nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural disturbance by bark beetle offsets climate change effects on streamflow in headwater catchments of the Bohemian Forest
Year: 2018

In central Europe, large strictly protected areas, such as the Bavarian Forest and Sumava National Park (NP) in the Bohemian Forest, and their management have come under public pressure after adopting a "benign neglect" approach concerning natural disturbances. Here the extensive dieback of Norway spruce by bark beetle (Ips typographus L. raised concern about its regional eco hydrological effects (i.e. runoff yields) and how they interact with the effects of prevailing climate change. To address these questions, we first analysed the hydrological response of nine conterminous mostly forested catchments in the Bohemian Forest to changes in climatic factors. The catchments (39.1 333.9 km2, mean elevation 800 1134 m a.s.l. cover the Bavarian Forest NP and most parts of the Sumava NP along and across the Czech German border. From 1978 to 2013, independent of land use changes and physiographic features, regional summer runoff decreased by 70 mm 21% of long term median) despite increased summer precipitation (51 mm, 8% while winter runoff did not change (8 mm) although precipitation declined 54 mm, 9% This feature results from a timing effect in streamflow due to earlier snowmelt, which is driven by the regional warming in winter, especially in April, by about 3.3 K, irrespective of altitude. However, the overall decline in annual runoff yields 59 mm, 7% despite constant precipitation, is related to higher water vapour losses due to the increased air temperature in summer (1.5+ 0.3 K) while the long term means varied between 8.9 and 13.4degC depending on altitude. A dataset consisting of three sub catchments inside the national parks (0.7 89.7 km2) was analysed for disturbance effects (58 62% of catchment area) on precipitation runoff behaviour. The larger ones, Upper Vydra and Upper Grosse Ohe, strictly followed the overall trends in runoff and high flows in winter but did not show annual trends. An analysis of runoff precipitation ratio revealed a significant step change in the Bavarian Forest NP sub catchments once cumulative disturbance exceeded 30% area (1998/1999) After this step change, catchment evapotranspiration significantly decreased by 62 120 mm and runoff increased to the same extent. The sub catchment in the Sumava NP did not respond probably due to timing and/or scale effects. Overall, the observed declining trends in runoff yields were not caused by precipitation changes but were due to warming only. However, in small embedded catchments of the national parks, reduced evapotranspiration losses after bark beetle outbreaks and windthrow currently but temporarily compensate for climate change effects. Shifting streamflow from early summer to late winter is the common hydrological response of all catchments to warming, which in the longer term may negatively affect the water supply to vegetation and people in autumn.
Energy Efficiency of RSMA and NOMA in Cellular Connected mmWave UAV Networks
Venue: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)
Year: 2019

Cellular connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are recently getting significant attention due to various practical use cases, e.g. surveillance, data gathering, purchase delivery, among other applications. Since UAVs are low power nodes, energy and spectral efficient communication is of paramount importance. To that end, multiple access (MA) schemes can play an important role in achieving high energy efficiency and spectral efficiency. In this work, we introduce rate splitting MA (RSMA) and non orthogonal MA (NOMA) schemes in a cellular connected UAV network. In particular, we investigate the energy efficiency of the RSMA and NOMA schemes in a millimeter wave (mmWave) downlink transmission scenario. Furthermore, we optimize precoding vectors of both the schemes by explicitly taking into account the 3GPP antenna propagation patterns. The numerical results for this realistic transmission scheme indicate that RSMA is superior to NOMA in terms of overall energy efficiency.
Roadmap for Emerging Materials for Spintronic Device Applications
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Year: 2015

