nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Grit: perseverance and passion for long term goals.
Venue: Journal of personality and social psychology
Year: 2007

The importance of intellectual talent to achievement in all professional domains is well established, but less is known about other individual differences that predict success. The authors tested the importance of 1 noncognitive trait: grit. Defined as perseverance and passion for long term goals, grit accounted for an average of 4% of the variance in success outcomes, including educational attainment among 2 samples of adults (N=1,545 and N=690) grade point average among Ivy League undergraduates (N=138) retention in 2 classes of United States Military Academy, West Point, cadets (N=1,218 and N=1,308) and ranking in the National Spelling Bee (N=175) Grit did not relate positively to IQ but was highly correlated with Big Five Conscientiousness. Grit nonetheless demonstrated incremental predictive validity of success measures over and beyond IQ and conscientiousness. Collectively, these findings suggest that the achievement of difficult goals entails not only talent but also the sustained and focused application of talent over time.
Deep Ensembles: A Loss Landscape Perspective
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2019

Deep ensembles have been empirically shown to be a promising approach for improving accuracy, uncertainty and out of distribution robustness of deep learning models. While deep ensembles were theoretically motivated by the bootstrap, non bootstrap ensembles trained with just random initialization also perform well in practice, which suggests that there could be other explanations for why deep ensembles work well. Bayesian neural networks, which learn distributions over the parameters of the network, are theoretically well motivated by Bayesian principles, but do not perform as well as deep ensembles in practice, particularly under dataset shift. One possible explanation for this gap between theory and practice is that popular scalable variational Bayesian methods tend to focus on a single mode, whereas deep ensembles tend to explore diverse modes in function space. We investigate this hypothesis by building on recent work on understanding the loss landscape of neural networks and adding our own exploration to measure the similarity of functions in the space of predictions. Our results show that random initializations explore entirely different modes, while functions along an optimization trajectory or sampled from the subspace thereof cluster within a single mode predictions wise, while often deviating significantly in the weight space. Developing the concept of the diversity accuracy plane, we show that the decorrelation power of random initializations is unmatched by popular subspace sampling methods. Finally, we evaluate the relative effects of ensembling, subspace based methods and ensembles of subspace based methods, and the experimental results validate our hypothesis.
Improvement of Kaolinite Clay Subgrade Using Coir Fiber Waste
Year: 2013

Since highways are widely used modes, it is necessary that it should be maintained properly. Subgrade being the support for the whole pavement, it needs the utmost care in its construction. Many suggestions have been put forward by various scientists to improve the subgrade. The usually adopted methods are stabilization methods. This paper deals with the improvement of properties of kaolinite clay having very low CBR as a subgrade material. Improvement of strength of kaolinite clay with addition of quarry dust and coir fiber waste was studied. The test results show that no marginal improvement was observed dueto the addition of coir fiber waste alone. Hence coir fiber waste along with quarry dust was tried and resulted in considerable improvement in the strength of kaolinite clay.
COMPARATIVE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS AND FREE RADICAL QUENCHING PROPERTIES OF THREE CASSIA SPECIES
Year: 2015

The results revealed that C. uniflora had the highest total phenolic content (276.54+ 0.031 ug/ mg DW) followed by C. occidentalis and C. tora, while the highest total flavonoid content (43.71+ 0.086 ug /mg DW) was also recorded to C. uniflora followed by C. tora and C. occidentalis. FTIR screening revealed the presence of various functional groups such as aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acid, alkenes, aromatic compounds, esters, nitro compounds and alkyl halides in all the three species. Overall all the species exhibited dose dependent antioxidant activity in tested in vitro models. The antioxidant activity was varied to each species; the highest IC50 values for DPPH (58.55+ 0.213 mg/ml) were depicted in C. occidentalis followed by C. tora and C. uniflora. The prominent IC50 values for ABTS radical scavenging was reported in C. uniflora extract (IC50value of 0.074+ 0.003 mg/ml) followed by C. occidentalis and C. tora (with IC50 values of 24.388+ 0.183 and 29.388+ 0.368 mg/ml equivalent to ascorbic acid)  The results of the present study indicate that, of the Cassia species evaluated, C. occidentalis exhibited strong activity followed by C. tora and C. uniflora, and can be used as a potent source of natural antioxidants.
Examination of How a Survey Can Spur Culture Changes Using a Quality Improvement Approach: A Region Wide Approach to Determining a Patient Safety Culture
Venue: American journal of medical quality the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality
Year: 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate safety climates within a cohort of regional hospitals to assess health care workers' perceptions of their hospitals' safety reporting, feedback, and problem solving systems, and to examine how regional initiatives and health care organizations use safety climate information to improve patient safety outcomes. A purposive sample of staff at 25 western Pennsylvania hospitals was surveyed using Likert scale questions. The instrument studied provided foci on which regional efforts and hospitals could base interventions to improve patient safety culture. Significant differences in perceived patient safety climate existed between hospitals, respondents, and departments. The differences in responses suggest that such instruments may be useful to identify and reinforce aspects of safety, culture, and organizational characteristics, which may need to be targeted to improve patient safety outcomes across and within hospitals. Due to the complex nature of safety culture within health care systems, determining how these surveys can be used will require further investigation.
Infektiologie ein Schwerpunkt der Inneren Medizin
Venue: Der Internist
Year: 2018

