nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The first international workshop on mobile multimedia processing

The motivation of this workshop is to timely address challenges in applying advanced pattern recognition, signal, information and multimedia processing techniques, and new emerging technologies in networking and communication to mobile systems, given the proliferating market of mobile and portable devices. The intended audiences of this workshop are primarily researchers in traditional pattern recognition and information processing techniques wanting to extend their work in the mobile domain, and those researchers in mobile and cross related fields wanting to explore latest achievement in pattern recognition field to expand their work.
A joint source-channel adaptive scheme for wireless H.264 video authentication

This paper proposes a novel joint source-channel adaptive scheme that integrates the authentication into source and channel coding components to achieve 100% effective verification probability and an optimal end-to-end video quality. By jointly considering source coding and channel conditions with authentication, the proposed layered framework is able to minimize end-to-end quality degradation incurred by both wireless channel noise and authentication failure. In particular, the competing requirements of high verification probability and low authentication overhead are concurrently satisfied by elegant design of hash appending with efficient adaptation to H.264 source coding and channel conditions. A joint source-channel-authentication rate allocation scheme is then developed to achieve optimal end-to-end video quality. Experiment results on H.264 video sequences confirm the efficacy of this joint adaptive scheme and demonstrate that it indeed outperforms the state-of-the-art graph based authentication algorithms.
MOS-Based Channel Allocation Schemes for Mixed Services over Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, secondary users (SUs) may have various applications such as multimedia delivery and file download, resulting in different bandwidth requirements. In this paper, we propose a channel allocation scheme for mixed services, especially video streaming, based on mean opinion score (MOS) maximization. MOS is an effective metric of Quality of Experience (QoE) that directly measures the satisfaction of the end users. The cognitive radio network base station (CRNBS) collects all the SUs' application information and allocates available channel resource to the SUs with the overall user perceived MOS maximized and fairness among SUs ensured. The simulation results confirm that the proposed MOS-based channel allocation scheme outperforms the conventional good put-based scheme in terms of overall user satisfaction.
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) TDC for Fermilab SeaQuest (E906) experiment and its tests with a novel external wave union launcher

We developed a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) TDC module for the tracking devices of Fermilab SeaQuest (E906) experiment, including drift chamber, proportional tube and hodoscope. The requirement of time resolution is better than 4 ns. This 64-channel TDC is made of a 6U VMEbus unit equipped with a Microsemi ProASIC3 Flash based FPGA of low power and high radiation tolerance. The new FPGA firmware (Run2-TDC) is designed to reduce the data volume and data acquisition (DAQ) deadtime. The firmware digitizes multiple input hits of both polarities while allowing users to turn on a multiple-hit elimination logic to remove after-pulses in the wire chambers and proportional tubes. A scaler is fitted into the firmware of each channel to allow for recording the number of hits in its respective channel. The TDC resolution is determined by internal cell of 450 ps, and a measurement precision of 200 ps has been achieved. As a demonstration of constructing the Wave Union TDC using an existing multi-hit TDC without modifying its firmware, external wave union launchers are utilized in our test to improve the TDC's measurement precision. Measurement precision is nearly halved (108 ps) in data based on a four-edge wave union. An even larger improvement of measurement precision (69 ps) has been reached by combining the approaches of Wave Union TDC and multiple-channel ganging.
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP from Multiple Content Distribution Servers

Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH\footnote{In this paper, we use DASH as a general acronym, which does not represent 3GPP- DASH/MPEG-DASH standards.}) is attractive. It reuses popular web servers rather than relying on expensive streaming server. It takes the benefits of router and firewall optimizations for HTTP traffic. It promises to automatically adapt to bandwidth dynamics to provide smooth playback experience with best achievable visual quality. In this paper, we study a new architecture for DASH, i.e. DASH from multiple content distribution servers with scalable coded video. We take the advantage of content distribution network (CDN) architecture to offer even better DASH experience. In our scheme, users request one video program simultaneously from more than one CDN servers over HTTP. To optimize resource allocation among different servers, we propose a collaborative multi-scale scheduling algorithm (CMSS) which can effectively: 1) mitigate web server load and automatically balance loads among servers; 2) adapt to bandwidth dynamics of each server; 3) optimize aggregated streaming quality. We implemented a prototype of our algorithm and deployed it on PlanetLab open platform. Measurement results verify the effectiveness of CMSS.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation with QoS Support in Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has become a promising type of networks to provide applications such as real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous e-Health services. One challenge in the design of WBAN is that energy efficiency needs to be ensured to increase the network lifetime in such a resourceconstrained network. Another critical challenge for WBAN is that quality of service (QoS) requirements, including packet loss rate (PLR), throughput and delay, should be guaranteed even under the highly dynamic environment due to changing of body postures. In this paper, we design a unified framework of energy efficient resource allocation scheme for WBAN, in which both constraints of QoS metrics and the characteristics of dynamic links are considered. A transmission rate allocation policy (TRAP) is proposed to carefully adjust the transmission rate at each sensor such that more strict PLR requirement could be achieved even when the link quality is very poor. A QoS optimization problem is then formulated to optimize the transmission power and allocated time slots for each sensor, which minimizes energy consumption subject to the QoS constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed transmission rate allocation policy and the resource allocation scheme.
Enhancing multimedia QoS with device-to-device communication as an underlay in lte networks

