nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
MPEG-4 compliant video encoding: analysis and rate control strategies

Any set of MPEG-4 elementary bitstreams building a video scene can only be considered profile@level compliant if it does not violate the MPEG-4 video buffering verifier constraints for the chosen profile@level. This paper analyses this mechanism, discussing its major features and drawbacks, notably in comparison with alternative solutions. Furthermore, rate control strategies to guarantee a compliant encoding, are proposed.
Using near field model predictions to detect and map an outfall sewage plume with an AUV

Near field model predictions can be used to reduce the uncertainty about outfall sewage plume location during a monitoring mission. In this paper we present an innovative methodology that uses these models to predict the plume location, establishing a sensing strategy applicable to a monitoring mission using an AUV. The paper describes two applications that implement this methodology, accomplishing the automatic mission definition using real-time oceanographic data.
A Triple User Characterization Model for Video Adaptation and Quality of Experience Evaluatio

This paper proposes the triple sensation-perception-emotion user characterization model for content adaptation and discusses adaptation tools and quality of experience metrics in light of this model. In the context of this paper, the utility would be associated to the sensorial, perceptual and emotional dimensions of the quality of experience. The adequate usage by the adaptation mechanism of available user preferences data will imply higher quality perceptual and emotional experiences. The major purpose of this paper is to launch some new ideas in the field of video adaptation and quality of experience evaluation. This model is hierarchical in the sense that typically emotions build on perceptions and perceptions build on sensations, setting a hierarchy
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data

At Brown University, there is excitement of having access to the Brown Corpus, containing one million English words. Since then, we have seen several notable corpora that are about 100 times larger, and in 2006, Google released a trillion-word corpus with frequency counts for all sequences up to five words long. In some ways this corpus is a step backwards from the Brown Corpus: it's taken from unfiltered Web pages and thus contains incomplete sentences, spelling errors, grammatical errors, and all sorts of other errors. It's not annotated with carefully hand-corrected part-of-speech tags. But the fact that it's a million times larger than the Brown Corpus outweighs these drawbacks. A trillion-word corpus - along with other Web-derived corpora of millions, billions, or trillions of links, videos, images, tables, and user interactions - captures even very rare aspects of human behavior. So, this corpus could serve as the basis of a complete model for certain tasks - if only we knew how to extract the model from the data.
Efficient formulation of Multimode Equivalent Networks for 2-D waveguide steps through Kummer's transformation

In this paper we present a new and improved formulation for the Multimode Equivalent Network (MEN) representation of arbitrary waveguide junctions. In the new formulation the Kummer's transformation is used to separate the kernel into dynamic and static parts, by introducing higher order extraction terms. The main difference with respect to the old formulation is that the approximation of the kernel is more accurate and the numerical computations are more efficient. In addition to theory, both formulations are compared in terms of efficiency and convergence thereby fully validating the proposed new formulation.
Temporal shape error concealment by global motion compensation with local refinement

This paper presents an original temporal shape error concealment technique based on a combination of global and local motion compensation. For this technique, which is especially useful for object-based video applications in error-prone environments (e.g., mobile networks), it is assumed that the shape of the corrupted object at hand is in the form of a binary alpha plane and some of the shape data is missing due to channel errors. To conceal the corrupted shape, the decoder first assumes that a global motion model can describe the shape changes in consecutive time instants. This way, based on locally estimated global motion parameters, the decoder attempts to conceal the corrupted alpha plane by global motion compensating the shape data from the previous time instant. Afterwards, since a global motion model cannot perfectly describe all alpha plane changes, a local motion refinement is applied to improve the concealment in areas of the object with significant local motion.
A Novel Model for Combining Projection and Image Filtering Using Kalman and Discrete Wavelet Transform in Computerized Tomography

This paper presents a novel model for combining projection and image filtering in computerized tomography. First, it is used an a priori one-dimensional projection filtering, through an extended Kalman filter with joint estimation. Then, the reconstructed images, obtained filtered backprojection algorithms (including the use of Hamming windows), are filtered using the two-dimensional DWT and wavelet thresholding, a non-linear technique. Experiments considering only one filtering stage (a priori 1-D filtering or 2-D DWT image filtering) show images with significant higher noise levels and the combination showed great noise reduction. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the proposed combining model is a valid and interesting tool for tomographic image analysis.
Multimedia Retrieval and Delivery: Essential Metadata Challenges and Standards

