nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Website Upgrade Options: A Case Study Comparison of ANFIS and RIMER

Increases in usage of websites as communication tools has lead to reductions in costs of product and service delivery for companies. Incorrect design of websites leads to redesigning them to fit customer needs. Redesign costs are particularly relevant for resource constrained SMEs. Modeling highly subjective, uncertain and repetitive decisions requires methods that include the benefits of both expert knowledge as well as machine learning. This paper reports a comparison on the application of two such hybrid approaches: Belief Rule-Base Inference Methodology Using the Evidential Reasoning Approach (RIMER) and Artificial Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). A numerical example and a case study are reported in order to analyze the potential of the two methods. The results show that both methods can be used to accurately represent and predict the complicated and nonlinear relationships between website characteristics and overall satisfaction. The RIMER approach is found to outperform ANFIS when considering explanatory power.
Fast Projection Algorithm for LIM-Based Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique and Its Parallel Implementation on GPU

Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) is a well-known iterative method in X-ray computed tomography, which provides better image quality than analytical methods when dealing with incomplete or noisy data. The disadvantage of SART is the slow speed compared with the analytical methods. Since forward projection and backprojection are two major time-consuming operations in iterative reconstruction, we propose an algorithm for fast forward projection and improved backprojection for the line integral model-based SART. Using the proposed algorithm, the SART method was implemented on a GPU platform with NVIDIA’s parallel computing architecture. Both computer simulations and physical phantom experiments were carried out, and their results show that our approach is highly efficient and accurate. The computation time for the system matrix using our proposed projector is 10 times faster than that using the Siddon’s projector, and our improved backprojection algorithm is 1.5 times faster than Li’s method in determining the minimum bounding interval. The GPU-based SART using our proposed projection algorithm can obtain about 7.4 times reconstruction speed-up compared with that using the traditional projection approach, while preserving the accuracy of the results.
Automatic segmentation for ovarian cancer immunohistochemical image based on chroma criterion

Immunohistochemical color image segmentation has important application value for quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical image. In this paper, an automatic segmentation method was proposed according to characteristics of color immunohistochemical images. First of all, we established a Chromatics criteria in RGB space so that positive cells regional and negative cells region were separated automatically and two new images-image A and image B were generated. Then, on the basis of the results, the improved ISODATA clustering algorithm was used in segmenting: ①Determine the initial cluster center of image A and image B; ②Extract positive cells of image A on R component and negative cells of image B on B component using ISODATA clustering algorithm. The improved ISODATA clustering algorithm reduced the sample amounts and enhances the computing speed. The experimental results showed that the method can be a good segmentation of ovarian cancer immunohistochemical images.
A Genetic Algorithm Search Heuristic for Belief Rule-Based Model-Structure Validation

In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) search heuristic is proposed for validating the model-structure of Belief Rule-Based (BRB) methodologies. In order to ensure the balance between the model fit/ accuracy and the model complexity, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is used in conjunction with the mentioned heuristic. The resulting framework is tested, using a model consisting of 3 inputs and one output, each of the 4 variables being allocated up to 5 referential values. The presented results illustrate the time-efficiency of the GA heuristic, as well as the penalty imposed by AIC on the number of parameters. The simplest model structure is indicated by AIC to be the optimal one. However, three additional model structures have been found to have AIC values which are moderately close to this optimum. An analysis of their coefficients of determination indicates a higher fit (than AIC optimum) on both testing sets and overall.
A Bias-Free Quantum Random Number Generation Using Photon Arrival Time Selectively

We present a high-quality bias-free quantum random number generator (QRNG) using photon arrival time selectively, in accordance with the number of photon detection events within a sampling time interval in attenuated light. It is well shown in both theoretical analysis and experimental verification that this random number production method eliminates both bias and correlation perfectly without more postprocessing and that the random number can clearly pass the standard randomness tests. We fulfill theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the method whose rate can reach up to 45 Mb/s.
Acoustic wave propagation in piezoelectric fibers of hexagonal crystal symmetry

An exact analysis is presented for acoustic wave propagation in cladded acoustic fibers having a core and an infinite thick cladding both made of piezoelectric hexagonal crystal of 6 mm point group symmetry. The crystalline Z axes of both the core and cladding coincide with the fiber axis. A general dispersion equation is derived for all the acoustic modes propagating along the fiber axis. Two simpler and independent equations which represent the dispersion relations of torsional and radial-axial modes can be separated from the general dispersion equation. It has been found that the radial-axial and general flexural modes are piezoelectrically active while the torsional modes are not. Approximate dispersion relations for pure guided modes in weakly guiding weakly piezoelectric fibers which are much simpler than the exact ones are also given. Numerical results are only presented for pure guided modes. Exact and approximate dispersion curves of several lower order pure guided flexural, radial-axial and torsional modes in a weakly guiding ZnS fiber are compared and they are in good agreement.
Joint design of physical layer network coding and channel decoding based on trellis coded modulation in two-way relay channel

