nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrospective assessment of dental implant related perforations of relevant anatomical structures and inadequate spacing between implants/teeth using cone beam computed tomography
Venue: Clinical Oral Investigations
Year: 2020

To assess the prevalence of dental implant related perforations of relevant anatomical structures and inadequate spacing between the implant and the adjacent tooth or implant, and their association with anatomical location, implant dimension, thread exposure, and presence of graft, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)  CBCT scans of patients with implants were retrospectively assessed regarding the presence of implant related perforation of adjacent anatomical structures, and inadequate mesial and distal spacing between the implant and the adjacent tooth/implant (i.e. 1 mm or 3 mm, respectively) Implants were classified according to anatomical location, dimensions, thread exposure, and the presence of graft (i.e. bone graft or bone substitutes) Prevalence of perforations and inadequate spacing was compared among the different implant classifications (Chi squared test) Significance level was set at 5% Results A total of 1109 implants were assessed, out of which 369 (33.3% presented perforation of adjacent structures. Prevalence of perforations in the maxilla (43.5% was higher than in the mandible (11.3% Inadequate spacing was found in 18.2% of the mesial and distal measurements, which was more prevalent in the maxilla p 0.001) Implants perforating adjacent structures or placed with inadequate spacing presented higher prevalence of thread exposure p 0.001) No significant difference was found between the presence of perforations or inadequate spacing and presence of graft p 0.05) Conclusions Implant related perforations of relevant anatomical structures and inadequate spacing between the implant and the adjacent tooth/implant are relatively prevalent and more common in the maxilla. Both are associated with threads exposure.  Information on dental implant related perforations and inadequate spacing can assist dental surgeons in pre surgical planning.
Mechanoregulation modeling of bone healing in realistic fracture geometries
Venue: Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology
Year: 2020

In bone fracture healing, new tissue gradually forms, ossifies, and eventually remodels itself to restore mechanical stiffness and strength across injury site. Mechanical strain at the fracture site has been implicated in controlling the process of healing and numerical mechanoregulation models with strain based fuzzy logic rules have been applied to simulate bone healing for simple fracture geometries. However, many of these simplified models cannot capture in vivo observations such as delays in healing with torsional instability or differences in healing rate between different fracture types. Accordingly, the purpose of this work was to apply a fuzzy logic mechanoregulation fracture healing simulation technique to 3D models representing a range of clinically inspired fracture geometries with intramedullary nail fixation and multiaxial loading conditions. The models predicted that the rate of healing depends on the geometry of the fracture and that all fracture types experience a small healing delay with torsional instability. The results also indicated that when realistic torsional loading and fixator mechanics are included, previously published strain based rules for tissue destruction lead to simulated nonunions that would not be expected in vivo. This suggested that fracture healing may be more robust to distortional strain than has been previously reported and that fuzzy logic models may require parameter tuning to correctly capture clinically relevant healing. The strengths of this study are that it includes fracture morphology effects, realistic implant mechanics, and an exploratory adaptation of the upper distortional strain threshold. These findings may help future researchers extend these methods into clinical fracture healing prediction.
Les blessures de guerre a la fin du Moyen Age
Year: 2010

Quantite d'analyses ont porte sur l'armement de la fin du Moyen Age, sur les grandes batailles ou encore sur les tactiques de combat, mais tres peu finalement sur l'element central de la lutte le corps du guerrier et les blessures qu'il pouvait subir. En s'appuyant sur les VIVe et XVe siecles de l'Europe occidentale et sur les nombreux conflits armes qu'elle connut, cette etude a donc pour ambition de traiter un theme quelque peu oublie par l'historiographie. En se nourissant des sources comptables, des chroniques, des traites de chirurgie et d'escrime ainsi que de l'archeologie et plus precisement de la paleopathologie, ce devoir aborde la blessure de guerre medievale selon trois axes traumatologique, logistique et chirurgical. Il s'agit en effet, dans un premier temps, de definir les differents types de lesions, de cibler les parties du corps des combattants les plus exposees, et d'evaluer l'efficacite des coups recus. Cette etude offre, dans un second temps, une presentation des moyens mis en oeuvre pour accompagner les victimes des luttes armees seront ainsi examines les chances d'acces aux soins, les transports utilises pour l'evacuation et les lieux ou etaient traites les gens de guerre. Un troisieme et dernier point, consacre au traitement des plaies, aura non seulement pour objectif de presenter les praticiens medicaux intervenant aupres des troupes en campagne, mais aussi de definir les instruments de chirurgie et la pharmacopee employes, avant d'evaluer les techniques medicales connues et utilisees
Bioremediation of heavy metals using microalgae: Recent advances and mechanisms.
Venue: Bioresource technology
Year: 2020

