nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach based on a linear Multi-Layer Perceptron for identifying on-line harmonics

A new approach based on a linear Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) is introduced for harmonics identification. This neural approach uses linear neurons and inputs composed of synthetic harmonic terms in order to fit Fourier series of periodic signals. The amplitudes of the fundamental and high-order harmonics are deduced from a combination of the weights. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated and compared to an Adaline-based method. Results show that the linear MLP is able to identify in real-time the amplitudes of harmonic terms from measured signals under noisy conditions. The approach can therefore be inserted in compensation strategies to ensure power quality in electrical grids.
An X-band high-efficiency ion-implanted MMIC power amplifier

An X-band high-efficiency monolithic power amplifier has been designed. Across the 40% bandwidth from 8 GHz to 12 GHz, the amplifier produces 1.6 W to 2.1 W of output power at 33% to 40% power-added efficiency. For high-power operation, the amplifier can produce 2.4 W to 2.8 W of output power at 26% to 29% power-added efficiency across the 40% bandwidth from 8 GHz to 12 GHz. A balanced approach using Lange couplers results in excellent input and output return losses of better than 15 dB. The devices are fabricated using the Hughes baseline ion-implanted process for MMIC (monolithic microwave IC) power amplifiers. This planar ion-implanted 0.5- mu m MESFET technology is selected for this high-power and high-efficiency application. For this stepper technology, a total of 11 mask layers is used to complete the entire MMIC wafer process. The design, fabrication, and performance of the amplifier are presented.<<ETX>>
Cooling concepts for the CVD diamond brewster-angle window

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond Brewster-angle window is a very promising broadband radio-frequency (RF) output window solution for frequency step-tunable high power gyrotrons foreseen in nuclear fusion devices like DEMO. Since gyrotrons operate in the megawatt-class power range, active cooling of the output window during operation is mandatory for long pulse operation. In this paper, different indirect cooling layouts were investigated and compared by finite element method (FEM) thermal and structural analyses. Scenarios with different power and frequency beam were taken into account in the analyses.
Accuracy improvement method of forest height estimation for PolInSARImage

Polarimetric SAR interferometry (Pol-InSAR) is a radar remote sensing technique, that allows to extract forest heights by means of model-based inversion. Recently, there have been plenty of research on the retrieval of vegetation parameters by single frequency single baseline PolInSAR such as the ESPRIT method, three-stage inversion. However, these methods tend to underestimate the forest height due to attenutation of the electromagnetic waves in the ground medium. This paper proposes a method to improve the accuracy of forest height estimation. This method is based on a fusion of hybrid method extracting forest parameters and the coherence amplitude method. Finally, the simulated PolInSAR data are used to validate the proposed method.
Chaos-based physical layer security model for IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communications

This paper introduces a chaos-based security model applied at the physical layer of visible light communication (VLC) systems. The proposed model employs a Lorenz oscillator, a variation of the inverse system approach, to generate a chaotic wave to be added to the output signal before sending over a VLC channel. It consists in first encrypting only the header and second to include random padding bits. This helps to protect the IEEE 802.15.7 VLC frame from eavesdropping because hackers are unable to recognize the frame if they have no information regarding the implemented chaotic oscillator, i.e. Lorenz oscillator, the parametric set and its coupling methodology. On the other hand, at the receiver side, the IEEE 802.15.7 frames are easily recovered by eliminating the chaotic wave by the authorized receiver based on chaotic synchronization principles. Simulation results show that the header of the IEEE 802.15.7 frame embedded into chaotic signal transmitted over a VLC channel cannot be captured by unauthorized receivers while still enabling authorized ones to perfectly recover the IEEE 802.15.7 frame.
A unified hybrid control for DC/DC power converters using port-Hamiltonian formulation

This paper proposes a general approach to design a feedback control law for DC/DC power converters. These last ones can be modeled as switched port-Hamiltonian systems. Based on Lyapunov theory, a candidate Lyapunov function representing the energy of the system is proposed. Advantages of the resulting control law include ease of design and implementation in real time applications. The proposed control is applied in simulation for Buck, Buck-Boost, SEPIC and Ćuk converters. A comparison with a PWM state feedback control law is given for the last two converters.
An all-in-one debugger of 8-bit microcontroller with high transfer speed

An all-in-one debugger for 8-bit microcontrollers is developed, which supports three important modes, namely, boundary scan mode, programming mode, and debugging mode. Its transfer speed is higher than some other protocols. Its interface is based on IEEE Std 1149.1-2001  to simplify hardware connection. The system is implemented and tested successfully on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
A SFOC-based scheme with PI-ANN controller to regulation of output powers and reduction of current harmonics for DFIG under unbalanced voltage dips

