nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Face Perception.
Venue: Annual review of vision science
Year: 2017

Face perception is critical for normal social functioning and is mediated by a network of regions in the ventral visual stream. In this review, we describe recent neuroimaging findings regarding the macro and microscopic anatomical features of the ventral face network, the characteristics of white matter connections, and basic computations performed by population receptive fields within face selective regions composing this network. We emphasize the importance of the neural tissue properties and white matter connections of each region, as these anatomical properties may be tightly linked to the functional characteristics of the ventral face network. We end by considering how empirical investigations of the neural architecture of the face network may inform the development of computational models and shed light on how computations in the face network enable efficient face perception.
Re Creating Eve: Sedgwick's Art and the Practice of Renewal
Year: 2010

Eve Sedgwick's forthcoming essay, "The Weather in Proust," begins with the Hubert Robert fountain as a model of Neoplatonic rebirth: millions of lives like water droplets, yearning towards the sky and either being pro pelled by other energetic streams further up or, at their fated height, from exhaustion falling back to be recycled and remade. The fountain provides Sedgwick with a beautiful model for the roman fleuve itself: in the foun tain we can perceive the career of one (call it) "soul" passing through many characters; one character being remade anew, over and over; the carefully bound economy of novelistic elements recycling its components in new forms. The fountain launches her into an inquiry on the relationship of closed systems to open ones. The closed system (of gravity, water propul sion, etc. occasionally erupts in surprise (as when Madame D'Arpajon gets doused with a runaway jet of water) Just so,y4 la recherche often func tions as a closed system (of zero sum love competitions, deadening habits that turn a beloved icon into a farce, etc. except when Proust is seized by the element of surprise. That is to say, when it cracks wide open to express something astonishing and new. Unlike the fountain, this is when Proust's novel is most itself. Sedgwick seeks to articulate what exactly, in Proust, enables the rebirth of self and world out of a dead state of mind, soul, and surround. Sedgwick looks to discover the recipe for this "mysticism," as she dubs it. I've been hunting around for Eve's recipe for refreshment, wondering how it might be different from Proust's, and what it has to teach us.
Must Milton Friedman Embrace Stakeholder Theory?
Year: 2014

Milton Friedman famously stated that the only social responsibility of business is to increase its profits, a position now known as the shareholder model of business. Subsequently, the stakeholder model, associated with Edward Freeman, has been widely seen as a heuristically stronger theory of the responsibilities of the firm to the society in which it is situated. Friedman's position, nevertheless, has retained currency among many business thinkers. In this article, we argue that Friedman's economic writings assume an economy in which businesses operate under the protections of limited liability, which allows corporations to privatize their gains while externalizing their losses. By accepting limited liability, Friedman must also accept a view of business as embedded in social interdependency, which serves as the logical and moral foundation for corporate social responsibility (CSR) To achieve consistency with his economic principles, Friedman must either abandon limited liability or modify his doctrine on CSR and his related shareholder model of business.
Ecological effects of antibiotics on natural ecosystems: A review
Year: 2018

Among the different pharmaceuticals present in soil and water ecosystems as micro contaminants, considerable attention has been paid to antibiotics, since their increasing use and the consequent development of multi resistant bacteria pose serious risks to human and veterinary health. Moreover, once they have entered the environment, antibiotics can affect natural microbial communities. The latter play a key role in fundamental ecological processes, most importantly the maintenance of soil and water quality. In fact, they are involved in biogeochemical cycling and organic contaminant degradation thanks to their large reservoir of genetic diversity and metabolic capability. When antibiotics occur in the environment, they can hamper microbial community structure and functioning in different ways and have both direct (short term) and indirect (long term) effects on microbial communities. The short term ones are bactericide and bacteriostatic actions with a consequent disappearance of some microbial populations and their ecological functioning. The indirect impact includes the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and in some cases bacterial strains able to degrade them by metabolic or co metabolic processes. Biodegradation makes it possible to completely remove a toxic compound from the environment if it is mineralized. Several factors can influence the significance of such direct and indirect effects, including the antibiotic's concentration, the exposure time, the receiving ecosystem (e.g. soil or water) and the co occurrence of other antibiotics and/or other contaminants. This review describes the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of antibiotics on natural microbial communities in soil and water ecosystems.
Automatic Fluency Evaluation of Spontaneous Speech Using Disfluency Based Features
Venue: ICASSP 2020 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Year: 2020

This paper describes an automatic fluency evaluation of spontaneous speech. Although we regularly observe a variety of different disfluencies in spontaneous speech, we focus on two types of phenomena, i.e. filled pauses and word fragments. This paper aims to reveal that these two types of disfluencies have effects on speech fluency evaluation differently. To this end, we conduct a series of SVM classification experiments on the Japanese spontaneous speech corpus. The experimental results show that the features derived from word fragments are effective in evaluating disfluent speech especially when combined with prosodic features such as speech rate and pauses/silence, while the features from filled pauses are not effective in evaluating fluency.
A SIMULATED POINT CLOUD IMPLEMENTATION OF A MACHINE LEARNING SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM
Year: 2020

