nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The precise monitoring of Beijing thermal behaviour

This paper uses the temperature product of Modis by the Terra satellite. Isograms, anomaly value and indirect method are applied to analyze the daily variation, seasonal variation and annual variation of Beijing heat field. The results show that isograms are tidier in the evening compared with the day. And the temperature gradient is diminishing from the city center to the edge of urban areas. The heat island effect is the strongest during the day in the summer of all seasons during the day and night. The heat island in the evening of the four seasons is as obvious as the day in the spring and fall. The increasing temperature, the enhancing intensity and the expanding area of the heat island are the current situation of Beijing which are the result of the multiplying of the population. Because of the limited data, further studies are needed to study the seasonal variation and annual variation of Beijing.
SecDCP: Secure dynamic cache partitioning for efficient timing channel protection

In today's multicore processors, the last-level cache is often shared by multiple concurrently running processes to make efficient use of hardware resources. However, previous studies have shown that a shared cache is vulnerable to timing channel attacks that leak confidential information from one process to another. Static cache partitioning can eliminate the cache timing channels but incurs significant performance overhead. In this paper, we propose Secure Dynamic Cache Partitioning (SecDCP), a partitioning technique that defeats cache timing channel attacks. The SecDCP scheme changes the size of cache partitions at run time for better performance while preventing insecure information leakage between processes. For cache-sensitive multiprogram workloads, our experimental results show that SecDCP improves performance by up to 43% and by an average of 12.5% over static cache partitioning.
Automatic body localization and brain ventricle segmentation in 3D high frequency ultrasound images of mouse embryos

This paper presents a fully automatic segmentation system for whole-body high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) images of mouse embryos that can simultaneously segment the body contour and the brain ventricles (BVs). Our system first locates a region of interest (ROI), which covers the interior of the uterus, by sub-surface analysis. Then, it segments the ROI into BVs, the body, the amniotic fluid, and the uterine wall, using nested graph cut. Simultaneously multilevel thresholding is applied to the whole-body image to propose candidate BV components. These candidates are further truncated by the embryo mask (body+BVs) to refine the BV candidates. Finally, subsets of all candidate BVs are compared with pre-trained spring models describing valid BV structures, to identify true BV components. The system can segment the body accurately in most cases based on visual inspection, and achieves average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.8924 ± 0.043 for the BVs on 36 HFU image volumes.
An efficient haze removal algorithm using chromatic properties

Fog degrades the quality of road images causing errors in stereo matching and road segmentation for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Accident rates can be reduced if robust and efficient algorithms are applied for road image fog removal. Many studies have been conducted on this subject to date, but existing methods are not optimized for road images. Several daytime models cause local darkness, and blurring artifacts result in low quality haze-free images, and nighttime models are altogether inefficient. This study focuses on dehazing daytime and nighttime images by utilizing chromatic properties to remove haze from images. The proposed method treats fog as a specular pixels of dual consistency and physical properties, and the dehazing reflection model is suitable for parallel implementation to efficiently detect fog pixels. An edge-preserving low-pass filter (a fast-bilateral filter running 230x faster than an average CPU) is used to smooth the color components' original image maximum fraction to remove noise among fog pixels. The method significantly outperforms existing baselines in regards to both efficiency and dehazing.
Pair-wise event detection using cubic features and sequence discriminant learning

Event detection in crowded surveillance videos is a challenging yet important problem. This paper focuses on pair-wise events that involve the interaction of two persons (e.g., people embrace, meet or split) in crowded videos. To detect such an event accurately, we should build an effective representation model that can characterize the sequential properties of two persons' interaction. Towards this end, we propose a novel pair-wise event detection approach using cubic features and sequence discriminant learning. A video sequence is first partitioned into several spatio-temporal cubes, and multiple features (e.g., statistics of trajectories, bag of spatio-temporal interest points) are extracted on these cubes and then fused to form a cubic feature descriptor under multiple kernel learning (MKL) framework. After that, the SVM with dynamic time alignment kernel is used to infer the existence of an event in the video sequence. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the encouraging performance on TRECVid SED dataset.
Constrained video object segmentation by color masks and MPEG-7 descriptors

