nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Storage Performance Test System: Design, Implementation, and Experience

with the rapid development of storage technology, many kinds of storage products and systems have been released, but these products and systems always have some problems such as the performance is not credible, the reliability is not high and so on. In order to better test and evaluate the performance of storage products and systems, we design and implement a distributed Storage Performance Test System called SPTS, which can test the IO performance of file system and disk array. The experience of testing disk array's IOPS and data transfer rate shows that SPTS can provide certain value when customers purchase and use storage products or storage systems.
A workflow model based on time-extended and hierarchy-extended Petri net

At present the workflow model lacks of time constraints and cannot support complex workflow systems, so the classical Petri net is extended in time and hierarchy in this paper. Based on the above extension, a time-extended and hierarchy-extended workflow-net model is proposed. At the same time the construction algorithm of the THEWF-Net model is presented. The algorithm is applied to model the production-developed process and the old product-reconstructed process. Finally the correctness of the THEWF-Net model is validated.
Comparative Study on the Double-Array Structure for Large English & Chinese Lexicons

In this study, time and space efficiency of the double-array structure for large English & Chinese lexicons are comprehensively analyzed. Some important observations include: (1) both time and space efficiency are dependent of the different order of inserting the keys for Chinese lexicons, but neither for English ones; (2) on the condition that the order of inserting the keys is by characters’ numerical values, for Chinese lexicons, space efficiency is dependent of different character encoding methods, while time efficiency is not. Finally, a Chinese character encoding method based character frequency is raised, which improve further space efficiency to some extent.
High Altitude Platform-Based Two-Hop Relaying Emergency Communications Schemes

In this paper, we investigate schemes of the high altitude platform (HAP)-based emergency communications network for delivering emergency calls and multicast and broadcast services (MBS) in case of large scale disaster in mountainous area at the early phase. The network we propose is a two-hop relay system based on IEEE 802.16j standard. Depending on the different role that the HAP plays in the relay system, two scenarios of the network, an integrated satellite-HAP-terrestrial system or an integrated HAP-terrestrial system, are illustrated respectively. The architecture of the proposed HAP-based relay networks is described with special emphasis on the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) aspects of the 802.16j standard. Appropriate standard options are chosen and necessary adaptations are recommended considering the special requirement of delivering emergency communication services from the HAP.
Network-Aware State Update For Large Scale Mobile Games

In large scale mobile gaming environments, efficient mechanisms for state update is crucial to allow graceful real-time interaction of a large number of players, under limited wireless network bandwidth. By using the state updating threshold as a key parameter that bridges the resulting state inconsistency (or distortion) and the network traffic, we are able to model the fundamental traffic-distortion tradeoffs. Given the tradeoffs for all users, an optimal bandwidth allocation can be derived using well-known convex programming techniques. By exploring the temporal locality of gaming behavior, we also propose a prediction method to realize on-line bandwidth adaptation. Using real data trace from a multi-player driving game, the proposed network aware bandwidth allocation method, NABA, is able to achieve significant reduction in state distortion compared to two baselines: Uniform and Proportional policies. NABA is also adaptable to variations in system parameters, including bandwidth constraint and network delay.
Design of Common Track Satellite Constellations for Optimal Regional Coverage

A design method for optimal regional coverage satellite systems with common track constellation (CTC) is proposed. CTC is a special class of constellation in which satellites of whole constellation follow the same track on the Earth's surface-hence the name common track. Based on the thorough investigation on the constraint relation of the satellite parameter, a coded notation for CTC is presented, and the equivalence relationship between the CTC and Walker delta constellation is discussed. Then, the design method is presented and some optimal constellation schemes for China are given as examples. Results shows CTC can provide preferable coverage performance to specified region with fewer satellites
Dynamic on-resistance and tunneling based de-trapping in GaN HEMT

GaN HEMT dynamic on-resistance was measured by the pulsed IV method. Temperature-independent de-trapping was observed in GaN HEMT dynamic on-resistance measurement. Similar results were also observed by Dr. Jesus del Alamo's group at MIT. The origin of the temperature-independent de-trapping is still unclear. It is speculated by Jesus del Alamo's group that this temperature-independent de-trapping happens through electrons tunneling from the interface layer to the channel instead of through thermal activation. Our experimental results indicate that electrons tunnel from the interface layer into gate may also be possible, especially for those traps located near the gate. A quantum mechanical model based on Fermi's Golden rule is developed. The modeling result agrees with the experiment and helps to support our theory of the fast temperature- independent de-trapping process.
Dynamic Memory Management for Hybrid DRAM-NVM Main Memory Systems