Five heavy metals namely, arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr) lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are carcinogenic and show toxicity even at trace amounts, posing threats to environmental ecology and human health. There is an emerging trend of employing microalgae in phycoremediation of heavy metals, due to several benefits including abundant availability, inexpensive, excellent metal removal efficiency and eco friendly nature. This review presents the recent advances and mechanisms involved in bioremediation and biosorption of these toxic heavy metals utilizing microalgae. Tolerance and response of different microalgae strains to heavy metals and their bioaccumulation capability with value added by products formation as well as utilization of non living biomass as biosorbents are discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future prospects in bioremediation of heavy metals by microalgae are also explored. This review aims to provide useful insights to help future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for microalgae based heavy metal bioremediation.
Online abstraction with MDP homomorphisms for Deep Learning
Venue: AAMAS
Year: 2019

Abstraction of Markov Decision Processes is a useful tool for solving complex problems, as it can ignore unimportant aspects of an environment, simplifying the process of learning an optimal policy. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for finding abstract MDPs in environments with continuous state spaces. It is based on MDP homomorphisms, a structure preserving mapping between MDPs. We demonstrate our algorithm's ability to learn abstractions from collected experience and show how to reuse the abstractions to guide exploration in new tasks the agent encounters. Our novel task transfer method outperforms baselines based on a deep Q network in the majority of our experiments. The source code is at this https URL.
Changes in soil and rat gut microbial diversity after long term exposure to the chiral fungicide epoxiconazole.
Venue: Chemosphere
Year: 2021

In previous articles, it was found that epoxiconazole enantiomers can persist for a long time in the environment, causing severe environmental damage. Herein, we investigated alterations in the soil microbial community and rat gut microbiota after six weeks of treatment with rac epoxiconazole or one of its enantiomers. The selected concentrations were 1, 2, and 6 times greater than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) The rat gut microbiota relative abundance in the feces significantly changed following exposure to rac epoxiconazole or one of its enantiomers. At the phylum level, in the R,S S,R epoxiconazole, and rac treated groups, Firmicutes presented the greatest decrease in abundance; however, Spirochaetes presented the greatest increase in abundance in the rac and S,R epoxiconazole treated groups. In response to R,S epoxiconazole, Epsilonbacteraeota presented the greatest increase in abundance. In soil samples treated with epoxiconazole, the relative abundance of the soil bacterial community also changed. Proteobacteria presented the greatest decrease in abundance in the S,R and rac treated samples. However, Firmicutes presented the greatest increase in abundance. In the R,S treated soil samples, the situation was the opposite. In general, prolonged exposure to epoxiconazole at high concentrations could initiate noticeable alterations in rat gut microbiota and soil microbial diversity. R,S epoxiconazole had improved bioactivity and less toxic effects at relatively low concentrations. Therefore, we recommend using R,S epoxiconazole at a relatively low concentration, which is better for environmental safety.
Serial Speakers: a Dataset of TV Series
Venue: LREC
Year: 2020

For over a decade, TV series have been drawing increasing interest, both from the audience and from various academic fields. But while most viewers are hooked on the continuous plots of TV serials, the few annotated datasets available to researchers focus on standalone episodes of classical TV series. We aim at filling this gap by providing the multimedia/speech processing communities with "Serial Speakers" an annotated dataset of 155 episodes from three popular American TV serials: "Breaking Bad" "Game of Thrones" and "House of Cards" "Serial Speakers" is suitable both for investigating multimedia retrieval in realistic use case scenarios, and for addressing lower level speech related tasks in especially challenging conditions. We publicly release annotations for every speech turn (boundaries, speaker) and scene boundary, along with annotations for shot boundaries, recurring shots, and interacting speakers in a subset of episodes. Because of copyright restrictions, the textual content of the speech turns is encrypted in the public version of the dataset, but we provide the users with a simple online tool to recover the plain text from their own subtitle files.
The return of cultural heritage from Denmark to Greenland
Year: 2009

