nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of GNSS signal parameters under ionosphere scintillation conditions using software-based tracking algorithms

This paper analyzes the carrier tracking outputs of GPS L1 signals during ionosphere scintillations using a conventional PLL, a frequency-assisted PLL, and a Kalman filter based PLL. The data used in the analysis were collected by a radio frequency front end at Ascension Island in March 2001. Among the 8 GPS satellites in view during the 45 minutes data collection experiment, 6 of them experienced phase fluctuations while 7 of them showed signs of amplitude scintillation. The paper presents the detailed tracking algorithm implementations, tracking loop generated carrier to noise ratio and S4 index, detrended carrier phase measurements, and spectral analysis of both signal intensity and the detrended carrier phase for all SV in view during scintillations.
Design of the process monitoring management system based on RFID

Considering the higher requirements for data acquisition and information processing of process-trace in discrete manufacturing industry, the architecture of the process monitoring management system based on RFID is proposed. The implementation mechanism of the application agent structure is presented as well as the complex logic controlling method. The progress analysis model is also given. At last, the implementation of the intelligent terminal is given, which proves the feasibility and the effectiveness of the system in practical application.
A novel boundary element method with surface conductive absorbers for 3-D analysis of nanophotonics

Fast integral equation solvers seem to be ideal approaches for simulating 3-D nanophotonic devices, as these devices generate fields both in an interior channel and in the infinite exterior domain. However, many devices of interest have channels that cannot be terminated without generating numerical reflections. Generating absorbers for these channels is a new problem for integral equation methods, as integral equation methods were initially developed for problems with finite surfaces. In this paper we show that the obvious approach for eliminating reflections, making the channel mildly conductive outside the domain of interest, is quite inaccurate. Instead, we propose a new method which uses a gradually varying surface conductivity to act as an absorber. Experiments are presented to demonstrate that this new method is orders of magnitude more effective than a volume absorber, and is easily incorporated in a fast integral equation solver.
A 150GHz amplifier based on coupled transmission line neutralization and inter stage impedance matching with 20dB gain in 65nm CMOS

The design of a four-stage common-source (CS) 150 GHz amplifier in a 65nm technology is described. Each stage bases on the proposed technique of coupled transmission line (T-line) neutralization to achieve an improved intrinsic gain. Coupled T-line is also used for impedance matching, including both input and output, and inter stage impedance matching. Simulations show that the proposed amplifier circuit achieves a gain of 20 dB along with a 3dB bandwidth of 10GHz at 150GHz band, and a power consumption of 22 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
A new adaptive interference cancellation receiver

A new kind of linear adaptive parallel interference cancellation receiver for coherent demodulation in asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) systems is considered. The proposed linear adaptive receiver is a little more complex than the standard single-user receiver consisting of filter banks with constant coefficients, but achieves essential advantages with respect to multiple access interference (MAI) and near/far effect. It need no more knowledge of users than the conventional receiver, and the receiver is trained by a known training sequence prior to data transmission and continuously adjusted by an adaptive algorithm during data transmission. The computational complexity of the receiver increases linearly with the number of users. The structure of the receiver is all feedforward and the system is more stable. The receiver can also be combined with the smart antenna and obtain better performance. The proposed receiver is tested by simulations over a channel with multiple access interference and additive white Gaussian noise.
Associative classification using an immune optimization algorithm

Associative classification algorithms which are based on association rules have performed well compared with other classification approaches. However a fundamental limitation with these classification algorithms is that the search space of candidate rules is very large and the processes of rule discovery and rule selection are conducted separately. This paper proposes an algorithm based on immune optimization mechanism for optimizing associative classification rules. In the proposed algorithm the rule search process and the rule selection process are integrated in a more reasonable way in the optimization process of associative rules, thus it has the capability of dealing with complex search space of association rules while still ensuring that the resultant set of association rules is appropriate for associative classification. The performance evaluation results have shown that the proposed algorithm has achieved good runtime and accuracy performance for categorical and text datasets in comparison with conventional associative classification algorithms.
A teleoperation system for a humanoid robot with multiple information feedback and operational modes

This paper presents a teleoperation system to control humanoid robot BHR-01. Multiple input devices such as keyboards, mouse and master arm are adopted to input the commands, and different operational modes are designed to control different parts of the humanoid robot. In order to let the operator to know the situation of the robot environment, some information obtained by robot's sensors, environment's monitoring devices and virtual devices are transferred to the operator. Finally, the effectiveness of the teleoperation system is illustrated by experiments that the operator manipulates BHR-01
A comprehensive evaluation of full reference image quality assessment algorithms

