nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Financial Distress Prediction of China Listed Companies Based on SD Model and LSSVM

Financial distress prediction has drown a lot of research interests in previous literature, and many studies have shown that artificial intelligence techniques achieve better performance than traditional statistical ones. In this paper, we use Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) to carry through empirical study for financial distress prediction of China listed companies. The independent variables as input to LSSVM classifier are deduced by Higgins’s sustainable Development (SD) model. Result shows that the combination of SD model and LSSVM has good classification abilities.
Accelerator physics research and light source development programs at duke university

The Duke Free-Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL) has recently completed two major accelerator/light source development projects - we successfully commissioned the world's first distributed optical klystron FEL (DOK-1 FEL) and a new 0.24-1.2 GeV booster synchrotron. The DOK-1 FEL has a much improved FEL gain compared with two- wiggler optical klystrons. This allows the DOK-1 FEL to become a versatile light source for UV-VUV operation and as a driver for a high-flux Compton gamma-source. The top-off booster injector for the Duke storage ring is part of the upgrade project of High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS), a facility jointly developed by the DFELL and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. The accelerator and light source development has created new opportunities for accelerator physics research. In this paper, we will report our recent progress in accelerator and light source development as well as the ongoing accelerator physics research programs at the DFELL.
Embedded capacitors technology in printed circuit boards

All electronic systems are subjected to change; that be the trend of multitasking technologies, reducing costs, making technology smaller and more efficient. Accordingly passive devices need to be embedded in printed circuit boards by using high density interconnection (HDI) technology to fit current products. Categories of passive device include capacitors, resistors and inductors. Among which capacitors cover the largest area in all kinds of electronic products. For this reason, capacitors should be the first one to be embedded in circuit boards. The development of embedded capacitors should be divided into three parts: material, manufacturing process, and circuitry design. The materials of embedded capacitors must have high dielectric constant (Dk), low dissipation factor (Df) and have to be compatible with PCB manufacturing processes. PCB manufacturers should adjust their process parameters to embed capacitors smoothly and establish an electric library for designers. Eventually, designers can construct a circuitry which uses embedded passive devices from all the library data. According to the procedures, HannStarBoard developed embedded capacitor technology with ITRI Electronics and Opto-electronics Research Laboratories and Materials Research Laboratories (MRL) which introduces enquiries in this report.
Self-supervised learning for object recognition based on kernel discriminant-EM algorithm

It is often tedious and expensive to label large training data sets for learning-based object recognition systems. This problem could be alleviated by self-supervised learning techniques, which take a hybrid of labeled and unlabeled training data to learn classifiers. Discriminant-EM (D-EM) proposed a framework for such tasks and current D-EM algorithm employed linear discriminant analysis. However, the algorithm is limited by its dependence on linear transformations. This paper extends the linear D-EM to nonlinear kernel algorithm, Kernel D-EM, based on kernel multiple discriminant analysis (KMDA). KMDA provides better ability to simplify the probabilistic structures of data distributions in a discrimination space. We propose two novel data-sampling schemes for efficient training of kernel discriminants. Experimental results show that classifiers using KMDA learning compare with SVM performance on standard benchmark tests, and that Kernel D-EM outperforms a variety of supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms for a hand-gesture recognition task and fingertip tracking task.
A 0.5ps 1.4mW 50MS/s Nyquist bandwidth time amplifier based two-step flash-ΔΣ time-to-digital converter

We propose a 50-MS/s two-step flash-ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC) using stable time amplifiers (TAs). The TDC demonstrates low-levels of shaped quantization noise. The system is simulated in 40-nm CMOS and consumes 1.3 mA from a 1.1 V supply. The bandwidth is broadened to Nyquist rate. At frequencies below 25 MHz, the integrated TDC error is as low as 143 fsrms, which is equal to an equivalent TDC resolution of 0.5 ps.
In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP Type-I DHBTs w/ 100 nm collector and 491 GHz f,415 GHz f/sub max/