This paper presents a newly modified control scheme using artificial neural network (ANN) for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected with a wind turbine under the unbalance of three-phase grid voltages. In detail, the proposed scheme is based on the stator flux oriented control (SFOC), and it consists of a Sequence Component controller (SCC) and a unique PI with ANN (PI-ANN) hybrid controller. The main objectives of the suggested scheme are to regulate independently the output active and reactive powers of DFIG and to diminish significantly harmonics in the rotor current during the unbalanced grid voltage dips. Numerical simulations, including considerations on sudden changes of reference values for the powers and the random alteration of wind speed, are performed in MATLAB to evaluate effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, detailed comparisons between simulation results under the unbalanced voltage dips, obtained with the traditional PI method, PI with fuzzy logic (PI-F) hybrid technique and suggested PI-ANN scheme, also are illustrated to validate the salient performance of the presented control structure.
A comparative survey of 3D GIS models

We have witnessed the exponential growth of 3D GIS applications which vary from 3D urban management, a heritage city, archaeology, flood controlling, planning and designing, and government planning, to name a few. Thanks to the diversity of 3D models that are used to represent objects in reality and spatial database systems that are utilized to store spatial data, designers and developers can explore and exploit their ability and imagine ultimately to create fantastic applications. Nevertheless, due to this diversity and variousness, it is not easy to decide which 3D model suits to which application. In order to overcome this challenge, this paper introduces a brief comparative survey on 3D GIS data models as a look-up material. Most of the popular 3D GIS models are roll-called and compared on different criteria depending on their spatial properties.
Deep learning for analysing synchrotron data streams

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is now providing some of the world's brightest x-ray beams. A suite of imaging and diffraction methods, exploiting megapixel detectors with kilohertz frame-rates at NSLS-II beamlines, generate a variety of image streams in unprecedented velocities and volumes. A complete understanding of a complex material system often requires a cluster of x-ray characterization tools that can reveal its elemental, structural, chemical and physical properties at different length-scales and time-scales. The flourish and continuing refinement of x-ray probes enable that the same sample may be studied with different perspectives and granularities, and at different time and locations; these powerful tools generate a correspondingly daunting big data challenge, with multiple image streams that outpaces any manual efforts and traditional data analysis practice. In this paper, we applied deep learning methods, in particular, deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically recognize image features from image streams from NSLS-II, and integrated our deep-learning methods into the Google Tensorflow to cluster and label both real and synthetic 2-D scattering image patterns. These methods would empower scientists by providing timely insights, allowing them to steer experiments efficiently during their precious x-ray beamtime allocation. Experiment shows that the CNN-based image labeling attains a 10% improvement over traditional K-mean and Support Vector Machine.
A study on Television White Space technology and its applicability in Vietnam

This paper aims to study Television White Spaces (TVWS) technology for deployment of its applications in Vietnam. In this paper, theoretical and practical issues are discussed and concisely presented. At first, the general theory of TVWS technology was introduced, along with the detailed studies on conducting trials of this technology around the world. Subsequently, the article has conducted a study on experimenting with TVWS technology in Hanoi, Vietnam. On that basis, the paper offers suggestions on the possibility of developing this technology in Vietnam in the future.
67.6% Improvement in data rate employing partial transmit sequence for PAPR reduction and volterra filtering in an OFDM long-reach PON

We applied partial transmit sequence and Volterra filtering to achieve 67.6% improvement in capacity in a high-launch-power 60-km OFDM LR-PON. 61-Gbps capacity and 30-dB loss budget were realized to support 64 ONUs with 0.95 Gbps/ONU.
A design of 10-bit 25-MS/s SAR ADC using separated clock frequencies with high speed comparator in 180nm CMOS

A design of a 10-bit 25 MS/s Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) that uses improved dynamic comparator has been introduced in this paper. In this improved dynamic comparator, a novel pre-amplifier is proposed in order to enhance the bandwidth up to 817 MHz when compared to classical pre-amplifier structures. Besides, a modified dynamic latch with driving simultaneously gate and bulk terminals are also presented in this work. The whole of SAR ADC is designed and simulated in 180nm CMOS process with the structure based on the conventional architecture but reduced the capacitor array mismatch by using separated clock frequencies to control simultaneously comparator and SAR combination logic. Thus, this design works with the clock frequency of 0.5 GHz achieving a maximum sampling rate at 25 MS/s and 1.8V supply voltage. Without calibration technique, sampling at 25 MS/s, peak DNL and peak INL of original ADCs averaged across the array are 0.7 least significant bit (LSB) and 3.6 LSB, respectively.
Cellular-Phone and Hearing-Aid Interaction: An Antenna Solution

