nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of solenoid and double pancake windings for a three-phase 26 kVA HTS transformer

We prepared 6 coils from the stainless steel-enforced multifilamentary Bi2223/Ag tapes and studied their electromagnetic behavior for a three-phase 26 kVA (400 V/16 V, 37.5 A/937.5 A) transformer. The primary windings were solenoid coils consisted of 4 helically wound layers, and the secondary windings were consisted of 24 double pancakes connected in parallel with 3 layers, the strand of 6 windings was consisted of two parallel transposed multifilamentary tapes. A numerical analysis has been developed to predict the DC and AC behavior of the coils based on measurements of short samples and tested coils at 77 K. A comparison is made between the experiment and model calculation.
3D face recognition system

Recently, face recognition systems were broadly applied to electronic commerce, fingerprint identification, personal identification and access control system. Methods and theories of identification system are unceasingly improved. Most identification systems have strict restriction in the identification angle of human appearance face. In this study, multiple angles of identification in virtual human appearance face system are provided. The system needs only human appearance face in anterior view, and the appearance can be simulated automatically in different angles. The gray level of light source is utilized to overcome the problem of the single image deficiency of stereographic depth information. In addition, the general statistic methods that distinguish the shape of appearance face in three-dimension are also provided to reduce the percentage of error in image.
The Electromagnetic Analysis and Structural Design of a 1 MJ HTS Magnet for SMES

An HTS magnet was designed and fabricated for the 1 MJ/0.5 MVA SMES. It consists of 44 double pancakes with an inductance of 6.28 H, and the rated operating current is 565 A. In this paper, the electromagnetic analysis and the structural design of the magnet are presented. Because of the strong anisotropy of Bi2223/Ag tape, the field distribution can seriously affect the performances of the magnet. Its magnetic field distribution is analysed by means of finite element method (FEM). Similarly, the critical current (Ic) distribution of each turn in the magnet is also calculated. Based on the analyses and calculations, the structural design of the magnet for 1 MJ/0.5 MVA SMES is finished. In order to obtain a uniform current distribution between co-wound tapes in the same double pancake and among the parallel connected double pancakes, special methods are developed for the structural design.
Output Analysis of a Circular Horn Antenna: Higher Order Modes

An antenna is usually designed to produce a desired radiation far-field pattern in various directions. Horn antennas are widely used in the outputs of high power microwave tubes. We have created a 3-D circular horn antenna model by HFSS and calculated the output properties for the four important modes TE11, TM01, TM02 , and TM03. We can use the HFSS code to find out some important parameters for the horn antenna, include the peak directivity and peak gain
Object-of-interest extraction by integrating stochastic inference with learnt active shape sketch

This article presents a novel integrated approach to object of interest extraction, including learning to define target pattern and extracting by combining detection and segmentation. The learning stage captures both shape sketch and appearance information of target pattern as prior knowledge. The extraction stage utilizes a stochastic Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm under the Bayesian framework. By employing a proposed measurement for the similarity between continuous region boundary and discrete learnt sketch, the shape prior knowledge is embedded into the inference process, playing an important role in segmentation. The experiment shows that our method can perform well for both small and large size objects, even in the occluded case, and outperform the comparable methods.
The Prediction Aggregating Procedure for Multi-models In Small Dataset Learning

In the past few decades, there were quite a few learning algorithms developed to extract knowledge from data. However, none of the single algorithms can be applicable to learn all the datasets with favor results because data patterns may represent linear and non-linear. Accordingly, the idea of aggregating the predictions of multiple learning models to improve the forecasting accuracy of a single method was proposed. Nevertheless, how to improve the accuracy of the aggregated predictions when learning small datasets is the objective of this study. Based on the distributions of the predictive errors of learning models, the proposed method learns the weights of the models and then tries to aggregate more precise predictions with the weights. The experiment results show the forecasting errors of the predictions aggregated by the proposed method are significantly lower than the predictions of single models and the averaged predictions.
Interactive rotoscoping: Extracting and tracking object sketch

In this paper, we discuss an integrated system for video rotoscoping extracting and tracking object sketch (structural shape) across video sequence. This system consists of two key components: object sketch computing and graph-based object tracking. Given a video clip, we first use a primal sketch algorithm to search bottom-up sketch proposals and additively pursue sketch strokes in each frame. User is allowed to edit the sketch in the beginning frame, such as adding strokes and removing the cluttered edges, and the refined sketch is saved as the template. A graph-based tracking method is then proposed for sequentially matching the template to following frames, and the template is kept update by geometric transformation. Once the matching is unsatisfied at one frame, the system is allowed the user interaction for correction. In the experiments, we apply this system on several videos and present the performance evaluation with comparison.
Construction and Performance of HTS Maglev Launch Assist Test Vehicle

