nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of affinity and kinetic constants of the biotin-streptavidin complex using GMR microfluidic biosensor

Studies of the interactions between biological molecules are of highest importance in a vast number of areas of biomedicine and biotechnology. Today there are several different methods used for affinity studies such as surface film resonance, mass spectroscopy, ultracentrifugation, chromatography and electrophoresis and so on. Our approach utilizes GMR microfluidic biosensor, an emerging idea tool for biomolecules detection applications. The GMR biochip combined with microfluidic system has higher reaction efficiency. The GMR microfluidic biosensor has been successfully used to perform online kinetic measurements of biotin and streptavidin. The affinity and dissociation reaction rate constants are consistent with literature results.
Corner-Based 3D Object Pose Estimation in Robot Vision

Conventional edge-based object pose estimation in robot vision shows low accuracy and slow convergence performance. In this paper, a corner-based object pose estimation method is proposed and studied. The classical pinhole camera model and model-based object pose estimation or tracking are employ, as well as the iterative optimization for accurate estimation. In our method, a new corner matching strategy is proposed since good corresponding is easy to be met for image corners. Then, good fitting results between the CAD model and object in the images can be obtained. Experimental results show that the new method can achieve more accurate and faster pose estimation than the conventional methods.
Direct-Write Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers for Non-Destructive Testing of Metal Plates

Current real time structural health monitoring is implemented by assembling multiple discrete sensors on a structure with each sensor providing only point measurement. The installation of the multiple sensors results in high global cost and low reliability. This paper reports the design, direct-write fabrication, and testing of ultrasonic transducers on a plate structure and a non-destructive testing method for detecting defects using the sensor array comprising the direct-write ultrasonic transducers. The transducers are made of piezoelectric poly(vinylidenefluoride/trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF/TrFE)) polymer coatings that are aerosol-spray deposited and patterned directly on the plate structure to be monitored. The ultrasonic transducers bearing annular array comb electrodes are designed for generating and selectively detecting fundamental antisymmetric Lamb-mode ultrasonic waves in the plate structure. The ultrasonic transducers can serve as both the actuators to generate ultrasonic waves and the sensors to detect ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic waves propagating through the plate structure contain the information about the structural integrity. With copper bars of different thicknesses introduced at the plate center as mock defects of different severity, the correlation between the transducer response and the defect thickness and hence, the severity is verified. It is also demonstrated that four ultrasonic transducers located at the square plate (100 mm $\times 100$  mm $\times 1.27$  mm) corners forming a transducer array, which can locate the defect on the plate. A short time Fourier transform algorithm and an imaging algorithm are developed for processing signal of the pitch-catch ultrasonic wave spectra to determine the location of the defects, which is verified by experimental results.
CLOTHO: A Large-Scale Internet of Things-Based Crowd Evacuation Planning System for Disaster Management

In recent years, different kinds of natural hazards or man-made disasters happened that were diversified and difficult to control with heavy casualties. In this paper, we focus on the rapid and systematic evacuation of large-scale densities of people after disasters to reduce loss in an effective manner. The optimal evacuation planning is a key challenge and becomes a hotspot of research and development. We design our system based on an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario that utilizes a mobile cloud computing platform in order to develop the crowd lives oriented track and help optimization system (CLOTHO). CLOTHO is an evacuation planning system for large-scale densities of people in disasters. It includes the mobile terminal (IoT side) for data collection and the cloud backend system for storage and analytics. We build our solution upon a typical IoT/fog disaster management scenario and we propose an IoT application based on an evacuation planning algorithm that uses the artificial potential field (APF), which is the core of CLOTHO. APF is conceptualized as an IoT service, and can determine the direction of evacuation automatically according to the gradient direction of the potential field, suitable for rapid evacuation of large population. Based on APF, we propose an evacuation planning algorithm names as APF with relationship attraction (APF-RA). APF-RA guides the evacuees with relationship to move to the same shelter as much as possible, to calm evacuees and realize a more humanitarian evacuation. The experimental results show that CLOTHO (using APF and APF-RA) can effectively improve convergence rate, shorten the evacuation route length and evacuation time, and make the remaining capacity of the surrounding shelters well balanced.
Distributed coverage of forest fire border based on WSN

