nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Mode and Partition Decision Using Machine Learning for Intra-Frame Coding in HEVC Screen Content Coding Extension

This paper presents a fast mode and partition decision framework for screen content coding (SCC) based on machine learning. Extensive statistical studies and complexity evaluations are conducted to explore the distribution of different coding modes and their complexities. The proposed encoder scheme is designed based on the results from these studies. Firstly, a CU is classified as either a natural image block (NIB) or a screen content block (SCB). An SCB only goes through SCC modes at the current CU level. An NIB is further classified as “ partitioned” or “ non-partitioned”. The partitioned block will bypass current level intra modes. The non-partitioned block is classified as “ directional” or “ non-directional” and only goes through a subset of intra candidates. Decision tree classifiers are designed with chosen features that can distinguish different types of blocks. Furthermore, additional mode/partition checking is terminated once the current mode coding rate is lower than a statistics-based threshold. Compared with HEVC-SCC reference software, our proposed fast encoder can balance the encoding efficiency and complexity by adjusting decision confidence thresholds and rate thresholds. Under all-intra configurations, our “ rate-distortion preserving” setting can achieve 40% complexity reduction with only 1.46% BD-loss. Our “ complexity-reduction boosting” setting can achieve 52% complexity reduction with 3.65% BD-loss.
Label-free detection of p53 antibody using a microcantilever biosensor with piezoresistive readout

We report the detection of p53 antibody as a biomarker for early-stage cancer diagnosis using a microcantilever biosensor with piezoresistive readout. The accumulation of p53 antibody in human sera is found strongly involved in a variety of human cancers, thus simple and fast detection of the level of p53 antibody is of importance in clinical application. In this work, p53 antigen is immobilized on the surface of the microcantilever as a recognition probe to detect p53 antibody by measuring the deflection of the microcantilever using integrated piezoresistors, which is caused by the changes of the surface stress as a result of the specific bioaffinity between the antigen and the antibody. Quantitative detection of p53 antibody ranging from 20ng/ml to 20µg/ml has been achieved. Compared with conventional ELISA or immunofluorescene assay, the microcantilever sensor has the advantages of label-free operation, fast detection, and low cost.
Design and fabrication of a test chip for 3D integration process evaluation

Process compatibility evaluation and mechanical stress test are of great importance for 3D integration processes. This paper presents the design and fabrication of a test chip to evaluate a newly developed 3D integration scheme. For CMOS-compatibility evaluation, individual CMOS devices and integrated circuit modules together with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) are designed. To demonstrate the functionality of 3D integration, CMOS loop oscillators comprising 21 stage CMOS inverters located on two separate device wafers and interconnected with TSVs are designed. Mechanical stresses on the device substrate induced by 3D process are quantitatively evaluated by employing a 16×16 CMOS stress sensor array. The electrical performance of the TSVs is also characterized using special test structures. The test chip and its functions can be used to evaluate different 3D TSV processes.
An Open-configuration Electrowetting-based Biofluidics Actuation for Preventing Biomolecular Adsorption

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a new method for moving liquids in micro-total-analysis system. One of the biggest challenges for all EWOD-based biofluidic chips is preventing and minimizing nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules on the hydrophobic surfaces. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally analyze the adsorption in EWOD, which is mainly induced by hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic attraction. An open-configuration EWOD with only one hydrophobic surface, instead of the traditional sandwiched EWOD with two hydrophobic surfaces, is exploited to minimize the hydrophobic interaction. The manipulation modes are also optimized to decrease electrostatic attraction by limiting the duty-ratio of the applied pulse voltage. In experiments, the analyte is a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of 10 mug/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution with pH 7.4 phosphate buffers and 10 mug/ml hen egg white lysozyme solution with pH 7.4 phosphate buffers. A rapid transportation speed of the 1.5 mul mixture droplet as high as 14 mm/s is successfully achieved in air by applying a 2.5 Hz 40 Vdc pulse voltage with the 12.5% duty-ratio. The fabrication process of the silicon-substrate actuator is IC compatible, thus a miniaturized biofluidic system integrated with peripheral circuits is technically feasible
Automatic recognition of audio event using dynamic local binary patterns

This work proposes an automatic recognition system for recognizing audio events. First, an audio signal is converted into a spectrogram by short time Fourier transform. The acoustic background noises in the spectrogram are reduced by box filtering. The contrast of the spectrogram is then enhanced by VAR operation. With the enhanced spectrogram, this work further proposes a novel dynamic local binary pattern (DLBP) feature based on human auditory system. Finally, the DLBP features are fed to multi-class support vector machines to achieve the audio event recognition. The experimental results on 16 classes of audio events demonstrate the performance of the proposed audio event recognition system.
Bifurcation analysis and operation region estimation of current-mode-controlled SIDO boost converter

