nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Binarizing the Courtesy Amount Field on Color Chinese Bank Check Images

A novel binarization method for courtesy amount recognition of color Chinese checks is proposed in this paper. It includes two steps: background removal and seal removal. In the first step, two complementary binarization methods (Otsu method and Niblack method) are combined. In the second step, a multi-stage method for seal removal is proposed. All the seal-like pixels whose colors are similar to red in HSI color space are extracted first. Then the covered strokes which are extracted in the first stage are brought back to the left image by thresholding in RGB color space. Experiments show that the proposed method performs very well with little noise and can be used to remove background and seals for courtesy amount recognition of Chinese checks.
Design of the wide band transmitter for the Ku band RF frontend

Implementation of a wideband RF transmitter is reported in this paper. In order to achieve the best performance, a super heterodyne architecture with RF of 14GHz and IF of 1.6GHz is employed, and the signal bandwidth is 1000MHz. Finally, measurement results of the transmitter are provided and the overall system performance indicated by EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) with 100MHz signal bandwidth (maximum digital modulation bandwidth available from Agilent with up to date measurement method) is reported.
Economic analysis and optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage system in active distribution network

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can achieve a better overall performance by combining power-type storage and energy-type storage. The combination enables active distribution network (ADN) to regulate power flow and manage energy more economically and realize active control. This paper analyzes the technical characteristics of the HES S to propose a control strategy of HESS applied in ADN at first. Under this strategy the effects of HESS in ADN, which are divided into of user side and of network side firstly, are measured in economic benefits for quantitative analysis. The economic model of HESS is built aiming at the optimal economic benefit. At last, the optimization calculate, using Lingo to solve, gives a conclusion of the economic benefit and optimal integration of HESS, which will be effectively applied for HESS planning and evaluation.
Image Retrieval Using Multi-granularity Features of Color and Texture

Making full use of image information with its own to extract features is the crucial problem in content based image retrieval (CBIR). In this paper, quotient space(QS) granularity computing theory is imported into image retrieval field, granularity thinking in image retrieval is clarified, and a novel image retrieval method is proposed. Firstly, aiming at the different behaviors under different granularities, color and texture features are obtained respectively under different granularities, different quotient spaces are achieve; secondly, do the attribute combination to the obtained quotient spaces according to the quotient space granularity combination principle; and then realize image retrieval using the combined attribute function. Comparing with methods adopting single attribute feature the image retrieval method based on quotient space granularity combination utilizes the image information with its own in a more effective way. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Integral input-to-state-K L∗-stability for hybrid dynamical systems

This paper aims to study the issue of integral input-to-state stability (iISS) for hybrid dynamical systems (HDS). The notions of iIS-KLθ L Kθ K0-property and iIS-K Lθ-stability were proposed for HDS. The iIS-K Lθ L Kθ K0-property, including input-to-state stability (iISS) and iIS-K Lθ-stability, is a more general input-to-state property and reflects the specific effects on the dynamic behavior of a HDS from its continuous/discrete-time subsystems and switching events. A HDS with iIS-K LθLKθ K0-property may be non-iISS. The relations between iIS-K LθLKθ K0-property and iIS-K LθL-stability are established under some hybrid dwell time condition. Moreover, a criterion of iIS-K Lθ-stability is derived by using the iIS-K LθLKθ K0-property of subsystems.
Modeling of High-Frequency Low Voltage Power Line Carrier Communication Channel

Low-voltage power line channel characteristics are designed for low voltage power line carrier communication system foundation. The paper used to design and develop a system for measuring the electrical characteristics of the low voltage power line communication network used to do high, including the noise characteristics of the input impedance characteristics, signal attenuation characteristics and systems, etc., a lot of experimental research. On this basis, the establishment of a low-voltage power grid will be used as a high-frequency carrier communication channel model. The model provides a practical and effective platform for the research and design of low voltage power line carrier communication system network has laid a good foundation.
Research on Ship Concurrent Collaborative Design Based on PDM

Recently, advanced information technologies have opened new possibilities for collaborative designs. In this paper a Web-based collaborative design environment is proposed, where heterogeneous design applications can be integrated with a common interface, managed dynamically for communicated with each other for intergrated muti-objective design. Conversing shipbuilding model, i.e. changing traditional series-wound design process to concurrent design process. The aim of converting shipbuilding mode is to enhance efficiency of shipbuilding, shorten production period and reduce cost. Through analysis of ship design features and demand, remote collaborative design system integration framework PDM-based is set up. In addition the further research work is put forward in this paper. In addition the further research work is put forward in this paper.
Connecting service ecologies - how to enable external consumers transparent access?

