nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
International Religious Freedom Promotion and US Foreign Policy
Year: 2020

The freedom to practice one's religious belief is a fundamental human right and yet, for millions of people around the world, this right is denied. Yearly reports produced by the US State Department, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, Open Doors International, Aid to the Church in Need and Release International reveal a disturbing picture of increased religious persecution across much of the world conducted at individual, community and state level conducted by secular, religious, terrorist and state actors. While religious actors both contribute to persecution of those of other faiths and beliefs and are involved in peace and reconciliation initiatives, the acceptance of the freedom to practice one's faith, to disseminate that faith and to change one's faith and belief is fundamental to considerations of the intersection of peace, politics and religion. In this article, I examine the political background of the United States' promotion of international religious freedom, and current progress on advancing this under the Trump administration. International Religious Freedom (IRF) is contentious, and seen by many as the advancement of US national interests by other means. This article argues that through an examination of the accomplishments and various critiques of the IRF programme it is possible, and desirable, to discover what works, and where further progress needs to be made, in order to enable people around the world to enjoy freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Chronic Kidney Disease is a Risk Factor for Stroke.
Venue: Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases the official journal of National Stroke Association
Year: 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a sustained reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or presence of albuminuria. People with CKD have adverse cardiovascular outcomes including stroke. CKD and stroke share several risk factors, most notably older age, diabetes and hypertension, but CKD is also an independent risk factor for stroke. Relative burden of increased risk is worse for younger people and women, with <40 years with end stage CKD having more than 11 times the risk of their age matched peers. Risk also varies by CKD treatment, with a risk peak for those starting dialysis, but dropping after the first month of treatment. Proposed mechanisms for increased risk are uraemia, cerebral blood flow dysregulation, vascular calcification, arterial stiffness, chronic inflammation, vascular access impacts, and for those on haemodialysis the use of anticoagulation to maintain dialysis circuits. Outcomes for people with CKD and stroke are poorer; functional outcomes may be impacted by reduced access to specialised stroke care. Stroke mortality is higher for those with CKD; with standardised mortality ratio more than three times higher than expected, but for some groups higher still (young women <40 years with a kidney transplant have 19 times the risk of stroke mortality than women without a transplant) Interventions to prevent and treat stroke lack the evidence base in CKD patients that is present for the general population.
Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio sciences.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews
Year: 2010

Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio )analytical sensors and bio imaging set ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near infrared luminescence, (ii) "soft" luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels) (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio sensing and bio imaging based on time resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references)
Parkinson's Disease Prediction Based on Multistate Markov Models
Venue: Int. J. Comput. Commun. Control
Year: 2013

800x600 In the real medical world, there are many symptoms or chronic diseases that cannot be characterized in a deterministic way, and which must be examined in a random way. In the study of these stochastic processes, Markov chains are used. There is a wide variety of phenomena that suggest a behavior in a Markov process manner such as: the probability that a patient's health to improve, to get worse, to remain stable or to progress to death within a certain time slot, depending on what happened in the previous time window. Our goal is to show that the Markov chains can be applied to the patients with Parkinson's disease in order to predict the evolution of the disease over time. So the doctor may decide a therapeutic solution that is adapted to the patient's needs, and that can improve the quality of the patient's life with Parkinson's disease in terminal stage. Normal 0 false false false EN US X NONE X NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Style Definitions table.MsoNormalTable {mso style name:"Table Normal" mso tstyle rowband size:0; mso tstyle colband size:0; mso style noshow:yes; mso style priority:99; mso style parent:" mso padding alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso para margin:0cm; mso para margin bottom:.0001pt; mso pagination:widow orphan; font size:10.0pt; font family:"Times New Roman""serif"
A primer to scaffolded DNA origami
Venue: Nature Methods
Year: 2011

Molecular self assembly with scaffolded DNA origami enables building custom shaped nanometer scale objects with molecular weights in the megadalton regime. Here we provide a practical guide for design and assembly of scaffolded DNA origami objects. We also introduce a computational tool for predicting the structure of DNA origami objects and provide information on the conditions under which DNA origami objects can be expected to maintain their structure.
Analysis on Economic Effects of Chinese Concept Stock Returning to A Stock Market under Market Segmentation
Year: 2009

