nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal audit in Kazakhstan conditions of economic instability and additional risks
Year: 2021

No v to zhe vremia tsifrovizatsiia i ispol'zovanie novykh tekhnologii sposobstvuet snizheniiu sprosa na trudovye resursy, obladaiushchie srednim i nizkim urovnem navykov, vypolniaiushchikh odnoobraznye trudovye funktsii. A chetvertaia promyshlennaia revoliutsiia sprovotsiruet poiavlenie professii, trebuiushchikh srednei i vysokoi kvalifikatsii. Uvelichenie lits s vysshim obrazovaniem ne dolzhno privesti k ne effektivnomu ispol'zovaniiu ikh potentsiala v ekonomike [2] Ministr truda i sotsial'noi zashchity naseleniia RK Berdibek Saparbaev na zasedanii pravitel'stva v mae 2019 goda otmetil, chto strukturnye disbalansy uzhe cherez 5 let privedut k sokrashcheniiu sprosa na nizkokvalifitsirovannyi trud, budut povysheny trebovaniia k rabochei sile. Po privedennym im otsenkam vozniknet potrebnost' v bolee chem 500 tysiach professionalov na srednei vysokokvalifitsirovannye rabochie mesta  Takim obrazom dlia povysheniia proizvoditel'nosti truda, stabil'nogo ekonomicheskogo rosta i ustoichivoi konkurentosposobnosti pri slozhivsheisia strukture zaniatykh po obrazovaniiu neobkhodimo povysit' kachestvo obucheniia po imeiushchimsia obrazovatel'nym programmam i adaptirovat' sistemu vysshego i professional'nogo obrazovaniia pod potrebnosti obladaiushchimi vysokim urovnem kompetentsii dlia professii, neobkhodimykh v budushchem.
Sickle cell retinopathy: What we now understand using optical coherence tomography angiography. A systematic review.
Venue: Blood reviews
Year: 2019

For over four decades, efforts have been underway for the evaluation of sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) in an attempt to identify peripheral high risk vascular abnormalities based on Goldberg's classification (gold standard) (1971) The macula is an area in the center of the retina that is responsible for high resolution central vision and is also affected in SCR. With the development of new technologies for retinal imaging, the macula became a main focus of interest in the study of sickle cell disease (SCD) Optical coherence tomography angiography is a modern non invasive method that allows qualitative and quantitative analysis of the retinal vascular network in the macular region. We identified 86 studies on SCD and optical coherence tomography angiography. Of those, 12 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The prevalence of sickle cell maculopathy was 45.6% in the SCD population and it increased with age. We present the main vascular findings and discuss visual impairment and pathophysiology, genotypes, and peripheral high risk vascular abnormalities. The role of the hematologist, general practitioner, and pediatrician in treatment is also reviewed.
Deep Transformer Models for Time Series Forecasting: The Influenza Prevalence Case
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

In this paper, we present a new approach to time series forecasting. Time series data are prevalent in many scientific and engineering disciplines. Time series forecasting is a crucial task in modeling time series data, and is an important area of machine learning. In this work we developed a novel method that employs Transformer based machine learning models to forecast time series data. This approach works by leveraging self attention mechanisms to learn complex patterns and dynamics from time series data. Moreover, it is a generic framework and can be applied to univariate and multivariate time series data, as well as time series embeddings. Using influenza like illness (ILI) forecasting as a case study, we show that the forecasting results produced by our approach are favorably comparable to the state of the art.
Combinations of Text Preprocessing and Word Embedding Suitable for Neural Network Models for Document Classification
Year: 2018

Neural networks with word embedding have recently used for document classification. Researchers concentrate on designing new architecture or optimizing model parameters to increase performance. However, most recent studies have overlooked text preprocessing and word embedding, in that the description of text preprocessing used is insufficient, and a certain pretrained word embedding model is mostly used without any plausible reasons. Our paper shows that finding a suitable combination of text preprocessing and word embedding can be one of the important factors required to enhance the performance. We conducted experiments on AG's News dataset to compare those possible combinations, and zero/random padding, and presence or absence of fine tuning. We used pretrained word embedding models such as skip gram, GloVe, and fastText. For diversity, we also use an average of multiple pretrained embeddings (Average) randomly initialized embedding (Random) task data trained skip gram (AGNews Skip) In addition, we used three advanced neural munseo bunryureul wihan singyeongmang modele jeoghabhan tegseuteu jeonceoriwa weodeu imbedingyi johab 691 networks for the sake of generality. Experimental results based on OOV (Out Of Vocabulary) word statistics suggest the necessity of those comparisons and a suitable combination of text preprocessing and word embedding.
Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health in Lower and Upper Middle Income Asian Countries: A Comparison Between the Philippines and China
Venue: Frontiers in Psychiatry
Year: 2020

