nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Iterative Method for Bisymmetric Solutions and Optimal Approximation Solution of AXB=C

The bisymmetric solutions of the matrix equation AXB = C are too difficult to be obtained by applying matrices decomposition. In this paper, an iterative method is applied to solve this problem. By this, the solvability of the equation AXB = C over bisymmetric X can be determined automatically, and its solution can be obtained in finite iterative steps when it is consistent, its least-norm solution can be obtained by choosing a special kind of starting iterative matrix, furthermore, its optimal approximation solution to a given matrix can be derived by finding the least- norm solution of a new equation AXcircB = Ccirc.
Automatic Pronunciation Transliteration for Chinese-English Mixed Language Keyword Spotting

This paper presents automatic pronunciation transliteration method with acoustic and contextual analysis for Chinese-English mixed language keyword spotting (KWS) system. More often, we need to develop robust Chinese-English mixed language spoken language technology without Chinese accented English acoustic data. In this paper, we exploit pronunciation conversion method based on syllable-based characteristic analysis of pronunciation and data-driven phoneme pairs mappings to solve mixed language problem by only using well-trained Chinese models. One obvious advantage of such method is that it provides a flexible framework to implement the pronunciation conversion of English keywords to Chinese automatically. The efficiency of the proposed method was demonstrated under KWS task on mixed language database.
A 3.1–4.2 GHz automatic amplitude control loop VCO with constant Kvco and <10mV amplitude variation

This paper presents an automatic amplitude control (AAC) loop voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with a constant VCO gain (Kvco) for fractional-N frequency synthesizers in WLAN application in 65nm CMOS process. A novel AAC scheme based on a mixed-signal feedback loop has been proposed to minimize the amplitude variation. In order to achieve a low Kvco variation, an extra switched varactor array is also introduced to the LC tank together with the conventional switched capacitor array. The VCO achieves a tuning range of 23.7% from 3.1 to 4.2GHz, while consuming 4.6mA of quiescent current from a 1.2V power supply. The peak amplitude variation over the entire frequency range is less than 10mV, which can be otherwise as large as 100mV, or 22.2% without the AAC loop. The VCO shows a nearly constant Kvco of 60MHz/V, a low phase noise of −123.3dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and a superior FoM of −187dBc/Hz from a 3.6 GHz carrier.
Chain-type wireless sensor network node scheduling strategy

In order to reduce power consumption of sensor nodes and extend network survival time in the wireless sensor network (WSN), sensor nodes are scheduled in an active or dormant mode. A chain-type WSN is fundamentally different from other types of WSNs, in which the sensor nodes are deployed along elongated geographic areas and form a chain-type network topology structure. This paper investigates the node scheduling problem in the chain-type WSN. Firstly, a node dormant scheduling mode is analyzed theoretically from geographic coverage, and then three neighboring nodes scheduling criteria are proposed. Secondly, a hybrid coverage scheduling algorithm and dead areas are presented. Finally, node scheduling in mine tunnel WSN with uniform deployment (UD), non-uniform deployment (NUD) and optimal distribution point spacing (ODS) is simulated. The results show that the node scheduling with UD and NUD, especially NUD, can effectively extend the network survival time. Therefore, a strategy of adding a few mobile nodes which activate the network in dead areas is proposed, which can further extend the network survival time by balancing the energy consumption of nodes.
Applying improved very fast simulated annealing in regularized geophysical joint inversion

To avoid leading to an inversion solution for local minima of linear inversion, simulated annealing is introduced into 2-D geophysical joint inversion of magnetotelluric and seismic in this paper. L-curve method and a new adaptive algorithm are adopted for optimal regularized parameter determination. The results of joint inversion using these choices are compared and discussed. The model test shows that adaptive regularized joint inversion we studied is more effective and rigorous.
A field limiting ring termination structure with a p type corrugated resistance region

