nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Leadership in Organizations: There is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers
Year: 2009

Part 1 List of Tables, Preface, Acknowledgments Part 2 Introduction Part 3 Part I: What is Leadership? Part 4 Chapter 1: The Evolving Nature of Leadership Part 5 Chapter 2: Definitions of Leadership Part 6 Chapter 3: Functional Differences between Leaders and Managers Comparing Leaders and Managers The Process of Leadership Strategic Issues Summary Part 7 Part II: Theories and Principles of Leadership Part 8 Chapter 4: Personality Characteristics or Traits of Leaders The  Personal Behavior Theories of Leadership The Research Bases A Comparison of Research Approaches  Situational Theories of Leadership Situational Factors Fiedler's Contigency Theory Path Goal Theory The Hersey Blanchard Theory The Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory/Leader Member Exchange Theory Summary Part 11 Chapter 7: Charismatic Leadership Stages of Charismatic Leadership Charisma and Vision Charismatic Leadership in Crises Examples of Charismatic Leaders Summary Part 12 Chapter 8: Transactional and Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership Summary Part 13 Chapter 9: A Critical Review of Leadership Theories Trait Theory Behavioral Theory Fiedler's Contingency Theory Path Goal Theory Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory Transactional Leadership Theory Transformational Leadership Theory Summary Part 14 Part III: Leadership: Power, Conflict, and Change Part 15 Chapter 10: Leadership and Power The Need for Power Formal and Informal Leaders Power and Organizations, Summary Part 16 Chapter 11: Leadership and Conflict What is Conflict? Dealing With Conflict Where Does Conflict Come From? Pondy's Model of Organizational Conflict Managing Personal Conflict or Conflict Among Individuals Managing Substantive Conflict The Dynamics Part 17 Chapter 12: Leadership and Change The Changing Environment Reasons for Change Types of Organizational Change Change in the Organization Today Change in the Workplace The Next Decade Resistance to Change Understanding Change Management Making Cha Part 18  Reading Sources Bibliography Index About the Author
Locking Out Uncertainty: Conflict and Risk in Sydney's Night Time Economy
Year: 2020

This chapter considers the tension between risk, pleasure, and uncertainty in the context of Sydney nightlife. Specifically, it tracks the New South Wales (NSW) government's recasting of a night time economy based on neoliberal market freedoms, individual self regulation, and the promise of a civilized drinking culture to one where danger and risk were to be managed through illiberal 'lockouts' and draconian legal deterrents. Under these 'lockout laws' the relationship between alcohol consumption and violence has been rendered self evident, with dangerous groups and their drinking cultures managed through a new level of state intervention. However, for many, the regulation of uncertainty also meant the end of fun and excitement. The ongoing conflict over the regulation of Sydney's nightlife explored in the chapter offers a snapshot of attempts to manage uncertainty through risk narratives and the implications of this regulation.
Signata 11 Le sens de la performance a partir des arts vivants
Year: 2018

Presentation L'ouverture que la semiotique de ces dernieres annees a manifestee a l'egard des pratiques a permis d'approfondir la dimension en acte de la signification, ainsi que les specificites de l'interaction et plus generalement de l'effectivite du sens, de sa praxis. La notion de pratiques semiotiques, telle que definie par A.J. Greimas et J. Courtes (1979) peut etre reliee a celle de performance, telle que formulee par Richard Schechner (1966) en tant que concept federateur de plusieu.
Pathway of Small Traditional Industry in a Developing Country Toward Sustainability: A Review of Innovations Development of the Furniture Cluster Industry in Jepara, Indonesia
Year: 2020

Small traditional industry has been recognized as an important local economy that support cultural industry and is significant in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. The significance of this type industry as a poverty barrier, enables jobs for local rural villagers, and their role in continuing local community based cultural activities have become obvious. However, as the current modern days global pressures affecting many traditional people in developing countries, pathways of small traditional industry toward local sustainable development remain unclear. Further continuous investigations are still required on how this industry provide the platform for greater local, regional and global sustainability. Literatures and debates on the sustainability of the rural developing country concerning small traditional industries may even begin from the establishment of Brundtland sustainability commission in 1987. The conflict between brown and green agenda in Brundtland commission may also point to small scale traditional industry growth in the developing world. Cultural traditional industries in developing countries could better lead to local sustainability pathway. On the other hand, conflict of the use of natural resources and competition may create different stories. How traditional industry in developing country survive and further innovate for development is a significant knowledge to understand. This chapter uses Jepara traditional furniture industry in Central Java Indonesia which has been the subject of prolonged study on how small scale industry implicated to global competition and pressures of raw material resources decline. This chapter further reviews previous research and recent study on Jepara industry upgrade and innovation, and how likely innovation may prosper for the future sustainability of this type of industry.
Structure and assembly of calcium homeostasis modulator proteins
Venue: Nature Structural Molecular Biology
Year: 2020

