nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture Research and Design for the Internet Content Rating Implementation System

A large number of illegal and harmful content carried over the Internet could adversely affect the national cultural security, the people's view on living and the teenager's healthy growth, and must be supervised effectively. Researching and developing the Internet content rating implementation system is one of the feasible means to accomplish Internet content rating, monitoring and filtering. Firstly, this paper analyzes the main problems concerning the Internet content rating technology. Secondly, we make a comprehensive analysis about the existing Internet content rating implementation systems according to their basic ideas, technical characteristics and shortcomings. Finally, we propose a new system design scheme about the Internet content rating. In this scheme, we not only use the existing technologies, such as the third-party rating, the digital signature, but also design some new technical schemes, including the intelligent analysis for the Internet content, the auto generating of the filtering rules, the modification detection of the Internet content. All these technologies cooperate with each other and constitute a complete, dynamic, self-adaptive and distributed Internet content rating implementation system which supervises the contents all over the Internet effectively.
A DT-based Adaptive BLUE Algorithm

As a classical active queue management algorithm, compared with RED, BLUE has many advantages. It uses packet loss and link idle events to manage congestion. However, there are still some subtle drawbacks in parameter setting for BLUE, especially there is a significant change in the number of connections can cause the queue fluctuate between overflow and underflow. In this paper, a new DT-based adaptive BLUE is proposed to improve the property of BLUE. The buffer is managed by dynamic threshold algorithm. The packet-dropping probability is determined by packet loss event, link idle event and the buffer usage ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively stabilize the queue occupation at a level and improve link utilization. It can mitigate the queue fluctuate which is caused by significant variety of connections
A new inductorless bipolar gate driver for control FET of high frequency buck converters

A new inductorless bipolar gate driver for control FET of high frequency buck converters is proposed in this paper. Compared with the conventional unipolar gate driver, the most important advantage of the new gate driver presented in this paper is that it can turn off the power MOSFETs with a negative voltage, which will significantly reduce the turn off time and thus switching loss of the power MOSFETs. In addition, the proposed bipolar gate driver has no inductor in the driver circuit; therefore it can be fully integrated into a chip. Simulation results are provided to validate the benefits of the proposed inductorless bipolar gate driver compared with conventional voltage source driver. A prototype of synchronous buck converter driven by the proposed gate driver was built to verify its functionality and advantages. At 5V input, 1.3V/25A load, in 2 MHz switching frequency, the proposed gate driver increases the efficiency from 75.8% to 77.8%. At 5V input, 1.3V/25A load, in 2.5 MHz switching frequency, the efficiency is improved from 72.9% to 76.5% by the proposed driver. Therefore, the proposed bipolar gate driver is a better choice in high frequency and high current application.
A Monte Carlo Study of Ambipolar Schottky Barrier MOSFETs

In this paper, we demonstrate a Monte Carlo simulator for ambipolar Schottky barrier MOSFETs which includes tunneling and thermal emission of electrons and holes and the appropriate treatment of carrier transport at nano-scale. The ambipolar characteristic of SB MOSFETs is reproduced by this simulator. The four operation modes in both n and p SB MOSFETs are revealed. Based on these simulations, it is summarized that the tunneling at source side dominates the carrier transport.
A novel agent-based parallel ETL system for massive data

Business Intelligence (BI) systems are crucial for enterprise improvement. They consolidate heterogeneous data from distributed sources and input high-quality data into strategic indicators. An essential component of the data consolidation is Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) which are responsible for extracting data from heterogeneous sources, transforming, restructuring and integrating them into homogenous data warehouse. Due to the deficiency of traditional ETL, the entire ETL component for massive data has decreased performance. Aiming at this challenge, we propose a novel workflow framework for parallel ETL execution based on multi-agent system. The purpose of the system is to utilize a parallel strategy to improve the efficiency of ETL process. Through research, we find that some ETL activities are often executed on the same priority or using the same input data. Based on this discovery, this paper presents a parallel ETL framework based on agent theory and multi-thread techniques. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can greatly improve the efficiency of ETL process.
3D Registration of Ultrasound Images Based on Morphology Skeleton

In order to eliminate displacement and elastic deformation between images of adjacent frames in course of 3D ultrasonic image reconstruction, elastic registration based on morphology skeleton was adopted in this paper. Feature points of connected skeleton are extracted automatically by accounting topical curvature extreme points several times. Initial registration is processed according to barycenter of skeleton. Whereafter, elastic registration based on radial basis function are processed according to feature points of skeleton. Result of example demonstrate that according to traditional rigid registration, elastic registration based on skeleton feature retain natural difference in shape for organ's different part, and eliminate slight elastic deformation between frames caused by image obtained process simultaneously. This algorithm has a high practical value for image registration in course of 3D ultrasound image reconstruction
A PVT-insensitive all digital CMOS time-to-digital converter based on looped delay-line with extension scheme

