nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A contract-checking test method for CTCS Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation system

The CTCS Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) system is currently under developing and needs to be tested thoroughly. According to the requirements of concurrency and configurability, a test process model based contract-checking test method (CCTM) is proposed to execute the test verdict on-line. By analyzing several test applications, the test process could be abstracted as a test event chain. And every test event has its own preconditions and consequences, which are considered as a formal contract. Checking a contract, we can easily monitor the test stimuli, observation and verdict. Then, the function modules and the crucial techniques in applying CCTM to distributed railway test system are described. The applications in CCTM show that the proposed test method satisfies the test requirements of the CTCS HILS system.
Design of the naval artillery digital servo system and the research on its control scheme based on fuzzy compensate method

In order to enhance the tracking performance of the naval artillery servo system, in this paper, a digital servo system was designed, which has the control platform based on DSP as the position loop controller instead of the old analog control platform, has lager power converter equipment as speed loop controller and has the AC motor as the actuator. On the basis of the system, the PID-like fuzzy controller was designed. Considering that the external disturbances infects the tracking performance of the servo system greatly, an analysis on the extern disturbance for the system was made, the friction disturbance is the main external disturbance for the azimuth servo system, and the non-balance torques disturbance is the main external disturbance for the high-low servo system. Then, the compensate methods for both azimuth servo system and high-low servo system are designed to reduce the infection of external disturbance. The result shows that the system is reliable, responses quickly, and has a good dynamic and static performance.
Enron case study: Analysis of email behavior using EmailTime

This paper presents a case study with Enron email dataset to explore the behaviors of email users within different organizational positions. We defined email behavior as the email activity level of people regarding a series of measured metrics e.g. sent and received emails, numbers of email addresses, etc. These metrics were calculated through EmailTime, a visual analysis tool of email correspondence over the course of time. Results showed specific patterns in the email datasets of different organizational positions.
A tentative study of visual attention-based salient features for image retrieval

Salient region of the image, which is composed of salient or interest points, is the most informative part of the image. In this paper, a saliency-based bottom-up visual attention computational model motivated by visual physiological experimental results is used to detect salient region and extract salient points of images. Meanwhile, a method to select number of the salient points to be extracted for each image is presented. Two salient visual features based on the visual attention model were proposed for image retrieval. One feature is the ldquoattention histogramrdquo, which only counts the frequencies of a visual feature in the salient region of the image. The other is the ldquosalient image signature histogram and spatial FOAs(focus of attention) anglogramrdquo, which codes both the local properties around salient points of the image and the spatial information of FOAs. Image retrieval experiments were carried out to evaluate the proposed features. For comparison, traditional global histogram was also used in the experiments. Preliminary experimental results showed that the proposed visual attention-based salient features can achieve encouraging retrieval results.
Domain Generalization and Adaptation Using Low Rank Exemplar SVMs

Domain adaptation between diverse source and target domains is challenging, especially in the real-world visual recognition tasks where the images and videos consist of significant variations in viewpoints, illuminations, qualities, etc. In this paper, we propose a new approach for domain generalization and domain adaptation based on exemplar SVMs. Specifically, we decompose the source domain into many subdomains, each of which contains only one positive training sample and all negative samples. Each subdomain is relatively less diverse, and is expected to have a simpler distribution. By training one exemplar SVM for each subdomain, we obtain a set of exemplar SVMs. To further exploit the inherent structure of source domain, we introduce a nuclear-norm based regularizer into the objective function in order to enforce the exemplar SVMs to produce a low-rank output on training samples. In the prediction process, the confident exemplar SVM classifiers are selected and reweigted according to the distribution mismatch between each subdomain and the test sample in the target domain. We formulate our approach based on the logistic regression and least square SVM algorithms, which are referred to as low rank exemplar SVMs (LRE-SVMs) and low rank exemplar least square SVMs (LRE-LSSVMs), respectively. A fast algorithm is also developed for accelerating the training of LRE-LSSVMs. We further extend Domain Adaptation Machine (DAM) to learn an optimal target classifier for domain adaptation, and show that our approach can also be applied to domain adaptation with evolving target domain, where the target data distribution is gradually changing. The comprehensive experiments for object recognition and action recognition demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for domain generalization and domain adaptation with fixed and evolving target domains.
Design of low profile wideband omni-directional antenna