We present in this paper a new device-to-device (D2D) communication scheme to create a QoS enhanced multimedia services for LTE users who are physically close to each other. This scheme has a potential to provide higher bandwidth service with reduced delay and reduced power consumption. However, a significant challenge from such D2D opportunity is to establish the direct link between nearby devices without interference to other regular LTE users. In this research, we develop a novel user selective resource allocation scheme that allows D2D links to share the same radio resources with LTE regular users while proactively avoiding the interferences with intelligent user selection. The main contribution of the proposed scheme is in the innovative design of the sub-channel selection algorithms for both D2D links and regular LTE users. These algorithms serve dual purpose: (1) providing desired QoS enhancement to multimedia consumers in D2D links while minimizing the interference to regular users; (2) maximizing the sum rate of the LTE networks considering the interference from D2D links and the fairness issue. The simulation results show that the total achievable capacity of LTE networks is dramatically enhanced by D2D communication with this new user selective resource allocation.
CS-based reliable transmission strategy for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is a promising type of networks that mainly targets at applications in ubiquitous communication and e-Health services. To support long-term pervasive services, both reliability and energy efficiency are required in WBAN communications. In this paper, by adopting compressive sensing (CS) technology, a reliable transmission strategy for WBANs is proposed to alleviate the effect of packet loss and improve the data transmission reliability. Considering the transmission model with both direct link and relay link, two relay policies are present and the corresponding fusion rules are designed to merge the data from both links for better reconstruciton. A reconstruction algorithm, which exploits both block sparsity and temporal correlation, is proposed to reconstructed the merged data. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed transmission strategy.
Robust image transmission based on wavelet tree coding and EREC

We propose a robust image transmission scheme based on wavelet tree coding and error resilient entropy coding (EREC). After the wavelet decomposition, the coefficients are re-arranged into wavelet trees according to their spatial representation. Each wavelet tree is coded independently so that the scheme is essentially a block-based coding in the spatial domain. Since the self-similarity across subbands is preserved, a high source coding efficiency can be achieved. EREC is then adopted to enhance the error resilience capability of the compressed bitstream. At the receiving end, the automatic re-synchronization of each block is obtained. Furthermore, the bits impacted by the error propagation are more likely located in the low bit-layers so that the resultant degradation is less severe in terms of PSNR. Experimental results show that this proposed scheme can achieve a good error resilient performance.
MAP Decoding of Variable Length Codes With Self-Synchronization Strings

Maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding of Huffman-equivalent variable-length codes (VLCs) has two undesired features. One is the high decoding complexity, and the other is the discrepancy between the objective of MAP decoding and the Levenshtein distance which is commonly used as the performance metric. In this correspondence, improvement over these two issues is targeted through extracting self-synchronization information in VLC coded sequence and incorporating it into MAP decoding. It shown that self-synchronization strings (SSSs) are concatenation of Huffman codewords and can be readily found. Occurrence probabilities of SSSs are then analyzed. By using this self-synchronization information, MAP decoding is split into multiple decoding of short data segments so that both decoding performance improvement and complexity reduction are obtained. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A cross-layer oriented multi-channel MAC protocol design for QoS-centric video streaming over wireless ad hoc networks