In this paper we consider a two-way relaying system, where two users A and B wish to exchange information with the help of a common relay R., To decode the superimposed signal from A and B efficiently, we propose a new scheme of jointing physical layer network coding (PNC) and channel decoding for multiple-access channel based on trellis coded modulation (TCM). Since TCM combines channel coding with modulation, the scheme improves the free distance of the coding sequence, thus more encoding gain is achieved. In addition, taking advantage of the linearity of convolutional code and MAC-XOR NC code, the digital bits of network coding are estimated directly. In a word, we propose a novel scheme which considers channel coding, modulation and PNC at the same time, so that not only the information transmission rate is increased, but also the reliability is improved.
Comparison of DSB and SSB demodulation methods in general control system of MEMS gyroscopes

This paper reports a comparative study between double side-band (DSB) and single side-band (SSB) demodulation methods when applied to a general control system of MEMS gyroscopes. Theoretical analysis originally reveals the influence of phase delay variations of C/V sensing circuit in the drive loop on gyroscope output. A simulation is set up to evaluate the two demodulation algorithms, demonstrating reliable robustness against the aforementioned phase delay variations using DSB algorithm, which is due to the fully decoupling between the angular rate output and quadrature output. Further, comparative experiments of control systems respectively based on DSB and SSB are conducted, using an FPGA-based digital platform on a MEMS gyroscope. Experimental results indicate that the system using DSB demodulation method has better performance, with angle random walk (ARW) of 0.14 °/√hr and bias instability of 1.18 °/h, than the system using SSB demodulation method with the measured ARW of 0.22 °/√hr and bias instability of 3 °/h.
Hyper-spectral image reconstruction based on SL0-SL0 minimization

This paper proposes a new prior image constrained compressive sampling (PICCS) method to reconstruct hyper-spectral images, namely SL0-SL0 minimization-based hyper-spectral imaging (HSI). This is a band-by-band reconstruction method, which reconstructs each hyper-spectral band based on the previous one. This method utilizes not only the sparsity of each hyper-spectral band in certain bases but also the similarity between two consecutive bands. In addition, compared with the popular approaches which reconstruct all the hyper-spectral bands simultaneously, SL0-SL0 minimization-based HSI reduce the requirements to computational ability and memory of receivers for that only one hyper-spectral band is reconstructed at each time. Compared with the exiting PICCS methods, which lose efficiency to reconstruct signals with large size, the SL0-SL0 minimization method significantly speeds up the reconstruction procedure. Some simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Compression performance of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) working draft 4

This paper presents the results of compression comparison tests between the current state of the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) draft standard and the current dominant standard H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (High Profile) as an anchor reference. The conditions used for the comparison tests were designed to reflect relevant application scenarios and to enable a fair comparison to the maximum extent feasible, i.e. using comparable quantization settings, reference frame buffering, etc. The testing was generally configured in favour of using a relatively strong H.264/MPEG-4 AVC anchor reference. Several of the encoder optimizations currently found in the HEVC software are tested and shown to be helpful to improve the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC anchor performance. When compared to the improved anchor encoder configurations, the HEVC draft design currently provides a bit rate savings for equal PSNR of about 39% for random access applications, 44% for low-delay use, and 25% for all-intra use.
A modified rate-monotonic algorithm for scheduling periodic tasks with different importance in embedded system

It is the scheduler that decides the capability of the embedded system. For the classical rate-monotonic (RM) scheduling algorithm with priority determined only by the period, the deadline of long period tasks can not be guaranteed and the system resources can not be effectively utilized. Here, a new static priority scheduling algorithm called NPRM (A New Priority-driven Scheduler Based on RM) is proposed. In this algorithm, two parameters are added to the Task Control Block (TCB): One is the importance of the task, and the other is the laxity. The one which importance is higher only when its laxity is zero could preempt the running task. Our experiments suggest that the algorithm be capable of decreasing the deadline-missing ratio of the tasks and the CPU resource could be used more effectively. It is an efficient way of scheduling the real-time tasks; it is useful for the application in wireless broadband and mobile computing.
An overview of directional transforms in image coding