A flush-disc antenna with a low profile is proposed in this paper. It can get nearly omni-directional radiation patterns and operate over a wide frequency range. The direction of maximum radiation is at 45°. By adding slots and conducting pins on the radiating aperture, the antenna can achieve a wide bandwidth with a low profile structure. The antenna covers a bandwidth from 2.5 to 4.0 GHz. The VSWR is less than 2 and the gain is up to -2dBi. The design and simulation of antenna are carried out by using the software Ansoft HFSS and a prototype of the antenna is developed and measured. The results of measurement are in good agreement with the simulations. The antenna will be useful for applications in satellite communications telemetry, tracking and command (TTC), and terrestrial mobile communication systems.
Mobility model based on social community detection scheme

In many networks, mobility is used to be a network transport mechanism for distributing data. However, many mobility models are set up based on individual movement case which ignores the fact that peer nodes often carried by people and thus move in community pattern according to some kind of social relation. In this paper, we propose two mobility models based on social community detection scheme which simulate two real movement cases in daily life. This paper also gives the character analysis of these two new mobility models by observing the curves of inter-contact time and contact time.
Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning

Cross-domain learning methods have shown promising results by leveraging labeled patterns from the auxiliary domain to learn a robust classifier for the target domain which has only a limited number of labeled samples. To cope with the considerable change between feature distributions of different domains, we propose a new cross-domain kernel learning framework into which many existing kernel methods can be readily incorporated. Our framework, referred to as Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning (DTMKL), simultaneously learns a kernel function and a robust classifier by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the distribution mismatch between the labeled and unlabeled samples from the auxiliary and target domains. Under the DTMKL framework, we also propose two novel methods by using SVM and prelearned classifiers, respectively. Comprehensive experiments on three domain adaptation data sets (i.e., TRECVID, 20 Newsgroups, and email spam data sets) demonstrate that DTMKL-based methods outperform existing cross-domain learning and multiple kernel learning methods.
Application of VSC reliable design to spacecraft attitude tracking

This study investigates variable structure reliable control issues of nonlinear systems and its applications to spacecraft attitude tracking problems. The proposed passive reliable control laws must know in advance which group of actuators is allowed to fail. These reliable controllers need not the solution of Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation or inequality that are essentials in optimal approaches such as LQR and H/sub /spl infin// reliable designs. As a matter of fact, this approach is able to relax the computational load in computing the solution of HJ equation. The proposed reliable designs are also applied to spacecraft attitude tracking problems to explain their effectiveness and benefits. Finally, simulation results and comparisons between LQR and variable structure control (VSC) reliable designs are presented to illustrate the merits of the proposed scheme. Although the proposed design is a passive one, it may provide a guideline for active design when a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) scheme is available.
Cluster-Head and Border-Node Based Cluster Routing Protocol for LR-WPAN

In the previous researches, a great number of routing protocols have been proposed in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). But it's hard to be adopted efficiently in low rate-wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) because there are additional particular constraints of the packet size, bandwidth and so on. To improve the performance in this environment, we propose a Cluster-head and Border-node based Cluster Routing Protocol (CBCRP). CBCRP focuses on the environment that the intra-cluster is stable without frequent topology change. For the intra-cluster routing, we optimize the DSDV which is the proactive way to reduce the end-to-end delay maintaining the low cost of routing overhead. The intra-cluster route information is maintained in both of the cluster head and member nodes. For inter-cluster routing, we optimize the AODV which is the reactive way to reduce the flooding overhead maintaining the network performance. The source cluster-head, destination cluster-head and all the intermediate border nodes are in charge of the inter-cluster route discovery, while only border nodes are in charge of the inter-cluster data transmission. In the simulation result using NS-2, CBCRP shows better performance than the cluster based routing protocol (CBRP), about 21% lower end-to-end delay, 67% lower packet overhead and 60% lower packet loss rate at best case.
Analysis of weakly guiding cladded acoustic fibers of hexagonal crystal symmetry

An approximate analysis of the weakly guiding cladded acoustic fiber consisting of a core and infinite thick cladding both with hexagonal crystal symmetry is presented. The crystalline Z axis is parallel to the fiber axis. Weak guidance conditions require that the stiffness constants of the core are slightly less than those of the cladding, and the density of the core and cladding are almost the same. Approximate dispersion and cutoff equations are derived for all pure guided modes. Dispersion curves of several lower-order guided torsional, radial-axial and flexural modes are evaluated using both exact and approximate formulas and they are in good agreement. A simple approximate dispersion equation for leaky (longitudinal-type) modes is also obtained.<<ETX>>
Dynamic Modeling and Power Loss Analysis of High-Frequency Power Switches Based on GaN CAVET

