nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial Special Issue on Green Power Supplies

A traditional field for power Electronics, Power supply technology is still the key application area that covers computing, telecommunication, server, data center, industry, automobile, electric vehicles (EVs), medical, appliance, solar inverters, and so on. Recent advances have made power supplies greener than before, as they become more energy efficient, cost effective, and environment friendly. Recent development in silicon power device and in wide bandgap devices has improved power density and conversion efficiency. These emerging devices, together with improvements in topologies, cooling, and passive components, are shrinking the size. Magnetic material, passive component design, and integration have contributed to miniaturization with improved manufacturability. Digital control, with low-cost DSP and other control ICs, has advanced the overall performance significantly.
Edge-based adaptive support region computing algorithm for local tone mapping

Conventional dodging-and-burning in Reinhard's photographic algorithm often suffer from halo artifacts or a loss of details, which is due to the failure of distinguishing the regions with few strong edges from the ones with lots of weak details during the local mapping. In this paper, we propose an edge-based adaptive support region computing algorithm for local tone mapping. The proposed algorithm operates maximum filters with gradually extending size for the edge of the original image to compute support regions, which manages to make a distinction between weak details and strong edge effectively, and could get more appropriate support regions. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can not only preserve more details but also run much faster.
A novel trusted routing scheme using attribute similarity for VANET

In this paper, we propose a novel trusted routing scheme under consideration to communication reliability and path length for reliable packet delivery in VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network). We introduce the concept of attribute similarity to find some potential friendly nodes among strangers. Also we put forward a new forwarding rule based on attribute similarity, give some recommendatory methods to calculate attribute similarity. The simulations show that the proposed scheme behaves better than DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) protocol on standing against malicious nodes.
A Deep-Intelligence Framework for Online Video Processing

Video data has become the largest source of big data. Owing to video data's complexities, velocity, and volume, public security and other surveillance applications require efficient, intelligent runtime video processing. To address these challenges, a proposed framework combines two cloud-computing technologies: Storm stream processing and Hadoop batch processing. It uses deep learning to realize deep intelligence that can help reveal knowledge hidden in video data. An implementation of this framework combines five architecture styles: service-oriented architecture, publish-subscribe, the Shared Data pattern, MapReduce, and a layered architecture. Evaluations of performance, scalability, and fault tolerance showed the framework's effectiveness. This article is part of a special issue on Software Engineering for Big Data Systems.
A CDS-based topology control algorithm for ensuring area coverage and lifetime in wireless sensor networks

Research on connectivity and coverage under the premise of ensuring the network lifetime is one of the basic problems for wireless sensor networks. The CDS-based topology construction algorithms A3 and A3Cov are well-known strategies to save energy and extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. By setting the time and energy thresholds in the topology maintenance phase, this paper analyzes the performances of Time-based A3, Time-based A3Cov, Energy-based A3 and Energy-based A3Cov from the aspects of lifetime and sensing coverage. Simulation results show that Energy-based A3Cov performs best before 10000 time units. But it does not perform well in the later stages of the lifetime. So we apply the network coding technology in the Energy-based A3Cov algorithm, and then a new algorithm named Energy-based NCA3Cov is proposed. In which different buffers are set for one-hop nodes (from sink), two-hop nodes (from sink), and important nodes (the node degree is greater than average degree). Information is forwarded only when the buffer is full. Simulation results show that the NCA3Cov is able to find better topologies than the A3Cov algorithm, and extending the network lifetime.
A tractable mechanism for external calibration in non-overlapping camera network

To use a non-overlapping camera networks, the cameras' external parameters (i.e. the position and orientation of the camera) must be calibrated first. Among the popular approaches, the method proposed by Ali has been shown to work effectively with less constraints compared to alternative approaches. However, the poor robustness of the method, which may incur some practical problems, inspires us to develop a three-step mechanism to address these problems. First, the factors of the measurements impacting the error of the results are analyzed based on more than 10,000 synthetic trajectories. Second, the trajectories are classified into 4 reasonable types according to these factors. Finally, based on the statistics, this paper presents a tractable mechanism for selecting or generating the best route for the calibration target to take in order to provide improved calibration results for the cameras. The comparison between the errors associated with trajectories generated with or without the proposed mechanism are presented using a Cumulative Density Function (CDF) curve.
A new parallel video understanding and retrieval system

