nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Route Planning based on Floyd Algorithm for Intelligence Transportation System

A novel path planning approach based on Floyd algorithm for intelligence transportation system (ITS) is presented in this paper. For the route net can be converted into a topology, the optimal path in the route net of transportation system can be treated as the shortest path in a topology as well. So Floyd algorithm, which solves the shortest path in topology perfectly, is developed to solve the optimal route. And the globally optimal solution for ITS is obtained.
A Particle Swarm Optimization approach for PID controller system with disturbance

This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) based PID controller combined with the low-pass filter to overcome influence of disturbance. In practical applications, the ability of interference avoidance of PID controller should be considered in evaluating the performance of system response. In this study, the PID controller can combine with the low-pass filter in order to reduce interference of disturbance and track the input signal. The simulation results show that the disturbance rejection and set point tracking are satisfied and demonstrate the performance and system stability.
A method for fully utilizing the residual energy in used batteries

Non-rechargeable batteries are often discarded when their voltages cease to support the normal operations of electronic or electrical devices. By connecting a sufficiently large number of used batteries in series, the combined output voltage becomes operable, allowing for further drainage of the residual energy from these batteries. In this study, the discharge behaviors of primary alkaline batteries were characterized. The experimental results showed that batteries connected in series discharged non-uniformly. A "weakest-link" phenomenon was observed in that one battery discharged faster than others until it rendered the entire battery bank inoperable. This unconventional voltage supply required additional circuitries for regulation and/or protection to handle the relatively wide range of output voltage. Nevertheless, the concept of draining the residual energy by stacking up multiple used batteries is feasible. The method prolongs the service life of primary batteries and should lead to applications that benefit economy as well as environment. The potential extensions to this method are also discussed.
Nonolinear Transforms In Qrs Detection Algorithms

A nonlinear transform is typically used in a QRS detection algorithm to estimate the signal energy. In this study five different nonlinear transforms on the derivative of the ECG signal are evaluated. These transforms include squaring, 2-point multiplication, 2-point multiplication with sign consistency, 3-point multiplication, and 3-point multiplication with sign consistency. The AHA ECG data base is used to test the algorithms. We have found that the 3-point multiplication enhances the QRS complex most, and the sign consistency constraint is useful in rejecting abrupt transitions such as the pacer spikes. old is used in the decision stage as previously described . The adaptive threshold is used to increase the sensitivity of QRS detection as the elapsed time from the last QRS increases. Let 2, denote the 1st-order backward difference for the current ECG sample, and yn denote the output from the nonlinear transform. The five nonlinear transforms under investigation are, respectively, defined as follows:
Mixed Sources Localization Based on Sparse Signal Reconstruction

In this letter, a novel mixed sources localization method based on sparse signal reconstruction is presented, which can efficiently estimate direction-of-arrival (DOA) and range parameters of near-field and far-field sources. By constructing the cumulant domain data of array which is only related to DOA parameters of mixed sources, we obtain DOA estimation of all sources using the weighted l1-norm minimization. And then, a mixed overcomplete matrix on the basis of DOA estimation is introduced in the sparse signal representation framework to estimate range parameters and distinguish far-field sources from mixed sources. Compared with the two-stage MUSIC algorithm, the proposed method can provide improved accuracy and resolve closely spaced sources. The simulation results show the effectiveness of our method.
Translation evaluation without reference based on user behavior model

How to evaluate the translation of a machine translation system is a very important research topic. The traditional method of translation evaluation without reference is used to evaluate the translation from the linguistic characteristics mostly. In this paper, the user cost of post-editing operation is considered, and a new method of evaluation translation based on user behavior model is proposed. First of all, track and record the process from the post-editing of machine translation to the forming of the final translation, and extract the decision knowledge of a user behavior; then use the knowledge as an indicator of translation evaluation, and evaluate the machine translation by combining with a language model. Experimental results show that in the absence of reference, the present method is much better than the method of using linguistic characteristics only, and the present method is close to BLEU method with one reference in Spearmen's rank order correlation coefficient with human evaluation.
Illumination invariant tracking in office environments using neurobiology-saliency based particle filter