As buildings have almost come to a saturation point in most developed countries, the management and maintenance of existing buildings have become the major problem of the field. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the underlying technology to solve this problem. It is a 3D semantic representation of building construction and facilities that contributes to not only the design phase but also the construction and maintenance phases, such as life cycle management and building energy performance measurement. This study aims at the processes of creating as built BIM models, which are constructed after the design phase. Point cloud, a set of points in 3D space, is an intermediate product of as built BIM models that is often acquired by 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry. A raw point cloud typically requires further procedures, e.g. registration, segmentation, classification, etc. In terms of segmentation and classification, machine learning methodologies are trending due to the enhanced speed of computation. However, supervised machine learning methodologies require labelling the training point clouds in advance, which is time consuming and often leads to inevitable errors. And due to the complexity and uncertainty of real world environments, the attributes of one point vary from the attributes of others. These situations make it difficult to analyze how one single attribute contributes to the result of segmentation and classification. This study developed a method of producing point clouds from a fast generating 3D virtual indoor environment using procedural modeling. This research focused on two attributes of simulated point clouds, point density and the level of random errors. According to Silverman (1986) point density is associated with the point features around each output raster cell. The number of points within a neighborhood divided the area of the neighborhood is the point density. However, in this study, there was a little different. The point density was defined as the number of points on a surface divided by the surface area. And the unit is points per square meters (pts/m2) This research compared the performances of a machine learning segmentation and classification algorithm on ten different point cloud datasets. The mean loss and accuracy of segmentation and classification were analyzed and evaluated to show how the point density and level of random errors affect the performance of the segmentation and classification models. Moreover, the real world point cloud data were used as additional data to evaluate the applicability of produced models.
Health and ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and artificial sweeteners) in surface and groundwater (drinking water) in the Ganges River Basin, India.
Venue: The Science of the total environment
Year: 2019

Pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASWs) are contaminants of emerging concern commonly found in the aquatic environments. In India, studies reporting environmental occurrence of these contaminants are scarce. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of 15 PPCPs and five ASWs in the river and groundwater (used untreated as drinking water) at several sites along the Ganges River. Based on the measured groundwater concentrations, we estimated the life long human health risk from exposure to PPCPs through drinking. In addition, we estimated the risk of exposure to PPCPs and ASWs in the river water for aquatic organisms. The sum of detected PPCPs in the river water ranged between 54.7 826 ng/L, with higher concentrations in the severely anthropogenically influenced middle and lower reaches of the Ganges. The highest concentration among the PPCPs in the river water was of caffeine (743 ng/L) The sum of detected ASWs in river water ranged between 0.2 102 ng/L. Similar to PPCPs, the sum of ASWs in the river water was higher in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganges. In groundwater, the sum of detected PPCPs ranged between 34 293 ng/L, whereas of ASWs ranged between 0.5 25 ng/L. Negligible risk for humans was estimated from PPCPs in the drinking groundwater sources along the Ganges River, whereas moderate risks to PPCPs and ASWs (namely: caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, triclocarban, triclosan, and sucralose) were estimated for aquatic organisms in the Ganges River.
City with or without God? Features of post secularism in religious landscape of post communist Prague
Year: 2018

The religious climate caused significant changes over the last few decades which led to intense debates about post secularism in Western Europe. However, there is particularly a distinct lack of analyses of the features of post secularism in post communist cities. The paper draws on the case study of Prague where the religious landscape is in many ways unique in a European context because of its highly secularized society. Nevertheless, Prague also experienced a revival of religious life, which has found expression in the religious landscape (not only) through the emergence of new sacral structures, pluralization of religion and post secular rapprochement in religious institutions. The paper examines the convergent and contradictory processes shaping the religious and non religious landscape in Prague and therefore opens the discussion about post secularism in post communist context. The results point to the importance of historical, social, and urban development for the new geographies of religion. New areas of research should also draw attention on the new religious movements and alternative spirituality which helps to explain the relationship between sacred and secular phenomena in current European society and space and the re definition of the minority role of religion in the secular society.
Application of Cloud Video Information Processing Technology in Alleviating the Food Safety Trust Crisis
Venue: Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell.
Year: 2020

