nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The shape of personal space.
Venue: Acta psychologica
Year: 2019

The notion of a personal space surrounding one's ego center is time honored. However, few attempts have been made to measure the shape of this space. With increasing use of virtual environments, the question has arisen if real world aspects, such as gender effects or the shape of personal space, translate to virtual setups. We conducted two experiments, one with real people matched according to body height and level of acquaintance in a large laboratory setting, and one where subjects faced a virtual character, likewise matched to their body height. The first experiment also used a mannequin in place of the second human observer. The second experiment additionally manipulated the perspective of the subject to compare estimates of interpersonal distance between an egocentric and an allocentric perspective (in third person view) Subjects approached (or were approached) from different angles until a comfortable distance for conversation with a stranger was reached (stop distance task) Personal space turned out to be rather circular with a radius of about 1 m. Male pairs kept larger distances from one another than female or mixed gender pairs. All subjects assumed larger distances to the mannequin compared to the real observer. Very comparable distances were preferred to the avatar in the virtual environment. Also, it did not matter whether the subject was engaged in active approach, was approached, or merely adjusted the distance between two avatars. Implications for theories of personal space are discussed.
Philippine Kinship and Social Organization from the Perspective of Historical Linguistics
Year: 2015

Based on a reconstruction of Proto Philippine kinship and social organization terminologies, this article characterizes early Philippine kinship as bilateral with possible quasi lineages. These features support the reconstruction of the Proto Malayo Polynesian system made by George Peter Murdock (1949) rather than that of Robert Blust (1980) In terms of leadership, the early Philippine community is described as dualistic in nature, allowing achieved and ascribed or hereditary chiefdom thus deviating from the ancestral concept of hereditary leadership in the Proto Malayo Polynesian system. Changes in the Philippine kinship system are traced to show innovations in nomenclature and behavior toward certain kin.
Optimisation of Livestock Identification and Trace back System LITS Database to meet Local Needs: Case Study of Botswana
Venue: J. Community Informatics
Year: 2013

Livestock Identification and Trace back System was implemented by the Botswana Government to meet the traceability requirement imposed by the European Union. To date, no study has been done in Botswana to explore the extent to which the Livestock Identification and Trace back System is used to support farmers in cattle management. This study established that although the LITS database has the potential to be used to meet local needs of cattle farmers and other stakeholders, it is not. The researcher argues that the LITS database can be used for other cattle management related purposes such as cattle tracing within Botswana and proposes that those in charge of stray cattle and the police, be allowed limited access to the database for work related purposes.
Dataset on flank wear, cutting force and cutting temperature assessment of austenitic stainless steel AISI316 under dry, wet and cryogenic during face milling operation
Venue: Data in brief
Year: 2019

The contemporaneous examination focuses on the impact of spindle speed as well as an eco pleasing cooling strategy in the midst of processing of AISI316. Investigations were executed at three different machining approaches viz. dry, wet and cryogenic (LN2) using cemented carbide inserts. Water dissolvable oil was used as a cutting fluid for flood cooling approach. The workpiece was processed under three distinctive cutting speeds i.e. 1000, 2000 and 3000 rpm however feed rate and depth of cut were kept consistent at 450 mm/min and 1mm separately. An exhaustive investigation on the cooling impacts of LN2 technique on a segment of the significant machinability perspective, for instance, cutting force (Fx) insert wear, surface quality and processing temperature is delineated. The beforehand specified processing responses were documented and contrasted all together to demonstrate the reasonableness and achievability of LN2 approach in examination with dry and wet machining methodology. The outcomes accomplished in the midst of the examination obviously settled the commonness of realizing LN2 for achieving upgraded machinability inside a predetermined scope of process parameters.
From Civilization of Pessimism to Culture of Compassion: Self Psychological Reflections on Freud's Essay "Civilization and Its Discontents"
Year: 2020

Does the phenomenology of human evil indeed attest to the correctness of the Freudian pessimistic thesis concerning man's tragic fate within the civilization that he himself had built? To answer this crucial question this study has a two fold intention: (1) To pose vis a vis Freud's pessimistic thesis an optimistic alternative: one that dares to offer the abandonment of evil as the explanation of man's nature, and the return to a vision of human solidarity, ethical responsibility, and the faith in good; (2) To trace Freud's struggle against his own optimism. The study would propose a novel synergy between psychoanalytic self psychology and the Buddhist dharma in order to illustrate the existence of a vertical split within the core of the colossal essay of Civilization and Its Discontents, which reflects Freud's own emotional and intellectual distress between his manifest psychoanalytic pessimistic world view, and his profound humane understanding of transcendental horizon of optimism. The transition from civilization of pessimism to the culture of compassion will be presented as a transition of the psychoanalytic domain from metaphysics of knowledge to metaphysics of presence.
BOO HOORAY AND AFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO ETHICAL TEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Year: 2007

