nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Logic based Active Map Learning for Autonomous Robot

The paper proposes a fast map learning approach for real-time map building and active exploration in unknown indoor environments. This approach includes a map model, a map update method, an exploration method, and a map postprocessing method. The map adopts a grid-based representation and uses frequency value to measure the confidence that a cell is occupied by an obstacle. The exploration method is implemented by coordinating two novel behaviors: path-exploring behavior and environment-detection behavior. Fuzzy logic is used to implement the behavior design and coordination. The fast map update and path planning (i.e. the exploration method) make our approach a candidate for real-time implementation on mobile robots. The results are demonstrated by simulated experiments based on a Pioneer robot with eight forward sonar sensors.
A Transmission-Reflection Method for Complex Permittivity Measurement Using a Planar Sensor

We present a contact method for the complex permittivity measurement of materials based on a two-port microwave sensor over a frequency range of 3–4 GHz. The proposed sensor is composed of a 3-dB directional coupler with the direct and coupled ports each connecting an open-ended transmission line. Two simple un-calibrated scattering parameters are required to extract the complex permittivity of the materials under test (MUT). One is for the empty sensor, and the other is for the MUT loaded on the sensor. Additionally, the relation expression between complex permittivity and measured scattering parameters is presented. Some experiments were carried out over the whole frequency range. The results agree well with the resonant method. This transmission-reflection method can provide a highly accurate measurement for only requirement of amplitude information of the S-parameters. To low-loss materials, the relative errors of the calculated results are less than 4% for real part and 6% for imaginary part of permittivity in comparisons with the literature data.
3-D Object Retrieval and Recognition With Hypergraph Analysis

View-based 3-D object retrieval and recognition has become popular in practice, e.g., in computer aided design. It is difficult to precisely estimate the distance between two objects represented by multiple views. Thus, current view-based 3-D object retrieval and recognition methods may not perform well. In this paper, we propose a hypergraph analysis approach to address this problem by avoiding the estimation of the distance between objects. In particular, we construct multiple hypergraphs for a set of 3-D objects based on their 2-D views. In these hypergraphs, each vertex is an object, and each edge is a cluster of views. Therefore, an edge connects multiple vertices. We define the weight of each edge based on the similarities between any two views within the cluster. Retrieval and recognition are performed based on the hypergraphs. Therefore, our method can explore the higher order relationship among objects and does not use the distance between objects. We conduct experiments on the National Taiwan University 3-D model dataset and the ETH 3-D object collection. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with the state-of-the-art methods.
Passivity based adaptive control of a two chamber single rod hydraulic actuator

A novel nonlinear function parameterization model was proposed for nonlinear adaptive controller design. This approach re-parameterizes the nonlinear function with unknown parameters linearly, which simplifies the adaptive controller design significantly. A recently developed passivity based backstepping controller using a physical compressibility energy function for a chamber hydraulic cylinder was augmented with the parameter adaptation law to achieve trajectory tracking. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the parameterization model, and the adaptive passive controller produces an accurate trajectory tracking performance.
Three-Degree of Freedom Adaptive Power Control for CDMA Cellular Systems

The successful operation of CDMA systems depend on the use of power control. This is needed to address the "near far" effect and to mitigate the effects of fading. Other factors also impact on the achievable performance of the power control loop including the fact that only the sign of the power increments are transmitted. The paper presents new methods and results to improve control with respect to the latter strongly non-linear effect. An adaptive control architecture, having three degrees of freedom, is therefore proposed for inner loop power control. The three degrees of freedom are used to address errors resulting from (i) channel and interference variations, (ii) quantization of the power increments and (iii) saturation of the power increments. Simulations show that the proposed controller outperforms other related schemes. A major reason for this is the ability of the three degree of freedom controller to reduce the variation of the control signal to be quantized.
The Implement of an Improved Delaunay Triangulation Algorithm

The algorithms of Delaunay triangulation are the main algorithms when establishing DEM. The algorithm of going forward beginning with margins has been improved in two ways after some researches are made on several Delaunay triangulation algorithms. On the one hand, edges are directly used as the base when going forward, other than using Voronoi figure as the base. On the other hand, data set partition is used to limit the range of searching. Consequently, the speed of constructing Delaunay triangular mesh is greatly improved. The result of simulating shows that the efficiency of mended algorithm is evidently enhanced.
Application of switched PWM and phase-shift control in DC/DC full bridge circuit based on FPGA

In light condition, switches of Phase Shift-Full Bridge (PB-FB) DC/DC converter cannot satisfy the condition of Zero Voltage Switch (ZVS). Based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA), PWM and PS control method are used according to different load condition. In addition, switching loss of converter is explained, and design process is presented in detail. Experiment results indicate the mutual combination of PWM and PS control method can reduce current stress of switches and switching loss, ensuring high efficiency in global load condition. Input conducted noise is worse in light condition.
Deciduous broadleaf forests green FPAR and its relationship with spectral vegetation indices

