nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research of User Request Algorithm in Mobile Cloud Computing Based on Improved FCM and Collaborative Filtering

Improved FCM algorithm based on genetic algorithm is used to extract user needs in mobile cloud computing. By using its characteristics of fast clustering, users can be divided into the same category with similar attributes and behavior patterns, and then use the similarity recommendation algorithm, which makes the similar user requests can be quickly responded. This algorithm (GAFCM-CF) is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of mobile cloud user attribute collection and user request processing in small and medium network. At the same time, this paper compares the simulation experiment with the traditional MIN-MIN scheduling algorithm, and verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.
Effect of different breathing patterns on nonlinearity of heart rate variability

We studied the effects of different respiratory patterns, namely, spontaneous breathing, paced breathing (at a rate of 10 breaths/min and at their mean spontaneous breathing frequency) and breath holding, on the nonlinear characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV). The results showed that paced breathing at both rates significantly diminished the nonlinearity of HRV detected by the Volterra-Wiener series method in comparison with spontaneous breathing, while breath holding increased it. These findings indicate spontaneous breathing rate is probably optimum to maintain cardiopulmonary coupling nonlinearly, and thus to minimize the influence on cardiovascular variabilities.
Centralized power control in CDMA cellular mobile systems

Efficient power control is of great importance in the design of high capacity cellular radio systems. An optimum power control scheme, in the sense that it minimizes the outage probability, has been fully investigated for FDMA/TDMA cellular systems. In this paper, the optimum power control and several centralized power control algorithms are proposed for CDMA cellular systems. Simulation results indicate that the optimum power control scheme outperforms the perfect average power control algorithm by approximately 1.9 dB under IS-95 defined radio condition.
Study on a new sulfur fixation combustion-supporting agent for coal

In order to improve the coal utilization of rotary kiln for baking siderite and obtain efficient and practical new sulfur fixation combustion-supporting agents, the paper choose the coal used in production in the experiment, the orthogonal test method and thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the coal ignition and combustion rate, and then analyzes the type of combustion-supporting agents, adding amount and particle size of coal influence on the combustion ratio, and it indicated that adding CuCl2 · H2O by 0.3% into the coal below 180 mesh can reduce coal's ignition point for 41 °C and raise the burn rate to 79.23%; we researched that sulfur fixation sorbent types, Ca / S molar ratio, combustion temperature, particle size of coal and pretreatment time on the sulfur-fixing rate, and the CaO was chosen as the sulfur fixation sorbent finally, Ca / S is 2.5, the combustion temperature is 900 °C, the coal particle size is 180 mesh, pretreatment time 30min; under these conditions the sulfur-fixing rate is 51.48%; based on the single test on calcium-based sulfur retention agent, and investigated the influence of the type of sulfur fixation additives, adding volume and pretreatment time on the sulfur-fixing rate, it was found that the Na2CO3 is most promoting in the four. The results showed that adding 0.3% Na2CO3 in the coal, pretreated for 30min, the fixation efficiency of CaO can be increased to 68.17%; comprehensive test results on the three groups to determine the composition of sulfur fixation combustion-supporting agents for the CaO, Na2CO3, CuCl2 · H2O, the ratio is 86%: 7%: 7%. The integration of sulfur combustion test results showed that the addition of 2.0% sulfur fixation combustion-supporting agents into coal can lower the ignition point of 39 °C, improve combustion ratio to 72.51%, and improve the sulfur-fixing rate to 61.32%.
SVM Soft Margin Classifiers: Linear Programming versus Quadratic Programming

Support vector machine (SVM) soft margin classifiers are important learning algorithms for classification problems. They can be stated as convex optimization problems and are suitable for a large data setting. Linear programming SVM classifiers are especially efficient for very large size samples. But little is known about their convergence, compared with the well-understood quadratic programming SVM classifier. In this article, we point out the difficulty and provide an error analysis. Our analysis shows that the convergence behavior of the linear programming SVM is almost the same as that of the quadratic programming SVM. This is implemented by setting a stepping-stone between the linear programming SVM and the classical 1-norm soft margin classifier. An upper bound for the misclassification error is presented for general probability distributions. Explicit learning rates are derived for deterministic and weakly separable distributions, and for distributions satisfying some Tsybakov noise condition.
Emerging Topic Detection Model Based on LDA and Its Application in Stem Cell Field

