nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
4-PSK Balanced STTC with Two Transmit Antennas

In this paper we introduce a new class of space-time trellis codes (STTC). We call them balanced STTC (B-STTC) because the points of the constellation are used with the same probability. Comparing to known codes, the balanced codes offer the best performance. Therefore, the systematic search for good codes can be reduced to this class. We present here the design of the 4-PSK balanced STTC with 2 transmit antennas. A complete list of the best 4-state and several 16-state good balanced codes are also given.
Application of game theory in traffic grooming

Traffic grooming in optical networks is attracting so much the attention of many telecom researchers now. Traffic grooming can be considered separately at each individual node basing on only local information (local grooming), or in cooperation between nodes participating in grooming (global grooming). In the second case, nodes must exchange their information about available resources and grooming strategies. However, no one is sure that each node can access a perfect information set of each others. Therefore, global grooming can realize in non-cooperative, or in cooperative but with perfect or imperfect information. In these cases, the reasoning capacity of each node is very important in determining the efficiency of global grooming. In this paper, we deal with the application of game theory in analyzing and reasoning of nodes in global grooming.
Classification of power quality disturbances using wavelet transform and K-nearest neighbor classifier

This paper proposes a new method to classify power quality disturbances using wavelet transform and K-nearest neighbor classifier. New features of power quality disturbances are extracted from discrete wavelet transform then using K-nearest neighbor classifier to classify these disturbances according to the features. Block diagram of the proposed method has been shown in this paper. Performance of the proposed method is trained and verified with power quality disturbances generated by Matlab software. The classification accuracy for these disturbances has been presented and shows that the proposed method is doing well in classifying these types of power quality disturbances.
A new fuzzy logic application to variable step size LMS algorithm for adaptive antennas in CDMA systems

This paper proposes a new application of fuzzy logic to variable step size least mean square (VS-LMS) adaptive beamforming algorithm in CDMA systems. The proposed algorithm adjusts the step size of the least mean square (LMS) by using the application of fuzzy logic in which the increase or decrease of step size depends on the fuzzy inference results of the mean square error (MSE). Computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a better capacity of tracking compared with the conventional LMS algorithms and other variable step size LMS algorithms.
A study on power generation system using biogas generated from the waste of pig farm

To verify the possibility of a power generation system using biogas from the waste of pig farm for rural electric production, a SI gasoline engine is modified to use biogas fuel and installed in a 20 KVA power generation system. An electronic speed regulation unit is developed to keep the system speed at 1500 rpm. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the performance characteristics of power generation system (such as: system frequency, phase output voltage,). In addition, the operating parameters and output emissions (NOx, HC, and CO2) of biogas-fueled engine are preliminary evaluated and analyzed for the change of system load. Results indicated that the researched power generation system shows a high stability of output voltage and frequency with help of speed regulator. Biogas fuel (mainly CH4 and CO2) has an environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for SI engine and they would not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Output emissions of biogas-fueled engine are found to be relative low. NOx emission increases with the increase of output electric power of the power generation system.
Design and implementation of FPGA based Local Cyclic Code encoder/decoder

This paper presents a novel FPGA based method to implement the multiplication and squaring of polynomials circuits with an emphasis on their applications in Local Cyclic Code encoders and decoders. The LCC encoders and decoders are designed using VHDL and implemented on Xilinx XC3S500E-4CPG132 platform. The simulation results and hardware implementation results are also described within this paper.
A novel Spatially-Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code for 4 transmit antennas

This paper presents a novel Spatially Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (SM-OSTBC) scheme for 4 transmit antennas based on the concept of Spatial Constellation (SC) first proposed in . In the scheme, transmit SM-OSTBC codewords are generated simply by multiplying SC codewords with OSTBC codewords. An optimization technique for the SM-OSTBC scheme to achieve a transmit diversity order of 3 is discussed. In addition, a simple maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder is derived. BER performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via computer simulation and theoretical upper bound. It is shown that the proposed scheme outperforms various existing MIMO transmission counterparts in a number of application scenarios.
Advanced classification of UXO using fully polarimetric GPR and frequency-polarization features

