nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Multicast Control in Mobile Internet

Internet and mobile communication technologies make rapid developments in recent years and have great influence on people's life. Controllable multicast is a hot research filed in wired access network. Based on the controllable multicast model, this paper discussed the controllable multicast implementation scheme in mobile internet. Aimed at the two layer model multicast mobility protocol, host-view and mobicast, we provide the controllable multicast scheme based on mobile Internet
A design of self-service speech explaining system based on RFID

With the development of tourism, intelligent electronic tourism guides are welcomed widely. In this paper, a self-service tourism guide system based on RFID was designed. The system consists of RFID tags and handheld terminals. Handheld terminal includes ZLG500BTG+ module, VS1003 audio decoder module, SD card data storage module. It implants FAT32 file system, and can use data redirection function to deal with data, which makes the microcontroller complete the main control function of the whole system with less hardware resources. The system is suitable for the museums, exhibitions, and other intensive places.
Research on the method of parallel software PLL

In order to improve the efficiency of software PLL(SPLL), a method of parallel SPLL based on the redundant data is presented according to the data block transmission mode in the virtual radio system. The method keeps the basic structure of PLL, avoids the affection on the performance of SPLL by discontinuous parallel data block. It also makes good use of the parallel capability of computer, improves the parallel efficiency and is convenient to be realized by software. This paper discusses the basic theory and the course about the method, and analyses the performance of real-time with acceleration ratio, parallel efficiency and multithreading. The results of simulation show that the parallelized SPLL has the very similar tracking precision and dynamic performance as the single SPLL. The performance of real-time of this method is proved valid by demodulation PM signal on the general computer.
Circuits and Implementation of a Low-Power Embedded EEPROM Memory

A 2-Kbit low-power embedded EEPROM memory, which is based on SMIC 0.35 mum three-metal two-poly mixed signal CMOS technology with embedded EEPROM technology, has been developed. Key design techniques of power dissipation optimization for EEPROM memory are described. Optimizations of the current consumption for the charge pump circuit are treated in this paper. To optimize the read access power consumption, a new SA (sense amplifier) using voltage sensing is proposed
Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design

Wave backpropagation is a concept that can be used to calculate the excitation signals for an array with programmable transmit waveforms to produce a specified field that has no significant evanescent wave components. This concept can also be used to find the field at a distance away from an aperture based on measurements made in the aperture. For a uniform medium, three methods exist for the calculation of wave propagation and backpropagation: the diffraction integral method, the angular spectrum method, and the shift-and-add method. The boundary conditions that are usually implicitly assumed by these methods are analyzed, and the relationship between these methods are explored. The application of the angular spectrum method to other kinds of boundary conditions is discussed, as is the relationship between wave backpropagation, phase conjugation, and the time-reversal mirror. Wave backpropagation is used, as an example, to calculate the excitation signals for a ring transducer to produce a specified pulsatile plane wave with a limited spatial extent.
Locating stuck faults in analog circuits

A new approach is proposed in this paper to detect the stuck faults in linear analog circuits. Ideal switches are inserted to indicate stuck-at, bridging and stuck-open locations. Then the resulting circuit is analyzed and stuck faults are directly identified. A recently developed method for multiple analog fault diagnosis is used eliminating a need for fault dictionary approach. The effect of locating stuck-at, bridging and stuck-open faults is modeled With full precision of resulting test conditions. An analog IC /spl mu/A741 - is given as an example.
Recent Developments in Digital Control Strategies for DC/DC Switching Power Converters

In this paper, an overview of recent advances in digital control of low- to medium-power dc/dc switching converters is presented. Traditionally, such dc/dc converters have been almost exclusively controlled through analog electronics methods. However, with the steadily decreasing cost of ICs, the feasibility of digitally controlled dc/dc switching converters has increased significantly. This paper outlines some of the existing design challenges related to digital control and reviews a sample of recently proposed solutions. In addition, present-day research pertaining to applications such as online efficiency optimization, controller autotuning, and specialized nonlinear control is presented. Such applications demonstrate the true advantages and potential of digital control as their complexity prevents practical implementation in the analog domain.
Decentralized H∞ control for attitude coordination of spacecraft formation

In this paper, a robust H∞ decentralized controller is proposed for attitude coordination of spacecraft formation flying with external disturbance based on the relative attitudes and angular velocities of neighboring spacecraft. The controller is composed of nonlinear terms for performance enhancement and linear terms for attitude coordination and stabilization. The proposed control method guarantees the attitude alignment with zero final angular velocity and robust disturbance attenuation for spacecraft formation when the communication topology is connected. A feature of the proposed approach is that the robust H∞ controller parameters can be obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which makes the design more transparent. Finally, the numerical simulations of a spacecraft formation are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed consensus algorithm.
Dynamic Portfolio Analysis Based on Realized Higher Moments