Based on the investigation above background of stem cell research, this paper obtains the research topics of different time-window series with LDA topic segment model, and then the emerging topics are identified and judged according to the assumption of emerging topic definition. This paper proposes a new method to detect and identify the emerging topic in the topic evolution model. In this method, first, the time of the whole dataset is divided into several time-window series, and then the topics in total time-windows are segmented by LDA model. The composite relationships between topics are calculated by integrating the relationships of consistency, co-occurrence and semantics between topics. Those composite relationships are used to indicate and visualize the evolutionary relationships among topics. The emerging topics are detected by analyzing the characters of different evolutionary types including topics' differentiation, integration, emerging and decrease. And then the model's effectiveness is verified by case study in the stem cell field and expert judgment. Finally, the model's disadvantages and the next jobs are introduced in the paper.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for electro-control system of continuously variable transmission based on DSPACE

A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system is designed and established. The basic structure of electro-control system of continuously variable transmission (CVT) is analyzed. The hardware configuration and CAN protocol are designed. The mathematical models are built in detail, including engine model, CVT driveline model, ratio model, clamping force model and clutch model. The HIL simulation principle and structure are introduced. The parameters of our physical model and the driver model are given, and then the simulation result is given. Both the phenomena and result prove that the HIL simulation system is feasible and effective to the development of CVT electro-control system.
A parallel decoding algorithm of LDPC codes using CUDA

A parallel belief propagation algorithm for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented in this paper based on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). As a new hardware and software architecture for addressing and managing computations, CUDA offers parallel data computing using the highly multithreaded coprocessor driven by very high memory bandwidth GPU. The parallel decoding algorithm, based on CUDA, allows that all bit-nodes or check-nodes work simultaneously, thus provides an efficient and fast way for implementing the decoder.
Centralised power control in CDMA cellular mobile systems

Efficient power control is of great importance in the design of high capacity cellular radio systems. Optimum power control scheme, in the sense that it minimises the outage probability, has been fully investigated for FDMA/TDMA cellular systems. The authors propose optimum power control and several centralised power control algorithms for CDMA cellular systems. Simulation results indicate that the optimum power control scheme outperforms the perfect average power control algorithm by ~1.9 dB under the IS-95 defined radio condition.
The semi-blind multiuser receiver based on antenna array

Two semi-blind multi-user receiver's algorithms based on antenna array are proposed. Here we suppose multiple receiver antennas are our targets. Firstly we estimate the known users' data and subtract them form the received signal. Secondly we obtain an orthogonal projection matrix (M) of the unknown users' signal through subspace tracking. Finally by using the matrix M, we transform the detection problem of known users' data into a minimization problem of quadratic convex function and so that we can solve it with conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm. The initial estimation of known users' data also serves as the initial value of CG to speed up convergence. We have simulated the performance of the receivers' algorithm under various conditions and concluded that they are better than other corresponding algorithms.
High Degree Picosecond Pulse Compression in Chalcogenide-Silicon Slot Waveguide Taper

In this paper, we propose and design a chalcogenide (As2S3)-based slot waveguide taper with exponentially decreasing dispersion profile to realize high-degree pulse compression of low-power chirped solitons. Based on the waveguide taper designed, pulse compression of fundamental solitons, and chirped 2-soliton breather are both investigated numerically. With self-similar pulse compression scheme, a 1 ps input pulse is compressed to 81.5 fs in 6 cm propagation. By using 2-soliton breather pulses, a 1 ps chirped pulse is compressed to 80.3 fs in just 2.54 cm. This is the first demonstration of the feasibility of high-degree nonlinear pulse compression in As2S3-based slot waveguide taper.
Effect of freeze dry on the properties of cellulose nanofibrils/phenol formaldehyde nanocomposites

In order to decrease the process time and obtain wrinkle-free CNF and CNF-PF composite films, freeze dry were employed in this work to remove the excessive water in wet films. The nanocompsoites were prepared by hot pressing the freeze-dried films. The morphology, main physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. Results show both CNF and CNF-PF composite films exhibit uncontinuous spots, which are considered as voids contributed to low-temperature dry. The films are flexible and strong, though addition of PF has little effect on the increase of mechanical strength. Compared with mechanical strength of films prepared by oven dry, the freeze dry leads to relative decrease of strength. However, when considering the time consumption, freeze dry is an effective way to prepare CNF and its based nanocomposite.
Key points in 14 nm photolithographic process development, challenges and process window capability