Background subtraction is a commonly employed approach for tracking in scenarios where the ambience is more or less constant in terms of illumination and number of objects. However in office environments, where the illumination can very easily change by switching off or on lights, the background subtraction method can lead to erroneous tracking. In this paper we propose a neurobiology-saliency based particle filter approach that uses low-level features like color, luminance and edge information along with motion cues to track a single person. We have tested our method on clips showing a single person carrying out a range of activities expected in an office environment. Our method performs better than a background subtraction method using a Kalman filter, in terms of the number of frames showing correct tracking and change detection for automatic initialization of tracks.
Angiographic Workstation Based On A Macintosh II

Software for qualitative and quantitative angiography is developed on a Macintosh I1 computer. The system serves as a low-cost workstation on a local area network. Via the network a sequence of angiograms is down-loaded to the workstation for the purpose of review and quantitative analysis. Under this workstation and network environment, the work load on the front-end processor for angiogram acquisition is distributed, and multiple access to the angiogram data base is allowed. This paper addresses the software development issues, presents some preliminary results, and assesses the performance of the workstation.
Nonlinear adaptive backstepping controller design for static VAR compensator

The problem of transient stability for a single machine infinite bus system with static VAR compensator (SVC) is addressed in this paper. In the system, the damping coefficients are measured inaccurately. A nonlinear robust controller and a parameter updating law are obtained simultaneously based on modified adaptive backstepping and Lyapunov methods. The system does not need to be linearized and the closed-loop error system is guaranteed to be asymptotically stable. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method provides better system response and robustness than the design based on conventional adaptive backstepping method.
Fabrication of silicon nanowires field effect transistors for biosensor applications

We use microelectronic techniques to fabricate silicon nanowires field effect transistors (SiNWs-FET). The source-drain current versus the voltage curve shows that the contact pad and the silicon nanowire form an ohmic contact. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) is used as interfacing molecules, and assembly of these molecules is essential in surface modification technologies. Then we modified biotin on SiNWs-FET to detect streptavidin. For SiNWs-FET, variation in molecular charge is reflected in a change in the wire current. The response of the drain-source current of biotin-modified SiNWs-FET to changes in streptavidin concentration was measured by using a lock-in technique. Control experiment was carried out before biotin modified, and the SiNWs-FET did not exhibit a current change when 10-7 M streptavidin passed through the microfluidic channel. This demonstrates that the APTES does not react to streptavidin. And in the present concentration-dependent real-time measurement of biotin modified SiNWs-FET, the detection limit of streptavidin is 10-8 M.
Development of an Activity Analyzer with voice directions for exercises

The purpose of the project is to develop an interactive, portable device capable of monitoring motion as well as provide user feedback to promote continued exercise. The intended utility of the Activity Analyzer is testing whether or not audio and digital feedback promotes higher levels of exercise in the elderly population, particularly when the audio feedback is comprised of personalized messages recorded by loved ones. The device uses a microprocessor interfaced with a voice record chip, as well as a three dimensional accelerometer for motion input and detection. The onboard microprocessor is used to evaluate physical performance, determine which messages to be played at specified times, as well as save all messages and scores (including a time stamp) to the onboard EEPROM. A prototype of the Actitivity Analyzer has been successfully constructed.
The specialty of “Information Service Engineering” in BUU: Talents cultivation mode and curriculum system

Along with service based economy has been the domination all over the world, it is necessary for universities to establish a corresponding discipline and specialty on service science to train college graduates with service-related skills and knowledge to facilitate the development of service economy in China. Service Science or Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME) is a growing multi-disciplinary research and academic effort that integrates aspects of established fields like computer science, operations research, engineering, management sciences, business strategy, social and cognitive sciences, and legal sciences. This paper briefly introduces the strategic vision on the development of specialty named “Information Service Engineering” in College of Information, Beijing Union University, including the specialty's goal and development ideas, talents cultivation mode, curriculum system, expected results, etc.
A Novel Method of Binaural Sound Localization Based on Dominant Frequency Separation

