nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Effects on Residents' Demand for Urban Public Eco-System Services Based on a Case Study

It is always difficult to acquire the demand information of urban eco-system services due to its public goods characteristics. As an approximate measure of individual demand, contingent valuation method (CVM) employs a hypothetical market to extract the willingness to pay (WTP). In the present paper, CVM is applied to get residents' WTP for ecosystem restoration of a landscape river in Shanghai. Results from 496 in-person interviews show that the average WTP is RMB 160.2 Yuan per household per year. Then, main factors influencing the demand and their marginal effects on the WTP are investigated by regression of Log-linear parameter model. The result indicates that income gap, Huji factor and living duration along the river have negative correlation; while income level, education level and level of confidence on the government have positive correlation. The results are accordant with the general theoretical anticipation and specificity in the special stage of economic transformation in China.
Azimuth Motion Compensation With Improved Subaperture Algorithm for Airborne SAR Imaging

Conventional motion compensation (MOCO) under beam-center approximation is usually insufficient to correct severe track deviations for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar imaging. In this paper, a novel MOCO approach is developed for correction of the azimuth-variant motion errors by exploiting a precise angle-to-Doppler relationship within subapertures. The corruption from the residual motion errors to the angle-to-Doppler mapping is investigated and overcome by a compensation scheme of the scaled Fourier transform. Inheriting the high efficiency, the proposed azimuth MOCO approach has dramatically improved precision over the conventional subaperture MOCO method by reducing high side-lobe peaks of the point spread function. Extensive comparisons with other MOCO algorithms are given to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, real-data experiments are provided for a clear demonstration of our proposed approach.
Characterization of the interfacial normal stress between current collector and gas diffusion layer in epoxy packaging micro fuel cells using FEM analysis

In order to improve the performance of an epoxy packaged micro fuel cell, the effects of different endplate design on the interfacial normal stress between current collector (CC) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the fuel cell are investigated in this paper. Firstly, endplates with different numbers of embossments are constructed, then a three-dimensional finite element model of the fuel cell package is set up to characterize the changing history of the interfacial normal stress between CC and GDL during the packaging processes. A multi-linear elastic model is used to describe the stress-strain relationship of the cured epoxy and GDL in this study. The initial clamping pressure of 1Mpa, 1.5Mpa and 2Mpa are applied to the endplates in turn. During the curing process, the epoxy resin is firstly heated at 80°C for 3.5 hours, then the temperature is decreased to 20°C before the fuel cell is demoulded. The technique of “birth and death of element” is implemented to simulate the stress history in epoxy package before and after the fuel cell is demoulded. From the simulation results, the normal stress of every contact point between CC and GDL is extracted to obtain the pressure distribution in different design of the package. Results show that the interfacial normal stress between CC and GDL increases with the increase of initial clamping pressure, and decreases by stages during the packaging process. The distribution form of the stress is also established from the results. Effects of endplates structure and initial clamping pressure on the interfacial normal stress then can be acquired. In summary, the proposed methods we used in this study can be helpful in design and optimization of the micro fuel cell packaging.
A Unified Relevance Feedback Framework for Web Image Retrieval

Although relevance feedback (RF) has been extensively studied in the content-based image retrieval community, no commercial Web image search engines support RF because of scalability, efficiency, and effectiveness issues. In this paper, we propose a unified relevance feedback framework for Web image retrieval. Our framework shows advantage over traditional RF mechanisms in the following three aspects. First, during the RF process, both textual feature and visual feature are used in a sequential way. To seamlessly combine textual feature-based RF and visual feature-based RF, a query concept-dependent fusion strategy is automatically learned. Second, the textual feature-based RF mechanism employs an effective search result clustering (SRC) algorithm to obtain salient phrases, based on which we could construct an accurate and low-dimensional textual space for the resulting Web images. Thus, we could integrate RF into Web image retrieval in a practical way. Last, a new user interface (UI) is proposed to support implicit RF. On the one hand, unlike traditional RF UI which enforces users to make explicit judgment on the results, the new UI regards the users' click-through data as implicit relevance feedback in order to release burden from the users. On the other hand, unlike traditional RF UI which hardily substitutes subsequent results for previous ones, a recommendation scheme is used to help the users better understand the feedback process and to mitigate the possible waiting caused by RF. Experimental results on a database consisting of nearly three million Web images show that the proposed framework is wieldy, scalable, and effective.
Design of a High Security GSM/UMTS Inter-System