Transform-based image coding has been the mainstream for many years, as witnessed in from the early effort in JPEG to the recent advances in HD Photo. Traditionally, a 2-D transform used in image coding is always implemented separately along the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. However, it is usually true that many image blocks contain oriented structures (e.g., edges) and/or textures that do not follow either the vertical or horizontal direction. The traditional 2-D transform thus may not be the most appropriate one to these image blocks. This well-known fact has recently triggered several attempts towards the development of directional transforms so as to better preserve the directional information in an image block. Some of these directional transforms have been applied in image coding, demonstrating a significant coding gain. This paper presents an overview of these directional transforms as well as a discussion of some existing problems and their potential solutions.
Design and Experiments of a Single-Foot Linear Piezoelectric Actuator Operated in a Stepping Mode

A single-foot linear piezoelectric actuator is proposed in this paper, and a new exciting method for the stepping motion is discussed. The proposed actuator works in the hybrid modes of the second horizontal bending vibration and the second vertical bending vibration. Two intermittent sinusoidal signals with a phase difference of 90° are applied on the horizontal and vertical PZT elements, respectively, to obtain a discontinuous elliptical motion at the driving foot, which can move the runner linearly step by step. The structure of a single-foot linear piezoelectric actuator is designed and the mechanism for the linear driving is clarified. Then, modal and transient analyses are carried out by using ANSYS software to get the resonance frequencies of the bending modes and the movement trajectory of the driving foot. Finally, a prototype of the piezoelectric actuator is fabricated, and experiments are carried out. The experiment results show that the displacement resolution, the maximum velocity, and the maximum thrust of the proposed piezoelectric actuator are about 0.21 μm, 827.5 mm/s, and 27 N, respectively.
Buck DC-DC converter design and experimental validation by time delay control

This paper presents a novel control approach based on time delay concept for buck DC-DC converter control and implementation. Time delay control is effective and useful for the voltage tracking of the buck DC-DC converter that exhibits inherent state variable variations under disturbance. To prove the voltage tracking performance improvement of the proposed method, a conventional model predictive control (MPC) is used and compared. MATLAB/Simulink models are constructed to simulate the efficiency of the controllers by comparing the system performance criteria under different operating points. Finally, experimental validations are performed and compared on the same platforms and working conditions.
Enhancing interoperability of ECG machine to support ECG telediagnosis service

Now many remote or underserved areas have brought forward a high demand for improving the quality of ECG interpretation. Telediagnosis can provide a feasible solution. However, even communities already equipped with ECG machines cannot communicate with a remote diagnostic center, because these machines lack interoperability. It can be predicted that the applicability and popularization of ECG telediagnosis could be greatly improved via developing high interoperable ECG machines and realizing a direct interaction between the machines and a remote diagnostic center. In this paper, a detail analysis on the flow of ECG telediagnosis is represented first. Several interactive transactions and a complete and reasonable interaction workflow of ECG machine are designed on the base of the analysis. The design has realized an automatic acquisition of patient information and the transmission of a complete ECG record as well as a diagnostic report. We have created an ECG machine based on the design presented and developed a Web Service named TeleECGService, through which a direct interaction between an ECG machine and a remote diagnostic center can be achieved. An ECG remote diagnosis system based such high interoperable ECG machines has been put into use in a hospital in Shanxi Province of China.
Image Contrast Enhancement Using Normal Matching Histogram Equalization

Histogram Equalization (HE) is a very popular algorithm in the field of image enhancement. Its theory is very simple but effective and easy to implement. However, this algorithm can not get good result in some special cases. Furthermore, it will change the mean brightness of original image significantly. According to these drawbacks of HE, some novel algorithms have been proposed. The main target of these algorithms is trying to preserve the brightness and entropy of original image better. But they also decrease the enhancement efforts at the same time. In this paper, a novel algorithm，Normal Matching Histogram Equalization (NMHE)，is proposed. Experimental results show that this algorithm can not only preserve the mean brightness and entropy of original image but also keep the enhancement efforts simultaneously.
A Numerical Simulation of Diffusion Charging Effect on Collection Efficiency in Wire-Plate Electrostatic Precipitators

