nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving letter-to-sound conversion performance with automatically generated new words

We propose a novel way to alleviate the data sparseness problem in training letter-to-sound (LTS) N-gram models by adding automatically generated new words to the training set. The proposed method consists of two procedures: (1) generating a large pool of new words automatically; (2) selecting good new word candidates from the new word pool via semi-supervised learning. The new words are created by replacing stressed syllables of an existing word with other stressed syllables under specified contextual constraints. The new word selection by semi-supervised learning is based upon consistent pronunciation predictions by different LTS models. After adding new words to the training set, the performance of LTS conversion is significantly improved. For the NetTalk dictionary, compared with the performance from the N-gram baseline model, 21.6% relative word error rate reduction is obtained. For the CMU dictionary, 9.1% and 5.6% relative word error rate reductions are obtained, respectively, with/without considering the stress.
Chaotic oscillator based on current-controlled meminductor

A current-controlled meminductor has the property of variable inductance according to current flowing across it, that brings the nonlinear relation between state variables. In this paper, a three-order passive circuit with a current-controlled meminductor is proposed to generate chaotic oscillation. When configured with proper parameters and initial conditions, strange attractors can be observed. Lyapunov exponent analysis, along with continuous frequency distribution, conditions sensitive characteristic were provided through numerical simulation, which shows the existence of chaos in this simple memristive system.
Automatic Medical Image Segmentation Using Gradient and Intensity Combined Level Set Method

This paper presents a new level set based solution for automatic medical image segmentation. Study shows that level set methods using image intensity or gradient information alone can not generate satisfying segmentation on some complex organic structures, such as lung bronchia or nodules. We investigate the intensity distribution of these organic structures, and propose a calibrating mechanism to automatically weight image intensity and gradient information in the level set speed function. The new method can tolerate estimation error in intensity distribution and detect object boundaries whose gradient is low. The experimental results show that the proposed method gives stable and accurate segmentation results on public lung image data
Parallelized Face Based RMS System on a Multi-core Embedded Computing Platform

A new framework for the Recognition, Mining and Synthesis (RMS)system, has been proposed to make meaningful use of the enormous amount of information. Based on the same concept, we propose a face RMS system, which consists of face detection, facial expression recognition, and facial expression exaggeration components, for generating exaggerated views of different expressions for an input face video. In this paper, the parallel algorithms of the face RMS system were developed to reduce the execution time on a multi-core embedded system. The experimental results show the robustness and efficiency of face RMS system under complex environments. The quantitative comparisons indicate the proposed parallelized strategies has a significant increase in computational speedup compared to the single-processor implementation on a multi-core embedded platform.
Comprehensive GPSR Routing in VANET Communications with Adaptive Beacon Interval

Traditional GPSR and its enhanced protocols make forwarding decision only basing on one specific segment of the neighborhoods, thus the Successful Date Rate (SDR) often seems unpleasing. And the constant beacon interval always cause data collisions when the vehicle densities meet a high level. To solve the problems, we introduce a concept - the Coefficient of Dependence (CoD), to describe the contribution of all the influencing factors within two-hops, where the CoD is synthetically considered according to its neighbors' number, data deliver frequency, driving direction and positions. The beacon interval is then set dynamically by CoD. Besides, we propose the synthetical Optimum in Optimums (OinO) strategy when node is to forward packets, ensuring the worst result barely acceptable. The simulation results confirm that our scheme reduces beacon overhead and data collisions especially in high densities and velocities of vehicular ad hoc network, while ensuring the Successful Date Rate (SDR) performances well.
A multi-level SAR sea ice image classification method by incorporating egg-code-based expert knowledge

Identification of sea ice types is of crucial importance to ship navigation and climatic research. This paper presents a multi-level SAR sea ice image classification method by incorporating expert knowledge from egg codes associated with the sea ice images. First, subimages which correspond to egg codes are segmented by using the region-level MRF model. The egg code regions in which partial concentrations of sea ice types are not equal respectively are considered, thus the reference vectors of intensity mean of some sea ice types are determined. Then, other egg code regions are classified in a hierarchical way and the intensity mean of each class can be computed, hence sea ice classification in the whole SAR scene can be finished based on the Euclidean distance discriminant method. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated on the classification of real SAR sea ice images.
Heat transfer performance between dielectric loss calculation and molecular dynamics simulation of microwave heating on water

To investigate the equivalence of thermal transmission between dielectric loss calculation and molecular dynamics simulation of water system under microwave heating, several computations have been performed. By introducing a compressive factor for the thermal conductivity, the temperature profiles obtained from the dielectric loss algorithm show good agreement with that of molecular dynamics simulation. This indicates that the heat transfer performance of an industrial size application of microwave heating can be equivalent to a molecular level simulation.
Molecular dynamics simulation on temperature and structure characteristics of microwave-heating NaCl solution