In view of the current consumer trust crisis in food safety, some researchers proposed to build a reliable food safety traceability system solution. Because the food safety traceability system requires storing and processing of massive video data, this paper proposes to build a reliable food safety traceability system by introducing cloud storage technology into video surveillance system. Hadoop platform is built to store and process massive monitoring of video data. In addition, in order to make use of Map Reduce framework for parallel computing, this paper optimizes the traditional particle filter target tracking algorithm, and proposes using the parallel computing framework Map Reduce in Hadoop to achieve the parallel computing of all particles in particle filter. Finally, the simulation results show that when the number of videos is large, the time of parallel processing is obviously shorter than that of single machine mode. And as the video data becomes larger and larger, the advantages of parallel processing become more and more obvious.
12,13 diHOME: An Exercise Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake.
Venue: Cell metabolism
Year: 2018

Circulating factors released from tissues during exercise have been hypothesized to mediate some of the health benefits of regular physical activity. Lipokines are circulating lipid species that have recently been reported to affect metabolism in response to cold. Here, lipidomics analysis revealed that a bout of moderate intensity exercise causes a pronounced increase in the circulating lipid 12,13 dihydroxy 9Z octadecenoic acid (12,13 diHOME) in male, female, young, old, sedentary, and active human subjects. In mice, both a single bout of exercise and exercise training increased circulating 12,13 diHOME and surgical removal of brown adipose tissue (BAT) negated the increase in 12,13 diHOME, suggesting that BAT is the tissue source for exercise stimulated 12,13 diHOME. Acute 12,13 diHOME treatment of mice in vivo increased skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation, but not glucose uptake. These data reveal that lipokines are novel exercise stimulated circulating factors that may contribute to the metabolic changes that occur with physical exercise.
Individual Differences in Verbal Working Memory Underlie a Tradeoff Between Semantic and Structural Processing Difficulty During Language Comprehension: An ERP Investigation
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
Year: 2018

This study investigated the processes reflected in the widely observed N400 and P600 event related potential (ERP) effects and tested the hypothesis that the N400 and P600 effects are functionally linked in a tradeoff relationship, constrained in part by individual differences in cognitive ability. Sixty participants read sentences, and ERP effects of semantic anomaly, relative to plausible words, were calculated for each participant. Results suggested qualitatively different ERP patterns across participants: Some individuals generated N400 dominated effects, whereas others generated P600 dominated effects, for the same stimuli. To specify the sources of individual differences in brain responses, we also derived aggregate scores for verbal working memory (WM) nonverbal WM, and language experience/knowledge, based on 6 behavioral measures administered to each participant. Multiple regression analysis pitting these 3 constructs against each other showed that a larger verbal WM capacity was significantly associated with larger P600 and smaller N400 effect amplitudes across individuals, whereas the other constructs did not predict the ERP effects. The results suggest that N400 and P600 brain responses, which may be attributable to semantic integration difficulty and structural processing, respectively, vie for expression when comprehenders encounter semantically unexpected words and that which option wins out is constrained in part by each comprehender's verbal WM capacity.
Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of composite based on polylactic acid and microfibrillated cellulose through chemical modification
Year: 2017

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most representative sustainable and bio based polymer environmentally friendly that has a great potential to replace petroleum based plastics. However, brittleness, low heat resistance, and slow crystallization limit the wide application of PLA. One of strategies to improve PLA properties is by reinforcing with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) Unfortunately, the hydrophilic properties of MFC make it difficult to attain good dispersion in a hydrophobic PLA matrix. Therefore, modification of MFC was needed to increase its compatibility with PLA in the composite formation. In this experiment, MFC was modified with partial acetylation (degree of substitution: 1) and further grafted with lactide monomers through ring opening polymerization using Sn(Oct)2 catalyst. The result of acetylation and grafting were verified by infrared spectra. Composites were prepared by mixing PLA (molecular weight of 200,000) and the modified MFC at 9:1 ratio through organic solvent method. Followed by 8 min kneading and hot pressing at 180degC, the resulted composites were evaluated for their mechanical and thermal properties. Thermal characterization carried out using differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that the presence of modified MFC increased the temperature of glass transition and accelerated the crystallization of PLA. Mechanical properties measurement showed that the presence of modified MFC enhanced the elongation at break (1.1 to 1.8% tensile strength (14.9 to 25.7 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (1.7 to 2.1 GPa) These results demonstrated that the modified MFC could extend the application of PLA in industry.
Public key cryptography based on simple semirings
Year: 2008

