nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Calibration method of capacitive electronic voltage transformer in smart substation

In order to calibrate the capacitive electronic voltage transformer (EVT) in complex environment of smart substation, a comparative experiment research was done to improve the calibration precision. According to the field calibration problem of capacitive EVT in smart grid, the field calibration methods of capacitive EVT was proposed based on the comparative methods. The ratio error f and angle error δ of tested capacitive EVTs could be directly obtained from the electronic transformer calibrator, when the proposed field calibration method was used. Based on the voltage working principle of primary devices and the operation method of primary devices, the secondary basic principle and working mechanism of the proposed method is studied. Meanwhile the equivalent mathematical model of capacitive EVT's field calibration method is established. Finally the application results are not only demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, but also show that the tested capacitive EVTs can be used as 0.2 level power meter transformers.
An explicit recursive formulation and parallel computation for inverse dynamics of planar flexible manipulators

An explicit recursive formulation for the inverse dynamics of planar flexible manipulators is presented by the virtual work principle and an approximate algorithm is developed at the same time. With the realization that a recursion is not suitable for parallel computation, a nonrecursive formulation for the inverse dynamics of planar flexible manipulators is obtained by modifying the recursive formulation. Based on the nonrecursive formulation, a parallel algorithm using n processors is proposed in this paper. Finally, a two-link planar flexible manipulator is chosen as an example to compare the computational efficiency of the explicit recursive formulation and the parallel algorithm in the computer simulation.
Joint Purchasing of Retailers under Protection of Cost Information

Sensitive information has become a bottleneck between the cooperation of enterprises. So protecting the sensitive information of enterprises is an important problem to promote enterprises' cooperation. Joint purchasing can decrease enterprises' cost, but cooperative enterprises are unwilling to provide sensitive cost information. So how to decide the quantity of joint purchasing and the price of joint purchasing for cooperative retailers and suppliers? Some secure protocols based on the basic mathematical agreements are designed to solve the quantity and the price of joint purchasing under the protection of cost information and a simple example is illustrated. The results show cooperative enterprises can achieve the decision of complete information sharing under the protection of cost information by the secure protocols.
A 12.5 MHz CMOS continuous time bandpass filter

The authors describe a continuous-time bandpass filter integrated in a 3- mu m CMOS technology, with an f/sub 0/ of 12.5 MHz and a 2% fractional bandwidth. The four-pole filter is modeled on two L-C resonators coupled by mutual inductance, resistively terminated at the input and output for maximum power transfer. Each resonator is simulated on the IC by two tunable integrators in negative feedback and is terminated by MOS resistors to define the filter bandwidth. Regulation of f/sub 0/ is obtained by locking an oscillating, consisting of a third identical integrator pair without termination resistors, to an externally supplied reference frequency. The circuits were fabricated on a double-metal, single-polysilicon, 3- mu m CMOS IC. Operation of the chip at a 12.5-MHz center frequency was verified, showing the desired 2% fractional bandwidth.<<ETX>>
Empirical Analysis and Optimizing Strategies on Structure of Leisure Consumption in China

Structure of leisure consumption is an important symbol to reflect changing status of quality of leisure consumption and extent of rationalization of its internal composing. Empirical analysis indicates that, in terms of consumption levels, the current structure of leisure consumption in China is dominantly characterized by low-standard prosperity, in terms of content, it has three preferences in people's choice: recreational and pleasure leisure over developmental and intellective leisure; conspicuous leisure over spontaneous leisure; and passive consumption over active consumption. On the foundation of the analysis of lowlihead of leisure consumption in China, the paper discusses the necessity and conditions to change and upgrade the structure of leisure consumption in China and puts forward countermeasures to improve the structure of leisure consumption in China. The first countermeasure is to breed high-diathesis consumers to hasten leisure consumption. The second is to cultivate spontaneous conception to advance leisure consumption. The third is to upgrade leisure industry roundly to improve the relationship between leisure supply and leisure demand.
Stepping Development of 6-m Long-Gap Discharge Produced by Standard Switching Impulse

A switching overvoltage discharge experiment was conducted on a simulated tower head. The gap spacings among the six-multiple conductor, the cross arm, and the tower were 6.07 m, respectively. The discharge development driven by a 250/2500-μs standard switching impulse was captured by a high-speed camera. The images show that the discharge path presents a stepping mode, and only one streamer guides the leader development. The discharge forms a snake-like route. Each segment of the stepping development is with a length of 1-3.5 m, and the observed curve angle ranges from 40° to 60°.
Soliton Production With Nonlinear Homogeneous Lines

