nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel preamplifier for MEMS microphone

MEMS microphone is used in various mobile devices, notebook applications, and hearing aids. This paper analyzes the electric model of the MEMS microphone elaborately and presents a preamplifier for MEMS Microphone. The preamplifier is realized in 0.18µm CMOS HV technology which provides high bias voltage, impedance match and weak signal preamplifying with an area of 1050µm*900µm. The post-layout simulation results show that it can operate under 1.5V∼3.6V with 56µVRMS equivalent input noise.
An ISFET based sensing array with sensor offset compensation and pH sensitivity enhancement

In this paper, a novel chemical sensor system utilizing an Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) for pH measurement is presented. Compared to other interface circuits, this system uses auto-zero amplifiers with a pingpong control scheme and array of Programmable-Gate Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (PG-ISFET). By feedback controlling the programable gates of ISFETs, the intrinsic sensor offset can be compensated for uniformly. Furthermore the chemical signal sensitivity can be enhanced due to the feedback system on the sensing node. A pingpong structure and operation protocol has been developed to realize the circuit, reducing the error and achieve continuous measurement. This system has been designed and fabricated in AMS 0.35µm, to compensate for a threshold voltage variation of ±5V and enhance the pH sensitivity to 100mV/pH.
A gate drive circuit with mid-level voltage for GaN transistors in a 7-MHz isolated resonant converter

This paper analyzes the drive requirements of Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors as the control FETs in the resonant converters in the range of multi-megahertz. In resonant converters with multi-MHz, ZVS technique is normally used to reduce the high frequency switching loss. The commercial gate drivers for the GaN transistors focus on high reliability to the precise gate drive voltage against the parasitic components. But they do not consider the high reverse conduct voltage of the GaN transistors as the control FETs under ZVS at high frequency. To reduce the high reverse conduction loss of the GaN power transistors due to the reverse conduction mechanism before ZVS turn-on, in the meanwhile, ensure the high stability and reliability, a new driving scheme with the mid-level voltage is proposed. In addition, the proposed drive circuit is applied to an isolated resonant DC-DC converter with 7 MHz. The prototype of 18 V input and 5 V/ 2 A output was built to verify the functionality and the benefits.
Device-to-device interference avoidance underlaying cellular downlink transmission

Device-to-Device communication (D2D) is a proximity based technique in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) systems. This technique can improve system throughput, but also may cause heavy intra-cell interference. In downlink transmission, the Base Station (BS) severely interferes with D2D pairs while D2D pairs reusing resources of cellular users. Therefore, D2D transmitters have to raise their power to achieve an acceptable threshold of Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). However, interference from D2D pairs to cellular users becomes more serious due to this raising. We model this spectrum sharing into an interference-bounded resource allocation problem, and propose a heuristic scheme to efficiently solve the problem. The simulation results show that throughput of the proposed scheme is close to the optimal's, and the interference between CUEs and D2D pairs as well as between D2D pairs can be controlled in a given threshold.
Dynamic Performance Improvement of Diode–capacitor-Based High Step-up DC–DC Converter Through Right-Half-Plane Zero Elimination

Diode–capacitor-based dc–dc converters provide a simple and low cost solution for high step-up voltage regulation in solar and fuel cell generation. Transient modeling analysis reveals their worse influence of nonlinear and nonminimum-phase system characteristic due to right-half-plane (RHP) zero, especially in high voltage gain application. However, the process of energy transfer for diode–capacitor-based dc–dc converter is different from basic dc–dc converter. Based on the unique feature, this paper proposes an improved main circuit structure with parallel connection of resistive–capacitive damping network across the intermediate capacitor to achieve good dynamic performance. By optimal parameter design according to Routh–Hurtwitz criterion, all the RHP zeros in the transfer function of control-to-output voltage are eliminated completely. Then, by the case of diode–capacitor-based boost converter, the adaptive PI controller is designed to deal with nonlinear characteristic of voltage gain. It gets good dynamic performance under wide range output voltage. All the theoretical findings and design approaches are verified by simulation and experiment results. The existing diode–capacitor-based high step-up dc–dc converters with slight main circuit modification are more promising in renewable energy application.
A method of upscaling ground measurements of Leaf Area Index based on Taylor Series expansion Model

