nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new multi-priority grooming scheme of WDM optical networks

In view of the limitations in current researches on traffic grooming for WDM optical networks, a new traffic grooming scheme which supports multi-priority service quality - TDGS is proposed. The scheme combines the preemption and traffic-partition, which can select the suitable traffic grooming path according to the requirements of the traffic flow QoS. Simulation results show the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the blocking probability of the time-delay-constraint the high priority connection requests.
Medical Image Retrieval Using SIFT Feature

In this paper, authors study using SIFT feature for medical image retrieval. Under bag-of-words framework, this paper study different methods forming visual words from local SIFT feature, and show good choice for medical image retrieval, in different condition. Through experimentation on different body parts, rotation and scale, the methods show different performance, thus provide reasonable choice for medical image retrieval. Keywordscontent based image retrieval; SIFT; visual words
Research on parameters of reinforcement learning on multi-agent system

Reinforcement learning(RL) has been applied on the testbed of keepaway, a typical multi-agent system. To get the best performances of RL and figure out what influence the learning speed and the finally results, different values of the important variables had been selected in the emulator. The results intimated the influence of each parameter to the course of learning, and established the base of exploring the better values of parameters. This paper is also good for the researches on the effective solution to the problems of huge state spaces.
PSK communications systems using fully saturated power amplifiers

Quasiconstant envelope phase-shift keying (PSK) is analyzed to assess its ability to overcome nonlinearities caused by fully saturated RF power amplifiers in communications systems. These modulations can achieve bit error rate (BER) performance comparable to linear BPSK in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Quasiconstant envelope offset quadrature PSK (OQPSK) is presented as a design example. At a BER = 10/sup -5/, the SNR degradation caused by fully saturated power amplifiers is 0.1 dB. The simulated BER matches analytically derived results. For a communications system employing the quasiconstant envelope OQPSK and a rate 1/2 convolutional code with K = 7, the demodulation performance is degraded by 0.25 dB at a BER = 10/sup -5/ when a fully saturated power amplifier is employed.
Channel Characterization for Ultra-Wideband Intra-Vehicle Sensor Networks

This paper presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) testbed and its application to characterize channels for intra-vehicle automotive sensor networks. A received pulse width of 300 ps is achieved both in laboratory environment and outdoor over 60 m. Channel characteristics are thoroughly measured for a car. Different settings are investigated, including UWB signal propagation from rear wheels to the engine compartment area, within the engine compartment, and from within the engine compartment to the passenger compartment. The study found: (a) communications between a transceiver at the bottom of the engine compartment and rear wheel speed sensors can be achieved at 330 mega-pulses per second using UWB technology without inter-symbol interference; (b) When the hood is shut, UWB communications within the engine compartment can achieve 476 mega-pulses per second when there is a line-of-sight, or 50 mega pulses per second when there is no line-of-sight; (c) The received signals for UWB communications within the vehicle are very stable, and have negligible fading. Pulses traveled through different paths are distinct in the received signals. This means that the UWB technology has resolved multipath. Therefore, UWB can provide sufficiently high data rate for hundreds of wireless sensors in future automotive vehicles. The negligible fading in the received signals makes it much easier to design transceivers with low cost and low complexity
Construction of multiple-rate quasi-cyclic LDPC codes with girth eight

This paper proposes a new approach to construct quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes of girth 8. The proposed codes are based on a bipartite graph called Moore graph. By decomposing the bit nodes of the bipartite graph, the proposed QC-LDPC codes have variable code lengths and rates. Simulation results show that the proposed QC-LDPC codes have good performance with an iterative decoding over an AWGN channel.
Multiresolution tree structured vector quantization

In some applications of progressive image transmission, the images are viewed at several resolutions with fewer bits at lower resolutions. A multiresolution tree structured vector quantizer is developed to produce an embedded code, so that the quality of the image is optimized for the corresponding resolution at any number of bits. The resolution at which the image is viewed given a particular number of bits is determined by the specific decoder. The multiresolution tree structured vector quantizer presented generates the codebook by greedy tree growing, which is an extension of the generalized BFOS algorithm. The tree is grown one step further by splitting the node which will yield the best ratio of the change in distortion at the corresponding resolution of the current bit rate to the change in rate. The decoder has codewords of all resolutions obtained by optimal centroiding for a given resolution and a given encoder partition. The encoding of an image is essentially the same as the BFOS algorithm and the difference is that instead of having a fixed distortion measure, the distortion measure is defined for the corresponding resolution at a particular bit rate. This algorithm is compared with the generalized BFOS algorithm for image quality at different resolutions.
Bandpass Impedance Transformers With Extremely High Transforming Ratios Using  $\Pi$ -Tapped Feeds

