nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometers Using Noise Waves

Polarimetric synthetic aperture interferometric radiometers are analyzed, including the polarization leakage and other front-end non-idealities that can be measured and represented with S-parameters. The analysis utilizes the noise wave concept in order to account for the amplitude and phase properties of the front-end. The method is applied to a model of an entire synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer. The simulations can be used to examine and retrieve requirements for the system parameters. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated and examples of end-to-end simulation results are also given in this paper.
Public Safety Communication Using Commercial Cellular Technology

We propose a concept for public safety communication realized with IMS (IP multimedia subsystem), the cellular standards of 3GPP and packet switched transmission. Basing the solution on mainstream cellular technology leverages the economy of scale of today's commercial networks and enables migration of technical solutions and applications. Important requirements of the public safety sector are group communication, low latency, high capacity, security, reliability and interoperability for voice and broadband data services. Our analysis shows that the concept has the technology potential to meet these public safety requirements.
Real-Time 100 Gb/s NRZ and EDB Transmission With a GeSi Electroabsorption Modulator for Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

Transceivers based on electroabsorption modulators (EAM) are considered as a promising candidate for the next generation 400 GbE short-reach optical networks. They are capable of combining high bandwidth and low-power operation with a very compact layout, removing the need for traveling wave electrodes and dedicated 50  <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega$</tex-math></inline-formula> termination. In this paper, we demonstrate the first silicon-based EAM, in combination with an in-house developed SiGe BiCMOS transceiver chipset, capable of transmitting single-lane 100 Gb/s non-return-to-zero in real-time. Transmission over 500 m of standard single mode fiber and 2 km of nonzero dispersion shifted fiber is demonstrated, assuming a forward-error coding scheme is used with a bit-error ratio limit of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.8\times 10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Due to the high line rate, transmission over longer fiber spans was limited by the chromatic distortion in the fiber. As a possible solution, electrical duobinary modulation is proposed as it is more resilient to this type of fiber distortion by reducing the required optical bandwidth. We show improved performance for longer fiber spans with a 100 Gb/s electrical duobinary link, resulting in real-time sub-forward error coding operation over more than 2 km of standard single-mode fiber without any digital signal processing. Finally, the possibility of a 100 Gb/s EAM-to-EAM link is investigated.
Low-complexity wavelet-based image/video coding for home-use and remote surveillance

The availability of inexpensive cameras enables alternative applications beyond personal video communication. For example, surveillance of rooms and home premises is such an alternative application, which can be extended with remote viewing on hand-held battery-powered consumer devices. Scalable wavelet image/video coding is attractive for this application since the video can be scaled easily to many different formats including long-term viewing at low-power or even battery-operated devices. To this end, we present a modification to the SPECK wavelet image encoding algorithm which significantly improves efficient mapping on embedded systems. The key to our improvement is that the quadtree for bit assignment is stored in an efficient way such that the position of the first significant bit can be computed, so that later the code can be developed with minimal and direct memory access. This efficient storage is possible by structuring the data of the quadtree into nodes covering groups of pixels. Our approach gives a substantial reduction of the memory access and thus power consumption, which is essential for embedded applications and mobile devices.
Coupling reduction in a 2×2 high dielectric constant EBG patch array

High dielectric EBG substrates can be used in patch antenna configurations to reduce size and mitigate substrate modes keeping reasonable radiation efficiency values, η≫0.55. At the same time, in array configurations they avoid grating lobes and scan blindness phenomenon at the same time, as distance and coupling between elements can be reduced. In this paper a 2×2 array configuration using these high dielectric constant (ZTT) EBG substrates is presented. The array has been fabricated and measured showing the coupling reduction achieved by the inclusion of the EBG in a configuration with a distance between elements lower than 0,5λ0. This short distance together with the coupling reduction results in a configuration which doesn't suffer from grating lobes and scan blindness problems.
Development of field data logger for recording mission profile of power converters

Mission profile data provides useful data for a cost effective and reliable design of future power converters. The development of a field data logger using a Raspberry Pi (RBPI) and temperature and humidity sensors is presented. The collected data is analyzed and classified for the purpose of data reduction. Key parameters used in Arrhenius and Coffin-Manson equations are computed continuously using the collected data. In addition the rain-flow cycle count algorithm is implemented to record cyclic temperature variations. The prototype has been installed in an inverter for photovoltaic generation and the collected data are presented here.
Real-time 100 Gb/s NRZ-OOK transmission with a silicon photonics GeSi electro-absorption modulator