The differences between the physical and mental health of people living in a lower middle income country (LMIC) and upper middle income country (UMIC) during the COVID 19 pandemic was unknown. This study aimed to compare the levels of psychological impact and mental health between people from the Philippines (LMIC) and China (UMIC) and correlate mental health parameters with variables relating to physical symptoms and knowledge about COVID 19.  The survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms, contact history, and knowledge about COVID 19. The psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES R) and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21)  The study population included 849 participants from 71 cities in the Philippines and 861 participants from 159 cities in China. Filipino (LMIC) respondents reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than Chinese (UMIC) during the COVID 19 (p 0.01) while only Chinese respondents' IES R scores were above the cut off for PTSD symptoms. Filipino respondents were more likely to report physical symptoms resembling COVID 19 infection (p 0.05) recent use of but with lower confidence on medical services (p 0.01) recent direct and indirect contact with COVID (p 0.01) concerns about family members contracting COVID 19 (p 0.001) dissatisfaction with health information (p 0.001) In contrast, Chinese respondents requested more health information about COVID 19. For the Philippines, student status, low confidence in doctors, dissatisfaction with health information, long daily duration spent on health information, worries about family members contracting COVID 19, ostracization, and unnecessary worries about COVID 19 were associated with adverse mental health. Physical symptoms and poor self rated health were associated with adverse mental health in both countries (p 0.05)  The findings of this study suggest the need for widely available COVID 19 testing in MIC to alleviate the adverse mental health in people who present with symptoms. A health education and literacy campaign is required in the Philippines to enhance the satisfaction of health information.
Contextualized BERT Sentence Embeddings for Author Profiling: The Cost of Performances
Venue: ICCSA
Year: 2020

The necessity to know information about the real identity of an online subject is a highly relevant issue in User Profiling, especially for analysis from digital sources such as social media. The digital identity of a user does not always present explicit data about her offline life such as age, gender, work, and more. This problem makes the task of user profiling complex and incomplete. For many years this issue has received a considerable amount of attention from the whole community, which has developed several solutions, also based on machine learning, to estimate user characteristics. The increasing diffusion of deep learning approaches has allowed, on the one hand, to obtain a considerable increase in predictive performance, but on the other hand, to have available models that cannot be interpreted and that require very high computational power. Considering the validity of new pre trained language models on extensive data for resolving many natural language processing and classification tasks, we decided to propose a BERT based approach (BERT DNN) also for the author profiling task. In a first analysis, we compared the results obtained by our model with them of more classical approaches. As a follow, a critical analysis was carried out. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches also in terms of resources needed to run them. The results obtained by our model are encouraging in terms of reliability but very disappointing if we consider the computational power required for running it.
Burns as a consequence of child maltreatment
Year: 2014

Over 25,000 children a year attend emergency departments in the UK with burns. Scalds predominate, with infants aged one year being 10 times more likely to sustain a burn than any other age group. Identifying which burns result from abuse or neglect is challenging, but inflicted injuries are more likely to have certain characteristics and differences in the causative agent, mechanism and pattern of burns have been observed in children with non accidental burn injuries. Children have been subjected to every type of burn as a consequence of abuse including scalds, contact, caustic, flame and radiation burns, thus careful scrutiny of all burns cases for possible maltreatment is warranted. Whilst neglectful burns outnumber inflicted burns by 9:1, these are most challenging to discern. A detailed history is vital to determine whether the burn pattern is consistent with the child's developmental stage, and the agent and mechanism offered, in addition to evaluating supervision, and previous or co existent injuries. Social features such as domestic violence in the home or being previously known to social services are also key indicators. If abuse is suspected, full investigations including skeletal survey in those aged less than 2 years is required, consideration of cranial neuro imaging in younger infants and possible scene assessment.
Supervised semantic indexing
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2009

In this article we propose Supervised Semantic Indexing (SSI) an algorithm that is trained on (query, document) pairs of text documents to predict the quality of their match. Like Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) our models take account of correlations between words (synonymy, polysemy) However, unlike LSI our models are trained with a supervised signal directly on the ranking task of interest, which we argue is the reason for our superior results. As the query and target texts are modeled separately, our approach is easily generalized to different retrieval tasks, such as online advertising placement. Dealing with models on all pairs of words features is computationally challenging. We propose several improvements to our basic model for addressing this issue, including low rank (but diagonal preserving) representations, and correlated feature hashing (CFH) We provide an empirical study of all these methods on retrieval tasks based on Wikipedia documents as well as an Internet advertisement task. We obtain state of the art performance while providing realistically scalable methods.
Shape perception of thin transparent objects with stereoscopic viewing
Venue: TAP
Year: 2013

