nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Part Appearances Symmetry for Human Pose Estimation

Tree models for human pose estimation have been prevailed in the last decade, which are effective in human pose estimation. This paper aims to incorporate the appearance symmetry of human limb parts into tree model and address the problem of the wrong detection of human limbs. For a pair of symmetrical limbs, such as for legs and arms, their appearances are similar that can use a distance to represent. In our approach, within such a pictorial structure framework and human tree model, we decompose a limb estimation problem into a judgment of finding the appearance of symmetrical limb parts. This suggests that we need to find the possible estimation of one pose and then eliminate some wrong estimation poses, which their appearances of parts are not symmetrical. In a series of experiment in different methods, the results demonstrate that our methods improve performance for pose estimation on the Parse dataset, LSP dataset and Sport dataset.
Toward mobility support for information-centric IoV in smart city using fog computing

As a meaningful and typical application scenario of Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has attracted a lot of attentions to solve the increasingly severe problem of traffic congestion and safety issues in smart city. Information-centric networks (ICN) is a main stream of next generation network because of its content based forwarding strategy and in-network caching properties. Many existing works have been done to introduce ICN in IoV because of IP-based network architecture's maladjustment of such extremely mobile and dynamic IoV environment. In contrast, ICN is able to sustain packet delivery in unreliable and extreme environment. However, the frequent mobility of the vehicles will consume ICN's network resources to incessantly update the Forward Information Base (FIB) which will further affect the aggregation processing. For example, geographic location based name schema aggregation will be affected dramatically by mobility problem. On the other hand, fog computing is an edge computing technology usually integrated with IoT by bringing computation and storage capacity near the underlying networks to provide low-latency and time sensitive services. In this paper, we integrate fog computing into information-centric IoV to provide mobility support by allocating different schema taking account of the data characteristic (e.g., user-shareable data, communication data). Moreover, we use the computation, storage and location-aware capabilities of fog to design a mobility support mechanism for data exchange and communication considering the feature of IoV service (e.g., alarm danger in local, updating traffic information, V2V communication etc.). We evaluate related performances of the proposed mechanism in high mobility environment, compared with original information-centric IoV. The result shows the advantages of a fog computing based information-centric IoV.
Conditions for a unique non-negative solution to an underdetermined system

This paper investigates conditions for an underdeter-mined linear system to have a unique nonnegative solution. A necessary condition is derived which requires the measurement matrix to have a row-span intersecting the positive orthant. For systems that satisfy this necessary condition, we provide equivalent characterizations for having a unique nonnegative solution. These conditions generalize existing ones to the cases where the measurement matrix may have different column sums. Focusing on binary measurement matrices especially ones that are adjacency matrices of expander graphs, we obtain an explicit threshold. Any nonnegative solution that is sparser than the threshold is the unique nonnegative solution. Compared with previous ones, this result is not only more general as it does not require constant degree condition, but also stronger as the threshold is larger even for cases with constant degree.
Predicting occupation via human clothing and contexts

Predicting human occupations in photos has great application potentials in intelligent services and systems. However, using traditional classification methods cannot reliably distinguish different occupations due to the complex relations between occupations and the low-level image features. In this paper, we investigate the human occupation prediction problem by modeling the appearances of human clothing as well as surrounding context. The human clothing, regarding its complex details and variant appearances, is described via part-based modeling on the automatically aligned patches of human body parts. The image patches are represented with semantic-level patterns such as clothes and haircut styles using methods based on sparse coding towards informative and noise-tolerant capacities. This description of human clothing is proved to be more effective than traditional methods. Different kinds of surrounding context are also investigated as a complementarity of human clothing features in the cases that the background information is available. Experiments are conducted on a well labeled image database that contains more than 5; 000 images from 20 representative occupation categories. The preliminary study shows the human occupation is reasonably predictable using the proposed clothing features and possible context.
The study on synchronization technology for marine controlled source electromagnetic survey