The classification of buried UXO has been a difficult task due to the large amount of false alarms resulted from troublesome clutter objects. This paper closely examined scattering characteristics of such clutter objects by using numerical simulations. From the numerical study, we found that some clutter objects, which mainly causes the false alarms, produce multiple resonances at different frequencies and different polarizations. Based on these observations, we developed new classification algorithms which utilize the frequency-polarization dependent responses of complex targets in order to discriminate UXO-like objects form such trouble some clutters. The developed algorithms were tested by experiments in a test plot. In the test, the new classification algorithms clearly discriminated such clutters from UXO-like targets. In this paper, we present the simulation results for scattering characteristics of complex clutters and the new classification algorithm based on frequency-polarization dependent responses will be discussed. Finally, results from experimental verification will be presented.
A new and effective fuzzy PID autopilot for ships

Ship autopilots are usually designed based on the PD and PID controllers because of simplicity, reliability and easy to construct. However their performance in various environmental conditions is not as good as desired. This advantage can be overcome by adjusting works or constructing adaptive controllers. But those methods are complex and not easy. This paper presents a new method for constructing ship autopilots based on combination of fuzzy logic control and linear control. The new ship autopilot has the advantages of both the PID and FLC control methodologies: easy to construct, optimal control laws can be established based on ship masters knowledge. Therefore, the new ship autopilot can be well adapted with parameter variations and strong environment effects. Simulation using MATLAB software for a ship with real parameters in course keeping and course changing maneuvers shows high effectiveness of the new autopilot in comparison with ordinary PID ship autopilots.
Designs of a free-space white-LED mass-storage transceiver for SD-card file transfer

Two visible-light mass-storage prototypes have been constructed. They enable file transfers between the SD (Secure Digital) memory card and the PC via white-LED light. The entire system consists of a pair of identical white-LED transceivers: one is connected to the PC, whereas the other is connected to the SD-card subcircuit. File transfer operation is able to execute at 19200 bps. Prototype 1 is based on pulse-position modulation (PPM), while Prototype 2 is based on pulse-width modulation (PWM). It was found that the PPM design consumes less power and is more stable. Full-speed (12 Mbps) USB 2.0 VLC transceiver designs for slave and host devices are also included.
All-optical router with pulse-position modulation header processing in high-speed photonic packet switching networks

In future high-speed photonic packet switching networks, it is highly desirable to carry out robust all-optical header recognition to provide high-throughput routing. The authors present a pulse-position modulation header processing (PPM-HP) scheme, offering significantly reduced routing table size and employing a single bit-wise AND operation to carry out correlation of the packet header with the entire routing table entries. The downsized routing table also offers multiple transmission modes (unicast, multicast and broadcast) in the optical layer and improves core network scalability where the number of core/edge nodes could be altered without the need for changing the number of routing table entries. The authors present modelling and simulation of the packet switching router based on PPM-HP. Noise propagation and crosstalk incurred in a multiple-hop routing scenario are investigated. The simulation results are presented and compared with the theoretical calculations.
A novel 75 GHz InP HEMT dynamic divider

A novel dynamic frequency divider IC is realized by injection locking a broadly tunable push-pull oscillator. The injection locking process is explained using a simple pumped-delay model of a two-stage ring oscillator. Two different dynamic dividers were fabricated in the Hughes 0.1 /spl mu/m gate-length InP HEMT process. The first covers 15-68 GHz while the second operates over the entire band from 50 to 75 GHz.
Class of high boost inverters based on switched-inductor structure

This study deals with a class of the switched-inductor boost inverters (SLBIs) including the DC-linked type, continuous, discontinuous and ripple input current topologies. Compared with the conventional switched boost inverters, the SLBIs add only three diodes and one inductor to obtain a strong boost factor. In comparison with the conventional switched-inductor Z-source inverters (ZSIs) for the same voltage gain at the same modulation indexes, the proposed SLBIs use one more active switch and less passive components which results in reducing the size and cost. Moreover, the efficiency of the proposed inverters is improved in comparison with the conventional switched-inductor ZSIs. Analysis and operating principles are presented. A laboratory prototype was built with 24, 36, 48 V DC input and 127 Vrms output voltage to test high boost ability of the proposed inverters.
A 1.25-Gb/s Indoor Cellular Optical Wireless Communications Demonstrator

This letter reports an experimental demonstration of an indoor angle-diversity optical wireless communications system. This operates at 1.25 Gb/s and provides bidirectional communications between two terminals. Each terminal uses three transmitting "cells" giving a field of view of approximately 25° × 8° over a range of approximately 3 m. Data is transmitted to a terminal that uses three receivers to obtain a similar reception field of view. Link operation at a bit-error rate <;; 10e-9 is reported, together with an overview of the system configuration.
Capacity of the Energy-Harvesting Channel With a Finite Battery

