nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical capacitance tomography reconstruction algorithm using Kalman filter

In the Electrical Capacitance Tomography, the distribution of permittivity in the pipe can be estimated using the capacitance measurements with help of the reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, the permittivity distribution was reconstructed with Kalman Filter and several simulations were carried out to evaluate the effect of different initial values of the grey values in the image and the estimate error covariance on reconstructed image. In addition, Landweber and Tikhonov were used to reconstruct the object to compare with the reconstructed effect of Kalman Filter with suitable initial values.
A Modified ROEWA Method for Edge Detection in SAR Images

The ROEWA (ratio of exponentially weighted averages) edge detector is developed by Roger Fjortoft. The operator has constant false alarm rates and outstanding localization performance, but does not offer how to calculate the direction of edge. This paper analyses the localization performance of the operator, and develops a method based on Gabor filter to calculate the direction of edge. The modified ROEWA operator is perfectly suited for linear structure extraction
Practical Limitations of an Algorithm for the Singular Value Decomposition as Applied to Redundant Manipulators

The singular value decomposition has been largely used in analyzing kinematics and the dynamic characteristics of robot manipulators. Generally, it needs to find the singular value decomposition of corresponding Jacobian matrix of a robot manipulator, which usually involves a considerable amount of computations. In some cases, this hinders the method from real-time applying. An algorithm proposed by Maciejewski which takes advantage of the nature of robotics matrix calculations is analyzed and improved in this paper. We still obtained the standard SVD of Jacobian in some abnormal cases through our method. A simulation experiment is given to show the effectiveness of our approach
Containing order rough set methodology

In classical rough set theory, which gives definitions of indiscernibility relation, upper approximation, lower approximation, reduct and core, the main idea is approximating knowledge granules which come from decision attributes set employing knowledge granules from condition attributes set, hence generating rules. These knowledge granules are obtained according to equivalence relation in essence, it is possible there exist attributes which contain preference order relation among their values and correlate semantically with other attributes, such attributes are called criteria. Rough set methodology involved in this paper takes into account these information which criteria carry, deduces rules containing order information, and discusses to keep rules set more complete and consistent. In this paper we introduce definition of containing order rough set (CORS) methodology and other concerned notations, formalizes method of data analysis and rules generation, moreover provide a more rational approximation quality measure and four principles of generating rules.
Novel Design of Wilkinson Power Dividers With Arbitrary Power Division Ratios

In this paper, a stub-loaded transmission line that is used to design Wilkinson power dividers with arbitrary power division ratios is discussed in depth. Power division is always required in most wireless/wireline communications such as industrial systems and consumer electronics. However, the design of an unequal Wilkinson power divider, particularly with a large division ratio, becomes a challenge in engineering because of the impractical realization of the high- or low-impedance transmission lines on a dielectric substrate. In this paper, we first introduce a transmission-line structure and perform theoretical analysis. The derivations reveal that the studied structure can be utilized to design Wilkinson power dividers with equal or unequal power divisions. For demonstration purposes, two power dividers with division ratios of 1 : 1 and 1 : 9, respectively, and operating in the popular industrial, scientific, and radio-frequency identification frequency bands are implemented by loading distributed transmission-line elements, namely, open- or short-circuited stubs. The demonstrators are also fabricated and validated by measurements, and good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated responses is observed.
A Real-Time Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Dynamic Priority

By studying the dynamic value density and urgency of a task, a preemptive scheduling strategy based on dynamic priority assignment is proposed. In the strategy, two parameters $p$ and $q$ are used to adjust the weight that the value density and urgency of a task impact on its priority, and a parameter $\beta$ is used to avoid the possible system thrashing. Finally, the simulations show that our algorithm is prior to the analogous algorithms, such as EDF, HVF and HVDF, on gained-value of the system, deadline miss ratio and preemptive number.
Fuzzy almost regular and fuzzy strong Hausdorff separation properties

A weak regular space called almost regular space and the strong Hausdorff space in L-fuzzy topological space are introduced. Their properties have also been investigated in This work. The strong Hausdorff spaces are proved to have interesting properties such as topological properties, product properties, hereditary properties and L-good extension. Their relationship between Hausdorff spaces and regular spaces are also studied.
Coverage effectiveness analysis of AIS base station: A case study in Yangtze River