Realized higher moments, which are the expansion of realized volatility in high-frequency time series, is proposed in the paper to measure the time-varying financial risk. The dynamic assets allocation is settled by Taylor series expansion of utility function. We apply realized higher moments to portfolio analysis, and derive dynamic portfolio strategy. Our model repair two defects in traditional portfolio theory, without considering higher moments risk and settle problem statically. High frequency financial data in Chinese stock markets are selected to make empirical research. The empirical results show that higher moments risk possess volatility cluster, and dynamic portfolio is obviously superior to static portfolio.
Quality-biased rate allocation for compound image coding with block classification

In this paper, we propose a novel rate allocation method for compound image coding using Quality-biased Rate-Distortion Optimization (QRDO) technique to enhance visual quality. The compound image is divided into 16 times 16 blocks, which are further classified into four types: smooth, text/graphics, continuous tone and hybrid blocks. Four carefully designed coding approaches according to different statistical features are introduced to compress them, and rate-distortion tradeoff with QRDO technique is considered to decide which approach should be used for each block. The quality of "text" regions is specially emphasized during this process by weighting blocks according to their types, which is verified by experimental results
Surveillance video coding with dynamic textural background detection

Texture scenes like flickering flames, swaying tree branches, flowing water exhibit a complex stochastic motion character. It presents a great challenge to compress these dynamic texture efficiently even with the state-of-the-art video encoder. Furthermore, these contents only contain a little helpful information in surveillance analysis. In this paper, we propose an approach for compressing the dynamic textures in the surveillance video. In the proposed scheme, the dynamic texture contents are detected by the histogram of motion direction (HMD) algorithm, and then removed at the encoder, these dynamic texture contents will be restored at the decoder directly. Objective and subjective results are presented, demonstrating that the proposed approach provides about 8.7% bitrate saving with visually plausible dynamic textures in comparison with High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC).
Developing RDF-based Web Services for supporting runtime matchmaking and invocation

In our previous research, we proposed an Autonomous Matchmaking Web Services (AMWS) framework, in which Web services broker themselves to notify the service registry whether they are suitable to the service requests. This framework is designated to more efficiently work for dynamically assembling services at runtime in a massively distributed environment. The central point of the AMWS is to use RDF (Resource Description Framework) to carry all exchanging messages. However, the implementation detail has not been discussed yet. In this paper, we focus on showing the two most important implementation parts of (1) transforming existing services to become AMWS compliant services that can consume and produce RDF messages; (2) service semantics can be annotated and self-brokered by using our developed Development Time Semantic Annotation and Lowering (DtSAL) Library at programming time.
H∞ control using tensor product model transformation

In this paper a combined controller composed of the H∞ virtual controller and the sliding mode controller is proposed to improve the rigid spacecraft robustness. Considering the strong nonlinearity of the spacecraft dynamics, tensor product (TP) transformation is applied on the linear parameter varying (LPV) model which is obtained from the attitude kinematics system. The TP-based H∞ controller can be optimized by linear matrix inequality (LMI) tools off-line. Moreover, an integral sliding mode (ISM) attitude controller which enhances the robustness of the whole system is designed to track the output of the proposed H∞ virtual controller. The global stability of the nonlinear system can be guaranteed in large attitude maneuver with external disturbance and inertia uncertainties. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A Choreography Approach for Value-Added Services Creation

The Value-Added Service (VAS) is one of the most important source of revenue for the telecommunication operators. With the convergence of the Internet and telecom network, VAS combined with Internet service functionalities and telecommuni- cation service functionalities have attracted much more attentions from both academic and industrial communities. In this paper, we firstly give a quick survey on the topic of service creation in the past decades, and after analyzed the shortcomings of these state- of-art methods, we propose some requirements or indicators that the service creation environment (SCE) should meet. Then we introduce a choreography based solution to provide personalized services which composed by a set of collaborative services. At the end of the paper, we evaluated the SCE with the indicators above and confirmed its soundness and feasibility. Index Terms—Value-Added Service, service creation, service choreography, web service
Study of NMOSFET substrate current mechanisms in the temperature range of 77-295 K