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) is directly related to the primary productivity of photosynthesis, and is widely used to estimate ecosystem primary production. The forest canopy can be divided into photosynthetically active vegetation and non-photosynthetic vegetation according to their photosynthetical function. In this study, the scattering by arbitrary inclined leaves (SAIL) model was used to partition the PAR absorbed by canopy components into two parts: PAR absorbed by PAV and PAR by NPV. The characteristics of green FPAR (the fraction of PAR absorbed by PAV) and the relationships between green FPAR and spectral vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, EVI2, SAVI) were analyzed. The results showed that the green FPAR varied with the canopy structure. In broadleaf deciduous forests with high coverage, the green FPAR was close to the total FPAR, and the contribution of NPV to the total FPAR was very low. Plant area index had more important impacts on the green FPAR than the proportion of PAV in the canopy and optical properties of PAV. The green FPAR had significant relationships with four spectral vegetation indices, but the correlation coefficient between green FPAR and EVI was the largest. Therefore, compared with other three vegetation indices, EVI may be more suitable to estimate forest green FPAR.
Sub-Pixel Coded Structured Light Stripe Boundary Location Using Weighted Centroid Method

Accurate stripe boundary location is crucial for stripe coded structured light based 3D reconstruction. Intersecting point method might be the most accurate for stripe boundary location. But this method requires project a group of normal and a group of inverse patterns, and thus can not be used in some time- or resource-constrained applications. In this paper, we propose an improved sub-pixel location scheme based on weighted centroid algorithm. In the proposed scheme, a green slit of a pixel width is first added between every stripe to avoid false detection and omitted detection. Then, universal gravity-based edge detection and weighted centroid method are utilized for sub-pixel location. Compared with intersecting point method, the proposed scheme achieves comparable detection accuracy with only half number of the projected patterns.
Effect of repetitive rates of impulse voltage on electrical treeing in epoxy and barrier composited insulations

Electrical treeing is regarded as one of the most significant mechanism for dielectric breakdown in polymeric materials of high voltage equipment. For wind turbine generator (WTG), the insulation system would withstand the repetitive square waveform impulse electric stress as the application of the invert unit, which would promote the growth of electrical tree. In this paper, the effect of repetitive rate of the square waveform impulse voltage on electrical tree propagation in insulation composited with epoxy resin and barriers were investigated. Two kinds of the most common insulation tapes/films, the polyimide film and glass fiber reinforcing mica powder tape, were chosen as the barrier materials in this paper. The electrical tree experiments were conducted under the impulse voltage with the repetitive rate of 2, 4 and 8 kHz. The experimental results indicated that higher repetitive rate would promote the propagation of electrical tree by increasing the number of discharges in the channel. Near the barrier, the gradient of transverse length over the number of cycles increased fastest at 8 kHz, while at 2 and 4 kHz, there is no significant difference. For two kinds of barrier material, glass fiber reinforcing mica powder tape could suppress the electrical tree extension effectively, which might be due to the stronger bond between the epoxy resin and the barrier.
Optimizing User Selection Schemes in Vector Broadcast Channels

In this paper, we focus on the ergodic downlink sum-rate performance of a system consisting of a set of heterogeneous users. We study three user selection schemes to group near-orthogonal users for simultaneous transmission. The first scheme is a random selection policy that achieves fairness, but does not exploit multi-user diversity. The second scheme is a greedy selection policy that fully exploits multi-user diversity, but does not achieve fairness, and the third scheme achieves fairness while partially exploiting multi-user diversity. We also consider two beamforming methods for data transmission, namely, maximum-ratio transmission and zero-forcing beamforming. In all scheduling schemes studied in the paper, there is a key parameter that controls the degrees of orthogonality of channel directions between co-scheduled users. We focus on optimally setting this parameter for each scheduling scheme such that the ergodic downlink sum-rate is maximized. To this end, we derive analytical expressions for the ergodic downlink sum-rate considering each scheduling scheme. Numerical results are also presented to provide further insights.
Non-destructive testing method for chip warpage -Applications of synchrotron radiation X-ray

Warpage has become a very critical reliability problem for the advanced electronic packaging technique. One or more chips are stacked on the substrates for a device. The device thus contains materials that have different physical properties. The most prominent problem would be the differences in the thermal expansion coefficient for these materials. During fabrication, thermal energy was applied to the chips; the expansion of these materials would induce thermal stress and warpage on the chips that would be harmful to the long-term reliability. When a current is applied to the device, the Joule heating may further enhance the warpage of the chips. Si-on-Si interposer samples are introduced to minimize the issue. It is important to develop a quick and non-destructive method to in-situ analyze the warpage level at different conditions. Synchrotron radiation X-ray is used for measuring the strain and the warpage of the Si dies.
Risk Assessment of Building Fire Safety Based on the Extension Theory