GSM and UMTS mobile radio network will coexist for a few years. Security of interoperation between GSM and UMTS becomes more important. This paper proposes a high security GSM/UMTS inter-system which supports all possible network roaming and provides high security service for both GSM and UMTS subscriber. The paper discusses the architecture of proposed system and authentication procedure in different network environment. The high security GSM/UMTS is efficient in GSM and UMTS coexistence environment in future through a comparison with previous GSM/UMTS inter-system.
Analysis of the upper cross beam of a forging hydraulic press

According to the structural characteristics of the upper cross beam on a particular 20MN forging hydraulic press, the beam's strength is checked by the method of materials mechanics. Then the solid modeling is created by the PROE, and analysis is carried out by use of ANSYS software to study the stress and displacement under the nominal pressure. The results show that the finite element method is reliable and a reasonable structure design of the beam is gotten. At the same time, further optimization is suggested.
Curing Time Effect on the Mechanical Behavior of Cement Solidified Dredged Sediment

The work deals with the curing time effect on the mechanical behaviors of cement solidified dredged sediment (DS). For three DSs solidified by 100 kg cement per m3 sediment, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were carried out. Test results show water content and failure strain decrease with the increasing of curing time, while UCS and deformation coefficient increase with curing time. For different confining pressures, the effective cohesions increase with curing time, and the effective friction angles decrease with curing time. The reason for the mechanical behaviors of cement solidified DMs can be attributed to the cement hydration reactions with time, which forms more hydrates. The cement hydrates can fill the voids and form stiff skeletons to brace the soil particle. So with the extend of curing time, the strength increase and deformation decrease.
A Novel Strategy of Nonnegative-Matrix-Factorization-Based Polarimetric Ship Detection

In this letter, a new strategy based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is proposed for polarimetric ship detection. This method utilizes the sparse feature of nonnegative eigenvalues, and the sparse degree is proposed to be estimated from the histogram which can reveal the sparse distribution of eigenvalues. Combining the nonnegative and sparse features, the NMF-based ship detection method can be implemented flexibly and efficiently. It has been carried out on the C-band quad polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) and dual PolSAR ocean data sets to validate its effectiveness. Unlike a constant-false-alarm-rate detector, the NMF method does not depend on target size and therefore offers improved detection performance under low-signal-to-clutter-ratio conditions.
A quantification method of driver characteristics based on Driver Behavior Questionnaire

The aim of this study is to investigate the human driver behavior and explore a method to analyze the driver characteristics quantitatively. A self-reported survey of Chinese drivers based on Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) is carried out and the reliability of this questionnaire is validated. Based on Factor analysis theory, a two-dimension factor structure is established to describe the driver's conscious and unconscious behaviors. The quantified factors could represent the characteristics of driving skill and driving style respectively and the difference comparisons between driver groups divided by gender, age and driving experience are discussed.
Detail-Preserving and Content-Aware Variational Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction

Accurate recovery of 3D geometrical surfaces from calibrated 2D multi-view images is a fundamental yet active research area in computer vision. Despite the steady progress in multi-view stereo (MVS) reconstruction, many existing methods are still limited in recovering fine-scale details and sharp features while suppressing noises, and may fail in reconstructing regions with less textures. To address these limitations, this paper presents a detail-preserving and content-aware variational (DCV) MVS method, which reconstructs the 3D surface by alternating between reprojection error minimization and mesh denoising. In reprojection error minimization, we propose a novel inter-image similarity measure, which is effective to preserve fine-scale details of the reconstructed surface and builds a connection between guided image filtering and image registration. In mesh denoising, we propose a content-aware ℓp-minimization algorithm by adaptively estimating the p value and regularization parameters. Compared with conventional isotropic mesh smoothing approaches, the proposed method is much more promising in suppressing noise while preserving sharp features. Experimental results on benchmark data sets demonstrate that our DCV method is capable of recovering more surface details, and obtains cleaner and more accurate reconstructions than the state-of-the-art methods. In particular, our method achieves the best results among all published methods on the Middlebury dino ring and dino sparse data sets in terms of both completeness and accuracy.
A methodology to estimate power consumption of numerical control machining

Since the energy conservation is a research focus and numerical control machining is prevalent, this study proposed a methodology to predict the energy consumption of a NC machining process based on NC code analyzing and virtual cutting simulation. The energy characterization model was testified for estimating power consumed by a NC machining on a milling center and the max error is 11.3%, which proves this method is promising to estimate energy consumption of a NC program.
Detection of DS &FH hybrid Spread Spectrum Signal in TT & C communication

