nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Desynchronization: A Possible Way to Resist Calibration Attack

In this paper$\footnote{The first author gratefully acknowledge the support received from Infosys Technologies Ltd., Bangalore, under the Infosys Fellowship Award}$ a new steganographic algorithm is proposed which can resist the calibration based blind steganalytic attack in JPEG domain steganography. The calibration attack is one of the most successful attacks to break the JPEG steganographic algorithms in recent past. One of the important features for the calibration attack is the prediction of cover image statistics from the stego image. To resist the calibration attack it is necessary to prevent the attacker from successfully predicting the cover image statistics from the stego image. The proposed algorithm is based on a concept of spatial desynchronization which can be used to separate out the embedding domain from channel domain. This domain separation helps to resist the prediction of cover statistics from stego image because the calibration of macroscopic properties become useless if embedding domain is different from channel domain. It is experimentally shown that the proposed algorithm has relatively high payload and is relatively less detectable against the calibration based blind steganalytic attacks than the existing JPEG domain steganographic schemes based on domain separation.
Explaining Price Dispersion in e-marketplace

It is predicted that the increased availability of information on ubiquitous Internet, search cost for information for product and service would be low enough to increase price competition, and reduce the price dispersion among products and services. However, studies are reporting conflicting results on this matter. Even the Internet has infiltrated our day to day commerce, it seems that price dispersion still exists even for popular commodities sold on Internet such as books. Through an experiment, this study explores (1) whether such a price dispersion exists, and (2) why this price dispersion still exists from the perspective of customer segmentation in relations to their search behavior. The results indicate that the scope and intensity of information search in on Internet is not as extensive as predicted. Despite the cost of search on Internet is much lower compared to physical visitation of shops, it may not be as low as we expected. Results also indicate that the traditional consumer segmentation may not be applicable to the consumers in e-marketplaces. Interestingly, brand loyalists have shown higher level of search activities than other groups.
Classification of infant cries using source, system and supra-segmental features

In this paper, source, system and supra-segmental features are explored for recognition of infant cry. Different types of infant cries considered in this work are hunger, pain and wet-diaper. In this work, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), residual MFCC (RMFCC), implicit LP residual features, features from modulation spectrum and time domain envelope features are used for representing the infant cry specific information from the acoustic signal. Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) are used for classifying the above mentioned cries from the features proposed in this work. GMM models are developed separately by using the proposed features. Infant cry database collected under telemedicine project (eNPCS) at IIT-KGP has been used for carrying out this study. The recognition performance of the developed GMM models is observed to be varying significantly based on the features. Results have indicated that, the proposed features have complementary evidences in view of discriminating the infant cries. For enhancing the recognition performance, GMM models developed using various features are combined using score level fusion. The recognition performance using combination of evidences is found to be superior over individual systems.
A web enabled system designed for managing Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination

Information Systems plays a very important role in modernization and improvement of work flow management of health care units. This paper proposes a secure web enabled system based on a multi-tier architecture to conduct Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. The system also manages the follow-up patients efficiently. It contains features, which make it able to be used as training kit for medical professionals. A HINE performance monitoring interface is also provided with the system, which gives a brief idea to the doctors regarding the health of the infants.
Infant cry recognition using excitation source features

In this work, source features are explored for classifying infant cries. Different types of infant cries considered in this work are hunger, pain and wet-diaper. The various excitation source features explored in this work are source features namely epoch interval contour (EIC), epoch strength contour (ESC), epoch sharpness, slope of EIC and ESC features. In this work Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) are used for classifying the different types of infant cries by utilizing the proposed features. Infant cry database collected under telemedicine project at IIT-KGP has been used for carrying out this study. The recognition performance using combination of evidences is found to be superior over individual systems.
A CMOS instrumentation amplifier with low voltage and low noise for portable ECG monitoring systems

A low voltage, low noise instrumentation amplifier (IA) applicable for Electrocardiogram signal acquisition system has been designed. The circuit is based on the current feedback topology which has been implemented using folded cascode structure at the input stage. It works at zero input common mode voltage with 1V supply. It has a wide input dynamic range of plusmn0.01 mV to plusmn1.2 mV. The voltage gain is 45 dB and it consumes 165 muW power. A high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 125 dB has been achieved. The integrated input referred noise is 3 muVrms (0.2Hz - 150 Hz). The design has been done in 0.18 mum standard CMOS process.
Color constancy in the compressed domain

