nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A revisit to MRF-based depth map super-resolution and enhancement

This paper presents a Markov Random Field (MRF)-based approach for depth map super-resolution and enhancement. Given a low-resolution or moderate quality depth map, we study the problem of enhancing its resolution or quality with a registered high-resolution color image. Different from the previous methods, this MRF-based approach is based on a novel data term formulation that fits well to the unique characteristics of depth maps. We also discuss a few important design choices that boost the performance of general MRF-based methods. Experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves high-resolution depth maps at more desirable quality, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can also be applied to enhance the depth maps derived with state-of-the-art stereo methods, resulting in the raised ranking based on the Middlebury benchmark.
Automated translation between RESTful/JSON and SPARQL messages for accessing semantic data

Linked Data is a powerful technology for storing and publishing structure of data. It is helpful for web applications because of its usefulness through semantic query data. However, using Linked Data is not easy for normal users who lack of knowledge about the structure of data or query's syntax of Linked Data. From that problem, we propose a translator component that is used for translating RESTful/JSON request messages to SPARQL command based on ontology - a metadata that describes the structure of data. Clients do not need to care about the structure of stored data or SPARQL language, a kind of query language used for querying linked data, when they insert a new instance or query all instances of any specific class. In addition, the translator component has the search function that can find a set of data from multiple classes based on finding the shortest paths between the target classes and target classes. This translator component will be applied for any dynamic ontological structure as well as automatically generate SPARQL command based on user request message.
A Fuzzy C-Means Based Spatial Pixel and Membership Relationships for Image Segmentation

Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is a well-known method for image segmentation. However, since the pixels themselves are considered independent of each other, the segmentation result is sensitive to noise. Fuzzy clustering with spatial constraints provides a powerful way to account for the spatial dependencies between the neighboring pixels, in order to reduce the sensitivity of the segmentation result to noise. In this paper, we propose a new FCM algorithm that incorporates the spatial relationship between neighboring pixels. Different from above methods that depend on parameters $\alpha$, $\lambda_s$, $\lambda_g$, or $\beta$ to keep a balance between sensitivity with respect to noise and the preservation of salient details, the proposed method does not require any such parameters. Moreover, we introduce a new way to incorporate both the spatial pixel relationship and the spatial membership relationship into the algorithm. To estimate parameters that are to minimize the objective function, we propose a method based on the Lagrange technique. The proposed method is tested on synthetic and real world images and the performance is compared with other methods based on FCM models, demonstrating its robustness with respect to noise and accuracy of image segmentation.
3D-BCB Based Branchline Coupler for K-band Integrated Microsystem

This paper presents the design of a high performance and compactness coupler integrated with a 3D technology using BCB (benzo-cyclo-butene) polymer. The main interests of the proposed technology are first the possibility to design multilayer passive devices to achieve high compactness and secondly to be able to monolithically integrate both passive and active circuits as the technological process is fully compatible with ICs. This technology was used to design coupler for which high compactness is reached by applying size reduction to the transmission lines. Electromagnetic simulations have been performed and show excellent performances in terms of amplitude and phase imbalance, isolation and return loss. Several versions of the coupler have been compared to emphasis such performances versus the reduction factor
A novel broadband electromagnetic band-gap based on Sierpinski Gasket triangles

The characteristics of a novel broadband electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) design based on Sierpinski Gasket triangles are presented in this paper. These triangles, which are the equilateral triangles, are arrangement repeated each 600 to introduce the hexagonal unit cells without vias. Model of this EBG structure have been developed and constructed on an inexpensive Fire-Retardant 4 (FR4) with thickness of 1.6mm and relative permittivity of 4.4. Direct transmission method is used to determine the band-gap of the EBG structure. The EBG operation bandwidth is about 87% at the center band-gap frequency.
Bridging between universAAL and ECHONET for smart home environment

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) pursues the issues of how information and communication technology (ICT) is used to support the quality of life of the elderly and disabled people in smart home environment. Among the many AAL solutions, universAAL is one of the most open platforms that provides a holistic and standardized approach for an easy and economic development of AAL services. However, the compatibility with smart home networking systems that are based on ECHONET standard is not supported. Thus, this paper elucidates the bridging in between the universAAL and the ECHONET standard and thereby enable the attainment of novel AAL applications and services for ECHONET-based smart home automation systems.
Complementary authenticator design for ground control station to identify Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on channel-tap power

