nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of IEEE 1857.3: Systems of advanced audio and video coding

In this paper, we provide some insights into the IEEE Standard for Systems of Advanced Audio and Video Coding (. Specifically, the standard defines file format and real-time transport protocol (RTP) payload format for IEEE 1857 video and IEEE 1857.2 audio. The storage of video and audio not only uses the existing capabilities of the ISO base media file format (BMFF), but also specifies extensions to support specific features of the IEEE 1857 video codec and IEEE 1857.2 audio codec. The target applications and services of the standard include but are not limited to Internet media streaming, IPTV, video conference, video telephony, and video-on-demand.
Performance improvement of a wind power distribution station using a dynamic voltage restorer

This paper discusses the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) supported wind power generator connected to the grid to improve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the grid. The wind power generators are connected to the grid through a feeder to the distribution system and the DVR is connected to the point of common coupling (PCC), where loads are connected. The main aim of the DVR is to regulate the voltage at the load terminal irrespective of sag/swell, distortion, or unbalance in the grid voltage. The proposed DVR structure is operated in such a fashion that it does not supply or absorb any active power during the steady-state operation. Dead beat control algorithm is used for the control of DVR. The DVR supported wind power system operation is verified through extensive simulation study and a prototype experimental setup is built for experimental verification.
Spectrum Sensing for FM Wireless Microphone Signals

Spectrum sensing of FM wireless microphone signals under strong interference is a very challenging task. To address this problem, we develop a simple spectrum sensing algorithm that utilizes an important property of an FM signal, i.e., its autocorrelation function can be approximated as a sinusoidal function provided that the frequency deviation is much smaller than its carrier frequency and the correlation delay is small. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed spectrum sensor can reliably detect the target signals when a strong adjacent channel interference exists and the signal power is as low as -114 dBm set by FCC
A Low-Cost Very Large Scale Integration Architecture for Multistandard Inverse Transform

In this brief, a low-cost very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture is designed for multistandard inverse transform. The proposed architecture is used in multistandard decoder of MPEG-2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264/AVC and VC-1. Two circuit share strategies, factor share (FS) and adder share (AS), are applied to the inverse transform architecture for saving its circuit resource. It is shown that the proposed multistandard inverse transform architecture can support the real-time decoding of 1920 × 1080@60 Hz high-definition video at the cost of low circuit resource.
FEC-based multiple description coding for heterogeneous client bandwidths

We consider applying the FEC-based multiple description coding method for multicasting a source to a set of clients with heterogeneous access bandwidths. In the scenario where different clients access the server via separate links, we propose a procedure which refines the already computed optimal solutions for other bandwidths, using different packet lengths. Compared to the scheme that computes an optimal solution individually for each bandwidth, this procedure is quite faster and has comparable performance. In another scenario where many clients share a bottleneck link, we extend our embedded packetization framework to be available in more than two bandwidths, and propose a fast heuristic algorithm which can achieve very good performance tradeoff among all clients.
Overview of the MPEG CDVS Standard

Towards mobile visual search, compact visual descriptors have been well advocated in both academic and industry endeavors. Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) initiated the remarkable Compact Descriptors for Visual Search (CDVS) standard activity in Jan. 2010 to push forward the frontiers of compact descriptors in mobile internet industry. In Oct. 2014, MPEG CDVS successfully entered the Final Draft of International Standard. CDVS made a series of significant breakthroughs in high performance and low complexity compact descriptors. In this paper, we give an overview of the MPEG CDVS standard, with emphasis on the development of the core techniques and their technical merits.
Propagation Attenuation Properties of Partial Discharge in Typical In-Field GIS Structures

Using the ultra-high frequency method to detect partial discharge (PD) is considered effective for the insulation diagnosis of the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). In this research, in order to gain a clear understanding of the propagation attenuation property of PD, a 220-kV real GIS is utilized and four types of typical PD sources are designed and fabricated, including floating metal, protrusion, void in solid insulation and particle on the spacer. Three common GIS structures are considered in the paper, which are the straight structure with spacer, as well as the L-shaped and T-shaped structures. The attenuation can be caused by these GIS structures when the PD signal emitted from the defect propagates through them. In this study, research is focused on the variations of the time-domain amplitude, the frequency spectrum, and the cumulative energy of the PD signal. Based on the three aspects, the changes of PD signal through GIS structures are described comprehensively, and the propagation properties are presented in detail. The lowpass ( MHz) and bandpass (800 MHz-1600 MHz) filters are applied to elaborate the propagation property of different frequency bands. Since the characteristics of PD caused by the four types of defects are different, their attenuation properties will also be different. These typical PD sources are tested in each GIS structure, respectively.
A Web Page De-duplication Algorithm Based on Data Clearing