The signal noise ratio of direct sequence and frequency hopping hybrid Spread Spectrum Signal is very low, especially in the field of Tracking Telemetry and command. In order to detect them, a hybrid detection algorithm is given, in this algorithm, an adaptive filter is applied to improve the SNR at first, then the signal filtered is sent to delay multiplied unit, at last, this unit's output signal is divided into several segments and self-correlation. The hybrid spread spectrum signal rate can be gained by analyzing the spectrum of segmented self-correlation signal. This hybrid algorithm has been successfully used to detect direct sequence and frequency hopping hybrid spread spectrum signal, the results show that the hybrid detection algorithm can not only detect direct sequence and frequency hopping hybrid spread spectrum signal with lower signal noise ratio, but at the same time achieve the code rate.
A novel sensorless for switched reluctance motor based on sliding mode observer

For the nonlinearity of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) and robustness of sliding mode observer, a novel sensorless control system of SRM is presented based on the sliding mode observer (SMO) in the paper. Combine with the simplified flux linkage model, and optimize sensorless control system. At last, the sensorless simulation model of SRM(1.5kw, 12/8 three-phase) was built using MATLAB/SIMULINK, the simulation results show that the method is verified its validity and feasibility, and the robustness and precision of SRM were improved in sensorless control system.
Bi-criteria joint torque minimization of redundant robot arms using LVI-based primal-dual neural network

To diminish the discontinuity and divergence of infinity norm torque minimization scheme, a bi-criteria weighting scheme is proposed for online redundancy resolution of redundant robot arms. Such a scheme can easily be reformulated into a quadratic program (QP) subject to equality, inequality and bound constraints. To solve this QP problem online, a primal-dual dynamical-system solver is further presented based on linear variational inequalities (LVI). Compared to previous research work, the adopted QP-solver has simple piecewise-linear dynamics, and does not entail real-time matrix inversion. Computer simulations are performed based on a PUMA560 manipulator to verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed torque-optimization method.
Calibration strategy based on reference sensor for GMR biosensing and biodetection system

In this paper, we proposed a calibration strategy utilizing reference sensor for bio-detection based on GMR sensor. With this calibration strategy, temperature drift effect can be cancelled by about 85%, and the carrier signal can be reduced by 26dB enabling a dynamic range adjustment for quantization. A 90% reduction of front-end common mode noise and error, and a sensitivity of 50ppm or 600 200nm-diameter MNPs have been proved by measurements.
Band-Subset-Based Clustering and Fusion for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification

This paper proposes a band-subset-based clustering and fusion technique to improve the classification performance in hyperspectral imagery. The proposed method can account for the varying data qualities and discrimination capabilities across spectral bands, and utilize the spectral and spatial information simultaneously. First, the hyperspectral data cube is partitioned into several nearly uncorrelated subsets, and an eigenvalue-based approach is proposed to evaluate the confidence of each subset. Then, a nonparametric technique is used to extract the arbitrarily-shaped clusters in spatial-spectral domain. Each cluster offers a reference spectral, based on which a pseudosupervised hyperspectral classification scheme is developed by using evidence theory to fuse the information provided by each subset. The experimental results on real Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE) demonstrate that the proposed pseudosupervised classification scheme can achieve higher accuracy than the spatially constrained fuzzy c-means clustering method. It can achieve nearly the same accuracy as the supervised K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier but is more robust to noise.
An Active Voltage Quality Regulator with variable dc-bus voltage topology

The active voltage quality regulator (AVQR) is an equipment designed to mitigate the long-term voltage disturbance, such as undervoltage, overvoltage and voltage harmonics etc. For the existing AVQR topology, the dc-bus voltage is either uncontrolled or controlled to a constant value, and it can not vary with the missing voltage variation. When the missing voltage is small, the corresponding and required dc-bus voltage should be small as well. But in the existing topology, the dc-bus voltage usually keep very high. Therefore, the duty ratio of the inverter is very small and then the efficiency is very low. In order to overcome its drawbacks, a new AVQR topology is proposed in which the diode-rectifier is replaced by the thyristor-rectifier in this paper. Then for the sake of show the advantage of the proposed topology, the dc-bus voltage in the both topologies (uncontrolled or controlled) are compared by simulations. Through comparative analysis, the proposed topology is proven to be better than the existing topology, especially on a large missing voltage variation. At last, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed topology and control strategy are also verified by the laboratory experimental results. In a case, under the same supply voltage and load conditions, the efficiency increases from 89.1% of uncontrolled dc-bus voltage to 96.1% of controlled dc-bus voltage on a 2 kVA prototype, so the efficiency is increased significantly.
Complexity-optimized concatenated LDGM-staircase codes