This paper presents a diagnostic assessment of fire safety by using the extension engineering method, which can also be applicable for all kinds of buildings. Firstly, we select one building as the object and formulate the main direction of fire safety assessment in accordance with its characteristics. The assessment is divided into sub-items, which are weighted by importance. And then, design the evaluation program by using the extension engineering method and enter the actual parameter values acquired from the object site to obtain the results of assessment. The results derived can serve as a guide for the improvement plan. In addition to equipment and facilities of the building for passive disaster prevention, it needs to make a careful assessment of internal management aspects of disaster prevention, accommodated persons, nurse-to-patient ratio, and so on.
LCL filter design based on non-minimum-phase stability region for grid-connected inverters in weak grid

The resonant stability problems of LCL filter have become big challenges for grid-connected inverter in weak grid. This paper takes the effect of non-minimum phase time delay on the ratio between resonance frequency and sampling frequency into account and use it to design the LCL filter. Both LCL resonance frequency and inverter-side inductor and filter capacitor related L1C resonance frequency are limited to a specific stability region considering the following factors: different computation delay, inductance variation and grid impedance variation in a large range. Associated with the maximum current ripple expression for inverter-side inductance calculation, three expressions can establish a simple and robust method to calculate LCL filter parameters without active damping. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the correctness of the developed model and control scheme.
Signalling Cost Evaluation of Mobility Management Schemes for Different Core Network Architectural Arrangements in 3GPP LTE/SAE

System architecture evolution (SAE) is one of the key challenges for the long term evolution(LTE) of 3G research, charted by 3GPP, aiming to develop a new core network for improving the IP based packet-switched network performance. This paper considers different mobility management schemes for different SAE core network architectural options proposed in 3GPP, and evaluates their performance according to signalling cost by using analytical modelling based on the random walk model. Our analysis shows that the mobility management performance of the different options on both Idle and Active mode. Regarding the architecture, options 2 and 3 have the best trade-off in total signalling cost performance in both modes and signalling load on each network node for system scalability. For mobility management, Proxy MIPv6 has shown that it is able to effectively reduce the signalling cost for mobility management for all architecture options.
Content Based Fast Intra Coding for AVS2

AVS2 is the new generation of video coding standard developed by the Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group of China. In analogies to HEVC/H.265, a more flexible CU (coding unit), PU (prediction unit) and TU (transform unit) based coding structure is adopted to represent and organize the coding data. For intra coding, AVS2 adopts quad tree based partition coding structure on CU level, and one CU can be alternatively split into four PUs, which is known as short distance intra prediction (SDIP). SDIP can improve the coding performance but bring in great complexity. In this paper, we propose a content based fast intra coding optimization algorithm to reduce the encoding time for AVS2 all intra coding. Firstly, the content flatness (CF) of the coding block is computed. Based on the achieved content flatness, whether to split the current coding block into the next coding depth and whether to perform SDIP can be adaptively determined. Secondly, the rough mode set (RMS) is adaptively selected according to the achieved CF. Thus the number of mode for rate distortion optimization (RDO) can be significantly reduced. Experimental results show that the proposed fast algorithm can achieve over 43% complexity reduction on average under all intra testing configuration, while the average efficiency loss is negligible.
In vitro study on the metabolism of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in mouse's tissues

The study was designed to investigate the characters of metabolism of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in mouse's tissues, basing on establishing a RP-HPLC method for determination of EGCG. And the results showed that there was a good linearity over the range 0.1-200.0 mg/L (r>;0.999). The recoveries were more than 85.0% in all tissue samples, and the intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 10.0% in all cases. So the RPHPLC method was readily applied for quantitative analysis of EGCG in rats' tissue samples. And it was fastest for metabolism of EGCG in plasma. But the metabolism of EGCG in tissue homogenates varied a lot. It was metabolized slowly in liver homogenate, while it was metabolized comparatively fast in small intestine and large intestine homogenates. And the pH value in large intestine played an important role in the metabolism of EGCG. Therefore, basing on the establishment of method for determination of EGCG in rat's intestine and feces, the characters of metabolism of EGCG were clarified, so as to provide a basic theory for exploring the metabolic fate and develop an advanced preparation of EGCG.
The Vibration Frequencies of Wind Turbine Steel Tower by Transfer Matrix Method