A field limiting ring termination, designed for 3.3 kV high voltage fast and soft recovery diode, is analyzed by using 2-dimensional numerical simulation in this paper. The results show that the lower leakage current and the improved robustness of the field limiting ring termination can be obtained by introducing a p type corrugated resistance region. During the reverse recovery, the corrugated resistance region can reduce the current density at the anode edge, and produce two lower electric fields which simultaneously undertake the peak electric field caused by the holes drifting to the anode side. The surface electric field at the anode edge is transferred into the body near the pn- junction curvature. As a result, the robustness of the field limiting ring termination can be improved compared with the conventional field limiting ring termination. Moreover, this design does not increase the extra fabrication process.
2875 nm Lasing From Ho3+-Doped Fluoroindate Glass Fibers

Ho<sup>3+</sup>-doped fluoroindate glass fibers (FIGFs) based on InF<sub>3</sub>-GaF<sub>3</sub>-ZnF<sub>2</sub>-BaF<sub>2</sub>-SrF<sub>2</sub>-YF<sub>3</sub>-LiF-PbF<sub>2</sub> glasses were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. By using a 92-cm-long Ho<sup>3+</sup>-doped FIGF as the gain medium and a 1120-nm fiber laser as the pump source, lasing at 2875 nm was obtained for a threshold pump power of 278 mW. By further increasing the pump power to 1224 mW, the obtained maximum output power was about 54.5 mW. The corresponding slope efficiency was about 6%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report lasing at 2875 nm from Ho<sup>3+</sup>-doped FIGFs.
Achieving Higher Resolution ISAR Imaging With Limited Pulses via Compressed Sampling

Recent theory of compressed sampling (CS) suggests that exact recovery of an unknown sparse signal with overwhelming probability can be achieved from very limited number of samples. In this letter, we adapt this idea and present a framework of high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging with limited measured data. During the framework, we mathematically convert the imaging into a problem of signal reconstruction with orthogonal basis; hence, a conceptive upper bound of the cross-range resolution is presented based on the CS theory. Real data results show that the CS imaging approach outperforms the conventional range-Doppler one in resolution.
A 140GHz phase-locked loop with 14.3% locking range in 65-nm CMOS

A fully integrated THz phase-locked loop (PLL) is proposed. It is consists of a fundamental PLL and a frequency doubler. In order to improve the oscillation frequency and reduced the phase noise, a feedback network composed of buffer amplifiers and capacitors is introduced to the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The wide locking-range divider chain of PLL consists of an injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) with a 3-bit binary-weighted switch-capacitor bank, current mode logic (CML) dividers, a multiple modulus divider (MMD). The proposed circuit was designed in a 65-nm CMOS process, and the VCO achieves a tuning range of 16.4% from 66GHz to 76GHz with a phase noise of −97dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset while consuming only 6.5mW. After the VCO, a broadband high efficiency frequency doubler can make output frequency from 132GHz to 152GHz with the fundamental rejection is larger than 20dB. The PLL achieves an excellent phase noise of −86 dBc/Hz in 144GHz at 1MHz offset, consuming 40.1mW of power.
A 57-to-64GHz two-path phased-array transmitter using linearity enhancement techniques in 28nm CMOS process

A 60-GHz two-path phased-array transmitter (TX) with linearity enhancement techniques in 28nm CMOS technology is presented. The design is based on the all-RF architecture with buffer amplifiers (BA), 5-bit RF switched LC phase shifters, variable gain amplifiers (VGA), linearity enhanced power amplifiers (PA), bias circuit, serial peripheral interface (SPI). The two-way TX array achieves a 30dB gain adjustment range from −3 to 27dB with 2.5 dB step and 360° phase adjustment range with 11.25° resolution per path. Thanks to the adoption of proposed linearity enhancement technique, each path of the TX achieved output P1dB of 11.8dBm and 11.5dBm respectively. Each single path of the two-path TX array consumes 140mw from a 0.9-V supply voltage and occupies an area of 0.3 × 1. 4mm2.
A reconfigurable 1/2/3-order Butterworth LP/CBP filter with noise canceller for sub-GHz applications

