nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5 x 5 cm2 protonic ceramic fuel cell with a power density of 1.3 W cm 2 at 600 degC
Year: 2018

In spite of various advantages of protonic ceramic fuel cells over conventional fuel cells, distinct scepticism currently remains about their applicability because of lower than predicted performance and difficulty with scale up. These challenges mainly stem from the refractory nature of proton conducting ceramic electrolytes and the low chemical stability of these materials during the sintering process. Here, we present the fabrication of a physically thin, structurally dense and chemically homogeneous electrolyte, BaCe0.55Zr0.3Y0.15O3 d (BCZY3) through a facile anode assisted densification of the electrolyte on a structurally and compositionally uniform anode support, which resulted in breakthroughs in performance and scalability. A BCZY3 based protonic ceramic fuel cell with a size of 5 x 5 cm2 exhibits an area specific ohmic resistance of 0.09 O cm2 and delivers a power as high as 20.8 W per single cell at 600 degC.Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) operate at lower temperatures than solid oxide fuel cells but suffer from lower performances, especially during scale up. Here, the authors report a 25 cm2 PCFC based on a BaCe0.55Zr0.3Y0.15O3 d electrolyte that displays a record high power density of 20.8 W at 600 degC.
Application of blockchain technology to enhance data security of the medical records
Year: 2019

Blockchain is a rapidly evolving data security practice which employs a growing list of records linked using cryptographic hash of the block proceeding, a timestamp and transaction data. Electronic medical records (EMR) are gaining popularity in health sector. Most of these EMRs are based on relational databases. Data tampering is a known issue found in relational data base approach and it is fairly simple to alter a relational data base record with the administrative privileges. This research explores the potentials of blockchain technology with its resistant to modification of the data, as a tamper protection mechanism for medical records.  A blockchain based program was developed using Proof of Work, to maintain the integrity of the digital record independent of access permissions. This was preceded by a series of interviews with clinicians and EMR administers to understand the possible data tampering in association with paper based and electronic medical records in the State health sector of Sri Lanka. The blockchain algorithm was applied to the Hospital Health Information Management System (HHIMS) clinical database. A security audit was used to assess the tamper protection capabilities of the relational database.  It was possible to incorporate the blockchain algorithm to the relational database of Hospital HHIMS successfully. An independent blockchain based data repository was created in association with the native data base of HHIMS. With this approach, a 'block' is being created for each new record added to HHIMS database. Hence, the blockchain generated was instrumental in verifying the authenticity of EMR transactions.  With the increasing penetration of EMR in health sector, the integrity of the digital stored clinical data is becoming a vital necessity. In centralized database administration, possibility of tampering is high. Clinical data can be counted as 'high risk' for such occurrences. The blockchain technology found to be capable of making relational data base tamper protected by verifying the authenticity of the transactions and data being stored in HHIMS.
The Metacognitive Reading Strategies Employed by Jordanian English as a Foreign Language Students at Al Balqa Applied University
Year: 2017

This paper reports a study that investigated the general use of met cognitive reading strategies by Al Balqa Applied University EFL students. The Survey of Reading Strategies Questionnaire (SORS) Mokhtari and Sheory, 2002) was administered to the 86 male and female participants during the second semester of the academic year 2016/2017. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics to reveal the frequency and type of strategies utilized by the sample participants. The results obtained illustrated that Al Balqa Applied University EFL learners are high users of the three types of meta cognitive reading strategies (M 3.6023, S.D. 1.3189) and the most frequently used strategies were problem solving (M 3.8081, S.D. 1.0610) followed by support strategies (M 3.5393. S.D. 1.2301) and then global strategies (M 3.5169, S.D. =1.5392) It is recommended that further studies of this kind should be conducted to achieve a deeper understanding of Jordanian EFL learners' strategy use. Further studies dealing with how the gender and major of the students affect their use of these strategies are also of great importance. Studies like these can assist teachers and curricula planners deal more successfully with the future needs of the educational sector in Jordan.  Metacognitive, Reading Strategies, Support Strategies, Global Strategies, Problem Solving Strategies, English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
Directional field dependence of tunable magnetic domains in noncentrosymmetric ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi
Year: 2021