In this paper, a hybrid parallel computing framework is proposed for video understanding and retrieval. It is a unified computing architecture based on the Map-Reduce programming model, which supports multi-core and GPU architectures. A key task scheduler is designed for the parallelization of computation tasks. The SVM method is used to train models for video understanding purposes. To effectively shorten the training and processing time, the hybrid computing framework is used to train large scale SVM models. The TRECVID database is used as the basic experimental content for video understanding and retrieval. Experiments were conducted on two 8-core servers, each equipped with NVIDIA Quadro FX 4600 graphics card. Results proved that the proposed parallel computing framework works well for the video understanding and retrieval system by speeding up system development and providing better performances.
B-Scan Images Analyzed By CNN and Co-Occerrence Matrix

In this paper, we combine cellular neural network (CNN) and gray step co-occurrence matrix to process B-scan images of fatty patients' livers. We deal with the B-scan images of fatty patients' livers by the edge detection cellular neural network, and then analyze the B-scan image features, including the co-occurrence matrix's contrast (Contrast), correlation (Correlation), energy (Energy) and homogeneity (Homogeneity). The value of Contrast on 0deg direction seems to correlate to the degree of the damage of patients' livers. It is expected that the method provided in this paper will be helpful to the diagnosis of biomedical images.
Adaptive Current Source Drivers for MHz Power Factor Correction

Current Source Drivers (CSDs) are investigated for MHz Power Factor Correction (PFC) applications. Due to the fast duty cycle change, the half-bridge (HB) CSD topology can hardly be accepted for high frequency PFC Applications. To solve the problem, the full-bridge (FB) CSD topology is used instead. It is interesting to note that the FB CSD with the continuous inductor current can actually achieve adaptive drive currents inherently depending on the drain currents in the main power MOSFETs to achieve optimal design. The loss analysis and design procedure are also presented for the FB CSD for the boot PFC converter. Due to the fast switching speed and the switching loss reduction, an efficiency improvement of 3.5% can be achieved to a 1MHz/ 300W boost PFC converter with the line input voltage of 110V. The analysis and simulation results verified the conclusion.
A simplified charge balance control for better unloading response

In this paper, a novel control strategy is presented which is capable of controlling a 12V-1.5V main Buck converter and an auxiliary converter to achieve significantly improved unloading response performance. While the charge balance controller minimizes the settling time of the main Buck converter, the auxiliary circuit is controlled in boundary conduction mode for a predictable pattern of auxiliary switching to reduce the output overshoot. Therefore, the reliability and dynamic performance of the entire system is significantly enhanced. Compared with existing technologies, the proposed BCM auxiliary switching strategy achieves improved output voltage overshoot and reduced auxiliary power losses at the same time. Furthermore, numerical analysis of the improved output voltage overshoot has been conducted for a design guideline. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed scheme on a 12V-1.5V 10A Buck converter prototype.
3-D Resistive Memory Arrays: From Intrinsic Switching Behaviors to Optimization Guidelines

3-D resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) is a promising candidate for high-density nonvolatile memory applications, as well as for monolithic 3-D integration interleaved with logic layers. In this paper, we develop a methodology for assessing and optimizing large-scale 3-D RRAM arrays. A systematic study on the intrinsic switching behaviors and optimization of 3-D RRAM arrays is performed, combining device measurements and 3-D array simulations. The dependence of programming voltage on array size, cell location and pulse parameters, statistical properties of operating 3-D RRAM arrays, and subthreshold disturbance on RRAM cells is experimentally investigated. Optimization guidelines for the performance and reliability of 3-D RRAM arrays from device level to architecture level are presented: 1) an optimized 1/n architecture for 100-kb 3-D RRAM arrays can improve write margin by 69.6% and reduce energy consumption by 75.6% compared with a conventional full-size array design; 2) a strategy of prioritizing storage location for reliable operation is presented; and 3) an optimal hopping barrier of oxygen ions is found to improve array immunity to disturbance.
Bayesian methodology for system reliability assessment

High product quality and reliability are critical in the medical device industry. Accurate reliability prediction during the product development stage provides inputs for the design strategy and boosts understanding and confidence in product reliability before products are released to the market. A Bayesian framework provides a straightforward solution for product system reliability prediction with quantified uncertainty. This is achieved by propogating the uncertainty of model parameters, use conditions, and component-level reliability to the system level. In cases where a single data source is insufficient to accurately estimate reliability due to sample size limitations or potential biases, Bayesian methods are flexible to aggregate various sources of data to reduce uncertainty. In this work, Bayesian models are applied in the Design for Reliability process to assess medical device system reliability with confidence, where frequentist methods may be approximate or non-existent.
Analysis of TOA estimation using the received signal characteristics in IR UWB ranging with energy detection receiver