The biological membranes of many cell types contain large pore channels through which a wide variety of ions and metabolites permeate. Examples include connexin, innexin and pannexin, which form gap junctions and/or bona fide cell surface channels. The most recently identified large pore channels are the calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs) through which ions and ATP permeate in a voltage dependent manner to control neuronal excitability, taste signaling and pathologies of depression and Alzheimer's disease. Despite such critical biological roles, the structures and patterns of their oligomeric assembly remain unclear. Here, we reveal the structures of two CALHMs, chicken CALHM1 and human CALHM2, by single particle cryo electron microscopy (cryo EM) which show novel assembly of the four transmembrane helices into channels of octamers and undecamers, respectively. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that lipids can favorably assemble into a bilayer within the larger CALHM2 pore, but not within CALHM1, demonstrating the potential correlation between pore size, lipid accommodation and channel activity. Cryo EM structures of the calcium homeostasis modulator channels chicken CALHM1 and human CALHM2 reveal that they function as octa and undecamers, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that a lipid bilayer can form within the CALHM2 pore.
Transcrestal sinus floor augmentation with immediate implant placement applied in three types of fresh extraction sockets: A clinical prospective study with 1 year follow up
Venue: Clinical implant dentistry and related research
Year: 2017

Immediate implant insertion and transcrestal sinus augmentation both can provide a lot of advantages for patients and clinicians.  This prospective study aims to verify the use of a modified technique for immediate implant insertion simultaneously with sinus augmentation in different types of sockets.  Thirty seven patients were recruited for the clinical study and were divided into 3 groups according to the relationship of their maxillary molar roots and sinus floor: group 1 with none of the teeth roots contacts sinus floor; group 2 as at least 1 teeth root contacting sinus floor, but no root is observed penetrating into sinus cavity; group 3 with at least 1 teeth root penetrating into sinus cavity. Implants were inserted after transcrestal sinus floor augmentation and immediately after tooth extraction. The change of mucosa thickness, diagnosis of rhinosinusitis, marginal bone loss (MBL) pocket depth (PD) and sulcus bleeding index were examined through radiographic measurement or clinical monitoring.  During the study period, no implants failed. The relationship of the root of maxillary molars and sinus floor may have an effect on the bone height of the interradicular crest. Sinus mucosa was observed thicker after surgery. After healing period, sinus mucosa returned as thin as presurgery. At the time of 1 year follow up, MBL was measured on X ray (group 1: mesial: 0.63 0.20 mm, distal: 0.70 0.14 mm; group 2: mesial: 0.67 0.21, distal: 0.65 0.22 mm; group 3: mesial: 0.70 0.15 mm, distal: 0.73 0.19 mm) No statistical difference was found in MBL and PD as well as bleeding index among 3 groups.  In consideration of the advantages of sinus floor augmentation and immediate implant placement, our clinical result confirms that it is promising to combine the 2 techniques for replacing maxillary molars especially when using residual roots as implant orientation and taking full advantage of the interradicular crest bone.
Effectiveness of smart classroom system to enhance English as a Second Language speaking skill.
Year: 2018

At present smart classrooms are technologically enhanced settings that enrich the knowledge of teaching and learning by integrating learning technology. Smart classrooms contain many technological devices. According to the findings of many language scholars, speaking skill can be improved by using these technological devices. There are various strategies used to improve the speaking skill among the second language learners for effective communication. It takes a lot of classroom practice, motivation to speak and encourage the creative thinking of the students. In Jaffna, the students have a lack of opportunities to speak in English as majority of the people are Tamil speakers and the resources are limited. So, there is a need to conduct research on speaking practices in Jaffna and find a suitable remedy to enhance the speaking skill. The main objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of smart classroom system to enhance speaking skill of the second language learners. Teaching English as second language follows traditional and modern methodologies. Implementation of smart classroom is a modernized method in Sri Lankan education system that provides quality education to the students by helping them in better concept formation, concept elaboration and improvement in four language skills. This study mainly focused on developing speaking skill in English at American corner under the Micro scholarship access program. The sample of the study included thirty students from various schools in Jaffna. The target group of the students was in grade 10 and included both genders. Their English proficiency level was low intermediate. The period of this research was six months. Having employed qualitative methodology with research tool, such as classroom observation, informal interviews, and experimental teaching program during the class hours, the present study's outcomes were evaluated manually. A pretest and posttest were also conducted and the data was analyzed using MS Excel. The results indicated a considerable change in the students' progress in speaking English. The analysis also helped to identify the attitude of the learners towards handling the technological devices which made a positive impact on their learning. This study confirms that a smart classroom system is successful and beneficial to the teachers of English to improve students' speaking.
Electronic Insurance and its application in e commerce 1
Year: 2013