The Technical Committee of the IEEE Magnetics Society has selected seven research topics to develop their roadmaps, where major developments should be listed alongside expected timelines: 1) hard disk drives; 2) magnetic random access memories; 3) domain wall devices; 4) permanent magnets; 5) sensors and actuators; 6) magnetic materials; and 7) organic devices. Among them, magnetic materials for spintronic devices have been surveyed as the first exercise. In this roadmap exercise, we have targeted magnetic tunnel and spin valve junctions as spintronic devices. These can be used, for example, as a cell for a magnetic random access memory and a spin torque oscillator in their vertical form as well as a spin transistor and a spin Hall device in their lateral form. In these devices, the critical role of magnetic materials is to inject spin polarized electrons efficiently into a nonmagnet. We have accordingly identified two key properties to be achieved by developing new magnetic materials for future spintronic devices: 1) half metallicity at room temperature (RT) and 2) perpendicular anisotropy in nanoscale devices at RT. For the first property, five major magnetic materials are selected for their evaluation for future magnetic/spintronic device applications: 1) Heusler alloys; 2) ferrites; 3) rutiles; 4) perovskites; and 5) dilute magnetic semiconductors. These alloys have been reported or predicted to be half metallic ferromagnets at RT. They possess a bandgap at the Fermi level EF only for its minority spins, achieving 100% spin polarization at EF. We have also evaluated L10 alloys and D022 Mn alloys for the development of a perpendicularly anisotropic ferromagnet with large spin polarization. We have listed several key milestones for each material on their functionality improvements, property achievements, device implementations, and interdisciplinary applications within 35 years time scale. The individual analyses and the projections are discussed in the following sections.
The Sociology Of Emotions
Year: 2016

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Using ICT in the Management of Public Open Space as a Commons
Venue: CyberParks
Year: 2019

The chapter defines public open space as a commons and explores innovative ways for its management and sustainable development through the use of new information and communication technologies. It argues that hybrid conglomerates of space and technological interfaces provide this possibility. Section 2 defines common pool resources and discusses issues of its management, before it moves to identify public open space as a commons and to outline key directives for governance. Section 3 outlines the new ICT and considers practices and technologies that can be used in order to enhance community identity, social interaction and user engagement in the governance of the public open space as a commons. Finally, the last section concludes this chapter with some remarks on the conditions under which the hybrid of a public open space with ICT features could be approached as yet another kind of 'soft' type of common pool resource.
Effect of fat content on physical, microbial, lipid and protein changes during chill storage of foal liver pate.
Venue: Food chemistry
Year: 2014

The effect of fat content (30% 35% and 40% on physical, microbial, lipid and protein changes, during chill storage, of foal liver pate was studied. Microbial counts showed differences (P<0.05) during storage time and among fat levels. Lightness and redness values gradually decreased over time, while yellowness increased during the whole period and displayed the highest values at the end of storage. The significant increase of protein carbonyls, during chill storage, of foal liver pate reflects the intense oxidative degradation of the muscle proteins. The fat level presented significant differences in lipid oxidation, since foal pates with higher fat content (HF) showed significant higher TBARs values, compared to pates with lower fat content (LF) (0.54 vs. 0.46 mg MDA/kg pates; P<0.001) Finally, NHI (non heme iron) increased during refrigerated storage of foal liver pate, with the contents in the HF group being higher at all stages of storage (P<0.05)
Real time detection of broccoli crops in 3D point clouds for autonomous robotic harvesting
Venue: 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Year: 2020

Real time 3D perception of the environment is crucial for the adoption and deployment of reliable autonomous harvesting robots in agriculture. Using data collected with RGB D cameras under farm field conditions, we present two methods for processing 3D data that reliably detect mature broccoli heads. The proposed systems are efficient and enable real time detection on depth data of broccoli crops using the organised structure of the point clouds delivered by a depth sensor. The systems are tested with datasets of two broccoli varieties collected in planted fields from two different countries. Our evaluation shows the new methods outperform state of the art approaches for broccoli detection based on both 2D vision based segmentation techniques and depth clustering using the Euclidean proximity of neighbouring points. The results show the systems are capable of accurately detecting the 3D locations of broccoli heads relative to the vehicle at high frame rates.
Availability and Utilization of Information Retrieval Tools by Students in Polytechnic Libraries in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Year: 2020

The study investigated the availability of information retrieval tools and its utilization by students in polytechnic libraries in Bauchistate, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised 368 registered library users from 2 selected polytechnics in Bauchi state during 2018/2019 academic session. Cross sectional research design was employed using a structured questionnaire to collect data. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The hypotheses was tested using independent sample t test at 0.05 level of significance. The statistical test observed is 0.336 greater than 0.05 (P>0.05) which reveal that there is no significant difference on the type of information retrieval tools available for information access in Federal Polytechnic Bauchi and AbubakarTatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi. The study equally reveal thatutilization of information retrieval tools is relatively low in the institutions studied. It was recommended that electronic search tools should be provided to ease access to electronic resources and motivate students to use information retrieval tools independently.
The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope Mission
Year: 2009

