nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Projective geometry methodology for head pose estimation using adaboost-LBP

Head pose estimation is a crucial and challenging mission in video-surveillance, human computer interaction (HCI) and visual focus of attention (VFOA). On missing depth information this procedure turns particularly complicated. As core fraction of surveillance, which is fundamental to simplify head pose estimation for high-efficiency production in order to construct a real time system. In this paper, a novel automatic real time head pose estimation system is proposed. It is defined as a hybrid projective geometry method, which presents an approach to reconstruct the depth information in related to the projective geometry information to solve the problem of depth information missing. Camera calibration, pose information and large training sets are not necessary. That is enough with face, eye, and nose information in the projective geometrical model on basis of AdaBoost-LBP. Ultimately, the presented method is experienced on some public datasets and real time webcam video data. It performs competitively with time cost 0.02 to 0.03s and mean error about 1° comparing with state of the art approaches, without additional hardware, supervision and training pose data.
A Model of High Voltage Electric Field Affects on Human Blood Based on LS-SVM

Nowadays, one of focus is the studies of the relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields and human health. This paper proposed a predict model that evaluate the time workers in high voltage electric field (HVEF) long-term work in safety. With the economical improvements power industry is developing in high speed. More and more people are working in HVEF. In this paper, a method was proposed, got a model of assessment based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). According to the model, we can predict the upper limit time working in HVEF is about 38.8 years. This result offers a reference for making power vocation criteria.
Frosting dynamic model of fin and tube heat exchanger based on R404A refrigerant

The model which represents fin and tube heat exchanger frosting process has been built based on the Reynolds transportation function and the three basic functions. The simulation result has result has credibility since it varies no more than 5 % compare to the test result. R404 has been widely adopted by facilities such as refrigerated storage. Entrance data can be altered by the model so it can simulate the frosting process, which is more convenient than traditional ways, and offers indication for the frosting or defrost practice.
Relay Assisted Adaptive MIMO Communication Using STBC, VBLAST, MLSTBC and HYBRID-STBC-VBLAST for MAC

In this paper, performance of STBC, VBLAST, MLSTBC and Hybrid-STBC-VBLAST is investigated in the presence of rayleigh fading for relay assisted multiple access communication. STBC provides diversity gain but does not provide multiplexing gain. On the other hand, VBLAST provides multiplexing gain but does not provide diversity gain. But combination of STBC and VBAST scheme such as MLSTBC and HYBRID-STBC-VBLAST provide both diversity and multiplexing gain. So, it is possible to improve the capacity of second hop for a relay assisted multiple access channel maintaining the reliability of system by using MLSTBC or Hybrid-STBC-VBLAST. The capacity of whole system also increases for using MLSTBC and HYBRID-STBC-VBLAST at relay. An adaptive MIMO transmission approach among STBC, VBLAST, MLSTBC and Hybrid-STBC-VBLAST is also proposed based on the capacity for relay assisted multiple access communication. The proposed scheme compares the capacity of STBC, VBLAST, MLSTBC and Hybrid-STBC-VBLAST at destination and selects the MIMO mode for highest capacity and sends feedback to the relay with two extra signaling bits. It consists of users where each user transmits STBC encoded information from two transmit antennas. STBC or VBLAST or MLSTBC or Hybrid-STBC-VBLAST is used depending on the feedback bits to re-encode the information at relay. Simulation and analytical results are presented to show the performance of the proposed system.
GBOOST 2.0: A GPU-based tool for detecting gene-gene interactions with covariates adjustment in genome-wide association studies

Detecting gene-gene interaction patterns is important to reveal associations between genotype and complex diseases. This task, however, is computationally challenging. For example, in order to exhaustively detect interactions of 1,000,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped from thousands of individuals, we need to carry out 5×1011 statistical tests. To address the computational challenge, Wan et. al.  proposed a fast method named BOOST to exhaustively detect interactions of all SNP pairs. BOOST completes pairwise analysis of 360,000 SNPs in 60 hours on a standard desktop PC. As the interaction tests of SNP pairs are highly parallel, Yung et. al.  implemented the BOOST method in GPU and named it GBOOST. GBOOST usually takes about one and a half hours to finish genome-wide interaction analysis of a data set containing about 350,000 SNPs and 5,000 samples using Nvidia GeForce GTX 285 dispaly card.
Remote sensing of global volcanic eruptions using Fengyun series satellites