This paper presents a cross-layer design for a QoS-centric video transmission over wireless ad hoc networks based on multi-channel MAC protocol with TDMA. First, we investigate a study of the multi-channel MAC protocol through Markov chain modeling. Based on this study, two innovative cross-layer modules are adopted for the design of multi-channel MAC protocol. In the first module, we adopt Maximum Latency Rate (MLR) as the channel quality metric. Unlike the traditional MAC design based on Network Allocation Vector (NAV), MLR is implemented to provide differentiated traffic so that the channel with smaller MLR time is initiated for higher priority traffic. In the second module we adopt two congestion aware metrics, namely MAC utilization and queue length of the MAC layer, to improve the congestion aware routing protocol with DSR. These two innovative modules allow the proposed MAC protocol design to achieve high performance video transmission over wireless ad hoc networks. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-theart schemes under multi-channel environments in wireless Ad Hoc networks for as much as 4.9 dB in PSNR. Such significant performance enhancement confirms that the cross-layer approach is very effective for multi-channel MAC protocol design.
Crowdsourced Learning to Photograph via Mobile Devices

Capturing a professional photo with high visual quality is always a challenging task for mobile users. This paper presents a crowd sourced learning to photograph approach to assist mobile users for composing high quality photos via their mobile devices. The proposed approach is able to leverage the camera and scene context to search related images with similar context and content from social media communities, and then mine composition knowledge to guide photographing on mobile devices. We develop a patch-based feature generation and selection process to discover salient patches and positions that dominate photo composition aesthetics in the input scene. We then build a regression model to map the composition of salient patches to photo-aesthetic scores. Finally, we develop an efficient hierarchical approach to search for the optimal view enclosure for photograph suggestion. We conducted extensive simulations and subjective evaluations to verify the proposed approach.
QoS Guaranteed SVC-based Video Transmission over MIMO Wireless Systems with Channel State Information

This paper presents a novel scheme for QoS guaranteed video transmission based on scalable video coding (SVC) over multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wireless systems. The proposed scheme is able to not only guarantee the QoS (required BER for base and enhancement layers in compressed video) and but also maximize the system throughput. We assume that the estimated channel state information (CSI) at the receiver is available at the transmitter through feedback. In this scenario, under a transmit power constraint, optimal power allocation can be achieved to satisfy QoS-guaranteed maximum throughput by a combination of several operations. These operations include singular value decomposition (SVD) for decomposing the MIMO channel into equivalent parallel SISO channels, adaptive QAM-modulation, and channel adaptive sub-channel selection for the transmission of base and enhancement layers. We present in this paper with detailed analysis and simulation results to demonstrate that we can achieve QoS optimized video transmission over MIMO wireless systems based on scalable video coding.
Optimal packetization of fine granularity scalability codestreams for error-prone channels

An optimal source-channel packetization scheme for MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) codestreams is proposed in this paper. The channel is modeled with a uniform error distribution to the enhancement layer transmission. A cost function that models the error expansion for a MPEG-4 FGS stream is derived, and then used in the optimal packetization problem subject to the same overhead as the conventional packetization scheme. An efficient scheme to find the optimal solution is described, which takes time similar to encoding an MPEG-4 FGS codestream. Experiments show that our scheme has up to 1.96 dB gain over the conventional packetization scheme.
Nonuniform threshold trellis coded quantization for image transmission through noisy channels

We propose a joint source/channel coding scheme to transmit image through binary noisy channels based on 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) and nonuniform threshold trellis coded quantization (NUTTCQ). After the discrete cosine transform, the source image is decomposed into several subsources according to the transform coefficient positions, i.e. the same frequency coefficients in different DCT blocks are grouped together as a single subsource. The subsources are modeled by a generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD), and the statistical parameters of the GGDs and channel characteristics are used to construct the scalar codebooks for NUTTCQ at both the encoder and the decoder. The transform coefficients are quantized by these fixed-rate quantizers and transmitted through noisy channels. The steepest descent method and iterative schemes are employed to determine the optimum bit allocation among the subsources subject to the constraints of the average coding rate and allowable maximum bits to each sample. Neighborhood relationship is employed to limit the searching space when a bit is to be allocated to a certain subsource. Simulation results show that the performance is very promising.
Light Field Multi-View Video Coding With Two-Directional Parallel Inter-View Prediction.

