nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Video Event Detection Using Temporal Pyramids of Visual Semantics with Kernel Optimization and Model Subspace Boosting

In this study, we present a system for video event classification that generates a temporal pyramid of static visual semantics using minimum-value, maximum-value, and average-value aggregation techniques. Kernel optimization and model subspace boosting are then applied to customize the pyramid for each event. SVM models are independently trained for each level in the pyramid using kernel selection according to 3-fold cross-validation. Kernels that both enforce static temporal order and permit temporal alignment are evaluated. Model subspace boosting is used to select the best combination of pyramid levels and aggregation techniques for each event. The NIST TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED) 2011 dataset was used for evaluation. Results demonstrate that kernel optimizations using both temporally static and dynamic kernels together achieves better performance than any one particular method alone. In addition, model sub-space boosting reduces the size of the model by 80%, while maintaining 96% of the performance gain.
A statistical modeling approach to content based video retrieval

Statistical: modeling for content based retrieval is examined in the context of recent TREC Video benchmark exercise. The TREC Video exercise can be viewed as a test bed for evaluation and comparison of a variety of different algorithms on a set of high-level queries for multimedia retrieval. We report on the use of techniques adopted from statistical learning theory. Our method depends on training of models based on large data sets. Particularly, we use statistical models such as Gaussian mixture models to build computational representations for a variety of semantic concepts including rocket-launch, outdoor greenery, sky etc. Training requires a large amount of annotated (labeled) data. Thus, we explore the use of active learning for the annotation engine that minimizes the number of training samples to be labeled for satisfactory performance.
Video personalization and summarization system

A video personalization and summarization system is designed and implemented to dynamically generate a personalized video summary. The personalization system adopts the three-tier server-middleware-client architecture in order to select, adapt, and deliver rich media content to the user. The server stores the content sources along with their corresponding MPEG-7 metadata descriptions. These semantic metadata are provided through the use of our VideoAnnEx MPEG-7 video annotation tool. When the user initiates a request for content, the client communicates the user request and usage environment descriptions to the middleware. The middleware is powered by the personalization engine and the content adaptation engine. Our personalization engine includes the VideoSue summarization on usage environment engine that selects the optimal set of desired contents according to user preferences. Afterwards, the adaptation engine performs the required transformations and compositions of the selected contents for the specific usage environment using our VideoEd editing and composition tool. Finally, a personalization and summarization system is demonstrated on the IBM Websphere Portal Server for PCs and pervasive devices.
Video texture indexing using spatio-temporal wavelets

We present a new compact spatio-temporal texture descriptor designed for indexing dynamic video content. Video texture provides a way to characterize spatio-temporal features such as those corresponding to splashing water, flying birds, blowing trees, and so forth, which are not easily characterized by static feature descriptors. The video texture descriptor measures the 3D wavelet energy corresponding to spatio-temporal-frequency subbands of video segments. The wavelet energy captures the texture patterns as they unfold simultaneously along the spatial and temporal dimensions. We describe the process for extracting video texture features and investigate different methods of constructing video texture descriptors from 3D wavelet energy. We evaluate the video texture descriptors in retrieval experiments and show performance improvements compared to methods based on traditional texture descriptors.
Starting Manufacture of the ITER Central Solenoid

The central solenoid (CS) is a key component of the ITER magnet system to provide the magnetic flux swing required to drive induced plasma current up to 15 MA. The manufacture of its different subcomponents has now started, following completion of the design analyses and achievement of the qualification of the manufacturing procedures. A comprehensive set of analyses has been produced to demonstrate that the CS final design meets all requirements. This includes in particular structural analyses carried out with different finite-element models and addressing normal and fault conditions. Following the Final Design Review, held in November 2013, and the subsequent design modifications, the analyses were updated for consistency with the final design details and provide evidence that the Magnet Structural Design Criteria are fully met. Before starting any manufacturing activity of a CS component, a corresponding dedicated qualification program has been carried out. This includes manufacture of mockups using the real manufacturing tools to be tested in relevant conditions. Acceptance criteria have been established for materials and components, winding including joints, cooling inlets and outlets, insulation, precompression, and support structure elements.
Low inductance pulser system drives a fast magnet at DARHT