As a potential strategic resource in the future, natural gas hydrates has been highly appreciated by governments and scientists all over the world. The Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) method has become one of the high techniques to explore this resource in seas. This paper presents the developed equipment for marine CSEM, including the towing controlled source electromagnetic emitter and receiver, as a part of the National 863 Program Marine CSEM survey technology for natural gas hydrates (2006AA09A201). Based on the EM theory, the measured field sources in a large range are correlated at the same time. To measure the regional field source signals accurately, it is required that the working clocks between the emitter and receiver as well as between different receivers must be consistent, so that the subsequent data processing and interpretation will have unified time coordinates. Much different from surveying on land, the instruments on seafloor for marine CSEM survey cannot receive GPS signals from satellites. Thus we need to study the synchronization technology for the instruments on seafloor. It contains two items. One is to perform time lock to the emitter and receiver consistent with the GPS time and put the GPS time into RTC chip before the instrument is put into the sea. The other is to keep the inner clocks of all instruments on seafloor absolutely consistent with errors less than 10-8s/s during the whole survey period (about half a month), so that the emitter sends out controlled source signals and the receiver gets the signal both at planned times accurately. The development and realization of the technology mentioned above ensure the temporal consistency of the marine survey network, providing a unified time base for subsequent data inversion and interpretation.
Mitigating Congestion at Sags with Adaptive Cruise Control Systems

Sags are segments of the road where there is a significant change in gradient from downhill to uphill in a short distance. Empirically, it has been observed that drivers do not compensate adequately for the changing grade resistance force at sags, which limits vehicle acceleration. As a consequence, congestion forms at sags. This paper proposes and compares the implementation of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Traffic State-Adaptive ACC (TSA-ACC), and Cooperative ACC (CACC) at sags. The controllers are implemented in a traffic simulation environment with a single-lane road stretch and a platoon of 200 vehicles of which 10% follow the movements set by the controller and 90% follow the normal driving rules. The simulation results show that all controllers reduce the travel time of the equipped vehicles and have significantly positive effects on the total travel time of the platoon. TSA-ACC produces the most travel time savings. The findings of this paper show that the proposed controllers can be used to improve the performance of traffic flow at sags.
An Efficient NAND Flash Garbage Collection Algorithm Based on Area and Block Operation

Garbage collection as a key technology for solid-state storage (SSD), it's has critical influence for the SSD's performance. This article addressed the low efficiency, high cost problem of the presented Garbage Collection (GC) Algorithm, Proposed a new Efficient NAND Flash GC Algorithm Based on Area and Block (GCbAB) Operation. The algorithm is not only efficient, low cost, but took into account the Wear Leveling, greatly improving the performance of SSD, extending the life of SSD. Through the actual verification, this algorithm is effective, and compared to existing algorithms have a great improved.
Surface charge characteristics on insulators in vacuum under DC voltage

Accumulation of insulator surface charge with DC loaded in vacuum is studied with electrostatic capacitive probe by measuring the surface charge of insulators of various roughnesses at different applied voltages and loading time. The measurement results indicate that the average surface charge density is affected by the structure of electrode and grows with the increment of the magnitude and duration of the applied voltage. It is concluded that the increment of insulator surface roughness would enhance the collection of surface charge, but it may bring the higher energy level trap center to suppress the accumulation of surface charge. The accumulation and decay of surface charge is affected with the pressure and surface charge on insulator is positive with negative DC voltage in vacuum.
Modeless reconstruction of missing synchrophasor measurements

This paper presents a new framework of reconstructing missing synchrophasor measurements (erasures) without the modeling of power system dynamics. Leveraging the approximate low-rank property of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data, we connect the problem of reconstructing PMU data erasures with the recent advance in low-rank matrix completion methods. Erasures can be reconstructed through existing computationally-efficient algorithms such as singular value thresholding (SVT) and information cascading matrix completion (ICMC). Numerical experiments on actual PMU data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Since existing analysis for matrix completion methods assumes an independent-erasure model that does not capture the correlation among PMU data erasures, we propose two models to characterize temporal correlation and channel correlation in PMU data erasures. We provide theoretical guarantees of the ICMC algorithm in reconstructing correlated erasures in both models.
A novel angular log-periodic micro-strip meander-line slow wave structure for low-voltage and wideband traveling wave tube

A novel slow-wave-structure (SWS) named angular log-periodic micro-strip meander-line was proposed in this paper. This kind of slow wave structure is mainly determined by 3 parameters only, and the calculation results show that it has a very weakly dispersion s. That is to say, its operation bandwidth would be very wide. Its another advantage is the low operation voltage. The radial normalized phase velocity by light velocity of wave can be as low as 0.04, while the DC voltage just 400 V, which is much smaller than conventional traveling wave tubes. The dispersion and transmission characteristics of this kind of slow wave structure were obtained.
A Survey on Gaze Estimation

