nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of 3-D Vertical Interconnect Using Support Vector Machine Regression

In this letter, the support vector machine (SVM) regression approach is introduced to model the three-dimensional (3-D) high density microwave packaging structure. The SVM is based on the structural risk minimization principle, which leads to a good generalization ability. With a 3-D vertical interconnect used as an example, the SVM regression model is electromagnetically developed with a set of training data and testing data, which is produced by the electromagnetic simulation. Experimental results suggest that the developed model performs with a good predictive ability in analyzing the electrical performance
Mining for profitable customers

Customers are not created equal. However, segmenting customers in terms of their profitability is still an underutilized approach in marketing nowadays. Many E-commerce sites still apply the same customer care to all customers without calculating whether the expected profit from a customer is greater than the marketing cost to her or not. In this paper, a decision theoretic approach to segmenting customers based on a RFM (recency frequency and monetary) model and network value has been proposed here.
Three-dimensional radiative transfer tomography for turbid media

The photon distribution, as a function of position, angle, and time, is computed using the analytical cumulant solution of the Boltzmann radiative transfer equation (RTE). A linear forward model for light propagation in turbid media for three-dimensional (3-D) optical tomography is formed based on this solution. The model can be used with time resolved, continuous wave (CW), and frequency-domain measurements in parallel geometries. This cumulant forward model (CFM) is more accurate than that based on the diffusion approximation of RTE. An inverse algorithm that incorporates this CFM is developed, based on a fast 3-D hybrid-dual-Fourier tomographic approach using multiple detectors and multiple sources in parallel geometries. The inverse algorithm can produce a 3-D image of a turbid medium with more than 20 000 voxels in 1-2 min using a personal computer. A 3-D image reconstructed from simulated data is presented.
A Reconfigurable Dual-Frequency Narrowband CMOS LNA Using Phase-Change RF Switches

This paper presents a dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) that can be reversibly configured between 3 and 5 GHz using a phase-change (PC) RF switch. Simultaneous noise and conjugate input matching is achieved at the two frequencies using a single PC RF switch and coupled source inductors, thereby minimizing integration complexity and enabling a compact design roughly equal in size to a single-band design. The PC switch has extremely low on-state resistance (1.5–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\Omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and parasitic capacitance (12–16 fF), and has a compact footprint (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 50~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). A chip containing the PC switch is fabricated in-house while the rest of the LNA is fabricated in a 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology. The two chips are combined using an in-house flip-chip integration process. Characterization from five prototypes fabricated in two batches is presented. The integrated LNAs achieved peak gain greater than 20 dB and minimum noise figure less than 2.9 dB in both the frequency bands while consuming a peak power of 7.2 mW from a 1.2-V supply. Comparison of the CMOS-PC prototypes with carefully designed control LNAs demonstrates the effectiveness of the PC switch for RF reconfiguration, which allows the reconfigurable LNA to achieve performance comparable to its nonreconfigurable counterparts.
High-performance Inversion-type E-mode In0.65Ga0.35As MOSFETs with ALD HfO2 as Gate Dielectric

In this paper, the authors have demonstrated high-performance inversion-type E-mode In0.65Ga0.35As MOSFETs using ALD high-k gate dielectrics such as ALD Al2O3 and HfO2 with a maximum inversion current as high as 1.05 A/mm and a peak transconductance of 0.37 S/mm. These results suggest In-rich InGaAs could be an ideal channel material which is easy to integrate with high-k dielectrics and has a higher electron effective mobility and a wide enough bandgap for low-power and high-speed CMOS applications.
A new wide-band 180° planar phase shifter network

A new wide-band 180° micro-strip phase shifter network on TP-2 is presented in this paper. The network is composed of coupled lines and double 45° open and short stubs, which are shunted at the edge points of the main line respectively. To demonstrate the design methodology, a new structure 180° phase shifter network, operated at 3.5∼5.5GHz, were designed and fabricated using the design graphs, and were experimented. The measured performances of the phase shifter network were well in agreement with the corresponding the simulation ones over the operating bands, and showed broadband phase characteristics.
Reachable Set Estimation and Decentralized Controller Design for Large-Scale Nonlinear Systems With Time-Varying Delay and Input Constraint

This paper investigates the problem of reachable set estimation and decentralized controller design for large-scale nonlinear systems, where time-varying delays and nonlinearities appear in interconnections connected to other subsystems. The Takagi–Sugeno model is used to describe each nonlinear subsystem. The aim of this paper is to design a decentralized state-feedback fuzzy controller such that the reachable set of the resulting closed-loop system with input constraint is bounded by an intersection of ellipsoids. First, a model transformation is proposed to reformulate the closed-loop system as several feedback interconnections with extra inputs and outputs. Then, based on a combined application of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the scaled small-gain theorem, the input–output approach is developed for the reachable set estimation and synthesis. Several conditions for the existence of a decentralized state-feedback fuzzy controller that ensures an ellipsoidal bound of reachable sets for the closed-loop system with input constraint are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
An analytical study on the performance evaluation of HVDC travelling wave protection