To analyse the stable operation range with varied input and output voltages, bifurcation behaviours and operation region of current-mode-controlled single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converter are investigated. The inductor current borders and one-dimensional discrete-mapping model are deduced firstly. On the basis of the model, the bifurcation diagram and corresponding Lyapunov exponent spectrum are analysed. Two transition conditions and boundary equations of the converter are derived, where its working state transits from stability to instability, and its operation mode shifts from continuous conduction mode (CCM) to discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The operation region with different circuit parameters can be estimated and divided through the parameter space maps, which is significant for the design of circuit parameters and stability control. Time-domain simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis results. The research results show that the three kinds of bifurcation behaviours including period-doubling bifurcation, border collision bifurcation, and tangential bifurcation exist in the current-mode-controlled SIDO boost converters. Different from the previous works, the SIDO boost converter has a particular bifurcation trend when border collisions occur. The trend includes that operation mode shifts from CCM to DCM and then backs to CCM, and system period increases or decreases doubly.
Macro-monitoring and evaluation of mining ecosystem based on HJ satellite — Taking Shenfudongsheng mining as an example

With Shenfudongsheng Mining as the study area, calculating the net primary productivity of vegetation based on HJ data, combined with the landscape indices, the author constructed the macro-structure model of mining ecosystem, and dynamically evaluated the mining ecological structure. The results showed that: Shenfudongsheng mining vegetation productivity is very poor, by calculating the average NPP in 12 months. In August, the max NPP were about 44.785 gCm−2a−1. The spatial distribution of NPP was gradually descending from the northeast to southeast. The entire mining area index of the macro-structure was 35.1518, which is slant small, the overall evaluation was poor, and the ecological structure extremely fragile, consistent with the actual investigation, which should be paid more attention.
Optimal pairwise correlating transforms for multiple description coding

Multiple description coding (MDC) addresses the problem of encoding a source into two (or more) bitstreams such that a high-quality reconstruction is decodable from the two bitstreams together, while a lower, but still acceptable, quality reconstruction is decodable if either of the two bitstreams is lost. Recent research has proposed using transforms to introduce a controlled amount of correlation between the two bitstreams in order to achieve MDC objectives. This paper considers several optimality issues related to such transform based MDC methods. Redundancy rate-distortion (RRD) performance of a general class of transforms is derived and used to identify the optimal transform for achieving any given amount of redundancy. Then, the paper introduces a more general transform-based MDC framework incorporating both the transform mode of redundancy and a second mode of redundancy. The optimal allocation of redundancy among these two modes is analyzed.
Seizure detection and prediction through clustering and temporal analysis of micro electrocorticographic data

We have developed flexible, active, multiplexed recording devices for high resolution recording over large, clinically relevant areas in the brain. While this technology has enabled a much higher-resolution view of the electrical activity of the brain, the analytical methods to process, categorize and respond to the huge volumes of data produced by these devices have not yet been developed. In our previous work, we applied advanced video analysis techniques to segment electrographic spikes, extracted features from the identified segments, and then used clustering methods (particularly Dirichlet Process Mixture models) to group similar spatiotemporal spike patterns. From this analysis, we were able to identify common spike motion patterns. In this paper, we explored the possibility of detecting and predicting seizures in this dataset using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to characterize the temporal dynamics of spike cluster labels. HMM and other supervised learning methods are united under the same framework to perform seizure detection and prediction. These methods have been applied to in-vivo feline seizure recordings and yielded promising results.
Polarization Switching and Hysteresis of VCSELs With Time-Varying Optical Injection

We study the influence of time-varying orthogonal optical injection on polarization switching (PS) of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Three cases are considered: scanning injection strength, and scanning frequency detuning in two different reference ranges. In all the three cases, fast sweep rates make PSs happen at higher (lower) values for upward (downward) scans, and thus enlarge the hysteresis region. Furthermore, types of PS and the emission states of the laser can be controlled, if the scanning parameter and scanning range are chosen properly. Statistical analysis indicates PS for the third case is not so stable as that for the first two cases.
A wavelet-based multiresolution regularized least squares reconstruction approach for optical tomography