The digital ecosystem (DE) paradigm is a holistic management/design/integration approach that is based on the notion of self-interested, self-managing, proactive and autonomous digital entities that evolve and self-organize. While a DE can be realized using different technologies (e.g. P2P, multi-agent system) service-orientation (SO) is particularly well suited due to the similarity of underlying concepts.
High-spectral-resolution lidar for ocean biological carbon pump studies

Processes and strengths of the ocean's biological carbon pump are significant to the study of ocean carbon cycle. However, the development and the utilization of the ocean's biological carbon pump are greatly limited because of human's limited knowledge of the ocean. Remote sensing methods have played important roles in understanding and exploring the ocean, and the lidar is one of the most outstanding representatives for its high spatial and temporal resolution, especially the ability of the vertical detection. High-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) employs an ultra-narrow spectral filter to separate scattering signals between particles and water molecules without assuming a lidar ratio, and obtains the optical properties of the ocean with a high accuracy. Nevertheless, the complexity of the seawater causes variable optical properties, which gives huge potentiality to develop the HSRL working at different wavelengths in order to promote the inversion accuracy and increase the detection depth. The field-widened Michelson interferometer (FWMI), whose central transmittance can be tuned to any wavelength, can be employed as the HSRL spectral filter and solve the problem that the operating wavelength of the iodine filter cannot change. Moreover, the FWMI has a very large field of view, which gives its superiority over Fabry-Perot interferometer that is an another popular HSRL filter. The principle of the HSRL based on the FWMI designing for the ocean remote sensing will be presented in detail. Furthermore, the availability of the application of the FWMI influenced by the disturbance of the states of Brillouin scattering is analyzed and the preliminary theory shows that the HSRL instrument basing on FWMI could be employed in the marine remote sensing with a high accuracy.
Sound Speed Optimization Based on Acoustic Point Spread Function

A constant sound speed of 1.54 mm/mus is usually used by ultrasound imaging systems for focusing delay. In reality, there exists a mismatch between the assumed sound speed and the true sound speed propagated in the tissue. This mismatch can lead to defocusing and geometric distortions in ultrasound images which may degrade the accuracy of clinical diagnoses. We have analyzed this influence in detail. Based on the spatial-frequency characteristic of acoustic point spread function, we develop an algorithm to determine the sound speed which produces the best overall focus quality. The feature of the proposed method, including the effect of the range size is also discussed. We also compare our method with the mean brightness method. Testing results show clear improvement in ultrasound image quality.
A Novel Flexible Capacitor Voltage Control Strategy for Variable-Speed Drives With Modular Multilevel Converters

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is very popular in medium-voltage applications, such as high-voltage direct current transmission, static Var generator, and motor drives. The arm capacitor voltage of MMC is usually constant and the output voltage is adjusted by regulating the pulse width modulation (PWM) index for switches in previous studies. In this paper, a novel flexible capacitor voltage control strategy for MMC as motor drives was proposed, with which the arm capacitor voltage was controlled flexibly according to the motor speed, by regulating the dc component and ac component of the PWM reference signal, and unsymmetrical control was used for the control of the upper arm and the lower arm in MMC. With the proposed control strategy, the circuit efficiency and the precision of the output voltage of the converter could be improved when the motor speed was low, and di/dt and d v/dt of the motor windings could be decreased. These proposals were implemented on a laboratory prototype, and experiments were carried out. The validity of the control strategy under both steady and dynamic states was verified.
Stable isotopes in precipitation in relation to the meteorological factors in Yangtze river basin

Analysis is conducted on the temporal and spatial variations of stable isotopic composition in precipitation, using the data of IAEA/WMO sampling stations, in Yangtze river basin. The correlations between δ18O in precipitation and air temperature/amount of precipitation are analyzed at individual stations and in the whole valley on monthly or annual scales. There is notable amount effect, the distinct inverse relationship between δ18O and precipitation, on monthly scale in the Yangtze valley and at the selected stations except Chongqing. Compared with monthly scale, the positive correlation between δ18O and air temperature is more marked on annual scale. The interannual variations of δ18O reflect the change of large-scale climate and environment, and are mainly controlled by large-scale weather conditions.
Infrared face recognition based on blood perfusion and fisher linear discrimination analysis

To get the good performance of infrared face recognition from the biological feature and statistical character, a novel method for infrared face recognition based on blood perfusion and fisher linear optimal discrimination is proposed in this paper. Firstly, thermal images are converted into blood perfusion domain by blood perfusion model to enlarge between-class distance and lessen within-class distance, which makes full use of the biological feature of the human face. Then, the FLD is chosen to maximize the ratio of between-class distance to within-class distance from the statistical scope. The experiments illustrate that transformation from thermal images to blood perfusion domain can enlarge the ratio of between-class distance to within-class distance and the method proposed in this paper has better performance compared with traditional methods.
The design and calculation of the mooring system of saucer-like Wave Energy Convertor

