nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A 150GHz amplifier based on coupled transmission line neutralization with 22dB gain in 65nm CMOS

A four-stage common-source (CS) amplifier is designed in a 65 nm CMOS process for the unlicensed D-band. Each stage bases on the technique of coupled transmission line (T-line) neutralization to achieve high performance. Transmission line is also used to provide inter stage impedance match together with transformers. T-junction network is used for input and output matching. With the proposed techniques, simulations show that the proposed circuit achieves a gain of 22 dB along with a 3dB bandwidth of 9GHz, and a power consumption of 33 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
A novel harmonic control approach of distributed generation converters in a weak microgrid

This paper proposes a novel approach to compensate the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) and the grid line current harmonics through a distributed generation (DG) interfacing converter in a weak microgrid. In the proposed approach, the PCC voltage is indirectly derived from the measured converter output voltage, DG line current and line impedance. A voltage closed-loop controller and a current closed-loop controller are designed to achieve both functions of DG real power generation and PCC harmonics compensation. Therefore, the traditional harmonic measurement devices installed at the PCC as well as the long distance communication between the PCC and the converter are fully eliminated. In order to avoid overcompensation, a harmonic current limitation algorithm is implemented in the control loop. bBy properly dispatching the harmonic compensation capability, multiple DG unites can be connected to the same PCC in parallel with the same compensation function. Furthermore, the proposed control approach can be extended to a multi-bus microgrid, where the line impedance cannot be ignored. Matlab simulations and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A 3.45–4.22 GHz PLL frequency synthesizer with constant loop bandwidth for WLAN applications

A fully integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer for WLAN applications is designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS process. In order to make the loop bandwidth constant across the whole operating frequency range, a switched varactor array based LC-VCO is used to achieve a low KVCO variation, the charge pump current is programmed proportional to division ratio, and the variation on LPF resistance is cancelled by a matched reference resistance in a band-gap. By combination of these techniques, a constant loop bandwidth is achieved over the entire output frequency range. The proposed PLL attains less than ± 4% variation in loop bandwidth over an operating frequency range from 3.45 to 4.22 GHz. The chip consumes 21.1 mW of power while occupying an area of 0.88 mm2.
Array enhanced logical stochastic resonance in the presence of delta correlated noise

In the presence of noise floor, we investigate the logical stochastic resonance phenomenon in a parallel array consisting of bistable devices, which is driven by various cycling combinations of logic inputs. The probability of the correct logic output is calculated according to true table of logic relationships. In contrast with a single system, the significant logic response can be extracted in a wider optimal window of noise. Increasing the array size tends to expand the effective working parameter domain in which the reliable logic operation is able to occur. It is also demonstrated that the array enhanced logical stochastic resonance has a saturating effect at larger array size. The small or medium array size is good enough for one to obtain reliable logic operation. The present structure can be realized by a set of CMOS based circuits or nanoelectronic devices, and further work as the basic ingredient of general purpose hardware that has the potential for the reconfigurability.
Combined Symbolic and Concrete Execution of TTCN-3 for Automated Testing

Testing procedure can be described by the testing and test control notation-version 3(TTCN-3). The automatic execution of TTCN-3 test scripts is transformed to automatic testing of system under test (SUT). We propose a framework, which uses combined symbolic and concrete execution of TTCN-3 test scripts to automatically generate test inputs for most of the feasible paths. Meanwhile most of the test procedures are accomplished automatically, which can reduce testing cost and better testing effectiveness. Structured values and function calls are the common difficult problems in symbolic execution. We propose a lazy symbolization mechanism to decrease the amount of symbolic values when structured values are processed. And we also propose combined condition and assignment statements to describe functions. We apply our framework to some public fragments of TTCN-3 test scripts. The results are encouraging.
Back-iron effect of tubular linear motors with dual Halbach permanent magnet arrays

Ferromagnetic materials affect magnetic field distribution and force output of electromagnetic motors significantly. This paper studies effect of back iron on tubular linear motors with dual Halbach array. The structure and operating principle of linear motors with dual Halbach array are presented. Numerical method in Ansoft environment is employed to compute the magnetic field and force output of linear motors with various types of back iron patterns including designs with internal back-iron, external back-iron, double-sided back-iron, and without back-iron. The study shows that the employment of back irons does help to enhance magnetic field and increase force output of electromagnetic linear motors with dual Halbach arrays.
Compact integrated solar energy generation systems

