nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Space-Time Block Coding for IR-UWB

In order to enhance the transmission performance of the IR-UWB (impulse radio ultra wideband) system, the space-time technology of MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) has been considered. In view of the low power in the UWB mobile terminal, we need to estimate the channel in the receiver when using the space-time code. However, the complexity of the terminal is increased. For this reason, the UWB difference space-time block code (DSTBC) is proposed for BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) IR-UWB in this paper, which does not need to estimate the channel in the receiver and simplified the terminal complexity. the simulation show the performance of the scheme and prove it efficient and available.
Study on Guided Ultrasonic Waves Propagating along Pipes with Fluid Loading

Guided ultrasonic wave technique was introduced as a promising non-destructive long range pipe inspection method. Theory of guided waves traveling along pipes with fluid loading on the inside and outside of the pipe was described. The effect of inner and outer media was investigated by considering a steel pipe with air and water inside and outside the experimental pipe. Longitudinal guided wave was used to examine pipes with artificial defects and its propagation characteristics along the pipe were studied. Good agreement has been obtained between the experiments and predictions for pipes with different loading on the pipe. In the end, Site experiment was carried out on a heating pipe with asbestos coating in the residential area of Bohai Oil Company, China
Biomechanical model-based multi-sensor motion estimation

Motion estimation drift has been a challenge in inertial sensor motion capture research. This paper presents a novel biomechanical model-based multi-sensor motion estimation method working on a group of sensor units attached to a limb. In this method, biomechanical model provides constraints and defines relationships among sensors. The motion parameters of neighboring segments are estimated together by using unscented Kalman filter with those constraints and relationships. The performance of this method is benchmarked through the optical/inertial combined capture experiments. The experiment results show that our algorithm increases the accuracy of motion estimation.
A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Ant Search for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem

By integrating the advantages of both PSO algorithm and ant colony algorithm, we present a hybrid discrete PSO algorithm with ant search for solving traveling salesman problem (TSP). In this algorithm, particle swarm search firstly, and worse chromosomes of the particle swarm is replaced by solutions obtained from ant colony search, so as to increase the diversity and improve the quality of the particle swarm . By setting the initial pheromone trail based on the best chromosome of all particles, the accumulation process of pheromone trail is greatly shortened, and the searching speed of ants is quickened. The numerical tests show that this algorithm is effective.
Force clamp and electrical stimulation on decapod appendages

The musculature of the decapods allows for a wide variety of motion given the limited degrees of freedom of motion granted. This study focuses on a single degree of motion of a single leg segment of the crab (Menippe mercenaria) in response to electrical stimulation. A microprocessor was programmed to trigger an electrical stimulator and to provide force and length controls of the induced contraction. Digital feedback control algorithms were implemented on the microprocessor in conjunction with the Aurora Dual Mode Lever System to provide force clamp, length clamp, as well as other loading conditions. The resulting experiment setting provides a useful platform for studying the mechanics of muscle contractions.
Research on thermoelectric characteristics and recognition methods of looseness fault in coal-mine bolted cable joint

The coal-mine bolted cable joints are widely used in electrical connection between the cable and electrical equipment. It's particularly important to recognize timely the electrical connection looseness fault of coal-mine bolted cable joints. Lots of looseness fault experiments of silver-plated copper cable joint under different loosening state, current and load conditions were carried out with self-developed experimental platform. The temperature characteristics, contact voltage and current characteristics of the loosening bolted cable joint under different conditions were studied. A new looseness fault identification method based on current energy entropy and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) was proposed. The multi-resolution analysis of current signal was conducted by using wavelet transform and the current energy entropy used as a typical feature parameter of electrical connection looseness fault was extracted. The looseness fault can be identified accurately by putting the current energy entropy into a PNN fault diagnosis model. It showed that the method can identify the electrical connection looseness fault of coal-mine bolted cable joint effectively.
Locality perserving projections algorithm for hyperspectral image dimensionality reduction

Feature extraction is an necessary preprocessing step for information extraction from hyperspectral remote sensing data. We exploit locality preserving projections (LPP) for dimensionality reduction, leading to a low-dimensional embedding. Given a subset of hyperspectral image, by LPP, we project them into a low-dimensional space to preserve much of the geometric structure. Hyperspectral image classification is then achieved using Support Vector Machine. To evaluate the proposed method, LPP methord was examined in terms of spatial information preservation. The preliminary result of this study demonstrated that it is effective.
53.3 W Visible-Waveband Extra High Power Supercontinuum All-Fiber Laser