The ground measurements of Leaf Area Index (LAI) are usually used to validate the LAI estimated using remote sensing observations. The main problem encountered in the validation is the scale mismatch between the sampling area of ground measurements and coarse-resolution image pixel, especially when those sampling area are not ideal homogenous. This study introduced a new approach of upscaling ground measurements to the coarse-resolution scale for the validation of LAI estimations. This upscaling method was based on the Taylor Series expansion Model (TSM). The high-resolution images were used to provide auxiliary information at the sub-pixel scale of coarse-resolution image pixel. The possible error associated with this method is derived from the neglection of the third- and higher-order TSM terms and the uncertainty of the empirical model. The upscaled ground measurements with upscaling error smaller than half of eigenaccuracy could be used for validation of LAI estimations with coarse resolution.
Compare Study of Different Modified PVDF Membrane-Immobilized Pd/Fe Nanoparticles for Dechlorination of Monochloroacetic Acid

In this paper, three kinds of modified PVDF membrane-immobilized Pd/Fe nanoparticles were prepared and characterized respectively, the modified PVDF membranes were used to dechlorinate monochloroacetic acid, the morphology of modified membranes by scanning electron microscope (SEM) was characterized. Through compare research, we found that the distribution of Pd/Fe nanoparticles was best and the dechlorination effect of monochloracetic acid was highest in hydrophilizied PVDF membrane.
A novel channel phase bias estimation method for spaceborne along-track multi-channel HRWS SAR in time-domain

Multi-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in azimuth, which can be utilized to suppress the Doppler ambiguity to achieve the High-Resolution Wide-Swath (HRWS) SAR images, suffers from the amplitude and phase mismatch among the channels. This paper presents a novel data-based phase bias estimation method in time-domain. Firstly, the echoes in time-domain received by the adjacent channels are processed to get interferometric phases, which consist of the Doppler centroid information and the difference of the phase biases between the adjacent channels. Then, the Doppler centroid can be extracted by circular integral of the adjacent interferometric phases. Finally, the phase bias between each channel and the reference one can be obtained by integral of the interferometric phase subtracted by the phase of the Doppler centroid. Using the presented method, both the phase bias and the Doppler centroid of the raw echoes can be effectively estimated. The performance of presented method is validated by the experiments of simulated spaceborne multi-channel SAR data.
Analysis on feedback interconnections of cascaded DC-DC converter systems

Stability analysis of cascaded DC-DC converters systems is one of fundamental issues crucial to real-world power supplies applications. Existing techniques for stability analysis of cascaded converters systems are mainly based on Thevenin or Norton equivalents of two-port networks of sub-converters in which impedance-based stability criteria can be applied. In this work, further transformations of Thevenin or Norton equivalents to feedback interconnections of two general classes, i.e. heterogeneous and homogeneous cascaded converter systems are presented to facilitate simpler stability evaluation via the small gain theorem. Qualitative analysis on feedback interconnections is then conducted to reveal the differences in using the impedance-based stability criteria of cascaded converter systems. Finally, a laboratory prototype of heterogeneous cascaded DC-DC converter system is built to verify the analysis.
A direct duty cycle calculation algorithm for digital power factor correction (PFC) implementation

A new PFC control method based on direct duty cycle calculation is proposed. The duty cycle required to achieve unity power factor is calculated directly based on the reference current and sensed inductor current, input voltage and output voltage. For both digital and analog implementation, the proposed PFC control method is simpler than commonly used average current mode control. Test results for a digital implementation show that the proposed method can achieve unity power factor under both steady and transient state. Sinusoidal input current can be achieved under nonsinusoidal input voltage condition. The proposed digital PFC control method can achieve good dynamic performance for load and input voltage change.
Based on the Database of the Hand Drawn Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

Since more and more motion data are created, the reuse of motion data becomes increasingly important. We present a method to reconstruct a 3D figure animation based on 2D user-defined motion on our motion database. First, a novel interactive interface for defining the input query is presented. Users can draw a series of stick figure of 2D human motion through it. These actions have a certain mount of key points. Second, we use our search algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Graphics Processing Unit(GPU) to find appropriate database frames. Then, we use these frames to reconstruct 3D frames. Our system can produce the primary animation for additional refinement.
A new driving method for synchronous rectifiers of LLC resonant converter with zero-crossing noise filter

A new driving method for SR is presented. By applying a zero-crossing noise filter to the MOSFET, the false-triggering of the SR can be effectively eliminated. Moreover, the resistor and the capacitor in the filter can be used as a compensator to solve the duty cycle loss issue caused by the trace inductance of the MOSFET package. Only three passive components are needed in the proposed filter which makes it reliable and easy to implement. Simulation and experimental results show that the zero-crossing noise filter can significantly improve the reliability as well as the efficiency of the power circuit. A prototype of 400V to 12V 600W half bridge LLC resonant converter is built to verify the advantages of the new zero crossing noise filter.
A new robust algorithm to improve the dynamic performance on the speed control of induction motor drive