A novel method of binaural sound localization based on the dominant frequency separation is proposed. In this method, the ITD values is estimated by using the property for sound signals to keep their dominant frequency components unchanged in the frequency domain. To verify the validity of the suggested method, the test of the dominant frequency separation is made. Firstly, in frequency domain, the separation of the mixed signal of two signals is made by applying this method and the separated result is satisfactory. Secondly, the test of single sound source localization and that of two simultaneous sound sources localization are performed respectively under our test condition. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to provide a valid estimation of sound source directions and offer less computational complexity. sound source localization ; dominant frequency separation,;interaural time difference.
Multi-Objective Differential Evolution with Taguchi-based adjustable proportional distribution

Recently, Multi-Objective Differential Evolution (MODE), powerful and efficient population-based stochastic processing, has become an indispensable algorithm for solving numerical optimization problems widely. It is found in various benchmark functions that traditional MODE is unable to search global optima completely, falling into local optima because only using one strategy to search global optimal. This paper proposes adjustable proportional distribution (APD) mechanism to deal with this problem. The proposed APD-MODE can combine several strategies with proportional distribution to search global optima. It calculates proportions of each strategy in external archive and then uses Taguchi method to select the best proportion in evolution. In next iteration, it selects the best proportion to adjust particles size and scale factor F used in each strategy according to Taguchi method. Benchmark experiments prove that APD-MODE can improve the maximum spread of solutions in external archive and find global optima more effectively and completely.
Reconstruction of 3-D Binary Tree-Like Structures From Three Mutually Orthogonal Projections

A method is developed to generate the 3D binary representation for a tree-like object from three mutually orthogonal projections. This is done by first backprojecting the binarized images from three directions and then iteratively removing artifacts in the backprojection. Three different algorithms have been developed: the Lagrange multiplier algorithm, the conjugate gradient algorithm, and the minimum-voxel representation algorithm (MRA). The performance of these algorithms under noise-free conditions is evaluated using mathematically projected images of a 3D tree structure. While all three algorithms are capable of producing a relatively accurate reconstruction, the MRA is superior not only because it requires the least amount of computation but also because it uses binary instead of gray-scale information in the input images. Reconstruction of 3D coronary arterial structures using MRA is further verified with X-ray images of a human chest phantom and shows a satisfactory performance. The result of this study should be valuable for 3D imaging of blood vessels.
Automatic notch detection in retinal images

This paper presents a new method to detect notching in the optic cup using retinal images. Optic cup notching is an important feature in differentiating normal from glaucomatous eyes. The proposed notching detection method comprises four steps: disc and vessel segmentation, vessel bend detection at key regions, feature points selection and automatic classification. The key step of vessel bend detection involves computing the local curvature of the vessels, then ranking them based on the angle of vessel bend and the local gradient in the neighborhood region. The algorithm was tested on a set of color fundus images and achieved a notching detection rate of 88.9%, a false alarm rate of 4.0%, and an overall accuracy of 95.4%.
Joint cyber and physical attacks against topology of electric grids

This paper stands an attacker's point of view to develop a novel attack strategy that causes as much destructive as possible to the topology of electric network. By attacking transmission lines, power flow of girds will be changed, which could cause overload on other lines and possibly trigger cascading failures, and then lead to large areas blackout. Meanwhile, considering the limited resource of attacker, we propose a method to find out the minimum value to corrupt the measurements of attacked area, in order to mislead the control centre into detecting wrong attacked locations. Finally, the proposed attack strategy is explained in detail by IEEE 9-bus systems, and extending this application to a more complex networks that verified by IEEE 14-bus systems. Simulation results show that the damage risks of electric grids, caused by the proposed strategy, are increased at least 50% compared with traditional attack strategy.
Study on vehicle scheduling algorithm in distribution step