In this paper, we performed a series of molecular dynamics simulations to study the temperature characteristics of heating NaCl solution at different concentrations by using different electric field intensity of microwave. By fitting the obtained data, we have established an empirical formula of temperature rise, which can simulate the temperature characteristic of heating NaCl solution under a microwave frequency of 20 GHz within the span of molecular dynamics simulation. By comparing and analyzing the pair distribution functions obtained under microwave heating and conventional heating, we found that there is no non-thermal effect during microwave heating NaCl solution.
Experimental Study on the Cathode Material Selection for the Catalytic Electrolysis of Leachate

The electric conductivity and the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the five kinds of cathode material were tested by Chronoamperometry and the Polarization curves method ,respectively. The electric conductivity of the cathode was as follows: The electrode of Ni/Fe > stainless steel>Ni>Pt/Ti>active hydrogen; The sequence of the cathode hydrogen evolution overpotential was as follows: the electrode of active hydrogen > Ni/Fe >Ni >Pt/Ti > stainless steel。SPR electrode as the anode, stainless steel, nickel plate, Ni / Fe electrode, Pt / Ti electrode and active hydrogen as the cathode, respectively, electrode spacing 0.5cm, current density 0.1A/cm2, initial pH 7.0, COD removal rate was 87.08%, 89.77%, 92.46%, 94.77%, 95.15% in 3h ,respectively, and NH3-N, color removal rate reached 97% in 1h. The results show that COD removal efficiency of the leachate was increased With the decrease of the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the Selected cathode materials.
A Petri-Net-Based Approach to Reliability Determination of Ontology-Based Service Compositions

Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S), one of the most significant semantic Web service ontologies proposed to date, provides a core ontological framework and guidelines for describing the properties and capabilities of services in an unambiguous computer-interpretable form. Analysis of the quality of service of composite service processes specified in OWL-S enables service users to decide whether the process meets nonfunctional requirements. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach for reliability analysis of OWL-S processes, employing the non-Markovian stochastic Petri net (NMSPN) as the fundamental model. Based on the NMSPN representations of the OWL-S elements, we introduce an analytical method for the calculation of the process-normal-completion probability as the reliability estimate. This method takes the probabilistic parameters of service invocations and messages as model inputs. To validate the feasibility and accuracy of our approach, we obtain runtime experimental data and conduct a confidence interval analysis in a case study. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to determine the impact of model parameters on reliability and to help identify the reliability bottlenecks.
A high-gain LTCC horn antenna with different feeding structures

In this paper, a 30 GHz horn antenna with different feeding structures is discussed based on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The antenna with high gain is first designed by analyzing operation mechanisms of horn antennas and its implementation on LTCC structures. Then, radiation patterns are studied under stripline and microstrip feedings. The achieved fractional bandwidth is from 28.3 to 32.6 GHz (about 16%), and the simulated gain is 6.55 dBi with beam width of 90 degree at 30 GHz. The proposed horn antenna can be easily integrated with front-end circuits or systems, which is a great improvement over traditional horn antennas.
Analyzing and Forecasting the Performance of Video Service Providers

Video services are flourishing, and the same content might be hosted by different websites. A user typically does not care about which provider provides the service to him/her but rather the quality of the service. However, the network condition is not stable and it is hard to obtain the service performance in real time during the online service. Therefore, it is very important to understand the potential characteristics of video services and design the predictors to forecast the service performance. In our work, we design a measurement system deployed in 11 provinces and cities in China, monitor and analyze two popular websites, Youku and Tudou. Based on the analysis of the measured data, we see that the performance trend of two service providers has the diurnal pattern, and the worst performance is typically during the prime time, 8 - 9 pm. To understand the service structure of the website, the underlying CDN architecture is studied and the performance impact factors are analyzed. For performance forecasting, a modified time series model is proposed and evaluated, which shows that it can obtain obvious better performance than baseline models. Moreover, a new predictor by combining different information sources is designed, which can improve the forecasting precision significantly, and it may be useful in service source analyzing and recommendation systems in the future.
A High dynamic range SiGe HBT variable gain amplifier for WCDMA applications

A high dynamic range linear-in-dB variable gain amplifier (VGA) using SiGe HBT devices for WCDMA applications is presented in this paper. The gain is achieved through four stages of amplifiers. The first, third and the fourth stage is the normal amplify stage, and the second stage is the gain control stage. The gain control is implemented by adjusting the bias of the second amplifier. The VGA is driven by a 2.7-V power supply, and has a 49 dB linear gain control range varying from 11 dB to 60 dB when control voltage varies from 0 to 2.7 V. The maximum gain is 60 dB at the frequency of 1.95 GHz, the noise figure is 4.685 dB at maximum gain, input/output VSWRs keep low and constant. The VGA is fabricated in a 0.35 mum fT = 43 GHz silicon germanium heterojunction technology.
Compact dual-notched balanced UWB BPF with folded triple-mode slotline resonator