In Language, Truth, and Logic Ayer took the surprising position that ethical judgments, exhortations, and descriptions are neither true nor false, but are emotive statements. While his argumentation was in support of the logical positivist position, it suggests a novel method for computational systems to recognize utterances regarding ethics. Namely, expressions of emotion can be likened to "boos" or "hoorays" issued from a metaphorical crowd in moral response. This paper presents a simple natural language processing system that searches for terms and categorizes the text accompanying these terms as a "boo" or "hooray," making use of a list of emotional terms compiled by Cowie et al. and orientations recorded by Whissel and Plutchik. The system uses this bag ofwords and a search engine to assign emotive scores to terms of the user's choosing. The contribution of this work is a primitive technique for computers to ethically evaluate textual queries.
Results of a nation wide retrospective study of lymphadenectomy for esophagogastric junction carcinoma
Venue: Gastric Cancer
Year: 2016

BackgroundEsophagogastric junction (EGJ) carcinoma has attracted considerable attention because of the marked increase in its incidence globally. However, the optimal extent of esophagogastric resection for this tumor entity remains highly controversial.MethodsThis was a questionnaire based national retrospective study undertaken in an attempt to define the optimal extent of lymph node dissection for EGJ cancer. Data from patients with EGJ carcinoma, less than 40 mm in diameter, who underwent R0 resection between January 2001 and December 2010 were reviewed.ResultsClinical records of 2807 patients without preoperative therapy were included in the analysis. There are distinct disparities in terms of the nodal dissection rate according to histology and the predominant tumor location. Nodal metastases frequently involved the abdominal nodes, especially those at the right and left cardia, lesser curvature and along the left gastric artery. Nodes along the distal portion of the stomach were much less often metastatic, and their dissection seemed unlikely to be beneficial. Lower mediastinal node dissection might contribute to improving survival for patients with esophagus predominant EGJ cancer. However, due to low dissection rates for nodes of the middle and upper mediastinum, no conclusive result was obtained regarding the optimal extent of nodal dissection in this region.ConclusionsComplete nodal clearance along the distal portion of the stomach offers marginal survival benefits for patients with EGJ cancers less than 4 cm in diameter. The optimal extent of esophageal resection and the benefits of mediastinal node dissection remain issues to be addressed in managing patients with esophagus predominant EGJ cancers.
Generation of Xylose inducible promoter tools for Pseudomonas species and their use in implicating a role for the Type II secretion system protein XcpQ in inhibition of corneal epithelial wound closure
Year: 2020

Tunable control of gene expression is an invaluable tool for biological experiments. In this study, we describe a new xylose inducible promoter system and evaluate it in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. The Pxut promoter derived from the P. flurorescens xut operon was incorporated into a broad host range pBBR1 based plasmid and compared to the Escherichia coli derived PBAD promoter using gfp as a reporter. GFP fluorescence from the Pxut promoter was inducible in both Pseudomonas species, but not in E. coli, which may facilitate cloning of toxic genes using E. coli to generate plasmids. The Pxut promoter was expressed at a lower inducer concentration than PBAD in P. fluorescens and higher gfp levels were achieved using Pxut. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that Pxut was more leaky than PBAD in the tested Pseudomonas species, but was expressed in a higher proportion of cells when induced. D xylose did not support growth of P. aeruginosa or P. fluorescens as a sole carbon source and is less expensive than many other commonly used inducers which could facilitate large scale applications. The efficacy of this system aided in demonstrating a role for the P. aeruginosa type II secretion system gene from xcpQ in bacterial inhibition of corneal epithelial cell wound closure. This study introduces a new inducible promoter system for gene expression for use in Pseudomonas species.  Pseudomonas species are enormously important in human infections, biotechnology, and as a model system for interrogating basic science questions. In this study we have developed a xylose inducible promoter system and evaluated it in P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens and found it to be suitable for the strong induction of gene expression. Furthermore, we have demonstrated its efficacy in controlled gene expression to show that a type 2 secretion system protein from P. aeruginosa, XcpQ, is important for host pathogen interactions in a corneal wound closure model.
Imaging biomarker roadmap for cancer studies
Venue: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
Year: 2017