This work proposes a novel authentication method for identifying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on a channel-tap power. A ground control station utilized the channel-tap power as a radio-frequency fingerprint (RFF) to directly detect UAVs via physical (PHY) layer. The proposed authentication method uses the Neyman-Pearson test to discriminate between two UAVs, UAVI and UAVA, which are controlled by the ground control station. The proposed methods helps the ground control station completely detect UAVI and UAVA using PHY layer. Finally, the performances are analyzed, and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed authenticator. From simulation results, for SNR = −5 dB and the false alarm probability of 0.2, the ground control station can detect the UAV with the detection probability of 0.90 under the UAV speed of 70 km/h.
A Computational Pipeline for the IUCN Risk Assessment for Meso-American Reef Ecosystem

Coral reefs are of global economic and biological significance but are subject to increasing threats. As a result, it is essential to understand the risk of coral reef ecosystem collapse and to develop assessment process for those ecosystems. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystem (RLE) is a framework to assess the vulnerability of an ecosystem. Importantly, the assessment processes need to be repeatable as new monitoring data arises. The repeatability will also enhance transparency. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of a computational pipeline for risk assessment of the Meso-American reef ecosystem, a diverse reef ecosystem located in the Caribbean, with the focus on improving the execution time starting from sequential and parallel implementation and finally using Apache Spark. The final form of the pipeline is a scientific workflow to improve its repeatability and reproducibility.
Characterisation of antenna substrate properties using surrogate-based optimisation

In the current study, the authors present a technique to characterise the permittivity and loss tangent of an antenna substrate. In this method, an error function is formulated with measured data and a set of simulation data on the antenna's impedance and bandwidth. Subsequently, a surrogate-based optimisation code is used to intelligently search for the substrate parameters that minimise the error function. The validity of the method is demonstrated by experiments on wearable patch antennas with felt substrates. The results show that the method is effective in retrieving the permittivity and loss tangent of the antenna substrate using the antenna itself as the test fixture. Thus, there is no need to prepare additional resonators or transmission-line fixtures as in conventional substrate characterisation methods.
Community Detection and Classification in Hierarchical Stochastic Blockmodels

In disciplines as diverse as social network analysis and neuroscience, many large graphs are believed to be composed of loosely connected smaller graph primitives, whose structure is more amenable to analysis We propose a robust, scalable, integrated methodology for community detection and community comparison in graphs. In our procedure, we first embed a graph into an appropriate Euclidean space to obtain a low-dimensional representation, and then cluster the vertices into communities. We next employ nonparametric graph inference techniques to identify structural similarity among these communities. These two steps are then applied recursively on the communities, allowing us to detect more fine-grained structure. We describe a hierarchical stochastic blockmodel—namely, a stochastic blockmodel with a natural hierarchical structure—and establish conditions under which our algorithm yields consistent estimates of model parameters and motifs, which we define to be stochastically similar groups of subgraphs. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in both simulated and real data. Specifically, we address the problem of locating similar sub-communities in a partially reconstructed Drosophila connectome and in the social network Friendster.
Considering Dependent Components in the Terminal Pair Reliability Problem

The determination of the reliability value for technical systems whose components are subjected to random failure possesses a wide range of applicability, e.g. in data communication networks, computer architectures and electrical power networks. The inherent redundancy structures can be described by reliability block diagrams (RBDs) and by solving those RBDs the reliability of the respective system can be computed. The problem of solving the RBD in order to compute the reliability is well-known as the terminal pair reliability problem. If it is assumed that system components fail independently, pure combinatorial methods can be applied to determine the required probability. However, as soon as there are some dependencies concerning the failure of components we cannot utilize pure combinatorial methods unless we do some suitable modifications which take the dependencies into account. For this purpose we present a hybrid method based on the idea of factoring in combination with series and parallel reductions for systems with dependent component failures. The method is hybrid in the sense that dependent probability terms arisen from our proposed algorithm can be obtained by the help of a stochastic solver. The algorithm comprises clauses for carrying out series and parallel reductions in parallel with factoring. In addition to that we propose how to deal with multiple occurring components.
Control of a teleoperation system actuated by low-cost pneumatic on/off valves

For a pneumatic teleoperation system, sliding-mode control laws ensuring both transparency and low switching (open/close) activity of the valves are developed. Each pneumatic actuator has four on/off valves, thus sixteen possible combinations (“operating modes”) for the valves exist but only seven of them are both functional and unique. While previous works have focused on three-mode sliding-based position control of one pneumatic actuator, this paper develops seven-mode sliding-based bilateral control of a teleoperation system comprising a pair of pneumatic actuators. The proposed bilateral sliding control scheme is experimentally validated on a pair of actuators arranged in a force-position teleoperation architecture. The results demonstrate that leveraging the additional modes of operation leads to more efficient and smooth control of the system.
Control of large ship motions in harbor maneuvers by applying sliding mode control