A compact dual-notched balanced ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) is designed by using the folded triple-mode slotline resonators and differential microstrip–slotline transitions. Two differential-mode transmission zeros near the passband edges are created to improve the selectivity, due to a cross-coupling between two microstrip open stubs beyond the cross-junction position as well as between the input and output. Good matching in the whole passband can be achieved by properly choosing the width of the microstrip open stubs. The inverse QWRs coupling stepped-impedance microstrip stub loaded in the 50 Ω microstrip feedlines can generate multiple transmission zeros to suppress the common-mode resonance and realise dual-notched bands in the UWB passband. Good agreement can be obtained between the measured results and simulated ones.
Robust Extension of FCM Algorithm

Clustering is a procedure through which objects are distinguished or classified in accordance with their similarity. The fuzzy c-means method (FCM) is one of the most popular clustering methods based on minimization of a criterion function. However, the FCM method is sensitive to the presence of noise and outliers in data. A new clustering algorithm is proposed by extending the criterion function, which includes the well-known fuzzy c-means method as its special case. Numerical experiments show that the new clustering algorithm is less sensitive than the traditional FCM method and robust to outliers
A combination control to suppress flexible vibration of complex spacecraft

For the complex spacecraft with large flexible accessories, suppressing the flexible vibration is a significant problem. Based on singular perturbation theory, the combination control method is proposed, which associates nonlinear PID controller and linear quadratic controller by dividing spacecraft dynamics equations into slow-change subsystem and quick-change subsystem. The slow-change subsystem stabilizes the attitude motion of center rigid body by adopting nonlinear PID control law; and the quick-change subsystem suppresses the vibration of flexible accessories by adopting a linear quadratic control strategy. Simulation results show that this method can guarantee the stability of the spacecraft while suppressing the vibration of flexible accessories, which significantly improves the performance of the attitude control system.
A Quantitative Description of Conductance of Human Stratum Corneum Caused by Pulse Electrical Field

It is expounded the properties of conductance changes of the stratum corneum (SC) under the electric pulse field. It is considered that conductance for SC is determined by activation and inactivation factors. With the diffusion chamber as system, and the SC from cadaver as the object, we studied the behavior of the conductance change under the electric pulse field. The results show that theoretical curves of conductance on SC are fitted very well with the data from these experiments. So the conclusion is that these parameters of activation factor and inactivation factor (m0, minfin, taum, h0, hinfin, and tauh ) are believed to be a very important significance for the analysis of drug transport through skin
High-power SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with multiple emitter fingers

High-power SiGe HBTs with multiple emitter fingers are developed by using interdigitated structure and each emitter stripe area of 3times45 mum2. The value of collector-emitter voltage Vce is carefully selected to ensure these power devices operating at high power levels. Four-Watt RF power with maximum high power-added efficiency (PAE) of 49% and power gain(Gp) of 6.71dB is achieved when SiGe HBTs operate at frequency of 900 MHz and Vce of 12V. The devices have emitter power linear density achieved as high as 1.47W/mm and the RF power density is 1.6W/mum2. The power performance of these devices under different bias conditions are also studied. These results set a benchmark for high power performance of the devices and show the great potential of SiGe HBTs for RF high-power amplifications.
Optimized simulation on the intersection traffic control and organization based on combined application of simulation softwares

This paper first describe the role of microscopic traffic simulation in optimize organization, and the advantages in combining VISSIM and Synchro to optimize simulation. Then this paper proposes the method system of simulation optimization for intersection with the combination of microscopic traffic software and the analysis of data. On the basis of practical data and VISSIM simulation, this paper makes strategy optimization for typical cross intersection on the aspects of geometric optimization and signal timing. The optimum strategy can be found through the improvements on comparing the average delay, average queue length, the remaining capacity and saturation with VISSIM and Synchro. The specific intersection given in this paper has an obviously improvement through geometry and signal timing optimization. The average queue length is improved significantly; the saturation of the intersection reduces from 0.65 to 0.51, and the average delay per vehicle decreased from 54.2s to 38.9s.Practice shows that this method system has good operability and practicality.
Family of time-hopping sequences with no-hit and few-hit zone for quasi-synchronous THSS-UWB systems