Market segmentation is a common phenomenon.There is foam in A stock market.With extremely fluctuation of market and shortage of potential resources,Chinese concept stock in Hongkong market returning to A stock market becomes a selection to stabilize our market.The analysis of economic effects result from Chinese concept stock returning shows that firstly the returning will enrich investment variety and be helpful to increase investor's welfare.Secondly,for premium of A stock is higher than that of H stock,IPO pricing of Chinese concept stock returning may be higher than its original H stock price,so there may be a phenomenon that wealth is shifted from A stock investors to Chinese concept stock investors.
Factors influencing the application of prefabricated construction in China: From perspectives of technology promotion and cleaner production
Venue: Journal of Cleaner Production
Year: 2019

It has been proven that prefabricated construction plays a significant role in cleaner production in the construction industry due to its capacity for energy conservation, emissions reduction, low carbon development and environmental protection. Although prefabricated construction was introduced in China decades ago, it still faces some problems during the application stage. In order to improve the application of prefabricated construction in China, this research explores its influencing factors from the perspectives of technology promotion and cleaner production. Twenty one types of factors are identified through a literature review, and a questionnaire survey is conducted for the purpose of collecting empirical data. Factor analysis establishes an influencing factor model composed of industry factors, company factors, technology factors, government factors and market factors. The relative importance of each cluster and factor is revealed by its index of relative importance (IRI) the dominant player is the government, and the top five factors in the promotion of prefabricated construction in China are technology lock in (76.42% incentive policies (75.91% standardization (73.70% cost (73.70% and entrepreneurial cognition (73.13% Additionally, the process of conducting semi structured interviews with experts provides suggestions. The findings will benefit researchers, practitioners and policymakers who want to promote the application of prefabricated construction, and provide references for other cleaner production technologies in China.
The VaR Method Based on GARCH Model in Risk Analysis of Chinese Stock Market
Year: 2015

By selecting the closing price data of Hushen 300 Index from January 1,2011 to May 14,2015,the return rate series are calculated. And by using GARCH model,the variance of return series is estimated in order to get the VaR value of the Hushen 300 Index. By making the comparison chart of daily VaR values with10% daily maximum loss and daily actual loss,the effectiveness of VaR value is proved. Then the accuracy of the VaR value is proved by back testing. Finally,the conclusion is drawn that the VaR value estimated by GARCH( 1,1) model has a good assessment of the Hushen 300 Index or other individual stocks. GARCH( 1,1)model has a general applicable characteristic. However,when there is bull market or the unreasonable environment,the VaR estimation error rate will rise.
Indoor Layout Estimation by 2D LiDAR and Camera Fusion
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

This paper presents an algorithm for indoor layout estimation and reconstruction through the fusion of a sequence of captured images and LiDAR data sets. In the proposed system, a movable platform collects both intensity images and 2D LiDAR information. Pose estimation and semantic segmentation is computed jointly by aligning the LiDAR points to line segments from the images. For indoor scenes with walls orthogonal to floor, the alignment problem is decoupled into top down view projection and a 2D similarity transformation estimation and solved by the recursive random sample consensus (R RANSAC) algorithm. Hypotheses can be generated, evaluated and optimized by integrating new scans as the platform moves throughout the environment. The proposed method avoids the need of extensive prior training or a cuboid layout assumption, which is more effective and practical compared to most previous indoor layout estimation methods. Multi sensor fusion allows the capability of providing accurate depth estimation and high resolution visual information.
Pediatric Corneal Cross linking: Comparison of Visual and Topographic Outcomes Between Conventional and Accelerated Treatment.
Venue: American journal of ophthalmology
Year: 2017