Various Maglev launch assist concepts were proposed in the world for the aim to find low-cost, safe, and reliable ways to get to space. Among them, high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnetic levitation platform was considered as a better one for Maglev launch assist because of its inherent stability both in the vertical and lateral directions. As a primary work, a demo HTS Maglev launch assist test vehicle was designed and constructed in our laboratory. The system includes a vehicle body, permanent magnet guideway with the length of 7 m, the acceleration and braking parts. HTS bulks were located in LN2 vessels fixed below the vehicle body. The levitation force larger than 50 kg was provided by the interaction between HTS bulks and NdFeB guideway. The HTS bulk arrangement was optimized by measuring and comparing static and dynamic levitating characteristics of different HTS bulk units on NdFeB guideway. The acceleration part of the system was achieved by the linear motor. The braking was achieved by a set of spring buffer. The experimental investigation was carried out by the system, and some results were presented in the paper
On the design of an adaptive fuzzy gain-scheduled autopilot

An adaptive fuzzy gain-scheduled missile autopilot uses a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system to represent the fuzzy relationship between the scheduling variables and controller parameters is developed. Mach number and angle-of-attack are used as measured, time-varying exogenous scheduling variables involved in the autopilot design. By incorporating scheduling parameter variation information, the adaptation law for controller parameters is derived. Results from extensive simulation studies show that the presented approach offers satisfactory controlled system performance.
Advanced organic light-emitting devices for enhancing display performances

Various advanced organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) for enhancing performances of OLED displays, particularly active-matrix OLED displays, are reviewed in this paper. These include top-emitting OLEDs, inverted OLEDs, high-contrast OLEDs, microcavity OLEDs, and their combinations. How these device structures enhance display performances, such as color saturation, brightness or emission efficiency, contrast, and aperture ratio of pixels, etc., are discussed. The critical technical issues and the status of development associated with each device technology are reviewed.
Research on Stability of  ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Superconducting Magnet for MRI

Magnesium diboride (MgB2) shows a wide application prospect in the field of low field DC application for its relatively simple structure and rather higher critical temperature than LTS. With the development of MgB2 composite superconductor manufacturing technology and cryogenic technology, developing conduction cooled superconducting MRI system with MgB2 composite superconductor is becoming increasingly feasible. An MgB2 superconducting magnet for MRI was developed. The MgB2 superconducting magnet is used to investigate the fundamental scientific problem of the MRI main magnet, including field uniformity and stability, influencing factors of MgB2 composite superconductor on field uniformity and stability. The superconducting magnet consists of 2 solenoids wound with MgB2 wire with the length of 60 m. The magnet has an outer diameter of 169 mm, an iron core diameter of 135 mm, and air gap of 32 mm. The superconducting magnet is fabricated and tested. The central magnetic field reaches 1.0 T when the current of the MgB2 magnet is 290 A. The central magnetic field is 0.39 T when the current of the MgB2 magnet is 100 A. In this paper, the minimum quench energy, the quench propagation velocity and the minimum propagation zone of the MgB2 composite conductor are measured. Main magnet for MRI with MgB2 composite superconductor is analysed and proposed, including magnet design and test results. By theoretical modeling and simulation, the detailed quench propagation of the magnet is further analysed. Finally, the stability criteria of conduction-cooled MRI magnet are established.
Extension of antenna rules for reducing P2ID in 0.13 Cu dual damascene technology

This paper reports the new findings between plasma-charging damage and device surroundings. Antenna design rule has been widely used in semiconductor industry to decrease the plasma charging damage. It is found that even when circuit layout satisfies the antenna design rules, plasma-charging damage may still occur. Macro and micro pattern density are found to have an impact on plasma process induced damage (P2ID) on the device. Macro pattern density is related to the mask transmission ratio, while micro pattern density is related to the conductive structures surrounding the device.
Layered shape matching and registration: Stochastic sampling with hierarchical graph representation