ZusammenfassungInfektionskrankheiten rucken zunehmend in den Fokus des offentlichen Interesses. Das Auftreten neuer Infektionen und die rasch steigenden Raten von Antibiotikaresistenzen bestimmen diesen Trend. Beides sind globale Probleme, die in internationalen und lokalen Kooperationen verschiedener Fachdisziplinen bearbeitet werden mussen. Die direkte Behandlung der Patienten mit Infektionskrankheiten ist dabei die zentrale Aufgabe der Infektiologie; bei komplizierten Infektionen verbessert die Einbeziehung von Infektiologen das Behandlungsergebnis. Antibiotic Stewardship Programme sind wirksame Instrumente zur Eindammung der Resistenzentwicklung und sollten ausgebaut werden. Allerdings sind diese Programme nicht gleichzusetzen mit klinischer Expertise in der Infektiologie. Infektionskrankheiten sind eine zentrale Krankheitsentitat in der Inneren Medizin, fur die Infektiologie werden deshalb spezifische Kompetenzen benotigt. Eine Weiterbildung zum Facharzt fur Innere Medizin und Infektiologie in Deutschland wurde diesen Bedingungen und Anforderungen am besten gerecht werden. Ein solcher Schwerpunkt in der Weiterbildung wurde auch die Stellung der Infektiologie in der Inneren Medizin adaquat widerspiegeln.AbstractInfectious diseases have recently gained wide public interest. Emerging infections and rising rates of antibiotic resistance are determining this trend. Both challenges will need to be addressed in international and local collaborations between different specialties in medicine and basic science. Infectious diseases as a clinical specialty in this scenario is directly responsible for the care of patients with infectious diseases. Its involvement in the care of patients with complicated infections has proved to be highly effective. Antibiotic stewardship programmes are effective measures in slowing the development of antibiotic resistance and have been widely implemented. But antibiotic stewardship specialists should not be confused with or taken as an alternative to infectious disease experts. Infectious diseases requires appropriate and specific training. It mainly uses the instrumentarium of internal medicine. With the current challenges in modern medicine, infectious diseases in Germany should thus be upgraded from a subspecialty to a clinical specialty, ideally within Internal Medicine.
Measuring issue salience in voters' preferences
Year: 2017

We provide a new approach to the measurement of issue salience that explains how the salience of an issue among voters and the position of the parties on a given issue interact to each other and determine vote choices and aggregate election results. Analyzing the spatial model of voting, we show how voting probabilities can be estimated by a multinomial logit regression where the ideal policy locations of voters on each issue dimensions are independent variables, and where no individual specific perception about the location of the political parties is used in the regression. The pieces of survey information that are used to calculate issue salience are: i) specific position of respondents on each issue dimension, ii) vote choice, and iii) the policy position of parties on each issue dimension, which is measured by the mean perceived position. Rather, only an aggregate estimate of party positions on issues is needed. To demonstrate the mechanics and value of the approach, we analyze regional elections in the Basque province of Spain. In that region, we find that the left right dimension is about two times more salient than nationalism. The nationalism issue is, however, more divisive than the left right issue. This shows that the issue that voters care more about, may not coincide with the issue on which the parties offer more distinctive policies.
Invariant Human Action Recognition Using Histograms of 3 D Joints
Year: 2012

In this paper, we present a novel approach for human action recognition with histograms of 3D joint locations (HOJ3D) as a compact representation of postures. We extract the 3D skeletal joint locations from Kinect depth maps using Shotton et al.'s method  The HOJ3D computed from the action depth sequences are reprojected using LDA and then clustered into k posture visual words, which represent the prototypical poses of actions. The temporal evolutions of those visual words are modeled by discrete hidden Markov models (HMMs) In addition, due to the design of our spherical coordinate system and the robust 3D skeleton estimation from Kinect, our method demonstrates significant view invariance on our 3D action dataset. Our dataset is composed of 200 3D sequences of 10 indoor activities performed by 10 individuals in varied views. Our method is real time and achieves superior results on the challenging 3D action dataset. We also tested our algorithm on the MSR Action3D dataset and our algorithm outperforms Li et al.  on most of the cases.
Influence of exhaustive exercise on the immune system in solid organ transplant recipients.
Venue: Exercise immunology review
Year: 2010