The DARHT facility [Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test] uses bremsstrahlung radiation from focused electron beams to produce radiographs. To produce a smaller spot size and, thus, a higher quality radiograph, one must be able to control the emittance of the electron beam. To that end, it is necessary to measure emittance. Emittance is measured by focusing the electron beam to a small size, such that the size is dominated by the emittance, as opposed to the space charge. Our electron beam, at 2 kA, 18 MV and 2 ps, would destroy any imaging target, were the full beam to be focused to minimal spot size for the full beam duration. The solution is to focus the beam for a short duration, a few tens of nanoseconds, using a fast solenoid magnet. This paper reports details of the pulsed power system used to drive the segmented magnet. The system consists of twenty pulsers, driving 60 cables to feed two headers on the magnet. The magnet itself consists of 12 individual loops, each segmented in three parts, for inductance reduction. The system is designed to produce one kilogauss over a 15-cm diameter and 60-cm length. The pulsers incorporate spark gaps that produce the main pulse with a half sine period of 125 ns and also clip the tail of the pulse to prevent refocusing of the beam. A five-to-one ratio between the first and second current peaks has been demonstrated [same polarity peaks].
Accelerated aging of extruded dielectric power cables. II. Life testing of 15 kV XLPE-insulated cables

For pt.I see ibid., vol.7, no.2, p.596-602 (1992). Preliminary results are described in which 15 kV XLPE cables were subjected to accelerated aging tests under a variety of controlled voltage stress and thermal load cycle conditions, with loss of life being calculated for each set of conditions in terms of the geometric mean time to failure (GMTF). The relative influence of voltage stress and load cycle temperature are discussed. Accelerated aging results show a reduction in GMTF for 15 kV XLPE-insulated cables as the voltage stress or conductor load cycle temperature is increased in a controlled manner. The relative influence of voltage stress versus load cycle temperature can be compared. The GMTF increases more in going from 90 degrees C to 60 degrees C at constant applied voltage stress than in going from 4X to 2X rated voltage at constant load cycle temperature conditions.
Semantic video clustering across sources using bipartite spectral clustering

Data clustering is an important technique for visual data management. Most previous work focuses on clustering video data within single sources. We address the problem of clustering across sources, and propose novel spectral clustering algorithms for multisource clustering problems. Spectral clustering is a new discriminative method realizing clustering by partitioning data graphs. We represent multi-source data as bipartite or K-partite graphs, and investigate the spectral clustering algorithm under these representations. The algorithms are evaluated using the TRECVID-2003 corpus with semantic features extracted from speech transcripts and visual concept recognition results from videos. The experiments show that the proposed bipartite clustering algorithm significantly outperforms the regular spectral clustering algorithm in capturing cross-source associations.
Design and analysis of the DIII-D radiative divertor water-cooled structures

The radiative divertor is a major modification to the divertor of DIII-D and is being designed and fabricated for installation in late 1996. The Radiative Divertor Program (RDP) will enhance the dissipative processes in the edge and divertor plasmas to reduce the heat flux and plasma erosion at the divertor target. This approach will have major implications for the heat removal methods used in future devices. The divertor is of slot-type configuration designed to minimize the flow of sputtered and injected impurities back to the core plasma. The new divertor will be composed of toroidally continuous, Inconel 625 water-cooled rings of sandwich construction with an internal water channel, incorporating seam welding to provide the water-to-vacuum seal as well as structural integrity. The divertor structure is designed to withstand electromagnetic loads as a result of halo currents and induced toroidal currents. It also accommodates the thermal differences experienced during the 400/spl deg/C bake used on DIII-D. A low Z plasma-facing surface is provided by mechanically attached graphite tiles. Water flow through the rings will inertially cool these tiles which will be subjected to 38 MW, 10 second pulses. Current schedules call for detailed design in 1996 with installation completed in March 1997. A full size prototype, one-quarter of one ring, is being built to validate manufacturing techniques, machining, roll-forming, and seam welding. The experience and knowledge gained through the fabrication of the prototype is discussed. The design of the electrically isolated (5 kV) vacuum-to-air water feedthroughs supplying the water-cooled rings is also discussed.
ResGrid: A Grid-aware Toolkit for Reservoir Uncertainty Analysis

Many efforts in Grid communities have focused on middleware research and development. However, Grid application-level tools are needed which can build higherlevel functionality on top of core middleware services. We work with specific classes of scientific applications and present a Grid-aware toolkit ResGrid for reservoir uncertainty analysis. With the help of the ResGrid, a reservoir engineer can transparently take advantage of Grid resources and services for compute-intensive and dataintensive uncertainty analysis as well as enforce the understanding of reservoir modeling. In this paper, the ResGrid is introduced in terms of overview, architecture, and implementation status.
Performance of the Cygnus X-ray source