Saucer-like Wave Energy Convertor is an offshore wave energy convertor for collecting the overtopping waves and converting the water head into electric power. The mooring system of this new type ocean device is designed in the present paper. A new design plan of the mooring system called Chain Tension Leg is proposed and calculated by AQWA, which has confirmed that the design plan is suitable for this device.
Analysis of 220-GHz Low-Loss Quasi-Elliptic Waveguide Bandpass Filter

A 220-GHz low-loss and wideband waveguide bandpass filter with fourth-order quasi-elliptic response is presented and analyzed in this letter. An electric cross-coupling realized by easily manufactured capacitive iris is introduced in the classical folded quadruplet topology. The prototype fabricated by conventional computer numerical control (CNC)-metal-milling technology exhibits meaningful results of an insertion loss of around 0.6 dB and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 9.8% centered at 214.3 GHz, which are in excellent agreement with the simulated ones. The effects of tolerance and surface roughness on the filter performance are discussed in detail. All the results indicate that the present CNC process can meet the accuracy and roughness requirement of such waveguide filter in WR-4 band.
The Complexity Measure of Groundwater Depth Series in Sanjiang Plain Based on Approximate Entropy

Influenced by high-strength agricultural activities, climate and so on,the system of groundwater resources has gained more characters of complex system in Sanjiang Plain. Take Jiansanjiang Bureau for example, the approximate entropy is adopted to analyze the complexity of groundwater depth series in 7 production teams. The results show the complexity order from big to small as follows:4th production team of Qianjin Farm, 69th production team of Qixing Farm, 22th production team of Qianjin Farm, 1th production team of 859 Farm, 26th production team of 859 Farm, 11th production team of Qianjin Farm, 21th production team of 859 Farm. We can see that the groundwater exploitation is the key factor in groundwater dynamic variation. The results reveal the essence of complex dynamic system, providing a basis for decision-making in managing groundwater resources scientifically in Jiansanjiang Bureau and even the Sanjiang Plain. Keywords-approximate entropy; Sanjiang Plain; groundwater depth; complexity
About the application of the van Cittert-Zernike theorem in ultrasonic imaging

The specific circumstances under which the van Cittert-Zernike theorem applies in ultrasonic imaging systems are examined through analysis and computations. Expressions are obtained for the mutual coherence function of an incoherent source when the signals are discrete in time and space and have finite lengths. Expressions are also obtained for statistics and effective signal-to-noise ratios that describe the error in the assumption of an incoherent source with finite signal lengths. Images of a one-dimensional source are reconstructed for different signal lengths and different pulse windows. The results show that ultrasonic signals with a relatively long effective length are needed to satisfy the incoherence requirement for image reconstruction based on the van Cittert-Zernike theorem. Consequently, although the van Cittert-Zernike theorem may be used to estimate the coherence length of ultrasonic signals in the aperture of an imaging system, special data acquisition techniques are needed for satisfactory reconstruction of ultrasonic images when depth resolution like that in current b-scans is required.<<ETX>>
Manipulating image patches for compression

We consider how to exploit the correlation in image for compression by virtue of studying image patches in a non-parametric manner. Instead of extracting and recording parameters, our approach directly operates on image patches. The basic assumption is that a subset of image patches can be well inferred from the others; therefore, they can be removed at encoder only to be restored at decoder. Meanwhile, assistant information is transmitted for the restoration, which actually encodes the similarity between removed and preserved patches. The entire scheme is built upon an optimization framework, which is decoupled and solved accordingly.
Human Health Risk Assessment on Drinking Water Safety in Rural Area of Ya'an

This paper applied the health risk assessment model recommended by the American Environmental Protection Bureau (EPA) , calculation the health risk and analysis the test index about As, Hg, Cr 6+ , Pb, Cd, F in Ya'an rural drinking water. The result indicates that the average concentration of the pollutants are respectively as follows: As: 0.004 mg/l, Hg: 0.001 mg/1, Cr 6+ : 0.005-0.015 mg/l, Pb: 0.01 mg/l, Cd: 0.005 mg/l, F: 0.01~1.4 mg/l. Among the non-carcinogenic health risk in the research areas caused by the drinking water, the Pb's risk is the biggest, followed by F and Hg which risk level is 10 -8 /a ~10 -10 /a; the carcinogenic risk caused by Cr 6+ is the biggest, reaching 10 -4 /a, and meets the EPA requirement, but is higher than the maximal risk level that International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) can accept.
Re-weighting relevance feedback image retrieval algorithm based on particle swarm optimization