Prolonged exhaustive exercise has a great impact on the immune system of athletes and leads to a transient weakening of the immune system. A host of studies has documented changes of immune parameters in peripheral blood following exercise. Concerning the effect of exhaustive exercise in transplant recipients there is little knowledge at present. We analysed peripheral blood in healthy athletes and transplant recipients who participated in the "Euregio cycling tour 2009" before and immediately after they performed 81 km of cycling that included ascending more than 1800 m in altitude. A full blood count and an automated differential count as well as microarray analysis were performed before, immediately after and one day after exercise in 10 male patients carrying a kidney transplant and in 10 controls matched in age and gender. Comparing the absolute increase in neutrophils in these two groups, we detected that the relative increase in neutrophils was significantly smaller in transplant recipients compared to their corresponding controls after exhaustive exercise. While both groups were comparable in performance, microarray analysis revealed a markedly different pattern of gene expression in transplant recipients compared to their controls. From the 130 genes that were significantly upregulated in controls immediately after exercise, only 12 genes were also upregulated in transplant recipients. 64 different genes were upregulated in transplant recipients only. Our findings may be related to the immunosuppressive medication that the transplant recipients took and therefore it should also be discussed that regular exercise might reduce the need for immunosuppressive medication in transplant recipients.
Caracteristicas de los directivos y rendimiento exportador en las pymes espanolas
Year: 2006

Resumen La investigacion en materia de exportaciones analiza frecuentemente el papel de las caracteristicas de los directivos en las decisiones de internacionalizacion y en el proceso de internacionalizacion de las pequenas empresas. Sin embargo, los hallazgos empiricos no son homogeneos, salvo para las caracteristicas de naturaleza subjetiva. El presente estudio, que se fundamenta en la teoria de los "directivos de nivel mas alto" (upper echelon) analiza la relacion entre diversos atributos de los decisores que se han considerado favorecedores de la actividad internacional de sus empresas caracteristicas de formacion, como su experiencia internacional, nivel de estudios y dominio de idiomas; y rasgos de personalidad, como la aversion al riesgo o la agresividad y el rendimiento exportador de las empresas, a traves de su su actitud hacia la internacionalizacion. Mediante analisis causal de ecuaciones estructurales se examinan empiricamente las relaciones propuestas. Los resultados revelan que algunos rasgos de la personalidad de los decisores inciden indirectamente, a traves de la actitud hacia la internacionalizacion, en la propension exportadora y el dinamismo exportador.
Does Share Repurchase Announcement Lead to Rise in Share Price? Evidence from India
Venue: Global Business Review
Year: 2019

In recent years, there is an increasing trend of share repurchase announcement by Indian firms. This article attempts to examine whether open market share repurchase announcements in India lead to excess stock returns and to identify the factors responsible for additional stock returns. Apart from a standard market method, the price behaviour is examined on an individual basis. The results show that the firms, on an average, do not experience price improvement after share repurchase. While 24 per cent of the firms lose and 10 per cent gain, the rest experience no change. In normal times, investors prefer small cap companies, but post announcement, promoters' share and premium play an important role.
Hazard of complex regional pain syndrome following human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescent girls in the United States: a case cohort analysis of insurance claims data
Venue: Expert opinion on drug safety
Year: 2019

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) cases have followed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, but no causal link has been established.  Using insurance claims, the authors observed unvaccinated 11 year old girls for CRPS diagnoses. The authors used time dependent Cox regression to identify health related CRPS predictors using diagnosis codes. Next, the authors identified HPV vaccinations using procedural codes. HPV vaccination and CRPS predictors were considered time dependent covariates to estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CRPS, 30, 90, and 180 days post vaccination.  1,232,572 girls received 563 unique CRPS diagnoses. In a 10% sub cohort of 123,981 girls accounting for potential confounders and predisposing risk factors (i.e. injury, infection, mental illness, primary care use) CRPS hazard was not significantly elevated 30 days (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.73) 90 days (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.65) or 180 days post vaccination (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.47)  The results support the safety and continued administration of HPV vaccines to adolescents.
Pengaruh Pola Asuh dan Kekerasan Verbal terhadap Kepercayaan Diri (Self Confidence)
Venue: Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Year: 2019

Kepercayaan diri merupakan kemampuan individu dapat memahami dan yakin akan kapasitas dirinya, yakin mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan, tidak cemas dalam bertindak, hangat dan sopan dalam berinteraksi dan percaya akan kemampuan yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola asuh dan kekerasan verbal terhadap kepercayaan diri pada anak sekolah dasar kota Jakarta Utara. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pola asuh (X1) kekerasan verbal (X2) dan kepercayaan diri (Y) Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan studi kausal. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini 106 orang dengan menggunakan teknik Cluster random sampling. Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap kepercayaan diri, kekerasan verbal berpengaruh langsung negatif kepercayaan diri, dan pola asuh berpengaruh langsung negatif terhap kekerasan verbal.
Student enrollment, motivation and learning performance in a blended learning environment: The mediating effects of social, teaching, and cognitive presence
Venue: Comput. Educ.
Year: 2019