Situations and procedures of business continuously are changing and every day, more options are delivering to businesses. In recent years, due to rapid growth of information and communications technology, and most importantly, the expansion and development of internet, the trend of these variations has been accelerated. Electronic is one of these options that many debates are performed concerning the implementation and in particular, its impact on business. The financial services sectors and especially the insurance industry were not excluded from this issue and in this regard, there are considerable studies that most of them have been carried out in developed and industrialized countries; moreover, some studies have been performed in undeveloped or developing countries. In present paper, in addition to defining the electronic insurance, the impact of e commerce on insurance industry has been discussed. This paper has been organized through the category in which, in the next part insurance industry and the challenges about it and a review on Iranian insurance industry are presented. Fourth part has discussed the electronic insurance and role that it plays in ecommerce. Fifth section has focused on the impact of ecommerce on the insurance. And next section has investigated the advantages and disadvantages of e commerce in the insurance industry, and finally, in the last part, the conclusions of this paper are presented.
Wen Tingyun and His Gan Sun Zi
Year: 2014

Wen Tingyun is a famous poet of late Tang dynasty and plays a considerable role in literary history. Although he is a gifted poet,he has always failed in the provincial civil service examination under the old Chinese examination system,for his alcohol addiction. He is despised by the authorities,with no reputation and social status,living a miserable life throughout his life. Wen Tingyun's novels are related to the social morality in his time,his Gan Sun Zi aims to please everyone as well as expressing his inner emotion. Gan Sun Zi is created in late Tang dynasty,but the original writing is missing. Modern people can collect the lost essays or words from Tai Ping Guang Ji,Lei Shuo,Qian Zhu Ji and other ancient books. Tai Ping Guang Ji consists of 33 lost articles,which is completely collected by Wang Rutao in his Quan Tang Novel.
On Teaching Intercultural Competencies Using Ethnography and Cultural Dimension Theory
Venue: 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)
Year: 2019

In the professional world there is an increasing need not only for excellent technical skills but also for soft skills. This becomes quite obvious when looking into current job descriptions for engineers. Being able to work collaboratively with people from other disciplines is besides others one example of highly demanded soft skills from job descriptions. Most undergraduate engineering programs aim to prepare prospective engineers for an interdisciplinary work environment. Universities offer a wide range of different academic disciplines. Students, normally, move around in the terrain of their own discipline only, and no insights into the world of other disciplines are acquired. We present in this paper our experiences of using ethnography and cultural dimension theory to teach intercultural competencies, collaborative learning and interdisciplinary team work. Cross disciplinary student groups do ethnographic field research projects in a foreign discipline. How to dress, how and what to talk about, which heroes you have, what values you represent, how male and female members interact, what rituals are practiced etc. are all elements that make up a special culture. The students have to interpret the meanings of the observed and experienced. They have to reflect the mission statements, self conceptions, tasks, positions and demarcations of the foreign discipline, thus overcoming the limitations of their own subject specific way of thinking.
Formation et devenir de l'aerosol organique secondaire etude experimentale de formation d'organosulfates a l'interface gaz particules
Year: 2014

Ce travail a eu pour objectif d'ameliorer notre comprehension des processus de formation et d'evolution des aerosols organiques secondaires (AOS) en etudiant les reactions susceptibles d'expliquer la presence d'especes mixtes organosoufrees observees recemment dans l'aerosol atmospherique. Les composes organiques volatils et en particulier les monoterpenes ont ete identifies comme etant des precurseurs potentiellement importants d'organosulfates dans l'atmosphere. Cependant, les mecanismes de formation de ces derniers ne sont pas encore bien compris. Seule une etude au niveau moleculaire et ciblee sur une reaction multiphasique unique, peut donner acces a des mecanismes reactionnels detailles. Ainsi, les reactions entre l'a pinene et quatre produits d'oxydation associes (a pinene oxyde, myrtenal, isopinocampheol et pinanediol) avec des particules modeles de sulfate d'ammonium ont ete etudiees individuellement dans le but de documenter la formation d'organosulfates. L'effet de l'humidite relative et celui de l'acidite des particules sur ces reactions ont ete etudies. La quantification en ligne des composes organiques volatils a ete effectuee a l'aide d'un spectrometre de masse a transfert protonique. L'identification des structures moleculaires des organosulfates, formes en phase particulaire, a ete effectuee par chromatographie liquide couplee a la spectrometrie de masse en tandem. Deux approches complementaires, impliquant des experiences en reacteur quasi statique et en chambre de simulation atmospherique, ont permis de mettre en evidence la formation d'organosulfates mais egalement de proposer des mecanismes reactionnels pour l'ensemble des composes oxydes etudies.
Engineering, Ethics, and Creativity: N'er the Twain Shall Meet?
Year: 2014