This paper considers different algorithms for solving the color constancy problem in the block DCT domain. New algorithms in this domain have been proposed by exploiting the advantage of smaller data size and the better chromatic separation of Y-Cb-Cr color space (as used in the JPEG standard) against the R-G-B color space of the spatial domain. These make them faster and less memory intensive compared to their equivalent ones in the spatial domain without any significant degradation of the quality of the results.
Spectral slopes for automated classification of land cover in landsat images

In the literature, various techniques for supervised/ semi-supervised classification of satellite imageries require manual selection of samples for each class. In this paper, we propose a spectral-slope based classification technique, which automates the process of initial labeling of a set of sample points. These are subsequently used in a supervised classifier as training samples and it performs the task of classification over all the pixels in the image. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed classification technique in summarizing the changes in temporal image sets. For selecting the training samples from the satellite imageries, a set of rules is proposed by using the spectral-slope properties. We classify the land-cover into three classes, namely, water, vegetation, and vegetation-void, and validate the classification results using very high resolution satellite imagery. The approach has also been used in the analysis of images acquired by different sensors operating under similar wavelength ranges.
A 2D electrode-skin model for electrical & contact impedance characterization of Bio Impedance

Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an emerging technology for analysis and detection of abnormalities using physiological signals. An important factor in BIA is electrode-skin contact impedance. This contact impedance could act as a barrier for obtaining accurate bio-physiological signals (such as aortic pulse waveform). Hence in order to design such an instrument for BIA, we need to ideally model the contact impedance around the electrode-skin interface. This paper proposes a generalized 2D electrode-skin impedance model, that could be used to study the current density, electric field pattern, and various other electrical characteristics around the point of contact (electrode-skin). In this work we used a sinusoidal wave for the excitation purpose, but this model, being a generalized model, can be used to simulate different type of excitation pulse, and thereby observe the changes. The proposed model could be used by system designer, to design such instruments wherein human safety with regards to electric current is of paramount importance. The same model could also be used by researchers for carrying out simulations related to electrode-skin interface, and thereby determine electrical characteristics which might be of much importance. The model has been realized and simulated in Finite Element Solver, COMSOL version 4.4.
Automatic sleep spindle detection in raw EEG signal of newborn babies

In this study, a novel method for automatically detecting sleep spindles from a given raw EEG (Electroencephalogram) data is proposed. We do not use any feature extraction and learning technique. Rather, we model the visual perception of identifying rhythmic peaks within frequency range 11.5–15 Hz. To achieve the performance close to visual detection, we first use a Gaussian window for smoothening of the signal. Then peak detection method is applied for identifying visually distinguishable peaks. If the frequency of peaks lies within frequency range 11.5–15 Hz, then we declare existence of a sleep spindle. Validity of our process is determined by visual scoring of sleep spindles and comparing it with the automatic scoring. We get a specificity range of 89%–98% for a sensitivity range of 87%–96% which is better that any other automatic detection process.
Image deblocking by transcoding DCT blocks to wavelet subbands

In this paper, we show how the DCT blocks can be transcoded to wavelet subbands for image deblocking in the wavelet domain. The approach is based on the transcoding of DCT blocks to wavelet coefficient subbands directly in the transform domain. The transcoding uses filtering (wavelet analysis) along with re-sampling (down) operation in the block DCT space. To perform transcoding, linear filtering is used in the block DCT domain. In this technique, filtering is performed on the three adjacent blocks. The complexity is reduced by performing sampling rate change and filtering operations in a single combined step. The proposed approach achieves the quality as same as the spatial domain technique at a reduced computational cost.
COSPEDTree-II: Improved couplet based phylogenetic supertree

Phylogenetic supertrees synthesize a set of phylogenetic trees carrying overlapping taxa set, preferably with the consensus topologies of individual taxa subsets. Supertree construction is an NP-hard problem, and the methods based on decomposition and synthesis of fixed size subtree topologies (such as triplets or quartets) are the most popular. Time and space complexities of these methods, however, depend on the subtree size considered. Our earlier work proposed a couplet (taxa pair) based supertree method COSPEDTree, which produces slightly conservative (not fully resolved) supertrees. Here we propose its improved version COSPEDTree-II, which produces better resolved supertrees with lower number of missing branches, and incurs much lower running time.
Priority Based Pixel Domain Wyner-Ziv video coding using key frames