We demonstrate single-wavelength, serial and real-time 100 Gb/s NRZ-OOK transmission over 500 m SSMF with a GeSi EAM implemented on a silicon photonics platform. The device was driven with 2 Vpp without 50 Ω termination, allowing a low-complexity solution for 400 GbE short-reach optical interconnects.
A real-time video surveillance system with human occlusion handling using nonlinear regression

This paper presents a real-time single-camera surveillance system, aiming at detecting and partly analyzing a group of people. A set of moving persons is segmented using a combination of the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and the Dynamic Markov Random Fields (DMRF) technique. For a better extraction of the human silhouettes, the energy function of DMRF is extended with texture information. The mean-shift algorithm is utilized to track multiple people over the sequence. To address the human-occlusion problem, we model the horizontal projection histograms of the human silhouettes using a nonlinear regression algorithm. This model enables to automatically locate the people during the occlusions. Experiments show that the proposal has nearly same performance (also with occlusion) as the particle-filter with the benefit of being a factor of 10-20 faster in computing.
Design and Test of a 0.5 THz Dipole Antenna With Integrated Schottky Diode Detector on a High Dielectric Constant Ceramic Electromagnetic Bandgap Substrate

This paper presents the first analysis of the input impedance and radiation properties of a dipole antenna, placed on top of Fan 's three-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure, (Applied Physics Letters, 1994) constructed using a high dielectric constant ceramic. The best position of the dipole on the EBG surface is determined following impedance and radiation pattern analyses. Based on this optimum configuration an integrated Schottky heterodyne detector was designed, manufactured and tested from 0.48 to 0.52 THz. The main antenna features were not degraded by the high dielectric constant substrate due to the use of the EBG approach. Measured radiation patterns are in good agreement with the predicted ones.
Low-complexity wavelet-based scalable image & video coding for home-use surveillance

We study scalable image and video coding for the surveillance of rooms and personal environments based on inexpensive cameras and portable devices. The scalability is achieved through a multi-level 2D dyadic wavelet decomposition featuring an accurate low-cost integer wavelet implementation with lifting. As our primary contribution, we present a modification to the SPECK wavelet coefficient encoding algorithm to significantly improve the efficiency of an embedded system implementation. The modification consists of storing the significance of all quadtree nodes in a buffer, where each node comprises several coefficients. This buffer is then used to efficiently construct the code with minimal and direct memory access. Our approach allows efficient parallel implementation on multi-core computer systems and gives a substantial reduction of memory access and thus power consumption. We report experimental results, showing an approximate gain factor of 1,000 in execution time compared to a straightforward SPECK implementation, when combined with code optimization on a common digital signal processor. This translates to 75 full color 4CIF 4:2:0 encoding cycles per second, clearly demonstrating the realtime capabilities of the proposed modification.
Fast facial feature extraction using a deformable shape model with Haar-wavelet based local texture attributes

Wc propose a fast and improved facial feature extraction technique for embedded face-recognition applications. This technique applies to both face alignment and recognition and significantly improves three aspects. First, we introduce the local texture attributes to a statistical face model. A texture attribute characterizes the 2-D local feature structures and is used to guide the model deformation. This provides more robustness and faster convergence than with conventional ASM (active shape model). Second, the local texture attributes are modelled by Haar-wavelets, yielding faster processing and more robustness with respect to low-quality images. Third, we use a gradient-based method for model initialization, which improves the convergence. We have obtained good results dealing with test faces that are quite dissimilar with the faces used for statistical training. The convergence area of our proposed method almost quadruples compared to ASM. The Haar-wavelet transform successfully compensates for the additional cost of using 2-D texture features. The algorithm has also been tested in practice with a Webcam, giving (near) real-time performance and good extraction results.
Texture-adaptive skin detection for TV and its real-time implementation on DSP and FPGA

This paper presents a skin detection algorithm for TV applications, and investigates the feasibility of its real-time implementation on a DSP and an FPGA platform. We present the details of the algorithm, which combines a flexible histogram-based color feature, and a color-constrained texture feature suitable for skin detection. First we show the improvement in detection result, as compared to existing color-only detectors. Then we explore three implementations: (1) full-precision non real-time SW on DSP, (2) reduced-precision real-time SW on DSP, and (3) full-precision realtime hardware on FPGA. We conclude that even though a real-time SW implementation is possible, its quality is sub-optimal and the solution is too expensive for a practical consumer TV system. Therefore, hardware support is indispensable for full-precision realtime execution of the proposed algorithm on HD video.
Wearable Circularly Polarized Antenna for Personal Satellite Communication and Navigation