The serious impact of volcanic eruption to aviation and the long term climate have gained widely public attention in recently years. China's meteorological satellites (Fengyun series) have gradually become an integral part of the global satellite observation system and also provide a new data source for monitoring global volcanic eruption. In this work, recent researches and applications about volcanic eruption using China's meteorological satellites was introduced. Our researches are mainly focused on three aspects, including "hot spot” detection using mid-infrared channels, volcanic ash detection using China's new generation polar-orbiting satellites (FY-3), and volcanic ash mass loading estimation. A new approach for quantitatively estimation of volcanic ash mass loading was proposed, which was developed in preparation for China's new generation of geostationary satellite FY-4. These study shows China's meteorological satellites and the algorithms developed based on these satellites have great potential to be used in future operational work.
Modeling and simulation of automobile braking system based on kinetic energy conversion

Fatal traffic accidents are related with the overlength braking distance and sideslip when the automobile is braked in an emergency. It is very important to study and improve the braking ability of the automobile. The anti-lock braking system (ABS) is the active method of increasing the braking ability. The ABS controller is the key to ABS. The modeling and simulation of the automobile braking system can be used in designing the ABS controller. The general braking model is built by analyzing the forces on the automobile body and it is difficult to be understood. A new method which establishes the braking model is presented in this paper. When the automobile is braking, the kinetic is worn down by frictions that come from the wheels and road, the wheels and the braking block. A single wheel mathematical model is deduced with this principle. The simulation models of this braking system and ABS are established. Simulations under Matlab/ Simulink are made. The braking distances obtained by the simulation are compared with the known data. The results show that the braking model based on the kinetic energy conversion is reliable. This method can provide a new way to analyze the automobile braking process.
A Single-Ended Disturb-Free 9T Subthreshold SRAM With Cross-Point Data-Aware Write Word-Line Structure, Negative Bit-Line, and Adaptive Read Operation Timing Tracing

This paper presents a novel single-ended disturb-free 9T subthreshold SRAM cell with cross-point data-aware Write word-line structure. The disturb-free feature facilitates bit-interleaving architecture, which can reduce multiple-bit upsets in a single word and enhance soft error immunity by employing Error Checking and Correction (ECC) technique. The proposed 9T SRAM cell is demonstrated by a 72 Kb SRAM macro with a Negative Bit-Line (NBL) Write-assist and an adaptive Read operation timing tracing circuit implemented in 65 nm low-leakage CMOS technology. Measured full Read and Write functionality is error free with VDD down to 0.35 V ( 0.15 V lower than the threshold voltage) with 229 KHz frequency and 4.05 μW power. Data is held down to 0.275 V with 2.29 μW Standby power. The minimum energy per operation is 4.5 pJ at 0.5 V. The 72 Kb SRAM macro has wide operation range from 1.2 V down to 0.35 V, with operating frequency of around 200 MHz for VDD around/above 1.0 V.
Short-term wind speed forecasting combined time series method and arch model

In order to improve the accuracy of the wind speed forecasting in the wind farm, this paper presents an ARIMA-ARCH model, which considers the heteroscedastic effect between the fluctuation of wind speed and the characteristics of the change of wind speed, to forecast the wind speed. First of all, the ARIMA model for the wind speed time series is built by SPSS. After that, the high lag order ARCH effect is found in the residual of the ARIMA model by Lagrange multiplier (LM) test. At last, the GARCH model is built for simulating the residual series and thus to construct the ARIMA-ARCH model. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method when comparing with the traditional ARIMA model.
Matrix completion with columns in union and sums of subspaces

Motivated by missing data recovery for power system monitoring, we study the problem of matrix completion when each column belongs to either one of a few low-dimensional subspaces or the sum of a subset of subspaces. This novel model "union and sums of subspaces" is a generalization of the model of a union of subspaces (UoS) studied under subspace clustering. It characterizes the low-dimensional nonlinear structure in high-dimensional data points. We propose a convex-optimization-based method to recover missing entries under this model and provide its theoretical guarantee. Numerical experiment on power system data is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Identification of “unobservable” cyber data attacks on power grids

This paper presents a new framework of identifying cyber data attacks on synchrophasor measurements. We focus on detecting “unobservable” cyber data attacks that cannot be detected by any existing detection method that purely relies on measurements received at one time instant. Leveraging the approximate low-rank property of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data, we formulate the unobservable cyber attack identification problem as a matrix decomposition problem where the observed data matrix is the sum of a low-rank matrix plus a linear projection of a column-sparse matrix. We propose a convex-optimization-based decomposition method and provide its theoretical guarantee in the attack identification. Numerical experiments on actual PMU data and synthetic data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Equivalent circuit analysis of inductively coupled NFC antennas

Near field communication (NFC), a wireless technology operating at 13.56 MHz, provides an efficient approach for short distance transmission. The mutual inductance is an important parameter which affects impedance matching and transmission efficiency for NFC applications. In this paper, we proposed a simple and effective method based on transmission matrix to calculate the mutual inductance. Thus, the relation between transmission coefficient and distance is established. Validity of this method is demonstrated by comparing simulation results from HFSS and ADS.
2µm emission property in Tm-Ho co-doped fluorophosphate glasses