With the introduction of digital cellular phones, hearing-aid users have experienced a severe buzzing noise caused by the interaction between digital cellular phones and hearing aids. The cellular-phone industry, the hearing-aid industry, and consumers have been seeking a solution for the interference issue. Efforts reported in the literature have focused on measurements, modeling, and evaluation of interference and RF emission, but not on methods to solve the problem. In this paper, we focus on the causes of the interference and an understanding of the problem. We also present a method to reduce near-field electromagnetic energy around a cellular phone, mitigating the interference between cellular phones and hearing aids. The theoretical investigation of both the radiation mechanisms and fundamental limits on antennas suggested that a low-g antenna, such as an ultra-wideband antenna, could reduce the near-field intensity. Simulations and measurements were performed at 900 and 1880 MHz, using both low- and high-Q test antennas mounted on a mock cellular phone. The results showed that the peak electric and magnetic near-field strengths of the low-g test antenna were lower than those of a high-Q test antenna by at least 5 dBV/m and 4 dBA/m, respectively. The improvement in the near-field performance for the low-g antenna was without any sacrifice in far-field performance. Furthermore, in the presence of a human head, the simulation results showed that the radiation efficiency of the low-Q test antenna was better than that of the high-Q test antenna.
An efficient parallel execution for intra prediction in HEVC Video Encoder

An efficient parallel execution of High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) intra prediction is proposed. The proposed parallel block based frame interleaving technique can remove the data dependency in the intra 4×4 blocks and improve the parallel processing between them. Therefore, the timing constraint of real-time 4kx2k encoding can be achieved. Prediction engines of various sizes: 4×4, 8×8, 16×16, 32×32 and 64×64, work in parallel to enhance the throughput with high hardware utilization. The hardware size of the proposed architecture is 1,524k gates. Experimental results show that the maximum throughput reaches 265Mpixels/s with operating frequency of 146 Mhz. The proposed architecture can compute 4096×2160p video at 30fps.
Design and Analysis of a Cooperative Multichannel MAC Protocol for Heterogeneous Networks

Many incompatible wireless protocols proliferate in unlicensed bands, creating complex coexistence and connectivity problems. If the trend continues, such problems will continue to exist in future unlicensed bands. We take a different approach to spectrum sharing. Instead of proposing a distinct medium-access control (MAC) protocol for each type of application, we propose a family of parameterized MAC protocols called WiFlex, which can be tailored to different application needs, ranging from wireless sensors to media centers. However, these protocols allow communication and spectrum-sharing coordination among different types of devices. We envision this family to be based on a multichannel physical layer. The contributions of this paper include a novel asynchronous split phase (ASP) protocol with dynamic priority support, even in multiple-collision-domain environments. When links are bidirectional, WiFlex resolves the multichannel hidden-node problem, achieving collision-free data exchange in a multihop environment. ASP provides a mechanism for prioritization and fairness. The performance of the protocol is evaluated through analysis and simulation. The coexistence of heterogeneous devices and the support for different applications with high performance are demonstrated.
An approach for home load Energy Management problem in uncertain context

This paper focuses on energy management problem applied to residential sector. The optimizing procedure of energy management is based on the available prediction (weather prediction, user¿s habit etc) which contains the uncertainty and imperfect knowledge. This uncertainty can be modelled as interval model. An approach composing three steps is proposed. Multi-parametric programming is used to calculate the family of an optimal solution. Two examples are proposed to illustrate this approach.
A novel multiband frequency reconfigurable PIFA antenna

In this paper, we design and implement a novel six-band frequency reconfigurable Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for GSM1800, WCDMA, m-WiMAX and WLAN applications. The antenna consists of three radiator patches whose optimal parameters are iteratively selected on different configurations using Genetic Algorithm (GA). PIN-diodes are used in appropriate locations to accurately control the operating frequency bands. Simulation results show that depending on ON/OFF states of the PIN-diodes, the antenna can operate in six applicable frequency bands i.e., 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 5.8 GHz with corresponding peak gains of 3.34 dBi, 2.8 dBi, 5.16 dBi, 3.95 dBi, 5.05 dBi and 6.98 dBi, respectively. The efficiency of the six frequency bands is spread from 64% to 96%. The overall size of the radiated parts is 42.5×20 mm2 which makes it easy and possible to be integrated into small wireless handsets. Measurements have also been carried out on a fabricated prototype in order to validate the correctness our design.
Asymmetric Mixture Model With Simultaneous Feature Selection and Model Detection

A mixture model based on the symmetric Gaussian distribution that simultaneously treats the feature selection, and the model detection has recently received great attention for pattern recognition problems. However, in many applications, the distribution of the data has a non-Gaussian and nonsymmetric form. This brief presents a new asymmetric mixture model for model detection and model selection. In this brief, the proposed asymmetric distribution is modeled with multiple student's-t distributions, which are heavily tailed and more robust than Gaussian distributions. Our method has the flexibility to fit different shapes of observed data, such as non-Gaussian and nonsymmetric. Another advantage is that the proposed algorithm, which is based on the variational Bayesian learning, can simultaneously optimize over the number of the student's-t distribution that is used to model each asymmetric distribution, the number of components, and the saliency of the features. Numerical experiments on both synthetic and realworld datasets are conducted. The performance of the proposed model is compared with other mixture models, demonstrating the robustness, accuracy, and effectiveness of our method.
A classifier based approach to real-time fall detection using low-cost wearable sensors

