nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Much ado about nothing: the misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in eastern and western nations: comment on Anderson et al. (2010)
Venue: Psychological bulletin
Year: 2010

The issue of violent video game influences on youth violence and aggression remains intensely debated in the scholarly literature and among the general public. Several recent meta analyses, examining outcome measures most closely related to serious aggressive acts, found little evidence for a relationship between violent video games and aggression or violence. In a new meta analysis, C. A. Anderson et al. (2010) questioned these findings. However, their analysis has several methodological issues that limit the interpretability of their results. In their analysis, C. A. Anderson et al. included many studies that do not relate well to serious aggression, an apparently biased sample of unpublished studies, and a "best practices" analysis that appears unreliable and does not consider the impact of unstandardized aggression measures on the inflation of effect size estimates. They also focused on bivariate correlations rather than better controlled estimates of effects. Despite a number of methodological flaws that all appear likely to inflate effect size estimates, the final estimate of r .15 is still indicative of only weak effects. Contrasts between the claims of C. A. Anderson et al. (2010) and real world data on youth violence are discussed.
Comparison of three different frequency lowering technologies in Arabic speaking hearing loss children
Year: 2018

Frequency lowering is the generic term that refers to current technologies that take high frequency input signals, typically considered speech sounds, and deliver them to a lower frequency region for improved speech understanding. Manufacturers of hearing aids (HAs) introduced frequency lowering techniques to compensate in part for the perceptual effects of high frequency hearing impairments, which include linear frequency transposition scheme, nonlinear frequency compression, and spectral IQ.  To find which of the three frequency lowering technologies is more beneficial in amplifying high frequency sounds in children with high frequency hearing. We also aimed to find which technology gives the best aided Arabic speech score in our Egyptian children patients.  A total of 10 children with moderately severe to profound high frequency sensory neural hearing loss using conventional methods of amplification were included. Aided threshold and word discrimination score were done four times using conventional HA once and other three trails using HAs with different frequency lowering technology.  Significant differences were found between conventional amplification and the three frequency lowering technologies, where the spectral IQ was considered the best regarding functional gain and speech discrimination abilities.  Spectral IQ is better for children as a fitting strategy, giving more gain in the high frequencies and better speech identification.
Integrating the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV into primary healthcare services after AIDS denialism in South Africa: perspectives of experts and health care workers a qualitative study
Venue: BMC Health Services Research
Year: 2020

Integrating Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programmes into routine health services under complex socio political and health system conditions is a priority and a challenge. The successful rollout of PMTCT in sub Saharan Africa has decreased Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) reduced child mortality and improved maternal health. In South Africa, PMTCT is now integrated into existing primary health care (PHC) services and this experience could serve as a relevant example for integrating other programmes into comprehensive primary care. This study explored the perspectives of both experts or key informants and frontline health workers (FHCWs) in South Africa on PMTCT integration into PHC in the context of post AIDS denialism using a Complex Adaptive Systems framework.  A total of 20 in depth semi structured interviews were conducted; 10 with experts including national and international health systems and HIV/PMTCT policy makers and researchers, and 10 FHCWs including clinic managers, nurses and midwives. All interviews were conducted in person, audio recorded and transcribed. Three investigators collaborated in coding transcripts and used an iterative approach for thematic analysis.  Experts and FHCWs agreed on the importance of integrated PMTCT services. Experts reported a slow and partial integration of PMTCT programmes into PHC following its initial rollout as a stand alone programme in the aftermath of the AIDS denialism period. Experts and FHCWs diverged on the challenges associated with integration of PMTCT. Experts highlighted bureaucracy, HIV stigma and discrimination and a shortage of training for staff as major barriers to PMTCT integration. In comparison, FHCWs emphasized high workloads, staff turnover and infrastructural issues (e.g. lack of rooms, small spaces) as their main challenges to integration. Both experts and FHCWs suggested that working with community health workers, particularly in the post partum period, helped to address cases of loss to follow up of women and their babies and to improve linkages to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and immunisation.  Despite organised efforts in South Africa, experts and FHCWs reported multiple barriers for the full integration of PMTCT in PHC, especially postpartum. The results suggest opportunities to address operational challenges towards more integrated PMTCT and other health services in order to improve maternal and child health.
Waymo's Safety Methodologies and Safety Readiness Determinations
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2020