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) is a promising alternative to DRAM in embedded systems due to its attractive characteristics. However, the endurance of NVM is limited and influences greatly its adoption in embedded systems. To reduce the write times on NVM for hybrid DRAM-NVM main memory systems, this paper proposes a new memory management algorithm, called DMA, which measures write pressure of programs and allocates the appropriate memory (NVM or DRAM) for these programs. According to the experimental results, the proposed algorithm can reduce the number of writes on NVM by 40%~60% compared with the case without this algorithm. Moreover, the experiment results also indicate that DMA can decrease NVM write times by 50% on average, regardless how many programs are running at the same time. These results prove that DMA is able to extend NVM lifetime for hybrid DRAM-NVM main memory systems.
A High-Throughput Fibre Channel Data Communication Service

Fibre Channel Data Communication Service (FCDCS) is proposed in this paper that implements an optimized peer-to-peer communication mechanism based on SCSI target mid-level subsystem. FCDCS uses the standard FCP protocol mapping and vendorspecific commands, and the command descriptor blocks (CDBs) defined in this paper. It maintains full compatibility with the Fibre Channel standard. FCDCS can operate with QLA2342 (2Gb/sec) Fibre Channel Host Bus Adapters (HBA) from Qlogic corporation, and can operate in arbitrated loop (FC_AL), switched fabric, or point-to-point topology. With FCDCS, CPU's loads have been reduced as data transfers directly to and form user buffers by bypassing host memory. Data throughput has been increased greatly by transferring data in larger package. Off-the-shelf 2Gb/sec FC host bus adapters are used in the experiments.
Study on ZigBee network-based monitoring data transmission of power line

There are many problems should be solved in long chain-like ZigBee network which is used to monitor power transmission line, such as the funnel effect of sink node, and the competition of communication between nodes and large data transmission delay caused by enhancing the transmitting power of sensor nodes, this paper provides a method to solve the above-mentioned problems. It is through the multi-sink node cooperation to solve the bottleneck problem, and process the competition of communication between nodes by channel adjustment. Finally, the paper analyzed the method and provided simulation experiment results. Simulation results show that the method can not only solve the funnel effect of the sink node, but also has a good real-time.
AC Loss Characteristics of a Cylindrical High Temperature Superconductor

A cylindrical high temperature superconductor (HTS) is often used in power applications such as power transmission cables and matrix fault current limiters. In commercialization of these apparatuses, AC loss is a critical factor but not elucidated completely because of complexities in its measurement, e.g. non-uniform current distribution and phase difference between currents flowing in an individual HTS tape. We have prepared two cylindrical conductors composed of a Bi-2223 tape with different critical current density and one hollow conductor made of Bi-2212 bulk material. In this paper, the AC loss characteristics of the conductors have been experimentally investigated and numerically analysed. The results show that the measured losses for all the conductors are not dependent on both arrangements and contact positions of a voltage lead. This implies that most of loss flux is only in the conductors. The loss for the Bi-2223 conductor with high critical current density is in good agreement with the numerically calculated one based on the polygon model, whereas the loss measured for the Bi-2223 conductor with low critical current density coincides with the calculated loss from the monoblock model.
Transient Thermal Resistance Test of Single-Crystal-Silicon Solar Cell

This paper reports the measurement of the junction temperature and the determination of the thermal resistance of the single-crystal-silicon solar cell under the dark and illuminating conditions, respectively. Under the dark condition, the solar cell is considered as a conventional p-n junction and is subject to a reverse current in order to measure its junction temperature and determine the thermal resistance. A white LED array is used as the light source to operate the solar cell in order to avoid the heating effect of the infrared light by the solar simulator. Furthermore, we thoroughly calculate the thermal dissipation power. The result demonstrates that the thermal resistance drops from 3.7 to 2.0 K/W with the increase of the irradiance from 89.6 to 194.3 $\hbox{W/m}^{2}$. It is also found that the thermal resistance under the dark condition is much higher than that under the illuminating condition, which is attributed to the light effect on the thermal resistance.
Rate-distortion optimal video summary generation

