nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Some improvements in the design of LDMOSFET power amplifier for effectively suppressing metallic shielding cover (MSC) effects

Some improvements in the design of LDMOSFET power amplifier (PA) are demonstrated for effectively suppressing metallic shielding cover (MSC) effects. The internal and outer matching structures on the PCB are at first simulated and optimized using the commercial full-wave software HFSS. Further, they are integrated with the lumped-element circuit model of die and co-simulated using the software ADS 2013. With an Automation Testing Bench employed, the input-output responses of the realized PA modules are measured and compared. An improved design of the LDMOSFET die is also presented and validated. This research can provide some useful guidelines for the development of PA modules with high performance.
Trapped field magnets of high-T/sub c/ superconductors

To develop trapped field magnets with YBCO bulks at and below 77 K, a series of trapped field magnets have been developed and tested. With two /spl Phi/26 mm/spl times/10 mm YBCO bulks, a trapped field magnet of 7.09 T at 29.8 K with low creep has been achieved. Cracks occur when 10 T magnetic field is applied to charge this magnet. With two /spl Phi/16 mm/spl times/10 mm YBCO bulks, a trapped field magnet of 7.02 T at 12.8 K has been achieved. Creep behavior of trapped field magnets at low temperatures are also investigated. When the trapped field is much lower than critical field, almost no creep was observed in the authors' experiments.
Effects of molybdenum trioxide thickness of organic photovoltaic with silver anode

We demonstrated the layer thickness effects of molybdenum-trioxide (MoO3) as buffer layer inserting at the interface between silver anode and organic material of a top-incident organic photovoltaic (OPV). The OPV structure contained active bilayer layers using 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) and fullerene (C70). In this study, we obtained an OPV with 5-nm MoO3 showing the greater power conversion efficiency of 2.78%. In addition, this optimized OPV result was caused from the greater short circuit current (Jsc of 11.35 mA/cm2) and fill factor (FF of 47.12).
Improvement in Cavity and Model Designs of LDMOS Power Amplifier for Suppressing Metallic Shielding Cover Effects

Some key technical issues are addressed for improving electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design of metallic shielding cavity for achieving better RF performance of LDMOSFET-based power amplifier (PA). With the help of an Automation Testing Bench, its input-output responses are at first measured and compared, where an interactive influence between the PA and PCB is studied in detail. The internal and outer matching structures of LDMOSFET on the PCB are simulated using the commercial full-wave software HFSS. Perturbation theory is used to analyze the shielding cover effects with different package sizes and cavity heights sensitivity considered. Some guidelines for selecting suitable inner shielding structure and cavity height are given, and an improved model for both LDMOSFET and PA module is proposed and analyzed. Furthermore, it is integrated with the lumped-element circuit model of die and cosimulated using the software ADS 2013, and good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained. The most sensitive feedback path of electromagnetic interference inside the shielding cavity is characterized and a metallic isolation wall is introduced between the input (gate) and output (drain) of the LDMOSFET die for suppressing inner coupling effects. This research should be useful for the development of compact and miniaturized PA modules with our desired EMC performance.
Realtime object-of-interest tracking by learning Composite Patch-based Templates

In this paper, we propose a patch-based object tracking algorithm which provides both good enough robustness and computational efficiency. Our algorithm learns and maintains Composite Patch-based Templates (CPT) of the tracking target. Each composite template employs HOG, CS-LBP, and color histogram to represent the local statistics of edges, texture and flatness. The CPT model is initially established by maximizing the discriminability of the composite templates given the first frame, and automatically updated on-line by adding new effective composite patches and deleting old invalid ones. The inference of the target location is achieved by matching each composite template across frames. By this means the proposed algorithm can effectively track targets with partial occlusions or significant appearance variations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms both MIL and Ensemble Tracking algorithms.
Nonlinear fuzzy H∞ guidance law with saturation of actuators against maneuvering targets

A nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// guidance law based on a fuzzy model is proposed for tactical missiles pursuing maneuvering targets in three-dimensional (3-D) space. In the proposed guidance scheme, the relative motion equations between the missile and target are first interpolated piecewise by Takagi-Sugeno linear fuzzy models. Then, a nonlinear fuzzy H/sub /spl infin// guidance law is designed to eliminate the effects of approximation error and external disturbances to achieve the desired goal. The linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique is then employed to treat this H/sub /spl infin// optimal guidance design in consideration of control constraints. Finally, the problem is further transformed into a standard eigenvalue problem so that it can be efficiently solved via a convex optimization algorithm, which is available from a numerical computation software.
Light-emitting diode driver with a combined energy transfer inductor for current balancing control