Cygnus is a radiographic X-ray source developed for support of the Sub-Critical Experiments Program at the Nevada Test Site. Major requirements for this application are: a dramatically reduced spot size as compared to both Government Laboratory and existing commercial alternatives, layout flexibility, and reliability. Cygnus incorporates proven pulsed power technology (Marx Generator, Pulse Forming Line, Water Transmission Line, and Inductive Voltage Adder sub-components) to drive a high voltage vacuum diode. In the case of Cygnus, a relatively new approach (the rod pinch diode) is employed to achieve a small source diameter.  2.25 MeV peak energy, < 1 min source diameter, and 5-10 rads dose at 1 meter. The pulsed power and system architecture design plan has been previously presented (Weidenheimer et al., 2001). The first set of Cygnus shots are now underway and are geared to verification of electrical parameters and, therefore, use a large area diode configuration offering increased shot rate as compared to that of the rod pinch diode. Later tests incorporate the rod pinch diode and will concentrate on X-ray production with time resolved measurements of X-ray dose and spot size. In this work we present results of initial operation in terms of electrical and radiation parameters. In addition, the issues associated with static and time resolved radiographs may be included. Performance of the pulse power system is being evaluated by comparison of measured to design output parameters. This is accomplished by comparison of multiple voltage and current measurements throughout the system with various circuit model codes such as MicroCAP and T-Line.
Manufacture of the ITER Central Solenoid Components

The ITER central solenoid (CS) components are currently being manufactured. This Nb3Sn superconducting magnet will provide the magnetic flux swing required to induce up to 15 MA as plasma current. It includes six identical coils, called modules, stacked on top of each other to form a solenoid, enclosed inside a structure split into nine subsets, to provide vertical precompression and mechanical support. High mechanical stresses in materials and high voltages call for the use of structural materials with high strength and toughness and high dielectric strength insulating materials, respectively. The pulsed operation imposes materials with high fatigue strength at cryogenic temperatures. Unlike for the structure, where large existing manufacturing tools were usable, the modules required the construction of a dedicated manufacturing line. A comprehensive qualification programme is performed at the manufacturers before applying procedures for the production of the CS components. The main characteristics of the CS components, their manufacturing routes and the different elements of the qualification programme are described. The overall plan for the manufacture is reported. The status of the first series production components manufactured is presented as well as the planned delivery schedule to the ITER site.
Learning Locally-Adaptive Decision Functions for Person Verification

This paper considers the person verification problem in modern surveillance and video retrieval systems. The problem is to identify whether a pair of face or human body images is about the same person, even if the person is not seen before. Traditional methods usually look for a distance (or similarity) measure between images (e.g., by metric learning algorithms), and make decisions based on a fixed threshold. We show that this is nevertheless insufficient and sub-optimal for the verification problem. This paper proposes to learn a decision function for verification that can be viewed as a joint model of a distance metric and a locally adaptive thresholding rule. We further formulate the inference on our decision function as a second-order large-margin regularization problem, and provide an efficient algorithm in its dual from. We evaluate our algorithm on both human body verification and face verification problems. Our method outperforms not only the classical metric learning algorithm including LMNN and ITML, but also the state-of-the-art in the computer vision community.
Cygnus Dual Beam Radiography Source

The subcritical experiment (SCE) program was initiated after the 1992 moratorium on underground nuclear testing in support of stockpile stewardship. The dynamic material properties of plutonium are a major topic of exploration for the SCE program. In order to provide for a multilayered containment of plutonium, the SCEs are executed in the Ula underground tunnel complex at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Cygnus is a new radiographic X-ray source developed for diagnostic support of the SCE Program at NTS. Typically, SCEs have been limited to surface diagnostics. Cygnus radiography was developed to complement the existing surface diagnostics, provide a more extensive spatial view (albeit temporally limited), and provide internal (penetrating) measurements. The Stallion series of SCEs consists of the following four shots listed in chronological order: Vito, Rocco, Mario, and Armando. Armando was the initial experiment for Cygnus radiography. The Rocco, Mario, and Armando tests use identical physics packages, permitting the correlation of Armando radiographic results with surface results from all three shots. The main X-ray source requirements for an SCE involve spot size, intensity, penetration, and duration. To this end Cygnus was designed to satisfy the following specifications: ~1 mm source diameter, 4 Rads dose at a distance of 1 meter, ~2.25 MeV endpoint energy, and < 100 ns pulse length. Two Cygnus sources (Cygnus 1, Cygnus 2) were fielded at NTS providing two views separated in space by 60deg and in time by 2 mus. Cygnus performance as a dual beam radiography source at NTS is highlighted in this paper.
Semi-automatic, data-driven construction of multimedia ontologies