The border coverage of forest fire in a three dimensional space is rigorously analyzed and the minimum number of the sensor nodes of WSN and their placement for complete coverage is determined. Also, given a random distribution of the sensor nodes, the approach of selecting a minimum subset of the sensor nodes for complete coverage in the forest fire monitoring system is addressed. A computationally efficient algorithm is developed and implemented in a distributed fashion. It is shown that the optimized WSN continues to offer better coverage of forest fire border coverage even when the sensor nodes start to fail over time, and the optimized WSN has better energy efficiency compared to the standard random deployment of sensor nodes in the forest fire monitoring system.
AHP method research of decision-making information system in integrated test technology based on granular computing

Integrated test technology is the research emphasis of improving test and support capability of complex weaponry equipment. In order to solve the Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) method research of decision-making information system in the integrated test technology, and then to simplify the decision-making information system structure and improve the efficiency of decision-making, the paper introduces the definition of Integrated Test Decision-making Information System. In view of the obvious advantages of AHP method applied in the integrated test decision-making information system, based on Quotient Space Granular Computing theory, the decision-making system is analyzed hierarchically and multi-granularity hierarchical acquisition method of dynamic decision-making information system is given. Through the application of the method in the test decision-making process of a certain type of integrated test equipment, the feasibility and validity of the method to deal with AHP is verified, and the decision-making efficiency of integrated test process is improved, then the method can effectively solve the problems of AHP method of decision-making information system in the integrated test technology.
A novel boundary approach for spin polarized transport in pseudo-spin-valve structure

The interfacial effect on spin polarization is studied in a pseudo-spin-valve structure (PSVs) consisting of two ferromagnetic layers (FM) separated by a nonmagnetic metallic layer (NM). We adopt the macroscopic two-current drift-diffusion model and boundary conditions taking spin flip at FM/NM interfaces into account. The two FM/NM interfaces with respect to the spacer NM layer are combined into a single interface under some appropriate assumptions and new formulae for spin transport boundary conditions are derived. The analytical solutions of spin polarization for both side interfaces of the free layer are calculated from those boundary conditions.
A high-accuracy tracking control for welding robot

Welding robots with strong robustness and high-precision trajectory tracking control play an important role in performing automatic welding processes under complex dynamic environments. This paper proposes a new variable structure control (VSC) based on multi-sliding-surface for welding robots with parameter uncertainties. The whole sliding-mode surface of VSC is divided into three sub-sliding-mode-surfaces. The first and second sliding-mode surfaces are designed mainly responsible for guaranteeing the finite-time reachability, as well as the finite-time converging to a vicinity around the equilibrium point along the predesigned sliding-mode surface, while the third sliding-mode one acts to further reduce the terminal steady-state error of VSC. Both the dynamic performances during the reaching and sliding-mode moving phases of VSC can be flexibly co-worked. This VSC helps to balance the confliction between higher steady-state precision and stronger robustness. Simulation results are presented to verify the trajectory tracking performance of the proposed control. Compared with the conventional PED control, the proposed VSC can provide welding robots with higher tracking accuracy as well as better tracking robustness.
A patch antenna array for 60-GHz WPAN based on polypropylene composite substrate

A microstrip line-fed patch antenna array is developed based on a novel PCB/epoxy/polypropylene/epoxy composite substrate for 60-GHz WPAN applications. The substrate features high RF performance as PTFE or LTCC, while the cost and manufacturing complexity is much lower than the above two materials, and therefore provides a great convenience for the integration of antennas with a transceiver front-end at 60-GHz band. This paper introduces the fabrication process of the substrate in detail, and the 2×2 and 4×4 demo patch antenna arrays fabricated on the substrate are developed. Measurement results showed that the peak gains of the two antenna arrays are 11.7dBi and 15.4dBi, respectively, while the bandwidth is at least 5.6GHz, which agree well with the simulation results.
A Novel Breath Analysis System Based on Electronic Olfaction

Certain gases in the breath are known to be indicators of the presence of diseases and clinical conditions. These gases have been identified as biomarkers using equipments, such as gas chromatography and electronic nose (e-nose). GC is very accurate but is expensive, time consuming, and nonportable. E-nose has the advantages of low cost and easy operation, but is not particular for analyzing breath odor, and hence, has a limited application in diseases diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel system that is special for breath analysis. We selected chemical sensors that are sensitive to the biomarkers and compositions in human breath, developed the system, and introduced the odor signal preprocessing and classification method. To evaluate the system performance, we captured breath samples from healthy persons and patients known to be afflicted with diabetes, renal disease, and airway inflammation, respectively, and conducted experiments on medical treatment evaluation and disease identification. The results show that the system is not only able to distinguish between breath samples from subjects suffering from various diseases or conditions (diabetes, renal disease, and airway inflammation) and breath samples from healthy subjects, but in the case of renal failure is also helpful in evaluating the efficacy of hemodialysis (treatment for renal failure).
Dead-time elimination of nine-switch converter