This study proposes a two-channel light-emitting diode (LED) backlight driver specifically for liquid crystal display monitor application that utilises an integrated magnetic component: a combined energy transfer inductor for current balancing. The integrated magnetic component has two functions: as a boost inductor and as a differential-mode current balance transformer. Under proper design and arrangement, all of the windings are wound on a single UU-core. This scheme uses leakage inductance as boost inductor for energy transfer and mutual inductance as differential mode transformer for output current balancing. By introducing the magnetic component, power density is increased whereas the overall cost and volume of the magnetic components are reduced in comparison with those values under conventional topology. The operating principles and design considerations of the proposed LED driver were analysed. A 10 W prototype converter with a two-channel LED string was developed to verify the feasibility of the proposed driver. Experimental results show that the proposed LED driver provides an equal current for a two-channel LED string.
A Self-Contained Miniaturized PCR System using Electromagnetic Actuators

In this paper, the development of a portable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device is presented. The fully integrated self-contained system consists of four major parts: a disposable chamber chip with micro-channels and pumping membranes, a heater chip with micro-heaters and temperature sensors, a linear array of electromagnetic actuators, and a control/sensing circuit. The system can be fully operated with a 5V DC voltage, and does not require any external air compressor or bulky power supply. The size of the whole system is 67 mm × 66 mm × 25 mm, and is smaller than a PDA cell-phone. The miniaturized PCR system not only has the advantage of smaller size, less consumption of DNA solution, but also can effectively reduce the PCR process time into one-third of the time required by typical commercial PCR system.
Swarm Refinement PSO for Solving N-queens Problem

In this paper, we introduce a hybrid approach of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving n-queens problem. Since the solution of n-queens problem is to create a set of non-conflict queens, we propose a swarm refinement technique to reduce conflicts in main swam and then locate final solutions by swapping permutations. The swarm refinement PSO (SR-PSO) performs much faster and more accurate than the original discrete PSO.
An improved stabilizing condition for polynomial systems with bounded actuators: An SOS-based approach

Stabilization of polynomial systems is revisited in this paper. Here, we proposed a new sufficient condition for the controller design, with guaranteed bounds on the input magnitudes. In the proposed synthesis condition, the system matrices and the Lyapunov matrices are separated, and hence parameterization of the resulting controller is independent of the Lyapunov matrices. Moreover, the proposed condition is convex in the decision variables and solvable via the sum-of-squares (SOS) technique. Main contributions of the proposed approach are twofold. Firstly, parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions can be considered in robust controller design for uncertain polynomial systems. Secondly, static output-feedback design can be addressed in a computationally efficient manner.
A prediction-based delay-tolerant protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

The propagation speed of an acoustic signal is much slower than the speed of a terrestrial radio signal due to the physical characteristics of an underwater acoustic channel. This large delay can impact the throughput of the channel. There is a very high delay variance which presents unique challenges to the designs of efficient protocols. The inconsistent delay renders many traditional communication protocols insufficient since they rely on accurate estimations of the round trip time (RTT) between two communication nodes. Underwater acoustic channels are inherently unreliable with connection interruptions. In this paper we present a unique approach to develop a prediction based delay-tolerant protocol (PBDTP) to address these problems. The PBDTP protocol can tolerate long delays, inconsistent delays and connection disruptions by predicating a value for a sensor node if its data were not received at the sink node instead of having the sensor node retransmit its data. The PBDTP can reduces data traffic over the networks and uses the network resource more efficiently.
Research on a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing System for Submerged Cryogenic Disk Motor-Pump

There are some disadvantages in conventional cryogenic liquid pumps (CLPs) with mechanical bearings, such as difficult lubrication and short working life. In this paper, we propose a new structure of CLP-submerged cryogenic disk motor-pump with superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB). The impeller and the rotor of the disk motor are combined as the suspension rotor of the disk motor-pump. The suspension rotor which is supported by SMB system, rotates frictionlessly with self-stabilized. The SMB system includes a radial-type SMB, an axial-type permanent magnet bearing, and an axial flux disk motor. Theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of levitation forces in the SMB system are carried out. The levitation force of radial-type SMB is calculated by using H -formulation finite-element model in COMSOL. The kinetic model of the suspension rotor is established to ensure the force balance and torque balance. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed submerged cryogenic disk motor-pump with SMB.
Reducing turn-on dissipation of RSD from application