AIS data are of great significance to ensure the safety of ship navigation and strengthen maritime management. The present study focuses on the situations of AIS data loss in practical applications to research coverage of AIS base station. The original AIS data is pre-processed in accordance with structure characteristics, including data packet, data filtering and so on. Data reconstruction has been performed by applying piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation function. In order to identify AIS data loss for different segments, the study area is divided into several sub-areas, on basis of which AIS data loss rate has been statistically computed and visually presented by using mapping technique. The characteristics of individual vessel passing through the area are investigated as well. By applying visual analysis method, the coverage of AIS base station at the upper Yangtze River is revealed. The present study provides novel insights into AIS base station arrangement strategies, thus AIS data loss rate could be reduced.
NATURE OF RINGING ARTIFACTS IN SPECT RECONSTRUCTION AND THEIR REDUCTION BY THE USE OF SIDE INFORMATION

ML-EM iterative reconstruction algorithms tend towards ringing artifacts, and high noise, after a large number of iterations just as filtered backprojection algorithms tend toward streak artifacts. OS-EM is a type of ML-EM algorithm and an edge overshoot has been observed experimentally for uniform-activity spheres of large size but not smaller size. Herein, we shed light on such artifacts by showing that they are a function of the object size relative to the FWHM of the collimator-detector response function. That is, for a given number of iterations, an over- or undershoot can occur at a given spatial location or not depending on the value of the ratio. We further show that a new, regularized, penalized-likelihood algorithm based on ordered subsets and employing side information stabilizes the iterative procedure against the development of artifacts
Research on the dynamical properties of Beijing road traffic network

The complex nature of urban traffic systems is the key to analyze and solve more and more traffic problems we encounter today. In this paper, the Level-Of-Service (LOS) is redefined in order to reveal the evolving mechanisms of urban traffic systems. Furthermore, the dynamic model of the Beijing road traffic system in which the dynamical properties are described completely is constructed based on dynamic network theory. The conclusion that urban traffic systems can be viewed as static networks, stochastic networks and complex networks at different system phases by analyzing the structural randomness is come out. In the end, with the real traffic data in Beijing for experiment, we demonstrate the evolving process and validate the stochastic characteristics and the scale-free property of the traffic network at different phases.
Broadband Radar Cross Section Reduction Using Dual-Circular Polarization Diffusion Metasurface

In this letter, a novel dual-circular polarization diffusion metasurface is proposed for the radar cross section reduction. Considering the polarization, the diffusion metasurface is designed based on two circular polarizations, and it has different phase distributions for two circular polarizations separately. Through increasing the degree of freedom, a more uniform scattering pattern can be obtained for a linear-polarized incidence. Following this idea, the four types of unit cells are designed, which can independently control phases of left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations in broadband. To achieve broadband low-scattering performance, these unit cells are arranged in a configuration optimized by a genetic algorithm. Simulated and measured results prove that our method offers an effective strategy to design diffusion metasurfaces for broadband low scattering.
Complex characteristic analysis of passenger train flow network

Train flow network is a complex network. The small-world and scale-free characteristics are analyzed. A computing example is carried out to show how to calculate the average path length and the cluster coefficient. The characteristics of the network built with all the trains of a national service plan are analyzed by the same method. It proves that the train flow network is a typical complex network and it is robust to the random disturbance while vulnerable to the deliberate attack. The analysis of the results can give valuable supporting information for the railway operators.
Enhancement of Luminous Efficiency and Uniformity of CCT for Quantum Dot-Converted LEDs by Incorporating With ZnO Nanoparticles

ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into quantum dot (QD)-silicone encapsulation materials of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to exploit their strong scattering effect, which were proved by the ZnO-only film experiment. The novel packaging scheme led to a decrease in the radiation flux because of the conversion-energy loss of QDs and backscattering of ZnO nanoparticles. Under the similar color coordinate, the luminous flux of the ZnO-incorporated QD-LED showed a 3.37% increase compared to the conventional structure. This was attributed to the scattering effect, which enhanced the utilization of blue light and the conversion of yellow light. And the angular-dependent correlated color temperature (CCT) deviation was reduced from 862 to 712 K in the range of −70° to 70°. Moreover, the CCT monotonically decreased, and the chromaticity coordinate steadily shifted to the yellow region as the amount of ZnO nanoparticles increased. Therefore, ZnO nanoparticles can be a favorable optical performance enhancer for the future generation of QD-converted LEDs.
Investigation on AC Losses of a Quasi-Isotropic Strand Made From REBCO Coated Conductors

