nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified triple active bridge DC/AC three phase converter with a series resonant LC circuit on the AC side
Venue: 2017 IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC)
Year: 2017

A novel three port, isolated, and single stage DC/AC three phase converter is proposed. This converter aims at interfacing a renewable energy source, a battery pack, and the three phase electric grid. The battery and grid ports have bidirectional power flow capability. It is comprised of three active bridges, a HF AC link three winding transformer, and a series resonant LC circuit in the AC port. In contrast to the conventional three port series resonant converter, this structure only includes one LC tank, which makes it more reliable and less complex. The proposed modulation consists in phase shift control under a high and fixed switching frequency. Duty ratio depending of the grid phase is introduced on the AC side. An extra phase angle is added to control real and reactive power transfer. This topology can be considered as the superposition of a DAB DC/DC and a series resonant DC/AC three phase converter. As a result, the currents flowing through the transformer's windings are quasi sinusoidal and trapezoidal waves, which permits low rms and peak current magnitudes. Steady state analysis, design procedure, and simulation results are presented for a 1kW converter.
User interfaces for semantic authoring of textual content: A systematic literature review
Venue: J. Web Semant.
Year: 2013

Practical approaches for managing and supporting the life cycle of semantic content on the Web of Data have recently made quite some progress. In particular in the area of the user friendly manual and semi automatic creation of rich semantic content we have observed recently a large number of approaches and systems being described in the literature. With this survey we aim to provide an overview on the rapidly emerging field of Semantic Content Authoring (SCA) We conducted a systematic literature review comprising a thorough analysis of 31 primary studies out of 175 initially retrieved papers addressing the semantic authoring of textual content. We obtained a comprehensive set of quality attributes for SCA systems together with corresponding user interface features suggested for their realization. The quality attributes include aspects such as usability, automation, generalizability, collaboration, customizability and evolvability. The primary studies were surveyed in the light of these quality attributes and we performed a thorough analysis of four SCA systems. The proposed quality attributes and UI features facilitate the evaluation of existing approaches and the development of novel more effective and intuitive semantic authoring interfaces.
The Clustering of Expressive Timing Within a Phrase in Classical Piano Performances by Gaussian Mixture Models
Venue: CMMR
Year: 2015

In computational musicology research, clustering is a common approach to the analysis of expression. Our research uses mathematical model selection criteria to evaluate the performance of clustered and non clustered models applied to intra phrase tempo variations in classical piano performances. By engaging different standardisation methods for the tempo variations and engaging different types of covariance matrices, multiple pieces of performances are used for evaluating the performance of candidate models. The results of tests suggest that the clustered models perform better than the non clustered models and the original tempo data should be standardised by the mean of tempo within a phrase.
Sources of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals and Their Accumulation in Vegetables: a Review
Venue: Water, Air, Soil Pollution
Year: 2019

The presence of heavy metals in food is a threat to human health. Exposure to heavy metals as a result of consumption of contaminated vegetables, as well as their toxicity, is a serious problem. Different branches of industry and the road traffic have a significant impact on environmental pollution with heavy metals. Municipal and industrial sewage also is an important source of those substances. Furthermore, the mineral content of vegetables depends on factors such as the natural content of trace elements in the environment, their levels in mineral fertilizers, and fertilizer doses. In the soil, a natural source of these metals is bedrock. In soils used for agricultural purposes, some quantities of metals are introduced together with fertilizers, both organic and mineral. Additionally, another sources of the metals are plant protection products. Heavy metal dynamics in the soil and their uptake by plants are influenced by soil properties, which play a key role in the bioavailability of these metals. Metal mobility and assimilation are also influenced by the addition of organic and inorganic matter. A significant body of evidence also suggest that the age of the soil plays an important role in modulation of metal bioavailability to plants. Apart from being influenced by the soil related factors, absorption of metals differs in different types of plants. A significant variation in metal concentrations was also found depending on their location in plant tissues, on plant species, or even on varieties of the same species.
Using citation metrics as part of academic recruitment decisions leads to an increase in self citations
Year: 2018

The use of citation metrics in academic hiring and promotion decisions was intended as a response to important and legitimate concerns over the meritocracy of recruitment procedures. However, evidence suggests that doing so distorts scientists' behaviour and increases the risk that these measures become unreliable. Marco Seeber, Mattia Cattaneo, Michele Meoli and Paolo Malighetti investigated the use of citation metrics within the Italian higher education system and found that scientists responded to a new regulation linking career advancement to metric scores by increasingly citing their own work. Policymakers should take note and use bibliometric tools as a means of informing rather than determining evaluations, as advocated by initiatives such as DORA and the Leiden Manifesto.
Realism Versus Surrealism
Year: 2016