Light field (LF) technology has been popularly adopted by a wide range of conventional industries. However, one problem when dealing with LFs is the sheer size of data volume. There have been many multi-view video coding (MVC)-based LF video coding methods reported in the literature, aiming at finding the best prediction structure for LF video coding. It is clear that the number of possible prediction structures is unlimited, and it is also observed that the coding bit-rate can be reduced by increasing the number of bi-directionally encoded views in the prediction structure. However, none work has been conducted to analyze the relationship of the prediction structure with its coding performance. In light of this observation, we first design a new LF-MVC prediction structure by extending the inter-view prediction into a two-directional parallel structure. Analytical models for source coding rate and encoding time are developed to analyze their relationships with the prediction structure, and are proven to be well-matched to our experimental results. Experimental evaluation of two LF video sequences demonstrates that the proposed LF-MVC prediction structure can achieve a factor of 26% bit-rate reduction against the conventional MVC prediction structure for an LF video with 5×5 views, and a further 34% bit-rate reduction for an LF video with a larger 10×10 views. Compared with the state-of-the-art MVC-based LF video coding prediction structures in the literature, LF-MVC can achieve the best coding performance, and with its high encoding efficiency, is well suited for deployment in practical LF-based 3D systems.
Ultrasound image coding based on subband decomposition and speckle synthesis

We present a study of ultrasound image compression based on subband decomposition and speckle synthesis. It is well-known that one signature characteristic of ultrasound images is the presence of speckle noise. The high frequency nature of speckle noise poses great challenges to standard coding techniques. In this study, ultrasound images are first decomposed into subbands with good spatial-frequency separation. To better separate the noise spectrum from high frequency signal content, selected high frequency subbands are further decomposed. The separation results in a structure image and a speckle image. Ultrasound images are coded such that the structure image is coded using a wavelet-based method and the speckle noise is reproduced using synthesized high frequency subbands at the decoder end. While the impact on diagnostics is yet to be investigated, this coding scheme enables efficient compression while maintaining the signature appearance of ultrasound images.
Signal Reconstruction from Partial Frequency Coefficients for Image/Video Frame Upsampling

In multimedia processing area, image/video frame resizing is recognized as one of the key techniques and has received more and more attention from the research community. It is necessary and very challenging for image/video distribution systems to be able to generate higher resolution video to meet high-end users' requirements. In this paper, we analyze the bottleneck of hybrid DCT-Wiener scheme firstly and propose a w-norm signal reconstruction scheme from partial frequency coefficients for upsampling based on uncertainty principles. In the proposed scheme, we design a w-norm model to reconstruct up-sized image/video frames by solving convex optimization with constraints. The proposed scheme combines Wiener filter with compressive sensing (CS) theory seamlessly to automatically control the accuracy of both low- and high-frequency components. This scheme can efficiently avoid the fake contours and ringing effects which are the main defects of hybrid DCT-Wiener methods (hybrid methods). Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve significant PSNR and SSIM gains over typical CS schemes and original hybrid method. On the other hand, the proposed scheme controls the accuracy of both low- and high-frequency components by calculating the correlation between reconstructed signals and sampling matrixes during reconstruction which is a good solution to reduce fake contours and ringing effect. This scheme can also achieve noticeable visual quality improvement compared with hybrid methods and typical CS methods.
MAC protocol in wireless body area networks for E-health: challenges and a context-aware design

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is a promising low power technology that enables the communications between body area sensor nodes and a central coordinator. It targets at many applications in e-Health services. In WBAN, different data sources generate time-varying traffic. Large traffic volume may result in intolerant latency and thus it is extremely important that the most significant data can always be delivered in a real-time fashion. Besides, data transmission may suffer from deep fading and packets loss due to the dynamic on-body channel induced by movements and surrounding environment. Hence, energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) is crucially needed to allocate transmission bandwidth and to ensure reliable transmission considering WBAN contexts, i.e., time-varying human and environment conditions. To improve both efficiency and reliability, we investigate the challenges in the development of WBAN MAC design. Furthermore, based on the traffic nature and channel status, we introduce a context-aware MAC protocol to meet time-varying requirements of WBAN. We have demonstrated that the proposed protocol is able to reduce latency, energy consumption, and packet loss rate, as well as to achieve a reasonable trade-off between efficiency and reliability.
Joint source-channel rate control for pixel-domain distributed video coding

We study the scenario of pixel-domain distributed video coding for noisy transmission environments and propose a method to allocate the available rate between source coding and channel coding to generate a robust video stream. Having observed in experiments the uncertainty of the source and the channel coding rate, we model them as random variables via offline training, estimate the decoding failure probability and calculate the mean end-to-end distortion. Adaptive quantization is performed for each slice to minimize its mean end-to-end distortion. With this joint source-channel rate allocation, we compare the robustness of two coding prototypes, namely distributed video coding and distributed video coding with forward error correction. According to our experimental results, under same total bit budget, the distributed video coding only scheme proves more robust than the latter one and the gain is up to 1 dB in PSNR.