The focus of this paper is to understand the impact of the material properties of GaN, exploited using a vertical device, in power switching by estimating switching loss. The study was performed with a cascoded current aperture vertical electron transistor (CAVET). The normally OFF device was simulated and analyzed using a Silvaco ATLAS 2-D drift diffusion model integrated to SPICE-based circuit simulator. Besides evaluating the performance space and, hence, potential application space for GaN CAVETs, this paper presents significant accomplishment in establishing a device to circuit model, thereby, offering a reliable method of evaluating GaN-based power transistors. The accuracy of the model was established through the excellent agreement of simulated data with the data sheet specs of a commercial cascoded GaN high electron mobility transistor. The model was successfully applied to compare SiC MOSFETs with GaN CAVETs. A cascoded GaN CAVET has $2\times $ faster switching time, $3\times $ lower switching loss compared with standard commercial SiC MOSFET, owing to the higher electron mobility in GaN. Operating at frequencies of megahertz with low power loss, a GaN CAVET will, therefore, lead to smaller converter size and higher system efficiency.
Effect of Pulse Polarity on Nanosecond Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge

This paper presents the optical emission characteristics of a surface dielectric barrier discharge sustained by repetitive nanosecond pulses with different polarities in the subsonic airflows. The plasma images presented here show that the positive polarity pulsed discharge is stable in the airflows, appearing as a brush-type discharge. While the negative polarity pulsed discharge plasma becomes a filamentary pattern that is evidently spatial inhomogeneous in quiescent air, it behaves unstable in airflows.
High performance wavelet-based stereo image coding

We present a high performance stereo image coding scheme using wavelet transform. As for most stereo image coding techniques, we use block-based disparity estimation and compensation to decorrelate the dependence between the left and the right images. The wavelet transform and corresponding coding scheme are then applied to the stereo images. By using context-based arithmetic coding and rate-distortion optimization techniques, our coder outperforms others published in the literature by more than 3 dB.
A study on active suspension system using time delay control

Time Delay Control (TDC) method was proposed as a promising technique in the robust control area, where the plants have unknown dynamics with parameter variations and substantial disturbances are present. In this paper, the TDC technique is applied to design the force loop controller of an electro-hydraulic active suspension system. Based on the quarter-car active suspension system model, the TDC is designed, and the PID-controller is also designed for comparison. The simulation results show that the TDC is the effective means in controlling the hydraulic system and it can be utilized as one of the control candidates for the active vehicle suspension.
Application of surface acoustic wave tactile display for pen tablet interface with visual information

This paper deals with proposal of a pen tablet interface combined with visual information. The interface employs surface acoustic wave (SAW) tactile display. Basic principle of the tactile display and its application for our proposal are described. Design and fabrication of an ultrasonic transducer are also reported. Development of the proposed interface using the same controller as the conventional SAW tactile display is explained. Measurement result of vibration on the top of the pen indicates realization of the proposed interface.
Cellular function prediction and biological pathway discovery in Arabidopsis thaliana using microarray data.

We have developed a new integrated probabilistic method for cellular function prediction by using microarray gene expression profiles, in conjunction with predicted protein-protein interactions and annotations of known proteins through an integrative statistical model. Our approach is based on a novel assessment for the relationship between correlation of two genes' expression profiles and their functional relationship in terms of the gene ontology (GO) hierarchy. We applied the method for function predictions of hypothetical genes in Arabidopsis. We have also extended our computational method using Dijkstra's algorithm to identify the components and topology of a pathway, and we applied it for predicting the signaling pathway of phosphatidic acid as a second messenger in Arabidopsis.
A high precision clock synchronization algorithm for the EtherCAT

EtherCAT (Ethernet control automation technology) has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency and many kinds of physical topology. EtherCAT uses distributed clock technology to achieve precise clock synchronization between slave nodes. It is especially important for the precise clock synchronization in the real-time control system. The crystal oscillator of slave stations will lead to tiny difference of the timing cycle between them. Transmission process of data frame between the different stations also produce delays. These clock synchronization delay errors will affect the performance of real-time systems. In order to minimize the error and improve the real-time performance of the system, it is necessary to study the EtherCAT clock synchronization algorithm. This paper presents a high precision clock synchronization algorithm which is based on the improvement of the clock synchronization algorithm of EtherCAT. Toolbox Truetime is a simulation toolbox based on Matlab/Simulink, it can be used to simulate distributed real-time control systems and network control systems. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by Truetime toolbox, and the new algorithm has high precision.
Metamorphic InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs on GaAs substrates with a novel composite channels design

