nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Key structure and process for pulsed power switch SiC RSD

This paper focuses on the several key problems in the design and process for the new type pulsed power switch SiC RSD(reversely switched dynistor). By establishing the two-dimensional electro-thermal coupling model, the temperature rise during the turn-on process is discussed. The feasibility of the reverse injection pre-charge caused by avalanche breakdown is proved. The big influence of the carrier lifetime in drift layer and the proper distribution of the cell structure at anode are analyzed. Reasonable ohmic contact results suitable both for P and N type are acquired by process exploring. The surface breakdown voltage is enhanced by the bevel edge termination. The above work has provided basis for realizing the pulse turn-on of SiC RSD.
Synthesizing genetic clock with toggle switch and oscillator

The potential of the genetic clock is in its role to trigger consecutive logic reactions in sequential biological circuits. However, it is hard to directly create a square wave generator in the gene regulatory systems for use as a genetic clock. This research studies the design of a genetic clock generator based on combination of a genetic oscillator with a toggle switch via a dual repressor. This connection is simple and direct in the structure. Realization of the biological circuit is easy as well. We adopt the design approach based on the real structured genetic algorithm (RSGA), controlling amplitude, phase, and frequency of the genetic oscillator in silico. Analysis of the genetic clock's characteristics is conducted.
Differential VCO design with a wide frequency tuning range

New differential stacked spiral inductors were employed in our design of VCOs fabricated using the CMOS 0.18 mum technology in this paper. The frequency tuning range of these VCOs were extended significantly, and the measured oscillation frequencies cover from 1.69 to 2.1375 GHz, with 23.3% tuning range and phase noise about -118.41 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz theoretically. The core current of these VCOs is about 25 mA at 1.8 V supply voltage. What is more, the VCO designed only occupies on-chip area of 365 times 504 mum2, which is much smaller than that of other VCOs reported in the literature recently.
A Two-Layer Descriptor and Two-Step Matching for Stereoscopic Images

Among all the feature matching algorithms, SURF is famous for its computation efficiency in lots of practical applications. For recently popular stereoscopic videos, sparse feature matching, in which SURF is usually adopted, is the pre-processing of adjusting the 3D effect. However, significant improvement still can be made for SURF in stereo images. In this paper, a new two-layer feature descriptor and the corresponding two-step matching method which is based on the stereo images is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable or even better performance of matching at much less time compared against the SURF in stereo images.
Performance verification of uplink 8-antenna receiver in LTE-Advanced Release 12

LTE UL has been identified as the coverage and capacity bottleneck compared to DL, according to the comprehensive 3GPP studies and field trials. As an effective and promising solution for UL performance enhancements, BS 8-antenna receiver is being more and more widely deployed in LTE commercial networks. To verify the baseband demodulation ability of commercial BS products, a work item has been started to specify demodulation requirements for BS 8-antenna receiver in 3GPP LTE-Advanced Release 12. This paper firstly analyzes the performance gain of BS 8-antenna receiver in terms of UL capacity improvement, coverage extension as well as UE transmission power reduction, and the importance of specifying global demodulation requirements in 3GPP. Then detailed discussion and proposals on the key aspects of developing the performance requirements are presented, including: 1) the channel modeling methodology and derivation of MIMO spatial correlation matrices for 8-antenna reception; 2) how to determine the test requirements for LTE UL physical channels. It is shown that commercial BS products with 8-antenna receiver can achieve 3.0dB, 3.2dB and 3.2dB average gain respectively for PUSCH, PUCCH and PRACH, with respect to 4-antenna receiver.
Run-to-run control of CMP process considering aging effects of pad and disc

CMP processes are known to be erratic and unstable. A simple control strategy is to predict the run-to-run process removal rate and then adjust the processing time based on the prediction. EWMA and PCC techniques are two most often used prediction techniques. In this work, we revise the PCC design to take into account the ages of the abrasive pad and conditioning disc. It is shown that the proposed age-based technique can significantly improve the prediction capability and, thus, the control efficiency over conventional techniques.
Layered Graph Match with Graph Editing

Many vision tasks are posed as either graph partitioning (coloring) or graph matching (correspondence) problems. The former include segmentation and grouping, and the latter include wide baseline stereo, large motion, object tracking and recognition. In this paper, we present an integrated solution for both graph matching and graph partition using an effective sampling algorithm in a Bayesian framework. Given two images for matching, we extract two graphs using a primal sketch algorithm . The graph nodes are linelets and primitives (junctions). Both graphs are automatically partitioned into an unknown number of K + 1 layers of subgraphs so that K pairs of subgraphs are matched and the remaining layer contains unmatched backgrounds. Each matched pair represent a "moving object" with a TPS (thin-plate-spline) transform to account for its deformations and a set of graph operators to edit the pair of subgraphs to achieve perfect structural match. The matching energy between two subgraphs includes geometric deformations, appearance dissimilarities, and the cost of graph editing operators. We demonstrate its application on two tasks: (i) large motion with occlusion, and (ii) automatic detection and recognition of common objects in a pair of images.
Stability analysis of radome error and calibration using neural networks