Since Guilford (1950) first suggested divergent thinking as a component of human cognition, creativity has been associated with positive qualities, characteristics, and outcomes. On the one hand, Bruner (1962) saw creativity as a defining characteristic of human intelligence, distinguishing it from impersonal, cold, machine intelligence. A. J. Cropley drew together these positive views, which he suggested see creativity as" a principle of nature and that it is, by definition, a universal beneficiai force fostering growth and rebuilding in all organic systems" (2010a, p. 2) In parallel with this view, creativity also has long been seen as good for the individual, and it is associated with many positive personal properties, such as courage, openness to experience, and flexibility, as well as offering beneficiai effects for mental health (Cropley, 1990) Adding to these positive perspectives, creativity is understood to be vital culturally and organizationally" for shaping. future orientations and actualizing reforms in political, economic and cultural areas" (Oral, 2006, p. 65) and economically" as the key to meeting challenges. arising from technological advances, social change, globalization, and now the global financial crisis" (Cropley, 2010a, p. 3) In fact, whether creativity is defined and studied in relation to the person, the process, the product, or the press (environment) namely, the 4Ps (Rhodes, 1961) a great deal of attention is paid to the positive aspects of creativity.
Amphiregulin enhances alpha6beta1 integrin expression and cell motility in human chondrosarcoma cells through Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/AP 1 pathway
Venue: Oncotarget
Year: 2015

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that produces cartilage matrix. The most lethal aspect is its metastatic property. We demonstrated that amphiregulin (AR) is significantly upregulated in highly aggressive cells. AR silencing markedly suppressed cell migration. Exogenous AR markedly increased cell migration by transactivation of a6b1 integrin expression. A neutralizing a6b1 integrin antibody can abolish AR induced cell motility. Knockdown of AR inhibits metastasis of cells to the lung in vivo. Furthermore, elevated AR expression is positively correlated with a6b1 integrin levels and higher grades in patients. These findings can potentially serve as biomarker and therapeutic approach for controlling chondrosarcoma metastasis.
Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?
Year: 2008

Paleoclimate data show that climate sensitivity is ~3 deg C for doubled CO2, including only fast feedback processes. Equilibrium sensitivity, including slower surface albedo feedbacks, is ~6 deg C for doubled CO2 for the range of climate states between glacial conditions and ice free Antarctica. Decreasing CO2 was the main cause of a cooling trend that began 50 million years ago, large scale glaciation occurring when CO2 fell to 450 100 ppm, a level that will be exceeded within decades, barring prompt policy changes. If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm. The largest uncertainty in the target arises from possible changes of non CO2 forcings. An initial 350 ppm CO2 target may be achievable by phasing out coal use except where CO2 is captured and adopting agricultural and forestry practices that sequester carbon. If the present overshoot of this target CO2 is not brief, there is a possibility of seeding irreversible catastrophic effects.
Active Learning through Adversarial Exploration in Contrastive Objectives
Year: 2018

Learning by contrasting positive and negative samples is a general strategy adopted by many methods in cases where the original formulation has intractable computational requirements or is difficult to model. Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) and negative sampling in word embeddings are examples that make use of this contrastive learning strategy. In this paper, we take an active learning perspective on negative mining whereby negative examples are chosen via a mixture distribution containing an adversarially learned sampler. The resulting adaptive sampler finds harder negative examples, which forces the main model to learn better representations of the data. We empirically show on a toy task that negative examples mined through our strategy explores regions near the decision boundaries in the embedded space a behavior that is different from other active learning strategies. We give a characterization between the connection of selected active learning strategies and recent work in intrinsic motivation in Deep Reinforcement Learning and visual semantic embeddings. We evaluate our proposal on learning word embeddings and observe both faster convergence and improved results on multiple metrics.