We present an automatic and computationally conservative boundary extraction method using available priori information in a framework consists of change detection mask, region growing, and trajectory motion. Instead of segmenting a entire video frame, only the regions belong to a target object specified by a set of rules are detected. One example of such rules is skin color features of a human body part. The processing domain is limited to the pixels that satisfy color or geometric rules. These rules are represented as a detection mask and implemented as a look-up table. As a result, significant computational reduction and real-time performance are achieved. The framework utilizes color consistency within a centroid-linkage growing technique to grow initial regions. Region seeds are selected among the pixels in the detection mask. The similarity thresholds are adapted from the MPEG-7 dominant color descriptors. The segmentation results of a frame diffused to the next frame and region statistics such as trajectory, percentage of the changed pixels, etc., are registered to determine the moving regions. A computational load comparison of the constrained region growing and regular region growing shows significant reduction in the complexity.
Characterization of a Novel Biopolymer by FT-IR Spectroscopy and its Use for Cobalt Removal

In the present study we reported the feasibility of extra cellular biopolymer( PFC02) produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes as an alternative biosorbent to remove Co(II) metallic ions from environmental and industrial wastewater. The effects such as pH, dosage of biosorbent, Co(II) initial concentration and sorbate–sorbent contact time and agitating speed on the adsorption capacities of PFC02 were studied. Biosorption equilibriums were rapidly established in about 60 min and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The maximum Co(II) adsorption capacity determined from Langmuir isotherm were 83.55 mg/g PFC02 at pH 5.0. The carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups of the PFC02 were involved in chemical interaction with the Co(II) ions depicted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) results. The study points to the potential of new use of extra cellular biopolymer PFC02 as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Co (II) and from environmental and industrial wastewater.
Development of a high-resolution quartz resonator force and weight sensor with increased reliability

Test-analyze-and-redesign method is employed to develop a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) force and weight sensor with increased reliability for batch production. The sensor, which mainly consists of a QCR and a metal diaphragm structure, has the advantages of high resolution, digital output, and low cost. The failure mechanism of the single-diaphragm QCR sensor has been uncovered by experiments aiming at providing insight into the failure factors. In order to eliminate the failure stress and improve reliability, the sensor has been redesigned based on failure analysis results by designing a double-diaphragm structure. Life testing experiments for validating the effect of the corrective action show that reliability has been improved five times, and after redesign, the reliability satisfies the requirement of practical use. Accelerated life testing is performed to find acceleration factors and development stresses for batch production.
An improved approach for alternative wires identification

Redundancy addition and removal (RAR) is a restructuring technique used in the synthesis and optimization of logic designs and physical designs. It finds alternative wires to replace a given target wire without changing the functionality of the circuit. Previous approaches apply two-stage algorithms for this problem. First, they build up a set of candidate wires for the target wire. Second, they perform redundancy test on each candidate wire to determine if it is an alternative wire. Recently, a one-stage algorithm RAM-FIRE (Chang et al., 2003) is proposed. It conducts three logic implications to identify backward alternative wires without trial-and-error redundancy tests. However, the number of alternative wires it can find is smaller than that obtained by the previous two-stage approaches. Here, we propose an improved one-stage algorithm, which only conducts two logic implications. The experimental results show that compared to RAMFIRE, our approach only requires 83% cpu time on average, while obtaining the same number of backward alternative wires. As extending to finding both backward and forward alternative wires, on average our approach gets 157% improvement with 32% cpu time overhead.
Monolithic integration of multiple sensors on a single silicon chip

We present a monolithic integration of multiple sensors that have various structures and different packages. The multi sensors include an electrical field sensor (EFS) and accelerometers in a vacuum package and pressure, humidity, temperature sensors with direct contact with environment. To conduct the electrical signals from the vacuum package, three-dimensional (3-D) integration is implemented with a silicon interposer with through-silicon-vias (TSVs). The configuration of the multi sensor system, the co-design and co-fabrication, and packaging schemes are presented.
The flexible package and applications of ultra-thin sensor chip

In this paper, we intend to fabricate an ultra-thin silicon stress sensor chip which contains a CMOS stress sensor array with 256 cells and two decoder circuits on flexible substrate with flexible packaging technology. The stress sensor chip is fabricated in UMC 0.18μm, and each cell (55μm × 55μm) in the sensor array can measure both the in-plane shear stress and the difference of in-plane normal stresses at the same point simultaneously. Firstly, individual chips are thinned in chip scale to around 35μm. To protect chips from micro cracks formed in the thinning process after temporarily bonding the diced chips on a 100mm carrier wafer, two methods have been provided. Then, the stress sensor chip is transferred to a plastic polyimide film. After that, we use wire bonding process to achieve electrical connection and flexible package. We have successfully achieved wire-bonding for ultra-thin chips on flexible substrate and concluded suitable wire bonding features like bonding force, bonding time and ultrasonic. To enhance the signal-noise ratio (SNR) and linearity of the sensor, a proper current bias about 30μA is applied to settle the sensor to work in the saturation region. Stable and high linearity output signals can be obtained. To verify the function of the ultra-thin stress sensor chip, pulse measurement has already been conducted.
A Three-Domain Fuzzy Wavelet System for Simultaneous Processing of Time-Frequency Information and Fuzziness

