nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The unreasonable effectiveness of small neural ensembles in high dimensional brain
Venue: Physics of life reviews
Year: 2018

Complexity is an indisputable, well known, and broadly accepted feature of the brain. Despite the apparently obvious and widely spread consensus on the brain complexity, sprouts of the single neuron revolution emerged in neuroscience in the 1970s. They brought many unexpected discoveries, including grandmother or concept cells and sparse coding of information in the brain. In machine learning for a long time, the famous curse of dimensionality seemed to be an unsolvable problem. Nevertheless, the idea of the blessing of dimensionality becomes gradually more and more popular. Ensembles of non interacting or weakly interacting simple units prove to be an effective tool for solving essentially multidimensional and apparently incomprehensible problems. This approach is especially useful for one shot (non iterative) correction of errors in large legacy artificial intelligence systems and when the complete re training is impossible or too expensive. These simplicity revolutions in the era of complexity have deep fundamental reasons grounded in geometry of multidimensional data spaces. To explore and understand these reasons we revisit the background ideas of statistical physics. In the course of the 20th century they were developed into the concentration of measure theory. The Gibbs equivalence of ensembles with further generalizations shows that the data in high dimensional spaces are concentrated near shells of smaller dimension. New stochastic separation theorems reveal the fine structure of the data clouds. We review and analyse biological, physical, and mathematical problems at the core of the fundamental question: how can high dimensional brain organise reliable and fast learning in high dimensional world of data by simple tools? To meet this challenge, we outline and setup a framework based on statistical physics of data. Two critical applications are reviewed to exemplify the approach: one shot correction of errors in intellectual systems and emergence of static and associative memories in ensembles of single neurons. Error correctors should be simple; not damage the existing skills of the system; allow fast non iterative learning and correction of new mistakes without destroying the previous fixes. All these demands can be satisfied by new tools based on the concentration of measure phenomena and stochastic separation theory. We show how a simple enough functional neuronal model is capable of explaining: i) the extreme selectivity of single neurons to the information content of high dimensional data, ii) simultaneous separation of several uncorrelated informational items from a large set of stimuli, and iii) dynamic learning of new items by associating them with already "known" ones. These results constitute a basis for organisation of complex memories in ensembles of single neurons.
The Effects of Industry 4.0 in Tourism and Hospitality and Future Trends in Portugal
Year: 2020

It is no longer enough to have a technology base to meet customer needs. The competitiveness of the tourism sector is ensured through the innovation capacity that companies can achieve, either through innovation associated with services or through services. The relationship between tourism innovation and business competitiveness in the tourism sector must consider emerging and innovative technologies that appear daily in society. In this context, the information systems applied to tourism must take into consideration the various sectors of activity: accommodation, travel agencies, restaurants and gastronomy, tourist entertainment, transport, among others. In addition to tourism management information system, it must integrate an innovation mechanism, which should be based on the definition of an appropriate business model. The business model that ensures innovation has to integrate design, production, service, and marketing through a new customer relationship, therefore technology must be able to meet the demands inherent in this new model. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate how the concept of Industry 4.0 can affect the development of tourism in Portugal. In this context, it is relevant for tourism that all companies consider the technological drivers of change associated with the concept of Industry 4.0, constituting a technological basis for leveraging tourism companies to a technological environment called 'Tourism 4.0'
E Commerce Growth in India: A Study of Segments Contribution
Year: 2018

This paper examines the growth and different segments of electronic commerce (ecommerce) in India. As e commerce is one of the top growing businesses in India and provides a great market potential for investments, foreign Investors are funding e commerce sector. The study concludes that there would be a prospective growth of e commerce in India, if the Government provide a legal security and framework for e commerce and the domestic and international trade are allowed to expand their basic rights such as intellectual property, privacy, prevention of fraud, consumer protection, etc.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Community Information System Based on WSN Technology
Year: 2014

This paper studies the management of intelligent community network at present and technology development of internet of thing at home and abroad, in depth analyze the existing residential property management system, and design the green energy saving software platform based on Internet of things for intelligent community, the system platform takes Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as the development tool, taking SQL Server2008 as the database development environment. In order to meet the normal property management function demand, from the actual demand of the intelligent community management, increase the equipment management, file transfer, public security and other functions in the system. The software meet to the actual needs of the information society in the property management system, has a certain practical application prospect.
Hydrogen refuelling station with integrated metal hydride compressor: Layout features and experience of three year operation
Year: 2020

