nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent reliability model of components with strength degradation based-on gamma process

In the evaluation of structural reliability, failure is defined as the event in which stress exceeds a strength that is liable to deterioration. A method is presented to consider stochastic loading and strength degradation for computing the time-dependent reliability of a structural component. The deterioration process is modeled as a gamma process, which is a stochastic process with independent non-negative increments having a gamma distribution with identical scale parameter. The stochastic process of loads is generated by a Poisson process. Numerical analysis of example shows this time-dependent reliability model provides accurate results.
A Semiparametric Bayesian to Poisson Mixed-Effects Model for Epileptics Data

In the development of Poisson mixed-effects model (PMM), it is assumed that the distribution of random effects is normal. The normality assumption is likely to be violated in many practical researches. In this paper, we develop a semi parametric Bayesian approach for PMM by using a truncated and centered Dirichlet process (TCDP) prior to specify the distribution of random effects. A hybrid algorithm combining the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is presented for obtaining the joint Bayesian estimates of unknown parameters and random effects and their standard errors. A simulation study and a real example are used to illustrate the proposed Bayesian methodologies.
A Liquid-Level Sensing Technique Based on Differential Detection of Correlation Peaks From Broadband Chaos

A highly sensitive liquid-level sensing technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two narrowband fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with high reflectivity are used to filter out the two light signals from the broadband chaos. Two weak FBGs are served respectively as the liquid-level sensors at two different sensing points. The change of liquid-level will induce the wavelength shift of the weak FBGs, which can be demodulated through calculating the amplitude difference in the logarithm of two cascaded correlation peaks in the cross-correlation spectrum. Adopting the differential calculation of the cascaded correlation peak amplitudes can avoid the complex wavelength detection and enhance the robustness against the power variation of the broadband chaos. Our method can also support the simultaneous multiplexing and locating with high resolution from the time delays of the corresponding correlation peaks. Experimental results show that the liquid level changes linearly with the relative peak amplitude difference in the logarithm and the sensitivity is around 0.019/mm. The sensing resolution of liquid-level can reach at least 3 mm, and the relative resolution is around 0.055. Moreover, the real-time fiber fault monitoring can be achieved with a spatial resolution of around 2.8 cm, which improves the survivability in harsh environment.
Is the OR Rule a Good Choice for Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks?

This paper addresses the problem of the optimal fusion rule adopted in cooperative spectrum sensing over different channels. Evidence from the previous literatures suggests that OR rule is a good choice for cooperative spectrum sensing. After deeply research, we find the fact is not such. Extensive analysis and numerical simulations confirm that OR rule is a good choice in a few cases, such as Rayleigh channels with small cognitive networks. However, Majority rule is the optimal fusion rule in most cases, such as Rayleigh channels at lower average SNR with large cognitive networks, AWGN channels and Nakagami channels(m¡Y3).
Nonlocal matting

This work attempts to considerably reduce the amount of user effort in the natural image matting problem. The key observation is that the nonlocal principle, introduced to denoise images, can be successfully applied to the alpha matte to obtain sparsity in matte representation, and therefore dramatically reduce the number of pixels a user needs to manually label. We show how to avoid making the user provide redundant and unnecessary input, develop a method for clustering the image pixels for the user to label, and a method to perform high-quality matte extraction. We show that this algorithm is therefore faster, easier, and higher quality than state of the art methods.
HTTP Proxy Server Based on Real-Time Link

This paper introduces the design and implementation of HTTP proxy server based on real-time link. The real-time link packages UPLink and PSLink into a link. The UPLink is the link between user and proxy server, and PSLink is the link between proxy server, and target server. These two links exist and close together, and it can solve the problem of link’s closed incompletion. This approach can reduce network congestion and improve the efficiency of proxy server.
A Method of Pattern Feature Extraction for Clothing Texture

In order to improve the information elements in fashion design display ability, feature extraction and pattern information for modeling clothing texture, a clothing texture pattern texture segmentation method the dynamic characteristics and speed up robust feature matching based on sparse interference on clothing texture acquisition case scattered point segmentation and denoising, color the introduction of Hessian component RGB scale clothing texture pattern decomposition method to decompose, clothing texture pattern feature extraction by the interference of texture segmentation, using Taubin smoothing operator clothing texture map in case of three-dimensional reconstruction of image pixel space, linear texture pattern reorganization of the clothing RGB component by Radon transform, to achieve the extraction of pattern features for clothing texture. The simulation results show that the extracted pattern features by using this method to achieve the texture of the clothing, clothing color information fusion of shape vision information can improve the information expression ability of dress texture, and the feature extraction of output pattern is better.
High power factor single-phase AC/DC converter with DC biased hysteresis control technique

