nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving Obstacle Removal via Low Rank Decomposition

Obstacle removal is a classic problem in image processing. Because the content behind obstacle can't be deduced only from one image, we introduce a motion obstacle removal problem from an image sequence. It is regarded as a sparse problem with the obstacles as noise. First we match the images with image features to transform the images to the same camera coordinate system. The features of motion objects are not included, which are detected by the big offset of matching features in neighbor images. Then a matrix is constructed with each matched image as column. Without obstacles, each column should be the same. So we decompose the matrix into a low rank matrix and a sparse matrix. According to the low rank we can get the background image without obstacles. Compared to previous methods, the method can restore the background image correctly without any interaction. The experiments show the results are ideal.
Compression of M-FISH images using 3-D ESCOT

This paper introduces a lossy to lossless coding technique for compression of multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) images using 3-D embedded subband coding with optimal truncation (3-D ESCOT) (Xu et al.). With a lifting-based integer wavelet decomposition, 3-D ESCOT achieves about twice as much compression as Lempel-Ziv (WinZip) coding-the current method for archiving M-FISH images. The lossy coding performance of 3-D ESCOT is significantly better than that of 2-D based JPEG-2000.
Further results on mean square exponential stability of uncertain stochastic delayed neural networks

This letter is concerned with the mean square exponential stability problem for a class of uncertain stochastic neural networks with time-varying delay. The activation functions are assumed to be neither monotonic, nor differentiable. The proposed delay-dependent stability criterion is derived by utilizing the constructed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the novel technique. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed method.
Highly Sensitive Twist Sensor Based on Partially Silver Coated Hollow Core Fiber Structure

Interferometer based on multiple beam interferences inside a hollow core fiber (HCF) structure (also known as an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide) has been attracting interest of many researchers due to its periodic transmission spectrum containing high quality factor spectral dips. Functionalized HCF structures have been demonstrated for a wide range of applications in humidity, magnetic field, and biosensing. Here, we report a new application of the HCF-based structure with a partial silver coating layer for sensing of twist. It is configured by a fusion splicing a section of 4.5-mm long HCF between two standard single mode fibers (SMFs), followed by a sputter-coating of a very thin layer of silver on one side of the HCF surface. It is found that the spectral response of the partially silver coated HCF structure is very sensitive to the changes of input light polarization. An increase in sensitivity of the fiber structure to twist after deposition of the silver coating when the twist is applied to both the SMF and HCF sections is demonstrated by comparison with an uncoated HCF fiber structure. Experimental results show that twisting of the HCF section results in much greater changes in a selected dip's strength compared to that in the case of twisting the SMF section of the structure. The proposed HCF fiber sensors with 4.5-nm and 6.7 nm-thick silver layers show the highest sensitivities of 0.647 dB/°and 0.717 dB/° in the twist angles range of up to 10°. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest twist sensitivity reported for intensity modulation-based fiber sensors. Moreover, the proposed sensor offers excellent measurement repeatability.
Investigation of Humidity and Temperature Response of a Silica Gel Coated Microfiber Coupler

The humidity and temperature responses of a microfiber coupler (MFC) coated with silica gel are investigated. Two MFC structures with different waist diameters of 2.5 and 3.5 μm were fabricated by fusing and tapering two single-mode fibers using a microheater brushing technique. The influences of the coating thickness and tapered waist diameter on the sensing performance are analyzed. For the proposed sensor with a waist diameter of 2.5 μm and 8-layers thick coating, the change in the relative humidity (RH) results in an exponential blueshift with a maximum sensitivity of 1.6 nm/% RH in the range from 70 to 86% RH. In response to the temperature change, the sensor's transmission spectrum redshifts in a linear fashion with an average sensitivity of 0.55 nm/°C in the range from 20 to 40 °C. The study is important for the development of the proposed fiber structure as a humidity or temperature sensor.
Localization information-based secret key generation in wireless network to secure multimedia data

Toward legitimate delivery of multimedia data in a wireless network, the localization information-based secret key generation algorithm for the network with more than three (m>3) nodes is proposed. Using the star topology network model, the maximum secret key generation rate (MSR) of the proposed algorithm is analytically derived and validated by computer simulation. The relationship between MSR, signal-noise ratio and size of the wireless network is also verified. Results of simulation under Gaussian noise confirm the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, which can be easily applicable to the multiple nodes mobile wireless network.
Explicit measurement on depth-color inconsistency for depth completion