With the development of REBCO coated conductor (REBCO CC), high-temperature superconducting (HTS) strand with high current capacity and quasi-isotropic performance is expected to have widely potential applications. The alternating current (AC) loss is always one of the most important characteristics in AC HTS applications. This paper aims to perform research of AC losses of quasi-isotropic strand consisting of REBCO CCs by theoretical analysis and experiment. The electromagnetic characteristic of the strand is simulated. Then, the finite-element method is used to calculate AC losses. Based on the analysis of magnetic field distributions of the REBCO CCs, different theoretical models are introduced to calculate AC losses of the strand. To verify this model, AC losses of the strand are calculated and compared with the measured results.
A Power Control Game Algorithm Based on Interference Temperature in Cognitive Radio

Aiming at the power control in cognitive radio, a power control game algorithm based on interference temperature is discussed, and non-cooperative power control game which is created by David Goodman is used. The efficiency function was mended, and we also designed a new pricing function with interference temperature. Compared with other power control game models, the simulation shows that the NPG-ITLP algorithm can improve the parteo efficiency, and guarantee the QoS of the secondary users as well as primary users. It also realizes resource allocation equality in cognitive radio network.
Dynamics of 1550-nm VCSELs With Positive Optoelectronic Feedback: Theory and Experiments

Nonlinear dynamics of a 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with positive optoelectronic feedback are studied both numerically and experimentally. A mapping of dynamical states is presented in the parameter space of feedback delay time and feedback strength, where different states are identified and shown. A bifurcation diagram of the extrema of output peak series versus the feedback delay time is plotted. Various nonlinear dynamical behaviors, including regular pulsing, quasi-periodic pulsing, and chaotic pulsing, have been numerically and experimentally observed. Both numerical simulation and experimental observation indicate that the laser enters a chaotic pulsing state at certain delay times of the feedback loop through a quasi-periodic route.
Coke dry quenching and utilization of its waste heat for electricity in iron and steel industry

Iron and steel industry is a typical energy intensive industry. On account of this, it is an important task for the iron and steel industry to obtain an obvious effect from energy conservation in the aspects of energy saving technology renovation and intensifying management. In this study, a project of coke dry quenching (CDQ) and utilization of its waste heat for electricity is used as a case to reveal the improved efficiency of energy and CO2 emission reductions. The analyses are conducted based on using the ACM0012 methodology of Clean Development Mechanism(CDM).It is found that the expected annual power generation is 163,200 MWh, which meets 12% electricity needs of the owner. The project will displace an equivalent amount of annual power currently drawn from the grid, leading to emission reductions of approximately 168,145 tons CO2 equivalent annually.
On visual similarity based interactive product recommendation for online shopping

With the rapid development of e-commerce and explosive growth of online shopping market, the problem of how to optimize the process of guiding the user to the huge amount of online products have been urgent. Existing recommender systems use information from users' profiles (demographic filtering), similar neighbors (collaborative filtering), and textual description (content-based model) to make recommendations, which easily generate irrelevant suggestions to users due to the ignorance of users' intentions and the visual similarity among products. In this paper, we proposed an interactive product recommendation method, which considers not only the product diversity but also the visual similarity, to interactively capture a user's real intention and refine the product recommendation result based on the user's real product interests. Our algorithm is experimentally evaluated under a real-world user log, and shown to significantly improve recommendation accuracy over the traditional approaches.
A research on adaptive calibration algorithm for multi-geometric projection

To realize the adaptive projection of the projector on a variety of common projection planes and improve the efficiency of geometric correction, a multi-geometric function for adaptive correction algorithm is proposed. It uses the feature points to automatically fit out the curvilinear function. By automatically filtering the function corresponding to the pixel mapping relationship and calculating the projection pixel offset, the projection screen is cut according to the degree of correction, and finally the coordinates of the vertex are corrected by cutting the texture relationship to achieve geometric correction. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve the practical application value of geometric distortion correction, such as cylindrical surface, spherical surface, common surface and projector non — projection, simply and quickly.
Analysis and measurement of antenna passive intermodulation

The passive intermodulation (PIM) interference caused by antenna nonlinearity has a serious impact on the performance of the high power multi-frequency communication system, especially when the antenna is shared by the transmitter and the receiver at the same time. Theoretical analysis on the PIM was first discussed in this paper, and then the designed measurement system was introduced. The testing experiment was carried out on the antennas of a special communication system under various conditions. The main factors causing PIM was discussed through analysis on the acquired data. The result also shows that the PIM measurement system serves as a reliable tool to predict whether an antenna has an accepted PIM level in actual communication system or not.
Effect of tunable structural color caused by colloidal crystal