This paper presents a DC biased hysteresis control method for a high power factor (HPF) single-phase AC/DC converter, which shows the advantages of fixed switching frequency continuous current operation even at zero crossing period and under light load condition, and therefore more decreased total harmonic distortion (THD) and much higher power factor (PF) of the input line. Parameter design and computer simulation, as well as experimental results are discussed.
Adaptive Perona–Malik Model Based on the Variable Exponent for Image Denoising

This paper introduces a class of adaptive Perona-Malik (PM) diffusion, which combines the PM equation with the heat equation. The PM equation provides a potential algorithm for image segmentation, noise removal, edge detection, and image enhancement. However, the defect of traditional PM model is tending to cause the staircase effect and create new features in the processed image. Utilizing the edge indicator as a variable exponent, we can adaptively control the diffusion mode, which alternates between PM diffusion and Gaussian smoothing in accordance with the image feature. Computer experiments indicate that the present algorithm is very efficient for edge detection and noise removal.
Spatial selection for attentional visual tracking

Long-duration tracking of general targets is quite challenging for computer vision, because in practice target may undergo large uncertainties in its visual appearance and the unconstrained environments may be cluttered and distractive, although tracking has never been a challenge to the human visual system. Psychological and cognitive findings indicate that the human perception is attentional and selective, and both early attentional selection that may be innate and late attentional selection that may be learned are necessary for human visual tracking. This paper proposes a new visual tracking approach by reflecting some aspects of spatial selective attention, and presents a novel attentional visual tracking (AVT) algorithm. In AVT, the early selection process extracts a pool of attentional regions (ARs) that are defined as the salient image regions which have good localization properties, and the late selection process dynamically identifies a subset of discriminative attentional regions (D-ARs) through a discriminative learning on the historical data on the fly. The computationally demanding process of matching of the AR pool is done in an efficient and innovative way by using the idea in the locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) technique. The proposed AVT algorithm is general, robust and computationally efficient, as shown in extensive experiments on a large variety of real-world video.
The Effect of Routing-Load Dispersion on Congestion Control in Structured P2P Networks

In structured P2P networks, the heterogeneity of node capacity, the skewness in query pattern and the greedy routing strategy could result in the load imbalance problem. However, existing load balancing algorithms for structured P2P networks mainly focused on handling the heterogeneity among nodes and the skewed workload. To deal with the load imbalance issue caused by the greedy routing strategy, we propose a routing load dispersion (RLD) mechanism for structured P2P networks in this paper. The mechanism manages to disperse the routing load of queries among nodes so that more nodes have a chance to dedicate their capacities for routing. By dispersing the routing load, the RLD mechanism is able to make use of the free capacity in the network and avoid the congestion effectively. We also evaluate the RLD mechanism by extensive simulations and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of RLD mechanism on congestion control under different workload and churn levels.
New generation digital longitudinal feedback system for Duke FEL and HIγS facilities

To cure harmful longitudinal coupled-bunch mode beam instabilities during high-current and multi-bunch beam operations at the Duke free electron laser (FEL) and high intensity gamma-ray source (HIgammaS) facilities, we have been developing a new generation digital bunch-by-bunch longitudinal feedback (LFB) system which is based on an Integrated gigasample processor (iGp-64F). In this paper, we describe the new generation digital longitudinal feedback system for the Duke FEL and HIgammaS facilities.
Practical packet analysis: Exploring the cybercriminal behind the LINE voice calls

Cybercrimes are emerging trends on the Internet. Free instant communications, like LINE or WhatsApp, bring close to our family and friends around the globe. People in Taiwan use LINE application more frequently than others. This study uses Wireshark to explore the cybercriminal behind the LINE voice calls. Some algorithms are identified to the criminal's IP address by way of LINE voice calls. It will be helpful for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) to prosecute cybercriminals, and bring them to justice.
Direct Torque Control Technique for Drive System Fed on Three-Level Inverter

Direct Torque Control (DTC) has the characters such as combined simplicity and robustness with excellent performance of torque control for the drive system. A DTC technique for drive system fed on three-level inverter and induction motor is presented, which means to select and compose right voltage vectors varying from speed working inconstant torque area . The mathematic and simulation models of this style drive system were presented and analyzed. The simulation results confirm that the control method is very effective in optimizing the frequency of switching devices, balancing the neutral point voltage of three-level inverter, and improving drive system performance.
Periodical Measurement Error With Respect to the Length of Thru in TRL Technique