v Zusammenfassung vii Acknowledgements ix 1 Cryptography 1 1.1 Cryptosystems 2 1.1.1 Encryption schemes 2 1.1.2 Digital signatures 3 1.2 Perfect security: Shannon's theory of secrecy 5 1.2.1 Perfect security 5 1.2.2 Indistinguishability 6 1.3 Computational security 6 1.3.1 Principles of complexity theory 7 1.3.2 Efficient algorithms and cryptosystems 8 1.3.3 Public key cryptography 9 1.3.4 Notions of security 11 1.4 One way functions and trapdoor functions 14 1.5 Discrete logarithm based cyptosystems 17 1.5.1 Function problems 18 1.5.2 The discrete logarithm problem 19 1.5.3 The Diffie Hellman key agreement protocol 21 1.5.4 ElGamal encryption 23 1.5.5 Schnorr identification and signature 24 2 Cryptosystems based on semigroup actions 29 2.1 Semigroup actions 29 2.2 Semigroup action problems 32 2.2.1 Noncommutative semigroup actions 34 2.2.2 Problems in related semigroup actions 36 2.2.3 Two sided group actions 38 2.3 Cryptosystems 40 2.3.1 Semigroup action Diffie Hellman key agreement 42 2.3.2 Semigroup action ElGamal encryption 43 2.3.3 Identification protocols and digital signatures 45
High Performance UV Vis Photodetectors Based on a Lead Free Hybrid Perovskite Crystal (MV)[SbI3Cl2]
Venue: Inorganic chemistry
Year: 2020

Low dimensional lead free organic inorganic hybrid perovskites have gained increasing attention as having low toxicity, ease of processing, and good optoelectronic properties. Seeking for lead free and narrow band gap organic inorganic hybrid perovskites are of great importance for the development and application of photoelectric materials. Here, we reported a Sb based organic inorganic hybrid perovskite (MV)[SbI3Cl2] which has one dimensional inorganic frameworks of the I sharing double octahedra. (MV)[SbI3Cl2] shows a narrow direct band gap of 1.5 eV, and displays obvious photoresponse for the 532 nm light with rapid response speed of trise 0.69 s, tdecay 0.28 s. With an illumination power of 5 mW and a 50 V bias, the responsivities (R) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) for (MV)[SbI3Cl2] photodetector under 532 nm laser are 29.75 mA/W and 6.69% respectively. This Sb based halide double perovskite material will provide an alternative material for photodetector devices.
Low temperature solution combustion processed Zn Doped Nb2O5 as an electron transport layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Year: 2020

Niobium oxide (Nb2O5) has been demonstrated as an ideal electron transport layer (ETL) material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its excellent optical transmittance and high carrier mobility. Herein, a low temperature (200 degC) solution combustion method is adopted to prepare the Nb2O5 film used as an ETL in PSCs. Under optimized conditions, PSC with the Nb2O5 ETL obtains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% Moreover, we find that Zn doping of Nb2O5 can further improve the efficiency of the device. As a matter of fact, the results show that a champion PCE of 17.70% can be achieved for the PSC with a 5 mol% Zn doped Nb2O5 ETL. Significantly, both Nb2O5 and Zn doped Nb2O5 based devices exhibit obviously better stability than the traditional high temperature sintered ~500 degC) mesoporous TiO2 based devices, maintaining 80% of their initial PCE after storage in air for 20 days. In contrast, the PCE of the device with a TiO2 ETL quickly drops to 30% of its initial value after 13 days under the same storage condition. Consequently, this work suggests that using Zn doped Nb2O5 ETL prepared by the low temperature solution combustion method is promising towards efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Transportation mode detection using machine learning techniques on mobile phone sensor data
Venue: PETRA
Year: 2020

The everyday use of means of transportation by millions of people combined with the continuous spreading of smartphones which are now equipped with various sensors, imply the existence of abundance of real world transportation related data and make Transportation Mode Detection (TMD) an interesting research field, essential to urban transportation planning, development of context aware applications and physical and mental health improvement. The main objective of this work is to develop a machine learning methodology for classifying eight different transportation modes, including: still, walk, run, bike, car, bus, train, and subway, using data from smartphones sensors. To this end, publicly available datasets were used. For example, a subset of the original SHL dataset, including data obtained from one participant's smartphone embedded sensors (accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope, pressure sensor) being recorded for 68 days. As classifiers, eight Machine Learning algorithms were employed. The classifiers were firstly developed without Dimensionality Reduction (DR) and then with a DR feature extraction algorithm (Principal Component Analysis PCA) so as to explore the possibility of using lighter models and potentially improve performance. After dimensionality reduction, the algorithms that performed best, accomplished a very good classification result in all classes while training time was significantly reduced.
Marxismo y filosofia de la vida: las reflexiones tempranas de Siegfried Kracauer sobre la Revolucion Rusa y los comienzos de la Union Sovietica
Year: 2018

El articulo analiza las reflexiones tempranas de Kracauer sobre la Revolucion Rusa de octubre de 1917, sobre la figura y la significacion de Lenin y sobre los primeros anos de la Union Sovietica. Destaca las "afinidades electivas" que el ensayista aleman encuentra entre sus propios puntos de vista y el "metodo" de Lenin y Trotski pone estas reflexiones en relacion con la obra posterior de Kracauer.