nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Current Orthogonality Method to Extract Resistive Leakage Current of MOSA

A new resistive current extraction method based on orthogonality between the capacitive current and the resistive current (COM) is presented. Orthogonality of the resistive and capacitive current of metal-oxide surge arrester (MOSA) in the low current region is proven. The resistive and capacitive current of MOSA can be obtained accurately, regardless of the harmonic voltage. Several algorithms include the point-on-wave method, the capacitive current compensation method, the harmonic analysis method, and the proposed method are used to extract the resistive current based on simulated voltage and leakage current signal, and to study the influence of MOSA model parameters, capacitance, integral harmonics, and noninteger harmonics of voltage signal, the signal frequency deviation, and the offset in sampling time between current and voltage channels on calculation accuracy. The result indicates that the proposed method has no error if the voltage and current are noiseless, but gives rise to a small error even if the signals have noise. The proposed method is more accurate than other methods. The real voltage and leakage current signals of a 10-kV MOSA are acquired by experiment, and the result indicates that the proposed method is effective and the most stable.
Comparative study of SAW temperature sensor based on different piezoelectric materials and crystal cuts for passive wireless measurement

As widely reported substrates for surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensors, YX-cut quartz, YZ-cut LiNbO3 and 128°YX-cut LiNbO3 are selected to fabricate different one-port SAW resonator temperature sensors and comprehensive comparative studies of their performance and specifications are conducted carefully in this paper. Firstly, SAW sensors of each cut with 50 different layouts were designed and fabricated according to the calculated SAW velocity, and a general wireless measurement platform was setup. Secondly, under the same test conditions, Q factor, temperature sensitivity and decaying waves of these sensors were tested, and along with the calculated temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF), these parameters were finally compared respectively. After comparison, the conclusions are as follows: LiNbO3 sensors had higher temperature sensitivity, and showed superiority without the limitation of distance in wireless measurements, while quartz sensors performed well when the distance increased, and this suggests they can be applied to long distance sensing for their high Q factor even the sensitivity is moderate.
An extend RBAC model for privacy protection in HIS

With the continuous development of Healthcare information systems (HIS) , malicious and unauthorized access has increased, privacy disclosure issues gradually serious. In order to protect the privacy of HIS, this paper adds context to privacy information access, proposes a new method to realize context constraints, this method rates the context in which the subject is located, determines whether the access is allowed by judging whether the level satisfies the conditions. By adding context constraints to the access, the risk of privacy disclosure is greatly reduced and privacy protection is realized.
Evaluation of self-assembled monolayer treatment for wire bonding with ENEPIG surface finish

Extended service life plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packaging with Au ball wire bonding and die-side electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) surface finish is in development. Post-microfabrication ENEPIG plating is proposed for the extended service life PBGA application to reduce the risk of brittle failure of wire bonds with Au-Al intermetallics over decades of exposure to thermal extremes in the field. An experimental study was undertaken to measure wire bond strength in PBGA samples with ENEPIG plating and varying die and substrate surface preparation. Liquid-phase immersion surface treatment with alkanethiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was investigated as an alternative to argon plasma cleaning. Wire bond pull and shear force measurements per MIL-STD-883 were performed on four groups of PBGA samples with prescribed combinations of ENEPIG plating, plasma cleaning and SAM surface treatment. Results reveal that average wire bond pull and shear force in ENEPIG-plated samples exceed six grams force in all cases and are consistent with that of non-plated samples for constant bonding parameters. Surface treatment yields a measurable increase in wire bond strength relative to untreated samples, and ENEPIG-plated samples that receive plasma cleaning exhibit 23% greater average wire bond pull force relative to plated samples treated with SAMs. Wire bond strength was lower in samples where greater ENEPIG surface roughness was observed, consistent with data from the literature. The outcome supports the importance of surface cleaning for robust wire bonds, and suggests that in the context of strength, ENEPIG plating is compatible with the legacy Au ball-on-Al pad thermosonic wire bonding process.
On the thermally conductive behaviour of compacted graphite nanosheets

Thermally conductive properties of compacts composed of graphite nanosheets (GNSs) are studied. The GNSs were made by the intercalation and exfoliation of natural graphite (NG) flakes. The GNSs were then compressed to make graphite compacts. Thermal diffusivities along the in-plane and transverse directions are measured using a laser flash method. The anisotropic ratio of the thermal conductivities ranges between 20 and 25. The properties of graphite compacts based on NG flakes are also studied. The results reveal that the GNS-based compact can be consolidated at a lower density, whereas the NG-based counterpart is denser and has a higher thermal conductivity. To protect the graphite compact, a method for coating a copper layer on the graphite compact was developed. The results also indicate the copper coating enhances heat transfer into the graphite compact.
Cascaded image deblurring with combined image prior