We consider an energy harvesting channel, in which the transmitter is powered by an exogenous stochastic energy harvesting process Et, such that 0 ≤ Et ≤ E̅, which can be stored in a battery of finite size B̅. We provide a simple and insightful formula for the approximate capacity of this channel with bounded guarantee on the approximation gap, independent of system parameters. This approximate characterization of the capacity identifies two qualitatively different operating regimes for this channel: in the large battery regime, when B̅ ≥ E̅, the capacity is approximately equal to that of an additive white Gaussian noise channel with an average power constraint equal to the average energy harvesting rate, i.e., it depends only on the mean of Et and is (almost) independent of the distribution of Et and the exact value of B̅. In particular, this suggests that a battery size B̅ ≈ E̅ is approximately sufficient to extract the infinite battery capacity of the system. In the small battery regime, when B̅ <; E̅, we clarify the dependence of the capacity on the distribution of Et and the value of B̅. There are three steps to proving this result, which can be of interest in their own right: 1) we characterize the capacity of this channel as an n-letter mutual information rate under various assumptions on the availability of energy arrival information: causal and noncausal knowledge of the energy arrivals at the transmitter with and without knowledge at the receiver; 2) we characterize the approximately optimal online power control policy that maximizes the long-term average throughput of the system; and 3) we show that the information-theoretic capacity of this channel is equal, within a constant gap, to its long-term average throughput. This last result provides a connection between the information- and communication-theoretic formulations of the energy harvesting communication problem that have been so far studied in isolation.
An energy efficient image compression scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

While wireless sensor networks are finding an ever increasing number of applications in many areas, they still lack the most powerful human sense - vision. This is largely due to the problems associated with processing and communicating the large volume of image data over energy constrained sensor nodes. Available wireless sensor nodes are severely constrained in both processing capability and energy. This paper presents an innovative architecture and protocol for energy efficient processing and communication of images over wireless sensor networks. The proposed hardware architecture is optimized to achieve high speed image compression with minimum hardware requirement and low power consumption. An efficient and reliable transmission protocol for compressed image is also presented. It incorporates an effective image packet queue control strategy to reduce packet error rate and increase image transmission throughput. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of these novel approaches to make image compression and communication over wireless sensor networks feasible, reliable and efficient.
A personalised stereoscopic 3D gallery with virtual reality technology on smartphone

Virtual reality (VR) is becoming more and more popular thanks to the recent advance of smartphones and low-cost VR headsets. In this article; we propose an online system that creates a stereoscopic 3D gallery for individual use. Besides the ability to receive stereoscopic photos, the system also allows the users to upload two photos of an interested object (e.g. a personal collectable artefact) acquired by their smartphone. The photos are needed to be close to a stereo pair: i.e. the camera is slightly moved/translated to the right before acquiring the second shot. The uploaded images are automatically rectified into an epipolar stereo pair (photos will be horizontally aligned) after several corresponding points were detected. A simple stereo matching algorithm is applied to identify the average disparity range between the two photos, to generate the most comfortable VR viewable stereoscopic pictures. The system then builds a gallery with the collected photos to display 3D visualisation on VR devices such as Google Cardboard, the Samsung Gear VR or Google Daydream. This system is low-cost, portable, simple to set up and operate. With such system, Internet users all over the World could easily visualise and share their collectable items in 3D; which are believed to be useful for VR and social media community.
A System for Anonymizing Temporal Phrases of Message Posted in Online Social Networks and for Detecting Disclosure

Time-related information in message posted on-line is one type of sensitive information targeted by attackers, one reason that sharing information online can be risky. Therefore, time information should be anonymized before it is posted in online social networks (OSNs). One approach to reducing the risk is to anonymize the personal information by removing temporal phrases, but this makes the anonymous message loses too much information. We have proposed a system for creating anonymous fingerprints about temporal phrases to cover most of potential cases of OSN disclosure. The fingerprints not only anonymize time-related information but also can be used to identify a person who has disclosed information about the user. In experiment with 16,647 different temporal phrases extracted from about 16 million tweets, the average number of fingerprints created for an OSN message is 526.05 fingerprints. This is significantly better than the 409.58 fingerprints of the state-of-the-art previous detection temporal phrases algorithm. Fingerprints are quantified using a modified normalized certainty penalty metric to ensure that an appropriate level of information anonymity is used for each user's friend. The algorithm works well not only for temporal phrases in message posted on social networks but also for other types of phrases (such as location and objective ones) or other areas (religion, politics, military, etc.).
Assessing human disease phenotype similarity based on ontology