2μm emission spectra of Tm-Ho co-doped fluorophosphate glasses are measured and investigated. When doping 4mol% TmF<inf>3</inf> and 1mol%HoF<inf>3</inf>, the most intense 2.0μm emssion is achieved. Combining the energy transfer processes, the reason is discussed.
Natural Storage Function for Passivity-Based Trajectory Control of Hydraulic Actuators

A passivity framework for hydraulic actuators is developed by considering the compressibility energy function for a fluid with a pressure-dependent bulk modulus. It is shown that the typical actuator's mechanical and pressure dynamics model can be obtained from the Euler-Lagrange equations for this energy function and that the actuator is passive with respect to a hydraulic supply rate which contains, in addition to the flow work (PQ), the compressibility energy also, which has often been ignored. A storage function for the pressure error is then proposed and the pressure error dynamics are shown to be a passive two-port subsystem. Trajectory tracking control laws are then derived using the storage function. A case study is presented to compare the new passivity-based approach and the traditional backstepping approach using a quadratic pressure error term. In this example, the proposed approach has one fewer parameter to tune, is less sensitive to velocity measurement error, and requires lower feedback gains than the traditional approach.
A Novel Ridge-Vane-Loaded Folded-Waveguide Slow-Wave Structure for 0.22-THz Traveling-Wave Tube

A novel slow-wave structure called ridge-vane-loaded folded waveguide combined with pencil electron beam has been proposed for millimeter-wave traveling-wave tubes. The high-frequency characteristics including the dispersion properties and the interaction impedance of this kind of structure have been analyzed by means of an equivalent circuit based on the transmission-line cascading network. The theoretical results agree well with those obtained by the 3-D electromagnetic high-frequency simulation software. The nonlinear interaction between the electron beam and the electromagnetic field is investigated with the help of the Computer Simulation Technology Particle Studio 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The PIC simulation results revealed that this kind of structure could produce about 56 W of peak output power at 0.22-THz when the cathode voltage and current of the pencil electron beam are set to 14.65 kV and 50 mA, respectively. Moreover, the maximum gain and interaction efficiency can reach 37.5 dB and 7.7% at 0.22 THz, respectively. A simulated 3-dB bandwidth of ~ 30 GHz is demonstrated.
Sketching for sequential change-point detection

We study sequential change-point detection using sketches (or linear projections) of the high-dimensional data vectors, and present a new sketching procedure, which is based on the generalized likelihood ratio statistic. We derive theoretical approximations to two fundamental performance metrics for the sketching procedures: the average run length (ARL) and the expected detection delay (EDD), and these approximations are shown to be highly accurate by numerical simulations. We also analyze the ratio of EDD between the sketching procedure and a procedure using the original data, when the sketching matrix A is a random Gaussian matrix and a sparse 0-1 matrix (in particular, a expander graph), respectively. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate that the sketching procedure can approach the performance of a procedure that uses the original data, even when the post-change mean vector is not sparse.
Multispectral Images Denoising by Intrinsic Tensor Sparsity Regularization

Multispectral images (MSI) can help deliver more faithful representation for real scenes than the traditional image system, and enhance the performance of many computer vision tasks. In real cases, however, an MSI is always corrupted by various noises. In this paper, we propose a new tensor-based denoising approach by fully considering two intrinsic characteristics underlying an MSI, i.e., the global correlation along spectrum (GCS) and nonlocal self-similarity across space (NSS). In specific, we construct a new tensor sparsity measure, called intrinsic tensor sparsity (ITS) measure, which encodes both sparsity insights delivered by the most typical Tucker and CANDECOMP/ PARAFAC (CP) low-rank decomposition for a general tensor. Then we build a new MSI denoising model by applying the proposed ITS measure on tensors formed by non-local similar patches within the MSI. The intrinsic GCS and NSS knowledge can then be efficiently explored under the regularization of this tensor sparsity measure to finely rectify the recovery of a MSI from its corruption. A series of experiments on simulated and real MSI denoising problems show that our method outperforms all state-of-the-arts under comprehensive quantitative performance measures.
Thermal stability of PVD TiN gate and its impacts on characteristics of CMOS transistors

The effects of rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) after source/drain (S/D) implant on the characteristics of CMOS transistors with sputtered TiN gate were investigated. Our results indicate that n/sup +//p junctions need higher thermal budget than p/sup +//n junctions to achieve low leakage performance. It was also found from C-V measurements that the flat-band voltage and oxide thickness are both affected by the annealing treatment, especially for p-channel devices. A hump in the subthreshold characteristics of p-channel transistors is observed, due to the existence of a leakage path along the isolation edge. It is also shown that the agglomeration phenomenon is easier to incur during the high-temperature RTA step as the metal gate width becomes narrower. When this happens, gate oxide integrity is degraded, resulting in increased gate leakage of n-channel transistors.
Characterization of plasma charging damage in ultrathin gate oxides