This paper presents an analytical method for the efficient performance evaluation of HVDC travelling wave protections (TWPs). Firstly, the analytical expressions of the relaying quantities are developed in time domain. According to that, the method that uses the expressions to analyze the protection performance is illustrated taking a typical TWP scheme for example. The focal points include threshold selection and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the analytical results are compared with the simulation results obtained in PSCAD. In this way, the validity of the analytical method is well verified; the limitation of the method is also discussed.
No-reference quality assessment of contrast-distorted images

Existing quality assessment methods of contrast-distorted images have excellent performance by obtaining information of reference images. However, in actual life, there are not any reference images. To deal with this problem, we propose a simple yet promising no-reference quality assessment algorithm based on the human perception features for contrast-distorted images. First, human visual perception image features are extracted, including perceptual contrast of image, skewness, variance and intensity distribution number of histogram. Then, BP network are utilized to find the mapping function between the feature set and mean opinion score or discrete mean opinion score(MOS/DMOS) given by anthropological observers. Finally, we give the quality scores of test images. Experimental results on CSIQ, TID2008, CID2013 and TID2013 show that our algorithm gives better performance than the state-of-the-art IQA methods.
A 3mm band microstrip single-diode frequency doubler using feed-forward technique

A 3mm band frequency doubler design was formed by using a novel technique of feed-forward. The output fundamental frequency is reduced by employing a λ/2 feed-forward transmission line parallel with a diode, LPF at input hand and BPF at ouput hand instead of using balanced structure with more diodes. This mode of feed-forward line reduces the complexity and difficulty of matching circuit. The input signal was sent in by a WR-19 waveguide-to microstrip transition, and the output signal was sent out by a WR-10 microstrip-to waveguide transition. The simulated output power reaches maximum value of 8.5 dBm when the input power is 13dBm. The rejection of both fundamental and third harmonic is greater than 30dB.
Enhanced 3-D Modeling for Landmark Image Classification

Landmark image classification is a challenging task due to the various circumstances, e.g., illumination, viewpoint, zoom in/out and occlusion under which landmark images are taken. Most existing approaches utilize features extracted from the whole image including both landmark and non-landmark areas. However, non-landmark areas introduce redundant and noisy information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve landmark image classification consisting of three steps. First, an attention-based 3-D reconstruction method is proposed to reconstruct sparse 3-D landmark models. Second, the sparse 3-D models are projected onto iconic images in order to identify images of the hot regions. For a landmark, hot regions are parts of a landmark which attract photographers' attention and are popularly captured in photos. These hot region images are later used to enhance reconstructed sparse 3-D models. Third, the landmark regions are obtained through mapping the enhanced 3-D models to landmark images. A k-dimensional tree (kd-tree) is then constructed for each landmark based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) features extracted from the landmark area to classify unlabeled images into pre-defined landmark categories. The proposed method is evaluated using 291 661 images of 51 landmarks. Experiments of comparison indicate that our method outperforms bag-of-words (BoW) based approach 18.5% and method of spatial-pyramid-matching using sparse-coding (ScSPM) 8.4%.
Thermal analysis of the via holes in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

This paper presents the comparison of the highest channel temperature of two different layouts-the individual source vias (ISV) and the mircostrip transmission line (MSL). The number of substrate vias and the dimension of metal electrode in layout are different for these two structures, which cause different thermal resistance and thermal capacitance. Considering the reality, it is reasonable to add the boundary conditions: air convection and the heat-sink convection. Thus more accurate channel temperature is obtained, which make a big difference on device reliability and is necessary for both physical model and equivalent circuit model. Variation trend of the thermal resistance at different temperature and different size of via holes are also analyzed. The results show that via holes have great influences on the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance.
A new region descriptor for multi-modal medical image registration and region detection.