This paper presents a configurable 1/2/3 order Butterworth low pass(LP)/complex bandpass (CBP) filter for sub-GHz Applications in a 180-nm CMOS process. The filter employs operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) unit with feedforward capacitor instead of conventional two-stage amplifiers to broaden bandwidth while consuming no extra power. In order to achieve a good noise figure, extra noise cancellers have been carefully designed. The 3-dB bandwidth of the proposed filter can be 500k/1M/2M for LP mode and 1M/2M/8M for CBP mode. The filter consumes 0.8–4.6mA of current from a 1.7V power supply for different modes. A minimal 1dB compression point of 5dBm is also achieved while the noise figure of 27.53dB at 1MHz as a result of a good balance between linearity and noise.
Design of wideband planar power dividers/combiners

In this paper, two novel wideband planar power divider/combiners are presented. The first one is based on Y-shaped half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) and its wideband performance is obtained by directly matched to tapered microstrip line. The second one is derived from oversized microstrip taper and two-layer four-way power divider/combiner is also designed. Simulated results show that excellent wideband performance (from 10 GHz to 60 GHz, covering K, Ka and U band) can be achieved.
Anti-Jamming Message-Driven Frequency Hopping—Part II: Capacity Analysis Under Disguised Jamming

This is part II of a two-part paper that explores efficient anti-jamming system design based on message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH). In Part I, we point out that under disguised jamming, where the jammer mimics the authorized signal, MDFH experiences considerable performance losses like other wireless systems. To overcome this limitation, we propose an anti-jamming MDFH scheme (AJ-MDFH), which enhances the jamming resistance of MDFH by enabling shared randomness between the transmitter and the receiver using an AES generated ID sequence transmitted along the information stream. In part II, using the arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) model, we analyze the capacity of MDFH and AJ-MDFH under disguised jamming. We show that under the worst case disguised jamming, as long as the secure ID sequence is unavailable to the jammer (which is ensured by AES), the AVC corresponding to AJ-MDFH is nonsymmetrizable. This implies that the deterministic capacity of AJ-MDFH with respect to the average probability of error is positive. On the other hand, due to lack of shared randomness, the AVC corresponding to MDFH is symmetric, resulting in zero deterministic capacity. We further calculate the capacity of AJ-MDFH and show that it converges as the ID constellation size goes to infinity.
A new approach for fault tolerance based on modified TSS model

This paper presents a new approach to provide fault tolerance in MPLS multicast networks. MPLS has been used to provide faster forwarding; combining with multicasting it further supports applications with improved service. Fault tolerance is therefore important for such networks. Our approach for fault tolerance is to divide and encode the traffic into multiple disjoint trees using a modified (k, n) Threshold Sharing scheme. Our approach can reconstruct the original traffic from any k out of n trees available. Therefore, in the event of node/link failure(s) of any (n-k) trees, our approach provides fault tolerance without introducing any recovery delay and packet loss. Moreover, our objective is also to minimize bandwidth utilization for protection purposes.
A Novel Hybrid Based on Wolf Pack Algorithm and Differential Evolution Algorithm

The Wolf Pack Algorithm (WPA) is a new optimal algorithm with good performance in optimation, but there is still room for improvement of its convergence. Aiming at enhancing the ability of the local search and increasing the individual diversity in the population of the Wolf Pack Algorithm, a novel hybrid based on Wolf Pack Algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) was proposed, which named WPA/DE for short. Six standard benchmark functions are applied to verify the effects of these improvements. It is shown that the performance of WPA/DE is superior to, or at least highly competitive with, the standard WPA and other swarm intelligence optimal algorithm, such as GA, DE, PSO, and ABC in most situations.
An improved sawtooth oscillator and its application in on-chip femto-ampere current monitoring