A visible-waveband extra high power supercontinuum (SC) all-fiber laser is demonstrated. The laser structure includes a seed laser, master power amplifier, and the SC generation system, which usually adopts photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with small mode area as the nonlinear (NL) medium. A repetition frequency multiplier is utilized in the seed laser to adjust the pulse peak power and suppress the NL effects in the amplification process. Additionally, a homemade all-fiber high power mode field adaptor, which is used to couple the pump pulses into the small mode area PCF, works successfully at the incident pulse power of 120 W with high coupling efficiency of 83%. Eventually, 53.3 W visible-waveband extra high power SC fiber laser is obtained with spectrum ranging from 430 to 2400 nm and spectral width below 10 dB flatness exceeding 1700 nm (except pump wavelength). In addition, the visible-waveband power (below 850 nm) takes up about 22% of the total SC power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power of visible-waveband extra SC source ever reported in such broad spectrum range and high spectrum flatness.
An interface modeling method applied in observation plan service based on small satellite constellation

As an interfaces instance of observation plan service between the virtual constellation and the small satellite systems, this paper proposes a practical method applied in rapid interface modeling in the design phase. An UML sequence diagram is used to describe the application scenes, the request and response parameters, the communication performance, the parameters source of each service-side interface and the timing constraint between interfaces. On this basis, this paper defines the XML schema for every interface parameters. An UML static structure is used to analyze interface type to form interface methods tree. In conclusion, this study promotes the change of service mode from single satellite programming to multi-satellites collaborative observation.
Spatial-temporal correlation for trajectory based action video retrieval

The bag-of-visual-words model has been widely utilized for content based image and video retrieval due to its scalability. In this paper, we extend this model for human action video retrieval. We adopt dense trajectory features which are able to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on action recognition, while most of the existing video retrieval methods utilize descriptors of local interest points. In order to improve similarity measurement between bag-of-visual-words model based representation, we propose to discover and incorporate spatial-temporal correlation (STC) among the trajectories in a given query video. The spatial-temporal correlation consists of spatial proximity and temporal consistence among trajectories, which is capable of strengthening discriminative power among visual words. Note that such query focused spatial-temporal correlation makes our method dynamic for different queries and is able to improve retrieval performance without significantly increasing the size of a visual vocabulary. The experimental results on an action video dataset demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms other similar methods.
High extinction, broadband polarisers using long-period fibre gratings in few-mode fibres

Long-period fibre gratings in specially designed birefringent few-mode fibres are used to demonstrate spectrally flat polarisers with bandwidths of 10 nm and polarisation extinction levels of 20 dB. This is enabled by the special dispersive properties of few-mode fibres, yielding fibre polarisers with performance approaching that of bulk-optic devices.
Research on the New Type Permanent Magnetic Actuator (PMA) Intelligent AC Contactor

A new type of single-coil and single-stable state permanent magnetic actuator(PMA) was presented, which can overcome the noise, the energy consumption. the contact bouncing and other shortcomings of electromagnetic contactor. The new type PMA is different from the former ones, because it adds a piece of permanent magnetic at the both sides of the U-style static iron core that reinforce the electromagnetic-force, lighten the weight of dynamic iron core, lower the open-close switch current and achieve energy saving. The distribution of the magnetic field and the electromagnetic force were analyzed and emulated with the finite element analysis software (ANSYS). The results show that the structure and the parameters of this new type permanent magnetic actuator are reasonable. The intelligent control unit with under-voltage protection function was also designed.
Image annotation with parametric mixture model based multi-class multi-labeling

Image annotation, which labels an image with a set of semantic terms so as to bridge the semantic gap between low level features and high level semantics in visual information retrieval, is generally posed as a classification problem. Recently, multi-label classification has been investigated for image annotation since an image presents rich contents and can be associated with multiple concepts (i.e. labels). In this paper, a parametric mixture model based multi-class multi-labeling approach is proposed to tackle image annotation. Instead of building classifiers to learn individual labels exclusively, we model images with parametric mixture models so that the mixture characteristics of labels can be simultaneously exploited in both training and annotation processes. Our proposed method has been benchmarked with several state-of-the-art methods and achieved promising results.
A new dynamic strategy for improved ride-through capability of wind turbine generator

As the penetration of large-scale grid-connected wind farms increasing year by year, low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability are required by many countries for power quality and fail-safe operation at grid fault. A new dynamic strategy using dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed in this paper to improve LVRT capability of wind turbine generators (WTGs). During the voltage dip, LVRT-DVR will be connected in series on the connection between grid and the generator by opening the static switch cabinet. And the power balance between grid and generator is achieved by using the dynamic braking resistor of LVRT-DVR. In order to increase the response speed of LVRT-DVR, anti-voltage technology is used to make the SCRs in static switch cabinet shutting off immediately. PSCAD/EMTDC simulations are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique and some related conclusions and comments are summarized.
How Many Frames Does Facial Expression Recognition Require?