Realism and surrealism claim, respectively, that a scientific theory is successful because it is true, and because the world operates as if it is true. Lyons (Philosophy of Science 70(5):891 901, 2003) criticizes realism and argues that surrealism is superior to realism. I reply that Lyons's criticisms against realism fail. I also attempt to establish the following two claims: (1) Realism and surrealism lead to a useful prescription and a useless prescription, respectively, on how to make an unsuccessful theory successful. (2) Realism and surrealism give the credit for the success of a theory to an appropriate factor and to an inappropriate factor, respectively. Finally, I point out that surrealism is vulnerable to my pessimistic induction (Park in Organon F 21(1):3 21, 2014a) against antirealism.
ROLE OF CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT IN LOW BACK PAIN
Year: 2012

Pain is a symptom when it occurs acutely, but frequent symptoms changes into chronic condition. Pain is due to tissue damage or alarm signals for upcoming complications. Back pain is a common public health problem, affecting at least 80% of individuals experiencing a considerable episode of low back pain in their life. The occurrence of spasticity related muscle pain in patients after spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis or with stroke can attain as high as 67% 74% and 65% A variety of pharmacologic agents are used for the treatment of myogenic pain. These agents are termed as muscle relaxants and antispastic medications. Obstruction of the polysynaptic reflex arc has been used as an assay for the actions of centrally acting muscle relaxants and noncurariform relaxants. Skeletal muscle relaxants are diverse group of medications used to treat different types of underlying situation: spasticity from upper motor neuron (UMN) syndromes and muscular pain or spasm from peripheral musculoskeletal conditions. To review the effectiveness of centrally acting muscle relaxant on specific and nonspecific low back pain. Recent therapy primarily includes use of centrally acting muscle relaxants, which are advantageous in treatment of some symptoms, but repeated use has extensive side
Efficient methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite solar cells with chloroformamidinium chloride (Cl FACl) as an additive
Year: 2019

Mixed halide perovskite (MAPbI3 xClx) solar cells have been widely researched because of their excellent photoelectronic properties. However, Cl doping is difficult to obtain due to the low formation energy and low boiling point of MAPbCl3 which can decompose into PbCl2 and MACl. MACl can leave the perovskite film during the annealing process leading to the loss of Cl and undesirable pinholes or cracks. Here, we present the chloroformamidinium chloride (Cl FACl) as a "stabilizer" to stabilize Cl ions and thus restrain the removal of Cl avoiding the undesirable defects. With the introduction of Cl FACl, improvement of film quality and reduction of defects result in a longer TRPL decay time and thus more stable devices. High efficiency methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI3 xClx) perovskite solar cells with an efficiency up to 20.36% have been achieved with negligible hysteresis.
Object segmentation and recognition in 3D point cloud with language model
Venue: MFI
Year: 2014

we proposed a recognition algorithm based on feature extraction and Bag of words with language model. Object recognition in 3D rang data of big scene has become an increasingly popular research topic in intelligent vehicle area. Firstly we introduce a fast ground filtering and clustering method and a convenient method to generation training samples. Then we proposed a feature extraction method based on 3D SIFT and FPFH to get descriptors with scale invariant and rotationinvariant in 3D range data. Furthermore, we proposed a recognition algorithm based on bag of words and language model by add spatial semantic information to bag of words model to make up the shortcoming of ignoring the relationships between the visual words. At last, experimental results on real laser data depicting rural scenes are presented. Keywords point cloud segmentation; feature extraction; object recognition; 3D sift
Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Wolong Lake
Year: 2021

In this paper, the heavy metal content in the surface sediment of 20 sampling points in Wolong Lake of Shenyang was analyzed. The accumulation degree and potential risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediment were evaluated by the geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the order of the six heavy metals accumulation index was Cd> Zn Ni Cr> Cu Pb. According to the relevant evaluation standards, the main heavy metal pollutant in the sediment was Cd, and the risk order of ecological hazards was Cd> Ni Cu Zn Pb> Cr. The evaluation of potential ecological risk index showed that the risk level of heavy metals in the sediment of Wolong Lake was low.
A review of status of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in China.
Venue: Chemosphere
Year: 2016