Color-guided depth completion is to refine depth map through structure light sensing by filling missing depth structure and de-nosing. It is based on the assumption that depth discontinuity and color edge at the corresponding location are consistent. Among all proposed methods, MRF-based method including its variants is one of major approaches. However, the assumption above is not always true, which causes texture-copy and depth discontinuity blurring artifacts. The state-of-the-art solutions usually are to modify the weighting inside smoothness term of MRF model. Because there is no any method explicitly considering the inconsistency occurring between depth discontinuity and the corresponding color edge, they cannot adaptively control the effect of guidance from color image when completing depth map. In this paper, we propose quantitative measurement on such inconsistency and explicitly embed it into weighting value of smoothness term. The proposed method is evaluated on NYU Kinect datasets and demonstrates promising results.
Chalcogenide Microsphere Fabricated From Fiber Tapers Using Contact With a High-Temperature Ceramic Surface

The fabrication and characterization of a chalcogenide glass microsphere resonator has been demonstrated. At wavelengths near 1550 nm, whispering gallery mode resonances can be efficiently excited in a 74-μm-diameter chalcogenide glass microsphere via evanescent coupling using a tapered silica glass fiber with a waist diameter of circa 2 μm. Resonances with Q-factors greater than 105 were observed. Due to the high nonlinearity properties of the chalcogenide material and the ease of fabrication process, chalcogenide microspheres offer the potential for robustly assembled fully integrated photonic devices.
Transposing Zipf's Law and its Application to the Rank of Scientific and Technical Articles of 30 Economies

The general Zipf's law studies the influence relation that frequency is suffered by rank, where rank is equivalent to the independent variable and frequency can be looked upon as the dependent variable. But after transposing these two variables, what this paper study is how rank influences frequency, where frequency matches the independent variable and rank can be regarded as the dependent variable. Besides putting forward the transposing Zipf's law, this paper discusses the rank of scientific and technical articles of 30 economies (countries and regions). The research results show that the rank effect and the inverse power function are exactly in existence. The empirical analysis of continuous 3 years indicates that the inverse power function takes place really between the rank and the number of papers. This transposing Zipf's law will obviously cause the rank effect: when rank is top, it is very difficult to be raised again; when rank is low, it is comparatively easy to be changed.
Application of modal analysis technology in the structural design of microwave components

In the structural design of microwave components, the vibration is one of the most important factors which affect the reliability. When the natural frequency of a component is accordant with outer excitation frequency, the resonance will be set up. How to obtain the natural frequency is a difficult task to the engineers. In this paper, some influential factors are discussed. And with the aid of professional software, the method of modal analysis is used to emulate the natural frequencies and the mode shape of microwave components. Based on the simulation, the designers can optimize the structure and get the best project.
Calculation method of intra-field CDU and inter-field CDU revisited for advanced immersion lithography

Wafer critical dimension uniformity (CDU) is a key parameter to characterize the performance of lithography process control. Although there have been many past studies on this topic, the difference between different calculation methods becomes increasingly significant with the continued shrink of semiconductor fabrication design rules. We present a simple study from the statistical point of view on the difference between two representative methods for the calculation of wafer CDU. The overall wafer CDU can usually break down into two parts, within-shot uniformity, or intra-field uniformity, and among-shot uniformity, or inter-field uniformity. The way to calculate intra-field uniformity is to calculate linewidth variation across the shot with each data point being averaged over difference shots. The way to calculate inter-field uniformity, however, can be different. One method is to calculate the linewidth variation across a wafer with each data point being deducted the intra-field component. The other method is to calculate the linewidth variation among different shots for each location in the shot and then average the results over all locations. We compared the CDU results calculated by the two statistical methods. And it is found that the differences are more significant when the sample is small. Also, data measured on wafers is used to well illustrate the differences.
Modification of poplar wood reforced by PF resin

The test materials of poplar were enhanced by dipping PF. Three factors, including dipping concentration, dipping time and vacuum degree, were discussed in the influence of the rate of medicine with the orthogonal test method, and the optimized impregnation process was obtained. At the same time, compression ratio, hot pressing time, hot pressing temperature were discussed in the influence of physical and mechanical properties by using single factor experiment method, the optimized hot pressing process was found. The optimized treatment process was that vacuum of 80KPa, PF of 25%, dipping time of 6h; compression rate of 25%, hot pressing temperature of 200°C, hot pressing time of 20min. Results showed that: the average parameters of poplar which was processed was that MOR of 90.1Mpa, MOE of 9199Mpa, the surface abrasion loss of 0.114g/100r, density of 0.53g/cm3, thickness expansion rate of water absorbing of 7.46% and compression deformation recovery rate of 21.86%. Physical and mechanical performance and dimension stability were improved by densification, the poplar plank after processed was in line with the standard of base material of wood multi-layer floor.
Spectrum design of RF power amplifier for wireless communication systems