(Abridged) The Large Area Telescope (Fermi/LAT, hereafter LAT) the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field of view, high energy gamma ray telescope, covering the energy range from below 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV. This paper describes the LAT, its pre flight expected performance, and summarizes the key science objectives that will be addressed. On orbit performance will be presented in detail in a subsequent paper. The LAT is a pair conversion telescope with a precision tracker and calorimeter, each consisting of a 4x4 array of 16 modules, a segmented anticoincidence detector that covers the tracker array, and a programmable trigger and data acquisition system. Each tracker module has a vertical stack of 18 x,y tracking planes, including two layers (x and y) of single sided silicon strip detectors and high Z converter material (tungsten) per tray. Every calorimeter module has 96 CsI(Tl) crystals, arranged in an 8 layer hodoscopic configuration with a total depth of 8.6 radiation lengths. The aspect ratio of the tracker (height/width) is 0.4 allowing a large field of view (2.4 sr) Data obtained with the LAT are intended to (i) permit rapid notification of high energy gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and transients and facilitate monitoring of variable sources, (ii) yield an extensive catalog of several thousand high energy sources obtained from an all sky survey, (iii) measure spectra from 20 MeV to more than 50 GeV for several hundred sources, (iv) localize point sources to 0.3 2 arc minutes, (v) map and obtain spectra of extended sources such as SNRs, molecular clouds, and nearby galaxies, (vi) measure the diffuse isotropic gamma ray background up to TeV energies, and (vii) explore the discovery space for dark matter.
DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA: INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT
Year: 2012

V stat'e proanalizirovany nedostatki, vyiavlennye v khode realizatsii gosudarstvennoi demograficheskoi politiki v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Obosnovany mery po uluchsheniiu demograficheskoi situatsii v strane, osnovnymi iz kotorykh iavliaiutsia: sozdanie edinogo organa, otvetstvennogo za realizatsiiu demograficheskoi politiki; vyrabotka chetkikh i ob'ektivnykh pokazatelei otsenki effektivnosti realizatsii demograficheskoi politiki; stimulirovanie gosudarstvennymi organami transformatsii sotsiokul'turnoi sredy v napravlenii vozrozhdeniia traditsionnykh semeinykh tsennostei. Kliuchevye slova: gosudarstvennaia demograficheskaia politika, demograficheskie pokazateli, uroven' rozhdaemosti, uroven' smertnosti, migratsionnaia politika.
An investigation on residual strength and failure probability prediction for plain weave composite under random fatigue loading
Venue: International Journal of Fatigue
Year: 2019

The residual strength and the failure probability of the plain weave carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite subjected to random fatigue loading are investigated. According to the constant amplitude residual model and the experimental S N curves, a new model is proposed, in which both the probability density function of stress peaks and the power spectrum density of stochastic processes are employed. The degradation of residual strength (dSr) in a time increment (dt) is calculated via an integration of the decrease of residual strength due to the stress peaks (dSrp) in the definitional domain of the peak probability density function. A linear damage accumulation of residual strength is used in this time increment. The evolutions of the residual strength with time are determined via a double integral method. The new model's prediction results are in good agreement with the experiment results and it can give the curves of the variation of fatigue life with failure probability.
Assembling Living Building Blocks to Engineer Complex Tissues
Year: 2020

The great demand for tissue and organ grafts, compounded by an aging demographic and a shortage of available donors, has driven the development of bioengineering approaches that can generate biomimetic tissues in vitro. Despite the considerable progress in conventional scaffold based tissue engineering, the recreation of physiological complexity has remained a challenge. Bottom up tissue engineering strategies have opened up a new avenue for the modular assembly of living building blocks into customized tissue architectures. This Progress Report overviews the recent progress and trends in the fabrication and assembly of living building blocks, with a key highlight on emerging bioprinting technologies that can be used for modular assembly and complexity in tissue engineering. By summarizing the work to date, providing new classifications of different living building blocks, highlighting state of the art research and trends, and offering personal perspectives on future opportunities, this Progress Report aims to aid and inspire other researchers working in the field of modular tissue engineering.
Public open space characteristics influencing adolescents' use and physical activity: A systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative studies
Venue: Health place
Year: 2018