In the fathomable design of femto-ampere current mode circuit (FCMC), circuit for on-chip measurement and monitoring of femto-ampere current is in high demand, not only for its simplicity in structure and cheapness in price, but also for its high measure accuracy and process tolerance. In this paper, on-chip femto-ampere current monitoring methodologies based on improved sawtooth oscillator whose average leakage is as small as 3.844fA (at the room temperature of 27deg C) have been proposed and verified using SMIC models of 0.18mum CMOS process. Meanwhile, capacitance and leakage calibration techniques for high precision on-chip femto-ampere current monitoring are also characterized and discussed. According to the simulation results, on-chip monitoring of current ranging from 28.2fA to 10muA is achieved with relative deviations less than 10%
Boolean matching algorithm based on the perfect matching of the bipartite graph

This paper presents an improved Boolean matching algorithm based on the perfect matching of the bipartite graph. By transforming the mapping between Boolean variables into the problem of the perfect matching of the bipartite graph, this improved algorithm can overcome the shortcoming of the original algorithm, i.e., lengthy computation time caused by the excessive mapping terms. It is shown through the experimental results on MCNC benchmarks that the improved algorithm can reduce the computation time by about 21% compared to the original algorithm. Also, the concept of the strongly mapping between Boolean variables is presented, which is the generalization of the conventional Boolean variable mapping.
An Event-Driven Service-Oriented Architecture for the Internet of Things

IoT (Internet of Things) bridges the physical world and information space. IoT services are environment sensitive and event-driven. The new IoT service architecture should adapt to these features. This paper analyses IoT sensing service characteristics and proposes the future services architecture. It is focused on the middleware architecture and the interface presentation technology. In the middleware layer, the traditional SOA architecture is insufficient in the real-time response and parallel process of services execution, this paper proposes that the new sensing service system based on EDSOA (Event Driven SOA) architecture to support real-time, event-driven, and active service execution. At presentation layer, this paper presents the new IoT browser features including using augmented reality technology to input and output, and realize the superposition presentation of the physical world and abstract information. Through a use case and proof-of-concept implementation-road manhole covers monitoring system - we verify the feasibility of the proposed ideas and frameworks.
Directed Optical Half-Adder Based on Two Cascaded Microring Resonators

We propose and demonstrate a directed optical half-adder based on cascaded microring resonators. Two independent electrical pulse sequences as the two operands are employed to modulate two microring resonators through the thermo-optic effect, respectively. The final operation results of the two operands are output in the form of bit-wise Sum and Carry optical pulse sequences at its two output ports simultaneously. The addition of two bits at 10 kb/s is demonstrated.
Blade-tip close warning situational awareness laser system for improving helicopter safety

In order to improve the helicopter operation safety in complex terrain or brown-out environments, a Blade-Tip close warning situation awareness Laser System (BTLS) with the detection range of 360-degree circumferential directions and the height direction to improve the helicopter situational awareness ability is proposed. The BTLS consists of blade-tip orthogonal laser transmitters, fuselage laser receiver array, and the laser drive controller, in which the transmitters, receivers, and fiber optic connections are all redundant. The most important feature of the BTLS is the two orthogonal directions of the transmitters installed in the blade-tip, using the helicopter itself rotating parts — blades to achieve quick scan of 360-degree circumferential directions and the height direction, thus overcoming the disadvantages of existing laser detectors of complex scan mechanism, lack detection range and installation location restrictions. The effects of the three angles of the helicopter blade in normal flight states and the helicopter pitch angle in high speed forward flight state on the BTLS performance are analyzed. The results showed that the BTLS has less 4% relative error whatever in circumferential directions or in height direction at the normal flight states except at the high speed forward flight state, there was a blind area in front. The BTLS is light weight, low power consumption, wide detection range, flexible installation location, high reliability, having high research value and good prospects.
Compact Integrated Energy Systems for Distributed Generation