One of the critical and costly components in digital cellular communication systems is the RF power amplifier. Theoretically, one of the main concerns in an RF power amplifier design is the nonlinear effect of the amplifier. Quantitatively, no explicit relationship or expression currently exists between the out-of-band emission level and the nonlinearity description related to the third-order intercept point (IP/sub 3/). Further, in experiments and analysis, it was discovered that, in some situations, using IP/sub 3/ only is not accurate enough to describe the spectrum regrowth, especially when the fifth-order intercept point (IP/sub 5/) is relatively high compared to the third-order intermodulation. In this article, we analyze the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier in CDMA (IS-95 standard), TDMA (IS-54 standard) and MIRS M-16-QAM (Motorola MIRS standard) system, give an expressions of the estimation of the out-of-band emission levels for each system expressed by power spectrum respectively, in terms of the IP/sub 3/ and the IP/sub 5/, as well as the power level of the signal. This result will be useful in the design of RF power amplifier for these wireless communication systems.
Understanding software patterns by FCA

Software patterns provide mature solutions to common software problems. They are used to realize the reuse and sharing of software domain knowledge. At present, most of these approaches to finding software patterns need a pattern library as reference. Personal coding style and domain specific requirements lead to creating new patterns or adapting existing ones and make those approaches fail. Secondly, the found patterns of those methods are presented without connection with the other patterns. This paper describes a new method to find software model. It is based concept lattice, the core data structure in formal concept analysis. The advantage of this approach is that no reference library is needed and the results are set in relation each other.
iTuCoMe: HCDFG-based incremental tuning HW/SW co-design methodology for multi-level exploration

In this paper, we present an iTuCoMe methodology which concentrates on providing a brand-new codesign framework of high-performance SoC systems for multilevel exploration. The main motivation of this work is that a fine trade-off between abstraction levels, design models and implementation accuracy can be explored under the design cycle as small as possible at system level. The proposed framework has been realized by relative algorithms and tools to map and transform a system specification to a feasible RTL implementation solution with arbitrarily linked processors, IP cores and ASICs. To improve the speed of convergence and reduce the iterative numbers of turnaround, iTuCoMe employs an incremental method to divide design space into three layers: 1) adaptive granularity for HW/SW partitioning; 2) incremental tuning for communication architecture generation; and 3) interconnect-driven high-level re-synthesis with floorplanning. Finally, we evaluate the iTuCoMe design methodology through an illustrative case study on JPEG decoder application.
Dynamic workload profiling and task allocation in packet processing systems

Computer networks require increasingly complex packet processing services on routers to adapt to new functionality, security, and performance requirements. Embedded multicore packet processing systems that can provide this capability are difficult to program and manage at runtime. We propose a novel way of representing processing tasks, obtaining runtime profiling information, and mapping tasks to processors. By duplicating processing tasks with heavy processing requirements, a more balanced workload can be obtained. The mapping algorithm considers that balance when assigning tasks to processors as well as the cost of inter-processor communication. Our evaluation results show that our approach can improve the system throughput by 2.39-2.89 times at a cost of 1.49-1.64 times higher inter-processor communication.
Study on the macro-treatment model of mine geological environment

The macro-treatment model of mine geological environment, namely the prevention treatment model, the progressive treatment model and the aftereffect treatment model, was brought forward on the basis of mining level and severity of environmental geology problems. The control factors are emphasized and the scientific measures are advocated in the prevention treatment model. The progressive treatment model focuses on the dynamic characteristics of mine geological environment in the productive mines and uses specific engineering recovery measures. The aftereffect treatment model pays attention to the effective measures and builds the model by the principle of system engineering.
Street view cross-sourced point cloud matching and registration

Object registration has been widely discussed with the development of various range sensing technologies. In most work, however, the point clouds of reference and target are generated by the same technology, such as a Kinect range camera, LiDAR sensor, or Structure from Motion technique. Cases in which reference and target point clouds are generated by different technologies are rarely discussed. Due to the significant differences across various point cloud data in terms of point cloud density, sensing noise, scale, occlusion etc., object registration between such different point clouds becomes extremely difficult. In this study, we address for the first time an even more challenging case in which the differently-sourced point clouds are acquired from a real street view. One is generated on the basis of an image sequence through the SfM process, and the other is produced directly by the LiDAR system. We propose a two-stage matching and registration algorithm to achieve object registration between these two different point clouds. The experiments are based on real building object point cloud data and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution. The newly proposed solution can be further developed to contribute to several related applications, such as Location Based Service.
Efficient Intra Mode Decision for AVS to H.264/AVC Transcoding