Imaging biomarkers (IBs) are integral to the routine management of patients with cancer. IBs used daily in oncology include clinical TNM stage, objective response and left ventricular ejection fraction. Other CT, MRI, PET and ultrasonography biomarkers are used extensively in cancer research and drug development. New IBs need to be established either as useful tools for testing research hypotheses in clinical trials and research studies, or as clinical decision making tools for use in healthcare, by crossing 'translational gaps' through validation and qualification. Important differences exist between IBs and biospecimen derived biomarkers and, therefore, the development of IBs requires a tailored 'roadmap' Recognizing this need, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) assembled experts to review, debate and summarize the challenges of IB validation and qualification. This consensus group has produced 14 key recommendations for accelerating the clinical translation of IBs, which highlight the role of parallel (rather than sequential) tracks of technical (assay) validation, biological/clinical validation and assessment of cost effectiveness; the need for IB standardization and accreditation systems; the need to continually revisit IB precision; an alternative framework for biological/clinical validation of IBs; and the essential requirements for multicentre studies to qualify IBs for clinical use.
Celebrity Fan Engagement on Instagram and Its Influence on The Perception of Hijab Culture Among Muslim Women in Malaysia
Venue: Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication
Year: 2019

Celebrities who use Instagram can influence their female followers in many ways, for instance, in influencing their perceptions on body image, adoption of healthy eating lifestyles, and persuading them to purchase products or services endorsed by these celebrities. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the influence of celebrity fan engagement on Instagram on hijab culture among Muslim women in Malaysia. A cross sectional survey was conducted among female university students from the International Islamic University of Malaysia (N 630) In order to participate in the study, respondents completed an online survey and are instructed to think about a favourite female Muslim celebrity they follow on Instagram while completing the research instrument. Results indicate that almost one third of the most popular Muslim celebrities among females Instagram users are non traditional celebrities (i.e. bloggers/vloggers, YouTube personalities and social media influencers) Furthermore, attitude homophily and parasocial interaction with said celebrity may significantly influence the likelihood that the celebrity's profile will be visited, and the number of likes on their photos. Finally, after controlling for the respondents' religious educational background, this study found that those who had positive attitude and behaviour towards the hijab, and perceived a higher degree of parasocial bond with Muslim celebrities on Instagram tended to have a more positive perception towards the hijab culture. The repercussions of these findings on the parasocial interaction theory, and the influence of celebrity fan engagement on social media over hijab culture are discussed.  Homophily, hijab culture, Instagram use, Muslim celebrities, parasocial interaction.
Tacit knowledge sharing in construction: a system dynamics approach
Year: 2021

Most of the knowledge in the construction industry is tacit rather than explicit, and its sharing is imperative for enhanced project performance. Tacit Knowledge Sharing (TKS) is heavily influenced by an array of human factors, such as behaviour, attitude, skills, experience, personal contact, and interaction. These factors interact in multiple ways resulting in positive as well as negative loops for TKS, leading towards complexity. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of TKS in developing countries and thereafter, develop a System Dynamics (SD) model for addressing the aforementioned complexity. The study delineates the interrelations between nineteen shortlisted contributing factors of TKS using systems thinking and causal loop diagram (CLD) In total, CLD encompassed four reinforcing and two balancing loops. Furthermore, CLD was used to develop a SD model that contained four stocks. An additional stock named TKS was incorporated to visualize the combined effect of all stocks. The model was simulated over five years and results indicated an increase in TKS efficiency under the defined system and hence improvement in construction project performance. The resultant CLD and SD models reflect the system's thinking and behaviour over time for TKS in construction. The study adopts a novel methodology in form of SD for holistically addressing the construction culture to be favourable for TKS and thereby improving construction project performance.
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments.
Venue: Current opinion in biotechnology
Year: 2008

Antibiotic resistant organisms enter into water environments from human and animal sources. These bacteria are able to spread their genes into water indigenous microbes, which also contain resistance genes. On the contrary, many antibiotics from industrial origin circulate in water environments, potentially altering microbial ecosystems. Risk assessment protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, based on better systems for antibiotics detection and antibiotic resistance microbial source tracking, are starting to be discussed. Methods to reduce resistant bacterial load in wastewaters, and the amount of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, include optimization of disinfection procedures and management of wastewater and manure. A policy for preventing mixing human originated and animal originated bacteria with environmental organisms seems advisable.
Low temperature polymer assisted hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles
Year: 2008

BFO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a polymer assisted hydrothermal method at a temperature as low as 160 degC. The as prepared powders, characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) exhibited a pure BFO phase about 10 nm size and uniform sphere like shape. It was found that the added polymer played a key role in decreasing the growing speed of BFO nuclei and resulted in the formation of BFO nanoparticles.
Multiscale 3D manufacturing: combining thermal extrusion printing with additive and subtractive direct laser writing
Venue: Photonics Europe
Year: 2014