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in developing objective image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms that can measure the image quality consistently with subjective evaluations. For the full reference (FR) IQA problem, great progress has been made in the past decade. On the other hand, several new large scale image datasets have been released for evaluating FR IQA methods in recent years. Meanwhile, no work has been reported to evaluate and compare the performance of state-of-the-art and representative FR IQA methods on all the available datasets. In this paper, we aim to fulfill this task by reporting the performance of eleven selected FR IQA algorithms on all the seven public IQA image datasets. Our evaluation results and the associated discussions will be very helpful for relevant researchers to have a clearer understanding about the status of modern FR IQA indices. Evaluation results presented in this paper are also online available at http://sse.tongji.edu.cn/linzhang/IQA/IQA.htm.
Diffusion and Security Evaluation of Feistel-PG

Feistel-PG structure is a new specific Generalized Feistel structure (GFS) adopted in DBlock and LHash. Its main feature is adding a sbox-size permutation before the round function. Different choices of the permutation may affect the security property of ciphers with Feistel-PG structure but how it effects is not clear. We evaluate the values of diffusion round for all possible parameters and summarize the characteristics of optimum shuffles. The results show that one special kind of Feistel-PG achieves full diffusion in less cost than the improved GFS. This advantage may attract the designers' interests and this kind of Feistel-PG ciphers are suggested to designers. We also evaluate the security of suggested ciphers against various byte-oriented attacks, including differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, impossible differential attack and integral attack. Some permutations with optimum diffusion but relatively weaker security are filtered out and these permutations should be avoided by designers.
Design on pitch-control wind turbine system based on Bladed

This paper derives the relationship between the drag coefficient and the electrical power of the generator by deducing the connection between the drag coefficient and the rotor power coefficient. The efficiency losing state of running is introduced to the simulation of the aging of the blade and the control strategy that combining the pitch control and generator torque-speed control is utilized under the efficiency losing state of running. The simulation results of the software Bladed display that the wind turbine operates safely by using the strategy under the failure operation.
Analysis and research of GNSS near ground signal based on the dilution of precision

The GNSS signal which is reflected by the surface of the object carries the physical characteristic information of reflecting surface. GNSS-R is a new kind of remote sensing method to study near ground reflected signal and scattering signal. The dilution of precision, as one of the important means to evaluate the performance of satellite navigation and positioning, can be used to retrieve all kinds of physical characteristic information. This paper presents our investigation of the characteristics of the GNSS reflected signal. Through the experiments under the tree, near the river and on the playground, the dilution of precision of the direct and reflected signals were analyzed and compared. It is found that the dilution of precision of the reflected signal is better than the direct signal under the condition of a sheltered environment, and the more rough the reflection surface, the higher the dilution of precision. Therefore, this provides a reference for GNSS-R inverse physical characteristic information.
Area Spectral Efficiency of Cooperative Network with Opportunistic Relaying

In this paper, we investigate the area spectral efficiency (ASE) in a three-node cooperative network with opportunistic relaying. On one hand, in conventional cellular network, ASE is defined to be the average data rate per unit bandwidth per unit area supported by a base station. On the other hand, in cooperative network, since there is no such a central base station, we redefine ASE to be the average data rate per unit bandwidth within a particular area, in which simultaneous transmissions are not allowed. In addition, to maximize the instantaneous capacity between the source and the destination, we apply a transmission mode selection criterion to determine whether the direct transmission or the multi-hop relay transmission is utilized. We derive the mathematical expression of ASE with the consideration of the relay node location and the impact of path-loss and fading effects. We show through selected numerical examples the effect of relay node position on the performance metric of ASE.
A 2.4-GHz CMOS up-conversion mixer for WSN SoC applications

Mixer is one of the main modules of a transmitter system, and its performance will heavily impact the functionality of the entire transmitter. Gilbert cell structure can achieve high degree of RF (Radio Frequency) and LO (Local Oscillator) isolation, thus loosening filtering output requirements. This design employs a resonant LC network as the load to improve gain, increase the output voltage swing, and inhibit the high-order harmonic generation. It uses feedback to improve the linearity of the mixer. The current-reuse bleeding double-balanced mixer operates at 2.4GHz. And the up-conversion mixer uses an intermediate frequency (IF) input frequency of 1.2MHz, a local oscillator (LO) of frequency 2.4GHz and a RF output frequency of 2.4012GHz. Experimental test chip is realized. Measured results demonstrate −2.01dB conversion gain, and −13dBm input compression point with 11.9mA total current with a 1.8V supply. The current in Gilbert Cell is 2.9mA and the current in buffer is 9mA.
Design of fuzzy controllers for Brushless DC motors based on multi-objective optimization Algorithm