In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (Type-I DHBT) have been designed and fabricated having 100 nm drift collector and 30 nm highly doped base. The DHBTs have been scaled vertically for reduced electron transit time and aggressively scaled laterally to minimize the base-collector capacitance C/sub cb/ associated with thinner collectors. Devices employing a proven effective InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice base-collector grade (42 nm transition) exhibit a 491 GHz f and 415 GHz f/sub max/ and show no signs of current blocking until P>20 mW//spl mu/m/sup 2/ due to device self-heating. We also report devices of the same layer structure where the base-collector transition has been thinned to 25 nm exhibiting a 465 GHz f and 416 GHz f/sub max/ and show no signs of current blocking until J/sub e/>9 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ at 2.0 V/sub ce/ associated with the base-collector grade. For both, the DC current gain >40, V/sub BR,CEO/=3.1 V, and similar ideality factors n/sub c/, n/sub b/.
Single-channel speech enhancement: Using recurrent neuro-fuzzy voice activity detector and spectral subtraction algorithms

This paper investigates the effectiveness of a single-channel speech enhancement system that contains spectral subtraction and voice activity detection algorithm for noise elimination. We first extract features from a noisy signal and use these features as the inputs of a recurrent neuro-fuzzy network for detecting the voice activities of the signal. Based on the detection, we describe the characteristics of the background noise of the speech segments by a minimum frequency energy (MFE) parameter and then apply spectral subtraction algorithms with the parameter to eliminate the noise. Our simulation results show that the proposed enhancement system with a nonlinear spectral subtraction algorithm has superior performance.
Study on algorithms of parallel and distributed data mining calculating process

Based on distributed data mining, a kind of parallel and distributed calculating architecture that store partition data information into sub-nodes is introduced by using a thought of partition database and improved Apriori algorithms. It lays emphasis on the data skew in the distributed environment. A converse clustering method is proposed to solve the data skew problem. The corresponding algorithms of parallel and distributed data mining are designed based on the large-scale transaction database. Calculating processes of these algorithms are described in detail. As the parallel and distributed data are processed after effective partition, the transmitted data size is greatly reduced through efficient communication among nodes. The proposed algorithms provide a flexible and extended calculation platform, reduce overhead traffic, and keep a favorable expansibility. The proposed algorithms aim at performing network calculation and finding advantages of network calculation by using a fairly cheap computer. The proposed algorithms can be applied to large parallel or distributed single computer environment.
Performance analysis of hard fusion rules under noise uncertainty at low SNR

Spectrum sensing is a crucial issue in cognitive radio networks for primary user detection. Energy detection is widely makes the detector unreliable due to the varied noise power. In this paper, we take noise uncertainty into consideration for three kinds of hard fusion strategies (OR rule, AND rule, and Majority rule), and compare the sensing performance for these fusion rules to achieve the reliable fusion rule  in different networks and different channels (AWGN and Rayleigh). Extensive simulations indicate that AND rule performs the best for most cases over AWGN channels, while OR rule applies to the network with few sensors at low probability of false alarm. However, in Rayleigh channels OR rule is a good choice except the case that noise uncertainty is low and the number of cognitive sensors is large.
FPGA Implementation of Full Parallel and Pipelined FFT

This paper addresses the real-time demand of radix-4 FFT processor in modern digital signal processing domain. Full parallel and pipelined architecture can be a good solution while too much hardware is consumed. Therefore a useful optimization method of complex multiplier and twiddle factor which has been successfully used to implement the FFT algorithms achieving a reduction in multipliers' usage of up to 38 percent. Furthermore, we also present a useful truncation metric about fixed-point calculation.
BPM and orbit correction systems at the Duke storage ring