During the colonial period (1721 1953) Danish officials, arctic explorers and missionaries undertook major collecting activities in Greenland, with the National Museum of Denmark eventually becoming the holder of the world's largest Arctic collection. Between 1982 and 2001 Denmark and Greenland engaged in extensive museum cooperation, resulting in the return of c. 35,000 archaeological and ethnographic artefacts from the National Museum of Denmark to the Greenland National Museum and Archives a process that later became known as 'Utimut' the Greenlandic word for 'return' Greenlandic requests for repatriation date back nearly a century and have from the outset been inextricably associated with both the formation of museological institutions within Greenland and the overall political processes leading towards decolonization and the introduction of home rule in 1979. Using the colonial relationship between Denmark and Greenland as a point of departure, this article discusses the rationales behind the Greenlandic requests and the basic principles on which the repatriation partnership was carried out principles based on an aim to divide the collection into two equally representative collections while at the same time acknowledging and respecting Greenlandic as well as Danish attachments to particular items. The Utimut process represents a partnership based on trust and mutual respect and has created the ideal platform for future museum cooperation between Denmark and Greenland. Furthermore, it may serve as a useful model to other indigenous peoples and decolonized states that have similarly lost their cultural heritage during colonial times but are committed to establishing museums of their own.
Muslim merchants and working class in action nationalism, social mobilization and boycott movement in the Ottoman Empire 1908 1914
Year: 2010

The boycott as an economic weapon appeared in the Ottoman Empire after the 1908 Revolution. The revolution paved the way for a chaotic social and political atmosphere in which the order of things changed drastically. This study will trace how the politics of the new era and the Boycott Movement influenced each other. Two weapons the boycott and the public meetings would be the most typical tools in the repertoire of the early Muslim/Turkish nationalism. This work will depict how these two crucial instruments of mass politics functioned. The Boycott Movement consisted of different social classes. These different social groups had diverse agendas. This is significant because the historiography depicts Turkish nationalism as an exclusively intellectual current. However, nationalism is also a social phenomenon. Nationalist movements are also social movements that mobilize a wide range of social groups and deeply influence the daily life of the population. The Boycott Movement in the Ottoman Empire contributed to the rise of Muslim/Turkish nationalism and turned particular ethnic/religious problems into a social problem or national question. This thesis tries to indicate how political figures, civil organizations, and different social classes played a role in the rising nationalism and in the elimination of non Muslims.
An implicit explicit time discretization scheme for second order semilinear wave equations with application to dynamic boundary conditions
Year: 2020

We construct and analyze a second order implicit explicit (IMEX) scheme for the time integration of semilinear second order wave equations. The scheme treats the stiff linear part of the problem implicitly and the nonlinear part explicitly. This makes the scheme unconditionally stable and at the same time very efficient, since it only requires the solution of one linear system of equations per time step. For the combination of the IMEX scheme with a general, abstract, nonconforming space discretization we prove a full discretization error bound. We then apply the method to a nonconforming finite element discretization of an acoustic wave equation with a kinetic boundary condition. This yields a fully discrete scheme and a corresponding a priori error estimate.
Monitoring Early Age Strain and Temperature Distributions in Full Scale Steel Concrete Composite Beams with Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors
Year: 2017

Concrete is subject to temperature gradients and shrinkage induced strain during curing. Strain variations in concrete can lead to residual stresses and cracks, in particular when the deformation of concrete is restrained. This in turn can affect the mechanical performance and durability of the structure. In this study, a fullydistributed fiber optic sensor is used to monitor the early age temperature and strain distributions in a 12.8 m long steel concrete composite beam based on pulse pre pump Brillouin optical time domain analysis. Telecommunication grade, single mode optical fibers were embedded in the concrete of the specimen that consisted of lightweight aggregate concrete on trapezoidal metal deck acting compositely with a steel I beam via headed shear studs. Emphases were placed on characterizing the temperature and strain distributions in concrete and understanding the effects of composite action on the evolution of strains in the concrete. Non uniform strain distributions were successfully measured from the distributed fiber optic sensors in the first two days of curing. The spatial distribution of temperatures along the beam was relatively uniform but varied in amplitude due to the hydration reactions. The strain distributions were non uniform, which is likely due to concrete cracking as the result of restrained shrinkage of the concrete.
Chronic sleep loss and risk taking behavior: Does the origin of sleep loss matter?
Venue: Behavioral sleep medicine
Year: 2018

Many adolescents and young adults get insufficient sleep. A link between sleep loss and risk taking behavior has been consistently found in the literature, but surprisingly, the role played by the origin of sleep loss in this link has never been investigated. Sleep loss can be voluntary (instead of sleeping, a significant amount of time is devoted to other activities) or involuntary (caused by a sleep disorder, for example, insomnia) The aim of this research was to investigate whether both types of sleep loss are associated to the same extent with risky behavior.  Five hundred thirty six university students between 19 and 25 years old participated in this study. Three groups were selected: participants with voluntary sleep loss, participants with insomnia, and normal sleepers.  We assessed risk taking behavior in virtual driving situations, as well as drinking habits in terms of quantity and frequency. To further explore the differences between the groups, we also measured sensation seeking, a personality trait related to risk taking behavior.  Compared to participants with insomnia and normal sleepers, participants with voluntary sleep loss take more risks in dangerous driving situations, drink more alcohol, and have higher disinhibition scores on the Sensation Seeking Scale. On the other hand, no such differences were found between participants with insomnia and normal sleepers, suggesting that sleep loss is not always associated with risk taking.  Whether sleep loss is associated with risk taking behavior or not could depend on the origin of sleep loss and the underlying personality traits.
On the Use of Coupled Shape Priors for Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images of the Knee
Venue: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
Year: 2015