Establishing accurate anatomical correspondences plays a critical role in multi-modal medical image registration and region detection. Although many features based registration methods have been proposed to detect these correspondences, they are mostly based on the point descriptor which leads to high memory cost and could not represent local region information. In this paper, we propose a new region descriptor which depicts the features in each region, instead of in each point, as a vector. First, feature attributes of each point are extracted by a Gabor filter bank combined with a gradient filter. Then, the region descriptor is defined as the covariance of feature attributes of each point inside the region, based on which a cost function is constructed for multi-modal image registration. Finally, our proposed region descriptor is applied to both multi-modal region detection and similarity metric measurement in multi-modal image registration. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed region descriptor.
Source access impedance model for AIGaN/ GaN HEMTs

Thermal noise caused by source parasitic impedance (Rs) is one of the most important noise mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. A physical based frequency dependent Rs model is proposed. This model has been implemented in the PUCEL model for validation purpose, and the results show that the minimum noise figure (Fmin) of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT is not linear but nonlinear against frequency.
A RFID data cache structure based on Dual T Tree for spatio-temporal query

RFID technology provides a powerful ability of perceiving the world for human and it produces vast amounts of data. how to store and analyze the mass information has become a new challenge. A novel data structure for management and storage of RFID data is proposed in this paper, which uses a improvement form of the T tree - T list of trees (Dual T tree) and a path encoding technique to build spatio-temporal memory structure efficiently. Based on the memory structure, this paper introduces the event processing and query analysis algorithms, called DTTSTQ, and analyzes the time complexity of the algorithm. Experiments on real and synthetical data prove the validity and correctness of the proposed structure and algorithms.
Multi-resolution Parameters Estimation for Polarization Sensitivity Array

Multi-resolution ESPRIT is an extension of the ESPRIT direction finding algorithm to antenna arrays with multiple baselines. A short (half wavelength) baseline is necessary to avoid aliasing, and a long baseline is preferred for accuracy. The MR-ESPRIT algorithm allows the combination of both estimates. The ratio of the longest baseline to the shortest one is a measure of the gain in accuracy. Because of various factors, including noise, signal bandwidth, and measurement error, the achievable gain in accuracy is bounded. We show how this can be used to construct a joint frequency-angle-polarization estimator.
Locomotion modeling of an actinomorphic soft robot actuated by SMA springs

The article introduces an actinomorphic soft robot that possesses a flattened body with a number of arms radially symmetric distributing and extending from robot central disc. Hence, mimicking radially symmetric musculature animals like starfish. The robot arm system, consisted of arm and smart material alloy (SMA) springs is the support structure as well as the robot propulsion device. A novel approach which regards robot movement as a spatial close-chain mechanism was applied to analyze the robot locomotion modal. The locomotion model of actinomorphic robot was built in virtual platform by synthesizing forward robot kinematics using modified Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) method, robot locomotion modal and robot motion equations under quasi-static approximation. At last, the experiment and simulation of a three arm actinomorphic robot were conducted, and they presented similar locomotion characteristics of movement rhythm and direction which prove the robot locomotion model available.
The optimal credit-risk decision mechanism under the non-equal collateral value

In this paper, we assume there are two types of borrowers in society: one is high-risk type and the other is low-risk type. We use the model in to study CRDM when they provide the non-equal collateral value for bank under imperfect information. We analyse and discuss the distinguishing methods to the risk under the non-equal collateral value. According to the different choices of the borrowers between interest rate and collateral requirements, the bank can distinguish risk sizes of their investment projects. The conclusions are that, under the non-equal collateral value, low-risk borrowers choose contracts with low interest rate and high collateral requirements whereas high-risk borrowers choose contracts with high interest rate and low collateral requirements. It shows that the bank can distinguish risk sizes of the borrowers' investment projects and reveal their private information. Therefore, the risky investors can be distinguished thoroughly in equilibrium credit market when the bank uses both interest rate and collateral requirements as means to distinguish risk.
The research of parking guidance and information system based on dedicated short range communication

Parking guidance and information system (PGIS) is a part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). As a new short-range wireless transmission technology. Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is a rock-bottom communication technique of ITS, which realizes the communication between roads and vehicles. In this paper, the DSRC system was introduced. The architecture of PGIS based on DSRC was built up. The information provided by PGIS, as well as its functions and characteristics, was discussed. The key problems in implementing PGIS were put forward.
The Value of Production Outsourcing: A Real Options Perspective

