nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Convolutional Networks for Content Weighted Image Compression
Venue: 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Year: 2018

Lossy image compression is generally formulated as a joint rate distortion optimization problem to learn encoder, quantizer, and decoder. Due to the non differentiable quantizer and discrete entropy estimation, it is very challenging to develop a convolutional network (CNN) based image compression system. In this paper, motivated by that the local information content is spatially variant in an image, we suggest that: (i) the bit rate of the different parts of the image is adapted to local content, and (ii) the content aware bit rate is allocated under the guidance of a content weighted importance map. The sum of the importance map can thus serve as a continuous alternative of discrete entropy estimation to control compression rate. The binarizer is adopted to quantize the output of encoder and a proxy function is introduced for approximating binary operation in backward propagation to make it differentiable. The encoder, decoder, binarizer and importance map can be jointly optimized in an end to end manner. And a convolutional entropy encoder is further presented for lossless compression of importance map and binary codes. In low bit rate image compression, experiments show that our system significantly outperforms JPEG and JPEG 2000 by structural similarity (SSIM) index, and can produce the much better visual result with sharp edges, rich textures, and fewer artifacts.
Meta Learning for User Cold Start Recommendation
Venue: 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Year: 2019

Recent studies in recommender systems emphasize the importance of dealing with the cold start problem i.e. the modeling of new users or items in the recommendation system. Meta learning approaches have gained popularity recently in the Machine Learning (ML) community for learning representations useful for a wide range of tasks. Inspired by the generalizable modeling prowess of Model Agnostic Meta Learning, we design a recommendation framework that is trained to be reasonably good enough for a wide range of users. During testing, to adapt to a specific user, the model parameters are updated by a few gradient steps. We evaluate our approach on three different benchmark datasets, from Movielens, Netflix, and MyFitnessPal. Through detailed simulation studies, we show that this framework handles the user cold start model much better than state of the art benchmark recommender systems. We also show that the proposed approach performs well on the task of general recommendations to non cold start users and effectively takes care of routine and eclectic preference trends of users.
A Condition Number for Non Rigid Shape Matching
Venue: Comput. Graph. Forum
Year: 2011

Despite the large amount of work devoted in recent years to the problem of non rigid shape matching, practical methods that can successfully be used for arbitrary pairs of shapes remain elusive. In this paper, we study the hardness of the problem of shape matching, and introduce the notion of the shape condition number, which captures the intuition that some shapes are inherently more difficult to match against than others. In particular, we make a connection between the symmetry of a given shape and the stability of any method used to match it while optimizing a given distortion measure. We analyze two commonly used classes of methods in deformable shape matching, and show that the stability of both types of techniques can be captured by the appropriate notion of a condition number. We also provide a practical way to estimate the shape condition number and show how it can be used to guide the selection of landmark correspondences between shapes. Thus we shed some light on the reasons why general shape matching remains difficult and provide a way to detect and mitigate such difficulties in practice.
Introduction: Social Murder
Year: 2012

A social transformation identified as a defining feature of the new millennium concerns the notion that people are less connected to one another and their communities than they were a generation ago. Yet the theme is familiar, social science has produced a number of different variations on this topic over a period spanning at least 150 years. Community decline or its endurance was a persistent issue explored by community studies throughout the 20th century for example (Lee and Newby, 1983; Wellman, 1979) whilst earlier, community loss was a theme which united the diverse approaches of the classical sociologists Marx, Weber, and Durkheim (Turner, 1988) In Durkheim's case, it was the disruption caused to community ties by industrialization and urbanization and the search for new sources of solidarity which were a central focus to his work. In a development of Durkheim's ideas, urban sociologists of the Chicago school linked city life with social isolation and disorganization arguing that 'slum' areas could not be communities but were simply alienated areas of transition (Wirth, 1938; Bell and Newby, 1971)
First COVID 19 case in Zambia Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS CoV 2 detected in African countries
Venue: International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Year: 2020

Since its first discovery in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID 19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS CoV 2, has spread rapidly worldwide. Whilst African countries were relatively spared initially, the initial low incidence of COVID 19 cases was not sustained for long due to continuing travel links between China, Europe and Africa. In preparation, Zambia had applied a multisectoral national epidemic disease surveillance and response system resulting in the identification of the first case within 48 hours of the individual entering the country by air travel from a trip to France. Contact tracing showed that SARS CoV 2 infection was contained within the patient's household, with no further spread to attending health care workers or community members. Phylogenomic analysis of the patient's SARS CoV 2 strain showed it belonged to lineage B.1.1. sharing the last common ancestor with SARS CoV 2 strains recovered from South Africa. At the African continental level, our analysis showed that lineage B.1 and B.1.1 lineages appear to be predominant in Africa. Whole genome sequence analysis should be part of all surveillance and case detection activities in order to monitor the origin and evolution of SARS CoV 2 lineages across Africa.
Simple Intrinsic Simulation of Cellular Automata in Oritatami Molecular Folding Model
Venue: LATIN
Year: 2020