The work reducing turn-on dissipation of the Reversely Switched Dynistor(RSD) from application done in our group is reported in this paper. By establishing the two-dimensional numerical model of RSD, the extra charge amount in the p and n base region is found to be only about 24.75% of the integral value of current at the end of triggering, so the RSD should be over pre charged in order to reduce the turn-on voltage. A two-step method is in favor of increasing the extra plasma density in the base region. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the turn-on characteristics of RSD are better by the two-step method than the traditional discharge method. There exists a minimum for the turn-on voltage at a certain triggering time, so well controlling the triggering time is another way of reducing turn-on dissipation.
On compressive CSI feedback beamforming scheme for FDD massive MIMO

Massive MIMO is a promising technology in future wireless communication networks. To fully utilize the spatial multiplexing gains of massive MIMO, the channel state information (CSI) must be obtained as accurately as possible at the transmitter side. However the conventional CSI feedback schemes are not suitable for FDD massive MIMO because of reference signal and feedback overhead. In 3GPP Rel.13, the channel quantized codebook feedback scheme is employed in order to reduce the CSI feedback overhead. However the cost of this scheme is that the performance gain decreases dramatically due to the channel quantized error caused by the codebook feedback. In this paper, the channel sparsity of massive MIMO is analyzed and the compressive feedback beamforming scheme for FDD massive MIMO is proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve the considerable performance gain.
Wide-supply-voltage-range buck-boost single-inductor dual-output DC-DC converter with pulse-frequency-modulation control

An integrated pulse-frequency-modulation controlled buck-boost single-inductor dual-output dc-dc converter with wide supply voltage range is proposed. In addition, the all-comparator feedback control technique is used, which means that error amplifiers are replaced by comparators to monitor the output voltage. By using this technique, the converter can achieve fast transient response, and has no stability problem. Moreover, no external compensation components are needed. In fact, the proposed PFM-controlled converter is suitable for low-power applications, such as powering biomedical sensing chips. The proposed converter chip was fabricated by a 0.35-μm CMOS process, and its input voltage range may ranges from 1.8 V to 4.2 V. There are two outputs in the proposed converter, 1.8 V and 3.3 V, and their maximal output currents are 120 mA and 90 mA. The load-regulations of these two outputs are 0.0066 %/mA and 0.008 %/mA, and the cross-regulations are 0.001 %/mA and 0.0004 %/mA.
Statistical Model and Rapid Prediction of RRAM SET Speed–Disturb Dilemma

A comprehensive study of SET speed-disturb dilemma in resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM) is presented using statistically based prediction methodologies, accounting for the stochastic nature of SET. An analytical percolation model has been successful in explaining the statistical Weibull distribution of SET time and SET voltage in addition to the power-law voltage-time dependence. Two prediction methodologies using constant voltage stress (CVS) and ramp voltage stress (RVS) are proposed to evaluate the SET speed-disturb properties. The RVS method reduces analysis time and cost and yields equivalent results as the CVS method. Furthermore, the RVS method is used to evaluate the device design space and the current status of RRAM technology to meet the strict requirement of the SET speed-disturb dilemma.
Design and Test of High-$T_C$Superconducting Coils for a Three-Phase 10.5 kV/1.5 kA Fault Current Limiter

The design and test of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) coils for a three-phase 10.5 kV/1.5 kA HTS fault current limiter (FCL) are described. It is well known that the critical current (Ic) of HTS materials is very sensitive to the orientation of fields. In the design of HTS coils, the value of the perpendicular component of magnetic field (Bperp) should be reduced, and the coils should be wound and jointed easily. In order to enlarge the current carrying capacity of the coil, the double pancakes in the coils were connected in parallel. Based on the field distribution in the coil and the current distribution in each double pancake, the design of the coil was optimized. Three coils wound with Bi-2223/Ag tape have been developed and tested in liquid nitrogen
Human Re-identification by Matching Compositional Template with Cluster Sampling

This paper aims at a newly raising task in visual surveillance: re-identifying people at a distance by matching body information, given several reference examples. Most of existing works solve this task by matching a reference template with the target individual, but often suffer from large human appearance variability (e.g. different poses/views, illumination) and high false positives in matching caused by conjunctions, occlusions or surrounding clutters. Addressing these problems, we construct a simple yet expressive template from a few reference images of a certain individual, which represents the body as an articulated assembly of compositional and alternative parts, and propose an effective matching algorithm with cluster sampling. This algorithm is designed within a candidacy graph whose vertices are matching candidates (i.e. a pair of source and target body parts), and iterates in two steps for convergence. (i) It generates possible partial matches based on compatible and competitive relations among body parts. (ii) It confirms the partial matches to generate a new matching solution, which is accepted by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) mechanism. In the experiments, we demonstrate the superior performance of our approach on three public databases compared to existing methods.
Recent Progress of Power Application of Superconductor in China

