nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On information and knowledge representation in the brain

The cognitive models of information representation and the capacity of human memory are fundamental research areas in cognitive informatics, which help to reveal the mechanism and potential of the brain. This paper develops the object-attribute-relation (OAR) model for describing information representation and storage in the brain. According to the OAR model, the human memory and knowledge are represented by relations, i.e. connections of synapses between neurons, rather than by the neurons themselves as the traditional container metaphor described. Based on the OAR model, the memory capacity of the human brain is calculated as in the order of 10/sup 8432/ bits. The determination of the magnitude of human memory capacity is not only theoretically significant in cognitive informatics, but also practically useful to estimate the human potential, as well as the gap between the natural and machine intelligence.
Force Sensor Model Based on FEA for the Electromagnetic Levitation System

The traditional control strategy of the electromagnetic levitation system (ELS) is a voltage or current control strategy based on the gap sensor and the current sensor. In this paper, an electromagnetic force sensor model is proposed and the mapping relation between electromagnetic force with current and levitation gap is obtained by Maxwell computation. The new force sensor model is used in ELS's control simulation and the result shows a new force sensor model can work well.
Robust reliable control for uncertain time-delay switched fuzzy systems via observers switching

It is presented a model of uncertain time-delay switched fuzzy systems, which each subsystem of switched system is an uncertain fuzzy system with time-delay, and the robust reliable control problem is studied. Parametric uncertainty and time-delay terms are employed in building the T-S model for the reliable controlled plant for the purpose of close representation of the original plant system. Address the reliable control issue of uncertain time-delay switched fuzzy systems based on observers switching. When the actuators are serious failure — the residual part of actuators can not make original system stability, using switching technique depend on the states of observers and Lyapunov function method, dynamic fuzzy reliable controller is built to ensure the relevant closed-loop system is asymptotic stability. Sufficient conditions for the uncertain switched fuzzy system to reliable control against actuators serious failure in the closed-loop systems are derived in terms of observers switching strategy. A simulation offered the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Semi-Automatic Tagging of Photo Albums via Exemplar Selection and Tag Inference

As one of the emerging Web 2.0 activities, tagging becomes a popular approach to manage personal media data, such as photo albums. A dilemma in tagging behavior is the users' manual efforts and the tagging accuracy: exhaustively tagging all photos in an album is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and simply entering tags for the whole album leads to unsatisfying results. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic tagging scheme that aims to facilitate users in photo album tagging. The scheme is able to achieve a good trade-off between manual efforts and tagging accuracy as well as to adjust tagging performance according to the user's customization. For a given album, it first selects a set of representative exemplars for manual tagging via a temporally consistent affinity propagation algorithm, and the tags of the rest of the photos are automatically inferred. Then a constrained affinity propagation algorithm is applied to select a new set of exemplars for manual tagging in an incremental manner, based on which the performance of the tag inference in the previous round can be estimated. If the results are not satisfying enough, a further round of exemplar selection and tag inference will be implemented. This process repeats until satisfactory tagging results are achieved, and users can also stop the process at any time. Experimental results on real-world Flickr photo albums have demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed scheme.
Detection of lower-limb movement intention from EEG signals

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been investigated in recent years to transfer the brain activities to external devices as rehabilitation tools in clinical trials. Here we present a BCI to detect lower-limb movement intention from electroencephalography (EEG) signals, combining movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and sensorymotor rhythms (SMRs) with support vector machine (SVM) classification model. We report analysis of the EEG correlates of five healthy subjects while they perform self-paced ankle dorsiflexion. The average detection accuracy was 0.89 ± 0.04, while the latency was − 0.325 ± 0.127 ms with respect to actual movement onset. The combination of these two features has shown significantly better performance (p < 0.01) than the models using either MRCP or SMR. It is also demonstrated that complementary information was employed to boost the detection performance. The proposed paradigm could be further implemented as a brain switch in neurorehabilitation scenarios.
A new method for estimating the acoustic attenuation coefficient of tissue from reflected ultrasonic signals

The parameter characterizing the acoustic attenuation in soft tissues is an indicator of tissue state. A method which features autoregressive deconvolution and spectral smoothing is proposed for estimation of the parameter from ultrasonic signals reflected from the tissue. The results of simulation and of processing actual liver data show that the standard deviation of the estimation is approximately halved by this method, compared to the traditional spectral differences method.
An environment-based RBAC model for internal network