A Multivariable Sliding Mode Controller (MSMC) has been constructed for large ships in harbor maneuvers. Computer simulations of motions of a Very Large Crude Carriage with MSMC in various harbor maneuvers verify that the method is very effective to deal with several problems of controlling large ships in harbor maneuvers, including slow speed, modelling non-linearity and strong environmental disturbances.
Critical roles of RF and microwave electromagnetic field solver simulators in multi-gigabit high-speed digital applications

With present digital signaling speeds in the mulit-gigabit range, the interconnects in printed circuit boards (PCB 's), IC packages, and even within silicon have become the limiting factors in the system performance. This makes electromagnetic (EM) field solvers essential for multi-gigabit hardware design. At the same time, these tools are often not well understood, which may create more problems for designers. This paper is intended to demonstrate not only why it is critical to utilize EM field solvers for high-speed digital applications, but also the importance of understanding the strengths and limitations of the various EM field solvers available today.
An application of fuzzy geographically clustering for solving the Cold-Start problem in recommender systems

In this paper, we present a novel method based on fuzzy geographically clustering to solve the Cold-Start problem in Recommender Systems occurring when a new user is migrated into the system. The proposed method can handle the issues of selected demographic attributes, the similarities between items and missing ratings that existed in relevant demographic-based algorithms. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed method. Experimental results show that the new method has better accuracy than other relevant ones.
Automated Verification of Goal Net Models

Multi-agent systems are increasingly complex and the problem of their verification is acquiring increasing importance. Most of the existing approaches are based on model checking techniques which require system specification in a formal language. This is an error-prone task and can only be performed by experts who have considerable experiences in logic reasoning. We proposed in this paper an easy-to-use approach to the verification of multi-agent systems based on the Goal Net modeling methodology. Goal Net is a goal-oriented framework which aspires to simplify the process of designing and implementing multi-agent systems. In our approach, a multi-agent system is modeled as a goal net. The goal net and its properties will be automatically converted into FSP (Finite State Processes) specification, which can be automatically verified by the model checker LTSA (Labeled Transition System Analyzer).
Cramér-rao bound analysis of echo time selection for 1H-MR spectroscopy

The choice of echo time (TE) is a complicated and controversial issue in proton MR spectroscopy, and represents a balancing act between signal-to-noise ratio and signal complexity. The TE values used in previous literature were selected either heuristically or based on limited empirical studies. In this work, we reconsider this problem from an estimation theoretic perspective. Specifically, we analyze the Crame´r-Rao lower bound on estimated spectral parameters as a function of TE, which serves as a metric to quantify the reliability of the estimation procedure. This analysis reveals that a good choice of TE often depends on the particular metabolite of interest, and is a function of both the coupling properties of the metabolites and the general complexity of the spectrum.
Advanced high-power gyrotrons

Gyrotrons at high frequency with high-output power are mainly developed for microwave heating and current drive in plasmas for thermonuclear fusion. For the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, now under construction at IPP Greifswald, Germany, a 10-MW electron-cyclotron-resonance-heating (ECRH) system is foreseen. A 1-MW 140-GHz gyrotron with synthetic diamond window for continuous wave operation and with a single stage depressed collector for energy recovery and improvement of efficiency has been designed, constructed, and tested in collaboration with CRPP Lausanne and TED Ve/spl acute/lizy. It operates in the TE/sub 28,8/-cavity mode and provides a linearly polarized TEM/sub 0,0/ Gaussian RF beam. In short pulse operation at the design current of 40 A, an output power of 1-MW could be achieved for an accelerating voltage of 82 kV without depression voltage, an output power of 1.15 MW at an accelerating voltage of 84 kV with a depression voltage of 25 kV. These values correspond to an efficiency of 49%. After some problems with the RF-load, long-pulse operation was performed. The power measurements were done by the calibrated signal of the diode detector placed at the second mirror. Output powers of 1 MW could be achieved for 10 s, and an energy as high as 90 MJ per pulse has been produced with an output power of 0.64 MW. The pulselengths were mainly determined by the preset values. Only for the 100-s pulse at 0.74 MW, a limitation was found due to a pressure increase beyond about 10/sup -7/ hPa. The ITER task (task for the future international thermonuclear experimental reactor) on development of coaxial cavity gyrotrons ended in 2001. In accordance with the goal of the task, the potential of coaxial gyrotrons has been investigated and, as a result, data necessary for an industrial realization of a 2-MW CW 170-GHz tube have been obtained. In addition, first work on tube integration has been done. The results will be presented and discussed. By biasing the coaxial insert a fast (within 0.1 ms) frequency tuning has been demonstrated. In particular, a fast step tuning between the 165-GHz nominal mode and the azimuthal neighbors at 162.5 and 167.2 GHz have been performed. In addition, at the nominal mode a continuous frequency variation within the bandwidth of up to 70 MHz has been done.
Automated Extraction of Database Interactions in Web Applications