Solar energy generation systems, or any renewable systems, usually include energy storages, local dc loads and grid-tied dc-ac inversion stages. Almost always, these entities have their own power converters for processing the intermediate solar energy transferred through the systems. Having individual converters does have some advantages like more flexible individual control and easier design, but it does not provide opportunities for merging functionalities, needed for reducing the overall semiconductor count, and hence a more compact integrated design. Addressing this latter concern, a number of integrated solar energy generation systems using 25% lesser semiconductor is proposed here for either single-phase or three-phase realization. The proposed systems allow various combinations of solar sources, energy storages and local loads to be compactly assembled for either grid-tied or standalone usage, and through proper control, the overall systems can still deliver the same levels of performances as their traditional correspondences. For verifying the practicality of the proposed integrated systems, simulation is first performed.
Circuit Design and Verification of On-Chip Femto-Ampere Current Mode Circuit Using 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS Technology

Recently, femto-ampere current mode circuit (FCMC) implemented in modern CMOS technology is in high demand in areas like integrated bio-sensor research and production, ultra low current analysis and detection, gauging instrument design and manufacturing and etc. In this paper, on-chip circuit modules in FCMC including femto-ampere current mirror (FCM) and generator (FCG), femto-ampere current mode amplifier (FCMA) and its differential structure, as well as the on-chip femto-ampere current reference (FCR) have been presented and verified in SMIC 0.18mum CMOS process by using proposed deep subthreshold MOSFET (DSMOS) technique. Meanwhile, optimization of DSMOS dimensions has also been actualized to diminish low frequency noises and leakages
A robot visual servo-based approach to the determination of next best views

In automatic 3D reconstruction, determining next best view (NBV) is the key problem for continuous automatic view planning. The mass vector chain (MVC) is one of the classical methods, but it can only determine the NBV direction. A visual servo-based approach is proposed in this paper for determining the orientation and direction of NBV. In the proposed approach, the 2-1/2-D visual servoing is used and modified in which MVC method is employed for orientation control and the image-based visual servoing is employed for position control. The MVC method is used in an open-loop, which decreases the dimensionality of the image Jacobian. The experimental results show that the proposed method can guide the robot to the desire views automatically. The final 3D reconstruction surface of an object is basically complete, only with a few tiny blind areas due to too many concave small surface patches of the object.
2×2 multimode optical switch for large-capacity on-chip optical interconnect

We propose a silicon 2×2 optical switch which can simultaneous manipulate wavelength division multiplexing and mode division multiplexing signals. It is composed of broadband mode multiplexers, demultiplexers and single mode optical switch elements. For demonstration, we design and fabricate a prototype device using asymmetric directional coupler and Mach-Zehnder optical switch elements which can manipulate four modes and multi-wavelengths from 1525 nm to 1565 nm. The optical crosstalk is less than 18.9 dB and the 10%–90% switching time is ∼19 μs. This device can be a key component for constructing simultaneous WDM and MDM optical networks to further increase the communication capacity.
An improved adaptive channel prediction for MIMO-OFDM systems

This paper presents a new simplified adaptive channel prediction scheme for MIMO-OFDM system. It is based on the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm. This simplification also uses Alamouti's STBC code which leads to a simple decoding process. Compared with the traditional RLS algorithm, CG performances better in the decision-directed demodulation mode. And this scheme is also designed to have the capability to restrain the noise and it causes a better prediction result.
Connectivity in two-dimensional lattice networks

Connectivity has been extensively studied in ad hoc networks, most recently with the application of percolation theory in two-dimensional square lattices. Given a message source and the bond probability to connect neighbor vertexes on the lattice, percolation theory tries to determine the critical bond probability above which there exists an infinite connected giant component with high probability. This paper studies a related but different problem: what is the connectivity from the source to any vertex on the square lattice following certain directions? The original directed percolation problem has been studied in statistical physics for more than half a century, with only simulation results available. In this paper, by using a recursive decomposition approach, we have obtained the analytical expressions for directed connectivity. The results can be widely used in wireless and mobile ad hoc networks, including vehicular ad hoc networks.
Control and operation of a 12/8-pole doubly salient electro-magnetic motor drive based on CPLD

This paper summarizes the basis structure and fundamental theory of doubly salient electro-magnetic motor (DSEM). A 12/8-pole prototype was built for exemplification. Advanced angle control mode (AACM) was adopted at medium and high speeds to increase the motor output torque. Moreover, finite element analysis of this motor is carried out to investigate the armature current and torque ripple at different advanced angle. The digital controller was designed based on complex programmable logic device (CPLD), which can generate the pulse by adjusting duty cycle with the change of speed. The software design is implemented by VHDL, instead of RC to realize dead time generator. The drive system is implemented and tested. The experimental results show that the control scheme can operate the DSEM at high speed properly.
Circular Convolution Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) System with Index Modulation