This paper investigates the impact of imperfect connection on measurement results in thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration technique while the devices under test are lumped resistors, capacitors, and inductors. First, a simplified error-transfer model is proposed for theoretically analyzing the effects of imperfect connection. Then, the simulation and measurement procedure is numerically carried out a sufficient number of times to statistically testify the results from analytical derivation. To get further verification, simulation by commercial software to mimic real scenarios and measurements with microstrip test fixtures at around 0.9 GHz are performed. Analytical derivation, simulation, and measurement all show that the length of the thru periodically reduces the effects of connection errors on the measurement results. Since test fixtures are often artificially embedded in or de-embedded from the ports of the vector network analyzer, random errors are inevitably introduced to different TRL standards and most of the time these errors are the main error contributors. Thanks to the periodical property of the measurement error, the measurement precision can be improved by choosing a thru of a particular length.
Data Collection for the Detection of Urban Traffic Congestion by VANETs

Vehicle traffic congestion has become a serious urban phenomenon in recent years, resulting in a large number of negative effects both on economy and ecology. Thus, finding a way to detect traffic congestion is a highly urgent problem to be solved by scientists and politicians throughout the world. One new promising approach is the usage of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). In this paper, we study different models of detecting traffic congestion, and propose two broadcast methods, restricted 2-hop broadcast (R2HB) and probabilistic restricted 2-hop broadcast (PR2HB), used for data collection in the context of vehicle to road side unit (RSU) communication. Simulations show that R2HB and PR2HB work efficiently and expand the detection range of RSU significantly.
Fault diagnosis of civil aircraft electrical system based on evidence theory

Shafer(D-S) method has been used widely in fault diagnosis system of civil aircraft electrical system, but it has difficulty in dealing with combining evidences with high degree of conflict. In order to solve the problem, a new method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method in this paper introduces the historical data, defines the concept of modifying factor, and considers the influence of expert knowledge to basic probability assignments. The experimental results show that the new method can improve the reliability and accuracy of fault diagnosis results and enhance the performance of the system. This method is a breakthrough in the engineering application of D-S evidence theory.
An Intelligent System for Wheelchair Users Using Data Mining and Sensor Networking Technologies

According to the advancement of the medical science in recent years, Taiwan has come into the aging society. Due to the increase of elderly people, the requirement of wheelchair is increasing gradually. Therefore, we develop a system to increase the security of the wheelchair. This research is to configure sensors in a wheelchair for measuring the position and the operation of wheelchair users. If the sitting posture of the wheelchair user is bad or the wheelchair user has the danger, the system will show a warning message to tell the caregiver. According to the position shown, the caregiver can go to the area to help the wheelchair user directly. In addition, a care system running on smart phone is developed, so that the caregiver can take care for wheelchair users anywhere and anytime. Finally, a novel data mining system is designed and implemented for analyzing the wheelchair operations for wheelchair users. It can find out the incorrect or unfitting sitting posture of the wheelchair user for long periods, or environmental problems to provide more useful information for the caregiver. The caregiver can take care for the wheelchair user by this integrated system.
Study on analysis and countermeasures for present status of risk management in Chinese software industry

This work characterizes software industry and software project risk management in China nowadays, discusses the potential ways to improve risk management capability of Chinese software industry. Based on the development status of software industry, we probe into the countermeasures of software project risk management. Construct mature software companies; implement metrics program to support quantitative risk management; increase companies' scale, confront risk with large scale; strengthen research on risk management technology and enhance project managers' risk management consciousness. We will go into details of these perspectives from the viewpoint of software companies.
Iterative control approach to compensate for the hysteresis and the vibrational dynamics effects of piezo actuators

In this article, an inversion-based iterative control (IIC) approach is used to compensate for both the hysteresis and the vibrational dynamics effects of piezo actuators during high-speed, large-range tracking. We use the Hammerstein model to capture the piezo's input-output behavior and to show the convergence of the iterative control algorithm. The IIC approach is illustrated by applying it to a piezo scanner on a atomic force microscope, and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the IIC technique in accounting for both the hysteresis and vibrational dynamics effects in high-speed, large-range tracking
Modeling Government Role on the Innovation Diffusion of Infra-Technologies

In order to discuss government role on the diffusion of infra-technologies, a non-uniform model combined with the characteristics of infra-technology is proposed based on Bass model. The model first define government role through intellectual property protection and public capital investment forming the external competition effect and internal demonstration effect in the diffusion, analyze the internal and external mechanisms of government, and set the degree of government influence and effect parameters for numerical simulation through Matlab software. The main conclusions are as follows: Different levels of attention paid by government on internal and external effects forms different diffusion path; When government emphasizes on internal effects, intellectual property rights will hinder the diffusion, and increase in government provision of resources and the establishment of information platform and the technical standards will promote diffusion; When government emphasizes on external effects, intellectual property rights will in short term promote diffusion through stimulating innovators, however, It will hinder diffusion in long term due to the negative impacts of demonstration effect exceeding the positive impacts of competition effect.
An approach for optimizing the reconfigurable antenna and improving its reconfigurability