This paper presents a novel dead-time elimination method for operating nine-switch converter. The proposed method assumes unique switching cells of nine-switch converter to operate under several subintervals during a fundamental period. Due to the unidirectional conduction characteristics of switching cell, the nine-switch converter can operate without dead-time protection. For a special subinterval during which none of switching cells can be adopted, a novel and simple switching signal transformation method is proposed to fully eliminate dead-time in nine-switch converter. Matlab simulations verify the effectiveness of proposed modulation scheme.
Artificial bacterial flagella functionalized with temperature-sensitive liposomes for biomedical applications

Inspired by flagellar propulsion of bacterial such as E. coli, artificial bacterial flagella (ABFs) are magnetic swimming microrobots with helical shapes. ABFs can perform precise three-dimensional (3D) navigation in liquids under low-strength rotating magnetic fields making them attractive tools for drug delivery applications. Further functionalization of these swimming microrobots is necessary to optimize their performance of biomedical tasks. We report here for the first time the successful functionalization of titanium-coated ABFs with temperature-sensitive dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes. Adsorption of intact liposomes on titanium was assessed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The adsorption of fluorescently labeled liposomes on the surface of ABFs was confirmed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images. Functionalized ABFs (f-ABFs) can be loaded with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, and controlled drug release triggered by temperature. ABFs have a great potential to be used in targeted and controlled drug delivery and for in vivo sensing.
Design of micro-automatic weather station for modern power grid based on STM32

With the rapid growth of renewable energy resources over the past few years, the analysis and control of modern power systems are becoming more and more complex. Meteorological information has been regarded as the basic data to help operators handle the problems brought by renewable energy. Thus, the concept of micro-automatic weather station was proposed to meet the needs of modern power grid analysis and control. Based on the STM32 controller and meteorological sensors, the hardware and server software of the micro-automatic weather station are designed and developed, which can monitor wind speed, wind direction, light intensity, temperature and humidity of surroundings atmosphere. All real-time meteorological data together with geographic information offered by Global Positioning System are sent to the base station via wireless General Packet Radio Service network, the networked data are analysed in the server. The real experiment showed that weather station can run smoothly in the natural environment, providing accurate and real-time meteorological data for users. Consequently, micro-automatic weather station makes it possible for researchers to get a large amount of meteorological information at a low price in a short term.
Coalitional Planning in Game-like Domains via ATL Model Checking

Based on the planning via model checking paradigm, we address the problem of coalitional planning in this paper. Informally, coalitional planning is the problem of planning for a subset of agents in a multi-agent system to force the whole multi-agent system to satisfy some goals. We use the language of ATL as the goal language and the semantic structure of ATL, i.e., concurrent game structure, to formalize the planning domain. We separate the concept of goal and planning object and use execution structures to interpret the goals. And then, we define a algorithm for coalitional planning and formally prove its correctness. Distinguished from the previous work, in coalitional planning all the ATL formulas can be considered as goals, thus the expressive power of ATL is sufficiently applied.
A modular multilevel converter-based grid-tied battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system with decoupled power control

This paper presents a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based grid-tied batter-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which can mitigate the active power fluctuation caused by intermittent renewable generation and also realize reactive power compensation as required by voltage regulation. The proposed HESS is novel in that batteries and supercapacitors are distributed into the upper arm and the low arm of the MMC, respectively, and it is therefore possible to design fully decoupled real power and reactive power control and simultaneously optimize the performances of batteries and supercapacitors. The system modeling and operational principles of the MMC are first presented in this paper. Based on these analysis, the power decoupling control between the upper arm and the lower arm is discussed in detail. Moreover, the state-of-charge balancing control strategy for batteries and the voltage balancing control strategy for supercapacitors are presented also, which are the vital elements for implementing the proposed decoupled active and reactive power control. Finally, the proposed HESS and its control strategies have been verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental results.
AIRSPACES: Air-propelled Instrumented Robotic Sensory Platform(s) for Assateague Coastline Environmental Studies - A multidisciplinary experiential learning and research project at a minority serving land grant institution

