude, normative beliefs, and self efficacy to comply. Outcome beliefs significantly affect beliefs about overall assessment of consequences, and they, in turn, significantly affect an employee's attitude. Furthermore, ISA positively affects both attitude and outcome beliefs. As the importance of employees' following their organizations' information security rules and regulations increases, our study sheds light on the role of ISA and compliance related beliefs in an organization's efforts to encourage compliance.
Sorption, diffusion and pervaporation study of thiophene/n heptane mixture through self support PU/PEG blend membrane
Year: 2017

The novel polyurethane (PU)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) self support blend membranes were prepared via solution casting method to investigate their gasoline desulfurization performance. Pervaporation (PV) method was employed to separate thiophene from model gasoline consisting of a binary mixture of thiophene and n heptane. The membrane sorption (S) and diffusion (D) coefficients were obtained from the sorption test. Characteristics and morphological attributes of the membrane were studied using FTIR and SEM analysis. SEM images exhibited a fine heterogeneous blended phase with a defect free surface. Blending intensified the properties of individual PU and PEG membranes bringing about satisfactory permeability and desulfurization performance. A normalized flux of 25.5 kg um/m 2 h and an enrichment factor of 7.1 were obtained at 65 degC. The membranes were constructed and evaluated in self support form, which indicates their mechanical and chemical strength when operated up to 120 h. Both the blending method and the selection of the proper PU with appropriate blending ratio resulted in the fabrication of apposite membranes for separation of thiophene from n heptane and also the development of a membrane material to be utilized in desulfurization industry.
Preseismic electromagnetic signals in terms of complexity.
Venue: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
Year: 2006

There is a recent thesis in the literature that an important organization of a physical system precedes a catastrophic event. In this context, one can search for signatures that imply the transition from a normal state to a main catastrophic event (e.g. earthquake) Experimental techniques are thus useful in corroborating theories from observed data. For example, recent results indicate that preseismic electromagnetic time series contain information characteristic of an ensuing earthquake event. Hereby, we attempt to demonstrate that an easily computable complexity measure, such as T complexity or approximate entropy, gives evidence of state changes leading to the point of global instability. The appearance of a precatastrophic state is characterized by significant lower complexity in terms of T complexity and approximate entropy. The present study confirms the conclusions of previous works based on an independent linear fractal spectral analysis. This convergence between nonlinear and linear analysis provides a more reliable detection concerning the emergence of the last phase of the earthquake preparation process. More precisely, we claim that our results suggest an important principle: significant complexity decrease and accession of persistency in electromagnetic (EM) time series can be confirmed at the tail of the preseismic EM emission, which could be used as diagnostic tools for the Earth's impending crust failure. Direct laboratory and field experimental data as well as theoretical arguments support the conclusions of the present analysis.
Investigation of rubber friction on snow for tyres
Year: 2013

Frictional behaviour of tyres on snow is important for vehicles. We made friction tests of rubber tread blocks, of different geometries and rubber formulations, on compacted artificial snow in a cold room using a linear tribometer. These tests show excellent agreement with outdoor vehicle tests. The friction coefficient (m) for rubber decreases with increasing velocity because of a water layer formed by frictional heating. As glass transition temperature Tg of the rubber decreases m increases, which correlates with the increased compliance of the rubber. At higher velocities siped tread blocks show higher friction than blocks without sipes because of ploughing.