The need for video summarization originates primarily from a viewing time constraint. A shorter version of the original video sequence is desirable in a number of applications. Clearly, a shorter version is also necessary in applications where storage, communication bandwidth, and/or power are limited. The summarization process inevitably introduces distortion. The amount of summarization distortion is related to its "conciseness", or the number of frames available in the summary. If there are m frames in the original sequence and n frames in the summary, we define the summarization rate as m/n, to characterize this "conciseness". We also develop a new summarization distortion metric and formulate the summarization problem as a rate-distortion optimization problem. Optimal algorithms based on dynamic programming are presented and compared experimentally with heuristic algorithms. Practical constraints, like the maximum number of frames that can be skipped, are also considered in the formulation and solution of the problem.
A novel calibration method with iterative correction

The implicit calibration is always needed for many visual hull reconstruction in a canonical world coordinate. We use a translational planar object for camera calibration instead of the object with known 3D geometry. However, there is an unavoidable inaccuracy in manufacture and assembly of planar object, that leads to the planar object deviate from the space of 3D calibration object. The deviation of planar object causes an error of control point's world coordinate. This error will decrease calibration precision directly. We propose a correction approach by which the accurate camera calibration is achieved. The original information of control point is used to compute an initial set of camera parameters. With these parameters, we calculate a skew-correction coefficient matrix by which the error of information of the control point is corrected. The new information is used to optimize a set of new camera parameters. This process is then repeated until convergence. In many experiments based on real images, the pixel reprojection errors obtained by our method are about 30% lower than those of traditional method. Increased accuracy of camera calibration directly leads to improvement in 3D reconstruction.
A Programming and Practice on the Simulation about CNC Machining on Two-Dimensional Graphics

The paper used Windows XP as the operating system, and used Visual C++ 6.0 software as the developing tool, developed a system about simulation of CNC machining on two-dimensional graphics. The purpose is to complete the simulation of NC machining process with computer program. This paper illustrates the principles of programming and establishes a number of two-dimensional graphics simulations. The system can well express the theory of motion control, servo motor drive and its application.
Rate-Distortion Optimization for Internet Video Summarization and Transmission

The goal of video summarization is to generate a shorter video sequence of a lengthy original sequence using only the key frames of the original sequence. We consider a video summarization scheme that generates a video summary that can be transmitted over an unreliable network such as the Internet with minimum distortion of the original video. We consider two methods of distortion measurement in our optimization scheme, and we apply the methods to a scenario in which feedback is available with the possibility of retransmitting lost packets. Simulation results showing the effectiveness of using the proposed schemes are presented
Two Phases Algorithm of Transport Network Design Problem

The transport network design problem deals with how to add or improve some edges on an existing transport network using quantitative analysis method. This paper put forward two phases algorithm of transport network design based on network optimization, which concludes enumerating all cut sets and resolving single-side domination set problem of weighted bipartite graph. Firstly, a single-side domination set problem of weighted bipartite graph is defined, along with the corresponding algorithm. Then two phases algorithm of transport network design is constructed by combining the algorithm mentioned above with the algorithm enumerating all cut sets. Further, the complexity of algorithm is analyzed, and it is proved that the algorithm could end in finite step. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the efficiency of algorithm.
Design of a Distributed Multiaxis Motion Control System Using the IEEE-1394 Bus

This paper presents a distributed multiaxis motion control system based on the IEEE-1394 bus. In the system design, the Unified Modeling Language is employed to illustrate interactions of the objects required in the system. The developed system consists of a set of smart distributed control nodes connected one by one through the IEEE-1394 bus. Each smart node contains four modules, i.e., an IEEE-1394 interface module, a digital signal processor module, a field-programmable gate array module, and a digital-to-analog converter module. It accomplishes its own control task and coordinates with the others through information exchanges, sampling sensor signals, and controlling actuators. A scheduled communication protocol is proposed according to the criteria in terms of bounded time delay and guaranteed transmission. Time delays arising from data processing and message transmission are analyzed. A platform is built, and experiments are conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed distributed control system for real-time communication and synchronous tracking control, which are required for multiaxis applications. The results verify the feasible application of the IEEE-1394 bus to distributed motion control.
Co-simulation of rigid-flexible coupling system for turn-milling center

Aiming at the problems of selection for motor parameters and mechanism design of the turn-milling centre, the model of the machining centre is simulated kinematically and dynamically by virtual prototyping technology. A 3D model of the machining centre is developed by UG software, and the assembly model is transformed into ADAMS to form a virtual prototype simulation model based on multi-body dynamics. In order to get more accurately the dynamics of turn-milling centre in the simulation process, the co-simulation method using ADAMS and ANSYS is put forward in the paper, and its important components are regarded as flexible bodies and other parts are rigid bodies to form the rigid-flexible coupling system. The designers cannot only observe the three dimensional dynamic movements in the virtual circumstance by the method, but also forecast accurately and solve possible problems during design before the prototype is manufactured, assuring the feasibility of the motor selection and designs for mechanism framework and control system, shortening the period of the product design and reducing the cost of production.
Clearinghouse activity for geodata obtaining in the World Wide Web