Active contour techniques have been widely employed for medical image segmentation. Significant effort has been focused on the use of training data to build prior statistical models applicable specifically to problems where the objects of interest are embedded in cluttered background. Usually, the training data consist of whole shapes of certain organs or structures obtained manually by clinical experts. The resulting prior models enforce segmentation accuracy uniformly over the entire structure or structures to be identified. In this paper, we consider a new coupled prior shape model which is demonstrated to provide high accuracy, specifically in the region of the interest where precision is most needed for the application of the segmentation of the femur and tibia in magnetic resonance (MR) images. Experimental results for the segmentation of MR images of human knees demonstrate that the combination of the new coupled prior shape and a directional edge force provides the improved segmentation performance. Moreover, the new approach allows for equivalent accurate identification of bone marrow lesions, a promising biomarker related to osteoarthritis, to the current state of the art but requires significantly less manual interaction.
Awareness of Oral Hygiene among Government School Children in a Rural Area of Amritsar, Punjab A Cross sectional Study
Year: 2020

The schools may serve as the best platform for the promotion of oral health care among teenagers. This study evaluates the knowledge and practices of students about oral hygiene as well as to evaluate the factors that determine these variables.  The present study was a cross sectional study conducted among Government school students of class 8 th 9 th and 10 th belonging to the rural area of Amritsar. Data on oral health knowledge and practice were collected by means of a self administered close ended questionnaire.  The total sample consisted of 45.1% male and 54.9% female students. The study revealed that 11.3% had good knowledge, 52.1% had average knowledge, and in 36.6% of students, the knowledge about oral health was poor. It was elicited that gender (P 0.014) class (P 0.027) and educational status of father (P 0.016) were significantly associated with the knowledge of the students about oral health while age and educational status of mother had no association. There was a significant difference between both the genders in time spent for brushing (P 0.030) and frequency of change of toothbrush (P 0.032) Almost 88.8% of students had never visited a dentist in the past 6 months.  The knowledge of rural children on oral health was average. Oral hygiene education programs should be conducted with reinforcement so that students can close the gap between knowledge and practice about oral health.  Knowledge, oral health, practice, rural, school children
Appraising offsets as a tool for integrated environmental planning and management
Year: 2018

The steady growth in major development projects suggests that firms will increasingly need to respond to more stringent environmental determinations and project approvals. Accordingly, this article positions offsets as a mechanism for integrated environmental planning and management in response to development impacts. The study uses a stakeholder analysis methodology to identify and explicate the environmental planning and management practices that can be delivered by offsets, while demonstrating how firms and governments may use offsets as a tool to plan and manage environmental conservation and protection. However, despite our positive expectations, the research found that the current framework of offsets rules, regulations and supporting infrastructure requires changes if effective planning and management of the environment is to be facilitated through the offsets mechanism.
The Unique Contributions of Perceiver and Target Characteristics in Person Perception
Venue: Journal of personality and social psychology
Year: 2017

Models of person perception have long asserted that our impressions of others are guided by characteristics of both the target and perceiver. However, research has not yet quantified to what extent perceivers and targets contribute to different impressions. This quantification is theoretically critical, as it addresses how much an impression arises from "our minds" versus "others' faces." Here, we apply cross classified random effects models to address this fundamental question in social cognition, using approximately 700,000 ratings of faces. With this approach, we demonstrate that (a) different trait impressions have unique causal processes, meaning that some impressions are largely informed by perceiver level characteristics whereas others are driven more by physical target level characteristics; (b) modeling of perceiver and target variance in impressions informs fundamental models of social perception; (c) Perceiver x Target interactions explain a substantial portion of variance in impressions; (d) greater emotional intensity in stimuli decreases the influence of the perceiver; and (e) more variable, naturalistic stimuli increases variation across perceivers. Important overarching patterns emerged. Broadly, traits and dimensions representing inferences of character (e.g. dominance) are driven more by perceiver characteristics than those representing appearance based appraisals (e.g. youthful attractiveness) Moreover, inferences made of more ambiguous traits (e.g. creative) or displays (e.g. faces with less extreme emotions, less controlled stimuli) are similarly driven more by perceiver than target characteristics. Together, results highlight the large role that perceiver and target variability play in trait impressions, and develop a new topography of trait impressions that considers the source of the impression.