In this paper, we propose a cascaded image deblurring scheme that adopts combined image prior followed by multi-scale separable kernel refinement. Specifically, we introduce a combined image prior made up of Aggressive Patch Recurrence (APR) prior and sparsity image prior, where the sparsity prior works as a good compensation for cases where APR prior fails to maintain the self-similarity assumption. We further propose a multi-scale separable kernel refinement method, which can effectively remove noise and ringing artifacts from kernels. Experimental results show that our cascaded deblurring scheme is capable of estimating noise-free blur kernels and achieves visually pleasant resultant images without obvious ringing artifacts when deblurring both synthetic and real-world blurry images.
On the Mean Free Path for Backscattering in $k_{B}T$  Layer of Bulk Nano-MOSFETs

We perform Monte Carlo particle simulations on a silicon conductor for the purposes of reexamining the channel backscattering in bulk nano-MOSFETs. The resulting mean free path lambdao for backscattering in a long and near-equilibrium conductor is constant, regardless of the potential profile. However, the apparent mean free path lambda1 in a local quasi-ballistic kBT layer depends on the curvature of the potential profile. In a linear potential profile, the lambda1 extracted in a wide range of the conductor length (15 to 100 nm) and lattice temperature (150 to 300 K) is found to fall below lambdao. The carrier heating as the origin of reduced mean free path is inferred from the simulated carrier velocity distribution near the injection point. Strikingly, the mean free paths in a parabolic potential profile remain consistent: lambda1 = lambdao. This indicates the absence or weakening of the carrier heating in the layer of interest, valid only for the parabolic potential barrier.
Log-likelihood ratio algorithm for rate compatible modulation

Seamless Rate Adaptation(SRA) based on rate compatible modulation(RCM) is a new receiver rate adaptive method, in which a block of bits are mapped into a series of symbols by a sparse matrix for high order modulation. According to channel state, the receiver select of the proper number of symbols to iterative demodulation by RCM. This system can achieves smooth rate adjustment under highly dynamic channel conditions. However, for fast implementation, the convolution in the horizontal processing and the vertical processing required lots of multipliers in RCM demodulation algorithm using Belief Propagation(BP), which beyond the current hardware. Therefore, it is difficult to make full use of the parallelizable of the BP. After analysised the principle of the RCM, by the proper deformation, we have proposed the LLR-RCM algorithm, in which we used the log likelihood ratio (LLR) to iterative demodulation. So the convolution in the horizontal processing are transformed into additions and a function table, all the multiplications in the vertical processing are converted to additions, what's more, it save the normalization and make the possibility for fast implementation by hardware.
Cross-scale color image restoration under high density Salt-and-Pepper Noise

High-fidelity color image restoration is always of high demanding for high-density noise corrupted images. Such problem becomes more challenging if the degraded image and the expected restored image are of different resolutions, as conventional ‘cascaded: denoising followed by sampling’ and ‘operation on RGB channel independently’ methods induce error amplification and color artifacts. On the contrary, we propose a cross-scale and cross-RGB-channel Salt-and-Pepper Noise (SPN) removal scheme, i.e., the denoising and interpolation are conducted simultaneously within a unified model, which further takes account of RGB cross-channel correlations. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional state-of-the-art methods in terms of both objective PSNR evaluation and subjective image quality, especially for extremely high-density noise corrupted color images.
A 700-MHz 24-b pipelined accumulator in 1.2- mu m CMOS for application as a numerically controlled oscillator

To accomplish timing recovery/synthesis in high-speed communication systems, a 24-b numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) IC using a circuit design technique called true single-phase clock (TSPC) pipelined CMOS has been fabricated in a standard 1.2- mu m CMOS process. The device achieves a maximum tested input clock rate of 700 MHz, which results in an output frequency tuning range from DC up to 350 MHz with a 41.7-Hz tuning resolution and a peak-to-peak phase jitter of 1.4 ns. The 1.7-mm*1.7-mm IC dissipates 850 mW with a single 5-V supply, which is substantially lower than similar ECL and GaAs devices.
Intelligent network system research and construction program

The paper firstly introduces the basic conception of intelligent network and the four-layer network structure of intelligent network, then analyzes the three key technologies in intelligent network with emphases, including control of call management, realization of charge system and security management of intelligent network platform. On the basis of this, a device layout scheme of intelligent network platform is proposed, and a scheme in which intelligent network links network management center, charge center, business hall and third-party database is designed.
Performance Modeling of Integrated Mobile Prepaid Services