This study investigated the effects of student enrolment and learning motivation on learning performance in a blended learning setting at the university level with social, teaching, and learning presence as mediating factors. Data samples were collected from 96 students taking blended learning course and 111 students taking a traditional course. The comparison between these two groups does not show a significant difference in the three presences and learning performance. Structural equation modelling results revealed that student enrolment has a positive impact on social presence and cognitive presence. Enrolment also positively influences learning performance through the above two presences. Learning motivation positively influence social presence only. Learning motivation also plays a vital role in enhancing the enrolment but does not directly influence learning performance in a blended learning setting. Teaching presence was found to have direct positive impacts on the cognitive presence and social presence, and indirect positive impacts on learning performance. These findings highlight the importance of student enrolment and course design from the teaching perspective in a blended learning setting.
Polymorphisms in the Interleukin 4 Receptor Gene are Associated with Better Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma
Venue: Clinical Cancer Research
Year: 2008

Previous literature provides some evidence that atopic diseases, IgE levels, and inflammatory gene polymorphisms may be associated with risk of glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of certain inflammatory gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on patient survival. Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, however, few prognostic factors have been identified.  Using 694 incident adult glioma cases identified between 2001 and 2006 in Harris County, TX, we examined seven SNPs in the interleukin (IL) 4, IL 13, and IL 4 receptor (IL4R) genes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the SNPs and overall and long term survival, controlling for age at diagnosis, time between diagnosis and registration, extent of surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.  We found that among high grade glioma cases, IL4R rs1805016 (TT versus GT/GG) was significantly protective against mortality over time [hazard ratios (HR) 0.59; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.40 0.88] The IL4R rs1805016 and rs1805015 TT genotypes were both found to be significantly associated with survival beyond 1 year among patients with high grade glioma (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27 0.73 and HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44 0.91, respectively) Furthermore, the IL4R haplotype analysis showed that SNPs in the IL4R gene may be interacting to affect long term survival among high grade glioma cases.  These findings indicate that polymorphisms in inflammation pathway genes may play an important role in glioma survival. Further research on the effects of these polymorphisms on glioma prognosis is warranted.
Caption Generation from Road Images for Traffic Scene Construction
Venue: 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)
Year: 2020

In this paper, an image captioning network is proposed for traffic scene modeling, which incorporates element attention into the encoder decoder mechanism to generate more reasonable scene captions. Firstly, the traffic scene elements are detected and segmented according to their clustered locations. Then, the image captioning network is applied to generate the corresponding caption of each subregion. The static and dynamic traffic elements are appropriately organized to construct a 3D corridor scene model. The semantic relationships between the traffic elements are specified according to the captions. The constructed 3D scene model can be utilized for the offline test of unmanned vehicles. The evaluations and comparisons based on the TSD max and COCO datasets prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Strategi Pengembangan Perencanaan dan Perancangan Rumah Tinggal Nelayan Sebagai Respon Terhadap Rob
Year: 2020

Rumah tinggal dan lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya memberikan pengaruh penting dalam kualitas hidup manusia yang hidup di dalamnya. Keberadaan rumah tinggal memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan jasmani dan rohani, yaitu rumah memberikan rasa aman, rasa nyaman, ruang untuk sosialisasi dan harga diri serta aktualisasi penghuninya. Permukiman Tambak Lorok di wilayah Kota Semarang dikenal sebagai kampung nelayan. Hal ini diperkuat dengan program pemerintah Kota Semarang yang mengembangkan Tambak Lorok menjadi Kampung Bahari. Namun demikian, Tambak Lorok menghadapi permasalahan yang mendasar yaitu rob, naiknya air laut ke daratan. Rob memberikan pengaruh kepada kondisi fisik dan non fisik warga di Tambak Lorok. Sehingga perlu untuk mengidentifikasi strategi pengembangan yang mungkin untuk permukiman Tambak Lorok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pengembangan dari aspek aspek fisik maupun non fisik sehingga mampu untuk merespon permasalahan lingkungan yaitu rob. Metoda penelitian adalah kualitatif studi literatur untuk kondisi lingkungan permukiman Tambak Lorok. Sedangkan dengan metoda analisis dengan analisis deskriptif yang menjelaskan kondisi lingkungan permukiman secara obyektif, jelas dan sistematis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah rekomendasi untuk penyusunan strategi pengembangan perencanaan dan perancangan permukiman di Tambak Lorok.