In this paper we investigate semi-automatic construction of multimedia ontologies using a data-driven approach. We start with a collection of videos for which we wish to build an ontology (an explicit specification of a domain). Each video is pre-processed: scene cut detection, automatic speech recognition (ASR), and metadata extraction are performed. In addition we automatically index the videos based on visual content by extracting syntactic (e.g., color, texture, etc.) and semantic features (e.g., face, landscape, etc.). We then combine standard tools for ontology engineering and tools in content-based retrieval to semi-automatically build ontologies. In the first stage we process the text information available with the videos (ASR, metadata, and annotations, if any). Stop words (e.g., a, on, the) are eliminated and statistics (e.g., frequency, TFIDF, and entropy) are computed for all terms. Based on this data we manually select concepts and relationships to include in the ontology. Then we use content-based retrieval tools to assign multimedia entities (e.g., shots, videos, collections of videos) to concepts, properties, or relationships in the ontology, and to select multimedia entities as concepts, relationships, or properties in the ontology. We explore this methodology to construct multimedia ontologies from 24 hours of educational films from the 1940s-1960s used in the TREC video retrieval benchmark and discuss the problems encountered and future directions.
ITER Central Solenoid Module fabrication program

General Atomics (GA) is currently under contract to fabricate the ITER Central Solenoid Modules (CSM). The contract is managed by the US ITER at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, under the sponsorship of the Department of Energy Office of Science. The contract includes the design and qualification of manufacturing processes and tooling necessary to fabricate seven superconducting CSM (6 + 1 spare) that constitute the ITER Central Solenoid. The modules will be produced and delivered to the ITER site during 2017-2019. GA has established a fabrication facility that combines 1,500 m2 of offices with 6,000 m2 of fabrication space. Extensive building modifications were made in anticipation of the first tooling station which arrived in February of 2014. The facility utilizes several cranes with up to 35 ton capability to handle and move delivered conductor and wound hex and quad pancakes during the winding, joint and lead fabrication, and stacking operations. The 110-tonne coil is moved from station to station via a self-propelled air-bearing cart designed for this application. Critical systems have been designed, built and initial testing completed for use in fabricating the CSM. The winding stations were designed, built and successfully tested at the Tauring S.p.A factory in Turin Italy. The reaction heat treatment furnace has been designed, built and tested at Seco-Warwick facility in Sweibodzin, Poland. Insulating wrapping heads were completed by Ridgway Machines Ltd of Leicester, England and shipped to GA. GA has designed and built several other key tooling stations for joining the coil segments, insulating the turns and vacuum pressure impregnation. Qualification of the equipment is accomplished with Factory Acceptance Tests at the supplier's facility, Site Acceptance Tests and commissioning at GA, and is completed with the production of the mockup coil prior to using the station for the fabrication of the first CS module.
Multimodal video search techniques: late fusion of speech-based retrieval and visual content-based retrieval

This paper describes multimodal systems for ad-hoc search constructed by IBM for the TRECVID 2003 benchmark of search systems for broadcast video. These systems all use a late fusion of independently developed speech-based and visual content-based retrieval systems and outperform our individual retrieval systems on both manual and interactive search tasks. For the manual task, our best system used a query-dependent linear weighting between speech-based and image-based retrieval systems. This system has mean average precision (MAP) performance 20% above our best unimodal system for manual search. For the interactive task, where the user has full knowledge of the query topic and the performance of the individual search systems, our best system used an interlacing approach. The user determines the (subjectively) optimal weights A and B for the speech-based and image-based systems, where the multimodal result set is aggregated by combining the top A documents from system A followed by top B documents of system B and then repeating this process until the desired result set size is achieved. This multimodal interactive search has MAP 40% above our best unimodal interactive search system.
A generalized multiple instance learning algorithm for large scale modeling of multimedia semantics

Statistical learning techniques provide a robust framework for learning representations of semantic concepts from multimedia features. The bottleneck is the number of training samples needed to construct robust models. This is particularly expensive when the annotation needs to happen at finer granularity. We present a novel approach where the annotations may be entered at coarser spatial granularity while the concept may still be learnt at finer granularity. This can speed up annotation significantly. Using the multiple instance learning paradigm, we show that it is possible to learn representations of concepts occurring at the regional level by using annotations for several images. We present a generalized multiple instance learning algorithm that can scale to a large number of training samples as well as a large number of instances per bag. The algorithm also provides the ability to plug in different density modeling or regression techniques. Using the TREC 2001 Corpus we demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the existing diverse density algorithm.