The authors present a wavelet-based multigrid approach to solve the perturbation equation encountered in optical tomography. With this scheme, the unknown image, the data, as well as the weight matrix are all represented by wavelet expansions, thus yielding a multiresolution representation of the original perturbation equation in the wavelet domain. This transformed equation is then solved using a multigrid scheme, by which an increasing portion of wavelet coefficients of the unknown image are solved in successive approximations. One can also quickly identify regions of interest (ROI's) from a coarse level reconstruction and restrict the reconstruction in the following fine resolutions to those regions. At each resolution level a regularized least squares solution is obtained using the conjugate gradient descent method. This approach has been applied to continuous wave data calculated based on the diffusion approximation of several two-dimensional (2-D) test media. Compared to a previously reported one grid algorithm, the multigrid method requires substantially shorter computation time under the same reconstruction quality criterion.
SVM-Based Approximate Model Control for Electronic Throttle Valve

An electronic throttle is a dc-motor-driven valve that regulates air inflow into the combustion system of an engine. The throttle control system should ensure fast and accurate reference tracking of the valve plate angle while preventing excessive wear of the throttle's components by constraining physical variables to their normal-operation domains. These high-quality control demands are hard to accomplish since the plant is burdened with the strong effects of stick-slip friction, a spring, and gear backlash. This paper proposes a support vector machine (SVM)-based approximate model control for the electronic throttle. The nonlinear control law is derived directly based on an input-output approximation method via the Taylor expansion, which avoids not only complex control development and intensive computation but also online learning or adjustment. Only a general SVM modeling technique is involved in both model identification and controller implementation. The robustness of the stability is established by the Lyapunov method. The proposed nonlinear controller is verified by computer simulations and experiments.
Analysis and modeling of regional MF coupling system-research based on CAS theory

The regional MF system has its own evolution mechanism. In order to promote the regional economic sustainable development, this paper proposes a conception that building a regional MF coupling system coordinating regional economic development. First this paper gives the structure of regional MF coupling system. The regional MF coupling system is a complex system containing a variety of adaptive agents, which are the regional MF supply agents, the regional MF demand agents, the regional MF intermediary agents, and the regional MF policy agents. All of the agents in the system are interrelated and interact on each other, so as to promote the development and evolution of the whole system. Then based on CAS theory, the character and mechanism of this system are analyzed. Finally, an adaptive agents model is provided, and its operation mode is analyzed.
Efficient substream encoding and transmission for P2P video on demand

In a P2P VoD system, the rate at which peers receive video fluctuates due to peer churn. Although scalable video coding has the potential to adapt to long-term rate variations, existing scalable video schemes have not been tailored for P2P systems for which substreams emanate from churning peers. In this paper we propose a new multi-stream coding and transmission scheme, Redundancy-Free Multiple Description (RFMD) Coding and Transmission, that has been designed for P2P VoD systems. Unlike layered video, with RFMD all substreams have equal importance. Thus, video quality gracefully degrades as substreams are lost, independently of which particular substreams are lost. Furthermore, only the source bits are collectively transmitted by the supplying peers. Thus, all transmitted bits contribute to improve video quality. Finally, RFMD can be used to create any number of descriptions. We conduct an extensive simulation study, comparing single layer coding with highrate erasure codes, layered coding, multiple description coding (MD-FEC) and RFMD. The simulations show that RFMD performs best in a variety of representative scenarios.
An AVPG for SOC design verification with port order fault model

Embedded cores are being increasingly used in the design of large system-on-a chip (SoC). Because the high complexity of SoC, the design verification is a challenge for system integrator. To reduce the verification complexity, the port order fault (POF) model has been used for verifying the core-based design. In this paper, we present a verification scheme and an automatic verification pattern generation (AVPG) system based on POF model.
Energy-Efficiency-Based Gait Control System Architecture and Algorithm for Biped Robots

A novel systematic architecture and algorithm of gait control based on energy-efficiency optimization is represented, aiming at the fatal problem of high energy consumption for biped robots walking in unstructured environments. By designing an optimal controller to minimize the energy criterion, the proposed method provides a remarkable descend rate of energy consumption in the trunk-rotation walking mechanism. The proposed algorithm is able to optimize the trunk trajectory by minimizing the energy-related cost function while guaranteeing zero-moment point (ZMP) criterion. Simulations and experimental results show the validity of the method.
Research about adaptive equalizer in simulation communication channel

In this paper, we discuss the simulation research of an adaptive [A&SL1] equalization system which was applied in a sixteen-level Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16 QAM) Demodulator. This simulation system implements adaptive equalization for QAM signal which transmits in a complex Gaussian white noise disturbed communication channel. The complex Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm is the equalizer core to rectify the adaptive equalizer tap weights.
Quantized consensus with finite data rate under directed topologies