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) a currently intensively used brominated flame retardant (BFR) is employed primarily as a reactive flame retardant in printed circuit boards but also has additive applications in several types of polymers. TBBPA is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is observed in both abiotic and biotic matrices. This paper summarizes and critically reviews the published scientific data concerning the current pollution status of TBBPA in China. To provide an indication of the seriousness of the pollution levels of TBBPA in China, the data are compared with available existing data from other countries of the world. According to the available data, the sources of TBBPA in China are mainly derived from the primitive e waste dismantling, TBBPA manufacturing and processing of TBBPA based materials. The most serious cases of TBBPA pollution in China are in Guiyu, Guangdong (primitive e waste dismantling site) with concentrations of TBBPA reaching 66,010 95,040 pg m( 3) in air, Shouguang, Shandong (TBBPA manufacturing site) with concentrations of TBBPA reaching 1.64 7758 ng g( 1) dry weight in soil, and Chaohu Lake, Anhui (industry concentration site) with concentrations of TBBPA reaching 850 4870 ng L( 1) in water. In general, China is the most polluted region as affected by TBBPA compared with other countries. The present review preliminarily reveals the research status of TBBPA in China.
The value of CESM in the evaluation of intraductal breast papilloma: a comparative study with DCE MRI
Venue: Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Year: 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) as compared to dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) in the evaluation of intraductal breast papilloma with histopathological correlation. This study is a retrospective study done on 45 consecutive patients. Their ages ranged between 36 and 70 years with a mean age of 51.1 8.7. All of them were suspected to have intraductal papilloma on full field digital mammography (FFDM) 3D automated breast ultrasound (3D ABUS) and 2D handheld ultrasound (2DHHUS) CESM and DCE MRI were done for all patients. The data were collected, tabulated, statistically analyzed using an IBM personal computer with Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Results There were 37 histopathology proven papillomas either by US guided core needle biopsy, surgical biopsy following wire localization or fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) Lesions are divided into three subgroups according to size. When the size of lesion 10 mm MRI sensitivity and specificity is 100% and 66.7% that of CESM is 90.1% and 0% respectively. In lesions sized 5 10 mm Sensitivity and specificity of MRI is 100% and 58% respectively and those of CESM are 63.6% and 50% respectively. Lesions less than 5mm MRI sensitivity and specificity is 100% and 0% that of CESM was 0% and 100% respectively.  DCE MRI has a significantly higher sensitivity than CESM for the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma whatever the size of the lesion, especially when the size is less than 5 mm.
A comparative analysis of offline and online evaluations and discussion of research paper recommender system evaluation
Venue: RepSys '13
Year: 2013

Offline evaluations are the most common evaluation method for research paper recommender systems. However, no thorough discussion on the appropriateness of offline evaluations has taken place, despite some voiced criticism. We conducted a study in which we evaluated various recommendation approaches with both offline and online evaluations. We found that results of offline and online evaluations often contradict each other. We discuss this finding in detail and conclude that offline evaluations may be inappropriate for evaluating research paper recommender systems, in many settings.
A Wide Beam Base Station Antenna with Modular Radiator for Reconfigurability
Year: 2019

This paper presents a reconfigurable wide beam antenna with a modular main radiator for base station applications. The addition of new spectrum and the path to 5G create unique antenna requirements in terms of patterns and impedance matching capabilities. The antenna in this paper exhibits a wide azimuth beamwidth up to approximately 180* and implements a modular approach where the antenna can be reconfigured for impedance matching requirements. Two configurations of the wide beam antenna are presented; the first configuration covers the 1.7 2.7 GHz band for 3G/4G/LTE applications where multiple wireless carriers would use the same antenna as a neutral site. This antenna provides wide beam operation and a 10 dB return loss from approximately 1.64 2.76 GHz. The measured return loss over the 1.7 2.7 GHz band is better than 13 dB. A second configuration of the antenna is tuned for performance from 1.9 2.4 GHz where measured return loss better than 19 dB is achieved in this band. Simulated and measured return losses and patterns are presented that show very good agreement between simulation and measurement, and thorough parametric pattern analysis is presented for the baseline antenna configuration.
Second virial coefficient of a generalized Lennard Jones potential.
Venue: The Journal of chemical physics
Year: 2015

We present an exact analytical solution for the second virial coefficient of a generalized Lennard Jones type of pair potential model. The potential can be reduced to the Lennard Jones, hard sphere, and sticky hard sphere models by tuning the potential parameters corresponding to the width and depth of the well. Thus, the second virial solution can also regain the aforementioned cases. Moreover, the obtained expression strongly resembles the one corresponding to the Kihara potential. In fact, the Fk functions are the same. Furthermore, for these functions, the complete expansions at low and high temperature are given. Additionally, we propose an alternative stickiness parameter based on the obtained second virial coefficient.
New Strategic Management Business Models for New Technology Based Firms
Venue: 2012 Fourth International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security
Year: 2012

New technology based firms, particularly those that develop their business around a new technological platform, are likely to be impacted by globalization, in terms of both pace of innovation and pressure of competition. In practice strategic decisions concern each of these processes and address issues such as organizational boundaries, location of the operational activities, what activities to focus on and selection of value partners. The business model by which firms operate needs also to accommodate the spatial dimensions indicated by globalization; and the emergence of global technology markets. This paper presents a review of the business model literature from which a generic business model framework is derived, identifying and introducing the main elements of these processes as the firms' focus, modus and locus.
Power Law Distributions in Empirical Data
Venue: SIAM Rev.
Year: 2009