Role-based access control is widely used in information system of internal network, but there are still many limitations when there is a large number of roles and objects in the system, such as to achieve fine-grained access controls may lead to role-permission explosion problem, and the users in the network can easily evade the existing access control mechanism to gain access to the system by altering permission. As the information systems, user environment, system roles and permissions are relatively definite in internal network, we propose an environment-based RBAC model and present a formal definition and representation, which can effectively prevent unauthorized operation behavior in internal network, meanwhile providing support for forensics of security event. The practice and application in internal information system shows that the model can achieve fine-grained access control, effectively prevent malicious users from accessing system via permission altering.
Multiple fault diagnosis of analog circuits by locating ambiguity groups of test equation

This paper proposes a method to diagnose the multiple faults in linear analog circuits. The test equation establishes the relationship between the measured responses and faulty excitations due to faulty elements. The QR factorization is applied to identify ambiguity groups in the test verification matrix. The suspicious faulty excitations of the minimum size are determined. Faulty parameters are evaluated using the structural incident signal matrix. Finally, this method is illustrated with an example circuit.
A novel infrared face recognition based on local binary pattern

To extract the discrimination local structural features, an improved infrared face recognition method based on LBP is proposed in this paper. To get robust local features in infrared face, local binary pattern representation is applied to our method, instead of holistic feature extraction method. Based on the criterion of separability discriminant, pattern selection (PS) algorithm is proposed to get the LBP patterns which are most suitable for infrared face recognition. To make full use of the space locations information, the partitioning and LBP histogram are applied to get final features. The experimental results demonstrate the infrared face recognition method based on LBP+PS proposed outperforms the traditional methods based on LBP or PCA+LDA.
A kind of E-government website evaluation method based on Neural Network

This paper presents a new method to evaluate the performance of the e-government Website with neural network technology. The evaluation model, based on BP neural network and principal component analysis, raises the performance of the network. And it guarantees the objectivity and scientific of the evaluation result. This method analyzed a lot of data with principal component analysis method and the main evaluation factors were picked up. Dimensions were declined effectively on condition that evaluation information was reserved. BP neural network was used to fix on the weights of indices. It weakens the random and appraiser's subjectivity when fixing the index weight in evaluation. With the application and verification in e-government sites of Ningbo 2006, the model based on BP neural network has an extensive foreground and application
A novel planning method of self-recovery enhancement for transmission network with the integration of large scale wind power

Planning issue of transmission network should take it into account that the ability to stand possible disturbances and recover from severe fault, when large-scale wind power integrated. Self-recovery capability index (SRCI) is defined representing the maximum load that can be supplied considering certain restriction when fault occurs in a certain time period that system moves back to normal state. The robustness of network can thus be evaluated by this index. The demand for self-recovery indeed requires a strong grid structure and that energy storage equipment and real-time control system be configured. Besides, constraints of grid and devices must be followed and the N-1 reliability principle. A multi-objective planning model is proposed and its overall object is to derive a maximum SRCI and wind power transmission capability but with the lowest investment cost and best economic benefits. Two sub problems of network planning and the configuration of devices are decoupled and layered, which forms a bi-level planning model. Optimization algorithm and iterative calculation between the two sub problems are used to solve the planning model. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through the simulation.
Comparison of Levelized Cost of Energy of Superconducting Direct Drive Generators for a 10-MW Offshore Wind Turbine

A method for comparing the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) of different superconducting drive trains is introduced. The properties of a 10-MW MgB2 superconducting direct-drive generator and the cost break down of the nacelle components are presented and scaled up to a turbine with a rotor diameter of up to 280 m. The partial load efficiency of the generator is evaluated for a constant cooling power of 0, 50, and 100 kW, and the annual energy production is used to determine the impact on the LCoE.
Exponential stability via event-triggered impulsive control for continuous-time dynamical systems

This paper investigates the issue of exponential stability via impulsive control for continuous-time dynamical systems (CDSs). The control is called as event-triggered impulsive control (ETIC) since it is triggered by the given events. Under the ETIC, the CDS is changed to an impulsive system. Two cases (with/without time-delays) are studied respectively for the ETIC signals. The ETIC is well designed since it is proved that there is no Zeno behavior for such ETIC. And the global uniform exponential stability criteria are derived for the impulsive system and thus the exponential stabilization is achieved for the CDS under the ETIC. Moreover, the data dropout is studied for the ETIC without time-delay. The maximal allowable dropout rates are estimated. Finally, one example is worked out for illustration.
Influence of Flux Diverter on Magnetic Field Distribution for HTS Transformer Windings