Large-scale wind turbine structure is simplified as a slender cantilever beam with variable sections subject to complex loads configuration. An analytical procedure to estimate not only natural frequencies but also vibration mode shapes of thin-walled tubular beam by transfer matrix method is presented. The dynamic transfer matrixes of bending and torsional vibration are derived from directly solving the governing differential equations of motion for bending and torsion vibration of a straight beam. A computer code is developed to finish the details of the frequencies and mode shapes of vibrations beam, while a transfer matrix procedure has been used in developing the code. Illustrative examples are worked out to show the excellent accuracy of the presented method by comparison with exact solutions by FEM simulation. It is believed that, transfer matrix method, which is simple, effective and validate, will be useful to the designer in obtaining dynamic behaviours of wind turbine structure for fairly complex beam loads.
Parallel Lasso for Large-Scale Video Concept Detection

Existing video concept detectors are generally built upon the kernel based machine learning techniques, e.g., support vector machines, regularized least squares, and logistic regression, just to name a few. However, in order to build robust detectors, the learning process suffers from the scalability issues including the high-dimensional multi-modality visual features and the large-scale keyframe examples. In this paper, we propose parallel lasso (Plasso) by introducing the parallel distributed computation to significantly improve the scalability of lasso (the <i>l</i><sub>1</sub> regularized least squares). We apply the parallel incomplete Cholesky factorization to approximate the covariance statistics in the preprocess step, and the parallel primal-dual interior-point method with the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula to optimize the model parameters. For a dataset with <i>n</i> samples in a <i>d</i>-dimensional space, compared with lasso, Plasso significantly reduces complexities from the original <i>O</i>(<i>d</i><sup>3</sup>) for computational time and <i>O</i>(<i>d</i><sup>2</sup>) for storage space to <i>O</i>(<i>h</i><sup>2</sup><i>d</i>/<i>m</i>) and <i>O</i>(<i>hd</i>/<i>m</i>) , respectively, if the system has <i>m</i> processors and the reduced dimension <i>h</i> is much smaller than the original dimension <i>d</i> . Furthermore, we develop the kernel extension of the proposed linear algorithm with the sample reweighting schema, and we can achieve similar time and space complexity improvements [time complexity from <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>3</sup>) to <i>O</i>(<i>h</i><sup>2</sup><i>n</i>/<i>m</i>) and the space complexity from <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>2</sup>) to <i>O</i>(<i>hn</i>/<i>m</i>), for a dataset with <i>n</i> training examples]. Experimental results on TRECVID video concept detection challenges suggest that the proposed method can obtain significant time and space savings for training effective detectors with limited communication overhead.
Multi-cell opportunistic beamforming in interference-limited networks

In this paper, we consider a cellular network operating according to the classical opportunistic beamforming and scheduling scheme. In a multi-cell network, interference is the main bottleneck on the communication rate, compared to noise. In this paper, we focus on deriving the ergodic downlink sum-rate scaling law for the system of interest considering an interference-limited regime (i.e., the high SNR region). More specifically, through deriving the moment generating function of the sum-rate, we show that the ergodic downlink sum-rate scales logarithmically as the number of users grows large. This result is different from the well-known double logarithmic sum-rate growth with increasing number of users due to the interference-limited assumption. Finally, numerical results are also presented to validate our analysis and provide further insights.
Prize-Collecting Data Fusion for Cost-Performance Tradeoff in Distributed Inference

A novel formulation for optimal sensor selection and in-network fusion for distributed inference known as the prize- collecting data fusion (PCDF) is proposed in terms of optimal tradeoff between the costs of aggregating the selected set of sensor measurements and the resulting inference performance at the fusion center. For i.i.d. measurements, PCDF reduces to the prize-collecting Steiner tree (PCST) with the single-letter Kullback-Leibler divergence as the penalty at each node, as the number of nodes goes to infinity. PCDF is then analyzed under a correlation model specified by a Markov random field (MRF) with a given dependency graph. For a special class of dependency graphs, a constrained version of the PCDF reduces to the PCST on an augmented graph. In this case, an approximation algorithm is given with the approximation ratio depending only on the number of profitable cliques in the dependency graph. Based on these results, two heuristics are proposed for node selection under general correlation structure, and their performance is studied via simulations.
Bipolar Modulation of the Output of a 10-GW Pulsed Power Generator

A bipolar Blumlein former has been designed and successfully implemented as an extension to an existing 10-GW-Tesla-driven Blumlein pulsed power generator. The new system is capable of generating a voltage impulse with a peak-to-peak value reaching 650 kV and having a high-frequency limit of the bandwidth well in excess of 1 GHz. Constructional details are provided, together with experimental results and analysis using the 3-D software modeling of the bipolar former that provides the results in good agreement with experimental data.