This paper presents a PVT-insensitive all digital CMOS time-to-digital converter (TDC). The proposed TDC uses hierarchical architecture including looped delay-line with extension scheme. The TDC is implemented and simulated in 0.18μm CMOS process. A calibration algorithm is proposed to make the TDC match all PVT conditions. It works with 48.98ps resolution under typical condition and the maximum measurement error is ±100ps under all PVT conditions.
An Evaluation of Heat Dissipation Capability of Slow-Wave Structures

A new experimental evaluation method is presented for evaluating and comparing the heat dissipation capability of the slow-wave structures (SWSs) of helix traveling-wave tube (TWT). The practicality and simplicity of the evaluation method have been validated through experimental tests in some components with different assembling and processing methods, such as the cold stuffing, the heat shrink, the hot insertion, the molybdenum wrapping methods, and so on. Experimental results demonstrate that our evaluation method can be used effectively and conveniently to estimate and compare the thermal dissipation capability of the SWSs of the helix TWT
An image co-registration method for wide-swath and high-resolution spaceborne InSAR

In this paper, we analyse the issue of SAR image co-registration for wide-swath and high-resolution spaceborne InSAR. A solution to this problem is proposed in which three processing procedures are adopted. First, image co-registration pre-processing is performed. There are two methods for this step: one is based on InSAR orbit and radar system parameters, and the other is based on the cross-correlation information of the master and the slave image. Second, coarse co-registration is implemented by block processing. Finally, fine co-registration is executed in order to obtain sub-pixel co-registration accuracy. Data simulation and qualitative analysis of coherence show that this method can provide accurate co-registration for wide-swath and highresolution spaceborne InSAR, and meet the practical engineering requirement.
Automatically Detecting Personal Topics by Clustering Emails

Emails play an important role in our daily life. It has been recognized that clustering emails into meaningful groups can greatly save cognitive load to process emails. Mailbox user becomes more and more concerned about how to organize and manage the emails as well as how to mine the meaningful data conveniently and effectively. This paper proposes a novel personal topics detection approach using clustering algorithm. First preprocess the emails and construct the improved email VSM(vector space model) to label the email combining the body and subject in a new method, then adopt the advanced k-means algorithm to cluster the emails and design a kernel-selected algorithm based on the lowest similarity, afterwards we get the appropriate keywords to label the topic of each cluster. Finally, experiments on 20Newsgruops email dataset show the validity of our approach and the experimental results also well match the labeled human clustering result.
A Dynamic Layering Scheme of Multicast Key Management

Group key management is a difficult task in implementing large and dynamic secure multicast. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed in the basis of in-depth analysis of the requirements of the secure multicast and group key management. The scheme is based on the multicast group security architecture and multicast security group key management architecture proposed by IETF. This scheme constructs group key based on pairings and distributes the group key using HSAH function polynomial, and manages group key making use of the dynamic layering GCKS. The scheme is better in security, lower in computation cost and communication cost. The analysis comparison proves that the scheme has strong scalability and efficiency.
An enhancement of multicast congestion control over hybrid wired/wireless networks

In wireless networks, random loss due to bit error leads to significant performance degradation to conventional multicast congestion control schemes. In this paper, we propose and study an enhanced multicast congestion control scheme, called EPGMCC (enhanced PGMCC), which achieves significant performance improvement over PGMCC over loss-prone wireless links. The key idea of EPGMCC is to discriminate random loss from congestion loss according to the measured network congestion level, and perform different actions accordingly.  1) at the sender, it adapts the AIMD algorithms in TCP Veno (Cheng Peng Fu et al., 2003) to avoid the unnecessary window-halving induced by random loss and 2) at the receiver, a new scheme is designed to better measure the loss rate and thus help the sender to select the right representative of the group. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that EPGMCC achieves significant throughput improvement over PGMCC in hybrid wired/wireless networks, furthermore, the improved throughput achieved by EPGMCC is not grabbed from the bandwidth of coexisting connections but from the utilization of available bandwidth that left unused. Throughput improvement of up to 40% can be demonstrated over typical wireless access link with 1% random loss rate.
An improved method for tracking of Characteristic Modes

The Theory of Characteristic Modes (CM) provides a powerful tool of analyzing the radiators, which exhibits the orthogonality of basis radiation patterns. The properties of CM can be exploited by eigenvalues and eigenvectors solved by the general eigenvalue equation formulated from the Method of Moments impedance matrix. So the CM is parameterized by frequency, the tracking of which can reveal the bandwidth of the structure. The existing approach of tracking modes is mainly based on correlation of quantities such as eigenvectors and far fields and that is susceptible to the fine level of mesh discretization and the length of frequency increment step. The improved method proposed in this paper increases the accuracy of tracking approach; the results show that faults are corrected by the improved method.
A control technology to achieve a low cost flicker-free single stage LED driver with power factor correction