Distributed generation systems usually include local energy sources, storages, and loads. Almost always, these entities have their own power converters for grid interfacing and energy processing. Having individual converters has advantages like more flexible individual control and simpler design but does not encourage functionality merging. Reduction of semiconductors to arrive at a more compact integrated design is thus not possible. Addressing this concern, a number of integrated energy generation systems that use 25% lesser semiconductors are proposed. The systems can be single or three phase depending on the types of sources, storages, and loads assembled. They can operate in the grid-tied or stand-alone mode with no compromise in performances expected, when compared with other solutions using more switches. For verifying the practicalities of the proposed integrated systems, experimental testing has already been performed on two example systems assembled in the laboratory.
Design and implementation of a multi-programs transport stream multiplexer

This paper describes design and implementation of a multi-programs transport stream multiplexer which is based on AVS system standard. We have developed an AVS TS compliant multiplexer with special considerations for multi-programs multiplexing. In particular, we construct a monitoring structure which can imitate the behavioral model of T-STD and then use the monitoring information as the key factors for scheduling. We have made efficient verification of AVS and MPEG-2 compliance by RTL simulation.
Characteristic and Metabolic pathways of 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol degradation by Alcaligenes F-3-4

An aerobic bacterial strain Alcaligenes F-3-4 was isolated from an acrylic fiber wastewater. This strain was able to degrade 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. The bacterium growth and 2,6-DTBP degradation was determined. Result showed, the lag period was extended when increasing the concentration of 2,6-DTBP. At 37°C and at log period, the degrading rate for 100.0 mg/L 2,6-DTBP could reach 86% within 12 d. Metabolic pathways of 2,6-DTBP degradation by Alcaligenes F-3-4 was studied. The results showed that the intermediate products are acetic acid, pyruvic acid, isobutyric acid, and so on. Identified metabolites and catabolic enzymes illustrate that the used bacterial strain attacks the benzene skeleton at the 2,3- position, and it also demethylates 2,6-DTBP. Metabolic pathways of degradation of 2,6-DTBP are proposed.
Area spectral efficiency of infrastructure relay enhanced cellular systems

In this study, the authors investigate the downlink area spectral efficiency (ASE) of infrastructure relay enhanced cellular systems. ASE for cellular systems is defined as the maximum achievable data rate per unit bandwidth per unit area supported by a base station. In relay enhanced systems, ASE can serve as an attractive performance metric by capturing the benefit of the relatively smaller spatial footprint of relay transmission and the resulting lower co-channel interference. In this study, by applying a moment generating function based approach, the authors first derive the general closed-form statistics of the total interference from dominant co-channel cells over Rayleigh fading channels. These interference statistics are readily applied to the calculation of the resulting ASE. The authors also propose a novel in-cell frequency reuse scheme to further exploit the smaller transmission power of relay stations (RSs). Through selected numerical examples, the authors show that in relay enhanced systems, the cell size, transmission power and RS positions should be properly selected to gain better ASE performance than the conventional systems without relays.
A Novel Earth Mover's Distance Methodology for Image Matching with Gaussian Mixture Models

The similarity or distance measure between Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) plays a crucial role in content-based image matching. Though the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) has shown its advantages in matching histogram features, its potentials in matching GMMs remain unclear and are not fully explored. To address this problem, we propose a novel EMD methodology for GMM matching. We first present a sparse representation based EMD called SR-EMD by exploiting the sparse property of the underlying problem. SR-EMD is more efficient and robust than the conventional EMD. Second, we present two novel ground distances between component Gaussians based on the information geometry. The perspective from the Riemannian geometry distinguishes the proposed ground distances from the classical entropy-or divergence-based ones. Furthermore, motivated by the success of distance metric learning of vector data, we make the first attempt to learn the EMD distance metrics between GMMs by using a simple yet effective supervised pair-wise based method. It can adapt the distance metrics between GMMs to specific classification tasks. The proposed method is evaluated on both simulated data and benchmark real databases and achieves very promising performance.