Traditional wavelet system is a two-domain (time and frequency domains) wavelet system (2DWS), which works only in time and frequency domains. The 2DWS is not able to treat time-frequency information and fuzziness simultaneously. For this reason, a three-domain (fuzzy, time, and frequency domains) fuzzy wavelet system (3DFWS) is proposed, where the three-domain mechanism provides a solution to handle fuzzy uncertainties and time-frequency information together. The major advantage of 3DFWS is able to use the prior knowledge via the novel fuzzy domain to analyze uncertain data and signals, which will enhance the potentials of 2DWS. Experimental and simulation studies show that the performance of the proposed 3DFWS is superior to the traditional one for simultaneous processing of time-frequency and fuzziness.
Optimum structural design of lightweight silicon carbide mirror in Cassegrain system

Major efforts in space optics have inspired research in high performance, low cost, very lightweight reflective telescope systems in which Cassegrain system is widely used. Silicon carbide which has unique combination of attributes is used as the primary mirror material in this paper. According to the design requirement and processing technique of the mirror, and analyzing the effect of the sector, the triangle and the hexagon cell structures on the static and dynamic properties of the mirror, the triangle cell structure which has the best combination property is selected as the original scheme. Finite element method is used to build the parameterization model for the optimum structural design. The structure parameters such as thickness of the mirror and the faceplate which have more effect on the mass of the mirror and the maximum deformation of the mirror surface are selected as the design variables. After the optimization, a 256 mm diameter mirror with 24.5 mm thickness and 1.22 kg weight is gained. The lightweight ratio of the mirror is about 52.5 %, and the wavefront error (WFE) is satisfactory with the design requirements
An improved LEACH protocol with determined number and fair distribution of cluster heads

The energy consumption is always an important topic for research on routing protocols of wireless sensor network. In traditional LEACH the number of cluster heads is random and it is not conducive to energy conservation. On the basis of analyzing traditional and improved LEACH routing protocol, a determined number of cluster heads selection mechanism is proposed and the problem of uneven cluster heads distribution is solved. The improved algorithm was simulated in NS2. The results of simulation show that the improved algorithm can reduce network energy consumption and prolong network lifetime.
Object-based transcoding for adaptable video content delivery

This paper introduces a new framework for video content delivery that is based on the transcoding of multiple video objects. Generally speaking, transcoding can be defined as the manipulation or conversion of data into another more desirable format. We consider manipulations of object-based video content, and more specifically, from one set of bit streams to another. Given the object-based framework, we present a set of new algorithms that are responsible for manipulating the original set of video bit streams. Depending on the particular strategy that is adopted, the transcoder attempts to satisfy network conditions or user requirements in various ways. One of the main contributions of this paper is to discuss the degrees of freedom within an object-based transcoder and demonstrate the flexibility that it has in adapting the content. Two approaches are considered: a dynamic programming approach and an approach that is based on available meta-data. Simulations with these two approaches provide insight regarding the bit allocation among objects and illustrates the tradeoffs that can be made in adapting the content. When certain meta-data about the content is available, we show that bit allocation can be significantly improved, key objects can be identified, and varying the temporal resolution of objects can be considered.
Pattern generation for Mutation Analysis using Genetic Algorithms

Mutation Analysis (MA) is a fault-based simulation technique that is used to measure the quality of testbenches for mutant detections where mutants are simple syntactical changes in the designs. A mutant is said living if its error effect cannot be observed at the primary outputs. Previous works mainly focused on the cost reduction in the process of MA, because the MA is a computation intensive process in the commercial tool. For the living mutants, to the best of our knowledge, the commercial tool has not addressed the pattern generation issue yet. Thus, this paper presents a Genetic Algorithm to generate patterns for detecting living mutants such that the quality of the verification environment is improved. The experimental results show that more living mutants can be detected after adding the generated patterns in the testbench.
Device Comfort for mobile health information accessibility

The Device Comfort methodology uses an enhanced notion of trust to enable a personal device to better reason about the state of interactions and actions between it, its owner, and the environment. This includes allowing a better understanding of how to manage information in fine-grained context as well as addressing the personal security of the user. As an information security methodology based on trust and thus context, it perfectly matches the growing security need for protecting users' medical data, stored as Electronic Health Records and/or partial medical data online or on device. In this paper, we present a threelevel information architecture for managing information access in healthcare that uses Device Comfort as an enabling methodology. We further discuss the interesting potentials for storage of information and how the Device Comfort model can assist in making trust-based sharing decisions regardless of the availability (or capacity) of its owner.
Computational Multi-View Imaging with Kinect