Duplicated web pages responded by search engines not only waste valuable storage, but also aggravate burdens of users’ browse. Web page de-duplication can effectively improve the information retrieval. This paper proposes pretreatment of web pages to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of web page de-duplication based on feature code according to the principle of data clearing. This paper features that ranking feature code to reduce the comparison times of the system and space and time complexity. Experiments show that this method has a promising prospect in eliminating large-scale duplicated web pages.
Multi-feature extraction for power system disturbances by wavelet transform and Fractal analysis

This paper proposes a multi-feature extraction algorithm aiming to recognize disturbances by analyzing synchrophasor data from wide-area monitoring systems. The novel algorithm utilizes wavelet transform (WT) to extract preliminary features from synchrophasors. Two types of features are created by organizing scaling coefficients and wavelet coefficients from WT. The multi-features are compressed by Fractal analysis (FA) so that a simple form of features is created for application convenience. A Benchmark 5 bus system is used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the algorithm is effective to recognize the type and location of power system disturbances.
Synthesis Technique of Array-Fed Shaped-Reflector Antenna for DBF-SAR Application

This letter presents a new approach to synthesize patterns of a phased-array-fed shaped-reflector antenna for digital beamforming (DBF) synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This type of reflector antenna is capable of radiating different broad transmitting beams under phase-only control and can generate narrow receiving beams using DBF technique in the elevation direction, which is applicable to a high-resolution wide swath (HRWS) SAR system. The linear array feed locates at the defocused area of the reflector, which can enhance the beam reconfiguring ability. The elevation patterns are optimized mainly by adjusting the excitation coefficients of the array feed using improved Projection Matrix Algorithm (PMA). The azimuth patterns are optimized mainly by adjusting the reflector shape using Differential Evolution method with Global and Local neighborhood (DEGL). The patterns of the shaped reflector antenna fed by a defocused feed array are effectively synthesized, including scanning and reconfiguring beams. A numerical analysis is performed that validates the effectiveness of the approach. The beam direction, beamwidth, and sidelobe level requirements are all met.
Fast retargeting with adaptive grid optimization

Effective and efficient retargeting techniques may enrich users' browsing experiences in mobile devices. Existing mesh-based retargeting solutions put less efforts in making well-tuned meshes. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive grid based optimization method to retarget an image. First, we present an entropy based measure to guide the grid construction. Then we employ the quadtree structure to adjust the grid granularity adaptively. Furthermore, to reduce the inappropriate deformation from inconsistent importance assignment, we build a global optimization model to alleviate serious shape deformation in retargeting. Comparison experiments show our method's superiority over the state-of-the-art approaches.
2G video coding technology and beyond

In this talk, the state of arts of AVS standard and beyond will be discussed. AVS is one of the three well-known second generation video coding standards in worldwide, created by AVS working group. AVS working group was established on June 2002, and based on the contributions from 100s video expert, the video part of standard has published as Chinese National Standard on Feb. of 2006, known as GB/T 20090.2-2006. The mission of AVS working group is to establish the national standard for compression, decompression, manipulation and display in digital audio and video multimedia equipment and systems. The experience of drafting AVS standard is that the technical standard must be synthetically considered the problems of standard and patent, to get a better balance between the licensor (patent holders), licensee, and end-user, then eventually to realize multi-parties-winning. AVS right now has been used in many applications include IPTV, internet video, mobile TV, cable TV, and so on. In second part of this talk, AVS future plan will be discussed.
Macroblock-level Reduced Resolution Video Coding Allowing Adaptive DCT Coefficients Selection

Reduced resolution update (RRU) video coding provides a better compression performance than H.264/AVC does. It is implemented by encoding the predicted residuals after down-sampling at the encoder and at the decoder, is up-sampled to the full-resolution size while motion compensation prediction signal are still yielded in the full-resolution spatial domain. In this paper, the authors first extend the frame-level RRU to the macroblock-level to obtain better coding performance than the frame-level RRU. Furthermore, a novel macroblock-level reduced resolution coding scheme was proposed which adaptively selects the part of DCT coefficients in the zigzag scan order to obtain better coding efficiency in terms of rate distortion performance. Experimental results exhibit that the proposed methods can achieve obvious improvements in both compression efficiency and decoding complexity compared with the frame-level RRU and H.264/AVC.
A novel coefficient scanning scheme for directional spatial prediction-based image compression