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformers employ highly efficient HTS windings to replace the conventional windings. However, the magnetic field in an HTS transformer affects the transformer's HTS winding performances. The relationship between HTS tape characteristics and the magnetic field has been studied. The HTS windings critical current can be increased with the perpendicular magnetic field decreasing. A concept of unbalanced degree is introduced in this paper. The unbalanced degree of critical current distributions at the ends of windings decreases with the perpendicular magnetic field and the unbalanced degree of perpendicular magnetic field distributions decreasing. For the effects of flux diverter, the unbalanced degrees of perpendicular magnetic field and critical current distributions are analyzed and optimized.
A new method for estimating the acoustic attenuation coefficient of tissue from reflected ultrasonic signals

The parameter characterizing the acoustic attenuation in tissue is considered to be an indicator of the state of the tissue. On the basis of a model of the ultrasonic signals reflected from soft tissue, the authors propose a method for estimating the frequency slope of the attenuation coefficient from such signals. This method features an autoregressive deconvolution procedure, which removes the incident waveform and other information irrelevant to the attenuation from the reflected signal, and a spectral smoothing procedure, which minimizes the variance of spectral slope estimation. The results of simulation and of processing actual human liver data (in vivo) show that the standard deviation of the estimation is approximately halved by this method, compared to the traditional spectral difference method.<<ETX>>
An FPGA Based Hybrid Processor Emulation Platform

This paper introduces a flexible, hybrid emulation platform for processor related emulation. It is based on a modern Xeon server and FPGA. With Intel processors implemented in FPGA and plugged into the Xeon server's processor socket, and with the Xeon BIOS modified to accommodate different cores, this platform is able to boot OS and run applications while interacting with the Xeon server's native hardware components. It enables researchers to do architectural changes in FPGA and quickly evaluate their effect on the whole platform. This platform is an ideal vehicle for research on processor technology, SoC architecture, reconfigurable computing, heterogeneous core architecture, etc.
Optimized GPU Framework for Speckle Reduction Using Histogram Matching and Region Growing

A GPU framework for ultrasound speckle reduction by region growing based on local statistics extracted from the histogram shape is presented. The required image processing is computationally intensive, involving histogram calculation, region growing, box filtering using different sizes of windows, and more. Here, we describe the use of a graphics processing unit for implementing image processing algorithms for speckle reduction that achieves a frame rate of 28 fps for the 512×512 image, about 81 times faster than the CPU implementation. Testing results from GPU and CPU are compared in terms of visual image quality and program runtime from different image sizes.
Analysis and forecast of transportation development on three intercity corridors in China

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are China's three City Concentrated Areas, or CCAs, whose intercity transportation demands are also the greatest. To meet the great intercity transportation demands, many expressways, high-speed railways and intercity railways are being constructed or planned on the major corridors such as Beijing-Tianjin, Shanghai-Nanjing and Guangzhou-Shenzhen, etc. This paper studies three intercity corridors' transportation characteristics, analyses the planning and technical-economic advantages of expressway and railway, forecasts the passenger and freight volumes in the future, and also gives proposals for intercity transport development on intercity corridors.
Descending rolling horizon procedure for equipment replacement problem

To handle the computational complexity of large-scale optimization problem, a special rolling horizon decomposition procedure is developed to address equipment replacement problems with long decision-horizons and multiple alternatives in this paper. The global objective is to minimize the total equipment replacement expense. The rolling horizon procedure decomposes the whole decision-horizon into serial rolling sub-decision-horizons where equipment replacement subproblems are established based on local objectives involving partial global objective. The rolling horizon procedure can easily handle the computational complexity of a large-scale equipment replacement problem. However, the rolling segmentation and merely local optimization are not able to necessarily lead to the global optimal solution because local objectives are not completely consistent with the global one. A terminal penalty is added into the local objective function of each sub-problem to lessen the disadvantageous impact of horizon decomposition. The terminal penalty is the maximum evaluation of replacement expense increment for the latter sub-decision-horizons due to merely considering local optimization in the current sub-problem without any consideration of the global objective. The theoretical analysis proves that the rolling replacement procedure with terminal penalty can make the global objective function values descending as serial sub-problems are solved and their partial solutions are merged into the global solution step by step. An extensive experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of descending rolling replacement procedure. The computational results also demonstrate that this procedure is better than traditional rolling horizon procedure for equipment replacement problem while only moderate computational efforts are needed.
Caching at the wireless edge: design aspects, challenges, and future directions