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM), which uses the subcarrier indices as a source of information, has attracted considerable interest recently. Motivated by the index modulation (IM) concept, we build a circular convolution filter bank multicarrier with index modulation (C-FBMC-IM) system in this paper. The advantages of the C-FBMC-IM system are investigated by comparing the interference power with the conventional C-FBMC system. As some subcarriers carry nothing but zeros, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization bias power will be smaller comparing to the conventional C-FBMC system. As a result, our C-FBMC-IM system outperforms the conventional C-FBMC system. The simulation results demonstrate that both BER and spectral efficiency improvement can be achieved when we apply IM into the C-FBMC system.
A new syllable-lattice based approach for Mandarin spoken document retrieval

In our Mandarin spoken document retrieval system, the effects of both retrieval source and retrieval model are considered. For the retrieval source, the syllable-lattice is adopted which can ameliorate the effect of speech recognition error on document retrieval. For the retrieval model, the document length prior is combined with Jelinek-Mercer smoothing technique, which is widely applied in text document retrieval model. As far as we know, the combination of syllable lattice and retrieval model based on the document length prior is firstly introduced for spoken document retrieval. Experimental results show that the retrieval performance of lattice-based method outperforms that of 1-best method. Further more, in the retrieval model with the document length priors, lattice-based approach can achieve the best performance, which can improve about 30%.
Analysis of traveling-capability and obstacle-climbing capability for radially adjustable tracked pipeline robot

A kind of tracked pipeline robot with three-axis driving structures and radially adjustable characteristic is designed. The structure and the working principle of robot are introduced, the mechanical model of adjustable mechanism and its obstacle states are established, the mechanical properties of adjustable mechanism are analyzed, the relationship between traveling-capability and obstacle-climbing capability of robot and the driving force of robot is given, the influence factors of traction force and obstacle height are analyzed. The experimental results of prototype show that the pipeline robot designed in this paper has a good adaptability to the pipeline environment.
3-D Palmprint Recognition With Joint Line and Orientation Features

2-D palmprint has been recognized as an effective biometric identifier in the past decade. Recently, 3-D palmprint recognition was proposed to further improve the performance of palmprint systems. This paper presents a simple yet efficient scheme for 3-D palmprint recognition. After calculating and enhancing the mean-curvature image of the 3-D palmprint data, we extract both line and orientation features from it. The two types of features are then fused at either score level or feature level for the final 3-D palmprint recognition. The experiments on The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 3-D palmprint database, which contains 8000 samples from 400 palms show that the proposed feature extraction and fusion methods lead to promising performance.
Delay Spread and Electromagnetic Reverberation in Subway Tunnels and Stations

This letter presents an extensive campaign of wideband propagation measurements conducted in a modern subway environment in Madrid, Spain, at 980 and 2450 MHz. Measurements have been made using a channel sounder in a realistic environment of tunnel and station. Based on the measurement results, the principal parameters, such as mean power and delay spread, have been extracted for wideband propagation modeling. Furthermore, the results have been used to model electromagnetic reverberation, quality factor, and transition region between tunnel and station. The quantitative results provide a detailed wideband model of subway environment, as well as determine the design tradeoffs inside real tunnels and stations, in terms of optimal frequency band, antenna position, and expected multipath.
A resilient on-chip router design through data path salvaging

Very large scale integrated circuits typically employ Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the backbone for on-chip communication. As technology advances into the nanometer regime, NoCs become more and more susceptible to permanent faults such as manufacturing defects, device wear-out, which hinder the correct operations of the entire system. Therefore, effective fault-tolerant techniques are essential to improve the reliability of NoCs. Prior work mainly focuses on introducing redundancies, which can't achieve satisfactory reliability and also involve large hardware overhead, especially for data path components. In this paper, we propose fine-grained data path salvaging techniques by splitting data path components, i.e., links, input buffers and crossbar into slices, instead of introducing redundancies. As long as there is one fault-free slice for each component, the router can be functional. Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves quite high reliability with graceful performance degradation even under high fault rate.
A greedy approach to tolerate defect cores for multimedia applications