Hydrogen compression is a main contributor in the capital and operation costs of the H2 refuelling infrastructure. The use of metal hydrides (MH) for thermally driven H2 compression can provide efficient solution to mitigate this challenge. MH compressors are particularly promising for industrial customers who possess necessary infrastructure including pipeline H2, sources of low grade heat, etc. Here we present the details about layout of the H2 refuelling station and its operation at Impala Platinum refineries in Springs, South Africa, since its start up in September 2015. The station provides H2 dispensing at the pressure up to 185 bar and uses pipeline H2 (P 50 60 bar) available at the customer site. H2 compression to P 200 bar with productivity up to 13 Nm3/h is provided by the integrated 1 stage MH H2 compressor which uses steam (T~140 degC) for the heating and circulating water (T~20 degC) for the cooling; both steam and water are also available from the customer infrastructure. The station also includes H2 dispenser, buffer tank (standard gas cylinder pack) and control block on the basis of Siemens Program Logic Controller (PLC) which provides fully automated system operation. Switching H2 and steam/water flows is carried out with the help of remotely controlled, pneumatically actuated valves and auxiliary check valves. Additionally, at P 200 bar the control block switches the system into standby mode when MH compression modules are cooled down and their gas manifolds are connected to the H2 supply line. The H2 dispensing is independent on the compressor operation and takes from 6 to 15 min. The refuelling station complies with South African safety regulations for operation in a fire and explosion hazardous environment.
On the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Processed PLA, ABS, PETG, PA6, and PP Thermoplastic Polymers
Venue: Polymers
Year: 2020

In this study, the strain rate sensitivity of five different thermoplastic polymers processed via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Additive Manufacturing (AM) is reported. Namely, Polylactic Acid (PLA) Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) Polyamide 6 (PA6) and Polypropylene (PP) were thoroughly investigated under static tensile loading conditions at different strain rates. Strain rates have been selected representing the most common applications of polymeric materials manufactured by Three Dimensional (3D) Printing. Each polymer was exposed to five different strain rates in order to elucidate the dependency and sensitivity of the tensile properties, i.e. stiffness, strength, and toughness on the applied strain rate. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the 3D printed samples' fractured surfaces, as a means to derive important information regarding the fracture process, the type of fracture (brittle or ductile) as well as correlate the fractured surface characteristics with the mechanical response under certain strain rate conditions. An Expectation Maximization (EM) analysis was carried out. Finally, a comparison is presented calculating the strain rate sensitivity index "m" and toughness of all materials at the different applied strain rates.
Three dimensional architecture of the whole human soleus muscle in vivo
Venue: PeerJ
Year: 2018

Most data on the architecture of the human soleus muscle have been obtained from cadaveric dissection or two dimensional ultrasound imaging. We present the first comprehensive, quantitative study on the three dimensional anatomy of the human soleus muscle in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques.  We report three dimensional fascicle lengths, pennation angles, fascicle curvatures, physiological cross sectional areas and volumes in four compartments of the soleus at ankle joint angles of 69 12deg (plantarflexion, short muscle length; average SD across subjects) and 108 7deg (dorsiflexion, long muscle length) of six healthy young adults. Microdissection and three dimensional digitisation on two cadaveric muscles corroborated the compartmentalised structure of the soleus, and confirmed the validity of DTI based muscle fascicle reconstructions.  The posterior compartments of the soleus comprised 80 5% of the total muscle volume (356 58 cm3) At the short muscle length, the average fascicle length, pennation angle and curvature was 37 8 mm, 31 3deg and 17 4 /m, respectively. We did not find differences in fascicle lengths between compartments. However, pennation angles were on average 12deg larger (p 0.01) in the posterior compartments than in the anterior compartments. For every centimetre that the muscle tendon unit lengthened, fascicle lengths increased by 3.7 0.8 mm, pennation angles decreased by 3.2 0.9deg and curvatures decreased by 2.7 0.8 /m. Fascicles in the posterior compartments rotated almost twice as much as in the anterior compartments during passive lengthening.  The homogeneity in fascicle lengths and inhomogeneity in pennation angles of the soleus may indicate a functionally different role for the anterior and posterior compartments. The data and techniques presented here demonstrate how DTI can be used to obtain detailed, quantitative measurements of the anatomy of complex skeletal muscles in living humans.
Rural tourism and residents' well being in Cyprus: towards a conceptualised framework of the appreciation of rural tourism for islands' sustainable development and competitiveness
Year: 2019