Bandpass impedance transformers (BPIMTs) with extremely high transforming ratios by adopting the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-tapped feeds are realized in this paper. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-tapped feeds composed of two shunt stubs and one-section line performing the impedance transforming function are introduced. To validate the generality of the proposed approach, two different types of bandpass transformers, i.e., type-A and type-B adopting a short-ended parallel coupled-line and a via-inductive coupling as their interstage couplings, respectively, originating from two coupled-resonator filter topologies are designed. The synthesis procedures and design formulas of the two transformer types are provided, and the auxiliary graphs for different impedance transforming ratios are thoroughly investigated. The circuit-level simulated results of the proposed BPIMTs agree well with the theoretical results calculated from the coupling matrix, thus validating the design approach. Specifically, two type-A prototypes with the transforming ratios of 20 (200 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/10 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and 95 (475 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega /5~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), respectively, and one type-B prototype with a transforming ratio of 104 (520 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were demonstrated. The proposed transformer is capable of satisfactorily matching the low and high impedances, and it also possesses the highest impedance transforming ratio ever reported in the literature.
Relationship between the size of SiO2 nano spheres and the structure color

According to the emerging requirement in the nano fabrication field of obtaining the quantitative relationship between the nano structure and the color exhibited, a sphere size-color model has been proposed and proved by experiments in this paper. The photonic crystal structures of SiO2 Nano Spheres with different diameters are fabricated on glass substrate by self-assembly. Simulation is carried out by thin film principle using plane segmentation method, and an equation is fitted to express the relationship between the peak position and the diameter of the nano spheres. The result shows good agreement with that by improved Bragg equation, and matched the experimental results. Thus, the characteristics of its color can be determined by the spectra obtained and the colorimetry principle. Finally, according to the model, the linear relationship between the sphere size and the peak position, namely the color of the sample, has been built.
A novel secure virtual storage device scheme

Confidential data in our computer is always threatened by the risk of internal staff and external hacker. Secure document system may be a best solution to settle this problem and it is always too expensive and too complicated. The Paper researches the framework of current secure file system, and proposes a secure scheme of virtual storage device. Compared to the secure file system, the virtual storage device is less secure but much simpler in usage and less cost. The paper forwards implement of the virtual storage device, especially the key part. Moreover, we have also developed a prototype which could read and write properly with encryption and decryption. According to the result of test, the virtual storage device could get fast I/O speed and rigorous security.
A pilot spectroscopy study on time-varying bioimpedance during electrically-induced muscle contraction

Alterations in the health of muscles can be evaluated through the use of electrical impedance myography (EIM). To date, however, nearly all work has relied upon single-frequency/spectroscopy stepped-sine measurements of static muscle (contracted or relaxed). In this work, we assessed the temporal alterations in the impedance spectrum (1 kHz to 1 MHz) behavior of gastrocnemius during the active process of muscle contraction. The approach is based on the multisine impedance spectroscopy technique. The gastrocnemii of a wild type mouse was measured during electrically-induced muscle contraction via direct current stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The processes of contraction and relaxation were clearly identified in the time-frequency impedance spectrum likely corresponding to an increase muscle fiber diameter. The technique of dynamic multisine EIM has the potential of providing useful insights into contractile mechanisms of muscle in health and disease.
Enabling an OpenCL Compiler for Embedded Multicore DSP Systems

OpenCL is an industry's attempt to unify heterogeneous multicore programming. With its programming model defining SPMD kernels, vector types, and address space qualifiers, OpenCL allows programmers to exploit data parallelism with multicore processors and SIMD instructions as well as data locality with memory hierarchy. Recently, OpenCL has gained success on many architectures, including multicore CPUs, GPUs, vector processors, embedded systems with application-specific processors, and even FPGAs. However, how to support OpenCL for embedded multicore DSP systems remains unaddressed. In this paper, we illustrate our OpenCL support for embedded multicore DSP systems. Our target platform consists of one MPU and a DSP subsystem with multiple DSPs. The DSPs we address are VLIW processors with clustered functional units and distributed register files. To generate efficient code for such DSPs, compilers are required to consider irregular register file access in many optimization phases. To utilize the DSPs with distributed register files, we propose a cluster-aware work-item dispatching scheme to vectorize OpenCL kernels and assign independent workload to clusters of a DSP. In addition, we also incorporate several optimizations to enable efficient DSP code generation. In our experiments, we employ a set of OpenCL benchmark programs to evaluate the effectiveness of our OpenCL support. The experiments are conducted on a DSP cycle-accurate simulator and a multicore evaluation board. We report average 29% performance improvement with our vectorization scheme and a near 2-fold speedup with two DSPs compared with a single-MPU setup.
Identifying Language Origin of Named Entity With Multiple Information Sources