Low- and high-voltage Soliton waves were produced and used to demonstrate collision and compression using diode-based nonlinear transmission lines. Experiments demonstrate soliton addition and compression using homogeneous nonlinear lines. The nonlinear lines were built using commercially available diodes. These diodes are chosen after their capacitance versus voltage dependence is used in a model and the line design characteristics are calculated and simulated. Nonlinear ceramic capacitors are then used to demonstrate high-voltage pulse amplification and compression. The line is designed such that a simple capacitor discharge, input signal, develops soliton trains in as few as 12 stages. We demonstrated output voltages in excess of 40 kV using Y5V-based commercial capacitors. The results show some key features that determine efficient production of trains of solitons in the kilovolt range.
Transformer Fault Gas Forecasting Based on the Combination of Improved Genetic Algorithm and LS-SVM

The least square support vector machines (LS-SVM) is applied to solve the practical problems of less samples and non-linear prediction better, and it is suitable for the forecasting dissolved gas in transformer oil. But in this model, the selecting values of the parameters impacts on the results of the diagnosis greatly, so it is necessary to optimize these parameters. A new method to optimize these parameters based on improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed, and then, this model is applied in this paper to forecast dissolved gas in transformer oil. The IGA uses the encoding mechanism; it generates the initial population randomly, expends the search space fast, stabilizes the diversity of the individuals in population, and effectively improves the global search ability and convergence speed. Finally, the optimized model is used to analysis multiple sets of oil chromatogram data, the results show that: the accuracy of the LS-SVM based on the IGA is better than traditional LS-SVM models.
An improved passive location algorithm based on UKF

With the merits as far responding distance, hiding receiving and easy-deploying, the single observation passive location has a broad application in military domain and plays an important part in passive radar, navigation and aerospace, etc. With the information of phase-difference, phase-difference rate of change and Doppler frequency rate of change, a new algorithm called PFRC, based on EKF, is proposed. Compared with two popular passive location methods which are bearing-only (BO) and phase-difference rate of change (PRC), the PFRC has good performance in that it has higher precision and higher speed. However, the linearization processing of the EKF introduces truncation error, which degrades the estimation precision. In order to reduce the error, based on the PFRC and the unscented transform, an improved passive location algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better estimation precision.
Cluster Sensing Superpixel and Grouping

Superpixel algorithms have shown significant potential in computer vision applications since they can be used to accelerate other computationally demanding algorithms. However, in contrast to the original purpose of superpixels, many upper layer methods still suffer from computational problems when incorporating superpixel for speedup. In this paper, we present a cluster sensing superpixel (CSS) method to efficiently generate superpixel bricks. Based on the insight of pixel density, cluster centers generally have properties of representativeness (i.e., local maximal pixel density) and isolation (i.e., large distance from other cluster centers). Our CSS method efficiently identifies ideal cluster centers via utilizing pixel density. We also integrate superpixel cues into a bipartite graph segmentation framework and apply it to microscopy image segmentation. Extensive experiments show that our CSS method achieves impressive efficiency, being approximately five times faster than the state-of-the-art methods and having comparable performance in terms of the standard metrics. Application on microscopy image segmentation also benefits our efficient implementation.
Simulation model of passenger behavior in transport hubs

This paper presents a simulation model for passenger walking behavior considering the circumstance and interactions of passengers in transport hubs. The potential field concept is introduced to the modeling. Two categories of potential fields: circumstance potential field and individual potential field are defined to provide access to model the passenger decision process influenced by facility arrangement and interference among passengers. Three kinds of latent effects during pedestrian movement, including deterrent effect, guide effect and rejection effect are considered as major factors in the definition of individual potential field. Fundamental diagram test experiment and bi-directional walking experiment run for the model validation and coefficient performance verification. The experimental results show good performance of the model on reflecting collective behavior and behavior under particular circumstances. The presented model is effective in capturing and generating the passenger walking behavior in complicated environment.
Study of polymeric insulator external insulation based on UV imaging method

Ultraviolet imaging is a new corona discharge detection method. In this paper, by means of UV imager, in laboratory, the discharge phenomenon is studied, it shows that hardware discharge, and water drop corona, pollution corona are the main discharge forms on the polymeric insulator surface. Further, suing the finite element method, the field distribution is calculated. The leakage current is measure and analysis. Research shows different discharge form, the UV imaging has its character; finally, this paper gives some advice to evaluate the insulation condition.
Feedback-Feedforward PI-Type Iterative Learning Control Strategy for Hybrid Active Power Filter With Injection Circuit