A design method of adaptive fuzzy controllers for Brushless DC motors by applying an improved multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed. The proposed optimization algorithm can optimize and determine the fuzzy rules and membership functions parameters of fuzzy controllers simultaneously in the optimizing, and reconcile the demands of more than one conflicting dynamic and stationary performances. In order to maintain the diversity of individuals to avoid premature mature in the proposed multi-objective optimization Algorithm, a new enhancement mechanism is proposed. Simulation experimental results show the designed adaptive fuzzy controllers have stronger robustness and resisting disturbance ability. At the same time, the designed fuzzy adaptive controllers have satisfactory dynamic and stationary performances for Brushless DC motors speed control.
Design and implementation of X-band frequency synthesizer based on ADF4156

This paper introduces the principle and design method of X-band frequency synthesizer which was developed based on fractional divider technology. The solution uses fractional-N PLL chip ADF4156 as the important hardware support, which solved the contradiction between the high phase detecting frequency and the high frequency resolution in the frequency synthesizer. The test results show that the synthesizer achieves both high resolution ratio and very low phase noise performance. In the paper, combined with circuit design, simulation, debugging and testing process, the key problems in ADF4156's application are summarized, and the solutions proved viable and effective are given.
0.5-GHz Repetition Rate Fundamentally Tm-Doped Mode-Locked Fiber Laser

We demonstrate a passively mode-locked Tm-doped silica fiber laser with 535-MHz fundamental repetition rate by employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. With in-band pumping at 1590 nm, the stable mode-locked fiber laser produces up to 50 mW at an incident pump power of 558 mW. The laser operating at 1938 nm has a spectral bandwidth of 0.72 nm. After amplification, the laser pulse width is measured to be ~7.9 ps, and the time-bandwidth product is ~0.46.
A Decision-Making Method Based on Weighted Formal Context

The traditional decision methods are always relying on priori knowledge and expert knowledge. Aiming at these shortcomings, we propose a novel decision-making method based on weighted formal context. Firstly, we use weight to evaluate object's importance level and attribute's frequency level. Secondly, we calculate the arithmetic mean value of the object's attribute weight to express corresponding object's average attribute weight, and then obtain the ratio of object's average attribute weight and object weight to express object's comprehensive weight. Finally, on the premise of the numbers of attributes owned times remains the same, the object's comprehensive weight is used to decision other object-attribute relation's changing precedence when an object change. This paper take the teaching task allocation of college teaching management system as an example, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method, and widen the application field of formal context.
An Efficient EAP-Based Pre-Authentication for Inter-WRAN Handover in TV White Space

The IEEE 802.22 standard regulates wireless regional area network (WRAN) operating at the very high frequency and ultrahigh frequency television white space (TVWS) bands. WRAN supports extensible authentication protocol (EAP)-based authentication schemes. However, due to its public key cryptography operations, a full EAP-based authentication scheme is time-consuming, which is unacceptable for the WRAN handover process. In this paper, an efficient EAP-based pre-authentication scheme for inter-WRAN handovers (EPW) in TVWS is proposed. By applying the proposed pre-authentication scheme, the customer premises equipment and the target secondary user base station can accomplish a seamless handover using symmetric key. Through logic derivation by Burrows, Abadi, and Needham logic and formal verification by automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications, we conclude that the proposed EPW scheme can obtain mutual authentication and maintain key secrecy with a high resistance to attack. Additionally, the performance of the EPW scheme has been investigated by simulation experiments. The results show that the EPW scheme provides a lower computation delay than that mandated by the security scheme regulation of the IEEE 802.22 standard.
A wavelet-based edge detection method by scale multiplication