Conventional single-stage AC-DC LED drivers with a high power factor contain significant LED current ripple at twice the AC frequency. This paper proposes an average current modulation method that is capable of driving LEDs from a voltage with large AC ripple, while maintaining zero low frequency current ripple. This allows the energy storage capacitance to be reduced, avoiding the need for electrolytic capacitors and prolongs the life of the driver. The average current modulator requires a single low voltage MOSFET, a current sense resistor and a simple control circuit, which keeps the cost of the modulator low, and the impact on efficiency to a minimum. An 8.75 W experimental prototype has been built to verify the proposed design.
A MEMS accelerometer for spindle monitoring system

Vibration acceleration detection of spindle monitoring requires that the accelerometer has an adequate measurement sensitivity and response frequency above the interested range. This paper aims at design a kind of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer that can be used in the spindle component's vibration detection. To measure the vibration acceleration of the high speed spindle accurately, the accelerometer uses the cantilever beam-membrane (CBM) structure as sensing structure. In order to verify that the design of the sensor can be used in the spindle monitoring system, the vibration signal of spindle monitoring system were tested at different rotational speed. Experimental results show that the developed sensor is able to accurately identify the vibration signals in the monitoring system.
A dynamic volume measurement system with structured light vision

In some occasions like the coal volume statistics in coal mines, the steel volume statistics in steel mills and so on, rapid measurement is required in real-time volume statistics. This paper proposed a dynamic volume measurement system based on the line structured light vision sensor. First, we accurately extract the light strip center with the Steger algorithm, and the camera intrinsic parameters are obtained with the method of Zhengyou Zhang calibration. Then, we use the rotation matrix, translation matrix, and homography matrix obtained from internal parameter calibration to calibrate the light plane, so that the light plane equation in the camera coordinate system is obtained. Finally, the three-dimensional coordinates are calculated by solving the simultaneous equations, and the 3D point clouds are obtained. So, the volume is obtained from the integration of the 3D information of point clouds. This proposed dynamic volume measurement system has a high speed and precision even in a far distance and is suitable for the occasions of the volume statistics.
An Analogue Front-End Model for Developing Neural Spike Sorting Systems

In spike sorting systems, front-end electronics is a crucial pre-processing step that not only has a direct impact on detection and sorting accuracy, but also on power and silicon area. In this work, a behavioural front-end model is proposed to assess the impact of the design parameters (including signal-to-noise ratio, filter type/order, bandwidth, converter resolution/rate) on subsequent spike processing. Initial validation of the model is provided by applying a test stimulus to a hardware platform and comparing the measured circuit response to the expected from the behavioural model. Our model is then used to demonstrate the effect of the Analogue Front-End (AFE) on subsequent spike processing by testing established spike detection and sorting methods on a selection of systems reported in the literature. It is revealed that although these designs have a wide variation in design parameters (and thus also circuit complexity), the ultimate impact on spike processing performance is relatively low (10-15%). This can be used to inform the design of future systems to have an efficient AFE whilst also maintaining good processing performance.
Effects of Ionic Doping on the Behaviors of Oxygen Vacancies in HfO2 and ZrO2: A First Principles Study

The effects of metallic ion (Al, Ti, or La) doping in HfO2 or ZrO2 on the behaviors of oxygen vacancies (VO) such as the formation energy, density of states, and migration energy were investigated by using first principles calculations. The calculations show that, 1) the doping causes an upward shift of deep VO levels; 2) dopant radius has a weak impact on the relaxed formation energy of VO (Ef) but a significant impact on the unrelaxed Ef ; 3) the relaxed formation energy Ef of VO is remarkably reduced by trivalent ion (Al or La) doping compared to by tetravalent ion (Ti) doping; 4) Al, Ti, or La doping impacts the migration barriers of VO along different directions.
A Novel Defect-Engineering-Based Implementation for High-Performance Multilevel Data Storage in Resistive Switching Memory

