nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Planar Subarray Processing Algorithm Based on ISFT for Real-Time Imaging of Ice-Sounding Data

We develop and then demonstrate a modified planar subarray processing algorithm based on the inverse scaled Fourier transform applied to very high frequency ice-sounding data that produces swath measurements of ice sheet surface topography, ice thickness, and radar reflectivity of both internal reflecting horizons and bedrock of the ice sheet. It is a real-time ice-sounding imaging method. First, theory analysis has been carried on the proposed algorithm. Then, we give the particular realizing steps to implement this algorithm. Finally, we apply this algorithm to the simulation point targets and real data collected during the 29th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition to prove its validity of imaging of ice sheets. Furthermore, compared with two previous algorithms in two major aspects—the power of azimuth clutter reduction and calculating time—the proposed algorithm could considerably reduce the imaging time to meet the requirement of real-time imaging of ice-sounding data without degrading the ability of azimuth clutter reduction via C+MPI language on a parallel computer system.
A multi-rate encoding and blindly receiving scheme using fiber Bragg grating array

A dynamically en-/de-coding scheme is presented. It bases on the uniform fiber Bragg grating arrays whose center wavelengths can be adjusted by the piezo-electric element. A set of code family is used and need not restrict side-peak of its auto-correlation. The receiver can blindly receive incoming optical datum streams, although the datum rates of users are different. It is the first time that all user data can access to network at various encoding rates according to the load of network. The results of numerical simulations show that the best receiving and the least probability of error bit are earned by this scheme.
Upconversion green-light-emitting macroporous Er:LN random laser

In recent years, random laser has attracted much interest and attention [1, 2]. Unlike a conventional laser, its cavity is formed by multiple scattering and localization of light in a disordered gain medium. It has been widely studied by a number of groups because of its important scientific implications and high potential technological applications, such as the understanding of light transport and localization in active random media, micro- and nano- lasers, laser paint, light emitting devices, and 3D display. Random lasing actions were mainly demonstrated in near ultraviolet and infrared region. Recently, blue-light-emitting random laser action with coherent feedback was observed in ZnSe particles . However, the research of green-light -emitting random laser has not been reported to our knowledge.
Fast parallel cutoff pair interactions for molecular dynamics on heterogeneous systems

Heterogeneous systems with both Central Processing Units (CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are frequently used to accelerate short-ranged Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The most time-consuming task in short-ranged MD simulations is the computation of particle-to-particle interactions. Beyond a certain distance, these interactions decrease to zero. To minimize the operations to investigate distance, previous works have tiled interactions by employing the spatial attribute, which increases the memory access and GPU computations, hence decreasing performance. Other studies ignore the spatial attribute and construct an all-versus-all interaction matrix, which has poor scalability. This paper presents an improved algorithm. The algorithm first bins particles into voxels according to the spatial attributes, and then tiles the all-versus-all matrix into voxel-versus-voxel sub-matrixes. Only the sub-matrixes between neighboring voxels are computed on the GPU. Therefore, the algorithm reduces the distance examine operations and limits additional memory access and GPU computations. This paper also adopts a multi-level programming model to implement the algorithm on multi-nodes of Tianhe-lA. By employing (1) a patch design to exploit parallelism across the simulation domain, (2) a communication overlapping method to overlap the communications between CPUs and GPUs, and (3) a dynamic workload balancing method to adjust the workloads among compute nodes, the implementation achieves a speedup of 4.16× on one NVIDIA Tesla M2050 GPU compared to a 2.93 GHz six-core Intel Xeon X5670 CPU. In addition, it runs 2.41× faster on 256 compute nodes of Tianhe-lA (with two CPUs and one GPU inside a node) than on 256 GPU-excluded nodes.
Voltage and frequency control with adaptive reaction time in multiple-clock-domain processors

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a widely used method for energy-efficient computing. In this paper, we present a new intra-task online DVFS scheme for multiple clock domain (MCD) processors. Most existing online DVFS schemes for MCD processors use a fixed time interval between possible voltage/frequency changes. The downside to this approach is that the interval boundaries are predetermined and independent of workload changes. Thus, they can be late in responding to large, severe activity swings. In this work, we propose an alternative online DVFS scheme in which the reaction time is self-tuned and adaptive to application and work-load changes. In addition to designing such a scheme, we model the proposed DVFS control and use the derived model in a formal stability analysis. The obtained analytical insight is then used to guide and improve the design in terms of stability margin and control effectiveness. We evaluate our DVFS scheme through cycle-accurate simulation over a wide set of MediaBench and SPEC2000 benchmarks. Compared to the best-known prior fixed-interval DVFS schemes for MCD processors, the proposed DVFS scheme has a simpler decision process, which leads to smaller and cheaper hardware. Our scheme has achieved significant energy savings over all studied benchmarks (19% energy savings with 3% performance degradation on average, which is close to the best results from existing fixed-interval DVFS schemes). For a group of applications with fast workload variations, our scheme outperforms existing fixed-interval DVFS schemes significantly due to its adaptive nature. Overall, we feel the proposed adaptive online DVFS scheme is an effective and promising alternative to existing fixed-interval DVFS schemes. Designers may choose the new scheme for processors with limited hardware budget, or if the anticipated work-load behavior is variable. In addition, the modeling and analysis techniques in this work serve as examples of using stability analysis in other aspects of high-performance CPU design and control.
Integrated adaptive terminal sliding mode control for uncertain nonholonomic control systems with RAKC