Multimedia information retrieval (MIR) and delivery plays an important role in many application domains due to the increasing need to identify, filter, and manage growing amounts of data, notably multimedia information. To efficiently manage and exchange multimedia information, interoperability between coded data and metadata is required and standardization is central to achieving the necessary level of interoperability. In the context of this paper, the term retrieval refers to the process by which a user, human or machine, identifies the content it needs, and the term delivery refers to the adaptive transport and consumption of the identified content in a particular context or usage environment. Both the retrieval and delivery processes may require content and context metadata. This paper will argue that maximum quality of experience depends not only on the content itself (and thus content metadata) but also on the consumption conditions (thus context metadata). Additionally, the rights and protection conditions have become critically important in recent years, especially with the explosion of electronic music commerce and different ldquoshoppingrdquo conditions. This paper will review existing multimedia standards related to information retrieval and adaptive delivery of multimedia content, emphasizing the need for such standards, and will show how these standards can help the development, dissemination, and valorization of MIR research results. Moreover, it will also discuss limitations of the current standards and anticipate what future standardization activities are relevant and needed. Due to space limitations, the paper will mainly concentrate on MPEG standards although many other relevant standards are also reviewed and discussed.
Analysis of microstrip to circular waveguide transitions by a new spatial images method

A new spatial images procedure has been applied to the analysis of microstrip to circular waveguide transitions. The numerical technique is based on the utilization of stratified image rings, where the weights and orientations of either discrete charges or dipole images are determined. This is accomplished by enforcing the scalar and vector potential boundary conditions on the cavity walls. The results obtained with the new Green's functions have been compared to those given by a standard integral equation method based on the free space Green's functions, and a finite elements implementation. Good agreement is shown between the different techniques, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the new approach.
Image coding based on patch-driven inpainting

Recent advances in capturing and display technologies, as well as the proliferation of platforms to share images on the Internet, will further increase the bandwidth and storage space required by image coding based applications. To reduce the image coding rate, some techniques taking into account the properties of the human visual system can be used. In this context, this paper proposes an inpainting based image codec which is able to improve the image compression efficiency. The proposed codec builds on top of the JPEG image coding standard and its rate-distortion performance is assessed using a novel methodology, particularly suitable for perceptual image codecs as the one proposed in this paper. According to this methodology, the proposed image codec allows a bitrate reduction of up to about 20% regarding the JPEG standard, at the same perceptual quality.
Spatio-Temporal Scene Level Error Concealment for Shape and Texture Data in Segmented Video Content

In this paper, a novel shape and texture error concealment technique for segmented object-based video scenes is proposed. This technique is different from existing concealment techniques because it considers not only the corrupted video objects to be concealed, but also the context/scene in which they are inserted. In the proposed technique, concealment is done by using information from the current time instant as well as from the past. The obtained results suggest that the use of this technique significantly improves the subjective visual impact of scenes on the end-user, when compared to independent concealment of video objects.
Lyapounov stability for impulsive dynamical systems

This article addresses the problem of stability of impulsive control systems whose dynamics are given by measure driven differential inclusions. One important feature concerns the adopted solution which allows the consideration of systems whose singular dynamics do not satisfy the so-called Frobenius condition. After extending the conventional notion of control Lyapunov pair for impulsive systems, some stability conditions of the Lyapunov type are given. Some conclusions follow the outline of the proof of the main result.
2D surface formulation for conducting objects coated in multilayered homogeneous media using the fast multipole method

In this paper, the fast multipole method (FMM), one of the most important techniques developed in order to reduce the computational burden associated with the method of moments (MOM), is applied to analyze a 2D conducting body coated in a multilayered medium. A general formulation and some results are presented, which show the advantages of using the FMM in the solution of this kind of problem.
Novel and simple technique to control the polarization in stub-loaded leaky-wave antennas

Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are commonly used to synthesize narrow-beam frequency-scanning radiation patterns by means of a single line-source. By properly controlling the leaky-mode propagation constant, one can flexibly design the pointing direction and the sidelobes distribution. Many studies have been performed in the last years to conceive LWAs that also have polarization flexibility, and particularly to obtain circular polarization. For this purpose, periodic arrays of slots or strips have been added to a host waveguide to induce radiation in the desired polarization. In all these LWA designs, the polarization was controlled by choosing the orientation and dimensions of the periodic perturbations. Normally, complicated orthogonal arrangements of the periodic arrays are needed to obtain circular polarization. In addition, radial waveguides and microstrip lines have also been proposed to obtain vertical and horizontal polarization at the same time, and eventually achieve a circularly polarized main beam. In this contribution, we present a totally original mechanism that allows to control the polarization of the radiated fields in stub- loaded LWAs. The proposed mechanism does not need the introduction of periodic perturbations orthogonally arranged, neither the modification of the host waveguide to obtain a radial shape. As it will be shown, a uniform LWA can be used to excite and control the horizontal and vertical components of the radiated fields.
The IOPT-Flow Modeling Framework Applied to Power Electronics Controllers