In this paper, based on the known frequency-hopping (FH) sequences and conventional time-hopping (TH) sequences, three sets of TH sequences with no-hit zone (NHZ) or few-hit zone (FHZ) are proposed. Different from conventional TH sequences design, the presented NHZ and FHZ TH sequences suitable for quasi-synchronous time-hopping spread spectrum ultra wideband (QS THSS-UWB) systems can be mutually orthogonal (or almost orthogonal) within NHZ (or FHZ). The QS THSS-UWB systems employing the proposed NHZ or FHZ TH sequences can eliminate or reduce multiple-access interference (MAI) and multipath interference when the shifts between sequences are in the range of NHZ (or FHZ).
Reciprocal Relations for Third-Order Correlation Between Intensity Fluctuations of Light Scattered From a Quasi-Homogeneous Medium

Within the validity of the first-order Born approximation, we introduce the third-order correlation between intensity fluctuation (CIF) of light scattered from a quasi-homogeneous medium. The third-order CIF is defined as the degree of intensity correlations specified at three position vectors in scattered field. Expressions are derived for the normalized CIF and variance in intensity fluctuations (VIF) of the scattered field. Two reciprocal relations are generalized for the third-order CIF of the scattered field: 1) The normalized CIF is proportional to the real portion of the Fourier transform products of the strength of the scattering potential; 2) the third-order VIF of the scattered field is proportional to the cube of the Fourier transform of the normalized correlation coefficient of the scattering potential.
ADRC based freeway traffic density control via ramp metering

Based on the idea of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), a novel freeway traffic density control scheme is developed via ramp metering. By the designed tracking differentiator (TD) of ADRC, we can arrange a transition process to avoid system overshoot, and by designing an extended state observer (ESO) of ADRC, the state variables and comprehensive disturbances can be estimated and compensated. As a result, the ADRC can produce the on-ramp entering traffic flow to realize the desired traffic density without requring any information about the freeway traffic model. Furthermore, the capability and feasibility of the proposed ADRC is tested by some simulations.
A Novel Dual-Band Power Amplifier for Wireless Communication

A dual-band power amplifier (PA) which operates at two specific frequencies of 1.8GHz and 2.0GHz simultaneously is designed. The input matching circuit has one access with a special matching network which resonates at two frequencies. The output matching circuit is the simple L-type matching network and was designed under the guide of load-pull methodology. The simulated results show that, at the two frequencies, the S21 achieves 12.63dB and 13.64dB respectively, the S11 reaches -11.88dB and -10.76dB. The 1-dB power compressions of the two frequencies both achieve 6 dBm and the power gain achieves 10dB.
Design and Analysis of 802.11-Based MAC Protocol in Multi-Relay Wireless Networks

In this paper, we design and analyze a new 802.11- based cooperative MAC protocol. Since the wireless fading interval sometimes is comparable to the time of multiple-frame transmission, the traditional retransmission schemes may not be optimal. We consider designing a multi- relay system where neighbor nodes can assist the retransmission in order to achieve transmission diversity and combat channel fading. Since the cooperative capacity varies from relay to relay, the key point lies in how to assign different priorities to relays. This paper proposes a priority-based contention mechanism in cooperation, and tries to derive the optimal cooperation contention window size to maximize the network throughput. We present the results both from simulation and from theoretical analysis, which jointly verify the excellent performance of our new protocol.
Portable 3D visual sensor based indoor localization on mobile device

Smart mobile device and consumer level 3D visual sensor are becoming very cheap and widely accessible in people's daily lives. Visual information based indoor localization is getting more and more attention in the computer vision research community to achieve real time and precise localization result. In this paper, we present a 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) pose estimation using a portable 3D visual sensor mounted on a mobile device. A detailed 3D model and a WiFi received signal strength model of the indoor environment are constructed in the offline training phase. During the online localization, we first use WiFi signals to locate the device in a 3D sub model. The initial pose is calculated through feature matching between the online captured 2D image and the key frame images used to build the 3D model. Then we employ iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm to estimate the rigid transform between online captured 3D point cloud and local 3D point cloud. The 6-DOF pose estimation is further refined by random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. We implement the system on iOS platform and the experiments carried out in an indoor environment shows promising result of our approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first portable 3D visual sensor based indoor localization system on mobile device.
A Two-Dimensional Nonorthogonal WLP-FDTD Method for Eigenvalue Problems

This letter proposes an unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with weighted Laguerre polynomials (WLPs) to solve electromagnetic (EM) problems in a generalized coordinate system. The nonorthogonal WLP-FDTD formulation for the two-dimensional TE mode is presented, and the covariant and contravariant field representations are given. The nonorthogonal mesh is introduced to model the complex region only, while the conventional rectangular mesh is used for the remaining regions. Two numerical examples with curved edges are calculated. Compared with the staircase WLP-FDTD and nonorthogonal FDTD methods, the results from our proposed method show its accuracy and efficiency for solving EM eigenvalue problems.