A nonlinear auto-disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) has been developed to ensure high dynamic performance of induction motors in this paper. By using the extended state observer (ESO), ADRC can accurately estimate the derivative signals and precise decoupling of induction motors is achieved. In addition, the proposed strategy realizes the disturbance compensation without accurate knowledge of induction motor parameters. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller ensures good robustness and adaptability under modeling uncertainty and external disturbance. It is concluded that the proposed topology produces better dynamic performance, such as small overshoot and fast transient time, than the conventional proportional/integral/derivative (PID) controller in its overall operating conditions.
Collaborative fuzzy clustering method for large scale interval data

Interval data is often met with in the real world. Fuzzy c-means for interval dataset (IFCM), an effective tool for clustering small or moderate scale interval dataset, can not deal with large scale interval dataset. This paper presents a new clustering method for this problem. The new method introduces collaborative mechanism into the IFCM to raise the efficiency. In other words, this method implements the clustering of large scale interval data by the divide-and-conquer strategy first, and then by collaboratively making use of the clustering results obtained from all the divided moderate scale datasets by IFCM algorithm. Two experiments given in this paper show the effectiveness of the new method. This new method not only gives the same clustering result as IFCM but also costs less time. Therefore, it provides a new approach for dealing with clustering problem of large-scale interval dataset.
Adhesion force measurement of electrical insulating materials by atomic force microscopy

For long-term operating outdoor insulation, contamination accumulation has become an increasingly serious problem. In this paper, atomic force microscopy was used to measure the adhesion force of glass, silicon rubber, porcelain, stalinite samples. Test results showed that adhesion force of silicon rubber was the largest, approximately larger than the other three samples by one or two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, silicon rubber surface exhibited a long-range attractive force and multiple points contact, probably due to the electrostatic interaction and surface roughness. It might be a theoretical proof which accounts for the different contamination accumulation between composite insulator and porcelain or glass insulator.
A new robust control to improve the dynamic performance of induction motors

A nonlinear auto-disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) has been developed to ensure high dynamic performance in this paper. By using the extended state observer (ESO), ADRC can estimate accurately the derivative signals and accurate decoupling of induction motor is achieved too. In addition, the proposed strategy doesn't require knowledge of induction motor parameters. The simulation and experiment results show that the controller operates quite robustly under modeling uncertainty and external disturbance, and it is concluded that the proposed topology produces better dynamic performance such as small overshoot and fast transient time in the speed control than classical PID controller.
A zero voltage switching and self-reset forward converter topology

A zero voltage switching (ZVS) forward converter topology is presented in this paper. In this topology, an auxiliary circuit is employed. ZVS is achieved on both the main and auxiliary switches. The power transformer in the proposed topology is self-reset without the use of a conventional tertiary reset winding. Analysis and design of the circuit are presented. Experiments on a 5 V, 100 W prototype converter switched at a frequency of 200 kHz verify the design and show an overall efficiency of about 90%.
A novel dual-channel isolated resonant gate driver to achieve gate drive loss reduction for ZVS full-bridge converters

A dual-channel resonant gate driver (RGD) is proposed in this paper. The proposed drive circuit is able to provide two isolated complemental drive signals for two power MOSFETs in a bridge leg. The inductor and the input capacitance of the MOSFET form a series resonant circuit, which enables to charge or discharge the input capacitance of the MOSFET without any electric power consumption in theoretically. The proposed RGD can be used to drive any bridge-leg structure in different isolated topologies such as full-bridge (FB) converters, three-phase inverters and multilevel converters etc. Analysis demonstrates the power loss reduction achieved by the proposed RGD. A 270 VDC input, 48 V/ 20 A output and 500 kHz phase-shift ZVS FB converter with the proposed RGD was built to verify the advantages.
A multi-object black hole gravitational search algorithm for day-ahead reactive optimization in distribution network

Heuristic search algorithms, based on their advantages in multi-objective and multi-dimensions optimization, have been widely utilized in reactive power optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic search algorithm, named black hole gravitational search algorithm (BHGSA), which is combined black hole algorithm (BHA) with gravitational search algorithm (GSA), to solve day-ahead reactive power optimization problem in distribution network. The simulation result to solve the day-ahead reactive power optimization problem of IEEE 33-bus distribution network system with wind generators and photovoltaic generator using BHGSA is provided. By compared with traditional gravitational search algorithm, it presents advantages in global searching ability and avoiding early convergence.
A Feature Selection Algorithm to Intrusion Detection Based on Cloud Model and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization

there exist many problems in intrusion detection system such as large number of data volume and features, data redundancy and so on, which seriously affected the efficiency of the assessment. In this paper, we propose an approach called EFSA-CP to intrusion detection based on Cloud model and improved multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization. The algorithm evaluates the characteristics of the attribute weights by the Cloud model and generates the optimal feature subsets which achieve the best trade-off between detection rate and rate of false alarm by MOPSO, which solves the problem of feature redundancy and helps improve the speed of the evaluation. Experimental results show that EFSA-CP can solve the feature selection problem of intrusion detection effectively. It can also achieve balanced detection performance on different types of attacks, with better convergence at the same time.
A Fully Integrated SiGe BiCMOS Power Amplifier for 2.4GHz Wireless-LAN Application