Prepaid personal communication service users have outnumbered postpaid users. This paper studies the charging issues of an integrated Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) prepaid service, where a single prepaid account provides a user both voice and data services. The call setup and charging procedures for GSM and GPRS are presented using the Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic network architecture. To reduce the probability of terminating both ongoing voice and data calls, we suggest that no new call be admitted when the user credit is below a threshold. An analytic model has been developed to evaluate the performance of the approach. Computer simulations have also been used to verify the results. The numeric results indicate that the force-termination probability can be significantly reduced by choosing an appropriate threshold of the user credit
Fabrication and characterization of ordered GeSi nanoislands on Si (001) substrates

Ordered GeSi nanoislands were fabricated in combination of self-assembly and nanosphere lithography on Si (001) substrates. Well ordered pits in a hexagonal lattice on Si (001) substrates are readily obtained via nanosphere lithography. The preferential nucleation of GeSi nanoislands in the pits results in laterally ordered nanoislands on such prepatterned Si (001) surface during Ge deposition. Multilayer GeSi nanoislands separated by thin Si spacer layers were also realized. The vertical alignment of nanoislands along the growth direction can give rise to three-dimensionally ordered nanoislands or nanoisland crystal. To explore the optoelectronic properties of ordered nanoislands, A Si p-i-n diode embedded with multilayer ordered GeSi nanoislands were fabricated. Photoluminescence of the samples with multilayer GeSi nanoislands were studied.
Record high mobility (428cm2/V-s) of CVD-grown Ge/strained Ge0.91Sn0.09/Ge quantum well p-MOSFETs

It is the first time that CVD-grown GeSn channels with low thermal budget of 400°C significantly outperforms the Ge channel processed at high thermal budget of 550°C. Low thermal budget is necessary to prevent the Sn loss during the process. Note that only MBE-grown GeSn had large mobility reportedly in the past. Even with high Sn content (9%), the strong photoluminescence is observed from GeSn layers on Ge buffer on 300mm Si (001), indicating the high crystalline quality by CVD epitaxy. Ge cap with significant Δ Ev at Ge/GeSn interface can ensure the gate stack quality, and reduce the scattering of holes in the GeSn quantum wells by oxide/interface charges and surface roughness. However, the mobility is degraded by thick cap due to low hole population in the GeSn wells. The ∼7% mobility enhancement on <110> channel direction is observed using external transverse uniaxial tensile strain of ∼0.11% due to the reduction of effective mass. The mobility of GeSn QW p-MOSFETs increases with decreasing temperature at both high and low inversion carrier density, indicating that the mobility is dominated by phonon scattering. On the contrary, Ge channels are dominated by Coulomb scattering at low inversion carrier density, which has decreasing mobility with decreasing temperature. The normalized noise power density of GeSn p-MOSFETs decreases with increasing Ge cap thickness, reportedly for the first time, indicating that the carrier number fluctuation and correlated mobility fluctuation can be reduced when the carriers are away from interface.
Corona Onset Characteristics of the 750-kV Bundle Conductor in Sand and Dust Weather in High-Altitude Area

In high-altitude areas of Northwest China, sand and dust weather is frequent, which may have an influence on the corona onset characteristics of the bundle conductors of the 750-kV power transmission lines. So the corona resistive currents of the used conductors of the 750-kV power transmission lines were measured based on the movable corona cage in fine and simulated sand and dust weather in Xining City, Northwest China, and the altitude of the test spot is 2200 m. The corona onset electric-field strength was gained according to the IEEE definition. The test result shows that compared with the no sand weather, the corona onset electric-field strength decreases in the sand and dust weather. When the sand concentration and sand particle size increase, the corona onset electric-field strength decreases accordingly. With further analysis, the roughness factor m decreases with the increase of the sand concentration and sand particle size.
Guidance: A visual sensing platform for robotic applications

Visual sensing, such as vision based localization, navigation, tracking, are crucial for intelligent robots, which have shown great advantage in many robotic applications. However, the market is still in lack of a powerful visual sensing platform to deal with most of the visual processing tasks. In this paper we introduce a powerful and efficient platform, Guidance, which is composed of one processor and multiple (up to five) stereo sensing units. Basic visual tasks including visual odometry, obstacle avoidance, depth generation, are given as built-in functions. Additionally, with the aid of a well documented SDK, Guidance is extremely flexible for users to develop other applications, such as autonomous navigation, SLAM, tracking.
Depth Error Induced Virtual View Synthesis Distortion Estimation for 3D Video Coding