To identify the language origin of a named entity, morphological information associated with its letter spelling, such as letter N-grams, is commonly employed. However, with this information only, named entities with similar spellings but from different language origins are difficult to differentiate. In this paper, a measure of "popularity," in terms of frequency or page count of the named entity in language-specific Web search, is proposed for identifying its language origin. Morphological information, including letter or letter-chunk N-grams, is used to enhance the performance of language identification in conjunction with Web-based page counts. Six languages, including English, German, French, Portuguese, Chinese, and Japanese (Chinese and Japanese named entities are shown in their corresponding phonetic alphabets, i.e., Pinyin and Romaji), are tested. Experiments show that when classifying four Latin languages, including English, German, French, and Portuguese, which are written in Latin alphabets, features from different information sources yield substantial performance improvements in the classification accuracy over a letter 4-gram-based baseline system. The accuracy increases from 75.0% to 86.3%, or a 45.2% relative error reduction.
Particle Swarm Optimization Combined with Chaotic and Gaussian Mutation

Chaotic and Gaussian mutation particle swarm optimization (CGPSO) was proposed to solve the premature and low optimizing precision in standard PSO. In the earlier iterative phase, chaotic mutation was introduced to avoid optimization being trapped into local optimum to enrich the global exploration behavior. In the later iterative phase, Gaussian mutation was incorporated into PSO to fine the solution to improve the local exploitation quality. Simulations show that CGPSO can avoid premature effectively and have the advantages of powerful optimizing ability, more stability, higher optimizing precision and suiting complex function optimization
3D Personalized Face Modeling Based on KINECT2

As a challenging topic in computer graphics and computer vision, 3D face modeling has been applied in various fields including film and animation production, game development as well as medical analysis. In this paper, we mainly aims at face personalized modeling optimization based on KINECT2. The optimization of the scheme proposed is the mesh deformation based on the differential coordinates constrained by face++ feature points and facial muscle function, namely firstly by extracting the location of feature points on the color image and depth map to obtain the feature information of the personalized face, then aligning the intermediate results of the KINECT2 modeling to the feature information. It is good to keep the local grid differential property, at the same time. In this paper, the automatic UV mapping is realized by means of planar differential mesh deformation, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of manual adjustment of UV coordinates in Maya. The experimental results show that the optimization results are more fit in with the individual face.
An improved-performance decoding algorithm of LDPC codes for layered decoding

In order to reduce the bit error rate of low-density parity-check codes for layered decoding algorithm and improve the decoding convergence speed, an improved layered decoding algorithm is proposed. In layered decoding algorithm, updated bit nodes information can be used by check nodes in the iteration process while in dynamic decoding algorithm check nodes update in order according to the reliability. The proposed algorithm combines advantages of the layered and dynamic decoding algorithm. Moreover, compared with the definition of remaining information for check nodes in the dynamic decoding algorithm, a new method to evaluate the reliability is defined in the proposed algorithm. Based on 1/2 code rate China mobile multimedia broadcasting standard, simulation and comparison between the conventional layered decoding algorithm and the proposed layered decoding algorithm have been carried out. The simulation results show that under the same bit error rate, the signal to noise ratio of the improved algorithm reduces nearly 0.4dB as well as convergence speed improves obviously. The proposed layered decoding algorithm reduces the bit error rate and improves the reliability of data in communication system which uses LDPC codes as the channel coding.
Architectures for train condition monitoring network

As the data volume increasing and function expanding, train communication networks are developing from train control networks to multi-function communication networks. This paper compares three typical train network architectures which are applicable for train control and condition monitoring, including Train Monitoring Networks based on Industrial Field Bus, Wired Ethernet and WLAN. The advantages and pitfalls of each architecture are analyzed. In addition, this paper proposes a novel architecture called Hybrid Train Monitoring Network. It integrates advantages of existing networks, and is universal and reconfigurable to kinds of situations.
Feature attribute information converting method in CARIS HPD