Phenotypical similarity between diseases is an important factor in biomedical research since it has been used in many disease-related studies. More specifically, this information improves prediction performance of methods proposed for identifying disease-associated cellular components. In addition, this is also useful to figure out relationship among diseases to explain disease co-morbidity phenomenon. However, calculating and assessing the similarity among disease phenotypes is still an open question. Indeed, most studies have utilized an out-of-date disease phenotype similarity database constructed from OMIM records, which is also considered as a “gold standard” one, while only a few of studies have calculated this similarity based on human phenotype ontology. Considering that many methods have been defined to measure the similarity between two ontology-annotated entities, assessing which one is the best is crucial. In this study, we calculate the similarity for a set of 9,221,365 pairs of disease phenotypes using a number of ontology-based semantic similarity measures and assess them by correlating them with the “gold standard” one. Simulation results showed that, for both types of correlation (i.e., Pearson and Spearman correlations), the largest correlation coefficient is 0.58 for both pairwise between-entity similarity methods. Interestingly, these results are consistent with previous studies which assess similarity between genes based on gene ontology.
CacheQuery: A practical asymmetric communication algorithm

We consider the problem of asymmetric communications, which are common in many access networks. We propose a new asymmetric communication algorithm, called CacheQuery, to leverage on the already deployed downlink bandwidth and receiver capability to accelerate the uplink data transfer from one or multiple senders to a receiver. The design of CacheQuery differs from all previous asymmetric communication algorithms in two ways: (i) CacheQuery supports more flexible matching mechanism to identify redundant packet payload and (ii) CacheQuery allocates a small sender cache to absorb the potentially high downlink traffic overhead incurred by asymmetric communications. The trace-driven simulations indicate that, compared to existing asymmetric communication algorithms, CacheQuery achieves higher uplink transfer speed, yet reduces downlink traffic overhead.
Comparative study of railgun housings made of modem fiber-wound materials, ceramic or insulated steel plates

The acceleration in electromagnetic railguns of projectiles with a mass of several hundreds of grams up to velocities ranging between 2000 m/s and 3000 m/s requires currents with intensities of several MA. In the ISL rail launchers the repulsion forces created by these currents acting on the rails of the launcher can reach values in the order of 20 MN/m. The housing of the launcher has to withstand these high mechanical stresses to maintain the rails in position and thus to keep the caliber constant. In this paper a comparative study of different possibilities of housings is presented. The limits of the actual fiber wound materials are shown and a selection of new insulating materials capable of withstanding the mechanical stresses is given. We also present the concept of a housing made of insulated steel plates allowing a good mechanical stiffness combined with a minimum loss due to eddy currents in steel. In particular, we show that the good mechanical behavior of the steel plate housing makes it possible to reach the same overall efficiency as that obtained with a fiber-wound material housing.
Calculation limits of the homogeneous effective thermal conductivity approach in modeling of printed circuit board

Electronic components are continuously getting smaller. They embed more and more powered functions which exacerbate the temperature rise in component/board interconnect areas. Their design optimization is henceforth mandatory to control the temperature excess and to preserve component reliability. To allow the electronic designer to early analyze the limits of their power dissipation, an analytical model of a multi-layered electronic board was established with the purpose to assess the validity of conventional board modeling approaches. For decades, a vast majority of authors have been promoting a homogenous single layer model that lumped the layers of the board using effective orthotropic thermal properties. The work presents the thermal behavior comparison between a detailed multi-layer representation and its deducted equivalent lumped model for an extensive set of variable parameters, such as effective thermal conductivities calculation models or source size. The results highlight the fact that the conventional practices for Printed Circuit Board modeling can dramatically underestimate source temperatures when their size is very small.
A method improving efficiency of remote operation for a virtual campus tour service using robots

Recently, there are increasing interests of integration between robot services and the Internet, and many remote control services using robots have been proposed. In order to control robots remotely, we generally use images and videos captured by robot cameras and fixed cameras, but image quality is fluctuating with a change of network condition. The fluctuation has an effect on operational accuracy of remote control robots. In this paper, we propose the method controlling quality of camera images according as network condition for a virtual campus tour service using robots.