Facial expression analysis is essential to enable socially intelligent processing of multimedia video content. Most facial expression recognition algorithms generally analyze the whole image sequence of an expression to exploit its temporal characteristics. However, it is seldom studied whether it is necessary to utilize all the frames of a sequence, since human beings are able to capture the dynamics of facial expressions from very short sequences (even only one frame). In this paper, we investigate the impact of the number of frames in a facial expression sequence on facial expression recognition accuracy. In particular, we develop a key frame selection method through key point based frame representation. Experimental results on the popular CK facial expression dataset indicate that recognition accuracy achieved with half of the sequence frames is comparable to that of utilizing all the sequence frames. Our key frame selection method can further reduce the number of frames without clearly compromising recognition accuracy.
Protein 8-class secondary structure prediction using Conditional Neural Fields

Compared to the protein 3-class secondary structure (SS) prediction, the 8-class prediction gains less attention and is also much more challenging, especially for proteins with few sequence homologs. This paper presents a new probabilistic method for 8-class SS prediction using Conditional Neural Fields (CNFs), a recently-invented probabilistic graphical model. This CNF method not only models complex relationship between sequence features and SS, but also exploits interdependency among SS types of adjacent residues. In addition to sequence profiles, our method also makes use of non-evolutionary information for SS prediction. Tested on the CB513 and RS126 datasets, our method achieves Q8 accuracy 64.9% and 64.7%, respectively, which are much better than the SSpro8 web server (51.0% and 48.0%, respectively). Our method can also be used to predict other structure properties (e.g., solvent accessibility) of a protein or the SS of RNA.
DAG -extended deletion algorithm in Graphical Abstract Grid Workflow Model for remote sensing quantitative retrieval

Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) has been widely used in Grid workflow modeling, since it deals with the mass data with a specific user-defined Grid Wordflow job scheduling. However, DAG has limit modeling power, for a DAG model cannot express process state information. DAG-extended model provides solutions to “glue” multiple algorithm attributes, scalable algorithm run-time environments, various matchmaking agents, parallel data features and operational attributes together. Currently, it is still a pending issue for the existing Grid workflow based on the DAG-extended scheduling to express complex relationships among various tight-coupling remote sensing algorithms with a series of definition toolkit, such as deletion algorithm, for it can only describe the logical feature of remote sensing processing algorithms but can not show the parallel feature of algorithms. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a DAG -extended deletion algorithm in Graphical Abstract Grid Workflow Model for remote sensing quantitative retrieval application. In this paper, we mainly: (1) discuss the limits of current Grid workflow models applied in the remote sensing field, and (2) modify the traditional DAG Grid Workflow model to the DAG-extended Grid Workflow model, especially describing the logical feature of remote sensing algorithms. Besides, (3) based on the new defined tool - DAG-Extended deletion algorithm in graphical Grid workflow model, we give the concrete implementation example to present the dynamic modification achievement of this composition tool and illustrate its benifits over algorithms based on the traditional DAG Graphic-oriented Abstract Grid Workflow model
A Game Theoretic Approach for Resource Allocation Based on Ant Colony Optimization in Emergency Management

In the context of multiple emergencies occurring simultaneously, the optimal allocation of relief resources to multiple emergency locations is a challenging issue in emergency management. This work presents a noncooperative complete information game model for resource allocation and an algorithm for calculating Nash equilibrium (NE). In this model, the players represent the multiple emergency locations, strategies correspond to possible resource allocations, and the payoff is modeled as function of the cost of allocation and the amount of resources requested. Thus, the optimal results are determined by the Nash equilibrium of this game. Then we design an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to obtain the Nash equilibrium by introducing dynamic random search technique. Experimental results show that the proposed model is effective in optimizing resource allocation during multiple emergencies for emergency management decision support.
Control of closed kinematic chains using a singularly perturbed dynamic model

In this paper, we propose a new method to the control of closed kinematic chains (CKC). This method is based on a recently developed singularly perturbed model for CKC. Conventionally, the dynamics of CKC are described by differential-algebraic equations (DAE). Our approach transfers the control of the original DAE system to the control of an artificially created singularly perturbed system in which the slow dynamics corresponds to the original DAE when the small perturbation parameter tends to zero. Compared to control schemes which rely on the solution of nonlinear algebraic constraint equations, the proposed method uses an ODE solver to obtain the dependent coordinates, hence eliminates the need for Newton type iterations and is amenable to real-time implementation. The composite Lyapunov function method is used to show that the closed loop system, when controlled by typical open kinematic chain schemes, achieves local asymptotic trajectory tracking. Simulations and experimental results on a parallel robot, the rice planar delta robot, are also presented to illustrate the efficacy of our method.
Design of a novel strained-SI HBT with virtual substrate for high current gain-breakdown voltage product