The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the specific characteristics of public open spaces (POS) associated with adolescents' POS visitation and physical activity (PA) Qualitative research suggests many characteristics to be associated with POS visitation and PA. Quantitative evidence confirmed a positive association between presence of trails, playgrounds and specific types of sports fields (e.g. basketball) with POS visitation and PA, whereas safety and aesthetics seemed subordinate. Suggestions for future research, as well as some methodological recommendations are provided. HighlightsPOS can be an important place to accumulate PA among adolescents.Adolescents perceive that many public open spaces are designed for younger children.Presence of playgrounds and trails within POS may stimulate POS visitation and PA.Experimental and other well designed research studies are warranted.
FTRANS: energy efficient acceleration of transformers using FPGA
Venue: ISLPED
Year: 2020

In natural language processing (NLP) the "Transformer" architecture was proposed as the first transduction model replying entirely on self attention mechanisms without using sequence aligned recurrent neural networks (RNNs) or convolution, and it achieved significant improvements for sequence to sequence tasks. The introduced intensive computation and storage of these pre trained language representations has impeded their popularity into computation and memory constrained devices. The field programmable gate array (FPGA) is widely used to accelerate deep learning algorithms for its high parallelism and low latency. However, the trained models are still too large to accommodate to an FPGA fabric. In this paper, we propose an efficient acceleration framework, Ftrans, for transformer based large scale language representations. Our framework includes enhanced block circulant matrix (BCM) based weight representation to enable model compression on large scale language representations at the algorithm level with few accuracy degradation, and an acceleration design at the architecture level. Experimental results show that our proposed framework significantly reduce the model size of NLP models by up to 16 times. Our FPGA design achieves 27.07x and 81 x improvement in performance and energy efficiency compared to CPU, and up to 8.80x improvement in energy efficiency compared to GPU.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Major Surgical Site Infections in Aesthetic Surgery: Analysis of 129,007 Patients
Venue: Aesthetic surgery journal
Year: 2017

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent one of the most common postoperative complications in patients undergoing aesthetic surgery.  This study reports the incidence and risk factors of major SSIs following aesthetic surgery.  A prospective cohort of patients who underwent aesthetic surgery between 2008 and 2013 was identified from the CosmetAssure database. Primary outcome was occurrence of a major SSI requiring emergency room visit, hospital admission, or reoperation within 30 days of the index operation. Univariate and multivariate analysis evaluated potential risk factors for SSIs including age, gender, body mass index (BMI) smoking, diabetes, type of surgical facility, procedure by body region, and combined procedures.  A total of 129,007 patients were identified, of which 599 (0.46% had a major SSI. Mean age (43.8 12.4 years vs 40.9 13.9 years, P .01) and BMI (27.3 5.5 kg/m2 vs 24.3 4.6 kg/m2, P .01) were higher in patients with SSIs. Patients with a SSI were more likely to be smokers (10.5% vs 8.2% P .04) and diabetic (4.5% vs 1.8% P .01) Females suffered more SSI than males (0.5% vs 0.3% P .02) Trunk/extremity procedures had a higher incidence of SSI compared to breast or face procedures (0.9% vs 0.2% P .01) On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of SSI included age (Relative Risk [RR] 1.01) female gender (RR 1.86) BMI (RR 1.07) smoking (RR 1.61) diabetes (RR 1.58) hospital or ambulatory surgery center procedures (RR 1.39) trunk/extremity procedures (RR 2.42) and combined procedures (RR 1.88) Conclusions SSIs following cosmetic surgical procedures are associated with numerous independent predictors, which should be taken into consideration when counseling patients undergoing aesthetic surgery.
Learning Visual N Grams from Web Data
Venue: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
Year: 2017

Real world image recognition systems need to recognize tens of thousands of classes that constitute a plethora of visual concepts. The traditional approach of annotating thousands of images per class for training is infeasible in such a scenario, prompting the use of webly supervised data. This paper explores the training of image recognition systems on large numbers of images and associated user comments, without using manually labeled images. In particular, we develop visual n gram models that can predict arbitrary phrases that are relevant to the content of an image. Our visual n gram models are feed forward convolutional networks trained using new loss functions that are inspired by n gram models commonly used in language modeling. We demonstrate the merits of our models in phrase prediction, phrase based image retrieval, relating images and captions, and zero shot transfer.