Charging damage induced in oxides with thickness ranging from 8.7 to 2.5 nm is investigated. Results of charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub bd/) measurements performed on control devices indicate that the polarity dependence increases with decreasing oxide thickness at room temperature and elevated temperature (180/spl deg/C) conditions. As the oxide thickness is thinned below 3 nm, the Q/sub bd/ becomes very sensitive to the stressing current density and temperature. Experimental results show that severe antenna effects would occur during plasma ashing treatment in devices with gate oxides as thin as 2.6 nm. It is concluded that the negative plasma charging and high process temperature are the key factors responsible for the damage.
Achieving the Optimal Delay-Power Tradeoff in Wireless Transmission with Arbitrarily Random Packet Arrival: A Cross-Layer Approach

Communication by wireless portable devices usually has a low energy efficiency and suffers from channel fading. Because of these limitations, assuring Quality of Service(QoS) such as low average transmission delay and packet loss rate under a given energy constraint is becoming an important problem. One efficient solution is considered as cross-layer scheduling which aims to improve the overall performance by combining various layers. With the awareness of random packet arrival in the network layer and channel state in the physic layer, a probabilistic scheduling strategy is proposed in this paper. More specifically, we focus on the arbitrarily random packet arrival distribution when building the system model. Based on the Markov chain model, a linear programming (LP) problem is formulated to minimize the average transmission delay under a given power constraint. Based on the solution of the LP problem, a threshold-based optimal schedule policy can be derived.
Time-frequency analysis of the thermoacoustic signals for early breast cancer detection

The time-frequency(T-F) characteristics of the microwave-induced thermoacoustic signals generated from the tumors inside the breast are analyzed by Choi-Williams Distribution(CWD). The signals are simulated by finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) codes, with the semi-round breast model. The results indicate that round-shaped and ellipsoidal-shaped tumors with different sizes and shapes have different CWDs, and therefore, this T-F technique has the potential to detect different tumors and estimate its sizes and shapes, and become a new diagnostic method for early breast cancer.
Anthropometric body measurements based on multi-view stereo image reconstruction

Anthropometric measurements, such as the circumferences of the hip, arm, leg and waist, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index, are of high significance in obesity and fitness evaluation. In this paper, we present a home based imaging system capable of conducting anthropometric measurements. Body images are acquired at different angles using a home camera and a simple rotating disk. Advanced image processing algorithms are utilized for 3D body surface reconstruction. A coarse body shape model is first established from segmented body silhouettes. Then, this model is refined through an inter-image consistency maximization process based on an energy function. Our experimental results using both a mannequin surrogate and a real human body validate the feasibility of the proposed system.
Design of SPWM inverter IP core based on SOPC

Based on FPGA and SOPC, IP core of pulse width modulation technique is studied in this paper. According to the principle of sinudoidal PWM by natural sampling, using VHDL and macro functions module design method, the design of PWM IP core on FPGA is achieved. Switching frequency and dead time are programmable. The functions of the IP core are simulated and tested. The results of simulation and experiment are shown.
A suboptimal TR algorithm with fixed phase rotation for papr reduction in MC-CDMA system

In this paper, a new suboptimal tone reservation (TR) algorithm with fixed phase rotation method based on Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) sequence is proposed to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. To decrease tone searching complexity of TR method, CAZAC sequences is utilized as initial tone candidates. To reduce searching time and remain excellent PAPR reduction performance, fixed phase rotation method is applied for the phase optimization of tone sequence to find final sub-optimal tone signals. In order to maintain average transmission power, additional constraint on the power of tone signals is supposed. Simulation results shows, by using CAZAC sequence as initial tone candidates and fixed phase rotation method for phase optimization, considerable PAPR reduction efficiency can be achieved accompanying with reduced computational time and system complexity compared with the traditional TR method.
A Saliency Dispersion Measure for Improving Saliency-Based Image Quality Metrics

Objective image quality metrics (IQMs) potentially benefit from the addition of visual saliency. However, challenges to optimizing the performance of saliency-based IQMs remain. A previous eye-tracking study has shown that gaze is concentrated in fewer places in images with highly salient features than in images lacking salient features. From this, it can be inferred that the former are more likely to benefit from adding a saliency term to an IQM. To understand whether these ideas still hold when using computational saliency instead of eye-tracking data, we first conducted a statistical evaluation using 15 state-of-the-art saliency models and 10 well-known IQMs. We then used the results to devise an algorithm, which adaptively incorporates saliency in IQMs for natural scenes, based on saliency dispersion. Experimental results demonstrate that this can give significant improvements.