A novel approach for efficient manufacturing of three dimensional (3D) microstructured scaffolds designed for cell studies and tissue engineering applications is presented. A thermal extrusion (fused filament fabrication) 3D printer is employed as a simple and low cost tabletop device enabling rapid materialization of CAD models out of biocompatible and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) Here it was used to produce cm scale microporous (pore size varying from 100 to 400 um) scaffolds. The fabricated objects were further laser processed in a direct laser writing (DLW) subtractive (ablation) and additive (lithography) manners. The first approach enables precise surface modification by creating micro craters, holes and grooves thus increasing the surface roughness. An alternative way is to immerse the 3D PLA scaffold in a monomer solution and use the same DLW setup to refine its inner structure by fabricating dots, lines or a fine mesh on top as well as inside the pores of previously produced scaffolds. The DLW technique is empowered by ultrafast lasers it allows 3D structuring with high spatial resolution in a great variety of photosensitive materials. Structure geometry on macro to micro scales could be finely tuned by combining these two fabrication techniques. Such artificial 3D substrates could be used for cell growth or as biocompatible biodegradable implants. This combination of distinct material processing techniques enables rapid fabrication of diverse functional micro featured and integrated devices. Hopefully, the proposed approach will find numerous applications in the field of ms, microfluidics, microoptics and many others.
'Death by Twitter' Understanding false death announcements on social media and the performance of platform cultural capital
Venue: First Monday
Year: 2019

In this paper, we analyse false death announcements of public figures on social media and public responses to them. The analysis draws from a range of public sources to collect and categorise the volume of false death announcements on Twitter and undertakes a case study analysis of representative examples. We classify false death announcements according to five overarching types: accidental; misreported; misunderstood; hacked; and hoaxed. We identify patterns of user responses, which cycle through the sharing of the news, to personal grief, to a sense of uncertainty or disbelief. But we also identify more critical and cultural responses to such death announcements in relation to misinformation and the quality of digital news, or cultures of hoax and disinformation on social media. Here we see the performance of online identity through a form that we describe, following Bourdieu as 'platform cultural capital'
Augmenting the algorithm: Emerging human in the loop work configurations
Venue: J. Strateg. Inf. Syst.
Year: 2020

How do configurations of humans and algorithms evolve as firms adopt artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, and what are the implications for work and organization? We explored these questions through a two year long case study of an organization in the international maritime trade that introduced automated algorithmic support for data analysis and prediction work. Drawing on a human machine configuration perspective, we found that humans and the algorithm were configured and reconfigured in multiple ways over time as the organization dealt with the introduction of algorithmic analysis. In contrast to replacing human work, the emergent configurations required new roles and redistribution of extant expertise to augment and improve the accuracy of the algorithm. Our analysis suggests that the new configuration resembled a human in the loop pattern, comprised of both the augmentation work of auditing (i.e. the generation of a ground truth and assessment of the algorithmic output against this) as well as the work of altering the algorithm and the data acquisition architecture. Our research points to the strategic importance of a human in the loop pattern for organizational reflexivity to ensure that the performance of the algorithm meets the organization's requirements and changes in the environment.
Home gardening and associations with fruit and vegetable intake and BMI
Venue: Public Health Nutrition
Year: 2020

To understand who engages in home gardening and whether gardening is associated with fruit and vegetable intake and weight status.  A national cross sectional survey.  Online survey panel in the USA.  Adults aged 18 75 years representing the US population with respect to gender, age, race/ethnicity, income and geographic region (n 3889)  Approximately 30 of survey respondents reported growing edible plants in a home garden. Gardeners were more likely to be White or Asian, employed, have higher income, be married, have children in the household and live in rural areas. Gardeners were less likely to be obese and more likely to meet US dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. In multivariable analyses, home gardens remained associated with fruit and vegetable intake and BMI when controlling for a range of socio demographic characteristics and level of rurality.  The current study identifies who is gardening in the USA and provides useful information for public health efforts to increase gardening as a nutrition intervention. Future research should examine the benefits of home gardening and interventions to increase home gardening using more rigorous designs.
A mismatch in the human realism of face and voice produces an uncanny valley
Venue: i Perception
Year: 2011

The uncanny valley has become synonymous with the uneasy feeling of viewing an animated character or robot that looks imperfectly human. Although previous uncanny valley experiments have focused on relations among a character's visual elements, the current experiment examines whether a mismatch in the human realism of a character's face and voice causes it to be evaluated as eerie. The results support this hypothesis.