The energy detection (ED) receiver is a practical solution for time of arrival (TOA) estimation in ultra wideband (UWB) ranging. The task of TOA estimation under UWB dense multipath channel is to determine the direct path (DP). In the ED receiver, threshold-crossing (TC) is used a lot. However, the threshold should be elaborately chosen, or else the false detection probability will be high. It is difficult to acquire the optimal threshold. In our previous study, we have proposed a novel method to estimate the TOA based on the received signal characteristics, which is effective and robust. However, there is not enough in-depth analysis of the method in the original paper in which the novel method is proposed. In this study, we make a further analysis of the method in several aspects, especially some key parameters which can affect the TOA estimation performance of our method. Some important and interesting conclusions are drawn in this paper. Simulations are carried out to verify these conclusions in the IEEE 802.15.4a channels.
A testbed for deploying distributed state estimation in power grid

With the increasing demand, scale, and data information of power systems, fast distributed applications are becoming more important in power system operation and control. This paper proposes a testbed for evaluating power system distributed applications, considering data exchange among distributed areas. A high-performance computing (HPC) version of distributed state estimation is implemented and used as an example distributed application. The IEEE 118-bus system is used to deploy the parallel distributed state estimation, and the MeDICi middleware is used for data communication. The performance of the testbed demonstrates its capability to evaluate parallel distributed state estimation by leveraging the HPC paradigm. This testbed can also be applied to evaluate other distributed applications.
A new reduction algorithm - difference-similitude matrix

In this paper, we present a new reduction algorithm. The main idea comes from showroom's discernibility matrix. Discernibility matrix only takes advantage of the difference of the condition attributes of the objects. But we also take the similitude of the condition attributes into account. By analyzing the difference and similitude of the conditional attributes of IS, the DSM (difference-similitude matrix) is formed. By defining the significance of the attributes and the uniformity of the objects, and analyzing the elements m/sub ij//sup d/ & m/sub ij//sup s/in DSM, a new data reduction algorithm is put forward. The algorithm can obtain as minimal rules as possible while preserving the consistency of classifications. This reduction algorithm based on DSM is employed to analyze databases from UCI. Through comparing the reduction result of DSM algorithm and the discernibility matrix algorithm, it shows that DSM algorithm can obtain higher reduction rate of objects. Tested by "leave-one-out", DSM algorithm is proved to have higher correctness.
A Novel Vector Synthetic Dipole Antenna and Its Common Aperture Array

A novel vector synthetic dipole (VSD) antenna is first demonstrated in this communication. Its structure is very simple. The antenna consists of a reflector, four aluminum plates, and a feeding substrate. It can provide a wide bandwidth from 690 to 960 MHz when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert \text{S}_{11}\vert < -14$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB or VSWR < 1.5. The antenna size is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$118 \times 118\times 78$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>3</sup>, far less than the size of the similar antennas. Extremely high port isolation and low cross polarization are obtained due to the adoption of the vector synthesis technique. Then, an upper band element is put into the cavity formed by the lower band VSD element, realizing common aperture. Another upper band element is settled next to them with a certain distance, making the whole structure easy to be extended to an array. By using reasonable phase compensation, this hybrid antenna can obtain a good radiation pattern. To further verify the design, an array that consists of two lower band elements and four upper band elements is manufactured and tested. The proposed antenna has the merits of compact size, wide bandwidth, high isolation, and good radiation performance. It will find wide application in the current and future communication systems.
A High Throughput Approach to Combinatorial Search on Grids

Current distributed combinatorial search algorithms assume the use of managed or reserved resources. However, grid resources are shared and exhibit highly dynamic availability. Accommodating these resources in runtime collaboration for distributed search applications is a challenge. We work on nagging, a naturally scalable and fault-tolerant distributed search paradigm, and propose a high throughput collaboration approach, NoG (nagging on grid), that is continuously adaptive to dynamic resource availability. Dynamic scheduling and collaboration tree grafting algorithms are devised to handle dynamic join and leave of grid resources
A Stop Planning Method over Big Traffic Data for Airport Shuttle Bus

With the growing volume of the airport passengers, public transit is needed for healthy and sustainable city development, in which airport shuttle buses play a key role in satisfying the demand. In this paper, a two-phase airport shuttle bus stop planning method is proposed based on taxi GPS data. It aims at providing convenient public transit to the airport by identifying optimal airport shuttle bus stop. In our method the first phase focuses on filtering the irrelevant "dirty" records. Then the remained data set is divided into two parts consisting of origin dataset and destination dataset. In the second phase, the k-means clustering algorithm is employed to identify representative points as candidate airport shuttle bus stops based on these two datasets. After that, taking advantage of traffic model and rules defined in traffic engineering, the candidate stops set can be further optimized. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on a large-scale real-world taxi GPS data set to verify the practicality of our method on an In-memory database platform, HANA.
An Accurate Design Algorithm for LLC Resonant Converters—Part II