This paper is concerned with the integrated adaptive terminal sliding mode tracking control problem for uncertain nonholonomic control systems with rheonomous affine kinematic constraints(RAKC) in the presence of perturbations. Based on the D'Alembert-Lagrange principle and rheonomous affine kinematic constraints equation, the dynamical model of the uncertain nonholonomic control systems with RAKC is firstly established. Then a fast terminal sliding mode(TSM) surface is designed technically to realize fast convergence, and a switching-based integrated adaptive terminal sliding mode controller is designed to make the output tracking error converges to zero in a finite time. Furthermore, the control strategy proposed can be applied to the general uncertain nonholonomic control systems with linear constraints. The proposed controller applied to the analysis of a boat on a running river with time-varying stream and simulation is carried out to illustrate the potential and effectiveness of the method at last.
Simultaneous Measurement of the Refractive Index and Temperature Based on Microdisk Resonator With Two Whispering-Gallery Modes

In this paper, a microdisk resonator with two whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) is proposed for label-free biochemical sensing. According to the transmission responses of the two WGMs with different coupling gaps, there is the critical coupling status for the WGM (0, 36) while there is no critical coupling status for the WGM (1, 28). For the WGMs (0, 36) and (1, 28), the refractive index (RI) sensitivities of 45.8821 and 72.9402 nm/RIU are obtained, and the corresponding RI detection limits (DLs) of 8.5902 × 10−4 and 1.9228 × 10−3  RIU are achieved, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor also has the temperature sensitivities of 0.0730 and 0.0703 nm/K, which correspond to the temperature DLs of 0.1631 and 0.6263 K, respectively. By constructing a characteristic matrix, it is demonstrated that simultaneous measurement of the RI and temperature can be achieved.
A FT Solution For SST Data Processing System Using JBits

Space solar telescope (SST) is a scientific satellite that employs FPGA (field programmable gated array) to preprocess the huge data gathered by its sensors. Since its high building and maintaining cost and poor working environment, it is a great challenge to ensure its working reliability. This paper proposes a new fault tolerant (FT) architecture based on reconfiguration technology, which applies the co-operation between TMR (triple module redundancy) and JBits tools to detect errors, locate faults like SEU (single-event upset) and FPGA hardware damages, and remove the faults by reconfiguring the FPGA chips. The availability of this new architecture is analyzed using Markov Process theory, and compared with some other architectures. Results show that the reliability is improved greatly under certain conditions
Finite-time tracking controller design for nonholonomic systems with extended chained form

A design scheme of the finite-time tracking controller is given for the nonholonomic systems with extended chained form. The relay switching technique and the terminal sliding mode control scheme with finite-time convergence are used to the design of the controller. The global stability is guaranteed and the system states accurately track the states of the reference model in finite time. The simulation results for two physical models of a knife-edge and a wheeled mobile robot have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Gait Recognition Across Various Walking Speeds Using Higher Order Shape Configuration Based on a Differential Composition Model

Gait has been known as an effective biometric feature to identify a person at a distance. However, variation of walking speeds may lead to significant changes to human walking patterns. It causes many difficulties for gait recognition. A comprehensive analysis has been carried out in this paper to identify such effects. Based on the analysis, Procrustes shape analysis is adopted for gait signature description and relevant similarity measurement. To tackle the challenges raised by speed change, this paper proposes a higher order shape configuration for gait shape description, which deliberately conserves discriminative information in the gait signatures and is still able to tolerate the varying walking speed. Instead of simply measuring the similarity between two gaits by treating them as two unified objects, a differential composition model (DCM) is constructed. The DCM differentiates the different effects caused by walking speed changes on various human body parts. In the meantime, it also balances well the different discriminabilities of each body part on the overall gait similarity measurements. In this model, the Fisher discriminant ratio is adopted to calculate weights for each body part. Comprehensive experiments based on widely adopted gait databases demonstrate that our proposed method is efficient for cross-speed gait recognition and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Runtime Task Allocation in Multicore Packet Processing Systems