Computation-intensive multimedia applications are emerging on mobile devices. System-on-Chip (SoC) offers high performance at a decreased size for these devices. SoC often integrates tens of cores and uses Network-on-Chip (NoC) as its communication infrastructure. To ensure high yield of manycore processors, core-level redundancy is often used as an effective approach to improve the reliability of manycore chips. However, when defective cores are replaced by redundant ones, the NoC topology changes. As a result, a fine-tuned application based on timing parameters given by one topology may not meet the expected timing behavior under the new one. To address this issue, we first define a metric that can measure the timing resemblance between different NoC topologies. Based on this metric, we develop a greedy algorithm to reconfigure a defect-tolerant manycore platform and form a unified application specific virtual topology on which the timing variations caused by the reconfiguration are minimized. Our simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.
Accelerating Line-of-Sight computation with structure guided hybrid approach

This paper proposes a hybrid Line-of-Sight (LoS) computation method for terrains and terrain surfaces, such as buildings and trees, represented using different formats. Unlike the unified triangular terrain representation used in 3D games, the representation of terrains and features is different in most of government training systems. The proposed hybrid approach improves LoS performance around 50% by successfully reducing several queries into one. We extend the state-of-the-art surface area heuristic in constructing a bounding volume hierarchy guided by terrain structures. Experimental results are tested from 10 datasets.
Application of improved HU moments in object recognition

HU moments aren't invariant for scaling in the discrete state, so they are improved in the paper. The improved moments are consistent with region, boundary and discrete situation. Therefore, they are applied to three-dimensional object recognition. Firstly the improved moments are calculated. Then the similarity measure is computed between objects to be recognized and the standard one. Finally experiments are simulated by MATLAB, and experimental results demonstrate that the improved moments are invariant to the translation, rotating and scaling of objects, the recognition rate is relatively high and the proposed algorithm has some practical value. So the feasibility of the proposed method is proved in the paper.
Dedal-CDL: Modeling First-class Architectural Changes in Dedal

In component-based software engineering, software architectures govern not only software development but also software evolution. Indeed, to efficiently and accurately manage software evolution and guarantee its quality, architecture models should be at the core of the evolution process, be accurately synchronized with the runtime systems and have their changes and version information be completely tracked. As architecture models are often captured by ADLs (Architecture Description Languages), an ADL supporting architecture-centric evolution is required. In this paper, we study how architecture-centric evolution can be supported by the Dedal ADL. We thus propose a dedicated CDL (Change Description Language) which models architectural changes as first-class entities and describes them from a semantic viewpoint.
A Band-Limited Canonical Piecewise-Linear Function-Based Behavioral Model for Wideband Power Amplifiers

A band-limited canonical piecewise-linear function (CPWL)-based model is proposed for wideband power amplifiers (PAs). The model has a similar structure of the band-limited dynamic deviation reduction (DDR) Volterra series model but without high-order terms and long finite impulse response filters, which are replaced by CPWL. The model has lower complexity and more flexibility than the band-limited DDR Volterra series model and the model parameters can be estimated by the least-square method. Experimental results show that the proposed model nearly gives the same normalized mean square error and digital predistortion performance as the band-limited Volterra series when a wideband PA is excited by a 5-carrier long-term evolution advanced signal of 100-MHz bandwidth.
A Multivariate Relevance Vector Machine Based Algorithm for On-Line Fault Prognostic Application with Multiple Fault Features

To solve problems in data-driven fault prognostic study such as prediction uncertainty management, multiple fault features and on-line prognostics, an algorithm based on multivariate relevance vector machine (MRVM) is presented. It extends the existing time series iterative multi-step prediction to the application with multiple fault features by matrix partitioning technique. For on-line application, it divides prognostics into a three-phase process to handle differently, namely on-line learning, short term and long term prediction, which properly satisfies the accuracy and execution time requirements at the same time. In on-line learning phase, the algorithm greatly reduces the time cost by means of sliding window technique. For on-line prediction, it comes up with a solution by increasing useful information for prediction decision making. In short term prediction phase, it adopts particle filter technique, which updates prediction results through the way of introducing new observations. It also employs fusion technique which results a weight sum of several previous predictions weighted by a certain forget factor. In long term prediction phase, MRVM is retrained by adding the short term prediction results to training data set. A simulation experiment is adopted which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
An effective approach for active tracking with a PTZ camera

The concept of active tracking is presented to simulate the characteristics of human vision in intelligent visual surveillance. The Pan/Tilt/Zoom (PTZ) camera is generally used for active tracking. In this paper, we present a novel and effective approach for active object tracking with a PTZ camera, and construct a near real-time system for indoor and outdoor scenes. The tracking algorithm of our system is based on the feature matching, with the PID control to drive the camera. The feature extracted from moving people is described as a region covariance matrix which combines the spatial and statistical properties of the targets (e.g. coordinates, color, and gradient). Results from indoor and outdoor experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our approach.