Digital geodata are precious resources both for a nation and for a person. With the rapid development of networks such as the Information Highway and WWW, widely distributed geodata stimulate users' needs. There is now an urgent appeal for the publication of the geodata. Because of the abundant information on the Internet, geodata may be difficult to discover and to use. In this article, we introduce a clearinghouse activity which can search for the proper geodata based on meta data using Z39.50 protocol. We also present some basic concepts about it and its working mechanism. We then discuss some key technologies to implement a clearinghouse node and ways to improve the service as well.
Effect of Cutting Parameters on the Cutting Force in the End Milling of GH4169 Superalloy

GH4169 is a difficult-to-cut nickel-based superalloy commonly used in aerospace industry. This paper presents a cutting force prediction model in the end milling of GH4169 superalloy with carbide tools by orthogonal experiment. The variance analysis is applied to check the significance of the model, accuracy of the model is verified by experiment. The effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force is also studied. The results show that the prediction model is reliable. Among all four parameters the most influential parameter is axial depth of cut, followed by feed per tooth. The cutting force decreases as the cutting speed increases. On the contrary, the cutting force increases as the feed per tooth, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut increase.
Random-telegraph-noise by resonant tunnelling at low temperatures

We have found a systematic way to identify the bias conditions to observe the Random-Telegraph-Noise (RTN) in advanced Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistors (MOSFETs). We measured a p-type MOSFET at 2K, and found narrow bias conditions to observe the RTN presumably caused by charge trapping and de-trapping, which were only observed at low temperatures. It will pave the way to address the nature of a trap, which will be useful to understand the mechanism of RTN to secure the reliability.
CloudSync: Multi-nodes Directory Synchronization

Directory synchronization aims to maintain the consistency of specified directories. These directories come from different computers and the process of synchronization requires several steps: differences found, differences propagation, conflict discovery, conflict resolution, changes merge. In WAN environment, multi-node directories synchronization has some important features, frequently joining or leaving nodes, concurrent modification, complicate network connection and routing. CloudSync, a multi-nodes directory synchronization system has been proposed. CloudSync compares the current state of directory with last synchronization state to discover the changed files. A master node is used to save and transfer copies of the client changed files. CloudSync proposed a new algorithm which combines the conflict discovery mechanism of SVN with the Vector Clock algorithm to manage the replication files and find conflicts quickly. Eventual consistency between the multi-nodes has been guaranteed.
The treadmill effect on the utility of quality of working life

Quality of work life (QWL) is an important integral part of quality of life. It has become critical at todaypsilas human resources management. Some analysis on quality of working life is made from the perspective of product utility. Based on the different degree of observability of the behaviours of consumption, QWL is categorized into five kinds of experienced items. It highlights the two variables affecting the utility level of experienced items, which are satisfaction level and expected utility level. It also analyzes how the treadmill effect affects the two variables and the different experienced items. The hedonic adaptation can impact on the satisfaction level for experienced item, and social comparison impact on the expected utility level. The more observable the experienced item is, the more significant it shows impact from the treadmill effect and vice versa.
Determining Junction Temperature in InGaN Light-Emitting Diodes Using Low Forward Currents

We propose an experimental method that determines junction temperatures in light-emitting diodes by measuring currents while holding the low forward voltages constant. In this procedure, we first calibrate current-temperature-rela- tionship parameters under the condition of negligible thermal generation. With one of the two parametric values, we discover the existence of a forward voltage peak that yields most sensitive measurements of the junction temperature. Results show a nearly linear relationship between the algorithmic currents and temperature reciprocals with high testing precision.
Design based on floating accompanied with heat oil collection device and analysis of its application

As fixed oil collection device exists problem in practical application, this article puts forward a design based on floating accompanied with heat oil collection device. By contrasting process flow of fixed oil collection device and the device designed in the article, the design of floating device is proved to be high efficient and environmental protection. By means of industrial application experiment and statistic analysis, the new floating device is verified to be practical and energy conservation. Therefore, it provides an oil transporting device, which is high effective, energy conservation and environmental protection, to sewage treatment and oil water storage tank system for oil field, refinery and chemical plant. This device can be applied in setting tank or setting basin to collect oil water mixture or upper layer float liquid after separating two kinds of liquid that are not dissolved to each other.