Production outsourcing is a good way to gain production flexibility and competitive advantage for manufacturers. This paper analyzes the value of production outsourcing and the effect of cost, product price and market demand on production outsourcing, which is considered as a series of European options. The manufacturer has the right to decide whether to outsource at each time interval. A discrete-time model in dynamic environment is designed to evaluate the options. In the model, manufacturing in-house and production outsourcing are supposed as two projects, and each one has its own value. If the value of outsourcing is bigger than that of manufacturing in-house, the manufacturer outsources its production. It's easy to make the decision in deterministic condition, but in dynamic environment it's not easy to do that. In this model, assuming there is no switching cost. And product price, market demand, cost of manufacturing in-house and cost of outsourcing are considered as the sources of uncertainty. Each of the four variables is assumed to follow a geometric Brown motion. Monte Carlo simulation is used to simulate these variables. The value of manufacturing in-house and the value of outsourcing are obtained based on the simulation. The manufacturer holds the option to manufacture in-house or outsource according to the result. The effect of some key parameters (volatility of product price, volatility of market demand, volatility of manufacturing in-house cost, volatility of outsourcing cost, and the coefficients of correlation) on option value of production outsourcing is analyzed, and numerical results are given. The novelty of the paper is that four variables are included in the real options model and Monte Carlo simulation, and real options approach is proved as a useful tool to help make decision of production outsourcing. The results will help the manufacturers to decide their production outsourcing
Application of CAN-bus to the control system of the TESTBED AUV

A new distributed control system using CAN-bus for our long-range autonomous underwater vehicle named TESTBED is developed. In the well defined hierarchical architecture, this control system consists of a task layer with the multi-function Tele-operator, a coordination layer with the Mission Management Center, and a control layer with the Navigation and Control Center and other execution-level controllers. All the control nodes communicate with each other through the CAN bus with the proper defined message frames. The real-time control and non-realtime tasks management are assigned to different control nodes, which make the whole system more reliable, maintainable, and easy to upgrade. In the real in-water experiments, the distributed control system fulfilled the multi-waypoints tasks, and the AUV executed the preprogrammed mission completely without any fault.
Concurrent-based analysis model of product development flow combining forward with backward chain

The pressure to shorten product development process has increased due to rapidly changing technology and customers' perceived needs. Many researchers address reducing product development time. These methods are, however, still time-consuming not well-structured. The push-pull model of product development flow (PPM-Flow) in this paper is concurrent-based analysis model by combining forward with backward chain. PPM-Flow is presented according to three kinds of relationship models. The reconstructing steps of product development process are described along with the methodology of reconstructing PPM-Flow. The method has been applied in the leading mechatronics company in China, which develops and manufactures automatic doors in trains or metro cars. The application result shows that product development cycle can be shortened using PPM-Flow.
Underwater image enhancement with an adaptive dehazing framework

In this paper, we propose a novel method to restore and enhance the underwater degraded images. Underwater images suffer from two major problems of distortion: scattering and color change. Scattering is caused by large suspended particles and color distortion is caused by the varying degrees of attenuation encountered by light traveling in the water with different wavelengths, rendering some characteristics which are different from the foggy images in the atmosphere. Our key contribution is proposed an adaptive dahazing framework for underwater image enhancement, which includes two main parts: adaptive underwater brightness estimation and locally adaptive histogram equalization. The enhanced images are characterized by more accurate exposure of underwater images, especially in the dark regions. And improved contrast for the better details and edges are enhanced significantly in the images. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method is comparable to higher quality than the state-of-the-art methods.
Automatic Vehicle Classification Based on Video with BP Neural Networks

The classification and statistics of the vehicles type in the road section are important parameters for the traffic management and control. The paper put forward the vehicle classification using image invariant moment and BP neural networks. First of all, road background is rebuild according to the serials images, and the background differences are used to segment vehicle region, invariant moment features are extracted for each vehicle region. The invariant moment features of vehicle will be the input of BP neural networks with three layers, and the vehicle type is classified according to the output of the BP neural networks. The test has verified the validity of this method.
Watt-Level Continuous-Wave and Black Phosphorus Passive Q-Switching Operation of Ho3+,Pr 3+:LiLuF4 Bulk Laser at 2.95 μm

Efficient continuous wave (CW) and passively Q-switched Ho<sup>3+</sup>,Pr<sup>3+</sup>:LiLuF <sub>4</sub> (Ho,Pr:LLF) laser operating at 2.95 <italic>μ</italic>m were realized using a 1150-nm Raman fiber laser as the pump source. A CW output power as high as 1.15 W, which we believe to be the highest one ever achieved from Ho <sup>3+</sup>-doped bulk laser emission around 3 <italic>μ</italic>m, corresponds to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 14.5% and a slope efficiency of 15.5%, respectively. A high-quality saturable absorber (SA) based on multilayered black phosphorus (BP) nanosheet film deposited on a CaF<sub>2</sub> substrate was successfully fabricated and employed. Under the absorbed pump power of 7.36 W, the shortest pulse width of 194.3 ns was obtained, which is the shortest among the two-dimensional materials as SA around 3 <italic>μ</italic>m. The results not only indicated that Ho,Pr:LLF crystal would be a promising mid-infrared (MIR) gain medium for obtaining high power output, but verified that the multilayered BP is a promising optical modulator for generating short pulses in MIR spectral range.