Waymo's safety methodologies, which draw on well established engineering processes and address new safety challenges specific to Automated Vehicle technology, provide a firm foundation for safe deployment of Waymo's Level 4 ADS, which Waymo also refers to as the Waymo Driver. Waymo's determination of its readiness to deploy its AVs safely in different settings rests on that firm foundation and on a thorough analysis of risks specific to a particular Operational Design Domain. Waymo's process for making these readiness determinations entails an ordered examination of the relevant outputs from all of its safety methodologies combined with careful safety and engineering judgment focused on the specific facts relevant for a particular determination. Waymo will approve when it determines the ADS is ready for the new conditions without creating any unreasonable risks to safety.
Weight Stigma and Health: The Mediating Role of Coping Responses
Venue: Health psychology official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Year: 2018

Considerable evidence has documented links between weight stigma and poor health, independent of weight. However, little research has assessed how individuals cope with weight stigma, and how stigma specific coping responses contribute to health. The present study examined multiple stigma specific coping responses as mediators of the relationship between experienced weight stigma and health.  A diverse national sample of 912 adults (53.9% female, Mage 40.33, SD 15.58) reporting experiences of weight stigma completed questionnaires about stigma, stigma specific coping responses (i.e. coping with weight stigma via negative affect, maladaptive eating behavior, healthy lifestyle behavior, and exercise avoidance) and health indices including depressive symptoms, physical health, psychological wellbeing, dieting frequency, and self esteem.  Stigma specific coping responses mediated the relationship between experienced weight stigma and all health indices, though indirect effects of weight stigma on health varied by coping strategy. Weight stigma was indirectly associated with greater frequency of depressive symptoms, lower scores on psychological wellbeing, self esteem and physical health through coping via negative affect. Weight stigma indirectly contributed to greater frequency of depressive symptoms and dieting, as well as lower self esteem and poorer physical health through coping via maladaptive eating. Weight stigma was associated with less frequent depressive symptoms, more frequent dieting, better psychological wellbeing, better self esteem, and better physical health through coping with healthy lifestyle behaviors.  These findings suggest that it may be useful to address weight stigma and coping in the context of weight management and obesity treatment programs, to help protect individuals from negative health effects of experiencing weight stigma.
Herramientas de control y evaluaciA3n de proyectos para la toma de decisiones en el proceso administrativo
Year: 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como intenciA3n mostrar las herramientas de evaluaciA3n y control de proyectos, asA como los instrumentos de recolecciA3n de informaciA3n administrativas en el mismo se expone la importancia del proceso administrativo, la herramienta de checklist, la observaciA3n, cuestionario, el anAilisis de contenido, el diagrama de Gantt, diagrama de PERT, diagrama de Pareto y diagrama de flujo como herramientas indispensables para la generaciA3n de informaciA3n y toma de decisiones.
Study on the characteristics of GDL with different PTFE content and its effect on the performance of PEMFC
Year: 2019

The content of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is the key factor to determine the hydrophobicity and heat transfer characteristics of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) which directly affects the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) The PTFE content of GDL materials changes due to the complex and variable working conditions and the accumulation of working hours in fuel cells. In order to study the effect of PTFE content and external load on the thermal conductivity of GDL materials, a new method based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology was proposed to measure the thermal conductivity of GDL materials. The thermal conductivity of GDL materials with different PTFE content was measured by FBG temperature sensor, and the effect of different PTFE content on the performance of fuel cell was studied. The experimental results show that the hydrophobicity of GDL material increases with the increase of PTFE content, and different PTFE content of GDL materials have different effects on the performance of PEMFC. The difference of thermal conductivity of GDL material with different PTFE content can be measured by using FBG sensing measurement technology, which reflects the change of GDL material properties due to the difference of PTFE content in the GDL material. The results of this study provide guidance for the method of detecting the change of internal material characteristics of PEMFC.
Empathy with Inanimate Objects and the Uncanny Valley
Venue: Minds and Machines
Year: 2009

The term "uncanny valley" goes back to an article of the Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori (Mori 1970, 2005) He put forward the hypothesis that humanlike objects like certain kinds of robots elicit emotional responses similar to real humans proportionate to their degree of human likeness. Yet, if a certain degree of similarity is reached emotional responses become all of a sudden very repulsive. The corresponding recess in the supposed function is called the uncanny valley. The present paper wants to propose a philosophical explanation why we feel empathy with inanimate objects in the first place, and why the uncanny valley occurs when these objects become very humanlike. The core of this explanation which is informed by the recently developing empirical research on the matter will be a form of empathy involving a kind of imaginative perception. However, as will be shown, imaginative perception fails in cases of very humanlike objects.
Spirulina active substance mediated gut microbes improve lipid metabolism in high fat diet fed rats
Venue: Journal of Functional Foods
Year: 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Spirulina mixed active substance (SPMX) on lipid metabolism and intestinal microbes in high fat diet (HFD) rats. The effects of SPMX on body weight, serum lipids, pathological organization, gut microbiota and metabolites were analyzed. Results showed that body weight, serum lipids were significantly lower in SPMX group than that of HFD group, except HDL C level. SPMX can enhance the restoration of fatty liver in HFD rats to a certain extent. SPMX obviously decreased the relative abundance of potential harmful bacteria. The mRNA expression levels of HMG CoA, SREBP 1c and ACC in the liver tissue of the SPMX group were reduced remarkably compared with the HFD group. Spearman's correlation analysis suggested that changes in feces microbiota was correlated with biochemical indicator. These findings suggested that SPMX could ameliorate lipid metabolism disorder, regulate intestinal microbial structure and can be used as lipid lowering functional food.
CEVCLUS: evidential clustering with instance level constraints for relational data
Venue: Soft Comput.
Year: 2014