Stable and reliable storage ring operation critically depends on the orbit stability. At Duke, an orbit stability program is well under way to achieve the high level of orbit performance necessary for reliable free electron laser (FEL) and gamma-ray operation. Progress has been made to reduce the current dependency of BPM readings via choice of cables and band-pass filters. Beam based alignment has been carried out to accurately determine the locations of quadrupole centers. A global orbit correction system and a slow orbit feedback system have been developed. Integrated with operation, these systems have demonstrated the ability to significantly improve the overall storage ring performance.
A Fuzzy Information Retrieval Method Based on the Vector-Correlative Model

The VCM (Vector-Correlative Model) is one of the currently popular models for information searching. In this paper, author inducted Fuzzy Sets theory and approach for to construct information searching models, and presented a new VCM, which is called Fuzzy Vector-correlative Model (FVCM). So, its theory structure and user's searching quizzing mode has been dimming improved. We have show with some fringe experimentation that the new model has overcome some intrinsic defects of the exciting ones, and has raised the precision and recall of information search system.
Collector-pedestal InGaAs/InP DHBTs fabricated in a single-growth, triple-implant process

This letter reports InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) employing an N/sup +/ subcollector and N/sup +/ collector pedestal-formed by blanket Fe and patterned Si ion implants, intended to reduce the extrinsic collector-base capacitance C/sub cb/ associated with the device footprint. The Fe implant is used to compensate Si within the upper 130 nm of the N/sup +/ subcollector that lies underneath the base ohmic contact, as well as compensate the /spl sim/1-7/spl times/10/sup -7/ C/cm/sup 2/ surface charge at the interface between the indium phosphide (InP) substrate and the N/sup $/collector drift layer. By implanting the subcollector, C/sub cb/ associated with the base interconnect pad is eliminated, and when combined with the Fe implant and selective Si pedestal implant, further reduces C/sub cb/ by creating a thick extrinsic collector region underneath the base contact. Unlike previous InP heterojunction bipolar transistor collector pedestal processes, multiple epitaxial growths are not required. The InP DHBTs here have simultaneous 352-GHz f/sub /spl tau// and 403-GHz f/sub max/. The dc current gain /spl beta//spl ap/38, BV/sub ceo/=6.0 V, BV/sub cbo/=5.4 V, and I/sub cbo/<50 pA at V/sub cb/=0.3 V.
Mining up-to-date knowledge from log data

In this paper, a new concept of up-to-date patterns is proposed, which is a hybrid of the association rules and temporal mining. An up-to-date pattern is composed of an item set and its up-to-date lifetime, in which the user-defined minimum support threshold must be satisfied. The proposed approach can mine more useful large itemsets than the conventional ones which discover large itemsets valid only for the entire database. Experimental results also show the performance of the proposed approach.
An improved viterbi equalization algorithm based on the maximum likelihood sequence estimation in GSM system

In this paper, an improved viterbi equalization algorithm based on the soft-output viterbi equalization algorithm will be provided. The improved algorithm possesses the better performance in the environment of low SNR.Finally, this paper will afford the result of the simulation of comparing to the hard decision viterbi equalization and soft-output viterbi equalization.The results reveal that the improved viterbi equalization algorithm can eliminate the problem of the inter-symbol interference effectively.
Coordinate metrics and process model to manage software project risk

Purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate risks in software development process quantitatively; evaluate risks influence upon project's object, and assist management decision based on risks. The primary content of this paper is to discuss the software metrics space which support software process modeling and risk quantitative analysis, research modeling method for software process and discuss risk management method under the risk management framework of coordinating software metrics and process model. The authors bring forward software project risk management framework coordinating software metrics and process model, present a new software metrics hypercube space, construct software process two level hybrid model based on general stochastic Petri net, and suggest risk management technique coordinating software metrics and software process model
200-nm InGaAs/InP type I DHBT employing a dual-sidewall emitter process demonstrating ƒmax ≫ 800 GHz and ƒτ = 360 GHz