To compare visual and topographic outcomes 1 year after conventional (C CXL) vs accelerated corneal cross linking (A CXL) in pediatric keratoconus (KC) DESIGN Comparative, retrospective, consecutive case series.  Patients with topography confirmed, progressive KC and a corneal thickness of =400 mm at the time of surgery were enrolled. Uncorrected (UCVA) and best phoropter corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and normal maximum keratometry reading (Kmax) were measured at study entry and at the 12 month follow up. Treatment failure rate was defined as the percentage of eyes with an increase in Kmax of more than 1.0 diopter during follow up. The adverse event rate was the percentage of eyes with a loss of =2 Snellen lines of BCVA from baseline. This was a single center analysis of 78 eyes of 58 patients that underwent C CXL (39 eyes) and A CXL (39 eyes) No eyes were lost to follow up after 12 months.  No significant difference between changes in 12 months after as compared to the time before CXL for UCVA (0.01 log MAR; 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.15, P .944) BCVA (0.05 log MAR; 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.15, P .310) and Kmax 0.77 diopters; 95% confidence interval 2.20 to 0.65, P .282) between the C CXL and A CXL group were observed. Treatment failure rate was observed in 9 of 39 eyes (23.1% in C CXL and in 6 of 39 eyes (15.4% in A CXL (P .389) Adverse events were seen only in 1 eye in the C CXL group.  In this retrospective comparison, the accelerated approach was equally as effective as the conventional protocol to treat pediatric keratoconus.
Overuse of the Discourse Filler, "So" in Micro teaching Talks by Koreans
Year: 2013

The study investigates pre service Korean English teachers" lecture talks in order to identify what aspects are problematic for them using the discourse marker, "so" The speech data was collected from mock lectures by university students in Seoul, Korea. The study compared the frequency of "so" as a discourse filler by the Koreans with that by native English speakers in the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English. The results indicate that the Korean participants overuse "so" as a filled pause rather than as a discourse marker. Moreover, the study confirmed that the Korean speakers use "so" in an unnatural way, different from native English speakers. The author suggests that teacher training programs teach differentiation in the subtle meanings and functions of those discourse tools, via exposure to quality input; and that the programs also provide a variety of speech practice with appropriate use of discourse markers at the moment of performance.
The impact of intuition and supervisor nurse relationships on empowerment and affective commitment by generation.
Venue: Journal of advanced nursing
Year: 2012

This article reports a generational cohort and leader member exchange theoretical frameworks guided study of the influence of the supervisor subordinate relationship on three generational nurse cohorts' use of intuition, perceptions of empowerment and affective commitment.  Within a global context of nurse shortages, knowledge about factors influencing nurse retention is urgently sought. We postulated that nurses' use of intuition is the key to their empowerment and consequent commitment to the organization, and that impact would vary among the three large nurse generations.  A self report survey was used to gather data in 2008, which were then analysed using correlations, regression analysis, manova and path analysis. Data were obtained from 900 Baby Boomer and Generations X and Y nurses, randomly chosen from seven private hospitals across Australia.  The findings confirm the important impact of supervisor nurse relationships upon all three generations' use of intuition. The findings add new knowledge about the differing importance of using intuition for Generation X, Generation Y and Baby Boomer nurses' perceptions of empowerment, suggesting it is more important to Baby Boomers and Generation X than to Generation Y. Further, the impact of using intuition differs significantly among the generational cohorts.  The findings suggest the need for a more differentiated tailored style sensitive to varying needs of the generations. Improving supervisor nurse relationships is also critical, because of their impact upon nurses' use of intuition, perceptions of empowerment and affective commitment. Poor relationships lead to increased nurse replacement costs.
Perceptions and Penalties: Exploring Aspects of Ethics in Social Work
Year: 2017

Social workers are responsible for interpreting their professional code of ethics in such a way that they can provide competent services dependably. This banded dissertation explores the effects of those interpretations. Symbolic interactionism provides a useful framework for understanding the ways in which people can interpret the same situation in different ways. A systematic review of the literature reveals that social workers' perceptions of what constitutes ethical and unethical practice are inconsistent. These inconsistencies can, at times, lead to social workers engaging in unethical or unprofessional practice. An exploratory mixed methods study examines a group of social workers disciplined by a state licensing board and found that the experience had significant psychological and vocational impacts on their lives. A Council on Social Work Education conference workshop exploring the polarities of social work ethics ties together the learning from the systematic review and the mixed methods research studies. Perception and context are important contributors to how social workers make practice decisions. For social work education, this means more of a teaching focus on critical thinking involved in decision making, and gatekeeping support for students who cannot demonstrate such skills. The research implications are many, such as exploring social workers' perceived responsibilities to restore the "in group" status of their colleagues who have been disciplined. PERCEPTIONS AND PENALTIES iii Dedication/Acknowledgements I often insisted that I needed to go through this process alone to make me a better student, scholar, and teacher. Thank you to all of you who knew better and kept showing up and checking in anyway. Special thanks to my adviser, Robin Whitebird, my mentors Lisa Richardson and Ann Henderson for their continuous support, and their gentle and not so gentle nudging. Thank you, also, to my Cohort One classmates for making it okay to go first. PERCEPTIONS AND PENALTIES iv Table of
A Systematic Review of Topical Finasteride in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men and Women.
Venue: Journal of drugs in dermatology JDD
Year: 2018