A novel strategy based on defect engineering is proposed for high-performance multibit data storage in oxide-based resistive random access memory (RRAM).  material-oriented cell engineering for desired modification of physical locations of generated oxygen vacancies in resistive switching layer; and 2) operation scheme to control the amount of oxygen vacancy generated in the conducting filament regions during switching. Proper doping approach is applied to suppress the formation of oxygen vacancy clusters due to the avalanching effect in the forming and set processes. Gradual resistive switching process is observed in the devices with proper doping at the proper switching operation modes. Multilevels of resistance states are measured by the optimized dc or ac switching mode. Excellent memory performance with four-level data storage (good resistance uniformity under pulse switching, retention >104 s at 150°C, and endurance >106 cycles) is successfully demonstrated in hafnium oxide-based RRAM devices, indicating the viability of the proposed engineering design strategy. The proposed methodology helps to understand the mechanism of multilevel switching and provides guidelines for the design of high-performance multibit resistive switching memory devices.
A Differentially Fed Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna

This study proposes a differentially fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna with common-mode (CM) suppression and a broad axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth for unidirectional radiation. First, the proposed antenna applies two crossed dipoles and two annular delay-line phase shifters to achieve circular polarization. Second, parasitic patches are used to broaden the AR bandwidth. Third, the crossed dipoles of the proposed antenna can be effectively excited under differential-mode operation, but not under CM operation; therefore, the antenna shows good CM suppression. The simulated results indicate that the proposed antenna has a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 31% (0.64 GHz, 1.74–2.38 GHz) at a CP center frequency of 2.06 GHz, and a wide –10 dB impedance bandwidth of 60.5% (1.30 GHz, 1.50–2.80 GHz) centered at 2.15 GHz. Besides, the CP antenna achieves stable radiation patterns and stable half-power beamwidths of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{69}}^\circ \,\pm \,{\text{2}}^\circ $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the <italic>xoz</italic> plane and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${\text{68}}^\circ \,\pm \,{\text{2}}^\circ $</tex-math></inline-formula> at the <italic>yoz</italic> plane. A prototype is fabricated and tested. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results.
Adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control of unknown multivariable nonlinear systems

In this paper, by using backstepping technique, the adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control problem is discussed for a class of unknown multivariable nonlinear systems which the control gains are unknown. By the special design scheme, the ldquoexplosion of complexityrdquo problem is avoided. Furthermore, the closed loop signals are guaranteed uniformly ultimate boundedness, and the tracking error arbitrarily small.
A novel zero voltage switched (ZVS) buck converter using coupled inductor

A novel zero-voltage switched (ZVS) buck converter using a coupled inductor is proposed in this paper. An additional winding is added on the same core of the output filter inductor for the purpose of commutation. The output inductor current is kept in continuous conduction mode (CCM) with small ripple. ZVS conditions for both switches are satisfied over wide load range. The converter can be operated at a fixed switching frequency. High switching frequency and high efficiency can be achieved due to soft switching. The proposed converter is analyzed in detail. Simulation is used to verify the analysis. The concept of ZVS using coupled inductor can also be applied to other PWM converters. ZVS-Boost and ZVS-Buck-Boost converters are derived based on the same concept.
Acceleration feedback control of a harmonic drive parallel robot

This paper presents a new 2-DOF planar parallel robot with high speed and high precision. Harmonic drive is adopted between an AC servomotor and its driven link in each drive joint, and at the same time a rotary encoder feeds the driven link angle into the position controller of each drive joint. Thus, the resolution of the drive joint is improved greatly. However, flexibility of harmonic drive during high-speed motion causes the sharp elastic vibration. Therefore, an acceleration feedback controller is especially designed to increase the damping coefficient and restrain the elastic vibration. Furthermore, the stability of the entire system including the drive joint's position controller and the acceleration feedback controller is proved using a Lyapunov approach. The experiments of trajectory tracking are conducted on the robotic system, and the results validate the proposed control algorithm, contrasted with that obtained by classical PD control without the acceleration feedback loop.
A large-signal model for current-programmed boost converter

A general and unified large-signal model for a current-programmed boost converter is proposed. In this model, the active switch is modelled by a current source and the diode is modelled by a voltage source. The other parts of the converter remain unchanged. The steady-state relation and small-signal transfer functions can also be derived directly from the proposed large-signal model. The steady state, small-signal and large-signal characteristics of a current-programmed boost converter are studied by both the phase-plane trajectory and the time domain analysis. Experimental prototypes are breadboarded to verify the analysis.<<ETX>>
An Improved Error Amplifier with Initial Voltage Reference

An improved error amplifier with initial voltage reference for power management applications is presented in this paper. Based on the structure of LDO, a simple structured and high integration voltage regulator by optimizing the circuit topology is accomplished. The characteristics of the improved error amplifier are simulated by using Hspice and Samsung Bipolar Process BCH4 device models. It achieves that the phase margin is 66.7deg, the unit gain bandwidth is 2.1MHz, the zero frequency gain is 92.7dB, the CMRR is 145 dB, and the PSRR (f = 100Hz) is -97.6dB. It is implemented in a LDO design and has been taped-out in Samsung