We report on fabrication and performance of novel 0.13 /spl mu/m T-gate metamorphic InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs on GaAs substrates with composite InGaAs channels, combining the superior transport properties of In/sub 0.52/Ga/sub 0.48/As with low-impact ionization in the In/sub 0.32/Ga/sub 0.68/As subchannel. These devices exhibit excellent DC characteristics, high drain currents of 750 mA/mm, extrinsic transconductances of 600 mS/mm, combined with still very low output conductance values of 20 mS/mm, and high channel and gate breakdown voltages. The use of a composite InGaAs channels leads to excellent cut-off frequencies: f/sub max/ of 350 GHz and an f/sub T/ 160 GHz at V/sub DS/=1.5 V. These are the best microwave frequency results ever reported for any FET on GaAs substrate.
Detection and Classification of Microcalcifications Based on DWT and ANFIS

Nowadays, breast cancer has become one of the most dangerous tumors for middle-aged and older women in China. Mammography plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer, and microcalcifications (MCs) are one of the main symptoms in the mammograms. In order to assist the radiologists to detect the MCs accurately and rapidly, a novel computer-aided diagnosis method was proposed in this paper. DWT was used to extract the high-frequency signal of the images firstly, and thresholding with hysteresis was applied to locate the suspicious MCs. Then, filling dilation was applied to segment those desired regions. During the detection, ANFIS was used to adjust the parameters, making the CAD algorithm more adaptiv, and precise. At last, the suspicious MCs were classified with MLP, and the experiments showed the advantages of the proposed method over the conventional ones.
A Multilayer Perceptron-Based Impulsive Noise Detector With Application to Power-Line-Based Sensor Networks

For power-line-based sensor networks, impulsive noise (IN) will dramatically degrade the data transmission rate in the power line. In this paper, we present a multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based approach to detect IN in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based baseband power line communications (PLCs). Combining the MLP-based IN detection method with the outlier detection theory allows more accurate identification of the harmful residual IN. For OFDM-based PLC systems, the high peak-to-average power ratio of the received signal makes detection of harmful residual IN more challenging. The detection mechanism works in an iterative receiver that contains a pre-IN mitigation and a post-IN mitigation. The pre-IN mitigation is meant to null the stronger portion of IN, while the post-IN mitigation suppresses the residual portion of IN using an iterative process. Compared with previously reported IN detectors, the simulation results show that our MLP-based IN detector improves the resulting bit error rate performance.
A transponder system dedicating for the on-orbit calibration of China's new-generation satellite altimeter and scatterometer

In this paper a transponder system dedicating for the on-orbit calibration of the two primary active microwave sensors: radar altimeter and radar scatterometer are designed. The three major parameters: the height measured by the altimeter, and the backscattering coefficient measured by the altimeter and the scatterometer can be fulfilled in the same system. The transponders proposed in this paper is a pulse-regenerator, which can down-converted the altimeter/ scatterometer Radio Frequency (RF) signal to the baseband and record the digital samples, then regenerate a “modulated” signal which is to the altimeter/ scatterometer receiver. The power, triggering time and the modulation are all adaptive, so the transponder has much greater flexibility than the conventional bent-pipe (pulse-repeated) transponder, which only offer simple time-delay or attenuation / amplification at the RF stage. In this paper the backgrounds are reviewed, the implementations of a new transponder system are introduced, and the calibration rationales are described. Particularly, the configuration of three transponders is optimized to exploit the potential of the new technology.
A Methodology to Model Human and Organisational Errors on Offshore Risk Analysis

This paper aims to contribute to offshore risk analysis by proposing a methodology to model causal relationships focusing on human and organisational errors. The proposed methodology uses James Reason's "Swiss cheese" model to form a generic offshore risk analysis framework and tailors Bayesian Network (BN) to fit into the framework to construct a causal relationship model. A case study of the collision risk between a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit and authorised vessels caused by human and organisational factors (HOFs) during operations is used to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology. This paper shows that James Reason's "Swiss cheese" model and BN can be jointly used in offshore risk analysis
Color tattoo segmentation based on skin color space and K-mean clustering

Tattoos, a soft biometrie trait, are gradually being used to identify suspects in forensic science. Based on LAB color space and K-mean clustering, we propose a novel segmentation algorithm to improve the segmentation accuracy of color tattoos. The process consists of three parts. Firstly, we use K-mean clustering and human skin color segmentation in LAB color space to detect the skin area. Then, we employ the mathematical morphology processing to smooth the clear graphic image of the tattoo segment. Finally, we extract and detect the color tattoos segmentation according to the connectivity of tattoo regions. Compared with the existing methods, this method has low computational complexity. And results of extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm not only overcomes the limitations of single algorithm, but also improves segmentation accuracy.