The lack of 3-D content has become a bottleneck for the advancement of three-dimensional television (3-DTV), but conventional multicamera arrays for multiview imaging are expensive to setup and cumbersome to use. This paper proposes a lightweight multiview imaging approach with Kinect, a handheld integrated depth-color camera, under the depth-image-based rendering framework. The proposed method consists of two components: depth restoration from noisy and incomplete depth measurements and view synthesis from depth-color pairs. In depth restoration, we propose a moving 2-D polynomial approximation via least squares to suppress quantization errors in the acquired depth values, and propose a progressive edge-guided trilateral filter to fill missing areas of the depth map. Edges extracted from color image are used to predict the locations of depth discontinuities in missing areas and to guide the proposed trilateral filter avoiding filtering across discontinuities. In view synthesis, we propose a low-rank matrix restoration model to inpaint disocclusion regions, fully exploiting the nonlocal correlations in images, and devise an efficient algorithm under the augmented lagrange multiplier (ALM) framework. Disocclusion areas are inpainted progressively from the boundaries of disocclusion with an estimated priority consisting of four terms: warping term, reliability term, texture term, and depth term. Experimental results show that our method restores high quality depth maps even for large missing areas, and synthesizes natural multiview images from restored depth maps. Strong 3-D visual experiences are observed when the synthesized multiview images are shown in two types of stereoscopic displays.
Redundancy rate-distortion analysis of multiple description coding using pairwise correlating transforms

The objective of multiple description coding (MDC) is to encode a source into two (or more) bitstreams supporting two quality levels of decoding. A high-quality reconstruction should be decodable from the two bitstreams together, while lower, but still acceptable, quality reconstructions should be decodable from either of the two individual bitstreams. This paper describes techniques for meeting MDC objectives in the framework of standard transform-based image coding through the design of pairwise transforms.
A 255nW 138kHz RC oscillator for ultra-low power applications

An on-chip sub-μW RC oscillator suitable for ultra-low power applications is presented. A technique that cancels both comparator delay and offset are proposed to improve the frequency stability against variations of temperature and supply voltage. This relaxation oscillator is designed and simulated in a 180-nm CMOS technology. The post layout simulation results show that the proposed circuit has a 1-cycle start-up time, and the frequency drift is less than ±0.6%. For the supply voltage changing from 0.9 to 1.2 V, the variation of frequency is -0.72% ~ +0.68% and the temperature coefficient is 75.5 ppm/°C over 0 to 90°C. The power consumption of the proposed oscillator is 255 nW at TT and 27°C.
Measurement and analysis method of electromagnetic signals for DC arcing fault

DC arcing faults pose an extreme safety risk for microgrids because they may cause fire without protection. This paper focuses on the measurement method of electromagnetic signals which can be used for arcing fault detection. A test platform is established at first, which includes a DC arc generator, a well-designed antenna and a spectrum analyzer. Secondly, electromagnetic signals are recorded and analyzed under different arcing currents, voltages, air gaps. Especially, the distances from the arcing source to the antenna are taken into consideration. Finally, the characteristics of electromagnetic signals analyzed in the frequency domain. Test results show that the electromagnetic signals of dc arcing is broad band signals which covers from high frequency to ultra-high frequency bandwidth. The very high frequency and ultra-high frequency bandwidth can be useful for arcing fault detection due to lower background noises and smaller antenna.
One-to-Many and Many-to-One Optical Chaos Communications Using Semiconductor Lasers

A theoretical construction of one-to-many (OTM) and many-to-one (MTO) chaos synchronization communications using semiconductor lasers is presented. One center laser provides strong injections (strong link) to other side lasers, and the side lasers also provide weak injections (weak link) to the center one. Simulation results show that the side lasers synchronize with the center laser through injection-locking. In addition, messages transmitted via the strong links or the weak links experience strong chaos pass filtering, enabling us to realize OTM and MTO communications.
Design of reservation mechanism based on the slotted ring network

The traditional slotted ring network is one of the high speed networks, however its transmission delay in heavy network load is too long. We propose a reservation mechanism to improve this drawback. The mechanism is particularly useful in the heavy network load to get a lower delay for high priority packet transmission. We compare it with a traditional slotted ring network by using simulations, and the results show that this mechanism provides the lower delay when the network traffic load is heavy.