Many materials, including water surfaces, jewels, and glassware exhibit transparent refractions. The human visual system can somehow recover 3D shape from refracted images. While previous research has elucidated various visual cues that can facilitate visual perception of transparent objects, most of them focused on monocular material perception. The question of shape perception of transparent objects is much more complex and few studies have been undertaken, particular in terms of binocular vision. In this article, we first design a system for stereoscopic surface orientation estimation with photo realistic stimuli. It displays pre rendered stereoscopic images and a real time S3D (Stereoscopic 3D) shape probe simultaneously. Then we estimate people's perception of the shape of thin transparent objects using a gauge figure task. Our results suggest that people can consistently perceive the surface orientation of thin transparent objects, and stereoscopic viewing improves the precision of estimates. To explain the results, we present an edge aware orientation map based on image gradients and structure tensors to illustrate the orientation information in images. We also decomposed the normal direction of the surface into azimuth angle and slant angle to explain why additional depth information can improve the accuracy of perceived normal direction.
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
Venue: Nature Immunology
Year: 2010

Nearly a century after the significance of the human complement system was recognized, we have come to realize that its functions extend far beyond the elimination of microbes. Complement acts as a rapid and efficient immune surveillance system that has distinct effects on healthy and altered host cells and foreign intruders. By eliminating cellular debris and infectious microbes, orchestrating immune responses and sending 'danger' signals, complement contributes substantially to homeostasis, but it can also take action against healthy cells if not properly controlled. This review describes our updated view of the function, structure and dynamics of the complement network, highlights its interconnection with immunity at large and with other endogenous pathways, and illustrates its multiple roles in homeostasis and disease.
Positivism and "alternative" accounting research
Year: 2017

Accounting is a vibrant and dynamic area, which in the last decades has assumed prime importance in the economy, in society, and in the world in general. Research in the eld is particularly relevant given the potential e@ ect that accounting information can produce and disseminate in society (namely among decision and policy makers) However, the research in the area has been accused of being sterile and stagnant. In this Editorial, I intend to assess its development over time and re, ect upon its current problems and challenges.Until the 1960s, the dominant theoretical and methodological paradigm in accounting research was normative, based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize gains and process information in a perfect way, to which they have access at zero cost and that there is no uncertainty (Ryan, Scapens, " eobald, 2002; Scapens, 2006) " e idea was that it was the job of accounting researchers to develop models and tools that could be useful for company managers and help them to make decisions. In other words, the researchers should prescribe excellent solutions and models in the accounting manuals, which if properly implemented by managers (i.e. following the rules and prescriptions indicated) would lead companies to achieve higher levels of performance. " e search for the answer to the question "what should managers do?" nely illustrates the concerns of normative researchers (Scapens, 2006) " e shortcomings of this paradigm and the irrelevance of the theoretical models developed during this period for companies led researchers, such as Robert Scapens in the United Kingdom, to alert the academic and scienti~ c community to the gap between theory (textbooks) and practice (companies) (Scapens, 1994, 2006; Bromwich Scapens, 2016).From the 1970s onwards, positivist or empirical research came to be the dominant paradigm, seeking to answer the question "what should managers do?" by observing reality and developing universal laws (Ryan et al
L'Education nouvelle entre science et militance Debats et combats a travers la revue <Pour l'Ere Nouvelle> (1920 1940)
Year: 2016

ISBN 978 3 0343 2096 2 Cet ouvrage etudie l'Education nouvelle dans ses dimensions scientifi ques et militantes. Porte par des praticiens convaincus qu'une reforme de l'ecole pourra transformer le monde, le mouvement attire aussi des scientifi ques persuades que la science a un role a jouer dans la quete d'une harmonie entre les hommes. Tous se rejoignent dans la volonte de construire une education basee sur une connaissance scientifi que de l'enfant selon eux, la pedagogie ne doit plus etre un art mais une science. Ce livre s'interesse a la relation qu'entretiennent ici la science et la militance quelle est la part de l'une et l'autre dans les revendications de l'Education nouvelle Comment le discours scientifi que se mele t il au discours militant Qui sont les acteurs engages dans le mouvement et comment concilient ils ces deux facettes dans leur activite Dans une demarche d'histoire sociale, cet ouvrage puise ses apports dans la lecture fi ne d'une revue emblematique du mouvement, organe de la Ligue internationale pour l'Education nouvelle. Il etudie les questions en debat telles que les methodes d'enseignement, le role du maitre, la place des savoirs scolaires ou la liberte en education. Ce livre attache une importance particuliere aux acteurs engages pour cette cause et s'interesse a leurs profi ls, reseaux et activites aux niveaux local et international.
Heterocyclic pharmacochemistry of new rhinovirus antiviral agents: A combined computational and experimental study.
Venue: European journal of medicinal chemistry
Year: 2017