Eye orientation contains abundance of significant information for estimating user's intention and purpose. Large number of research on gaze direction has been given and improved in statistics, biometrics, organizational behavior, etc. Details of gaze methods are essential conditions for human-computer interactive control, human intention prediction, expression analysis, cognitive state analysis, etc. Although active and significant progress in last decades, eye detection still remains challenging to deviation of location, variability in scale, individuality of eyes, complexity of cameral, calibration of person and related instruments, fixation of head pose. In this paper, gaze estimation has been discussed and various models of gaze detection and tracking have been presented, which show current theoretical need to be further modified in order to improve general gaze tracking estimation solutions in computer vision and beyond.
Power-aware real-time task scheduling with feedback control for mobile robots

As most mobile robots are powered by batteries, their energy and operation times are limited. Therefore, how to extend the lifespan of the batteries becomes an important problem. In this paper, by applying PID feedback control based on the power model of batteries of mobile robot systems, we propose a power-aware real-time task scheduling technique with feedback control to optimize the lifespan of batteries. In our technique, based on EDF(Earliest Deadline First) scheduling strategy, we first evaluate the scalability of the schedule in the next sampling period, then calculate the regulation of frequency profile by PID control, and finally regulate the quantity of frequency profile on the schedule. We have implemented our technique and conduct experiments using a set of benchmarks. Compared with the EDF and DVS-EDF algorithm , the experimental results show that our technique can effectively expends the lifespan of the battery without performance penalty.
Spectroscopic Study of Surface Flashover Under Pulsed Voltage in Vacuum

Surface flashover has already become a limiting factor in pulsed power systems, and a thorough understanding of its mechanism is fundamental to improve it. Since optical diagnostic methods can provide more information for understanding the flashover mechanism than electrical ones, in this paper the light emitted during surface flashover along polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) was diagnosed by a spectrograph together with an intensified charge-coupled device, and the spectrum of laser-induced breakdown of PTFE was also recorded as a comparison. The results show that the spectrum of laser-induced breakdown is composed of line spectra emitted by material elements. While many band spectra emerge in the spectrum of surface flashover besides the former line spectra, which implies that the source of flashover plasma includes desorbed surface gases as well as vaporized insulator material. This result also reveals a more detailed picture of the flashover process.
Study of the Symmetrical Microstrip Angular Log-Periodic Meander-Line Traveling-Wave Tube

The symmetrical microstrip angular log-periodic meander-line (ALPML) slow-wave structure (SWS), which is suitable for Ka-band low-voltage traveling-wave tubes, is described in this paper. The dispersion characteristics and coupling impendence of this kind of SWS are achieved by simulation. A radial uniform magnetic field of 0.4 T is developed using radially magnetized permanent magnets to focus the radial sheet electron beam. To exploit the potentialities of the symmetrical ALPML SWS, the beam-wave interaction is carried out with a radial convergent and a divergent sheet electron beam. For the radial divergent electron beam with a voltage of 791 V and a current of 0.3 A, an output power over 60 W with an electron efficiency of 26% at 30 GHz is achieved from particle-in-cell simulation. The effects of misalignments and phase mismatches are carried out at the end.
Hash Function with Variable Output Length

Cryptographic Hash function is perhaps the most versatile cryptographic algorithm, it is widely used in a variety of security applications and network protocols. It has been widely used mainly in the digital signature, authentication and other fields. MD5 algorithm is one of the Hash function algorithm. MD5 algorithm is a typical representative of the MD structure and is a typical representative of the Hash function. In this paper, we propose a secure hashing algorithm which has a variable output length for practical applications. Based on the analysis of MD5, the output length of MD5 algorithm is fixed128 byte that sometimes cannot meet the required safety requirements. The proposed algorithm only changes the length of the output compared with MD5 algorithm, but the process is almost the same with MD5 algorithm. Our proposed algorithm performs better in terms of operating efficiency and security compared with existing hash algorithm.
First-Person Daily Activity Recognition With Manipulated Object Proposals and Non-Linear Feature Fusion

Most previous works on the first-person video recognition focus on measuring the similarity of different actions by using low-level features of objects interacting with humans. However, due to noisy camera motion and frequent changes in viewpoint and scale, they fail to capture and model highly discriminative object features. In this paper, we propose a novel pipeline for the first-person daily activity recognition. Our object feature extraction pipeline is inspired by the recent success of object hypotheses and deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based detection frameworks. Our key contribution is a simple yet effective manipulated object proposal generation scheme. This scheme leverages motion cues, such as motion boundary and motion magnitude (in contrast, camera motion is usually considered as “noise” for most previous methods), to generate a more compact and discriminative set of object proposals, which are more closely related to the objects, which are being manipulated. Then, we learn more discriminative object detectors from these manipulated object proposals based on region-based CNN. Meanwhile, we develop a non-linear feature fusion scheme, which better combines object and motion features. We show in experiments that the proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art recognition performance on a challenging first-person daily activity benchmark.
Study on landslide hazard susceptibility assessment of Chengdu city based on GIS