In order to reduce the complexity of the antenna and improve its reconfigurability, a multi-port network algorithm and a function of minimum probability (MP) are proposed. This function is used to evaluate the effects that different switches on the overall reconfigurability of the antenna. During the simulation process, switches to be evaluated are turned on and off, respectively; while the other switches are in ON and OFF randomly. After receiving the impedance matrix of the Z matrix in that way, and evaluating each switch in the state of on and off by calculating the matrix network, those switches which have less contribution to the reconfigurability can be removed by sorting the minimum probabilities from bigness to smallness. To verify the feasibility of this method, a multi-switch reconfigurable antenna is introduced. The number of switches is reduced from 85 to 12 while still has the ability of reconfiguration at the entire band of 2 to 7 GHz. What's more, the probability of resonance at each frequency has been increased.
The Industry Information Oriented Construction and Operating of E-Exchange

The main role of E-Business in the information revolution concentrates on reconstructing and optimizing the traditional business model and the mechanism of value-creating. With the development of the industry information, many types of e-markets have been emerging, and E-exchange is just one of them. On the background of Guangdong Plastics Exchange’s practical program construction, the article summarizes and analyses the concept and characters of E-exchange on the basic of the construction of the plastics exchange e-market, and describes all its functions, as well as opens out the business model and operation mechanism. Finally, it points out that developing and constructing staple commodity exchange e-markets that orient to different industries, would be an important prospect of the industry information in future in China.
Dynamic Analysis of Landscape Change in Nanning Based on RS and GIS

Based on the RS and GIS, the remote sensing images of 1990, 1999 and 2009 were used as the basis of the data sources to obtain the changeable information of landscape in Nanning in 3 periods and then analyze the changing of it's dynamic landscape structure .The results show that: during the years, from 1990 to 2009, the area of landscape components and the quantity of patches, both changed dramatically in Nanning urban area, which mainly expressed as, farmland, forestland and water region were converted into building land in high proportion. Landscape matrixes were changed, from agricultural land to construction lands. Both quality and density of landscape patches decreased by approximate 35%. Indexes did not experience many changes such as, mean shape index, average fractal dimension, Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index. Urban landscape showed a trend to become simplification and single.
Face detection for automatic exposure control in handheld camera

Face detection is a widely studied topic in computer vision, and advances in algorithms, low cost processing, and CMOS imagers make it practical for embedded consumer applications. As with graphics, the best cost-performance ratio is achieved with dedicated hardware. The challenges of face detection in embedded environments include bandwidth constraints set by low cost memory and a need to find parallelism. Consumer applications need reliability, calling for a hard real-time approach to guarantee that deadlines are met. We present a face detection system for automatic exposure control in a handheld digital camera or camera phone. Contributions include a complexity control scheme to meet hard real-time deadlines, a hardware pipeline design for Haar-like feature calculation, and a system design exploiting several levels of parallelism. The proposed architecture is verified by synthesis to Altera’s low cost Cyclone II FPGA. Simulation results show the algorithm can achieve about 80% detection rate for group portrait pictures.
The 8-bit Parallel CRC-32 Research and Implementation in USB 3.0

This thesis proposed 8-bit parallel CRC-32 in order to meet the high throughput of USB3.0. The highest speed of USB3.0 reaches 5G bps. Firstly, we researched the Data Packet structure and the principles of the CRC-32 in the USB3.0 Specification. Secondly, deduced the equation of the 8-bit input data and the CRC-32. Finally, implemented the CRC-32 coding and decoding by the verilog HDL, verified the correctness of the design. The 8-bit parallel CRC-32 can process 8 bits every clock cycle.
Evolution of the TiO2 membrane on ITO PET substrate applied to a lactate biosensor using a potentiometric differential readout circuit

A novel miniaturized lactate biosensor is proposed in this study. The structure includes miniaturized lactate biosensors, a reference electrode, and an instrumentation amplifier. The proposed device is simple and convenient to manufacture. The readout circuit adopts a potentiometric differential system. Moreover, the novel measurement system improves the drift effect and obtains a more linear curve in the lactate solution range between 0.6 mM and 5 mM. The corresponding lactate sensitivity is about 13.82 mV/mM.