Integrating antennas into fabrics is a potential way for facilitating many applications, such as health monitoring of patients, fire-fighting, rescue work, and space and military personal communications. This paper studies possibilities to construct a flexible, lightweight and mechanically robust textile antenna for dual-band satellite use: Iridium and GPS. Different textile materials were characterized and the most promising materials were used to design, construct, and test a rectangular patch antenna. The gain and axial ratio for both bands is compliant with specifications and relatively stable under most bending conditions. The developed antenna solution allows integration into clothing.
A Mixed-Reality System for Broadcasting Sports Video to Mobile Devices

Watching sports, such as tennis and soccer, remains popular for a broad class of consumers. However, audiences might not be able to enjoy their favorite games from a television or PC when they are traveling, so mobile devices are increasingly used for watching sports video. Unfortunately, watching sports on a mobile device is not as simple as watching sports on TV. Bandwidth limitations on wireless networks prevent high bit-rate video transmission. In addition, small displays lose visual details of the sports event. Bandwidth limitations occur primarily when multiple users want to stream video on the same wireless link. These bottlenecks are likely to occur because of the popularity of an event. This article describes a camera modeling based, mixed-reality system concept. The idea is to build a 3D model for sports video, where all parameters of this model can be obtained by analyzing the broadcasting video. Instead of sending original images to the mobile device, the system only sends parameters of the 3D model and the information about players and balls, which can significantly save transmission bandwidth. Additionally, because we have full-quality information about camera modeling and also players and balls, the mobile client is able to recover the important information without loss of the visual details. In addition, we can generate virtual scenes for less important areas, such as the playing field and the commercial billboard, without changing the major story of the sports game.
Antenna design for ARCHIMEDES DAB mission: an auto-compensated approach

After the frequency allocation of a slice of the L-band for Direct Audio Broadcasting (DAB) services at the latest WARC-92 in region 2, an operational system is being studied at ESTEC under the ARCHIMEDES (Advanced Research in Communications using Highly Inclined orbits for Mobile applications and other Experiments and Demonstrations using European Satellites) program. To be effective in offering a service to the European and optionally also other regions, a multi-regional highly-elliptical orbit (M-HEO) has been selected for the system. Considering the path loss variations for the 8-hour, 6-satellites constellation, it is possible to design an antenna to provide constant coverage throughout the active arc without the need for zooming of the antenna. Two different antenna designs, a phased array antenna and a scanning semi-active multimatrix antenna, were proposed and carried out for the mission.<<ETX>>
Design, reliability and qualification of photonic crossconnects based on digital MEMS

The MEMS based fiber optical switch matrix is clearly an advanced technology for medium and large port-count optical cross-connects in optical networks. Regarding expandability, performance (as integration, insertion loss, polarization dependence loss, crosstalk, uniformity, wavelength flatness, directivity, return loss) and long-term reliability (temperature storage and cycling, FIT rate) the digital MEMS based switches meet the applicable Telcordia Generic Requirements. For the first time we show that MEMS based optical switches can meet those rigorous requirements.
Stain normalization of histopathology images using generative adversarial networks

Computational histopathology involves CAD for microscopic analysis of stained histopathological slides to study presence, localization or grading of disease. An important stage in a CAD system, stain color normalization, has been broadly studied. The existing approaches are mainly defined in the context of stain deconvolution and template matching. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to this problem by introducing a parametric, fully unsupervised generative model. Our model is based on end-to-end machine learning in the framework of generative adversarial networks. It can learn a nonlinear transformation of a set of latent variables, which are forced to have a prior Dirichlet distribution and control the color of staining hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images. By replacing the latent variables of a source image with those extracted from a template image in the trained model, it can generate a new color copy of the source image while preserving the important tissue structures resembling the chromatic information of the template image. Our proposed method can instantly be applied to new unseen images, which is different from previous methods that need to compute some statistical properties on input test data. This is potentially problematic when the test sample sizes are limited. Experiments on H&E images from different laboratories show that the proposed model outperforms most state-of-the-art methods.
A Flexible Heterogeneous Video Processor System For Television Applications.