Dynamics and textures of magnetic domain walls (DWs) may largely alter the electronic behaviors in a Weyl semimetal system via emergent gauge fields. However, very little is known about even the basic properties of these domain walls in Weyl materials. In this work, we imaged the spontaneous magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnetic (FM) Weyl semimetal CeAlSi using scanning SQUID microscopy. We observed the ferromagnetic DWs lined up with the [100] direction (or other degenerate directions) We also discovered the coexistence of stable and metastable domain phases, which arise likely due to magnetoelastic and magnetostriction effects and are expected to be highly tunable with small strains. We applied an in plane external field as the CeAlSi sample was cooled down to below the magnetic phase transition of 8.3K, showing that the pattern of FM domains is strongly correlated with both the amplitude and the orientation of the external field even for weak fields of a few Gauss. The area of stable domains increases with field and reaches maximum when the field is parallel to the main crystallographic axes of the CeAlSi crystal. Our results suggest that the manipulation of these heterogeneous phases can provide a practical way to study the interplay between magnetism and electronic properties in Weyl systems, and that these systems can even serve as a new platform for magnetic sensors.
Hormonal impact on photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants.
Venue: Plant physiology
Year: 2021

Photosynthesis is not only essential for plants, but it also sustains life on Earth. Phytohormones play crucial roles in developmental processes, from organ initiation to senescence, due to their role as growth and developmental regulators, as well as their central role in the regulation of photosynthesis. Furthermore, phytohormones play a major role in photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions. Here, in addition to discussing our current knowledge on the role of the phytohormones auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and strigolactones in promoting photosynthesis, we will also highlight the role of abscisic acid beyond stomatal closure in modulating photosynthesis and photoprotection under various stress conditions through crosstalk with ethylene, salicylates, jasmonates, and brassinosteroids. Furthermore, the role of phytohormones in controlling the production and scavenging of photosynthesis derived reactive oxygen species, the duration and extent of photo oxidative stress and redox signaling under stress conditions will be discussed in detail. Hormones have a significant impact on the regulation of photosynthetic processes in plants under both optimal and stress conditions, with hormonal interactions, complementation, and crosstalk being important in the spatiotemporal and integrative regulation of photosynthetic processes during organ development at the whole plant level.
Poly(ionic liquid)s as phase transporter for graphene oxide liquid crystals from aqueous to non polar organic phase via noncovalent functionalization
Year: 2019

We synthesise a novel poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and develop a procedure that allows the phase transfer of graphene oxides (GO) from water to organic solvent, retaining graphene oxide liquid crystal (GOLC) phase in various organic solvents, especially non polar organic solvents. PIL [PEP MIM]DBS) is exploited in this procedure as a noncovalent functional material that is capable of transporting GO from aqueous to non polar organic phase. PILs can decorate GO noncovalently and keep GO nano sheets exfoliated in solid state PILs/GO hybrids, which can well redisperse in organic solvents without any agglomeration. This expands the number of known solvents which can support GOLC phase to dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and a number of other non polar organic solvents, many of which were not known to afford GOLC phase prior to this report, such as dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethane and tetrachloroethane.
Algorithms for Crystal Structure Determination in Macromolecular Crystallography
Year: 2019

X ray crystallography has been the leading technique for structure determination since the discovery of the diffraction of X rays by crystals by Max von Laue. In this thesis the crystal structure of human ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 5 (cln5) is described for the first time. The structure solution is the basis to further the understanding of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 5 (NCL 5) disease, since now structural homologues can be described, and it becomes possible to deduce a function for the protein cln5. The program PDB2INS was developed as a bridge for the refinement of macromolecular crystallography data with the program SHELXL. As part of this thesis the development of the program, its functions, and capabilities are described. In 1961, A. Rich, D. Davies, F. Crick and J. Watson proposed a parallel double helix ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure for poly(rA) Here high resolution data of poly(rA) is presented and analyzed in the context of multi crystal averaging. The analysis is part of the effort to implement this function into SHELXC by G. M. Sheldrick.
Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles.
Venue: Nanomedicine nanotechnology, biology, and medicine
Year: 2007

The antimicrobial effects of silver (Ag) ion or salts are well known, but the effects of Ag nanoparticles on microorganisms and antimicrobial mechanism have not been revealed clearly. Stable Ag nanoparticles were prepared and their shape and size distribution characterized by particle characterizer and transmission electron microscopic study. The antimicrobial activity of Ag nanoparticles was investigated against yeast, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. In these tests, Muller Hinton agar plates were used and Ag nanoparticles of various concentrations were supplemented in liquid systems. As results, yeast and E. coli were inhibited at the low concentration of Ag nanoparticles, whereas the growth inhibitory effects on S. aureus were mild. The free radical generation effect of Ag nanoparticles on microbial growth inhibition was investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. These results suggest that Ag nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to diverse medical devices and antimicrobial control systems.
Effects of stress on immune function: the good, the bad, and the beautiful
Venue: Immunologic research
Year: 2014