In this paper, the configuration characteristic of Hybrid active power filter (APF) with injection circuit (IHAPF) is analyzed, as well as its current closed-loop control model is established. Because of the character of reperiod of current harmonics in steady-load power system, the iterative learning control algorithm based on the PI-type learning law is presented. The systemic robustness is enhanced by using a forgetting factor. In order to improve the dynamic performance of a control system, a feedforward based on the D-type learning law of referenced current error by fuzzy reasoning is proposed. The system of the IHAPF with the proposed control strategy has been applied in a steel plant in Guangxi, China. Simulation and industrial application results show that the IHAPF with the proposed control method is not only easy to calculate and implement but also very effective in improving the performance of the filter. Meanwhile, IHAPF shows great promise in reducing harmonics and improving power factor with a relatively low capacity of APF.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Coal Ploy-Generation Projects by Improved AHP

In allusion to the shortcoming of the traditional AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method which requires consistency checking and judgment matrix rectifying frequently, an improved AHP that does not need consistency checking is proposed. Based on 4 main performance indexes, i.e. energy utilization, economic performance, reliability and environment impact, and 9 sub-indexes in total, the model of an evaluation of 7 coal poly-generation projects and 2 methyl alcohol production with IGCC projects by the improved AHP method is developed. Through the analysis and comprehensive evaluation of these 9 candidates projects, the results not only prove the improved AHP method is convenient and effective tool for comprehensive evaluation, but also confirms the ploy-generation systems have better comprehensive benefits than a singular system. Finally, technologies such as rough set and grey incidence are proposed to be applied to minimize the subjective influences on the weights so as to improve the objectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation results.
High performance Ge junctionless gate-all-around NFETs with simultaneous Ion =1235 μA/μm at Vov=Vds=1V, SS=95 mV/dec, high Ion/Ioff=2×106, and reduced noise power density using S/D dopant recovery by selective laser annealing

The low channel doping concentrations of 1.2×10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> to deplete the channel and the high S/D doping of 1.2×10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> to reduce the S/D resistance are achieved simultaneously by selective laser annealing on the same CVD P-doped epi-Ge on SOI without ion implantation. The device with Wfin down to 7 nm, EOT = 2.2 nm, and Lch = 60 nm has Ion = 1146 μA/pm, Ion/Ioff = 2×10<sup>6</sup>, and SS = 95 mV/dec. The Ion can be further boost to 1235 μA/μm with external uniaxial tensile strain of 0.16%. The self-heating effect is responsible in part for such high Ion, because the high device temperature can reduce the dominant impurity scattering in the channel. The increasing mobility with increasing temperature indicates the impurity scattering is dominant. The lower low frequency noise is observed with junctionless (JL) gate-all-around (GAA) FETs than planar inversion mode (INV) devices due to the bulk conduction nature of JL FETs.
Modeling and Simulation of Three-phase Rectifier Based on SVPWM

The mathematical and simulation model of three-phase voltage source rectifier (VSR) used in aircraft is introduced in this paper. Based on the model, the principle of the seven-segment space vector pulse-with modulation (SVPWM) control strategy is presented. The double closed-loop control method is applied in the PWM rectifier. The rectifier can realize unity power factor by adopting the fixed switching frequency SVPWM current control method to realize that the current signal track voltage. The simulation results show that the mathematical model is accurate, and the SVPWM current control method can administer to improve the dynamic performance of three-phase rectifier obviously.
RTV silicone rubber hydrophobicity loss and recovery character under AC corona

In this paper, the effect of AC Corona on the hydrophobicity of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber materials is studied with a pin-plate electrode corona accelerate aging model. Experiments show that AC corona can make the RTV specimen hydrophobicity lose rapidly, further, the hydrophobicity recovery character of RTV specimen is also researched through a long time of corona test, as a result, it is found that the RTV specimen hydrophobicity recovery speed is not continuous, but having an alternate process of “speed up” and “slow down”. After corona time reaches a certain time, the hydrophobicity recovery time dramatically becomes longer but it still can not fully restore to the initial value in the end. meanwhile research find that when the corona time is in a certain range, after the hydrophobicity recovery, the final static contact angle is much larger than the initial value before the corona.
Broad excitation of Er luminescence in Er-doped HfO 2 films

In this paper, we investigated the broad sensitized luminescence properties of the Er-doped HfO2 films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and ion implantation techniques, focusing on the mechanism of energy transfer in host matrix. The characteristics of photoluminescence (PL) in the Er-doped and undoped HfO2 films were analyzed with varied measuring temperatures. Based on the PL and PL excitation (PLE), we proposed that the O vacancy defects, ion implantation induced defects and Hf can act as sensitizers, which results in the broad band excitation of Er luminescence at 1540 nm. Cathode-luminescence (CL) measurements with hot electrons excitation show more features of the samples, and provide detailed information for the energy transfer and relaxation process.
Schottky barrier height inhomogeneities of nickel mono-silicide/n-Si contact studied by I-V-T technique