In order to weaken the lattice self-heating effect of strained-Si HBT with vertical substrate, a trapezoid Ge doping profile in base is proposed and the device model is established with SILVACO TCAD. It is shown that temperature coefficient of the device is decreased, which is benefit for high power application, at the expense of the decrease of the current gain. Therefore, a further design of superjunction collector structure is presented to enhance the breakdown voltage which is irrelevant to the current gain. As a result, the product of current gain-breakdown voltage in the novel strained-Si HBT with vertical substrate is 1.61 times higher that the conventional device, which develops the high power application of SiGe HBTs.
Sea ice detection with TanDEM-X SAR data in the Bohai Sea

The TanDEM-X constellation is served by two X-band SAR satellites, which fly in close orbit formation acting as a large and flexible single-pass radar interferometer. This paper investigates the potentials for monitoring sea ice in the Bohai Sea with the unique constellation. Our results show that the coherence and interferometric phase of TanDEM-X data can be used to detect sea ice, and the radial velocity of sea ice can be measured with the along-track phase.
Spatially enhanced local binary pattern

The local binary pattern (LBP) is one of the state-of-the-art texture descriptors for texture classification. However, the spatial distribution of the LBPs is not taken into account. Proposed is a novel texture descriptor, namely the spatially enhanced LBP, to encapsulate the spatial distribution of the LBPs with a shape context based method. Also, the shape context based method is adapted to be rotation invariant. Experimental results on three widely used benchmark datasets show that the proposed descriptor outperforms the original LBP descriptor.
DSP control of power conditioner for improving power quality

Based on the concept of customer power, the paper proposed a new device that is universal custom power conditioner (UCPC). The UCPC has series and shunt power converters with a battery energy storage system (BESS) for multi-function operation to compensate the voltage variation, flicker, reactive power, harmonics, imbalance, uninterruptible power supply, peak load power supply, active and reactive power control in transmission systems. The circuit and control topologies are addressed. A control structure based on dual DSP TMS320C32 and synchronous A/D sampling technology are discussed.
Copper die bumps (first level interconnect) and low-K dielectrics in 65nm high volume manufacturing

The benefits of copper (Cu) die-side bumps for flip chip application are well known and have been sought for more than a decade. However, the introduction of fragile low-k interlayer dielectrics (ILD's) into back end interconnect architectures have made integrating copper bumps challenging, i.e. low-k ILD cracking that often leads to partial or complete die failure. For the 65nm technology node, Intel has successfully incorporated copper die-side bumps mated to eutectic tin-lead (SnPb) package-side bumps in high volume manufacturing (HVM). Advantages of using copper die bumps include lowering the bump critical dimension (CD) floor, continued downward scaling of passivation opening size, a drastically simplified underbump metallization (UBM) scheme that projects to improved electromigration resistance, and extensions to higher 10 densities. This paper will discuss some of these gains
Research on self-compensation flexible transmission of the dual drive system design in large rotational equipment

Self-compensation flexible transmission is introduced into final drive in the reforming of dual drive system of the large rotational equipment. Based on the abrasion transfer principle, the abrasion of big gear ring is transformed fully to roller wheel. And the conception of coarse and delicate adjustment is imported. Exactitude engagement of pinion wheel and big gear ring is guaranteed by big hydraulic cylinder during installation. Small hydraulic cylinder installed in the roller wheel can adjust delicately according to abrasion of the roller wheel and thus it realizes automatic compensation. So pinion wheel can automatically modulate its position to guarantee the best meshing state of pinion wheel and big gear ring. A dynamic model of the flexible transmission is established. The excellent dynamic characteristic of the device are proved by the dynamic model and Lagrange's Equation of Motion. It provides the theoretical basis and design parameters for upgrading the dual drive transmission system of the large rotational equipment.
Two-scale digital speckle technique for measurement of complicated strain field

This paper suggests a two-scale DSCM (digital speckle correlation method) for measurement of complicated strain field. The main idea of the method is to use CCD lenses with different magnifications to capture different scale speckle images: the large-scale images can be used to measure the full field of strain and find the strain concentration area (SCA), but the strain values of the SCA may be in bad precision. So the small-scale images are specified to measure the strain distribution in SCA and can obtain more precise result. The two-scale DSCM is a good solution to the measurement of complicated strain field.