Although the concept of stress has earned a bad reputation, it is important to recognize that the adaptive purpose of a physiological stress response is to promote survival during fight or flight. While long term stress is generally harmful, short term stress can be protective as it prepares the organism to deal with challenges. This review discusses the immune effects of biological stress responses that can be induced by psychological, physiological, or physical (including exercise) stressors. We have proposed that short term stress is one of the nature's fundamental but under appreciated survival mechanisms that could be clinically harnessed to enhance immunoprotection. Short term (i.e. lasting for minutes to hours) stress experienced during immune activation enhances innate/primary and adaptive/secondary immune responses. Mechanisms of immuno enhancement include changes in dendritic cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte trafficking, maturation, and function as well as local and systemic production of cytokines. In contrast, long term stress suppresses or dysregulates innate and adaptive immune responses by altering the Type 1 Type 2 cytokine balance, inducing low grade chronic inflammation, and suppressing numbers, trafficking, and function of immunoprotective cells. Chronic stress may also increase susceptibility to some types of cancer by suppressing Type 1 cytokines and protective T cells and increasing regulatory/suppressor T cell function. Here, we classify immune responses as being protective, pathological, or regulatory, and discuss "good" versus "bad" effects of stress on health. Thus, short term stress can enhance the acquisition and/or expression of immunoprotective (wound healing, vaccination, anti infectious agent, anti tumor) or immuno pathological (pro inflammatory, autoimmune) responses. In contrast, chronic stress can suppress protective immune responses and/or exacerbate pathological immune responses. Studies such as the ones discussed here could provide mechanistic targets and conceptual frameworks for pharmacological and/or biobehavioral interventions designed to enhance the effects of "good" stress, minimize the effects of "bad" stress, and maximally promote health and healing.
Compensation of Parameter Uncertainty Using an Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Strategy for an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
Venue: IEEE Access
Year: 2019

This paper designs an adaptive sliding mode speed controller (ASMSC) that can compensate for parameter uncertainty of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive. Unlike the previous control systems, the proposed ASMSC guarantees a precise speed tracking capability in the presence of severe parameter variations without accurate knowledge on the motor parameter values and uncertainty bounds. In particular, the proposed adaptive switching gain tuning (ASGT) term can effectively solve the excessive input energy consumption problem due to an unnecessarily overestimated switching gain. Next, the convergence and stability analysis are proven through a Lyapunov function. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified via experimental results using a prototype IPMSM test bed with a TI TMS320F28335 digital signal processor. In this paper, the proposed SMSC is investigated with two control terms: without an ASGT term and with an ASGT term. In addition, the conventional proportional integral speed controller and conventional linear matrix inequalities based sliding mode speed controller are chosen for the performance comparison. Finally, the proposed ASMSC can assure more robust and faster speed performances against the parameter uncertainty under three dynamic load conditions.
Pregnancy Anaemia Prevalence and Associated Factors among Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Debre Berhan Health Institutions, Ethiopia
Year: 2014

Back ground: Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. Anaemia in pregnancy is a condition with effects that may be deleterious to mothers and fetuses. Indeed, it is a known risk factor for many maternal and fetal complications.  The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among women attending Ante Natal Care Service in North Shoa, Ethiopia.  Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted among women attending ante natal care in Debre Berhan Health institutions from September to December 2013. A total of 295 study participants completed the study yielding response rate of 89.4% All respondents coming to ante natal care service since the initiation of data collection and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in to the study. Antenatal care service providers in the respective health facilities collected the data by interview and laboratory tests. Descriptive and analytical statistics were computed using SPSS version 16. Odds Ratios, P values and 95% CIs the analytical statistics from bivariate and multi variate logstic regression were used to identify predictor variables associated with the dependent variable anaemia.  A total of 295 participants completed the study making the response rate of 89.4% The mean age of the participants was (25.6 5.4) the minimum and maximum age being 16 and 40 years old respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 9.7% out of which 64.3% 32.1% and 3.6% respondents were with mild, moderate and severe anaemia respectively. Nausea and vomiting during the current pregnancy was identified significantly associated with anaemia.  Anaemia prevalence was found to be 9.7% and knowledge of mothers about anaemia and nausea and vomiting were significantly associated with anemia.
Touching the elephant: The search for fluid intelligence
Venue: Applied neuropsychology. Child
Year: 2017