A concatenated soft-decision channel coding scheme consisting of an inner LDGM code and an outer staircase code is proposed. The soft-decision LDGM code is used for error reduction while the majority of bit errors are corrected by the low complexity hard-decision staircase code. Decoding complexity of the concatenated code is quantified by a score based on the number of edges in the LDGM code Tanner graph, the number of decoding iterations, and the number of staircase code decoding operations. The inner LDGM ensemble is designed by solving an optimization problem, which minimizes the product of the average node degree and an estimate of the required number of decoding iterations. A search procedure is used to find the inner and outer code pair with lowest complexity. The design procedure results in a Pareto-frontier characterization of the trade-off between net coding-gain and complexity for the concatenated code. Simulations of code designs at rate 5/6 show that the proposed scheme achieves net coding-gains equivalent to existing soft-decision codes, with up to 57% reduction in complexity.
An efficient strategy to eliminate malleability of bitcoin transaction

Bitcoin is decentralized cryptocurrency which has recently become increasingly popular all over the world. Blockchain works as a public ledger to record all transactions in Bitcoin system. A transaction to transfer bitcoins includes a set of inputs and outputs, with its unique hash value. However, the owners of transferred bitcoins can only sign on the transaction to provide integrity for its content without guarantee for its output script. This is considered as transaction malleability in Bitcoin system, which allows an attacker to intercept, modify, and rebroadcast a transaction into the Bitcoin network. This attack deceives the transaction issuer into believing that the original transaction failed to be recorded in blockchain. The vulnerability has been utilized by attackers leading a bankruptcy of the largest Bitcoin exchange at that time. To avoid this situation happens again, we present an efficient strategy to secure user wallet in this paper. Our scheme confirms success of a transaction not only relying on its unique hash value, but also relying on the address balance it spends. This strategy doesn't add too much complexity and is easy to implement in existing wallets. It is resistant to transaction malleability and helps Bitcoin users to protect their property from malicious entities.
Development of laser stripe sensor for automatic seam tracking in robotic tailored blank welding

This paper describes the development of laser stripe sensor for automatic seam tracking system in robotic tailored blank welding. Laser stripe sensor which is used to obtain profile of weld seam plays an important part in seam tracking system. The sensor consists of a CMOS camera based on FPGA (field programmable gate arrays) and a stripe-type laser diode due to high speed requirement of tailored blank welding. Its measuring error and performance make a direct effect on the measuring accuracy and reliability of the seam tracking system. A mathematic model is established in order to analyse the influence on sensor error from the geometric parameters. And then the reasonable geometric parameters are yielded according to the simulation results. Additionally, careful considerations about laser diode have been under taken in this paper in order to obtain high quality raw images of laser stripe and the feature points for seam tracking of robot manipulation are calculated by feature extracting algorithm. Finally, some experiments are carried out for proving the efficiency of the laser stripe sensor.
An Integrated Simulation Platform for Railway Synthetic Monitor and Control System in Multiple Layer Transportation Hinge

In a multi-storey transport hub under ground, different platforms belong to different traffic line. To monitor and control the equipments situation, especially for the alarm equipments, information in multi-storey must be shared and linkage. This kind of information configuration comes down to the integrated management system in the whole city. In this paper, an information transferring model is presented, which share the information in different platform in the whole city traffic system. An integrated simulation platform is build which can be achieved in the present alarm by the multiple layer traffic hinge system.
Classification of Innovative Companies in Chinese Sporting Goods Manufacturing Industry - Analysis Based on Patent Application

This study attempts to analyze the types of Innovative Companies in Chinese sporting goods manufacturing industry through quantitative research methods. After analyzing the number and structure of patent applications of Chinese sporting goods manufacturing enterprises since 1980s, the study make classification of Chinese sporting goods manufacturing companies through Centroid clustering method. The results show that Chinese sporting goods manufacturing companies can be divided into design-oriented and utility model-oriented innovative company, and comparing with foreign counterpart companies' patent applications in China, without enough technology accumulation, Chinese sporting goods manufacturing companies are still in the stage of imitating and improving advanced technology.
An numerical investigation of the narrow band interference spectral estimation in multi-system navigation receiver

Due to the various navigation signals and wide processing bandwidth, high resolution is required for the narrow band interference estimation in multi-system navigation receiver. The parametric spectral estimator especially the autoregressive (AR) model estimator is used to make high resolution compared to the conventional non-parametric spectral estimator. The properties of both methods are discussed. Based on them, comparison of numerical simulation is done and the asymptotic performance is well addressed. It is shown that the AR spectral estimator is more powerful in estimating narrow band interference for the application of multi-system navigation receiver.