While Cyprus is a significant destination, it is mainly characterised by mass tourism, focusing on seascape and leaving rural areas undeveloped. This situation, creates challenges related to its sustainability, such as unequal development, impacts on residents' well being, and decreased competitiveness. Employing a qualitative research approach, through interviews with fourteen policy makers, high level administrators, and tourist officials, as well as document analysis, the study examines the role of Cyprus' rural tourism on its residents' well being. Findings indicate that Cyprus' rural tourism takes the forms of agricultural, cultural and religious, nature based, and event tourism. While rural tourism is recognised as a sustainable niche, challenges such as its fragmented nature, inappropriate management, lack of knowledge, and microinterests, hinder its appreciation. The paper concludes with a framework suggesting three strategies that will lead to the islands' competitiveness and residents' well being: Integrated Rural Tourism, valorisation of social entrepreneurship, and identification of rural destinations' capitals.
The effect of socioemotional wealth on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance
Venue: BRQ Business Research Quarterly
Year: 2019

This study examines how five key entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions risk taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy impact family business performance, as well as the moderating effect of socioemotional wealth (SEW) on these relationships. The findings, based on a sample of 609 Spanish and Portuguese family firms, reveal that not all EO dimensions are equally important for performance, as only proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy were significant. However, we also find that the EO performance relationship is affected by concern for SEW preservation, as our SEW measure moderates risk taking positively and innovativeness negatively.
Treatment of late sequelae after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
Venue: Cancer treatment reviews
Year: 2017

Radiotherapy (RT) is used to treat approximately 80% of patients with cancer of the head and neck. Despite enormous advances in RT planning and delivery, a significant number of patients will experience radiation associated toxicities, especially those treated with concurrent systemic agents. Many effective management options are available for acute RT associated toxicities, but treatment options are much more limited and of variable benefit among patients who develop late sequelae after RT. The adverse impact of developing late tissue damage in irradiated patients may range from bothersome symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life to severe life threatening complications. In the region of the head and neck, among the most problematic late effects are impaired function of the salivary glands and swallowing apparatus. Other tissues and structures in the region may be at risk, depending mainly on the location of the irradiated tumor relative to the mandible and hearing apparatus. Here, we review the available evidence on the use of different therapeutic strategies to alleviate common late sequelae of RT in head and neck cancer patients, with a focus on the critical assessment of the treatment options for xerostomia, dysphagia, mandibular osteoradionecrosis, trismus, and hearing loss.
Box Particle Implementation and Comparison of Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density Filter
Year: 2016

This paper develops a box particle implementa tion of cardinalized probability hypothesis density filter to track multiple targets and estimate the unknown number of targets. A box particle is a random sample that occupies a small and controllable rectangular region of nonzero volume in the target state space. In box particle filter the huge number of traditional point observations is instead by a remarkably reduced number of interval measurements. It decreases the number of particles significantly and reduces the runtime considerably. The proposed algorithm based on box particle is able to reach a similar accuracy to a Sequential Monte Carlo cardinalized probability hy pothesis density (SMC CPHD) filter with much less computational costs. Not only does it propagates the PHD, but also propagates the cardinality distribution of target number. Therefore, it generates more accurate and stable instantaneous estimates of target number as well as target state than the box particle probability hypothesis density (BP PHD) filter does especially in dense clutter environ ment. Comparison and analysis based on the simulations in different probability of detection and different clutter rate have been done. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed algorithm are verified by the simulation results.
A Brief Discussion on the Post modernism History
Year: 2009

As a critical cultural trend,post modernism's ferocious ideological is rare even in the west.Our country is accustomed to western influences and will naturally become its hotbed.Through the interpretation of the definition of post modernist and the investigation of the influence to traditional school of history,it can be seen that post modernism is not a scourge,but an academic school which is helpful to history and other subjects.We should face up to our own deficiency and learn from others,so that to speed up the development of our country's history.
Secure and Robust Watermarking Scheme based on Motion Features for Video Object
Venue: 2020 8th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)
Year: 2020

The rapid development of worthy internet bandwidth transfers the digital multimedia objects to remote computer system instantaneously. The advent of digital technologies makes possible to create multiple identical copies of the original video. These two revolutionary changes in technologies exploited by malicious user also to make false claim for ownership protection, copyright protection, copy control and many more issues. The proposed technique suggested an innovative method by embedding the different segments of scrambled watermark in the extracted motion features of the video. The encryption key used to encrypt the watermark is depend upon the features of video and it always different for each different video. The scheme is robust and imperceptible enough to secure the watermark embedded into the video object. The outcome reveals that the scheme is robust to intentional and unintentional image and video specific attacks considered to occur frequently in nature. The superiority of the algorithm is that it found better robustness against compression attack.
APROVECHAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS AGROINDUSTRIALES EN EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CALIDAD DEL AMBIENTE
Year: 2018