Many constructs that we take for granted in modern neuropsychology, fluid intelligence among them, can best be explained by conceptionalizing them as a collection of task specific processes engaged in by an integrated recruited network involved in problem solving. Fractionalizing the network in an attempt to describe elements of its function leads to arbitrarily defined segments that may be interesting to discuss abstractly, but never occur independently in the real world operation of the system. We will seek to demonstrate that the construct of fluid intelligence is like that. It is a description of a type of operation of a network dedicated to solving problems and the composition of the network that is responsible for the activity changes in a task specific manner. As a result, fluid intelligence is not an independent skill, or a thing that lives on its own, or can be measured independently of the other things that contribute to the overall operation of the network as it seeks to solve problems.
Determination of outcomes of complex upper end tibial fractures in squatting and cross leg sitting South Asian population.
Venue: Injury
Year: 2020

Treatment of complex upper end tibial fractures has always been a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Though the roentgenogram results are satisfactory, the clinical and functional outcomes especially in terms of squatting/cross leg sitting after long term follow up are little known. Hence, we have done this study with a primary aim to assess the clinico radiological and functional outcomes after operative fixation (mostly by locking plates) in complex upper end tibial fractures and a secondary aim to analyze correlation between functional outcome scores/range of motion (ROM) and the ability to squat sit cross legged in post operative period.  This prospective study included a total of 33 patients who were mainly treated with locking plates. In the follow up, patients were assessed clinico radiologically and outcome measurements were determined using the Tegner Lysholm (T L) Knee Score. Patients were categorized according to their ability to squat/sit cross legged and a subgroup analysis was performed by comparing mean ROM and T L score in each group.  Majority of patients were in young and adult age group with a male to female ratio of 4.5:1. The average age was 42.39 14.64 years. Road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury. Average time interval between injury and surgery was 5.8+ 4.4 days. All the fractures united by 5 9 months. Mean ROM and T L score at last follow up were 120.94deg+ 13.63deg and 88.12+ 7.24 respectively. Average shortening, varus and valgus deformity were 0.43+ 0.09 cm, 2.12deg+ 0.62deg and 1.06deg+ 0.45deg respectively. 14 patients (42.42% were able to squat and 15 (45.45% were able to sit cross legged postoperatively. Upon subgroup analysis, difference of mean ROM in those who could squat/sit cross legged was found statistically significant (p<=0.05) however the difference in mean functional scores was not significant (p>=0.05)  Complex upper tibial fractures are a difficult entity to deal with. Anatomical locking plates take care of the alignment, articular congruity as well as ligamentous balancing thus giving good mid term outcomes after ORIF/MIPO. However, applicability of the present functional outcome scores in assessing squatting/cross leg sitting remains doubtful. More weightage needs to be given to these activities to evaluate the outcome in South Asian population.
Narrowband deep blue organic light emitting diode featuring an organoboron based emitter
Venue: Nature Photonics
Year: 2019

Luminescent materials that exhibit narrowband emission are vital for full colour displays. Here, we report a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material that exhibits ultrapure blue emission with full width at half maximum of just 14 nm. The emitter consists of five benzene rings connected by two boron and four nitrogen atoms and two diphenylamino substituents. The multiple resonance effect of the boron and nitrogen atoms induces significant localization of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals on different atoms to minimize not only the vibronic coupling between the ground state (S0) and the singlet excited state (S1) but also the energy gap between the S1 state and triplet excited state (T1) Organic light emitting diode devices employing the emitter emit light at 469 nm with full width at half maximum of 18 nm with an external quantum efficiency of 34.4% at the maximum and 26.0% at 1,000 cd m 2.A blue emitter based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence is narrowband and efficient.
Achieving Fairness through Adversarial Learning: an Application to Recidivism Prediction
Venue: ArXiv
Year: 2018

Recidivism prediction scores are used across the USA to determine sentencing and supervision for hundreds of thousands of inmates. One such generator of recidivism prediction scores is Northpointe's Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS) score, used in states like California and Florida, which past research has shown to be biased against black inmates according to certain measures of fairness. To counteract this racial bias, we present an adversarially trained neural network that predicts recidivism and is trained to remove racial bias. When comparing the results of our model to COMPAS, we gain predictive accuracy and get closer to achieving two out of three measures of fairness: parity and equality of odds. Our model can be generalized to any prediction and demographic. This piece of research contributes an example of scientific replication and simplification in a high stakes real world application like recidivism prediction.
Engineering Advanced Training Environment for Crisis Management: The Pandora Project
Year: 2011

The paper describes the technical framework of a near real life training environment for learning activities suitable for training in crisis scenarios. The underlying architecture features a design that makes provision for a learning environment capable of training collaborative, as well as independent, decision making skills among crisis managers in potential crisis situations. Modelling the training scenarios takes into consideration both the pragmatic nature of responding to crisis, as well as the human behavioural factors involved in dealing with situations of chaos and uncertainty. This work is part of ongoing research on the Pandora1 project, which aims to provide a near real training environment at affordable cost.