Database interactions are among the most essential functional features in Web applications. Thus, for the maintenance and understanding of Web applications, it is vital that the Web engineer could identify all code segments which implement the database interactions features. Unfortunately, the highly dynamic nature of Web applications makes it challenging to automatically extract all the possible database interactions from source code. In this paper, we propose an automated approach to extract database interactions from source code by using symbolic execution and inference rules. In our approach, all paths which might lead to a database interaction are symbolically executed following symbolic evaluation rules. In each execution, we derive a symbolic expression for each parameter defining the interaction type. We also develop inference rules to deduce the interaction types from the set of symbolic expressions derived. The approach has been applied extensively to extract database interactions in open-source Web applications
Cross-language information extraction and auto evaluation for OOV term translations

OOV term translation plays an important role in natural language processing. Although many researchers in the past have endeavored to solve the OOV term translation problems, but none existing methods offer definition or context information of OOV terms. Furthermore, non-existing methods focus on cross-language definition retrieval for OOV terms. Never the less, it has always been so difficult to evaluate the correctness of an OOV term translation without domain specific knowledge and correct references. Our English definition ranking method differentiate the types of OOV terms, and applies different methods for translation extraction. Our English definition ranking method also extracts multilingual context information and monolingual definitions of OOV terms. In addition, we propose a novel cross-language definition retrieval system for OOV terms. Never the less, we propose an auto re-evaluation method to evaluate the correctness of OOV translations and definitions. Our methods achieve high performances against existing methods.
Ambient RF Energy Harvesting Sensor Device With Capacitor-Leakage-Aware Duty Cycle Control

In this paper, we present a software control method that maximizes the sensing rate of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that are solely powered by ambient RF power. Unlike all other energy harvesting WSN systems, RF-powered systems present new challenges for energy management. A WSN node repeatedly charges and discharges at short intervals, depending on the energy intake. Typically in energy harvesting systems, a capacitor is used for energy storage because of its efficient charge and discharge performance and infinite recharge cycles. When the charging time is too short, a node is more likely to experience an energy shortage. On the contrary, if it is too long, more energy is lost because of leakage in the capacitor. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive duty cycle control scheme optimized for RF energy harvesting. This method maximizes the sensing rate by taking into account the leakage problem, a factor that has never been previously studied in this context. Our control scheme improves the efficiency by aggregate evaluation of operation reliability and leakage reduction.
A Scalable, Non-blocking Approach to Transactional Memory

Transactional memory (TM) provides mechanisms that promise to simplify parallel programming by eliminating the need for locks and their associated problems (deadlock, livelock, priority inversion, convoying). For TM to be adopted in the long term, not only does it need to deliver on these promises, but it needs to scale to a high number of processors. To date, proposals for scalable TM have relegated livelock issues to user-level contention managers. This paper presents the first scalable TM implementation for directory-based distributed shared memory systems that is livelock free without the need for user-level intervention. The design is a scalable implementation of optimistic concurrency control that supports parallel commits with a two-phase commit protocol, uses write-back caches, and filters coherence messages. The scalable design is based on transactional coherence and consistency (TCC), which supports continuous transactions and fault isolation. A performance evaluation of the design using both scientific and enterprise benchmarks demonstrates that the directory-based TCC design scales efficiently for NUMA systems up to 64 processors
A closed-loop stepper motor drive based on EtherCAT

This paper presents the design and implementation of a motion control system using EtherCAT. The EtherCAT frame with an embedded motion profile is introduced. Additionally, a closed loop stepper motor that uses the embedded data of the EtherCAT frame is shown. For position control purposes, a lead angle estimation was designed. The Proportional Integral Feed Forward (PI-FF) controller was implemented to overcome the problem with reverse motor rotation. Finally, some experimental results are shown to verify the performance of the EtherCAT based motor drive.