In this paper, we have proposed a Priority Based Pixel Domain Wyner-Ziv (PB-PDWZ) coding using the temporal correlation of the key frames. The proposed scheme classifies and prioritizes the Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frame information without applying any transform (e.g. Discrete Wavelet Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform etc) and yields attractive rate distortion performance with approximately no compromise in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) quality. At the same time it improves the rate distortion performance of the codec without adding any complexity due to no use of transforms. It have been observed that the gain of priority based system is more in low motion content video sequences with respect to high motion content video sequences.
Generation of groundtruth data for visual saliency experiments using image segmentation

In evaluating a model of a system, one should have the ideal response of the system as a reference. For evaluation of visual saliency models, one requires to obtain salient locations/objects in an image according to human visual system. In many experiments, eye-trackers are used for this purpose. But this technology is unavailable to many researchers. This paper deals with an alternate method of collecting groundtruth data. Salient locations are identified using a hand-eye coordination based approach. It does not require any instruments other than the usual computing resources. Then image segment based analysis generates groundtruth data which serves the reference for evaluating visual saliency models. The generated groundtruth data fits to the size and shape of the underlying objects.
Image Denoising by Scaled Bilateral Filtering

A nonlinear weighted averaging filter called bilateral filter depends mainly on two parameters. The spatial distance indicates the size, and the intensity distance indicates the contrast of the features to be preserved, with respect to a center pixel. Its simplicity in behavior and implementation makes it easily adaptable to many applications with minor variations. This paper brings out one such variation by using different scales of the image for computing the parametric functions of the filter. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique.
A spatial domain steganographic scheme for reducing embedding noise

In this paper, a new spatial domain block based encoding method is proposed which adds less noise during embedding. Proposed block based encoding scheme uses Single Digit Sum Encoding and Matrix Encoding to improve the embedding efficiency. We show analytically that the amount of additive noise due to embedding for the proposed scheme is less than both LSB matching in single bitplane and LSB replacement in multiple bit planes. Experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme shows better performance against Wavelet Absolute Moment Steganalyzer than LSB with single plane and LSB with multiple planes.
Android application for therapeutic feed and fluid calculation in neonatal care - a way to fast, accurate and safe health-care delivery

Delivering medical care to newborn babies in their early days of life, involves complex mathematical calculation for feeding, intravenous fluid and electrolytes requirements. Manual calculation of this process is time consuming and potential source of medical error. This work proposes a standalone Android application for newborn care unit, which can run in any handheld Android device like mobile phones and helps health-care professionals to calculate certain parameters regarding the feed and intravenous fluid to be given to a newborn baby. The parameters are - total fluid intake, Glucose Infusion Rate, energy, protein, lipid amount, electrolytes, etc. Its logic is based on the medical guidelines for feed and fluid management of newborn babies. It maintains consistency in a large set of inter-related variables using an existential abstraction approach excluding the possibility of having wrong proportions of dextrose, protein, lipid or fluid volume by showing error and warning messages wherever needed, which acts as a safety measure to avoid medication errors. The objective of the work is to make the medical calculation process faster, safer and accurate. A prototype of the application is being tested in a Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) in Kolkata,India for evaluation.
Assessment of vascular health using photoplethysmograph and a Two-Pulse synthesis model for patients under hemodialysis with End Stage Renal Disease

Degeneration of structural and functional properties of the arterial system is a well reported phenomenon with natural aging, and chronic systemic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia or chronic kidney diseases. A Two-Pulse synthesis model based on the digital volume pulse signal (DVP) obtained noninvasively by photoplethysmography (PPG) has been suggested as a simple, low-cost, portable technology to assess arterial degeneration and progress of such disease conditions . Studies on diabetic, hypertensive and both diabetic and hypertensive patients based on TPS model have been reported earlier . In this paper we report studies on the properties of degenerated arterial system in 14 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis. Though the results appear anomalous, a deeper understanding suggests interesting features of the diseased cardiovascular system of such patients.
Classification of infant cries using epoch and spectral features