Computer networks require increasingly complex packet processing functions in the data plane to adapt to new requirements. To meet performance demands, packet processing systems on routers employ multiple processor cores. To efficiently utilize processing resources in such systems, we propose a novel methodology for allocating tasks to processors. The main idea is to obtain runtime profiling information and to duplicate tasks with heavy processing requirements. Using our duplication algorithm, a balanced workload can be obtained and the complexity of packing tasks with different processing requirements can be reduced. By translating traffic characteristics into processing requirements, the system is able to adapt to dynamic changes in the workload and balance the utilization of all processing resources to maximize system throughput. Our approach can adapt to any traffic change in a single iteration, whereas existing adaptive approaches may require multiple steps. Results from our prototype implementation based on the Click modular router show that our system only requires on average 5.3-31.5 percent of the adaptation steps that are necessary in iterative systems. In addition, our system achieves a throughput that is 1.32 times higher than the throughput achieved with symmetric multiprocessing support with general-purpose task allocation.
Analysis of Discipline Development Discrepancy between the Provincial Cities of China Based on Output of Scientific Papers

Scientific paper is a key factor representing the degree of discipline development in a city or a country. Based on the database of Web of Science we comparatively analyzed the outputs of the scientific papers, indexed by Science Citation Index, between 31 provincial cities of China in 10 disciplines of natural science during 2005-2007. The paper quantities for each city as well as the whole country were steadily growing at this stage. The political center Beijing and the economic center Shanghai shared 27.3% and 13.2% of all scientific papers published by these cities, respectively. In contrast, each of the ranked last 13 cities had only a share of lower than 1%. Our data indicated that there were big discrepencies between the provincial cities of China for the development of the disciplines investigated.
Study on information fusion method of extenics-based D-S evidential theory

Making analysis on the theories of D-S evidential reasoning, rough sets and extenics sets, the three theory held comparability in defining uncertainty sets. It's feasible to introduce the relevant theories and methods of extenics to information fusion and a method of extenics fusion (MEF) is presented as well. The method combines extenic correlation function with Dempster rule and is considered to be a good solution in solving evidence collision and BPA function in information fusion method basing on D-S evidential theory. The simulation test results show that MEF is better than the traditional D-S evidential theory and is applicable to all kinds of evaluation problems.
Nonlinear distortion analysis of RF power amplifiers for wireless signals

One of the critical and costly components in digital cellular communication systems is the RF power amplifier. Theoretically, one of the main concerns in an RF power amplifier design is the nonlinear effect of the amplifier. Quantitatively, no explicit relationship or expression currently exists between the out-of-band emission level and the nonlinearity description related to the third-order intercept point (IP/sub 3/). Further, in experiments and analysis, it was discovered that, in some situations, using IP/sub 3/ only is not accurate enough to describe the spectrum regrowth, especially when the fifth-order intercept point (IP/sub 5/) is relatively high compared to the third-order intermodulation. We analyze the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier in CDMA (IS-95 Standard), TDMA (IS-54 Standard) and MIRS M-16-QAM (Motorola integrated radio system standard) systems, give expressions for the estimation of the out-of-band emission levels for each system expressed by power spectrum, in terms of the IP/sub 3/ and the IP/sub 5/, as well as the power level of the signal. This result may be useful in the design of RF power amplifiers for these wireless communication systems.
A remote attestation model in distributed environment

As for the limitation of static information verification in the current remote attestation models, this paper presents a novel remote dynamic attestation model named BTRAM (Behavior based Trust Remote Attestation Model) which is based on the user behavior trustworthiness and attribute-based access control. In this model, a verifier proxy is used to verify the requestor. Meanwhile, the executive process and formal description are given in this paper. Finally, a performance analysis is given to the model. Based on the dynamic behavior of the communication entities, the model can not only achieve dynamic authorization, but also overcome the complex management issue of role-based remote attestation. Using a verifier proxy to verify the trustworthiness of requestor can avoid the leakage of requestor-platform's configuration, which may cause an attack to the requestor. Taking user behavior evidence as a trusted evaluation factor makes remote attestation more trustworthy than traditional remote attestation mechanism based on platform identity and integrity.
Simulation research of direct spread spectrum communication system for micro-satellite formation-flying constellation