Power law distributions occur in many situations of scientific interest and have significant consequences for our understanding of natural and man made phenomena. Unfortunately, the detection and characterization of power laws is complicated by the large fluctuations that occur in the tail of the distribution the part of the distribution representing large but rare events and by the difficulty of identifying the range over which power law behavior holds. Commonly used methods for analyzing power law data, such as least squares fitting, can produce substantially inaccurate estimates of parameters for power law distributions, and even in cases where such methods return accurate answers they are still unsatisfactory because they give no indication of whether the data obey a power law at all. Here we present a principled statistical framework for discerning and quantifying power law behavior in empirical data. Our approach combines maximum likelihood fitting methods with goodness of fit tests based on the Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) statistic and likelihood ratios. We evaluate the effectiveness of the approach with tests on synthetic data and give critical comparisons to previous approaches. We also apply the proposed methods to twenty four real world data sets from a range of different disciplines, each of which has been conjectured to follow a power law distribution. In some cases we find these conjectures to be consistent with the data, while in others the power law is ruled out.
Detecting the impacts of notorious invaders: experiments versus observations in the invasion of eelgrass meadows by the green seaweed Codium fragile
Venue: Oecologia
Year: 2011

Biological invasions can vary in the extent of their effects on indigenous communities but predicting impacts for particular systems remains difficult. In coastal marine ecosystems, the green seaweed Codium fragile ssp. fragile is a notorious invader with its reputation based on studies conducted largely on rocky shores. The green seaweed has recently invaded soft bottom eelgrass communities by attaching epiphytically to eelgrass (Zostera marina) rhizomes, thereby creating the potential for disruption of these coastal habitats through competition or disturbance. We investigated the effect of this invader on various aspects of eelgrass performance (shoot density and length, shoot growth, above and below ground biomass, carbohydrate storage) using both small scale manipulative and large scale observational experiments. Manipulative experiments that varied Codium abundance demonstrated clear negative effects over a 4 month period on shoot density and carbohydrate reserves, but only for high, but realistic, Codium biomass levels. Light levels were much lower under canopies for high and medium density Codium treatments relative to low and control Codium cover treatments, suggesting that shading may influence eelgrass growing under the algal cover. In contrast, these effects were either not detectable or very weak when examined correlatively with field surveys conducted at larger spatial scales, even for sites that had been invaded for over 4 years. It is premature to extend generalizations of Codium's impact derived from studies in other systems to eelgrass communities; further efforts are required to assess the long term threats that the alga poses to this ecosystem. This study demonstrates the need to investigate impacts of invasions over multiple scales, especially those that incorporate the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the invader's abundance.
Youth cultures and the rest of life: subcultures, post subcultures and beyond
Year: 2016

Recent debate on the conceptualisation of youth cultures has been characterised as an irreconcilable stalemate between materialist defenders of a version of subcultural theory derived from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) and post subcultural theorists who favour more individualised understandings. This article suggests that, beneath this facade lies a more complex and reconcilable debate and that it may be time to move beyond the polarising presence of the CCCS as primary reference point for the discussion. Turning to substance, I go on to examine how enduring areas of disagreement within the debate can be resolved, establishing ways forward with respect to the interplay between spectacular groupings and individual pathways and the contextualisation of youth cultures, including with respect to material and structural factors. I advocate greater emphasis on the study of collective youth cultures as part of broader biographies as a way forward that can draw together these substantive strands and bring together insight from across the subcultures/post subcultures debate.
How to fool an unbounded adversary with a short key
Venue: IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory
Year: 2006

The symmetric encryption problem which manifests itself when two parties must securely transmit a message m with a short shared secret key is considered in conjunction with a computationally unbounded adversary. As the adversary is unbounded, any encryption scheme must leak information about m; in particular, the mutual information between m and its ciphertext cannot be zero. Despite this, a family of encryption schemes is presented that guarantee that for any message space in {0,1}n with minimum entropy n lscr and for any Boolean function h:{0,1}n rarr {0,1} no adversary can predict h(m) from the ciphertext of m with more than 1/nomega(1) advantage; this is achieved with keys of length lscr+omega(logn) In general, keys of length lscr+s yield a bound of 2 Theta(s) on the advantage. These encryption schemes rely on no unproven assumptions and can be implemented efficiently. Applications of this to cryptosystems based on complexity theoretic assumptions are discussed and, in addition, a simplified proof of a fundamental "elision lemma" of Goldwasser and Micali is provided