Type I InP/InGaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors were fabricated using a simple mesa structure, where emitter junction widths have been scaled from 250 nm to 200 nm. These devices exhibit ƒ<inf>max</inf> in excess of 800 GHz, and ƒ<inf>τ</inf> = 360 GHz. Greater than fifty percent device yield was obtained by employing two 25 nm SiN<inf>x</inf> sidewalls to protect and anchor the refractory metal emitter contact to the emitter semiconductor. A hybrid dry and wet etch process is used to form a vertical emitter mesa, causing reductions in both the emitter-base gap resistance R<inf>gap</inf> and the spreading resistance beneath the emitter R<inf>b,spread</inf>, leading to an expected and observed increase in ƒ<inf>max</inf>. Peak HBT current gains β ≈ 21–33, BV<inf>ceo</inf> ∼ 4 V, BV<inf>cbo</inf> ∼ 5 V, and J<inf>e</inf> at low V<inf>cb</inf> is over 10 mA/μm<sup>2</sup>.
Job-shop scheduling using genetic algorithm

Job-shop scheduling, a typical NP-complete problem, is an important step in planning and manufacturing control of CIMS environments. Researches on job-shop scheduling focus on knowledge-based approaches and heuristic searching which are useful apart from the difficulty of obtaining knowledge. Genetic algorithms are optimization methods which use the ideas of the evolution of nature. Simple as genetic algorithms are, they are efficient. Three novel genetic algorithms models, such as decimal idle time coding genetic algorithms (DITCGA), binary idle time coding genetic algorithms (BITCGA), and adaptive idle time coding genetic algorithms (AITCGA), are presented to design a job-shop scheduling algorithm in this paper. Using the idle processing time to code this problem, we efficiently reduce the solution space. In our approaches, an adaptive learning mechanism is applied to guide the searching or evolution process. The simulation results show the efficiency of these approaches.
Photoelectricity property of micro device based on carbon nanotubes

Being direct band-gap materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a potential to be efficient optoelectronic detection material. In order to explore this potential application, a CNTs-based device is fabricated with micromachined techniques and depositing the CNTs on the substrate surface with CVD growth methods. The structure of the CNTs-based device is characterized with SEM picture. Normally CNTs forms a schottky barrier or metal contact with the metal electrodes. The photoelectronic properties of carbon nanotubes based device with different contact mode are measured and analysised. Experimental results show that the performance of CNT based micro device can be further improved by using asymmetric contacts.
A Formal Method for Analyzing Fair Exchange Protocols

In the area of formal analyzing of security protocols, more and more attention has been given to analyzing properties of fair exchange protocols such as non-repudiation and fairness. On the basis of analyzing the limitations of existing methods, this paper presents a new method to analyze fairness and non-repudiation, in which PLTL are used to describe non-repudiation and fairness, and the model-check method is combined to analyze the properties. In this way, we can detect out one fairness flaw of fairZG protocol.
A wireless intrusion Alerts Clustering Method for mobile internet

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, people pay increasing attention to the wireless network security problem. But due to the specificity of the wireless network, at present it is rare to see the research of wireless intrusion alerts clustering method for mobile Internet. This paper proposes a Wireless Intrusion Alert Clustering Method (WIACM) based on the information of the mobile terminal. The method includes alert formatting, alert reduction and alert classification. By introducing key information of the mobile terminal device, this method aggregates the original alerts into hyper alerts. The experimental results show that WIACM would be appropriate for real attack scenarios of mobile Internet, and reduce the amount of alerts with more accuracy of alert analysis.
Detection of photon-induced excitations in 235U with LaBr3:Ce scintillating detectors

Excitations in 235U were measured with LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors using the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) technique. A NRF experiment was performed at the High Intensity y-ray Source (HIyS) facility using quasi-monochromatic circularly or linearly polarized y-ray beams. Photons scattered at 90· relative to the incident beam were detected with two different sizes of cylindrical LaBr3:Ce detectors. Clear NRF peaks at 1733 and 1815 keY corresponding to de-excitations to the ground state and/or low-lying levels in 235U were observed within 77 minutes of beam time even under the high background due to the selfactivity of LaBr3:Ce and the radioactive decay of 214Bi nuclei existing in the 235U target. The present study shows a possibility of using LaBr3:Ce detector to perform NRF experiments, promoting many options for inspection of special nuclear materials.
Analysis of planar mirror catadioptric stereo systems based on epipolar geometry