The Oritatami model was introduced by Geary et al. (2016) to study the computational potential of RNA cotranscriptional folding as first shown in wet lab experiments by Geary et al. (Science 2014) In the Oritatami model, a molecule grows component by component (named beads) into the triangular grid and folds as it grows. More precisely, the \delta last nascent beads are free to move and adopt the positions that maximize the number of bonds with the current folded structure. Geary et al. (2018) proved that the Oritatami model is capable of efficient Turing universal computation using a complicated construction that simulates Turing machines via tag systems. We propose here a simple Oritatami system which intrinsically simulates arbitrary 1D cellular automata. Being intrinsic, our simulation emulates the behavior of cellular automata in a readable way and in time linear in space and time of the simulated automaton. The Oritatami model has proven to be a fruitful framework to study molecular reconfigurability. Our construction relies on the development of new mechanisms which are simple enough that we believe that some simplification of them may be implemented in the wet lab. An implementation of our construction can be downloaded for testing.
An introduction to ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)
Year: 2012

Ben Gao deha2009Nian yoriShi matsutaGuo Ji De naYan Jiu Zhe Shi Bie Zi Fu Yu Huo Dong dearuORCID(Open Researcher and Contributor ID)nitsuiteJie Shuo suru. ORCIDhaShi Jie Zhong noYan Jiu Zhe niYi Yi noShi Bie Zi woYu erukotode,samazamanaXue Shu komiyunikeshiyonwoYuan Hua nisurukotowoMu De toshiteiru. konotameniXue Shu komiyunikeshiyonniGuan Yu suruChu Ban She ,Da Xue ,Yan Jiu Zhu Cheng Ji Guan Deng gaJi matsuteFei Ying Li Fa Ren ORCID Inc.woShe Li shite,Huo Dong noMu Ti toshiteiru. Xian Zai 300Jin iZu Zhi gaCan Jia shiteiru. ORCIDnoIDhaGe Bie noYan Jiu Zhe nitotsutehaZi Ji noYan Jiu Ye Ji noJi Yue yaTa noYan Jiu Zhe noYe Ji noFa Jian niYi Li tsu. Da Xue nitotsutehaZu Zhi noYe Ji womatomerunoniGong Xian suru.    Ding dearu.
Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices
Venue: STOC '09
Year: 2009

We propose a fully homomorphic encryption scheme i.e. a scheme that allows one to evaluate circuits over encrypted data without being able to decrypt. Our solution comes in three steps. First, we provide a general result that, to construct an encryption scheme that permits evaluation of arbitrary circuits, it suffices to construct an encryption scheme that can evaluate (slightly augmented versions of) its own decryption circuit; we call a scheme that can evaluate its (augmented) decryption circuit bootstrappable. Next, we describe a public key encryption scheme using ideal lattices that is almost bootstrappable. Lattice based cryptosystems typically have decryption algorithms with low circuit complexity, often dominated by an inner product computation that is in NC1. Also, ideal lattices provide both additive and multiplicative homomorphisms (modulo a public key ideal in a polynomial ring that is represented as a lattice) as needed to evaluate general circuits. Unfortunately, our initial scheme is not quite bootstrappable i.e. the depth that the scheme can correctly evaluate can be logarithmic in the lattice dimension, just like the depth of the decryption circuit, but the latter is greater than the former. In the final step, we show how to modify the scheme to reduce the depth of the decryption circuit, and thereby obtain a bootstrappable encryption scheme, without reducing the depth that the scheme can evaluate. Abstractly, we accomplish this by enabling the encrypter to start the decryption process, leaving less work for the decrypter, much like the server leaves less work for the decrypter in a server aided cryptosystem.
Overcoming the Challenges of Logistics Outsourcing in Selected Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State
Venue: International Journal of Scientific Research and Management
Year: 2019