Recent advances in clustering consider incorporating background knowledge in the partitioning algorithm, using, e.g. pairwise constraints between objects. As a matter of fact, prior information, when available, often makes it possible to better retrieve meaningful clusters in data. Here, this approach is investigated in the framework of belief functions, which allows us to handle the imprecision and the uncertainty of the clustering process. In this context, the EVCLUS algorithm was proposed for partitioning objects described by a dissimilarity matrix. It is extended here so as to take pairwise constraints into account, by adding a term to its objective function. This term corresponds to a penalty term that expresses pairwise constraints in the belief function framework. Various synthetic and real datasets are considered to demonstrate the interest of the proposed method, called CEVCLUS, and two applications are presented. The performances of CEVCLUS are also compared to those of other constrained clustering algorithms.
Contagious Fire? An Empirical Assessment of the Problem of Multi shooter, Multi shot Deadly Force Incidents in Police Work
Year: 2008

Recent police shootings in which multiple officers fired numerous rounds at suspects have led some observers to assert that such situations involve "contagious fire," where an initial officer's shots launch a cascade of gunfire from other officers present. Although there is anecdotal recognition of the contagious fire phenomenon among police and the media, there is not a single empirical study documenting its existence in more than 50 years of deadly force research. This article uses Philadelphia Police Department shooting data to explore the potential for police shootings to become contagious. The article provides a testable definition of contagious shootings and identifies predictors of three outcomes: multiple officer shootings, the average number of shots fired per officer, and multi officer, multi shot incidents. Findings show that the requisite preconditions for a contagious shooting rarely occur, and when the preconditions were met, there is no evidence to support the existence of a contagion effect.
Digital Twins Assisted Design of Next Generation Advanced Controllers for Power Systems and Electronics: Wind Turbine as a Case Study
Year: 2020

This paper proposes a novel adaptive controller based on digital twin (DT) by integrating software in loop (SIL) and hardware in loop (HIL) This work aims to reduce the difference between the SIL controller and its physical controller counterpart using the DT concept. To highlight the applicability of the suggested methodology, the regulation control of a horizontal variable speed wind turbine (WT) is considered for the design and assessment purposes. In the presented digital twin framework, the active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is implemented for the pitch angle control of the WT plant in both SIL and HIL environments. The design of the ADRC controllers in the DT framework is accomplished by adopting deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) in two stages: i by employing a fitness evaluation of wind speed error, the internal coefficients of HIL controller are adjusted based on DDPG for the regulation of WT plant, and ii the difference between the rotor speed waveforms in HIL and SIL are reduced by DDPG to obtain a similar output behavior of the system in these environments. Some examinations based on DT are conducted to validate the effectiveness, high dynamic performance, robustness and adaptability of the suggested method in comparison to the prevalent state of the art techniques. The suggested controller is seen to be significantly more efficient especially in the compensation of high aerodynamic variations, unknown uncertainties and also mechanical stresses on the plant drive train.
Actualizacion sobre las principales causas del colico medico equino
Year: 2019

El colico equino es una de las enfermedades mas frecuentes y una de las causas mas comunes de mortalidad en el caballo. Los signos de colico pueden estar originados por multiples causas. El objetivo de este articulo es revisar las principales causas gastrointestinales de colico medico en el caballo adulto incluyendo obstrucciones simples del estomago, intestino delgado, ciego, colon mayor y colon menor; causas inflamatorias como la enteritis, colitis y peritonitis; y neoplasia como el linfoma alimentario y el carcinoma de celulas escamosas. Se detallan los principales avances recientes descritos sobre estas enfermedades.
Patterns and collective behavior in granular media: Theoretical concepts
Year: 2006