Currently, only topical minoxidil (MNX) and oral finasteride (FNS) are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Although FNS is efficacious for hair regrowth, its systemic use is associated with side effects limiting long term utilization. Exploring topical FNS as an alternative treatment regimen may prove promising.  A search was conducted to identify studies regarding human in vivo topical FNS treatment efficacy including clinically relevant case reports, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies.  Seven articles were included in this systematic review. In all studies, there was significant decrease in the rate of hair loss, increase in total and terminal hair counts, and positive hair growth assessment with topical FNS. Both scalp and plasma DHT significantly decreased with application of topical FNS; no changes in serum testosterone were noted.  Preliminary results on the use of topical FNS are limited, but safe and promising. Continued research into drug delivery, ideal topical concentration and application frequency, side effects, and use for other alopecias will help to elucidate the full extent of topical FNS' use.
Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Cantilever Shaped Materials
Venue: Sensors
Year: 2008

Microcantilevers were first introduced as imaging probes in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) due to their extremely high sensitivity in measuring surface forces. The versatility of these probes, however, allows the sensing and measurement of a host of mechanical properties of various materials. Sensor parameters such as resonance frequency, quality factor, amplitude of vibration and bending due to a differential stress can all be simultaneously determined for a cantilever. When measuring the mechanical properties of materials, identifying and discerning the most influential parameters responsible for the observed changes in the cantilever response are important. We will, therefore, discuss the effects of various force fields such as those induced by mass loading, residual stress, internal friction of the material, and other changes in the mechanical properties of the microcantilevers. Methods to measure variations in temperature, pressure, or molecular adsorption of water molecules are also discussed. Often these effects occur simultaneously, increasing the number of parameters that need to be concurrently measured to ensure the reliability of the sensors. We therefore systematically investigate the geometric and environmental effects on cantilever measurements including the chemical nature of the underlying interactions. To address the geometric effects we have considered cantilevers with a rectangular or circular cross section. The chemical nature is addressed by using cantilevers fabricated with metals and/or dielectrics. Selective chemical etching, swelling or changes in Young's modulus of the surface were investigated by means of polymeric and inorganic coatings. Finally to address the effect of the environment in which the cantilever operates, the Knudsen number was determined to characterize the molecule cantilever collisions. Also bimaterial cantilevers with high thermal sensitivity were used to discern the effect of temperature variations. When appropriate, we use continuum mechanics, which is justified according to the ratio between the cantilever thickness and the grain size of the materials. We will also address other potential applications such as the ageing process of nuclear materials, building materials, and optical fibers, which can be investigated by monitoring their mechanical changes with time. In summary, by virtue of the dynamic response of a miniaturized cantilever shaped material, we present useful measurements of the associated elastic properties.
Volatility of stock market returns and the naira exchange rate
Year: 2018

In the wake of steadily declining oil prices, the naira dollar (Nigeria US) exchange rate came under severe pressure, leading to extreme volatility in the foreign exchange rate. This study seeks to explore volatility spillovers between stock market returns and the exchange rate due to speculation of foreign investors in the stock market. We employed a multivariate GARCH model (VARMA AGARCH model) to model the transmission mechanism of mean return, return spillover and shock spillover between the stock market and the foreign exchange market, using their return series. Results indicate the presence of a transmission mechanism between these markets. Shock spillovers however showed a stronger uni directional transmission of shocks from the stock market to the foreign exchange market without breakpoints. When breakpoints were considered, a bi directional spillover pattern was observed across both markets. We thus bring into perspective the role played by foreign portfolio investors in determining the exchange rate of a small, open, emerging market economy. Short term capital flows into emerging market securities may thus distort the long run equilibrium of the foreign exchange market.