Theoretical and numerical simulation analyses for the radome refraction effect on stability and induced miss distance of missiles guided by proportional navigation are presented. Quantitative stability conditions are derived with respect to linear and nonlinear radome error. A novel neural network compensation scheme for radome error is also presented. It is shown that the proposed neural compensator can effectively reduce the influence resulting from radome error. Preliminary results indicate encouraging improvement in the miss distance and magnitude of the acceleration command.
A new time-delay compensation scheme for hydraulic systems

Operating delay time in the solenoid valves is common in the practical electro-hydraulic servo systems. This may sometimes cause closed-loop instability if it wasn't treated carefully in the control system designs. We propose a non-model-based design approach for hydraulic actuating systems based on a new time-delay compensation scheme. In the proposed system, two types of controllers are combined; one is a fuzzy-PID controller used to ensure tracking performance, the other one is an adaptable wavelet compensator used to compensate for the time delay resulting from the control valve. Performance of the proposed design is widely verified on a newly developed simulation platform to show its effectiveness.
Embedded Single-Inductor Bipolar-Output DC–DC Converter in Class-D Amplifier for Low Common Noise

This paper proposes a high efficiency class-D amplifier (CDA) with embedded single-inductor bipolar output (SIBO) power module. The characteristics of SIBO converter's bipolar outputs not only suppress equivalent common-mode noise but also remove several large external bulky components in conventional boost supply CDA systems. Since bipolar outputs in the SIBO provide independent driving capability, CDA is capable of operating in both single-ended and bridge-tide load configurations. Furthermore, the proposed dynamic voltage boosting technique adjusts the SIBO output voltage level according to the CDA's output level with 5% power efficiency improvement. Peak total harmonic distortion plus noise performance is 0.012%. Peak power efficiency of SIBO and CDA is 89% and 93.2%, respectively.
An efficient blind detection algorithm for OFDM systems in selective fading channels

Applying the blind detection of transmitted symbols, the receiver can enhance the communication throughput, since the blind detection does not need pilot symbols. For the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system, which is widely used in modern wireless communications, some blind channel response (CR) estimation algorithms have been proposed. There are also blind detection algorithms that directly detect the transmitted data without explicit CR estimation. However, not all blind algorithms can be applied in time-varying or frequency-selective fading channels. Moreover, the blind algorithms usually have higher complexity. In this paper, we first propose a general principle, by which one can build a metric for blind detection from any pilot-assisted CR estimation algorithm. By this principle and based on the least-squares-fitting (LSF) pilot-assisted CR estimation, we derive a metric for blind detection and propose an efficient blind data detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is operated on a block of received symbols. The block can be composed of symbols along subchannels or along time slots, and the blind detection can be applied in frequency-selective or time-varying fading channels. With the proposed tree search method, the proposed blind detection algorithm attains the same performance as a previous blind detection algorithm based on the same metric, while the complexity is significantly reduced.
Turning Rust into Gold: An ancient artifact as an interactive artwork

Turning Rust into Gold is inspired by a Chinese antique Mao-Kung Ting (cauldron) treasured by the National Palace Museum in Taiwan. Having a five-hundred-character inscription cast inside, and its weathered appearance made the Mao-Kung very unique. Motivated by revealing the great nature of the artifact and interpreting it into a meaningful narrative, we have proposed an interactive multimedia system that facilitates effective communication between museum audiences and the Mao-Kung Ting. Three technologies have been implemented to emphasize the weathered appearance of the bronze. De-/weathering simulation techniques have been deployed to revive the bronze to its original shiny gold color; while breath-based biofeedback and haptic technology have been utilized as user interfaces to trigger the de-weathering process of the Mao-Kung Ting. Also, the interactive scenarios have been designed with the Chinese cultural context and philosophy Qi, enabling users more easily fall into the Chinese civilization. The paper aims to present the development of the artwork Turing Rust into Gold, in order to further contribute to the feasibility of incorporating new media art in a historical museum context, and bring a new horizon in the museum sector.
Tracking Objects with Adaptive Feature Patches for PTZ Camera Visual Surveillance