After 20 nm, the 14 nm process has become a major technology node that may stay in market for some extended period of time. In the 14 nm, 2 major technologies have been introduced to the 193 nm immersion photolithography, i.e., the source-mask co-optimization (SMO) and the negative tone developing (NTD). The former will maximize the process window for a given set of design rules, while the latter will further improve the process window through the utilization of bright field imaging together with the use of attenuated phase shifting mask (Att-PSM). Though SMO has a distinct advantage in balancing the process window for various patterns when compared to the parameterized illumination condition, e.g., cross poles or annular, it may cause severe troubles if the input pattern group does not have good representation of all critical designs. Therefore, some trade-offs must be present in order to produce a more accommodating process. The use of negative tone developing, on one hand, has significant advantage in printing vias and trenches through converting the low contrast dark field imaging to the higher contrast bright field imaging. On the other hand, the chemistry of NTD is different compared to the traditional positive tone developing in the fact that it needs more chemical reactions or the acid diffusion-reaction process has to take place on a greater scale. More diffusion-reaction process will mean longer photo acid effective diffusion length, which will damage imaging resolution. This paper will discuss various aspects of 14 nm photolithography process.
Linear RF power amplifier design for CDMA signals

In this paper, we analyze the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier on CDMA signals and then derive the design formulas which provide the direct relation between the power transistor's traditional nonlinearity parameter, the 3rd order intercept point (IP3) and the out-of-band emission levels for CDMA signals. This result will be very useful to system and component engineers in design of RF power amplifiers for CDMA wireless systems.
Optimal IV-SSF approach to array signal processing in colored noise fields

The paper describes and analyses, in a unifying manner, the spatial and temporal IV-SSF (instrumental variable-signal subspace fitting) approaches recently proposed for array signal processing in colored noise fields. We derive a general, optimally-weighted, IV-SSF direction estimator and show that this estimator encompasses the UNCLE estimator of Wong and Wu (see  Sept. 1994), which is a spatial IV-SSF method; and the temporal IV-SSF estimator of Viberg, Stoica and Ottersten (see  May 1995). The latter two estimators have seemingly different forms, so their asymptotic equivalence shown in this paper comes as a surprising unifying result.
Study on Energy Saving Technique of Bamboo Bleaching Rapidly Based on Water Resource Protection

In order to eliminate colour difference of bamboo sheets, the energy saving technique of bamboo bleaching rapidly based on water resource protection was studied. The results showed that the appropriate addition agent may improve function of H2O2 bleaching bamboo. the oxidation of H2O2 was the best at 80°&#1057;. If the temperature was too low or too high, the bleaching effect was bad. And the bleaching solution formula had the influences on bleaching effect. Alkaline bleaching solution formula was better.
A spectrum approach to the design of RF power amplifier for CDMA signals

We analyse the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier on CDMA signals and then derive an expression of an estimation of the out-of-band emission levels for CDMA signals in terms of the power transistor's traditional nonlinearity parameters, the third-order intermodulation coefficient (IP/sub 3/) and the fifth-order intermodulation coefficient (IP/sub 5/), as well as the power level and bandwidth of the signal. This result will be useful to system and component engineers in the design and test of RF power amplifiers for cellular CDMA wireless system.
GPU Acceleration of High-Speed Collision Molecular Dynamics Simulation

we discuss an implementation and optimization of GPU-accelerated Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of high-speed collision molecular model in NVIDIA CUDA language. A series of optimization methods are presented: spatial decomposition, use of shared memory and use of block-cell-link structure. These optimization methods effectively improve the performance by reducing data transfer time between CPU and GPU and reducing memory access time on GPU. We test our GPU-accelerated MD algorithm on a modern GPU, NVIDIA Tesla C870. The performance of our code implemented on the GPU with AMD Athlon64 4400+ is compared to the CPU-only version. GPU-accelerated MD simulation can achieve speedup of 38.37 times compared to the sequential version running on single core of the CPU. The peak performance of C870 reaches 15 GFLOPS.
Training boosting-like algorithms with semi-supervised subspace learning

Boosting algorithms have attracted great attention since the first real-time face detector by Viola & Jones through feature selection and strong classifier learning simultaneously. On the other hand, researchers have proposed to decouple such two procedures to improve the performance of Boosting algorithms. Motivated by this, we propose a boosting-like algorithm framework by embedding semi-supervised subspace learning methods. It selects weak classifiers based on class-separability. Combination weights of selected weak classifiers can be obtained by subspace learning. Three typical algorithms are proposed under this framework and evaluated on public data sets. As shown by our experimental results, the proposed methods obtain superior performances over their supervised counterparts and AdaBoost.
Noise adaptive LDPC decoding using particle filter

Belief propagation (BP) is a powerful algorithm to decode the low-density parity check (LDPC) codes over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The traditional BP algorithm cannot adapt efficiently to the statistical change of the AWGN channel. Particle filter is a algorithm to estimate a variable of interest as it evolves over time. In this paper, we use particle filter to estimate the noise power and feed back to the BP algorithm in real time. We found that compared with the traditional BP algorithm with fixed estimated noise power, BP algorithm based on particle filter not only give a good real-time estimate for the channel noise, but also achieve a lower decoding error rate.
Customer-Enterprise Interacting Mechanism Model Based on Fuzzy Theory for Quality Improvement