A wavelet-based multiscale edge detection scheme is presented in this paper. By multiplying the wavelet coefficients at two adjacent scales to magnify significant structures and suppress noise, we determined edges as the local maxima directly in the scale product after an efficient thresholding, instead of first forming the edge maps at several scales and then synthesizing them together, as employed in many multiscale techniques. It is shown that the scale multiplication achieves better results than either of the two scales, especially on the localization performance. Experiments on natural images are compared with the Laplacian of Gaussian and Canny edge detection algorithms.
Application of Projection Pursuit Model in residential building comprehensive performance assessment

To assess residential building comprehensive performance involves a number of indices, each index weight is difficult to identify and the result is tend to be interfered by subjective factors. Therefore, the Projection Pursuit Classification Model (PPC) and a Real coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm (RAGA) are presented to convert the multi-dimensional problem to one-dimensional subspace and solve the multi-dimensional global optimization problem. According to the projection value to asses the comprehensive performance of residential building. It is easy to make decision, the result is relatively objective, and the projection values are dispersed. PPC provides a new approach to assess the comprehensive performance of residential building.
Attribute-Based Keyword Search and Data Access Control in Cloud

As more and more data is outsourced to cloud which is assumed to be a semi-trusted server, it is necessary to encrypt the sensitive data stored in the cloud. However, it brings a series of problems, such as: How to search over the encrypted data efficiently and securely? How should a data owner grant search capabilities to the data users? To solve these problems, we propose two attribute-based keyword search and data access control schemes based on public-key searchable encryption and attribute based encryption. Our solutions allow a data owner to control the access policy and grant the search policy to any data user who wants to retrieve the encrypted data efficiently.
Design of multi-edge-type LDPC codes for high-order coded modulation

A design method for bandwidth-efficient LDPC coded modulation for 22m-QAM constellations at rate (2m − 1)/(2m) in complex AWGN is presented. A multi-edge-type parameterization is used to exploit the distinct bit-channel capacities unique to high-order modulation using LDPC structures. EXIT analysis is adapted to multi-edge by introducing multi-dimensional EXIT iterated-function system analysis. Under this conceptualization, a successful decoding condition is developed by estimating fixed points of the dynamical system using its numerical gradient. Optimized ensembles are found for 16-QAM with thresholds matching the best known ensembles of equal complexity. For 64 to 1024-QAM, sufficiently high bit-channel capacities allow for extension of lower-order optimized ensembles, leading a practical nested code structure. The nested structure provides flexible rate selection with a single decoder. The gap to constrained, non-iterative capacity of all optimized code ensembles of maximum variable degree of 15 is within 0.21 dB.
Determination of noise source and impedance for conducted EMI prediction of power converters by lumped circuit models

This paper presents a simple and practical method to determine EMI noise source and impedance of power converters. A lumped circuit modeling approach is proposed for describing the conducted EMI coupling. The information of the models can be analytically deduced from a circuit theoretical viewpoint. An experimental illustration is also given to verify the validity of the proposed method. The procedure for estimating the parameters of the models comprises several measurements and is convenient to implement and shows adequate prediction of EMI feature in power converters.
Anti-Jamming Message-Driven Frequency Hopping—Part I: System Design

This is Part I of a two-part paper that considers anti-jamming system design in wireless networks based on message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH), a highly efficient spread spectrum technique. In this paper, we first analyze the performance of MDFH under hostile jamming. It is observed that while MDFH is robust under strong jamming, it experiences considerable performance losses under disguised jamming from sources that mimic the true signal. To overcome this limitation, we propose an anti-jamming MDFH (AJ-MDFH) system. The main idea is to transmit a secure ID sequence along with the information stream. The ID sequence is generated through a cryptographic algorithm using the shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver, it is then exploited by the receiver for effective signal extraction. It is shown that AJ-MDFH can effectively reduce the performance degradation caused by disguised jamming, and is also robust under strong jamming. In addition, we extend AJ-MDFH to the multi-carrier case, which can increase the system efficiency and jamming resistance significantly through jamming randomization and frequency diversity, and can readily be used as a collision-free multiple access system. Part II of the paper focuses on the capacity analysis of MDFH and AJ-MDFH under disguised jamming.
Conversion of microalgae into acetic acid by hydrothermal reaction

Microalgae for carbon dioxide mitigation was converted into acetic acid by hydrothermal reaction with H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> oxidant. Results showed that the greatest yield of acetic acid was 14.9% based on a carbon base at 300 °C for 80 s with 100% H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> supply. This result should be helpful to facilitate studies for developing a new green and sustainable process in order to produce acetic acid from microalgae, which are the fastest growing sunlight-driven cell factories.