Compared to the traditional tracking with fixed cameras, the PTZ-camera-based tracking is more challenging due to (i) lacking of reliable background modeling and subtraction; (ii) the appearance and scale of target changing suddenly and drastically. Tackling these problems, this paper proposes a novel tracking algorithm using patch-based object models and demonstrates its advantages with the PTZ-camera in the application of visual surveillance. In our method, the target model is learned and represented by a set of feature patches whose discriminative power is higher than others. The target model is matched and evaluated by both appearance and motion consistency measurements. The homography between frames is also calculated for scale adaptation. The experiment on several surveillance videos shows that our method outperforms the state-of-arts approaches.
Cost-Effective Active Learning for Deep Image Classification

Recent successes in learning-based image classification, however, heavily rely on the large number of annotated training samples, which may require considerable human effort. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning (AL) framework, which is capable of building a competitive classifier with optimal feature representation via a limited amount of labeled training instances in an incremental learning manner. Our approach advances the existing AL methods in two aspects. First, we incorporate deep convolutional neural networks into AL. Through the properly designed framework, the feature representation and the classifier can be simultaneously updated with progressively annotated informative samples. Second, we present a cost-effective sample selection strategy to improve the classification performance with less manual annotations. Unlike traditional methods focusing on only the uncertain samples of low prediction confidence, we especially discover the large amount of high-confidence samples from the unlabeled set for feature learning. Specifically, these high-confidence samples are automatically selected and iteratively assigned pseudolabels. We thus call our framework cost-effective AL (CEAL) standing for the two advantages. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed CEAL framework can achieve promising results on two challenging image classification data sets, i.e., face recognition on the cross-age celebrity face recognition data set database and object categorization on Caltech-256.
Fast handover techniques for ESS-subnet topology mismatch in IEEE 802.11

With the advances in wireless communication technology, mobile applications are gradually being introduced as part of our life. IEEE 802.11 is one of the most popular wireless communication technologies. Prior studies toward layer-2 and layer-3 handoffs assume that Extend Service Set (ESS) exactly matches a dedicated subnet. However, an inter-ESS with intra-subnet handoff and an intra-ESS with inter-subnet handoff may also be possible. Such mismatching ESS-subnet configurations result in performance degradation. This paper proposes FCS, a Further Check Scheme which detects the change of subnet after an intra-ESS handoff and eliminates unnecessary handoff latency after an inter-ESS handoff. The experimental results show that FCS outperforms the conventional implementation of NetworkManager under Linux in terms of handoff latency.
Multi-label Image Recognition by Recurrently Discovering Attentional Regions

This paper proposes a novel deep architecture to address multi-label image recognition, a fundamental and practical task towards general visual understanding. Current solutions for this task usually rely on an extra step of extracting hypothesis regions (i.e., region proposals), resulting in redundant computation and sub-optimal performance. In this work, we achieve the interpretable and contextualized multi-label image classification by developing a recurrent memorized-attention module. This module consists of two alternately performed components: i) a spatial transformer layer to locate attentional regions from the convolutional feature maps in a region-proposal-free way and ii) an LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) sub-network to sequentially predict semantic labeling scores on the located regions while capturing the global dependencies of these regions. The LSTM also output the parameters for computing the spatial transformer. On large-scale benchmarks of multi-label image classification (e.g., MS-COCO and PASCAL VOC 07), our approach demonstrates superior performances over other existing state-of-the-arts in both accuracy and efficiency.
Segmental Prediction for Video Coding

The emerging standards for screen content coding (SCC) and 3D video coding known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)-SCC and 3D-HEVC, respectively, have been developed as extensions of HEVC. Compared with camera-captured video, screen content video and depth maps usually contain significantly fewer colors or sample intensities and much sharper edges in a frame. In this paper, a new coding method named segmental prediction is proposed to code screen content and depth maps more efficiently. First, samples in a prediction block are classified into several segments according to the sample intensities. Second, a particular predictor is calculated for each segment. Then an offset for a segment is derived at the encoder side and signaled to the decoder side. Finally, a single sample value is assigned to each segment in the reconstructed block. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve a 2.2% average Bjontegaard Distortion-rate (BD-rate) saving under the HEVC-SCC common test conditions (CTCs) for sequences of the category YUV, text and graphics with motion, 1080p, with the all intra configuration. It can also achieve a 0.6% average BD-rate saving for synthesized views under the 3D-HEVC CTCs with the random access configuration.
Simulation of Inhomogeneous Superconducting Properties of YBCO HTS Tapes

The critical performance of YBCO tape with inhomogeneous superconducting properties was simulated by use of a bad point distribution model and the Gaussian distribution model. The critical current and n value of the whole HTS tape was analysed. The reliability of the simulation was verified with the experimental data. The results of the two simulation models were compared each other. The influence of inhomogeneous properties on the critical performance of YBCO HTS tape was proved by simulation results which are helpful for the simulation of superconducting devices based on YBCO HTS tapes.
Block-Layout Design Using MAX–MIN Ant System for Saving Energy on Mass Rapid Transit Systems