Logistics outsourcing as a conscious business decision to move internal work or activities to an external supplier has become a means of minimizing cost, reducing internal workload and gaining core competency for organizations as well as Oil and Gas companies in recent times. In spite of the enormous advantages of logistics outsourcing as reported by previous studies such as cost reduction, effective base and warehouse management, improved safety, risk sharing, Knowledge transfer, training and development. However, research has shown that logistics outsourcing have, other times turned into a wellspring of corporate disappointment and dissatisfactions. In this work, the challenges that could lead to an unsuccessful logistics outsourcing were investigated to uncover the inherent challenges and recommend possible solutions to overcoming them. The sample size was focused on the managers and assistant managers in the selected oil and gas companies and their logistics providers. A total of 350 copies of questionnaire titled Logistics outsourcing and organizational performance questionnaire (LOOPQ) was designed and administered to elicit primary information and data from respondents who were chosen from the oil and gas companies and service providers with a 90% respondent rate. Secondary data was obtained from company records. The data for this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for both descriptive and inferential statistics. The present study found that the failure of logistics outsourcing in the oil and gas companies can be connected to any of these challenges. The study have exposed the major challenges of logistics outsourcing in the oil and gas companies and recommended that a strategic management of logistics outsourcing which can overcome the challenges inherent in logistics outsourcing and improve organizational performance in the oil and gas industry should include: Provision of New/Standard equipment and regular maintenance by logistics providers, Effective communication network between logistics providers and the selected oil and gas companies under study, provide motivation for members of staff, Advanced Customer/Client Relation Management, ensure good Quality Assurance and Control and effective monitoring of projects.
Shenango: Achieving High CPU Efficiency for Latency sensitive Datacenter Workloads
Venue: NSDI
Year: 2019

Datacenter applications demand microsecond scale tail latencies and high request rates from operating systems, and most applications handle loads that have high variance over multiple timescales. Achieving these goals in a CPU efficient way is an open problem. Because of the high overheads of today's kernels, the best available solution to achieve microsecond scale latencies is kernel bypass networking, which dedicates CPU cores to applications for spin polling the network card. But this approach wastes CPU: even at modest average loads, one must dedicate enough cores for the peak expected load. Shenango achieves comparable latencies but at far greater CPU efficiency. It reallocates cores across applications at very fine granularity every 5 ms enabling cycles unused by latency sensitive applications to be used productively by batch processing applications. It achieves such fast reallocation rates with (1) an efficient algorithm that detects when applications would benefit from more cores, and (2) a privileged component called the IOKernel that runs on a dedicated core, steering packets from the NIC and orchestrating core reallocations. When handling latency sensitive applications, such as memcached, we found that Shenango achieves tail latency and throughput comparable to ZygOS, a state of the art, kernel bypass network stack, but can linearly trade latency sensitive application throughput for batch processing application throughput, vastly increasing CPU efficiency.
Adversarial Attacks on Object Detectors with Limited Perturbations
Venue: ICASSP 2021 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Year: 2021

Deep convolutional neural networks are widely witnessed vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Recently, great progress has been achieved in attacking object detectors. However, current attacks neglect the practical utility and rely on global perturbations on the target image with a large number of patches or pixels. In this paper, we present a novel attack framework named DTTACK to fool both one stage and two stage object detectors with limited perturbations. A novel divergent patch shape consisting of four intersecting lines is proposed to effectively affect deep convolutional feature extraction with limited pixels. In particular, we introduce an instance aware heat map as a self attention module to help DTTACK focus on salient object areas, which further improves the attacking performance. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC, MS COCO, as well as an online detection system demonstrate that DTTACK surpasses the state of the art methods by large margins.
Consolidating newborn screening efforts in the Asia Pacific region
Venue: Journal of Community Genetics
Year: 2011

Many of the countries in the Asia Pacific Region, particularly those with depressed and developing economies, are just initiating newborn screening programs for selected metabolic and other congenital disorders. The cultural, geographic, language, and economic differences that exist throughout the region add to the challenges of developing sustainable newborn screening systems. There are currently more developing programs than developed programs within the region. Newborn screening activities in the Asia Pacific Region are particularly important since births there account for approximately half of the world's births. To date, there have been two workshops to facilitate formation of the Asia Pacific Newborn Screening Collaboratives. The 1st Workshop on Consolidating Newborn Screening Efforts in the Asia Pacific Region occurred in Cebu, Philippines, on March 30 April 1, 2008, as a satellite meeting to the 7th Asia Pacific Conference on Human Genetics. The second workshop was held on June 4 5, 2010, in Manila,  key policy makers, service providers, researchers, and consumer advocates from 11 countries with 50% or less newborn screening coverage. Expert lectures included experiences in the United States and the Netherlands, international quality assurance activities and ongoing and potential research activities. Additional meeting support was provided by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center, the International Society for Neonatal Screening, and the March of Dimes. As part of both meeting activities, participants shared individual experiences in program implementation with formal updates of screening information for each country. This report reviews the activities and country reports from two Workshops on Consolidating Newborn Screening Efforts in the Asia Pacific Region with emphasis on the second workshop. It also updates the literature on screening activities and implementation/expansion challenges in the participating countries.
Reflective practice in nursing care: embedded assumptions in qualitative studies.
Venue: International journal of nursing practice
Year: 2007