Landslide is a serious secondary disaster, which has complex geological and geomorphological conditions and numerous event-controlling factors. It has aroused the widespread attention because of its tremendous harm to people's lives and properties. Therefore, to avoid and mitigate such disaster, it is important to establish a kind of reliable and effective method to appraise regional landslide susceptibility. Here, taking Chengdu city as research area, the factors chosen that influence landslide occurrence were: slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, lithology and cutting depth. Landslide hazardous areas were analyzed and mapped employing the contributing weight model based on GIS technology and the hazard area and landslide distribution density in the areas with different hazard levels were obtained. Simultaneously, this study case also proved the contributing weight model to be effective in landslide susceptibility appraisal and its results can provide the research foundation for the risk management and the reference for the regional planning.
Time-frequency diffusion analysis for DOA estimation of tropospheric scatter signal

DOA estimation is a hot topic in tropospheric scatter radar target reconnaissance Over-The-Horizon (OTH). The received signal propagated through troposphere OTH is so weak because of strong loss, the classical MUSIC has been unable to effectively estimate angle. So we adopt Time-Frequency (TF) MUSIC, i.e., replacing the array covariance matrix of the classical MUSIC with Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD) matrix, which is suitable for the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) condition. In order to effectively processing signal, the troposcatter signal characteristics should be modeled and analyzed. Firstly, we analyze troposcatter propagation loss, and further deduce the receiver output SNR to provide support for algorithm design. Secondly, considering that time, frequency diffusion in energy caused by troposcatter multipath fading, we derive time-delay and frequency-shift diffusion functions based on scatter transmission function. To be more specific, the diffusion characteristics are studied on the variations of the beam width, target distances etc.. Then we deduce the joint time-frequency diffusion function and coefficient from the above two diffusions. Affected by the diffusion, the TFD matrix will be distorted to degrade the algorithm accuracy. To utilize the characteristic, we propose a weighted scattering signal TFD matrix, where the weight matrix is derived from the joint diffusion coefficient, to prominent the scattering signal according to the matched filter theory. Then we can estimate exactly angle for the troposcatter signal using the weighted matrix.
A grey decision-making analysis on regional comparative advantages of agricultural produce of China

In the construction of new socialist countryside of China, exploring the way of regional agricultural development, based on the comparative regional advantages of different regions has been the theme of study in the aspect of government's countryside policy. On the basis of regional comparison of the agricultural development of China, , we analyzed the regional comparative advantages of the main agricultural produce in China with the method of the grey decision-making of the multi-objective situation. The results show that there are regionality in the production of agricultural produce and regional differences in farmers' income levels and the trade of agricultural products. With the gray decision-making analysis, we clarified the relative advantages of the region of the 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions). For example, the advantages of Beijing are maize, wheat, fruits, edible oil and legume. The order of 12 kinds of corps compared by province is also determined.
A detection algorithm for the small moving target in infrared image sequences with the dynamic background

An algorithm to detect the small moving target in infrared image sequences with the dynamic background is proposed in this paper. Based on the registration of four continuous frame images, the image sequences are processed by the 1D wavelet transform to separate the target from background. And then the images that contain the moving target information are multiplied by pixel so as to obtain the target enhanced images and extract the moving small target after segmentation. Results of this experiment indicate that the proposed algorithm can detect and locate both slow and fast small moving targets effectively.
Evolution From Cathode-Initiated to Anode-Initiated Flashover in Vacuum

This paper presents experimentally flashover evolution initiated from cathode to anode via an intensified charge-coupled device camera under the condition of adjusting electric field distribution. These results suggest that a flashover process across insulator surface in vacuum is greatly affected by the local electric field at both cathode and anode triple junctions. Flashover can be initiated at either cathode or anode. This paper might be helpful to clarify the dispute about how the flashover is actually initiated.
Initial Performance of the Primary Test Stand

The primary test stand (PTS) is a multiterawatt facility with a current of 8-10 MA and rise time of 90 ns, which is being built for Z-pinch studies at the Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics. The PTS consists of 24 modules that are connected in parallel. Each module is based on the Marx generator and water pulse forming line as well as laser-triggered spark gap switch working at 5-MV level. The nominal total stored energy of the PTS is 7.2 MJ. All the Marx generators and laser-triggered spark gap switches had been tested at full voltage level before the PTS was assembled. The design and installation of the PTS are described. In this paper, the most recent results of the PTS commissioning will be introduced.