This paper presents a method of block-layout design between successive stations for mass rapid transit systems (MRTSs). The aim is to save energy under the framework of the fixed-block signaling (FBS) system and the equi-block principle. Unlike past research regarding the energy savings of train operation, this paper proposes a combinatorial optimization model to reduce the computation time. In the presented approach, the problem of minimizing the energy consumption between successive stations is first formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. Then, the train-speed trajectory for saving energy is optimized by a MAX-MIN ant system (MMAS) of ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms. Finally, the block layout is designed in accordance with the shortest block length under the equi-block principle. It is shown that the method presents a significant improvement for the reduction of computational burden on the block-layout design. The feasibility and benefits are verified via simulation study. Analyses and discussions are also given.
A competitive delay-based TCP

TCP Vegas is a famous delay-based congestion control mechanism. Researches have indicated that TCP Vegas outperforms the loss-based TCP Reno in many aspects. However, Reno is still the most widely deployed TCP version in the current Internet. This predicament is primarily due to the incompatibility of Vegas with Reno. The performance of Vegas is generally mediocre in environments where Reno coexists. Hence, there exists no incentive for operating systems to adopt Vegas as default transport layer protocol. In this paper, we propose a new variant of Vegas called competitive delay-based TCP (CODE TCP) which could be compatible and get the fair share of network resources with Reno. CODE is a sender-sided modification and hence can be implemented solely at the end host. Our simulations confirm that CODE has better fairness characteristic in network environments where Reno coexist without discarding the good features of Vegas.
AAM based face tracking with temporal matching and face segmentation

Active Appearance Model (AAM) based face tracking has advantages of accurate alignment, high efficiency, and effectiveness for handling face deformation. However, AAM suffers from the generalization problem and has difficulties in images with cluttered backgrounds. In this paper, we introduce two novel constraints into AAM fitting to address the above problems. We first introduce a temporal matching constraint in AAM fitting. In the proposed fitting scheme, the temporal matching enforces an inter-frame local appearance constraint between frames. The resulting model takes advantage of temporal matching's good generalizability, but does not suffer from the mismatched points. To make AAM more stable for cluttered backgrounds, we introduce a color-based face segmentation as a soft constraint. Both constraints effectively improve the AAM tracker's performance, as demonstrated with experiments on various challenging real-world videos.
A Novel Relay Placement Algorithm Based on Puzzle Games for Indoor Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, many studies focus on indoor wireless sensor networks (WSN) problems. Although the indoor space is smaller than the outdoor space, the indoor space contains a variety of obstacles such as walls, doors, etc. The obstructions may affect or block the communication between the sensor nodes and relay nodes, thereby affecting the construction difficulty of indoor WSN. The outdoor algorithms can hardly be applied to indoor environments because of the complexity of indoor environments, in which a radio signal can be dramatically degraded by obstacles like walls. This paper focuses on how to use the least number of relay nodes and sensor nodes to construct wireless sensor networks in an indoor space with obstructions. This paper proposes a new jigsaw-based relay placement algorithm (JRPI) for indoor WSNs. The simulation results prove that the proposed method only needs few numbers of relay nodes to cover the whole indoor space, and better than an efficient greedy algorithm called RPI.
Novel AlInAsSb/InGaAs double-barrier resonant tunneling diode with high peak-to-valley current ratio at room temperature

We demonstrate a novel Al/sub 0.66/In/sub 0.34/As/sub 0.85/Sb/sub 0.15/-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As double-barrier resonant tunneling diode grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. A high peak-to-valley current ratio of 46 and a peak current density of 22 kA/cm/sup 2/ were obtained at room temperature.
Optimisation of fuel efficiency for freeway vehicles

A novel idea for optimising the driving strategies based on the vehicle speed and acceleration commands is developed and proposed to improve the fuel efficiency of the next generation freeway vehicles. The decision-making problem of driving strategies is converted into a combinatorial optimisation problem by dividing the route into a certain amount of consecutive sections, and the optimal speed and acceleration commands to be recommended to the vehicles are determined. Traffic condition in the freeway is defined as the traffic operating at the free-flow speed that is not inhibited by the presence of other vehicles, for example, off-peak times or sparsely populated areas. A two-stage process is used for optimisation. In stage one, the ADVISOR software is used to perform offline calculation of fuel consumption in divided sections for reducing time cost of the online optimisation. The lookup table of consumed fuel and time of the vehicle with different operation conditions is constructed for online process. In stage two, the MAX-MIN ant system algorithm is used to optimise the fuel-efficient driving strategies. A real route is considered as the object for experimental study. The results show that, based on the proposed fuel-efficient driving strategy, fuel consumption could be significantly improved while compared with the aggressive driving strategies.