This paper proposes a new approach to optimally design LLC converters. The core of the proposed approach is an accurate algorithm that can find all the possible designs satisfying the peak-gain requirement. Designers can conveniently evaluate several design results and find the optimal one for their respective applications. Part II of this paper discusses design considerations and procedure using the proposed algorithm. Case studies reveal different design tradeoffs in different application scenarios. A 384-V nominal 300-V minimum input voltage range 12-V/50-A output LLC converter prototype with 97.3% peak efficiency is built to verify the proposed design algorithm.
Dynamic Policy Scheme for Resource Allocation in Mobile IP Handoff

For the problem of multimedia applications not obtain assuring service immediately after mobile IP handoff we propose dynamic policy and design the dynamic policy scheme of resource management in mobile IP. Based on the prediction information of the mobile node, the mechanism automatically produces dynamic policies to do admission control and to prepare resources before handoff occurs. And then it uses core policies existed as reference and applies product space conditional event algebra to trigger enforcement of dynamic policy. When the resources in access domain fell short of mobile nodes' requisition, it adopts "step back" arithmetic to update dynamic policies to further adjust resource possession according to the priority to assure the services credibility. By analysis, it is shown that this scheme can guarantee QoS of applications with higher priority and significantly improve the success rate of handoff. Also this management model is much more flexible than traditional methods.
Bipolar resistive switching behaviors of Ag/Si3N4/Pt memory device

The resistive switching behavior of Ag/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Pt device was observed and studied for the first time. Resistance ratio larger than 4*10<sup>2</sup> and 10<sup>4</sup>s retention time were achieved which indicating its potential for resistive switching memory application. A physical model is proposed to explain the resistive switching behaviors of Ag/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Pt devices.
An Efficient RFID Authentication Protocol for Low-Cost Tags

With the increased popularity of RFID applications, various authentication protocols have been proposed to provide security and privacy for RFID tags. However, most protocols require a high computational cost in verifying the tagpsilas reply in the authentication server. This paper presents an efficient mutual authentication protocol using one-way functions only. In the proposed protocol, the authentication sever just needs to compute very limited times to find out the identifier of the RFID tag irrespective of the total number of the tags. Also, the response of the tag is changed in every authentication to avoid tag tracing. In addition, a challenge-response approach is performed to overcome tag cloning and replay attack. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is secure against eavesdropping, compromising attack, denial of service attack and other common attacks.
A unified approach to analytical analysis over generalized fading channels

In this paper, we propose a unified and analytical approach to evaluate both interference and system performance over generalized fading channels. The analytical solution proposed is quite general, applicable to envelop and power statistics, aggregate interference of arbitrary input and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), distributions and higher order statistics, interference and system performance over generalized fading channels including simple fading channels and composed fading channels. What enables the unification of the approach is the algebra and statistic merits of Fox's H function and distribution. Finally, the unified approach is well tested and verified by Monte Carlo simulations with controllable errors.
Chopper-cycloconverters for energy saving in motor control

This paper proposes chopper-cycloconverters with simplest topologies, minimum devices and simple control modes for energy saving in motor systems. Typical waveforms and control regulations are presented. Passive freewheeling unit is introduced for reduce active device and simplifying the control method. Theoretical and simulation analyses show the significance in auxiliary small size applications for higher power factor operation than that of the traditional cycloconverters. The total power consumptions of them should be emphasized adequately in today's lacking of energy.
A new adaptive bacterial swarm algorithm

Bacterial foraging optimizer (BFO) is currently getting more and more popular in the community of researchers, for its effectiveness in solving certain difficult real-world optimization problems. Until now, several hybrid approaches integrating BFO with other meta-heuristics methods has been proposed to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of basic BFO. However, the idea behind these hybrid schemes lies in implementing each meta-heuristic algorithm in turn one by one, thus the potential of the BFO can not be fully explored. In this paper we propose a new adaptive bacterial swarm algorithm, termed as ABSA, in order to further accelerate the convergence speed and enhance the accuracy of the adaptive BFO. Firstly, a novel swarming operation is designed for searching the optimal solutions on each field which is comprised of two or three dimensional space. Then, a novel chemotactic mechanism, which is inspired by the concept of hierarchical particle swarm optimizer with time-varying acceleration coefficients, is proposed for controlling the global search and converging to the global optimum. Empirical simulations over several numerical benchmarks demonstrate the proposed ABSA has shown much better convergence behavior, as compared against other adaptive BFO versions.