This paper presents an AVS to H.264 Intra video transcoder. AVS is the latest video coding standard developed by China. The two video coding standards will coexist in the market in the future, so it is necessary to transcode the AVS to H.264. The INTRA16xl6 vs. INTRA4x4 MB coding mode decision is made based on the variance of the ICT coefficients of the 8x8 blocks in the input AVS video. Then, the prediction mode will be decided using a fast mapping algorithm. The proposed approach completely avoids the MB mode and prediction mode computations in the H.264 encoding stage, the results show that our approach results in over 60% drop in encoding time with a negligible drop in PSNR.
Nonlinear neurodynamics model of heart rate variability, multifractality and chaos

A neural feedback-control model was developed to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV). The model consists of central integration of baroreceptor and chemoreceptor afferents, cardiac regulation by vagal and sympathetic efferents, acute baroreflex resetting and vagosympathetic interaction. Model simulations of HRV data from normal subjects showed that: 1) nonlinear multivariate feedbacks comprising nonadditive vagal and sympathetic influences on heart rate, baroreflex resetting and presynaptic modulation of vagosympathetic outflow contributed to the chaos-like multifractal behavior of HRV; and 2) such intrinsic chaotic behavior may be masked by random disturbances resulting from physical or behavioral activities particularly during daytime.
Implementation of Tibetan Search Engine Based on XML Documents

With the development of the Internet and computer, more and more Tibetan documents have brought large amounts of information. With time, the amount of data available has become so vast that we need ways to find information. In this paper, we discuss the Tibetan word structure and encoding, and implement a Tibetan search engine system using XML documents. Testing shows the searcher can find the Tibetan word in the XML documents quickly and correctly.
Quality assessment of a stereo pair formed from decoded and synthesized views using objective metrics

When a stereo pair is formed from a decoded view and a synthesized view, it is unclear how the overall quality of the stereo pair should be assessed through objective quality metrics. In this paper, this problem is addressed considering a 3D video represented in the format of multiview video plus depth. The performance of different state-of-the-art 2D quality metrics is analyzed in terms of correlation with subjective perception of video quality. A set of subjective data collected through formal subjective evaluation tests is used as benchmark. Results show that the measured quality of the decoded view has the highest correlation with perceived quality. If the objective quality assessment is based on the measured quality of the synthesized view, it is suggested to use VIF, VQM, MS-SSIM, or SSIM since they significantly outperform other objective metrics, including PSNR.
Quality assessment of asymmetric stereo pair formed from decoded and synthesized views

When a stereo pair is formed from a decoded view and a synthesized view, it is unclear how the overall quality of the stereo pair should be assessed through objective quality metrics. In this paper, this problem is addressed considering a 3D video represented in the format of multiview video plus depth. The performance of different PSNR-based metrics are analyzed in terms of correlation with subjective perception of video quality. A set of subjective data collected through formal subjective evaluation tests is used as benchmark. Results show that, among the considered metrics, the PSNR of the decoded view has the highest correlation with the perceived quality while the PSNR of the synthesized view has the lowest correlation.
Active crosstalk reduction system for multiview autostereoscopic displays

Multiview autostereoscopic displays are considered as the future of 3DTV. However, these displays suffer from a high level of crosstalk, which negatively impacts quality of experience (QoE). In this paper, we propose a system to improve 3D QoE on multiview autostereoscopic displays. First, the display is characterized in terms of luminance distribution. Then, the luminance profiles are modeled using a limited set of parameters. A Kinect sensor is used to determine the viewer position in front of the display. Finally, the proposed system performs an intelligent on the fly allocation of the output views to minimize the perceived crosstalk. The user preference between 2D and 3D modes and the proposed system is evaluated. Results show that picture quality is significantly improved when compared to the standard 3D mode, for a similar depth perception and visual comfort.
JPEG backward compatible format for 3D content representation

Different formats and compression algorithms have been proposed for 3D video content, but 3D images are still mostly represented as a stereo pair only. However, for enhanced 3D rendering capabilities, such as depth perception adjustment or display size adaptation, additional depth data is necessary. To facilitate the standardization process of a common 3D format, backward compatibility with legacy technologies is nec-essary. In this paper, we propose to extend the JPEG file for-mat, as the most popular image format, in a backward compatible manner to represent a stereo pair and additional depth data. We propose an architecture to achieve such backward compatibility with JPEG. The coding efficiency of a simple implementation of the proposed architecture is compared to the state of the art stereoscopic 3D image compression and storage formats.