La generacion de subproductos o residuos agroindustriales en las diferentes etapas de los procesos productivos, es actualmente una problematica a nivel mundial, debido a que en la mayoria de los casos no son procesados o dispuestos adecuadamente, situacion que contribuye al proceso de contaminacion ambiental. Los residuos agroindustriales poseen un alto potencial para ser aprovechados en diferentes procesos que incluyen elaboracion de nuevos productos, aportar valor agregado a los productos originales y recuperar condiciones ambientales alteradas. Este articulo presenta una revision bibliografica de las diferentes alternativas de aprovechamiento de los residuos agroindustriales en el mejoramiento de la calidad del ambiente. La busqueda incluyo publicaciones acerca del uso de residuos de origen agroindustrial en la prevencion e intervencion de posibles impactos negativos. Como resultado de la revision se identificaron 5 categorias de empleo de los residuos agroindustriales, la primera hace referencia a la obtencion de bioenergeticos (bioetanol, biodiesel, biogas, biomasa energetica) la segunda en el proceso de compostaje, como tercera se encuentra su aprovechamiento en la produccion de alimentos para animales, cuarta en la elaboracion de otros productos de interes (ladrillos, composites, estibas, entre otros) y finalmente su uso en la recuperacion de medios abioticos contaminados (remocion de colorantes, metales pesados e hidrocarburos) El aprovechamiento de estos residuos, se ha convertido en un tema de gran interes por los diversos beneficios ambientales y economicos obtenidos, que promueve un desarrollo sostenible.  The generation of by products or agro industrial waste in the different stages of the production process, is now a global problem, because in most cases they are not processed or disposed properly, a situation that contributes to the process of environmental contamination. The agro industrial waste has a high potential to be exploited in different processes that include the elaboration of new products, add value to the original products and recover altered environmental conditions. This article presents a bibliographic review of the different alternatives for the use of agro industrial waste in the improvement of the quality of the environment. The search included publications about the use of agro industrial waste in the prevention and intervention of possible negative impacts. As a result of the review, 5 categories of agro industrial waste employment were identified, the first one refers to the obtaining of bioenergy (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, energy biomass) the second in the composting process, the third is its use in the production of animal feed, fourth in the development of other products of interest (bricks, composites, pallets, among others) and finally its use in the recovery of contaminated abiotic media (removal of dyes, heavy metals and hydrocarbons) The use of this waste has become a topic of great interest for the various environmental and economic benefits obtained, which promotes sustainable development.
Mineral and bone disorder management in hemodialysis patients: comparing PTH control practices in Japan with Europe and North America: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)
Venue: BMC Nephrology
Year: 2018

BackgroundHigh circulating level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with elevated mortality in dialysis patients. The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guideline suggests a lower PTH target than other international guidelines; thus, PTH control may differ in Japan compared with other regions, and be associated with mortality.MethodsWe analyzed data from hemodialysis patients with =3 measurements of PTH during the first 9 months after enrollment in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) phases 4 5 (2009 2015) PTH control was assessed by the mean, slope, and mean squared error (MSE) of all PTH measurements over the 9 month run in period. Distribution of each PTH control was assessed by regions (Europe/Australia/New Zealand [ Japan and North America) and dialysis vintage. Mortality rates were compared across PTH control categories using Cox regression models.ResultsMean PTH was lower in Japan than in other regions across dialysis vintage categories. In patients with dialysis vintage 90 days, PTH level was more likely to decline 5% per month in Japan (48% of patients) versus Eur/ANZ (35% and North America (35% In patients with dialysis vintage 1 year, Japanese patients maintained steady PTH, while patients in Eur/ANZ and North America were more likely to experience a PTH increase. Mean PTH was associated with mortality in the overall samples (highest mortality rate for PTH 600 pg/mL, hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.52 vs PTH 200 399 pg/mL) and the association was obvious in the prevalent patients (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 1.65) PTH slope and MSE did not show significant association with mortality in the overall sample as well as in subjects stratified both by region and dialysis vintage.ConclusionPTH control in hemodialysis patients, as measured by keeping a stable PTH level over 9 months, was observed in Japan contrasted with other regions. High PTH mean, but not increased PTH slope and MSE, was associated with mortality especially in prevalent patients.