Vehicle scheduling problem in distribution step has always been the focus of domestic and overseas academic circles. Especially during recent years, with rising of logistics as a new industry, optimization of vehicle scheduling has become a hot issue. Optimization for vehicle scheduling in distribution step can not only save cost and improve economic returns for enterprises, but is also beneficial to realizing scientific logistics management. At present, there are many algorithms involved in vehicle scheduling and this paper chose two typical algorithms - traditional heuristics algorithm and genetic algorithm; characteristics of these two algorithms were discussed. Finally through comparison, it pointed out how to choose proper algorithm in solving practical problems.
Graph fitting test method for the interpolation error of moire fringe

In order to realize the fast test for the interpolation error, the graph fitting test method for the interpolation error of Moire fringe is put forward in this paper. Firstly, the triangular wave Moire fringe photoelectric signal of the encoder whose phase difference is 90° are sampled to get the Lissajous graph of the two signals. Secondly, the single wave represented by the founded subsection function is used to fit the practical Moire fringe Lissajous graph. Then, the fitting result is tested to verify whether it satisfies the accuracy requirement. Lastly, the founded subsection function instead of the practical wave function is used to calculate the interpolation error. Using the graph fitting method to sample the Moire fringe single of 15-bits photoelectric encoder to get the interpolation error curve, the tested maximum interpolation error is 70” and the minimum error is — 69”. Comparing with the interpolation error which is received from traditional test method, the change trend of the interpolation error curve is similar, and peak-peak value is almost equality. The results of experiment indicate that: the equipment is convenient and the examination method is efficient and feasible. The measure speed is fast and the manifestation result is intuitionistic. The system can be used in the working field. The method can avoid the speed influence and realize the dynamic interpolation error measure, which is significant for the research of encoder's dynamic accuracy characteristics.
A novel nonlinear adaptive robust control for multi-machine power system with STATCOM

For the Multi-Machine power system with STATCOM, it is equivalent to the two machine system. A nonlinear robust STATCOM controller is designed by using the improved backstepping method, immersion and invariant adaptive control and sliding mode control. Firstly, the parameter substitution law of damping coefficient is replaced by the immersion and invariant adaptive control. Then, based on the traditional backstepping method, the k-class function is added to improve the convergence rate of the system. And, in the last step of the backstepping design, the sliding mode control is added to enhance the robustness of the controller. The simulation results show that the STATCOM controller is more robust and adaptive ability, accelerates the convergence speed of the system, and obviously improves the stability of the multi-machine power system.
Study on the dynamic trajectory of industrial gravity center of the leading industry of the Yangtze River Delta from 1999–2012

With the escalation of the industrial structure, what the future of the Yangtze River Delta manufacturing will be, how the Yangtze River Delta to adjust the industrial structure to maintain good economic growth has become a community of common concern. This paper first uses principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the leading industry of the Yangtze River delta, and chooses three representative industries, namely the black metal smelting and rolling processing industry, general equipment manufacturing and computer and communication equipment manufacturing industry, to analyze the dynamic variation characteristic of the gravity centre of the leading industries from variation direction, distance by building industrial gravity center model. At last, we contrastively summarize the dynamic variation characteristic of the gravity centre of the leading industry of the Yangtze River Delta.
Hemodynamics of coronary sinus occlusion: a linear model

The coronary sinus occlusion pressure exhibits complicated frequency characteristics which can be modeled by either a nonlinear system approach or a high-order LTI (linear time-invariant) system approach. The LTI system presents a superior modeling methodology, due to the applicability of powerful analytical tools such as Fourier analysis. Using linear system identification techniques, a fifth-order LTI system was obtained to characterize coronary sinus occlusion pressure waveforms. Linear systems of lower order were found to have insufficient degree of freedom to model the hemodynamics of the coronary sinus occlusion. The resulting model from the systematic identification process was stable within a broad range of variations of heart rate and time constant of the coronary sinus occlusion pressure. This model provides a mathematical basis to study distributive properties in the coronary venous circulation and to optimize various treatment procedures of myocardium diseases via the coronary sinus.<<ETX>>