A new video processing architecture for high-end TV applications is presented, featuring a flexible heterogeneous multi-processor architecture, executing video tasks in parallel and independently. The signal flow graph and the processors are programmable, enabling an optimal picture quality for different TV display modes. The concept is verified by an experimental chip design. The architecture allows several video streams to be processed and displayed in parallel and in a programmable way, with an individual signal quality.
EBG Superstrate Array Configuration for the WAAS Space Segment

Two different electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) superstrate array antenna configurations, intended for the wide area augmentation service space segment, are presented in this paper. The described antenna configurations take advantage of the directivity enhancement produced by a semireflective sheet placed parallel to a metallic ground plane. The first design presented is realized using a 2times2 circularly polarized (CP) patch array illuminating an EBG superstrate composed of a square pattern of circular holes etched in a thin metallic sheet. The second design consists of a 2times2 CP helix array feeding a hexagonal pattern of holes etched into a metallic EBG superstrate. Both configurations have been designed, breadboarded, and measured, and excellent agreement between simulations and measurements has been recorded. The accurate control of the antenna pattern phase center variation with both the frequency and the antenna field of view, necessary for the intended navigation antenna application, has been the principal challenge of this work. The EBG technology designs presented here are simpler than conventional navigation antennas and can lead to cost reduction, beamforming network simplification, and height reduction while offering similar radio-frequency performances to equivalent products realized in conventional technology.
Cost-effective and high-density integration of monitoring photodetector arrays onto polymeric guided-wave components

We report on a hybrid coupling concept which allows high-density integration of top illuminated photodetector arrays with polymeric guided-wave based optical network components by means of a micromachined submount with an integrated mirror. The etching of a complementary alignment structure into the polymeric layer stack allows passive assembly with a 1.0 dB alignment tolerance range of about 40 /spl mu/m. A prototype 8-channel detector module integrated with a straight single mode polymeric waveguide array exhibited a coupling efficiency of about -7.7 dB and an average crosstalk value of -21.3 dB between adjacent channels at 1300 nm.
Thin-film flexible barriers for PV applications and OLED lighting

To protect organic flexible devices from the ambient, they have to be encapsulated. Depending on the application in mind (OLED lighting, PV) different thin-film encapsulation methodology can be chosen. Each encapsulation process has different requirements and fabrication process freedom might be restricted, for example by mechanical reliability requirements or the total cost of the end product. Here we will show our recent investigations into different thin-film barriers with respect to their application and the route to production.
Slot antennas fed by coplanar waveguide

In millimeter and submillimeter wavelength applications, coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed slot antennas are receiving increasing attention. Various problems in their analysis justify the need to reduce the number of basis functions in the moment method (MoM) scheme for the analysis of CPW fed slots, which is the main scope of this paper. In order to define these basis functions, canonical equivalent geometries are identified. The accuracy and the effectiveness of the method in terms of convergence and number of unknowns is demonstrated by comparison with a standard fine mesh full-wave analysis. Moreover, due to the reduced dimension of the MoM matrix the accuracy needed in the calculation of the various mutual coupling integrals can be relaxed without introducing significant errors in the matrix inversion.
In-Band Label Extractor Based on Cascaded Si Ring Resonators Enabling 160 Gb/s Optical Packet Switching Modules

Photonic integration of optical packet switching modules is crucial to compete with existing electronic switching fabrics in large data center networks. The approach of coding the forwarding packet information in an in-band label enables a spectral-efficient and scalable way of building low-latency large port count modular optical packet switching architecture. We demonstrate the error-free operation of the four in-band label extraction from 160 Gb/s optical data packets based on photonic integrated silicon-on-insulator ring resonators. Four low-loss cascaded ring resonators using the quasi-TM mode are used as narrowband filters to ensure the detection of four optical labels as well as the error-free forwarding of the payload at limited power penalty. Due to the low-loss and less-confined optical quasi-TM mode the resonators can be very narrowband and have low insertion loss. The effect of the bandwidth of the four ring resonators on the quality of the payload is investigated. We show that using four rings with 3dB bandwidth of 21 pm and only an insertion loss of 3 dB, the distortion on the payload is limited (<;1.5 dB power penalty), even when the resonances are placed very close to the packet's central wavelength. We also investigate the optical power requirements for error-free detection of the label as function of their spectral position relative to the center of the payload. The successful in-band positioning of the labels makes this component very scalable in amount of labels.