AIRSPACES (Air-propelled Instrumented Robotic Sensory Platform(s) for Assateague Coastline Environmental Studies) project funded by the Maryland Space Grant Consortium (MDSGC) provides a model platform to involve a multidisciplinary team of Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, and Mathematics (STEAM) students in a challenging experiential learning and research endeavor that promotes active learning in field and laboratory settings. The overarching goal of the project is to develop an autonomous surface vessel to collect and map selected water quality variables, geo-located with GPS sensors in lakes and ponds on campus, as well as Assateague and other nearby coastal bays for further scientific analysis. The project has been adapted for undergraduate students; however, outreach efforts by engineers and scientists at NASA Wallops Flight Facility have provided an overview of expanded scope of the goals and objectives that may be addressed in a professional setting.
Critical vector learning to construct sparse kernel modeling with PRESS statistic

A novel critical vector (CV) regression algorithm is proposed in the paper based on our previous work and PRESS statistics. The proposed regularized CV algorithm finds critical vectors in a successive greedy process in which, compared to the classical OLS algorithm, the orthogonalization has been removed from the algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is comparable to the OLS algorithm while it saves a lot of time complexities in implementing orthogonalization needed in the OLS algorithm.
Boosting Contextual Information for Deep Neural Network Based Voice Activity Detection

Voice activity detection (VAD) is an important topic in audio signal processing. Contextual information is important for improving the performance of VAD at low signal-to-noise ratios. Here we explore contextual information by machine learning methods at three levels. At the top level, we employ an ensemble learning framework, named multi-resolution stacking (MRS), which is a stack of ensemble classifiers. Each classifier in a building block inputs the concatenation of the predictions of its lower building blocks and the expansion of the raw acoustic feature by a given window (called a resolution). At the middle level, we describe a base classifier in MRS, named boosted deep neural network (bDNN). bDNN first generates multiple base predictions from different contexts of a single frame by only one DNN and then aggregates the base predictions for a better prediction of the frame, and it is different from computationally-expensive boosting methods that train ensembles of classifiers for multiple base predictions. At the bottom level, we employ the multi-resolution cochleagram feature, which incorporates the contextual information by concatenating the cochleagram features at multiple spectrotemporal resolutions. Experimental results show that the MRS-based VAD outperforms other VADs by a considerable margin. Moreover, when trained on a large amount of noise types and a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios, the MRS-based VAD demonstrates surprisingly good generalization performance on unseen test scenarios, approaching the performance with noise-dependent training.
Characteristic of Lead Content in Soil and Crop in Zhaoyuan Gold Mine Area

In this investigation, the Zhaoyuan gold mine was selected as the target study region, and the crops samples and corresponding soil samples surrounding gold mine were gathered to detect the lead content in those samples. The lead content in the soil and crop samples was detected by atomic absorption spectrometric method The physical and chemical characteristics of soil, such as the pH value of soil samples, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the amount of organic matter, was also determined in this study, and the relationship between lead content in soil and the physical and chemical characteristics and the correlation between lead content in soil and crops was researched in this investigation. The results showed that the range of lead content in soil was from 35.47 mg/kg to 170.24 mg/kg with the average lead content being 62.78 mg/kg. In the crop samples, the lead content distribution was the lead content in apple branch >; that one in corn stem >; that one in spinach >; that one in wheat >; that one in scallions. There was no correlation between the lead content in soil and the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and also no relationship between lead content in crops and those in the corresponding soil samples.
A 60GHz 360° digitally controlled phase shifter with 6-bit resolution and 2.3° maximal rms phase error in 65nm CMOS technology

This paper presents a 57-66GHz 6-bit switch type phase shifter fabricated in 65nm CMOS technology. The proposed phase shifter achieves a 6-bit resolution and a measured root mean square phase error of less than 2.3°, while the maximal insertion loss flatness is ±1.4dB. For all 64 states, the insertion loss is -20dB±3dB including pad loss over 57-66GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported 6-bit 60GHz phase shifter in CMOS technology.
Bundled Kernels for Nonuniform Blind Video Deblurring

We present a novel blind video deblurring approach by estimating a bundle of kernels and applying the residual deconvolution. Our approach adopts multiple kernels to represent spatially varying motion blur, and thus can cope with nonuniform video deblurring. For each blurred frame, we build a warping-based, space-variant motion blur model based on a bundle of homographies in between its adjacent frames. Then, the nearest sharp frame is employed to form an unblurred-blurred pair for solving the motion model and obtain a bundle of kernels at the blurred frame. Finally, we apply the deconvolution on the residual between the warped unblurred frame and blurred frame with the kernels. The blur kernel estimation and residual deconvolution are iteratively performed toward the deblurred frame, as well as significantly reducing artifacts such as ringings. Experiments show that our approach can efficiently remove the nonuniform video blurring, and achieves better deblurring results than some state-of-the-art methods.