Spatial prediction is a promising technique for image coding. For example, the coming AVC/H.264 standard adopts directional spatial prediction in the intra frame coding. Similar to the traditional DCT-based image coding schemes, it still scan the transform coefficients in a zigzag order, which is inefficient for coding the residual signals predicted from the different directions. To tackle this problem, a new scheme of scanning the transform coefficients by utilizing the spatial prediction information is proposed in this paper. The distribution of transform coefficients from each direction of spatial predictions is fully studied. According to the statistics, the adaptive scan table is derived for each type of spatial predictions, which is indicated by the prediction mode. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can always outperform the JVT codec using zigzag scanning. Moreover, it does not introduce any extra computing costs in software implementation.
An efficient approach to improve PSRR performance of Kuijk BGR topology

A highly efficient approach to improve PSRR behavior of Kuijk BGR topology is derived though small signal transfer function analysis and, a BGR circuit has been designed and fabricated on standard 0.5μm CMOS technology to verify this method. This thought greatly relieves the trade-offs of BGR circuit design among power consumption, PSRR performance, area and etc. This BGR circuit consumes 3μA current at 5V single power supply, with >130 dB DC PSRR performance, occupies an area of 350μm×100μm, and is of self-biased characteristic with 2~6 V work supply voltage range.
An approach to automatically extracting the basic units in Chinese sign language recognition

The recognition of large vocabulary continuous Chinese sign language (CSL) is a challenging problem. It is effective to use phonemes instead of whole signs as the basic units. In this paper, an approach to extracting the basic units in CSL automatically is described. In order to find subwords in each data streams in sign signals, dynamic programming (DP) is proposed to segment the data streams, and then ANN approach combining k-means is used to classify these segments. 71 hand postures are automatically extracted from 1063 words and 200 continuous sentences. These postures accompanied with locations and orientations are used as basic units in large vocabulary continuous CSL recognition.
Learning and Memory of Spatial Relationship by a Neural Network with Sparse Features

Research on efficiency of learning and memory is very important for theoretic exploration and practical application. This paper gives a discussion on learning and memory of spatial relationships between initial positions and object positions by a neural network with sparse features. As an example, the paper discusses how the neural network learns the visual contexts between human eye centers and random initial positions surrounding the eye centers in images with as little memory as possible. Some sparse features are designed and distances between initial positions and the labeled eye centers in horizontal and vertical directions are learned and memorized respectively. Such a system could predict object positions from a new initial position according to the contexts that the neural network learned. A group of experiments on efficiency of learning and memory with sparse features in several single and integrated scales are analyzed and discussed.
Deployment of Sensors in WSN: An Efficient Approach Based on Dynamic Programming

Efficient sensor node deployment is extremely important in wireless sensor networks. It earns great practical meanings through using fewer sensor nodes as far as possible to satisfy different requirements such as the requirement on coverage and overcoming the potential sensor node failures and the adverse influence from the environment. We propose an efficient approach for the deployment of sensor nodes in wireless networks, termed as EDSNDA, which is excellent in taking both the requirements of sensor coverage and network connectivity into consideration when minimizing the number of necessary sensor nodes to the best of its ability. We proposed a new coverage model of sensor node. Based on the sensor coverage model, we establish four dynamic programming models in four different practical situations, respectively. The algorithms are then proposed which are used for solving the corresponding dynamic programming models. The validity of the method is justified by simulation studies in which the method is compared with the current representative methods. The simulation results show that our method performs better than the other ones with fewer sensor nodes, better coverage and network connectivity result in the same circumstance.
Localizing the iris center by region growing search

A novel approach to localize human iris centers in facial images is proposed. From the estimated nose center of the detected face, the proposed method searches for the possible iris edge by gradually growing a rectangle, and then localizes the iris center in an expected region by searching for the pixel, which has the minimum average intensity. Experimental results show that this method has good performance for facial images under variations in pose and lighting direction. The speed of the method is notably fast. It has been successfully applied to a face recognition system for providing the eye locations for aligning faces.
Overview of the IEEE 1857 surveillance groups