Substrate-current mechanisms in NMOSFET's in the range of 77-295 K are investigated. It is found that electron mean-free path is temperature independent with a value of about 7.6 nm. Although the maximum channel electron energy at low temperatures is a little larger than at 295 K the reduced impact ionization results in an increase of the substrate current less than one order of magnitude. With these mechanisms, simulation and experiment are in a fairly good agreement.
Notice of RetractionThe Screening of Microbial Flora with the Ability to Degrade Cellulose

A microbial flora with capable of degrading cellulose was obtained from soil in this study. The microbial flora can degrade cellulose in a tolerance of pH and the culture. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analyses based on 16S rDNA showed that the flora community contained 8 species of microorganism and it remained constantly after one-year's incubation.
Block-Composed Background Reference for High Efficiency Video Coding

A block-composed background reference method is proposed in this paper for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). For a group of picture (GoP), the first reconstructed picture is served as an initial background reference, which probably includes foreground content. In the subsequent coding, some background coding tree units (CTUs) in every picture are selected to be compressed with high quality. These reconstructed CTUs are used to update the background reference as well as replace the foreground content. Finally, a high-quality background reference is generated to better exploit the long-term temporal correlation in the video. There are three key technical contributions in the proposed coding scheme. First, the background reference is generated gradually by block updating instead of picture updating, which makes the scheme free of bit-rate burst and more suitable for real-time applications and can generate high-quality background reference even with complicated foreground. Second, we propose an approach to select background CTUs by taking both temporal and spatial smoothness into account. Third, we propose a model to decide the coding parameters of the selected background CTUs based on the overall picture activity, which essentially pursues the GoP-level optimal performance when making CTU-level decision. The proposed background reference is implemented into HEVC, and the experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in coding efficiency. Compared with HEVC, our method can averagely save 14% bits in surveillance and conferencing sequences with negligible increase of encoding and decoding complexity. In particular, it can still averagely save 7.3% bits in HEVC general test sequences. Obviously, the proposed scheme can be applied to more general video contents.
Hierarchical optimization control strategy for electric vehicle in active distribution network

Coordination managing and controlling the various intermittent energy, energy storage, and controllable load, active distribution network can increase the ability of renewable energy interconnection to distribution network. In this paper, considering the randomness of charging time and the fluctuation of intermittent energy output and load, an electric vehicle charging control strategy based on hierarchical optimization of active distribution network is proposed. On the decision layer, within long-time scale, optimization plan of electric vehicle charging is calculated based on the car charging information, the prediction of load and the intermittent energy on the feeder line. The optimization goal of the charging plan is to reduce the feeder exchange power fluctuation. On the terminal layer, within short-time scale, the charging pile adjusts the charging power in real time according to the feeder control error, so the feeder exchange power will keep stable near the optimal value. Eventually, a case study shows the effectiveness of control strategies.
Interrupter pressure measurement of a 252 kV SF6 circuit breaker

The transient pressure process, which determined the gas blasting in the interrupter of SF6 circuit breaker, have attracted the attention of designer and developer for long time. In this investigation, a on-load SF6 interrupter pressure measurement method was established with piezoresistive pressure transducer and insulating-tube. The pressures in the puffer cylinder, at the upstream, throat and downstream of nozzle have been measured. The difference of gas blowing characteristics between N2 and SF6 has been pointed out. The insulating-tube can effectively protect the pressure transducer from the high voltage and high temperature during on-load interrupting. It was found that the arc process can cause high frequency oscillations to superimpose upon the pressure waveforms during on-load interrupting.
Experimental verification of the quantum detection in passive rubidium frequency standard

Passive rubidium frequency standard is widely used in communication and navigation. Wahlquist and Arndt have given the mathematical model of quantum detection in Passive rubidium frequency standard, using Fourier series expansion. Vanier and Audoin once mentioned that we could get this model by using Taylor series expansion, and provided their mathematical expression. Based on this foundation, our paper derived the process of Taylor series expansion in detail by using the block diagram of passive rubidium frequency standard, and verified this model by preliminary test.
Accurate Traffic Classification with Multi-threaded Processors

Nowadays traffic classification is a fundamental process for Internet traffic management devices and Internet applications need accurate, high performance and scalable traffic classification. Traditional traffic classification is inaccurate and elementary because they are based on imprecise transport layer port method and have unacceptably memory access latency in packet processing. In this paper, we discuss an accurate multi-stage traffic classification in gigabits Internet traffic management systems using multi-threaded processor. Firstly, we address the problem of inaccurate packet classification and analyze payload of applications and standard protocols. Secondly, we present a multi-stage traffic classification using packet header fields and payload string. Finally, we present the software pipeline architecture and hardware design for our approach with network processor. We used our approach to monitor a carrier's backbone node for a month. Compared with traditional methods, the multi-stage traffic classification has 91% accuracy in a real network environment.
Deep network-based image coding for simultaneous compression and retrieval