We propose an analytical model to estimate the depth-error-induced virtual view synthesis distortion (VVSD) in 3D video, taking into account the configuration of the cameras. Focusing on view synthesis under depth error, we carefully analyze the merging operations under different situations that affect pixel availability: overlapping region, disocclusion and boundary region, disparity error region, and infrequent region. The analysis leads to quadratic/biquadratic models and linear models that explicitly relate the distance between camera positions (reference/virtual view) to Distortion under Different Situations (DDS) and Probability under Different Situations (PDS), respectively. We also show that VVSD is the linear combination of DDS weighted by PDS. Our careful analysis results in state-of-the-art estimation accuracy. Experimental results verify that the proposed model is capable to produce accurate estimates of VVSD based on the distance between reference/virtual views. Therefore, our model can effectively inform camera setup for capturing, in particular, the set-up of the cameras in situation where depth information will be compressed subsequently.
Research on hot-press factors of poplar veneer/disposable plastic film plywood

The main object of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using disposable plastic film as a novel wood adhesive in the plywood production, which is done to eliminate formaldehyde release during plywood production and use. The bonding strength of plastic film was determined by testing the strength of three-layer plywood. The results showed plywood bonded with them all met the Chinese National standard (GB/T 17657-1999) for second grade plywood and the highest tensile shear strength was obtained under the pressing conditions of 0.7 MPa, 160°C and 1min mm-1 with the spread volume of 123.22 g/m2. In addition, pressing temperature has a notable effect on adhesive penetration and bonded joints forming.
Training weighted associative memories by global minimization

A training strategy in a weighted associative memory (WAM) by means of global minimization is presented. The WAM emphasizes the association among patterns by imposing weights on patterns. A cost function that gives a quantitative measure of the goodness of the WAM is derived to convert the problem of finding the weights into a global minimisation, which can be solved by a gradient descent algorithm. The authors investigate the existence of the weights, prove the convergence of the training strategy, and discuss the asymptotic stability of each desired pattern and its domain of attraction. Experimental results are described.<<ETX>>
Image Interpolation Based on Non-local Geometric Similarities and Directional Gradients

Image interpolation offers an efficient way to compose a high-resolution (HR) image from the observed low-resolution (LR) image. Advanced interpolation techniques design the interpolation weighting coefficients by solving a minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) problem in which the local geometric similarity is often considered. However, using local geometric similarities cannot usually make the MMSE-based interpolation as reliable as expected. To solve this problem, we propose a robust interpolation scheme by using the nonlocal geometric similarities to construct the HR image. In our proposed method, the MMSE-based interpolation weighting coefficients are generated by solving a regularized least squares problem that is built upon a number of dual-reference patches drawn from the given LR image and regularized by the directional gradients of these patches. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method offers a remarkable quality improvement as compared to some state-of-the-art methods, both objectively and subjectively.
Dopant Recovery in Epitaxial Ge on SOI by Laser Annealing With Device Applications

Although the melting laser annealing can activate the heavily phosphorus-doped epitaxial Ge on silicon-on-insulator by chemical vapor deposition, the dopant segregation occurs after the rapid thermal process at 550 °C for 3 min even with SiO<sub>2</sub> capping. However, the active dopant concentration can be recovered after the second laser annealing to melt Ge again due to higher P solubility in the liquid Ge than the solid Ge. The temperature distribution and the melt depth of epi-Ge is mainly determined by the laser fluence. Selective laser annealing is used to simultaneously reach low dopant concentration in the channel regions for good gate controllability, and high concentration in the source and drain regions with low parasitic resistance for the transistors. As a result, the low specific contact resistivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2\ \times \,\,10^{-8}\,\,\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>2</sup> using the Ni–Ge/n<sup>+</sup>Ge, the 21% current enhancement of the Ge + Si nFET as compared to the device without the selectively second laser annealing and the Ni–Ge contact, and the similar subthreshold slope after the selectively second laser annealing are achieved. The Si channel underneath the Ge channel also contributes about 38% of the total current.
Collaborative Ordering of Enterprises with Differentiated Products under the Protection of Sensitive Information

Sensitive information has become a bottleneck of enterprises' collaboration, especially to competitive enterprises' collaboration. How to make collaborative decision under the protection of sensitive information is an important problem to advance enterprises' collaboration. To investigate the problem, a collaborative ordering of enterprises with differentiated products is modeled to get the optimal ordering. The model's computation needs the information of cost and demand which other enterprises are unwilling to provide. So a secure computation protocol under the protection of cost and demand information is designed to compute the optimal ordering of collaborative enterprises. The result shows the decision of complete information sharing can be achieved even without leaking the sensitive information through using the secure computation protocol.
CHT cloud orchestration: An integrated cloud system of virtualization platform

Cloud computing changes the conventional way of virtualization resource allocation, and gives users high flexibility and convenience. However, when the cloud service providers offer Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), there are many practical problems to be resolved. We propose a cloud system's prototype, through a composition of cloud services to automate workflow and exchange data between services based on Message-Oriented Middleware, and then achieve the goal of virtualization platform integration. We develop efficient schemes for users to use functions, which include a single web portal, virtual machine templates and message translation, to quickly deploy virtual machines in a large-scale.