CARIS HPD is the most advanced system of navigation marker data maintenance and navigation production. Since 2008, China Maritime Survey Department has brought CARIS HPD hydrographic product database system. So far, the complicated data storage way and table relationship have bothered the progress of navigation marker data conversion and sharing. This paper analyzes the storage ways of attribute common and expected value, beginning with rigorous data organization structure in HPD Source Database. It provides the theory basis for data conversion and sharing.
Finding anisotropic ellipse of turbulence fluctuations from beam intensity correlations

The presence of anisotropic turbulence statistics within the first meter from the ground surface has been known for decades from optical beam propagation experiments. We have carried over a number of measurements of a single lowest-order Gaussian He-Ne laser beam propagating close to the terrain. The experiments took place on the grounds of the University of Miami, FL over a grassy field in a variety of meteorological conditions and at a number of different heights from the ground. The spatial-temporal fluctuations of the intensity of a slightly divergent beam were recorded by a CCD camera and analyzed by the statistical moment calculations. The beam statistics were used for inferring the parameters of turbulent anisotropy, such as the ellipticity and the orientation of the refractive index anisotropy ellipse. Our results indicate that along the sub-kilometer link the two-point intensity correlation function of the beam manifests evident anisotropic features (anisotropic factors and ellipse angle). Our findings are of importance for designing and optimizing optical systems operating in the presence of anisotropic turbulence and can also be used as a simple technique for determining the parameters of anisotropic turbulence.
Fuzzy hybrid control and its applications in complex combustion processes

Fuzzy hybrid control for the complex combustion processes is presented in this paper. The complex combustion process is a class of hybrid systems which contain both continuous and discrete dynamics. Based on hybrid automata theory and the fuzzy control method, a fuzzy hybrid controller with a hierarchical structure is built up. The high level acts the supervisory control, which can be modeled by the finite state automata as a DES. The middle level is a switching interface, which designs the switch strategies and the transfer of the continuous and discrete states. The low level includes some continuous sub-controllers utilizing the fuzzy control, which guarantee the direct control ability. A kind of complex combustion processes-the heating process of the ceramic shuttle kiln is used to be the controlled object, which is modeled by the hybrid automata. The practical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy hybrid control method.
A broadband random metasurface for Radar Cross Section reduction

A broadband random metasurface for Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction is proposed in this paper. The metasurface is composed of double multi-folded loop elements. By adjusting the size of each element, different reflection phases are obtained. Thus the incident plane wave is scattered into arbitrary directions. In order to demonstrate the validity of the design, a random metasurface with a dimension of 480 mm×480 mm is constructed and simulated. For the normal incidence, the backward scattering can be reduced by 10 dB in the range of 7.8-14.1 GHz. The oblique incidence condition with the angle ranging from 10° to 30° is also investigated, in which the 7-dB bistatic RCS reduction can be obtained from 8 GHz to 14 GHz.
A Coding Diffuse Metasurface for RCS Reduction

In this letter, a coding diffuse metasurface for radar cross section (RCS) reduction is designed, simulated, and measured. First, two kinds of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cell are analyzed, and 5 × 5 AMC unit cells construct metamaterials block. A linear array factor is optimized by the ergodic algorithm, and the sequence is expanded from one-dimension code to two-dimension code. Then, the diffuse metasurface is constructed through the metamaterials blocks arrangement. Simulation results show that the bandwidth of RCS reduction is expanded compared to the classical chessboard arrangement. The diffuse characteristic of the metasurface is achieved under normal and oblique incidence wave. Experiment results verify the validity of the theoretical design and simulation. This letter provides a rapid design method to obtain diffuse metasurface, and this metasurface may achieve potential applications on low-scattering vehicle.
Clutter Reduction Based on Apex Shifted Radon Transform in Sub-surface Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar

In this paper a method is proposed to reduce none-apex hyperbola clutter due to target being located at the outside of imaging region and the inside of electromagnetic wave field in forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) measurements. This clutter reduction method is based on apex shifted Radon transform which maps the none-apex hyperbola clutter in radargram to an energy congregate region in the tau-q domain. The none-apex hyperbola clutter is estimated by using a q band-pass filter and the inverse transform. Then the estimated clutter is removed by subtraction method. Finally, remainder surface clutter is reduced by scale and shift. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with an experimental data set, and it increases the signal-to-clutter ratio of near-surface target