Qualitative nursing researchers have long recognized that reflective practice (RP) seems to be a valuable tool in nursing care. The aim of the present meta study was to analyse current qualitative research on RP in nursing care, in order to create and synthesize the knowledge and the understanding of registered nurses' RP. Using a meta study synthesis approach, embedded assumptions were identified in qualitative studies that have influenced the way researchers have interpreted and made sense of RP in nursing care. Despite empirical focus in research on RP in nursing care, it was found that assumptions about RP were predominantly based on theory. The reflective movement within the practice of nursing care has mainly a constructivist epistemology, based on learning from experience. The individual nurse's RP capability is essential in providing and improving ethical and holistic nursing care.
Vers une clarification de l'intrusivite des applications mobiles servicielles le cas du gaspillage alimentaire
Venue: Decisions Marketing
Year: 2019

Afin de se positionner comme des partenaires bienveillants des consommateurs, marques et enseignes developpent des applications mobiles servicielles qui construisent leur proposition de valeur sur l'utilite et la praticite pour les consommateurs et/ou qui cherchent a modifier leurs comportements alimentaires. Ces nouveaux dispositifs technologiques sont encore peu adoptes par les consommateurs, notamment a cause de leur caractere intrusif. Prenant comme terrain d'application le gaspillage alimentaire, cette recherche mobilise deux enquetes qualitatives, menees a l'aide d'entretiens semi directifs, pour fournir une comprehension approfondie de l'intrusivite d'une application mobile servicielle. Cinq dimensions sont ainsi mises en lumiere l'intrusivite aspiration, l'intrusivite envahissement, l'intrusivite effraction ainsi que l'intrusivite usurpation et l'intrusivite ingerence sur lesquelles peu de recherches ont ete menees. Les implications theoriques et manageriales sont finalement discutees.
A 3.2 ppm/degC curvature compensated bandgap reference with wide supply voltage range
Venue: Microelectron. J.
Year: 2012

A novel bandgap reference (BGR) with low temperature and supply sensitivities, which is compatible with standard Bipolar and BiCMOS processes, is presented in this paper. Utilizing exponential curvature compensation (ECC) and translinear loop circuit (TLC) high order curvature compensation is realized to reduce temperature drift. Besides, two feedback loops are embedded in the circuit to enhance the stability and to reduce the dependence on supply voltage. Experimental results of the proposed BGR implemented with 1 @mm Bipolar process demonstrate that a temperature coefficient (TC) of 3.2ppm/^oC is realized, a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of 60dB is achieved without filtering capacitors, and the line regulation is better than 0.088mV/V from 3.5V to 30V supply voltage dissipating a maximum supply current of 39@mA. The active area of the proposed BGR is 700@mmx750@mm.
Menopausia, andropausia, cuestion de genero
Year: 2016

espanolEste estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la influencia de genero en las vivencias en torno a la sexualidad durante la menopausia y andropausia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con una muestra de 167 hombres y mujeres. En la recopilacion de datos, se les pasaron dos cuestionarios, uno con variables sociodemograficas, y la escala validada del Indice de Satisfaccion Sexual (ISF) Los datos han sido recogidos en diferentes Centros de Salud de Sevilla y su provincia, durante los meses de febrero a abril de 2016. Se identifico que existe una marcada influencia de genero en las vivencias asociadas a la sexualidad en las mujeres menopausicas y hombres andropausicos, por lo que creemos que es necesario mas educacion sanitaria para romper los estereotipos de genero marcados en esta etapa de la vida. EnglishThis study aimed to explore the influence of gender on the experiences around sexuality during menopause and andropause. It is a transversal, descriptive study with a sample of 167 men and women. In data collection, they spent two questionnaires, one with sociodemographic variables, and validated scale of Sexual Satisfaction Index (ISF) Data have been collected at different health centers in Seville and its province, during the months of February to April 2016. It was identified that there is a marked influence of gender on the experiences related to sexuality in menopausal women and andropausal men, so we believe that more health education is needed to break gender stereotypes marked at this stage of life.
16. Electronic contracts
Venue: Information Technology Law
Year: 2019

This chapter examines contracts in electronic commerce and their implications for the traditional contract law and the law relating to payment and payment methods. It first looks at the rules for the formation of informal electronic contracts and the regulation of offer and acceptance, focusing on Articles 9 11 of the European Union's Electronic Commerce Directive. The chapter then considers the question of when acceptance is effectively communicated to the offeror, the terms of the contract, and their enforcement as well as evaluating formal contracts and discussing their formation and terms. A focus for this chapter is the evolving laws on electronic signatures, the role of qualified trust service providers and how electronic signatures are formalized. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the evolving area of smart contracts: their design, formation, and what the role of the law is in relation to these self enforcing agreements.