Caching at the wireless edge is a promising way to boost spectral efficiency and reduce energy consumption of wireless systems. These improvements are rooted in the fact that popular contents are reused, asynchronously, by many users. In this article we first introduce methods to predict the popularity distributions and user preferences, and the impact of erroneous information. We then discuss the two aspects of caching systems, content placement and delivery. We expound the key differences between wired and wireless caching, and outline the differences in the system arising from where the caching takes place (e.g., at base stations or on the wireless devices themselves). Special attention is paid to the essential limitations in wireless caching, and possible trade-offs between spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and cache size.
ROIA: The Architecture and State Consistency

Real-time online interactive application (ROIA) is an emerging distributed application in recent years. Compared with other general distributed applications, ROIA has its own challenging features. In this paper, we focus on the architecture and state consistency of ROIA. First, the paper classifies the architectures of ROIA in detail and compares their merits and disadvantages. Then, the paper discusses the key issue of ROIA: the state consistency. The paper analyzes the two basic consistency models, and describes the consistency maintenance in C/MS model.
A Fair Transaction Mechanism for P2P File-Sharing Applications

In P2P file-sharing applications, distributed virtual payment mechanism is designed to encourage resource sharing among peers and thus restrain free-riding behaviors. However, it does not provide any protection on the security of the transaction process and the quality of the trading contents. We design a fair transaction mechanism for P2P file-sharing applications, in which a trusted third party is constructed and used to guarantee the atomic operation of the file-money exchange, in virtue of the property of distributed payment mechanism. The trading file is signed with the seller's private key, which can be used as proof in case of dissension. Performance analysis indicates that the costs of fair transaction mechanism are limited in both trading session latency and overhead to the system.
A Flexible Waveform Power Amplifier Based on Switch-Linear Hybrid Scheme

Combining linear power amplifier with switch-mode power amplifier in a special manner, a novel switch-linear hybrid flexible waveform power amplifier ( SLH-FWPA) is proposed in this paper. The proposed amplifier employed a linear amplification unit as output stage to achieve high fidelity, and adopting a switch filter unit as the power supply of linear output stage to improve the efficiency. Small signal models of SLH-FWPA are derived and Orcad/Pspice simulation are also done in this paper. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the validity of SLH-FWPA.
Modal analysis and experimental study on round-ended CFST coupled column cable stayed bridge

The modal analysis and experimental study of Micro-expansive CFST coupled column single pylon cable stayed bridge was analyzed and its oscillating frequency and the corresponding mode were obtained from the calculation. A correlative analysis of the oscillating frequencies and modes both from the calculation and the experiments was carried out. The results from the correlative analysis proved that the dynamic analysis by the finite element model of cable stayed bridge was available for practice use.
On-line signature verification based on template matching approach and support vector data description

Automatic on-line signature verification is an intriguing intellectual challenge with wide attention and practical applications. To solve the difficulty of how to choose the verification threshold in signature verification, we present a novel method based on template matching approach and support vector data description (SVDD) in this paper. Investigates the details of the method and examines the validation of features extracted from 3-axis force of pen-tip to writing tablet. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated by the experiment..
A Parametric Level Set Method for Electrical Impedance Tomography

This paper presents an image reconstruction method based on parametric level set (PLS) method using electrical impedance tomography. The conductivity to be reconstructed was assumed to be piecewise constant and the geometry of the anomaly was represented by a shape-based PLS function, which we represent using Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF). The representation of the PLS function significantly reduces the number of unknowns, and circumvents many difficulties that are associated with traditional level set (TLS) methods, such as regularization, re-initialization and use of signed distance function. PLS reconstruction results shown in this article are some of the first ones using experimental EIT data. The performance of the PLS method was tested with water tank data for two-phase visualization and with simulations which demonstrate the most popular biomedical application of EIT: lung imaging. In addition, robustness studies of the PLS method w.r.t width of the Gaussian function and GRBF centers were performed on simulated lung imaging data. The experimental and simulation results show that PLS method has significant improvement in image quality compared with the TLS reconstruction.