In this paper, two kinds of colloidal crystals, closely packed colloidal crystal and non-closely packed colloidal crystal, are fabricated. They are used to obtain tunable color by changing lattice distance and by changing refractive index contrast between the particles and the void among the particles. The reflective spectra of the two kinds of colloidal crystals are analyzed by Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It is concluded that the tunable color is mainly determined by the peak position and its intensity of reflective spectra. The shift of peak position is nearly linear to the expanded lattice distance even if the refractive index contrast is different. And the crystal with high refractive index contrast changes the peak position slower and has higher reflective intensity than that with low refractive index contrast. Besides, the optimal lattice distance of colloidal crystal is obtained when the crystal is used to acquire tunable color by changing the lattice distance.
Multiworking Electrode Flexible Fiber-Type Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells

Flexible fiber-type CdS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (CdS FF-QDSSCs), in which all the components are assembled into a flexible plastic capillary tube, are designed and fabricated. In each FF-QDSSC, a Pt wire along the capillary tube axis acts as the counter electrode. A number of surrounding Ti wires coated with CdS-sensitized ZnO nanorods act as the working electrodes. This design provides the cells with good flexibility and all-direction light harvesting capability. The photovoltaic performances of the FF-QDSSCs can be effectively improved by increasing the number of the working electrodes up to six. The conversion efficiency of the cell with six working electrodes (FF-QDSSC-6) is more than five times that of the cell with only one working electrode. Furthermore, for simultaneously illuminating the cell from all the directions perpendicular to the capillary tube, an Al reflector is placed behind the cell. This measure raised the maximum power output of an FF-QDSSC-6 by 55%.
Evaluation of infrared stealth effect based on Vega simulation

Vega software is widely used for infrared simulation. This study proposes a method for evaluating the effect of infrared objective stealth based on Vega software combined with image feature point matching technique. Vega software is used to simulate a group of infrared images before and after target stealth. Afterwards, feature points are acquired from the target images. Hausdorff distance between feature points is then calculated to quantify similarity between target before and after stealth. Experimental data show that a larger Hausdorff distance corresponds with decreased similarity between target before and after stealth, which proves better stealth effect.
An optimization of parameter settings in HANTS for global NDVI time series reconstruction

The applications of Multi-temporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a critical proxy for analysing vegetation dynamics, have been long hindered by prevalent noise. The Harmonic ANalysis of Time Series (HANTS) has been widely applied to reconstruct noise- and cloud-free NDVI time series data set from regional to global scales. The reconstruction performance of HANTS is severely dependent on the inherent parameter settings in HANTS. However, most applications set the parameters of HANTS based on users' experience. This study analysed the sensitivity of the reconstruction performance to several critical parameters and weighting scheme of HANTS. The results document the optimized parameter settings for global NDVI time series reconstruction.
Fluorescence enhancement assisted by the double plasmonic modes of gold nanorods

Metal nanocrystal has attracted extensive interest due to its nanoscale confinement of electromagnetic field near the metal surface far beyond the diffraction limit. Fluorescence enhancement is one of the promising applications based on the interaction between such confined near field and fluorescence molecules. Here we present an interesting method by utilizing double surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes of gold nanorod (GNR) to efficiently enhance the fluorescence. With the transversal and longitudinal mode separately matched with the excitation and emission of the fluorescence, a 4-time fluorescence enhancement factor has been achieved for the GNR-assisted nanosystem compared to the nanosystem based on gold nanosphere (GNS). Since the single SPR mode of GNS supports only excitation enhancement of the fluorescence, such double-mode enhancement scheme creates a flexible way for the fluorescence enhancement, which is superior to the traditional single-mode assisted enhancement method.
Retrieving cross-sectional contours from tunnel point clouds

For the tunnel point clouds acquired by 3-d laser scanner, a method of automatically retrieving cross-sectional contours of tunnels is proposed. By the use of abundant normal vectors embedded in point clouds, this method can accurately identify the tunnel axis, and build a coaxial cylinder to project 3-d points to the cylindrical coordinate system, which takes a 2-d form of coordinates. An improved 2-d Delaunay triangulation algorithm is employed to construct the triangulated mesh by the spatial distribution of these projection points in their 2-d space. Following this mapping correspondence, the 3-d triangulated mesh of tunnel is finally constructed in accordance with the 2-d triangulation result. By intersecting the tunnel mesh with cutting planes always perpendicular to the tunnel axis, a series of contours are generated. In every position to generate contours, a fine tuning operation on the cutting plane is conducted to make its normal direction always keep consistent with the ever-changing direction of curved tunnels. At the last part, this paper demonstrates effectiveness and high efficiency of this method by the use of the point clouds of a real curved tunnel.