Granular materials are ubiquitous in our daily lives. While they have been a subject of intensive engineering research for centuries, in the last decade granular matter attracted significant attention of physicists. Yet despite a major efforts by many groups, the theoretical description of granular systems remains largely a plethora of different, often contradicting concepts and approaches. Authors give an overview of various theoretical models emerged in the physics of granular matter, with the focus on the onset of collective behavior and pattern formation. Their aim is two fold: to identify general principles common for granular systems and other complex non equilibrium systems, and to elucidate important distinctions between collective behavior in granular and continuum pattern forming systems.
Macroeconomic Potentials of Transatlantic Free Trade: A High Resolution Perspective for Europe and the World
Year: 2014

Critics of the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) dismiss its potential welfare gains as small compared with its risks. We contribute to this debate by investigating the driving forces behind the magnitudes of the estimated welfare gains using the structurally estimated general equilibrium trade model by Egger and Larch (2011) for 173 countries. In our baseline scenario, the TTIP amounts to a reduction of ad valorem trade costs across the Atlantic between 16 and 26 percentage points. We find that the TTIP could yield substantial gains for the EU (3.9% the United States (4.9% and the world +1.6% While welfare gains are heterogeneous within the EU, the TTIP does not systematically favour richer or more central member states. The majority of third countries would be negatively affected (0.9% on average) We identify as key drivers for the magnitudes of the welfare effects different assumptions about trade cost specifications, about the assumed trade cost reducing potential of the TTIP, about different levels of aggregation, and about the regulatory spill overs of the TTIP on third countries. Our insights on the drivers for the welfare effects help to understand differences across current evaluations of the TTIP.
Strategic management and business policy achieving sustainability
Year: 2009

Part One:  TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS POLICY Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in Strategic Management Chapter 2. Corporate Governance Chapter 3. Ethics and Social Responsibility in Strategic Management Part Two: SCANNING THE ENVIRONMENT Chapter 4. Environmental Scanning Industry Analysis Chapter 5. Internal Scanning Organizational Analysis Part Three: STRATEGY FORMULATION Chapter 6. Strategy  Situation Analysis Business Strategy Chapter 7. Strategy  Corporate Strategy Chapter 8. Strategy  Functional Strategy Strategic Choice Part Four: STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL Chapter 9.  Organizing for Action Chapter 10.  Staffing Directing Chapter 11.  TO CASE ANALYSIS Chapter 12. Suggestions for Case Analysis Part Six: WEB CHAPTERS: OTHER STRATEGIC ISSUES Web Chapter A. Strategic Issues in Managing Technology Innovation Web Chapter B. Strategic Issues in Entrepreneurial Ventures Small Businesses Web Chapter C. Strategic Issues in Not For Profit Organizations Part Seven: CASES IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Section A. Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility Section B. Business Ethics Section C. International Issues in Strategic Management Section D. General Issues in Strategic Management Section E. Mini Cases
Annotated Corpus of Czech Case Law for Reference Recognition Tasks
Venue: TSD
Year: 2018

We describe an annotated corpus of 350 decisions of Czech top tier courts which was gathered for a project assessing the relevance of court decisions in Czech law. We describe two layers of processing of the corpus; every decision was annotated by two trained annotators and then manually adjudicated by one trained curator to solve possible disagreements between annotators. This corpus was developed as training and testing material for reference recognition tasks which will be further used for research on assessment of legal importance. However, the overall shortage of available research corpora of annotated legal texts, particularly in Czech language, leads us to believe that other research teams may find it useful.
Gestion convivencia escolar: Del aseguramiento a la necesidad de fortalecer la formacion socioemocional
Year: 2020

espanolEl proposito fue evaluar las practicas de gestion de la convivencia en establecimientos escolares. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseno no experimental, se aplico un cuestionario de Convivencia Escolar a 1408 estudiantes de ensenanza general basica y se realizo analisis comparativo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para todas las dimensiones segun el tipo de institucion; las practicas formales de "aseguramiento" son las mas fortalecidas, en cambio la "formacion para la no violencia" resultaron las mas debilitadas. Los hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de robustecer la formacion en todas las instituciones para promover ambientes escolares donde todos aprendan y se sientan bien tratados. EnglishThe purpose was to assess the practices of management of coexistence in schools. From a quantitative approach and a nonexperimental design, it was applied a questionnaire of school coexistence to 1408 students of basic general education; a comparative analysis was performed. There were significant differences for all dimensions depending on the type of institution; "assurance" formal practices are the most strengthened, instead of "training for nonviolence" were the most weakened. The findings show the need to strengthen training in all the institutions to promote school environments where all learn and feel well treated.