The input–output place-transition (IOPT)-flow modeling framework was created to support the design of mixed embedded system controllers containing both reactive and data-driven parts, combining Petri net and dataflow elements. The reactive parts, whose evolution depends on external events, are modeled using Petri nets. Data manipulation operations that process input signals and events are expressed using dataflows. The framework is composed by a Web-based tool-chain including a graphical editor, a simulator, and automatic code generation tools to produce C and VHDL controller implementations. To demonstrate the language and the related tools, an example of a closed-loop brushless dc servo motor controller is presented. A prototype using the automatic generated VHDL code was implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board.
A new ROV design: issues on low drag and mechanical symmetry

This paper reports the design of a new remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV), which has been developed at the Underwater Systems and Technology Laboratory (USTL) - University of Porto. This design is contextualized on the KOS project (Kits for underwater operations). The main issues addressed here concern directional drag minimization, symmetry, optimized thruster positioning, stability and layout of ROV components. This design is aimed at optimizing ROV performance for a set of different operational scenarios. This is achieved through modular configurations which are optimized for each different scenario.
Adaptive bilateral filter for improved in-loop filtering in the emerging high efficiency video coding standard

To face the still growing video compression needs, ITU and MPEG have jointly started a standardization project called High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) which aims to improve the compression efficiency of the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC standard for high and ultra high definition video. The HEVC codec still relies on the usual motion compensated, predictive, block based transform coding architecture with block sizes higher than 8×8 being now considered. Furthermore, the codec is also equipped with a Wiener in-loop filter which, together with the H.264/AVC deblocking filter, further reduces the distortion between the original and decoded frames introduced by lossy coding. While this filter allows indeed reducing the sum of square differences between the original and reconstructed frames, it is not specifically designed to reduce the ringing artifacts resulting from the use of large transform block sizes. In this context, this paper proposes to combine an adaptive bilateral filter together with the HEVC Wiener filter. The proposed combined filter allows an average bitrate reduction of about 7% regarding the HEVC codec without the Wiener filter and a 1.5% reduction regarding the HEVC codec with only the Wiener filter, always for the same quality. Moreover, the combined filter also reduces the ringing artifacts according to an objective metric specifically designed to quantify this type of coding artifact.
IMC: A communication protocol for networked vehicles and sensors

This paper presents the Inter-Module Communication (IMC) protocol, a message-oriented protocol designed and implemented in the Underwater Systems and Technology Laboratory (LSTS) to build interconnected systems of vehicles, sensors and human operators that are able to pursue common goals cooperatively by exchanging real-time information about the environment and updated objectives. IMC abstracts hardware and communication heterogeniety by providing a shared set of messages that can be serialized and transferred over different means.
Full expansion of context-dependent networks in large vocabulary speech recognition

We combine our earlier approach to context-dependent network representation with our algorithm for determining weighted networks to build optimized networks for large-vocabulary speech recognition combining an n-gram language model, a pronunciation dictionary and context-dependency modeling. While fully-expanded networks have been used before in restrictive settings (medium vocabulary or no cross-word contexts), we demonstrate that our network determination method makes it practical to use fully-expanded networks also in large-vocabulary recognition with full cross-word context modeling. For the DARPA North American Business News task (NAB), we give network sizes and recognition speeds and accuracies using bigram and trigram grammars with vocabulary sizes ranging from 10000 to 160000 words. With our construction, the fully-expanded NAB context-dependent networks contain only about twice as many arcs as the corresponding language models. Interestingly, we also find that, with these networks, real-time word accuracy is improved by increasing the vocabulary size and n-gram order.
Development of a small Radio Telescope at the Technical University of Cartagena: A duty with our students and society

An initiative carried out at the Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT, Spain) to encourage students and promote the interest for Scientific and Engineering Culture between society is presented in this contribution. For this purpose, a medium-term (4 years) project based on the design, fabrication, testing and setup of a small Radio Telescope system has been carried out. The main novelty is that this project is entirely being done by students of last courses of our Telecommunication Engineering Faculty, under the supervision of four lecturers.
Objective evaluation of relative segmentation quality