In this paper, we present a novel fall detection method using wearable sensors that are inexpensive and easy to deploy. A new, simple, yet effective feature extraction scheme is proposed, in which features are extracted from slices or quanta of sliding windows on the sensor's continuously acceleration data stream. Extracted features are used with a support vector machine model, which is trained to classify frames of data streams into containing falls or not. The proposed method is rigorously evaluated on a dataset containing 144 falls and other activities of daily living (which produces significant noise for fall detection). Results shows that falls could be detected with 91.9% precision and 94.4% recall. The experiments also demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods over three other fall detection methods.
Characterizing the Urban Growth of Hanoi, Nagoya, and Shanghai City using Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics

The objective of this study is to explore an approach of combining remote sensing and spatial metrics to characterize the urban growth of Hanoi (Vietnam), Nagoya (Japan), and Shanghai (China). Input data is twelve scenes of Landsat and ASTER data taken in Hanoi, Nagoya, and Shanghai city from 1975 to 2003. Firstly, this study developed a program based on a spatial metric of PLADJ to make urban growth maps. Secondly, FRAGSTATS was utilized to evaluate value of urban composition. The result showed that the urban core of Nagoya city spread out to suburb over times. At the end of 90's decade, urbanization of this city began slowdown. The characteristic of urbanization of Shanghai city was high urban density, and satellite towns around central city were established to absorb potential development to those satellite cities. In contrast to development of Nagoya and Shanghai city, Hanoi city showed the fragmented growth, and rapid expansion of new urban areas along newly constructed roads and highways. This trend led a negative impact to disorder the configuration of Hanoi city areas in unusual shape. The combined approach of remote sensing and spatial metrics is powerful, and will be useful to offer a future land-use plan for Hanoi city.
A Field Model for Repairing 3D Shapes

This paper proposes a field model for repairing 3D shapes constructed from multi-view RGB data. Specifically, we represent a 3D shape in a Markov random field (MRF) in which the geometric information is encoded by random binary variables and the appearance information is retrieved from a set of RGB images captured at multiple viewpoints. The local priors in the MRF model capture the local structures of object shapes and are learnt from 3D shape templates using a convolutional deep belief network. Repairing a 3D shape is formulated as the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation in the corresponding MRF. Variational mean field approximation technique is adopted for the MAP estimation. The proposed method was evaluated on both artificial data and real data obtained from reconstruction of practical scenes. Experimental results have shown the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method in repairing noisy and incomplete 3D shapes.
450 MHz PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor with enhanced instruction set and copper interconnect

This superscalar microprocessor implements the PowerPC/sup TM/ Architecture specification incorporating AltiVec/sup TM/ technology. Two instructions per cycle can be dispatched to two of seven execution units in this microarchitecture designed for high execution performance, high memory bandwidth, and low power. The processor includes 8-way set-associative 32 KB instruction and data caches, a floating-point unit, two integer units, a branch unit, a load/store unit, a vector arithmetic/logic unit, a vector permute unit, and a system unit. An L2 tag and cache controller with a dedicated L2 bus interface supports L2 cache sizes of 512 KB, 1MB, or 2 MB with 2-way set associativity. At 450 MHz, and with a 2M B L2 cache, this processor is estimated to have a SPECint95 and SPECfp95 performance of 20. The processor shares many microarchitectural features with the PowerPC 750/sup TM/ microprocessor. New to this processor are two vector execution units which are part of the AltiVec/sup TM/ instruction set implementation, memory subsystem bandwidth enhancements, symmetric multiprocessing support and improved floating-point performance. Supporting up to 8 simultaneous data cache misses, the memory subsystem sustains bandwidths of 3.2 GB/s on the L2 data SRAM interface running at 200 MHz or 1.6 GB/s on the system interface running at 100 MHz.
A gateway replication scheme for improving the reliability of mobile-to-grid services

The necessity of interconnection between mobile devices and static grid has grown up. Since the intermittent connection of mobile device is unpredictable, we need a special architecture for providing reliable grid services such as e-health services. In this paper, we introduce a new mobile-to-grid gateway replication (MGR) architecture for improving the reliability of grid services provided to mobile device. In MGR architecture we integrate mobile-to-grid gateway and grid policy quorum based resource management (PQRM) into one compact system. We also proposed a cost-constraints replication algorithm for calculating the optimal number of replication gateways dependent on users' budget and requirements. The performance of proposed architecture is measured by using numerical experiments and simulation results