To automatically register foreground target in cluttered images, we present a novel hierarchical graph representation and a stochastic computing strategy in Bayesian framework. The graph representation, which contains point-(image primitives), seedgraph-, and subgraph- three levels, are built up following the primal sketch theory to capture geometric, topological, and spatial information both in local and global scale. We use two types of bottom-up algorithms for searching matching candidates to generate the point-level and seedgraph-level representations respectively. Then, the Swendsen-Wang Cuts and Gibbs sampling methods are performed for global optimal solution to generate the final subgraph-level representation, where a mixture bending function and a set of topological operators are defined for matching measurement. Experiments with comparison are demonstrated on standard dataset with outperforming results. Results show that our method can work well even with clutter noise and complex background.
A Bus-Based Static Volumetric Three-Dimensional Active Matrix Display With a One-Dimensional Connection

This study explores a bus-based static volumetric (SV) three-dimensional (3D) active matrix display (AMD) with a one-dimensional (1D) connection. The 1D connection enabled implementation by reducing the physical structure and electrical connection of the 3D display. In the bus-based display system, each light-emitting diode (LED) is turned on or off according to the frame rate of the video. A prototype design demonstrated a system with a controller chip size of 1.1 mm 0.9 mm manufactured by a 0.35 m CMOS process, an LED chip size of 1.0 mm 1.0 mm, and a four-wire bus of 4.4 mm in width and 1.1 mm in thickness.
Application of evolution strategy in mixed H/sub /spl infin///H/sub 2/ control fro a linear brushless DC motor

A novel design and realization of a robust PID controller for a linear brushless DC motor based working platform is developed and its performance is extensively evaluated. A PID control structure is proposed in which only two design parameters, need to be determined. A multiple design specifications directly related to the mixed H/sub /spl infin///H/sub 2/ control are imposed which directly related to the stability robustness and optimal control on the time and frequency domains. An advanced evolution strategy is developed to solve the constrained multi-objective problem; it is a global search algorithm thus avoids trapping into the local minimum. The new design paradigm offers ways to implement simple but robust solutions that cover a wide range of plant perturbation and provides excellent tracking performance. Simulation studies are performed to verify the performance and applicability of our proposed design. The design is also experimentally verified with a linear brushless motor.
Feature extraction method of mechanical impulse based on nonlinear manifold learning

Feature extraction is of great importance in condition monitoring of machinery. Manifold learning theories brought a new idea for recognizing and predicting the underlying nonlinear behavior. In this paper, in order to extract the key feature of mechanical signal, a principle manifold feature extraction method based on the local tangent space alignment is proposed. Integrated with reconstruction of phase space, the method can extract the manifold feature which provides a more truthful low dimensional representation. During the searching of embedding manifold, integrated with the advantage of the kurtosis and skewness indexes, the selection of local neighborhood parameters is introduced to evaluate the feature. The industrial measurements show that this approach, compared with the wavelet soft-threshold and the orthogonal matching pursuit methods, is more effective to extract the weak periodic features from mechanical signals.
Experimental investigation and electro-thermal-stress modeling of GaAs and LDMOS FET under conductive electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

Investigation on conductive electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects on performance degradation and breakdown of GaAs MESFET and LDMOS FET-based power amplifiers (PA) are performed in this paper. A special measurement system is built, which consists of an adjustable EMP source, one controller, couplers, limiters, attenuators, one four-channel oscilloscope, and DUT. The PAs performance degradation and their breakdown areas are observed and analyzed by using electro-thermal-stress models for the injected EMP with different widths. The thermal and stress results explain the experimental phenomena well and will be very useful for understanding the interaction mechanisms of real radio frequency power applications in a complex electromagnetic environment.
Neural net-based adaptive linear quadratic control

A new indirect adaptive control scheme based on recurrent neural networks is proposed. The certainty equivalence principle is used to combine an adaptive law with a control structure derived from the linear quadratic (LQ) control problem. The proposed approach includes two sets of neural networks each with two feedback connected layers to solve for two types of algebraic matrix Riccati equations. One is for the Kalman filter and the other one is for the LQ controller design. The gradient algorithm is used as an adaptive law for identifying plant parameters and is used as the update rule for neural networks.
Reversible Recursive Instance-Level Object Segmentation

In this work, we propose a novel Reversible Recursive Instance-level Object Segmentation (R2-IOS) framework to address the challenging instance-level object segmentation task. R2-IOS consists of a reversible proposal refinement sub-network that predicts bounding box offsets for refining the object proposal locations, and an instance-level segmentation sub-network that generates the foreground mask of the dominant object instance in each proposal. By being recursive, R2-IOS iteratively optimizes the two subnetworks during joint training, in which the refined object proposals and improved segmentation predictions are alternately fed into each other to progressively increase the network capabilities. By being reversible, the proposal refinement sub-network adaptively determines an optimal number of refinement iterations required for each proposal during both training and testing. Furthermore, to handle multiple overlapped instances within a proposal, an instance-aware denoising autoencoder is introduced into the segmentation sub-network to distinguish the dominant object from other distracting instances. Extensive experiments on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2012 benchmark well demonstrate the superiority of R2-IOS over other state-of-the-art methods. In particular, the APr over 20 classes at 0:5 IoU achieves 66:7%, which significantly outperforms the results of 58:7% by PFN [17] and 46:3% by [22].
Inversely Proportional Carrier Sense Threshold and Transmit Power Setting Towards Green WLANs