Planar mirrors have been used successfully in catadioptric stereo systems to capture stereo images with a single camera. These planar catadioptric stereo (PCS) systems not only provide radiometric advantages over traditional two-camera stereo, but also reduce the complexity and cost of acquiring stereoscopic video. Although much research has been done on the design of the PCS system, little attention has been paid to the analysis of its epipolar geometry, that is, the fundamental matrix. In this paper, we investigated features of the PCS system and proved that certain structure can be approximated by affine epipolar geometry. Experimental results verify that by using the affine model with fewer parameters, estimation of the fundamental matrix for a PCS system can be more robust, precise, and much easier to implement.
Effects of Slurry in Cu Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) of TSVs for 3-D IC Integration

In this paper, the optimization of Cu chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) performance (dishing) for the removal of thick Cu-plating overburden due to Cu plating for deep through silicon via (TSV) in a 300-mm wafer is investigated. Moreover, backside isolation oxide CMP for TSV Cu exposure is examined. To obtain a minimum Cu dishing on the TSV region, a proper selection of Cu slurries is proposed for the current two-step Cu-polishing process. First, a bulk of Cu is removed with the slurry of high Cu removal rate and second, the Cu surface is planarized with the slurry of high Cu passivation capability. The Cu dishing can be improved up to 97% for the 10-μm-diameter TSVs on a 300-mm wafer. The dishing/erosion of the metal/oxide can be reduced with respect to a correspondingly optimized Cu-plating overburden for TSVs and redistribution layers. Cu metal dishing can be drastically reduced once the Cu overburdens are increased to a critical thickness. For backside isolation oxide CMP for TSV Cu exposure, the results show that the Cu studs of TSVs with a larger TSV diameter still keep in a plateau-like shape after CMP.
Electromechanical coupling factor k/sub 35//sup 2/ of thickness-shear mode of the piezoelectric thin films deposited on substrates

An experimental method for characterizing piezoelectric film, which is deposited on a substrate plate to form a thickness-shear wave high-overmode bulk acoustic resonator (HBAR), will be presented in this paper. Based on the parallel and series resonant frequency spectra of the HBAR, the electromechanical coupling factor of the piezoelectric film operating in thickness-shear mode can be evaluated directly. Numerical simulation results of samples consisting of ZnO film on fused SiO/sub 2/ substrate are carried out to show the validity of the method. The effect of the electrodes is compensated by a modified formula.
Unique features of the OK-4/Duke storage ring XUV FEL and monochromatic /spl gamma/-ray source

The OK-4 is the first storage ring FEL operating in the United States. It was commissioned in November, 1996 and demonstrated lasing in the near UV and visible ranges (345-413 nm) with extracted power of 0.15 W. In addition to lasing, the OK-4/Duke FEL generated a nearly monochromatic (1% FWHM) /spl gamma/-ray beam. In this paper we describe the initial performance of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL and /spl gamma/-ray source.
Study on the Influence of Cadmium on the Growth of Two Aquatic Plants and the Accumulative Capacity of the Plants Towards Cadmium

This is a Study on the Influence of Cadmium on the Growth of two Aquatic Plants and the Accumulative Capacity of the Plants towards Cadmium, cress and acorus. The results show: the growing state of both cress and acorus was good. In the view of total biomass, acorus presented a higher amount; in the view of biomass underground(root)/ above ground(Stems and leaves), the biomass underground and above ground of both plants were increased paralleled with the rise of concentration, while more significant changes were detected in acorus. Acorus shows higher accumulation rate of Cd2+compared to cress and its underground accumulation rate is significantly higher than that above ground; with the Cd2+ concentration of 25mg/L, the underground accumulation rate is up to 363.72mg/kg and that above ground was 183.62mg/kg.