A 2.4GHz power amplifier (PA) for Wireless-LAN application is designed and implemented in 0.18µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Without any off-chip component or band wire for matching, the proposed power amplifier is fully integrated, which has a two-stage structure with temperature-insensitive biasing circuit to improve the linearity with almost no increase in die area. S parameter simulation results show that input impedance matching S11 and output impedance matching S22 is less than -13dB and -20dB respectively. The power amplifier has a power gain of 27.3dB, output 1dB compression point of 23.2dBm, and a power added efficiency(PAE) of 21.3%.The area of the die is 1148×1140µm2 with all elements integrated on a single chip.
An Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Social Awareness in DTNs

This paper presents an improved routing algorithm based on the social link awareness. In this algorithm, multiple social features of the nodes' behaviors are utilized to quantify the nodes pairs' social links. The social links of the nodes pairs are computed based on their encounter history. These social links can be used to construct the friendship communities of the nodes. The intra-community and inter-community forwarding mechanisms are implemented to raise the successful delivery ratio with low overhead and decrease the transmission delay. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm shortens the routing delay and the overhead, and increases the successful delivery ratio, thereby improving the routing efficiency.
Convergence of online gradient methods for Pi-Sigma neural network with a penalty term

Pi-Sigma network is a class of feed-forward neural networks with product units in the output layer. An online gradient method with penalty which is proportional to the norm of the weights is presented and the convergence results are discussed for a Pi-Sigma neural network. The weights are proved to be bounded in the training process, thus the conditions that are required for convergence of online gradient method in literature are simplified.
A new resonant gate drive circuit for synchronous buck converter

The paper proposed a resonant gate drive circuit for buck converter with synchronous rectifier. The circuit can recover more than 50% of the conventional gate drive loss. It charges and discharges the gate of MOSFET at constant current. It can also reduce the switching loss significantly. Other advantages of the proposed circuit include better noise immunity for dv/dt turn on, less sensitive to track inductance. The experimental prototype shows that the loss reduction is 10% of the output power at 1MHz
Dynamic analysis of nonlinear elasticity beam using DQ semi-analytical method

This paper presents a new semi-analytical approach for the nonlinear vibration analysis of nonlinear elasticity beam. The time domain response and frequency response of a nonlinear elasticity beam's free vibration will be obtained, Considering the efforts of the static deformation on the dynamic characteristics. The method makes use of Linz Ted-Poincaré perturbation technique to transform the nonlinear governing equations into a linear differential equation system, whose solutions are then sought through the use of differential quadrature approximation in space domain and an analytical series expansion in time domain. Validation of present method is conducted in numerical examples through direct comparisons with existing solution, showing that the proposed semi-analytical method has excellent convergence and can give very accurate results at a long time interval. This method successfully avoids the accumulation of errors and has good precision. which makes it possible to the solution of the nonlinear dynamic problems.
A novel method of top-level EMC design technology for large and complex electronic information systems

This paper presents a novel method of top-level EMC (EMC) design technology for large and complex electronic information systems, such as aircraft. A Numerical Airplane Model (NAM) with EMC effects and Performance Simulation Models (PSM) of electronic-equipments are made. In order to ensure the NAM and PSM correct, the following information should be concerned: the structure of airplane and equipments, the relative locations of equipments, the specification and operation-principles of the electronic-equipments, and the inputs and outputs of the electronic-equipments, etc. The electromagnetic interference matrix (EIM) are build by a novel method, called "field-circuit hybrid method - ECHM". The EIM is the function of bandwidth, sensitivity, polarization, signal characteristics, non-linear of front-and-end, receiver-antenna, radiation power, characteristics off-bandwidth, harmonious, intermodulation, transmitter antenna, location, and attenuation of cables, etc. Based on the ECHM and EIM and EMI/EMS performance, the safety and EMC performance of plane can be predicated. The top-level EMC specification can be set down. The top-level EMC specification can be disassembled to the sub-systems and equipments. The whole-plane EMC can be evaluated and controlled quantificationally. The methods presented in the paper have been applied to 3 kinds of planes. The validity of the above method has be proved.