In this paper, a numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the effect of diffusion charging on collection efficiency of a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The gas flow field, the electric field, and the particle field with diffusion charging considered were included in the numerical model, which was implemented by using the commercial FLUENT software. Collection efficiency was calculated by using the Deutsch-Anderson equation, in which the parameters were provided from the numerical solutions. The simulated results indicate that the effect of diffusion charging on the wire-plate ESP particle collection increases with the decreasing particle diameter, as well as applied potential, particularly for PM10. Moreover, with the increasing applied potential, collection efficiency of PM10 is obviously improved, and the effect extent first increases and then decreases with particle size increasing, but also, the size range of particle, which is significantly affected by the diffusion charging, becomes smaller. As gas velocity becomes higher, the effect of diffusion charging on grade efficiency also becomes more obvious, and the affected range of particle size gets much larger, however, at the price of grade efficiency decreasing. Using collection efficiency as reference variable of judgment, instead of particle charge, may lead to a more accurate estimation of the aforementioned size range, which can provide a great help in the further analysis of fine particle collection.
A hybrid dynamic condenser model for transient analysis and model-based controller design

In this paper, a hybrid modeling approach is proposed to describe the dynamic behavior of the two phase flow condensers used in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. The model is formulated based on fundamental energy and mass balance governing equations, and thermodynamic principles, while some constants and less important variables that change very little during normal operation, such as cross-sectional areas, mean void fraction, the derivative of the saturation enthalpy with respect to pressure, etc., are lumped into several unknown parameters. These parameters are then obtained by experimental data using least squares identification method. The proposed modeling method takes advantages of both physical and empirical modeling approaches, can accurately predict the transient behaviors in real-time and significantly reduce the computational burden. Other merits of the proposed approach are that the order of the model is very low and all the state variables can be easily measured. These advantages make it easy to be applied to model based control system design. The model validation studies on an experimental system show that the model predicts the system dynamic well.
Characterization and modeling of quantum cascade lasers based on a photon-assisted tunneling transition

A detailed characterization and modeling of long-wavelength (/spl lambda//spl sim/10 /spl mu/m) quantum cascade (QC) lasers based on a photon-assisted tunneling transition are presented. In particular, the influence of the finite lifetime of the lower state of the laser transition on the current-voltage and threshold current versus temperature characteristics have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that, for our structure, the value of the lower state lifetime can be extracted from the voltage-current curve; the value we found was 2.6 ps. In addition, this model allows to understand the abrupt degradation of the performance of the device for T>150 K. Low temperature (T=10 K) threshold current densities of 1.1 kA/cm/sup 2/ and a tuning range of 85 cm/sup -1/ in pulsed mode are reported. In continuous-wave mode, the emission linewidth of a free-running laser was determined to be 3.9 MHz.
Cloud Computing: An emerging technology

Cloud Computing is a novel buzzword in information technology domain. It's an emerging technology and it has been give much attention by both research community and industries. However, there are various definitions for Cloud Computing and now the infrastructures of most Clouds are invisible to the researchers. We illustrate the Cloud computing paradigm in a variety of aspects and some Cloud computing Platforms and their architectural trade-offs are depicted in this paper. It is expected to contribute better comprehension of the Cloud concept so as to some more efficient Clouds would be designed, and we believe that the Clouds from early prototypes to production platforms are accelerated.
Common cause failure analysis of fault tolerance systems with diversity defense mechanism

Common cause failures (CCF) are a serious threat to redundant system reliability. It is therefore important to quantify and model CCF in reliability assessments. Design diversity has long been used to protect redundant systems against CCF. However, it is difficult to quantify the effects of diversity on system reliability. Therefore, a novel method based on Root Cause (RC) and Coupling Factor (CF) is proposed to assess diverse redundancy system reliability in this paper. The key idea of the novel method is to classify the RCs into (sub-)categories and then assess the corresponding CFs between redundant components respectively based characteristics of diversity. A novel CCF model is proposed to describe the relationship between CCF probability and diversity. Finally, aiming at the CCF induced by external environment stress an example is given to illustrate the usage of the novel method.
Face and Human Gait Recognition Using Image-to-Class Distance

We propose a new distance measure for face recognition and human gait recognition. Each probe image (a face image or an average human silhouette image) is represented as a set of local features uniformly sampled over a grid with fixed spacing, and each gallery image is represented as a set of local features sampled at each pixel. We formulate an integer programming problem to compute the distance (referred to as the image-to-class distance) from one probe image to all the gallery images belonging to a certain class, in which any feature of the probe image can be matched to only one feature from one of the gallery images. Considering computational efficiency as well as the fact that face images or average human silhouette images are roughly aligned in the preprocessing step, we also enforce a spatial neighborhood constraint by only allowing neighboring features that are within a given spatial distance to be considered for feature matching. The integer programming problem is further treated as a classical minimum-weight bipartite graph matching problem, which can be efficiently solved with the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm. We perform comprehensive experiments on three benchmark face databases: 1) the CMU PIE database; 2) the FERET database; and 3) the FRGC database, as well as the USF Human ID gait database. The experiments clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our image-to-class distance.