This paper proposes a decentralized scheme to improve the energy efficiency (EE) in dense wireless local area networks (WLANs), based on inversely proportional setting (IPS) of carrier sense threshold (CST) and transmit power. Jointly adjusting the CST and transmit power in an inversely proportional manner, i.e., keeping their product to be a constant, is a promising technique to increase transmit opportunities in dense WLANs, without generating unfairness issue of asymmetric carrier sensing. The proposed scheme is formulated in the non-cooperative game framework. Two utility functions are designed, where the first utility function is an approximation of the EE. To guarantee the existence of the equilibrium, and to ensure the convergence of the proposed scheme, we further incorporate potential games, based on which the second utility function is de- signed. The second utility function can be considered as assigning a cost on the first utility function. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides considerable improvement in EE and average throughput under various node densities. The second utility function outperforms the first utility function, while the first one requires only local information to be calculated.
Design of a 380 m DC HTS Power Cable

High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable is an effective power transmission utility with large capacity, high efficiency, and low loss, especially in DC power transmission. This paper describes the design of a 380 m HTS power cable with rated current of 10 kA for an aluminum electrolysis enterprise. The power cable connects the rectifier at a substation at one end with the bus bar of an aluminum electrolysis plant at the other end at Henan Zhongfu Industrial Co. LTD. The power cable will be energized in late of 2010. The design of the cable conductor, cryogenic envelope, termination, refrigeration, and online monitoring system of the 380 m HTS power cable are discussed in this paper.
GaN-Based Miniaturized Cyan Light-Emitting Diodes on a Patterned Sapphire Substrate With Improved Fiber Coupling for Very High-Speed Plastic Optical Fiber Communication

We demonstrate the performance of a novel cyan light-emitting diode (LED) on a patterned sapphire (PS) substrate as a light source for plastic optical fiber (POF) communications with the central wavelength at 500 nm. To further enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and output power of this miniaturized high-speed LED, a LED with a PS substrate is adopted. Furthermore, by greatly reducing the number of active <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{In}_{\rm x}\hbox{Ga}_{1 - {\rm x}}\hbox{N/GaN}$</tex></formula> multiple quantum wells (MQWs) to four and minimizing the device active area, we can achieve a record-high electrical-to-optical (E–O) bandwidth (as high as 400 MHz) among all the reported high-speed visible LEDs under a very small dc bias current (40 mA). The fiber coupling efficiency has been improved in 4 dB using lens with a 500-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu \hbox{m}$</tex></formula> diameter mounted on the LED chip. Thus, the maximum fiber-coupled power was <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula>2.67 dBm at the bias current of 40 mA. The 1.07-Gb/s data transmissions over a 50-m SI-POF fiber have been successfully demonstrated using this device at the bias current of 40 mA.
Sliding mode path tracking control for fish-robot under ocean current perturbation

Nonlinear equations of motion for fish-robot have been derived based on three basic motion behaviors, swimming, orientating, and driving. By incorporating the fish-tail mechanism, 2-DOF barycenter mechanism, and autonomous underwater vehicle-like dynamics model, the fish robot motion and maneuverability are considered in north-east-down frame. A sliding mode controller for swimming, orientating, and tracking control of a fish robot in three-dimensional motion is designed. Simulation results demonstrate excellent maneuverability and tracking performance of the fish-robot in three-dimensional swimming, which shows effectiveness of the controller against modeling uncertainty and ocean's current turbulence.
Fuel-efficient driving strategies for highway vehicles

Transportation division plays an important role of emission of carbon dioxide. Improvement of fuel efficiency is a direct and valid approach for solving the above-mentioned problem. For decreasing the fuel consumption of vehicles moving on highway, the proper driving strategies are essential. In this paper, an optimization method for vehicle fuel-efficient driving strategies on highway is proposed. We deal properly with the decision-making of driving strategies as the combination problem and use the MAX-MIN ant system to optimize the vehicle speed and acceleration commands. The ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator) software is used to calculate the vehicle dynamics.