Aiming at the inflexible re-weighting problem of relevance feedback (RF) in image retrieval, a re-weighting relevance feedback method utilizing particle swarm optimization (PSORW-RF) is proposed. Firstly, initialize feature weightings randomly, then use the variances of the positive and negative feedback samples' features as study principle, utilize particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize weightings according to user's retrieval requirement, and obtain retrieval results at last. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is validity.
Survivability evaluation of distributed service using stochastic Petri net

We present a quantitative method based on stochastic Petri net (SPN) to evaluate the survivability of distributed service. Three types of combination service models: one-to-one, one-to-N, and M-to-N are studied, which can reflect survivability of distributed service from a different perspective. Absorbing-state reliability, maintainability and steady-state availability are considered as measures of survivability, and calculated by reduced SPN models and underlying Markov chains (MC). In terms of this method, we make a survivability evaluation systematically by taking Finance Service Network (FSN) as an example. Numerical results indicate that the approach of this paper is effective and efficient for evaluation the survivability of distributed service.
Optimal design of reserve price in online auction

By introducing the factors of online auction like the entry fee, the commission, the penalties and the stochastic arrival of bidders, the dissertation formulates online auctions' decision-make model of maximization of seller's expected revenue in open reserve price and private reserve price respectively, and studies the online auction's optimal open reserve price and optimal private reserve price, and gives the general form of optimal reserve price. On the base of all these above, the optimal reserve price is analyzed, showing that the sellers' optimal open reserve price is the same to the optimal private reserve price, and the maximum expected revenues are equal.
Study on Peak Discharge Periodicity of Zi River Based on Wavelet Analysis

As one of the main rivers in Hunan Province, Zi River is rich in water quantity. With rainstorm and serious waterlogging disaster, the study on water quantity periodicity of Zi River has great practical significance. In this paper, water resources situation of Zi River valley is introduced. Using the method of Wavelet Analysis, Peak Discharge periodicity of Zi River is studied. By studying, the Peak Discharge periodicity of Zi River valley is notable. There are two fluctuations of periodicity appear in 23-year and 18-year. In addition the low-frequency fluctuation and the high-frequency fluctuation are weak.
Research on low-frequency Wake-up in TPMS

At present majority Pressure-Sensor Based TPMS is a simplex communication system. The paper applies the technology of low-frequency wake-up to realize the TPMS bidirectional communication and Low-Power consumption of the sensor module. In the design of TPMS, the character of Atmel low frequency communication ATA5283, ATA5275 are introduced. The corresponding communication system for low frequency Wake-up are described in detail. Furthermore, the application in a Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is given; a hardware realization scheme of low frequency Wake-up is proposed; a relevant software process is designed. The system processes many advantages in low power and security.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Motion Compensation Refinement for Video Coding

Inspired by the great success of convolutional neural network (CNN) in computer vision, we propose a CNN-based method to refine the motion compensation in video coding. First, we study a simple CNN-based motion compensation refinement (CNNMCR) scheme, where we train a CNN to refine the motion compensated prediction directly. Second, we consider to exploit the contextual information for the refinement, and propose a more powerful CNNMCR scheme, where the CNN utilizes not only the motion compensated prediction, but also the neighboring reconstructed region to refine the prediction. We integrate the simple CNNMCR and the CNNMCR schemes into the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) framework. Experimental results show that both schemes achieve better compression performance than the HEVC anchor, leading to on average 1.8% and 2.3% BD-rate reduction, respectively, under low-delay P configuration. Furthermore, the combination of our proposed CNNMCR and the overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC) technique provides as high as 5.2% BD-rate reduction.
Experimental study on the contamination deposition characteristics of insulators in a fog–haze environment

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of fog and haze in China has attracted increasing attention in the field of electrical insulation. Fog–haze weather is an extreme weather condition with high humidity, high concentrations of suspended particulate matter, and sometimes high conductivity. This exacerbates insulator surface contamination and moistens the contamination layer, which may lead to flashover incidents. Here, an experimental system was established to simulate the fog–haze environment under controlled and tunable conditions. Simulated contamination tests were then conducted using three typical insulators. The influence of insulator type and environmental parameters was investigated. Test results showed that higher humidity led to faster pollution accumulation for all three insulators. Moreover, equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) on the surface increased linearly with increasing fog conductivity, and that on the upper surface rose faster. The ESDD increased significantly under AC voltage, especially on the lower surface. Finally, insulator contamination was studied in a real-world fog–haze environment with periodic measurement of the ESDD and environmental parameters. The ESDD showed a good correlation with the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. This work should have relevance for the external insulation of the power grid to resist the effects of fog and haze.