This paper investigates the consensus problems in directed networks under communication constraints. Each agent has a real-valued state but can only exchange finitely many bits information with its neighbors at each time step. Based on dynamic difference encoding and decoding, a distributed algorithm is proposed to achieve quantized consensus asymptotically with as few as only one bit information exchange at each time step. The upper bound of asymptotic convergence rate and the group decision value are given. Furthermore, simulations are provided that demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Shifted sequence padding TDS-OFDM modulation scheme

Time domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) modulation scheme offers higher spectrum efficiency than that by cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM technique, but at the same time it increases computational complexity on the receiver side. And under time-varying channel conditions, residual inter-symbol-interference (ISI) due to imperfect channel estimation causes performance loss. Dual PN-sequence padding (DPNP) was later proposed to simplify equalization and to improve mobile reception at the cost of spectrum efficiency decrease. In this paper, an improved TDS-OFDM modulation scheme, shifted sequence padding (SSP), is proposed. Keeping low computational complexity provided by DPNP, it increases spectrum efficiency up to 8%, and offers more flexibility for receivers to adjust channel estimation approach according to channel conditions and complexity requirements. And it could be extended to support flexible physical frame structure.
Shuffled frog-leaping algorithm based batch scheduling in semiconductor furnace

An effective shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) is proposed in this paper to solve the batch scheduling problem in semiconductor furnace. To map integer matrix based individuals to feasible schedules, a new bi-sequence based decoding method is presented. To balance exploration and exploitation capabilities, a crossover scheme and a local search operator for the specific problem are incorporated in the framework of the SFLA. Finally, numerical testing results are provided based on three instances and a real case. The comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A 1-V DTMOS-Based fully differential telescopic OTA

The dynamic threshold MOSFET (DIMOS) in standard CMOS technology can be realized by connecting the body of a PMOS to the gate. The threshold voltage of a DTMOS transistor is reduced by forward bias of the source-body PN junction, making it possible to operate in low voltage circuits. In this paper, we propose a 1-V DTMOS-Based fully differential telescopic cascade OTA. The output swing and input common-mode range are enlarged by the DTMOS input pair. A concise bias circuit with negative feedback guarantees all transistors operate in the proper regions in all working conditions. A bulk-driven continuous time common mode feedback (CMFB) is designed and embedded in the biasing circuit, no extra current is consumed. The circuit is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, simulations show that DC gain is 79 dB in typical condition and keeps above 70 dB in all working conditions, the input common mode range and output swing are enlarged to 0.4 V and 0.94 V respectively.
Adaptive error control for fine-granular-scalability video coding over IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

Robust streaming of video over the IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (WLANs) poses many challenges, including coping with bandwidth variations and data losses. To address these challenges, we evaluate and compare various error control strategies in this paper, namely, medium access control (MAC) layer forward error correction (FEC), MAC retransmission, and application-layer FEC, combined with FGS scalable video coding to achieve reliable communication over the IEEE 802.11 WLANs. Moreover, we assess the performance of fine-grained loss protection (FGLP) for different multipath channel conditions. Furthermore, the performance of cross-layer strategies such as application-layer FEC with MAC retransmissions is also determined.
Multiple-description video coding using motion-compensated temporal prediction

We propose multiple description (MD) video coders which use motion-compensated predictions. Our MD video coders utilize MD transform coding and three separate prediction paths at the encoder to mimic the three possible scenarios at the decoder: both descriptions received or either of the single descriptions received. We provide three different algorithms to control the mismatch between the prediction loops at the encoder and decoder. We present simulation results comparing the three approaches to two standards-based approaches to MD video coding. We show that when the main prediction loop at the encoder uses a two-channel reconstruction, it is important to have side prediction loops and transmit some redundancy information to control mismatch. We also examine the performance of our MD video coder with partial mismatch control in the presence of random packet loss, and demonstrate a significant improvement compared to more traditional approaches.
A Fair-Use DRM System Based on Web Service

The National Institute of Standards and Technology give the following definition: "Digital rights management is a system of information technology components and services along with corresponding law, policies and business models which strives to distribute and control intellectual property and its right." However, most existing DRM systems are designed for powerful protection. The portability of rights is restricted by close confinement of the DRM protection mechanism. The user's fair use rights are being violated. In this paper we propose a protocol to achieve the fair use by using virtual software token.