The content of this paper is a subtask of Nation-863 High Tech Item. Two micro-satellites perform formation-flying and inter-satellites communication demonstration test in a circular orbit. The optimizing design method of space circular formation order based on mend heredity algorithmic is given; the method can ensure formation order steadily for a long time under various absorb impetus. The inter-satellite direct spread spectrum communication system based on IEEE 802.11 wireless protocol is put up, and the simulation demonstration is performed
Research Progress of Obstacle Detection Based on Monocular Vision

In recent years, unmanned autonomous vehicle navigation technology or UAV research is a hot topic in the field of machine vision, and obstacle detection is the basis of autonomous navigation. In this thesis, the author analyzed the deficiency of stereoscopic vision and classified current monocular obstacle detection algorithms. According to the properties of algorithms, this paper elaborated the function of algorithms based on features, focal length and movements respectively. The author also discussed current situation and prospects for various types of algorithms, including feature extraction and matching, focusing and defocusing model, background subtraction, frame difference and optical flow. Finally, this paper summarized advantages and disadvantages of different autonomous navigation algorithm and discussed the prospect of the monocular obstacle detection technology.
PVA wood adhesive modified with sodium silicate cross-linked copolymer

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer with excellent adhesive property. But the water resistance is poor. The aim of this study is to explore the suitable formula for PVA cross-linking with sodium silicate to form new kind of wood adhesive which has the perfect bonding strength as well as water resistance. When PVA and sodium silicate are mixed directly, they then become gel immediately. Through cross-linking in batch with the help of emulsifier OP-10 and weak acids and with the bonding strength as the evaluation indicator, the orthogonal experiment method is used to choose the suitable formula. Stable translucent white latex was made by PVA and sodium silicate. The results show that the most suitable condition is mass ratio of PVA/sodium silicate/OP-10/weak acids=20:3:0.05:2.5. With the adhesive under this prescription, the bonding strength of poplar plywood reached 0.75MPa and 24h thickness swell (TS) is 4.5% which is much better than the second class plywood standard.
Study on the Purification of Lignincellose Fiber from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Wood

Lignincellose fiber was one of special fibers which were used for textilefiber, paper, engineering plastics, etc. And Eucalyptus camaldulensis has been widely planted in south China. Therefore, based on the single-factor method, the fresh Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood flour were treated by means of the alkali liquor extraction to obtain the best purification of lignincellose fiber. The results are as follows: During the the sorbitic-extracting process, MPC had significant influence on leaching rates of wood extractives and hemicelloses at 0.01 level. And sort of alkaline had significant effect on the leaching rates at 0.05 level. The optimum concentration of NaOH liquor, KOH liquor, LiOH liquor was 20.0%, 17.5%, and 12.5%, separately. The leaching rates was the highest when extraction time was 24 h. The optimum alkali liquor was NaOH liquor. The next was KOH liquor, LiOH liquor. Key wordslignincellose fiber; wood extractives; hemicellose; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Caustic alkali
A Semi-automatic Ontology Learning Based on WordNet and Event-based Natural Language Processing

Ontology is more and more popular in all kinds of knowledge management system, but the manual acquisition of ontologies still remains a tedious, cumbersome task. Meanwhile moving toward semi-automation or automation of ontology construction is a solution. In this paper, we proposed a semiautomatic ontology building approach. In this approach the system starts form a small core ontology constructed by domain experts and learns the concepts and taxonomic and non-taxonomic relations by use of the general ontology WordNet and event-based natural language processing technologies automatically to construct the aim ontology. Our experimental results indicate that the method offers an improvement in quality of ontology and reduction in the time-consumed.
The mask 3D effect on 2D pattern process window, positive focus shift, or negative focus shift? A simulation study

Mask 3D effect has been studied in the past and the main characteristic of it is that it will cause positive focus shift to the semi-dense patterns at pitches of 200 and 300 nm for as much as 20-30 nm when a 6% attenuated phase shifting mask (PSM) is used. This has been verified for quite some time until recently, we have found an evidence that it may not be true in case of more complicated two-dimensional (2D) structures, such as trench-end-to-trench patterns. In these structures, there is a perpendicularly oriented trench relative to an array of trench ends that are pointing toward it at each side, or there are two perpendicular arrays of trench ends pointing toward the single trench at each side. We have done a finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) simulation study on the trench ends for a dense pitch of 90 nm through the semi-dense pitch of 200 nm; we found that the focus shift for the linewidth of the array trench ends is toward positive direction while the focus shift of the single perpendicularly oriented trench carries the negative sign. Such opposite best focus shift can impact common process window in the depth of focus for the already critical photolithographic process for both 28 nm, 20 nm, and the 14 nm technology nodes. The impact become less and less as the trench width increases and the pitch increases. We have compared our simulation results with wafer data and a good agreement is obtained. Though the mechanism is not understood at this moment, we will try to provide an explanation.