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of nickel mono-silicide/n-Si Schottky diodes fabricated at different temperature and measured over a temperature range of 78 to 299 K have been interpreted on the basis of thermionic emission (TE) across an inhomogeneous Schottky contact. The experiment shows that the apparent barrier height /spl phi//sub ap/-1/T plot is a straight line within the whole experimental temperature for samples annealed at temperature ranging from 500/spl deg/C to 600/spl deg/C, however, for other samples annealed at temperature below 500/spl deg/C and above 600/spl deg/C the /spl phi//sub ap/-1/T Plots become more complicated. The linear case shows the Schottky barrier height inhomogeneities (SBHI) obeys single Gaussian distribution.
Transient stability analysis with equal area criterion directly used to a non-equivalent generator pair

Equal area criterion, used to transient stability analysis of power system, is consistency with transient energy function method for single machine-infinite bus system or two machines system. The criterion can be used to fast classification of transient stability, fast calculations of critical fault-clearing time and stability degree. However, machine group division and equivalence etc affect its efficiency and veracity while it is used to multi-machines system. In this paper, Equal area criterion is used to a machine couple of multi -machines system directly: two machines of best forward angle and best lag angle is selected and based on their relative power angle curve obtained by curve fitting, Equal area criterion is used to fast assessment of transient stability, fast calculations of critical fault-clearing time and stability degree. The advantage of this method is that it avoids machine group division, equivalence and network reduction, and needs less information, less computation time and it has the same accuracy as time domain simulation in assessing transient stability. Validity carried out on a test system is reported.
Hydrothermal synthesis of flake-like MnCO 3 film under high gravity field and their thermal conversion to hierarchical Mn 3 O 4

A flake-like MnCO 3 film has been successfully synthesised by the hydrothermal method, with high gravity field using 0.5 mol/L MnCl 2 and 5 mol/L CO(NH) 2 as precursor at 120°C for 30°min in the aqueous solution°bromobenzene system. The effects of the relative centrifugal field and the reaction temperature on the formation of flake-like MnCO 3 film were examined. The resultant samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, FE-scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis. The results reveal that low temperature and high gravity field are favourable for the formation of flake-like MnCO 3 film. The hierarchical Mn 3 O 4 were obtained after calcinations of the flake-like MnCO 3 film at 700°C for 1°h in air.
What is the valuable service quality gap for improving customer satisfaction?

Gap analysis (GA) is one of the most popular techniques which has been widely used to help businesses make service quality improvement decisions to improve customer satisfaction. However, an assumption of linear relationship between attribute performance and customer satisfaction underlies the application of GA and was challenged while comparing with the Kano's two-dimensional model which indicated the possible phenomenon of non-linear relationship between attribute performance and customer satisfaction. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to revise GA by redefining service quality gap and building its evaluating function through Kano's two-dimensional conception with the application of BPNN technique. To confirm the applied validity of this new GA technique, the original GA was performed to compare with the new one by an empirical study on Taiwanese HR service agency. Results showed that the impact of each service quality gap on improving customer satisfaction can be clarified by new GA technique. This implicates that new GA technique can be considered as a valuable decision-making tool for enhancing customer satisfaction more effectively.
Analytical processing of online monitored dissipation factor based on morphological filter

Analyzing the trend of the on-line monitored dielectric dissipation factor (tan /spl delta/) series is a very effective method to diagnose the insulation fault of high voltage apparatus. However, due to the influence of environmental temperature, humidity and field noise interference, etc., the series is too nonstationary to observe its trend directly. In this paper, the problem of a trend-extracting method through relative comparison is briefly pointed out. Based on the analysis of the regularity of the practical tan /spl delta/ series, a trend model of the series is then built. Since the variation regularity of the real insulation condition is different from that of all influential factors, another trend-extracting method by using the filter is put forward. The morphological filter is introduced to extract the trend of the tan /spl delta/ series. To verify the effectiveness of the morphological filter, the median filter and wavelet transform are employed to process a simulated tan /spl delta/ series. The results by the morphological filter are more stationary and smoother than those obtained by other methods. Finally, morphological filters with the structure element in different width are employed to analyze a practical tan /spl delta/ series. The results show that the influences of different factors can be effectively removed.
A nonrecursive Newton-Euler formulation for the parallel computation of manipulator inverse dynamics

The paper focuses on the inverse dynamics formulation of manipulators that is suitable for parallel computation, and a corresponding nonrecursive Newton-Euler formulation is presented. In order to illustrate its potential parallelism, a simple parallel scheduling scheme is proposed, and the parallel computational efficiency for the inverse dynamics of the basic three links of a PUMA 560 robot is analyzed. Compared with other algorithms, the theoretical computation cost of this parallel algorithm, in which factors such as communications overhead are ignored, is smaller.