When working in image and video segmentation, the major objective is to design an algorithm producing the appropriate segmentation results for the particular goals of the application addressed. Therefore, the assessment of the segmentation quality assumes a crucial importance to evaluate the likeliness that the application targets are met. Since no well-established methods for objective segmentation quality evaluation are currently available, this paper's major goal is to propose objective metrics for the evaluation of relative segmentation quality for both individual objects and the overall segmentation partition. The paper presents a methodology for performing objective evaluation of relative segmentation quality, identifies the relevant features to be compared against those of the reference segmentation, and proposes appropriate objective quality metrics. These metrics build on the existing knowledge of segmentation quality evaluation and also on some relevant aspects from the video quality evaluation field.
A geometric space-view redundancy descriptor for light fields: Predicting the compression potential of the JPEG Pleno light field datasets

The representation of data in terms of its statistical properties is valuable in many applications. This work uses statistics obtained from 4D scene geometry to characterize, in terms of redundancy, the content produced by lenslet-based light field cameras and by high-density arrays of cameras for the JPEG Pleno Call for Proposals on Light Field Coding. This paper proposes a novel so-called geometric space-view redundancy (GSVR) descriptor, which is able to characterize the amount of redundancy in light fields thus bringing information about the trade-offs involved in effectively exploring redundancy for efficient coding. The redundancy is here measured by the probability, for each block size and range of views, that the image of a given 3D point belongs to the block in all views. For a given probability, the GSVR descriptor models the spaceview correlation, i.e. the correlation between the intra-view block dimensions and the number of views. Therefore, it is a descriptor that has application on dataset selection and encoder control and optimization. The JPEG Pleno datasets are analyzed in terms of the GSVR descriptor in all views.
Self-oscillating electronic ballast evaluation through non-linear dynamic systems analysis

The behavior of self-oscillating circuit used in electronic ballast depends of the limit cycle presence due to its operational principle as a nonlinear control system. In order to elucidate its behavior, it can be represented through block diagrams and modeled in a point of view of control system. It allows determine its behavior more accurately using the equations solution that describes the circuit and to show the presence of limit cycle in this system. The limit cycle can be obtained through the solution of the transition state matrix shown in this paper.
Texture refreshment need metric for resilient object-based video coding

Video encoders may use several techniques to improve error resilience. In particular, for video encoders that rely on predictive (inter) coding to remove temporal redundancy, intra coding refreshment is especially useful to stop error propagation when errors occur in the transmission or storage of the coded streams, which can cause the decoded quality to decay very rapidly. In object-based video coders, intra coding refreshment can be applied to both shape and texture data. A texture refreshment need metric is proposed which can be used by object-based video encoders, notably MPEG-4 video encoders, to determine when the texture of the various video objects in a scene should be refreshed in order to improve the decoded video quality, e.g. for a certain amount of bitrate resources.
Transverse resonance analysis of a planar leaky wave antenna with flexible control of the complex propagation constant

In this paper an efficient technique based on the transverse resonance network has been implemented to analyze a half-mode microstrip line loaded with two rows of periodic metallic posts. For this antenna a simultaneous control of both the phase constant β and the leakage rate a is achieved and therefore a tailored radiation pattern can be synthesized whereas a high radiation efficiency is kept. The radiation mechanism is similar to the conventional microstrip leaky-wave antenna operating in its first higher-order mode, with the novelty than the leaky-mode leakage rate can be controlled thanks to the addition of the periodic metallic posts. In order to characterize the impedance associated to the row of metallic posts an electric field integral equation EFIE based on the Green's functions one dimensional periodic current filament has been solved by the method of moments MoM. Several prototypes operating at 15 GHz have been designed and validated by using a commercial full-wave simulation tool with the purpose to demonstrate the operation principle and design flexibility of this leaky-wave antenna.
SMOV: Array Bound-Check and access in a single instruction

A Buffer Overflow (BOF) continues to be among the top open doors to worms and malware. Earlier in 2014, the security world was taken by surprise when researches unveiled a BOF in OpenSSL. Languages like C and C++, widely used for system development and for a large variety of applications, do not provide native Array-Bound Checks (ABC). A myriad of proposals endeavor memory protection for such languages by employing both software- and hardware-based solutions. Due to numerous reasons, none of them have yet reached the mainstream. In this work we propose a novel approach to achieve an array bound-check and a memory access (when allowed) within a single instruction. We discuss how it can be implemented on variable-length ISAs and provide a reference implementation. Our results indicate that our solution can run programs 1,79× faster than the software-based approach.