Rhinovirus (RV) member of the Enterovirus genus, is known to be involved in more than half of the common colds. Through advances in molecular biology, rhinoviruses have also been associated with exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis) In the current investigation, we develop a novel series of 4,5 dimethoxybenzyl derivatives that potently inhibits rhinovirus replication. Compound (S) 7f blocks RV B14 replication with an EC50 value of 0.25 mM and shows a low toxicity in HeLa cells (CC50 271 mM) Enantioseparation followed by an absolute configuration determination by a Mosher's method revealed the interest of enantiopure compounds. Molecular docking studies permitted the identification of key biological interactions within the drug binding pocket and an in silico drug like study revealed a good potential for the development of these derivatives.
Forced choice decision making in modified trolley dilemma situations: a virtual reality and eye tracking study
Venue: Front. Behav. Neurosci.
Year: 2014

Based on the frameworks of dual process theories, we examined the interplay between intuitive and controlled cognitive processes related to moral and social judgments. In a virtual reality (VR) setting we performed an experiment investigating the progression from fast, automatic decisions towards more controlled decisions over multiple trials in the context of a sacrificing scenario. We repeatedly exposed participants to a modified ten to one version and to three one to one versions of the trolley dilemma in VR and varied avatar properties, such as their gender and ethnicity, and their orientation in space. We also investigated the influence of arousing music on decisions. Our experiment replicated the behavioral pattern observed in studies using text versions of the trolley dilemma, thereby validating the use of virtual environments in research on moral judgments. Additionally, we found a general tendency towards sacrificing male individuals which correlated with socially desirable responding. As indicated by differences in response times, the ten to one version of the trolley dilemma seems to be faster to decide than decisions requiring comparisons based on specific avatar properties as a result of differing moral content. Building upon research on music based emotion induction, we used music to induce emotional arousal on a physiological level as measured by pupil diameter. We found a specific temporal signature displaying a peak in arousal around the moment of decision. This signature occurs independently of the overall arousal level. Furthermore, we found context dependent gaze durations during sacrificing decisions, leading participants to look prolonged at their victim if they had to choose between avatars differing in gender. Our study confirmed that moral decisions can be explained within the framework of dual process theories and shows that pupillometric measurements are a promising tool for investigating affective responses in dilemma situations.
Salidroside: A review of its recent advances in synthetic pathways and pharmacological properties.
Venue: Chemico biological interactions
Year: 2021

Salidroside has been identified as one of the most potent compounds isolated from various Rhodiola plants, which have been used for a long time as adaptogens in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the severe growing environment of herbal medicine and large scale excavation, the content of natural salidroside is extremely small. Most of the previous studies focused on herbal medicine, and there were few reviews on the synthesis of its main active ingredient salidroside. This paper presents different synthetic routes of salidroside to resolve the contradiction between supply and demand and lays the foundation for new drug research and development. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that salidroside, a promising environmentally adapted drug with low toxicity and few side effects, possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including activities on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system, anti hypoxia, anti fatigue and anti aging activities, anticancer activity, anti inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antivirus and immune stimulation activities, antidiabetic activity, anti osteoporotic activity, and so on. Although the former researches have summarized the pharmacological effects of salidroside, focusing on the central nervous system, diabetes, and cancer, the overall pharmacological aspects of it have not been analyzed. This review highlights biological characteristics and mechanisms of action from 2009 to now as well as toxicological and pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far, with a view to providing a reference for further development and utilization of salidroside.
Delirium Monitoring: Yes or No? That Is The Question
Venue: American journal of critical care an official publication, American Association of Critical Care Nurses
Year: 2019

&NA; Delirium, one of the most common manifestations of acute brain dysfunction, is a serious complication in patients receiving care throughout the hospital and a strong predictor of worse outcome. Although delirium monitoring is advocated in numerous evidence based guidelines as part of routine clinical care, it is still not widely and consistently performed at the bedside in different patient care settings. In a debate on delirium monitoring in hospitalized patients at the 7th American Delirium Society meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, June 2017, areas related to the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of routine delirium monitoring of hospitalized patients were identified, and arguments both for (pro) and against (con) the practice were presented. These arguments and others arising in the discussion were subsequently expanded. The goals were to present a conversation among clinicians and researchers from different settings and to identify the evidence practice gaps for delirium monitoring for future research and organizational quality improvement programs. Further research is needed to determine whether or not delirium monitoring should become routine clinical care for every patient in every hospital setting.