In this paper, epoch and spectral features are explored for classifying infant cries. Different types of infant cries considered in this work are hunger, pain and wet-diaper. In this work, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), epoch interval contour (EIC) features are used for representing the infant cry specific information from the acoustic signal. The information contributed by the excitation source is different compared to vocal tract system. Excitation source specific features such as Epoch interval contour obtained from Zero Frequency Filtering(ZFF) method is explored in this work in addition to system based features. Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) are used for classifying the above mentioned cries from the features proposed in this work. GMM models are developed separately by using the proposed features. Infant cry database collected under telemedicine project at IIT-KGP has been used for carrying out this study. For enhancing the recognition performance, GMM models developed using various features are combined using feature and score level fusion techniques. The recognition performance using combination of evidences is found to be superior over individual systems.
1 V CMOS instrumentation amplifier with high DC electrode offset cancellation for ECG acquisition systems

A new circuit topology for a low voltage, low noise instrumentation amplifier (IA) applicable for electrocardiogram signal acquisition system is designed. This circuit is based on the current feedback topology, which is implemented using folded cascode structure at both input and output stages. This helps to sense very low common mode voltage. Achieved input common mode range (ICMR) is 71.43 – 700 mV. DC electrode offset cancellation circuit is realized to remove DC electrode offset along with the low frequency noise. The IA can withstand a high DC electrode offset of ±18 mV. It also has a wide input dynamic range of ±1 µV to ±1 mV. The voltage gain is around 38 dB. It consumes 110 µW power with a supply voltage of 1 V. A high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 80 dB is achieved. The integrated input referred noise is 1.64 µVrms (0.1 Hz – 150 Hz). This design is implemented in 0.18 µm standard CMOS process.
Way-finding Electronic Bracelet for visually impaired people

Way-finding Electronic Bracelet (WEB) for visually impaired (subject) is a portable embedded system for obstacle detection and way-finding. This MSP430G2553 processor based real-time system employs single Maxbotix MB1340 ultrasonic transceiver mounted on customized circular bracelet for detecting obstacle in the range 20 to 600 centimetres. Half duplex wireless communication is used for invoking vibrotactile and audio cues at receiver side. Maintaining a safety margin distance in front, left and right direction, WEB dynamically calculates obstacle distance (if any). Using on-demand hand movements, subject can understand surrounding situations and can perform successful way-finding. WEB system is available with choice of optimum hardware as per wearable comfort and requirement of subject. Preliminary trials on blindfolded subjects, WEB demonstrated substantial potential for cost-effective wearable real-time system with minimum physical interface for mobility of visually impaired people.
Isolating neighbor's contribution towards image filtering in the block DCT space

In this work, we present a simple expression relating the input, output and the filter responses in the block DCT space by isolating contributions of each neighboring block. The proposed technique considers only filters with non-causal symmetric response. The method provides the exact computation of the linear convolution in the compressed domain. Though it is computationally less efficient than existing techniques, the technique is simpler to implement and is suitable for parallel implementation. Further, it also provides a novel framework for computing with both sparse and non-sparse data at the same time and thus reducing the computational requirement substantially with significant improvement in the quality of the output.
A web-based electronic health care system for the treatment of pediatric HIV

HIV infection is one of the major health problems in today's world, especially in a developing country like India. The impact of HIV on the pediatric population is no less dreadful. Pediatric HIV is a subset of HIV which requires special attention. Efficient information management is one of the key issues in pediatric HIV treatment. Electronic Health Record (EHR) plays an important role in patient information management. In India, there is no availability of EHR system in the current Government hospital setup for pediatric HIV. To meet this requirement we have developed a web based EHR system to support treating pediatric HIV. The EHR is developed based on an existing web based telemedicine system iMedik, developed at IIT Kharagpur. In this paper we discuss the basic requirements to design an EHR for the treatment of pediatric HIV in India and how our proposed system fulfills those requirements to deliver better patient care. We also discuss different features of the EHR, system architecture and the security aspects of the system.
A Fast DCT Domain Based Video Downscaling System

In many multi-media applications DCT based digital video coding standards like MPEG are widely used. In certain applications like video database browsing, picture in picture etc., the video is required to be downscaled before transmitting it over the network. The naive spatial domain approach for video downscaling requires video to be fully decompressed. It requires huge computation time. The computation time greatly be reduced if all the computations are performed in the DCT domain. In this paper, we propose a fast DCT domain based video downscaling system. To reduce computational requirement, we have proposed efficient algorithms for inverse motion compensation. The sparseness of the DCT blocks are also considered for further reduction of computations. We found that our proposed system is 36 times faster than the spatial domain method and PSNR wise produces better quality downscaled video