The quality-improvement of manufacturing enterprises should not only be based on customer-oriented theory but also try to tap and guide the customer requirements, including the hidden requirements and the latent requirements. That is, the enterprise should build the interacting mechanism between quality-improvement and customer. This interacting mechanism can make customers more satisfied and loyal and make the enterprise more active in the market competition. Besides, the mathematical model has been built based on the fuzzy theory. This model being made up of alternation sub-model, quality-improvement sub-model and feedback sub-model reveals the internal interacting relationship between the quality-improvement and customer-requirement, customer-satisfaction. Finally, the whole mathematical model of this interacting mechanism is built .The practices in the manufacturing enterprises show that this model can direct enterprises to establish and implement the mechanism and to raise the effective and efficiency of the quality-improvement
Fuzzy synchronization of chaotic systems based on genetic algorithm

We consider the synchronization problem of chaotic systems with uncertainties. We apply the fuzzy method to solve this problem, and the parameters of membership function are optimized by genetic algorithm, so that we can get the appropriate values for those parameters, and improve the ability of fuzzy controller. We carry out the simulations of synchronizing Henon chaotic systems with uncertainties, and the results show the effectiveness of this method.
Research on Optimization of the Customer-Enterprise Interacting Mechanism based on the GA-WNN Method

To raise the effective and efficiency of the quality-improvement, the Customer-Enterprise interacting mechanism for the Quality-Improvement oriented to the customer loyalty should be built. As a complex nonlinear system composed by suppliers, manufacturers and customers, this mechanism's state is very uncertain & unpredictable. It makes that the optimization of the Mechanism has significance. To resolve the problem of optimizing this system, the GA-WNN optimization method that combining genetic algorithm (GA) with wavelet neural network (WNN) has been proposed in this paper. In the GA-WNN method, wavelet neural network has been applied to identify and model on the system according the high approximation ability of WNN for identifying the complex nonlinear system, then genetic algorithm as a kind of overall search optimization methods has been used to the system optimization of this system. To accelerate the convergence speed and learning speed of GA-WNN method, the parameters of the wavelet networks are trained by using hybrid algorithm, and the mixed GA modified by selected strategy and combined local search algorithms is adopted. It has been proved by simulation results and practices in enterprises that the GA-WNN method can optimize the customer-enterprise interacting Mechanism effectively and make this system tend to the optimum operation point so as to raise the effective and efficiency of the quality-improvement
Wafer 3D effect study with finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method

As the technology reaches the 2x nm node in semiconductor manufacture, wafer 3-dimensional topography proximity effects (W3D) becomes more and more challenging during lithography process, especially for the implantation layers. This effect is caused by the light reflection from the substrate during wafer-exposure process, which can cause the linewidth shrinkage of the photoresist and patterning failure. This paper presents a study of W3D effect with a series of typical substrate designs. This study provides both on-wafer data and simulation data with finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method. From the study, we have found that there exists a trend of linewidth shrinkage as the reflection from the substrate become more and more enhanced due to its size enlarged. The simulation result in our experiment can present a similar trend to the on-wafer result with a picture describing the wave propagation of W3D effect.
Extend Force-directed Scheduling for System-level Synthesis in Timeconstrained System-on-Chip Design

Scheduling time-constrained task graph to minimize resource requirement is a common and important problem in system-level synthesis (SLS) for system-onchip (SoC) designs. Many algorithms have been proposed to address this issue. In this paper, an extended scheduling algorithm based on force-directed heuristic is presented, which adopts a notion of continuous time rather than a notion of discrete time in high-level synthesis (HLS). Polynomial arithmetic is employed to calculate the force function and its extremal points. Preliminary experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Study of CDSEM measurement issue caused by wafer charging

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image blurring issue is reported at via level after developing inspection (ADI) measurement in dual damascene process. The root cause is the existence of non-uniform electric field at measurement locations. To find the reason, wafer surface charge is measured at different steps. Electric field is almost uniform at hard mask (HM) deposition, metal ADI, HM open, and photoresist (PR) coating steps. Strangely, significant change has been found at via ADI step. This change is not simply caused by the developing process because SEM image is clear and the electric filed is uniform at ADI stage on bare wafer. It may be also relate to previous process especially the HM open step although the mechanism is not clear at this moment. Finally, auto-stigma function of CDSEM is applied to fix this issue. Critical dimension (CD) data is comparable between auto-stigma measurement method on non-uniform electric field wafer and normal measurement method on uniform electric field wafer.