Images on the Internet are usually in the form of compressed bitstream to save storage. To fulfill content-based image retrieval (CBIR), image features are also required to be stored in binary form. Can the bitstream of images and image features be unified and further condensed? Is it possible that the same binary code serves for compression and retrieval simultaneously? To address this problem, we make preliminary studies on a deep network-based image coding scheme in this paper. We first train a deep network for compressing images into bitstream, and then train another deep network for extracting image features as binary vector. We then combine the above two networks, and finetune the combined network using triplets of images for the task of CBIR. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves a compression ratio of 5.3 for 32×32 thumbnails, outperforms JPEG at similar compression ratios, and the resulting code is directly available for CBIR. Our work indicates a promising direction of simultaneous image compression and retrieval.
Adaptive speckle reduction with color transparency display [in medical US imaging]

We present an adaptive speckle reduction method and a display technique in medical ultrasonic imaging. The speckle reduction algorithm defines a reference histogram that is derived from a known speckle region. Smoothing is applied to each region based on the similarity of that region's histogram to the reference histogram. Regions of the original image are then classified into one of five categories: cyst, hypoechoic, mean speckle, hyperechoic, and edge; producing a color-coded, feature-segmented image. This feature-segmented image is then merged with the original image to produce a color transparency image. This final image preserves the detail of the original grayscale image while enhancing features extracted from the speckle reduced image.
Electron-Beam Evaporated Superconducting Titanium Thin Films for Antenna-Coupled Transition Edge Sensors

Superconducting titanium thin films are good candidates for transition edge sensors. In this paper, we deposit titanium thin films on cooled silicon-on-insulator substrates by using electron-beam evaporation. The deposition rate dependence of the film stress, resistivity, and superconducting transition temperature are presented and analyzed. The relationship between film electrical properties and thickness is discussed. For investigating the heating influence on thin Ti films, a depth profile of oxygen diffusion in the films is also analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
An Intelligent Video Transmission Protocol in Grid

The success of Internet allows us to access remote data by using the TCP/IP protocol suite. However, bandwidth and delay have a crucial impact on the quality of a video stream delivered over IP connection. So causal ordered grid architecture is proposed to provide a novel transport protocol to the time-sensitive and ordering-critical video applications. But it indicates that the value of Delta is a system parameter and could not be changed in running time. In fact, the fixed Delta value could not reflect the current network status and different video frame types and sometimes result in poor video quality. We propose an adaptive intelligent Delta-causal ordering protocol based on fuzzy neural network to real-time dynamically choose Delta value according to the current network conditions and delivering video frame types. Experimental results show our algorithms achieve good tradeoff between reliability and real-time performance than fixed Delta value algorithm
Orthonormal wavelet-based contourlet transform coding using an EBCOT-like algorithm

In this paper, an image coding algorithm based on a rate-distortion optimized wavelet-based contourlet transform (WBCT) decomposition and on a block-partitioning coding scheme which quantizes each subband separately is proposed. In this way, our algorithm naturally overcomes the difficulty in defining parent-child relationships for wavelet-based contourlet subbands, which exists in the zerotree based methods. The main merit of the proposed method is that the Wavelet-Based Contourlet Transform (WBCT) can provide optimally sparse representation of objects with singularities along c2 edges. The experimental simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms SPIHT and JPEG2000 schemes and also surpasses recent WBCT based image coding algorithms, in terms of both the PSNR-rate curves and visual quality.
Recognition of Off-Line Handwritten Chinese Character by Using Decision Tree Based on Hiberarchy Decomposition

Decision tree based on hiberarchy decomposition is a kind of improved ID3 algorithm. It splits the training set by choosing different key attributes in different layers according to the correlation between classes and attributes. Compared with traditional ID3 algorithm, its rules are simpler and more general. This paper uses the hiberarchy decomposition methods as well as the C4.5 algorithm and makes some adjustments to deal with the recognition of off-line handwritten Chinese character by constructing a multi-level decision tree. At last, get a scheme of rough classification and analyze the results with different attributes. Compared with the single decision tree, the decision tree based on hiberarchy decomposition has more advantages when dealing with the multi-class problem. Experiment results show that this new method has better accuracy rate.