Among the multiple application-oriented video groups of IEEE 1857 video part, surveillance groups are the first specific video coding standards targeting on the exploring surveillance system. In this paper, we firstly present an overview of the technical features and characteristics of the Surveillance Baseline and Surveillance Groups. The video coding technologies are then described in greater detail on three main directions, including the background modeling based prediction techniques for high-efficiency surveillance video coding, error resilience methods for channel-noisy surveillance video transmission and the high-level syntax for surveillance video analysis. The surveillance groups can provide a good support for kinds of video analysis applications of computer vision and make the video transmission more applicable for noisy channels. Moreover, experimental results show that the background modeling based prediction techniques can well exploit the special characteristics of surveillance video and double the traditional compression performance.
Effects of Distributed Generation on power loss, loadability and stability

Distributed generation (DG) can provide solutions to many energy supply system problems. While DG is demonstrating its benefits to the power system, the extent varies with different placement strategies. In this paper, a static model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) DG system model in power flow analysis is proposed. The overall effects of adding DG to the modified IEEE 14 bus test case are studied. Different DG placements are compared in terms of power loss, loadability and voltage stability index. The fast voltage stability index (FVSI) and line stability factor (LQP) for voltage stability contingency analysis are compared.
Protection for overvoltage of 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breaker switching off shunt reactors

Based on the results of field tests of 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors, the effects of metal oxide surge arrester (MOA) protections of several connecting types as well as C-R suppressers are compared in detail. In this switching situation, gapless combined MOAs and three-gap combined MOAs are helpful to suppress the overvoltage. Meanwhile, C-R suppressers can provide the most effective protection, and it is better to install them nearby the reactors rather than breakers.
Rate-distortion based sparse coding for image set compression

In this paper, we propose a novel image set compression approach based on sparse coding with an ordered dictionary learned from perceptually informative signals. For a group of similar images, one representative image is first selected and transformed into wavelet domain, and then its AC components are utilized as samples to train an over-complete dictionary. In order to improve compression efficiency, the dictionary atoms are reordered according to their frequency used in sparse approximation of the representative image. In addition, a rate-distortion based sparse coding method is proposed to distribute atoms among different image patches adaptively. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms JPEG and JPEG2000 up to 6+ dB and 2+ dB, respectively.
Efficient macroblock pipeline structure in high definition AVS video encoder VLSI architecture

In traditional four-stage pipeline structures for H.264 video encoder hardware implementation, rate distortion optimization (RDO) based mode decision was turned off, and dual-port or ping-pang on-chip search window SRAM was used to achieve data reuse between the integer and fractional pixel motion estimation. To support RDO based mode decision for efficient high definition AVS video coding implementation, we propose an improved four-stage MB pipeline structure. Also on-chip buffer structure is optimized to achieve the balance between circuit consumption and coding performance. The Jizhun profile AVS video encoder is successfully mapped into hardware implementation with the proposed pipeline structure with small performance degradation.
Grouped unequal loss protection for scalable media transmission

The number of packets contained in a single ULP framework is upper-bounded by the Galois field of RS code. When the number of available channel packets is beyond this limit, we propose to divide these packets into several groups and protect each group using a minor- modified ULP algorithm. We present two grouped ULP schemes: GULP-S-I and GULP-I-I. GULP-S-I splits the source scalable bitstream into several slices and protect each slice into a separate group, while GULP-I-I puts the consecutive source bytes of the bitstream alternately into different groups. While transmitting, a packet interleaving technique is used. Experimental results show that both schemes can achieve very good average PSNR performance, and GULP-I-I also has good progressive transmission performance.
Modeling Background and Segmenting Moving Objects from Compressed Video

Modeling background and segmenting moving objects are significant techniques for video surveillance and other video processing applications. Most existing methods of modeling background and segmenting moving objects mainly operate in the spatial domain at pixel level. In this paper, we present three new algorithms (running average, median, mixture of Gaussians) modeling background directly from compressed video, and a two-stage segmentation approach based on the proposed background models. The proposed methods utilize discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients (including ac coefficients) at block level to represent background, and adapt the background by updating DCT coefficients. The proposed segmentation approach can extract foreground objects with pixel accuracy through a two-stage process. First a new background subtraction technique in the DCT domain is exploited to identify the block regions fully or partially occupied by foreground objects, and then pixels from these foreground blocks are further classified in the spatial domain. The experimental results show the proposed background modeling algorithms can achieve comparable accuracy to their counterparts in the spatial domain, and the associated segmentation scheme can visually generate good segmentation results with efficient computation. For instance, the computational cost of the proposed median and MoG algorithms are only 40.4% and 20.6% of their counterparts in the spatial domain for background construction.