The significant progresses in high Tc superconducting wires or tapes have excited a great deal of research interests in power application. This paper will review the recent progresses of power application of superconductor in China. An improved bridge-type fault current limiter was tested and a 10.5 kV/1.5 kA demonstrator has been operated at a substation in Hunan Province in 2005. A 75 meter, 10.5 kV/1.5 kA three phase HTS cable has been installed and operated at the Changtong Cable Headquarter in the end of 2004, and a 30 meter, 35 kV/2 kA HTS power cable was installed at substation and has been operated since July 2004. A 10.5 kV/400 V/630 kVA HTS transformer has been installed and operated at TBEA electric factory in 2005. A 500 kj/150 kVA SMES unit was developed and tested. 1.0 MJ/0.5 MW SMES will be installed in a power grid in 2006. Besides, a new kind equipment of fault-current-limiting SMES is being developed and a 100 kJ/25 kW prototype has been made and tested.
Optimal control approach for robust control design of uncertain time-delay systems

This paper proposes an optimal control approach for the robust control design problem of the linear time-delay systems, which takes parameter uncertainties and state delay into account. It is shown that the robust control problem can be equivalently transformed into an optimal control problem with the amount of plant uncertainties indirectly reflected in the performance index. By introducing algebraic manipulations and appropriate uncertainty descriptions, a sufficient condition is derived under which not only the uncertain dynamical system can achieve stability, but can also reach the guaranteed level of performance. A suitable linear state feedback control law is characterized via Lyapunov stability theory to ensure quadratic stability and performance robustness of the closed-loop system.
Adaptive Scene Category Discovery With Generative Learning and Compositional Sampling

This paper investigates a general framework to discover categories of unlabeled scene images according to their appearances (i.e., textures and structures). We jointly solve the two coupled tasks in an unsupervised manner: 1) classifying images without predetermining the number of categories and 2) pursuing generative model for each category. In our method, each image is represented by two types of image descriptors that are effective to capture image appearances from different aspects. By treating each image as a graph vertex, we build up a graph and pose the image categorization as a graph partition process. Specifically, a partitioned subgraph can be regarded as a category of scenes and we define the probabilistic model of graph partition by accumulating the generative models of all separated categories. For efficient inference with the graph, we employ a stochastic cluster sampling algorithm, which is designed based on the Metropolis-Hasting mechanism. During the iterations of inference, the model of each category is analytically updated by a generative learning algorithm. In the experiments, our approach is validated on several challenging databases, and it outperforms other popular state-of-the-art methods. The implementation details and empirical analysis are presented as well.
Development and Test of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter-Magnetic Energy Storage (SFCL-MES) System

A superconducting fault current limiter-magnetic energy storage (SFCL-MES) system for substation applications is proposed. SFCL-MES system can limit not only the peak fault current, but also the steady fault current. Moreover, it can provide high-quality power for the critical customers of the substation at the same time. A 100 kJ/1000 A/20 kVA SFCL-MES prototype system is developed, and it mainly consists of a NbTi magnet with two coaxial and homocentric solenoids for reducing stray field, a three-half-bridge converter and a current regulator. The principle of SFCL-MES is analysed, the design and experiment results for the SFCL-MES system are described.
Hierarchical Ensemble of Background Models for PTZ-Based Video Surveillance

In this paper, we study a novel hierarchical background model for intelligent video surveillance with the pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera, and give rise to an integrated system consisting of three key components: background modeling, observed frame registration, and object tracking. First, we build the hierarchical background model by separating the full range of continuous focal lengths of a PTZ camera into several discrete levels and then partitioning the wide scene at each level into many partial fixed scenes. In this way, the wide scenes captured by a PTZ camera through rotation and zoom are represented by a hierarchical collection of partial fixed scenes. A new robust feature is presented for background modeling of each partial scene. Second, we locate the partial scenes corresponding to the observed frame in the hierarchical background model. Frame registration is then achieved by feature descriptor matching via fast approximate nearest neighbor search. Afterwards, foreground objects can be detected using background subtraction. Last, we configure the hierarchical background model into a framework to facilitate existing object tracking algorithms under the PTZ camera. Foreground extraction is used to assist tracking an object of interest. The tracking outputs are fed back to the PTZ controller for adjusting the camera properly so as to maintain the tracked object in the image plane. We apply our system on several challenging scenarios and achieve promising results.
Fast fractal encoding algorithm using the law of cosines

The major drawback of the fractal image compression is the high encoding complexity to find the best match between a range block and a large pool of domain blocks. This paper presents a fast fractal-encoding algorithm based on the law of cosines. The number of domain blocks searched to find the best match for each range block is safely reduced by eliminating the ineligible domain blocks using the law of cosines. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can produce a completely identical fractal code to that of the exhaustive search in reduced time.