nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Simulation of the Suspension Lift-Tab on a Ramp During the Unloading Process of a Hard Disk Drive

A dynamic model was developed to simulate the interaction between the suspension lift-tab and the ramp of a one-inch load/unload drive by considering the contact and separation states. The indentation depth, bouncing distance, contact force and fractional contact time, which are closely related to the wear and material transfer at the interface, were studied with consideration of the ramp angle, the lateral velocity, and the elastic properties of the ramp.
A Generalized Griffith Importance Measure for Components With Multiple State Transitions

The performance of the system is often influenced by the performance of a particular component. Hence, it is important to identify the state changing of which component dominates the system performance changing in a maintenance process. Motivated by the Griffith importance measure (GIM) model, this paper proposed the generalized GIM, which extends the application of GIM to complex multi-state components, to evaluate the accurate contribution of the components in the changing of the system performance by considering the transition probabilities of the states of each component. Furthermore, the generalized GIM method is successfully applied in the continuous-state systems by extending the system structure function in GIM model. As a result, the expression of the performance of continuous system and the generalized GIM of the continuous-state components are proposed. A numerical example and an application to an oil transportation system are presented to illustrate how the proposed method works.
A zero voltage switching asymmetrical half-bridge DC/DC converter with unbalanced secondary windings for improved bandwidth

This paper presents a modified PWM half-bridge DC/DC converter that can achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) and can operate under current or voltage mode control. The proposed topology operates with complementary-control (asymmetrical duty cycle) and utilizes unbalanced transformer secondary windings and a low output inductance value to achieve an improved bandwidth and load transient response compared to the active clamp forward converter. Self-driven synchronous rectifiers are used to increase efficiency. The operation of the converter is discussed, along with a comparison to the balanced secondary topology and the active clamp forward converter. A method is presented to eliminate synchronous rectifier gate drive voltage stress caused by asymmetrically unbalanced gate drive waveforms. In addition, an averaged switch large signal model is presented for the converter. Simulation results are presented for a converter operating at 400 kHz, with a 48 VDC nominal input and a 5 VDC/5 A output.
Applied Research of Real Option on the Project Valuation

Project evaluation in the process of investment decision-making is of great significance. This paper makes use of Ibbotson extension method to calculate the risk discount rate, and then evaluates NPV of the project. It puts forward an improved method aiming at the lack of real options and resorts to Monte Carlo for the volatility simulation of option, and finally realizes the sensitivity analysis of option value under the factors' disturbance. By comparative study, the reliability and rationality of the real options for project valuation is further proved, which provides a reliable basis for investment decisions.
Discovering important nodes through comprehensive assessment theory on enron email database

One major problems in the field of social network analysis is how to discover the important and influential nodes based on the network structure. To address this challenge, we propose and use some measures to measure node importance, such as degree measure, improved cluster coefficient measure and a new ranking method based on reputation. Thinking of the unilateral influence of the single measure, we exploit a comprehensive assessment model to synthesize the three measures and discover the interesting and important nodes in the email communication network graph. The experimental results on Enron email dataset show our method is effective and performs better on the problem of important nodes discovery than other measures.
Composing Adaptive Web Services on COTS Middleware

Composing adaptive and self-managing Web services needs plug-and-play architecture so that the deployment of control components does not require changes made to the Web services and the host middleware platforms. This is especially challenging for Web services running on COTS middleware platforms, such as Microsoft. In this paper, we propose an architectural solution that introduces a management proxy between adaptive control components and Web services. The management proxy can be customized and seamlessly integrated with a COTS middleware platform by leveraging the existing middleware mechanisms. This solution enables dynamically composing adaptive Web services on COTS middleware without stopping its services. We demonstrate this architecture by a realistic Web service application built on .Net Windows Communication Foundation (WCF). The performance overhead incurred by this architecture is measured, and the results validate that our solution is efficient in terms of performance and flexibility.
Design of substrate integrated dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave applications

A novel substrate integrated dielectric resonator antenna (SIDRA) is designed and implemented using two-layer printed circuit board (PCB) process for millimeter-wave applications. The design and simulation of the SIDRA is carried out with the help of Ansoft HFSS. A prototype antenna is fabricated and measured. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain are presented, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed. The proposed SIDRA offers a bandwidth of about 12% around 35 GHz for -10 dB impedance matching bandwidth definition and stable broadside radiation patterns with an average gain of 5 dBi over the band.
Analysis of the Voltage–Time Dilemma of Metal Oxide-Based RRAM and Solution Exploration of High Speed and Low Voltage AC Switching

In this paper, the ac electrical characteristics of metal oxide-based resistive random access memory are investigated based on a developed compact model and the experiment. The voltage-time dilemma phenomenon and the impacts of critical factors on resistive switching speed are addressed. Based on predictions of the model, the small parasitic capacitance, low target high resistance, and large thermal resistance are beneficial to accelerate the resistive switching speed both in SET and RESET processes. The high SET speed and low SET voltage can be achieved by tuning the activation energy of oxygen vacancies. While for the RESET process, the barriers of the release of oxygen ions from electrode and the hopping in resistive switching layer should be turned down simultaneously for high switching speed and low operation voltage.
Adaptive Fuzzy Control via Observer Design for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics

In this paper, the problems of stability and tracking control for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics are addressed by designing the decentralized adaptive fuzzy output feedback approach. Because the dynamic surface control technique is introduced, the designed controllers can avoid the issue of “explosion of complexity,” which comes from the traditional backstepping design procedure that deals with large-scale nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics. In addition, a reduced-order observer is designed to estimate those immeasurable states. Based on the Lyapunov stability method, it is proven that all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded, and the system outputs track the reference signals to a small neighborhood of the origin by choosing the design parameters appropriately. The simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
A charge-based ultra-low power continuous-time ADC for data driven neural spike processing

The paper presents a novel topology of a continuous-time analogue-to-digital converter (CT-ADC) featuring ultra-low static power consumption, activity-dependent dynamic consumption, and a compact footprint. This is achieved by utilising a novel charge-packet based threshold generation method, that alleviates the requirement for a conventional feedback DAC. The circuit has a static power consumption of 3.75 μW, with dynamic energy of 1.39pJ/conversion level. This type of converter is thus particularly well-suited for biosignals that are generally sparse in nature. The circuit has been optimised for neural spike recording by capturing a 3 kHz bandwidth with 8-bit resolution. For a typical extracellular neural recording the average power consumption is in the order of ∼4 μW. The circuit has been implemented in a commercially available 0.35 μm CMOS technology with core occupying a footprint of 0.12 mm2.
A novel method to achieve zero-voltage regulation in buck converter

The function control law for a buck converter is derived to achieve zero voltage regulation of the output voltage. A new method to retrieve the low frequency component of the inductor voltage is proposed and analyzed. The stability of the closed loop system using a proportional and differential controller is analyzed. The effect of the supply voltage and load current disturbance is also studied. The analysis, computer simulation by PSPICE and experimental results illustrate that excellent performance can be achieved by the function control law.
A Low-Cost Disposable Chemical Sensing Platform Based on Discrete Components

A method of fabricating low-cost chemical sensing platforms is presented. The device utilizes a discrete metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor to detect ionic concentrations in electrolytes, with particular emphasis to pH. Measured results indicate a chemical sensitivity of 36.5 mV/pH, while the device exhibits low-leakage currents (in picoamperes) and a drift of 9 mV/h. The proposed technique has a great potential for disposable implementations, while the sensing selectivity of the device can be easily altered, resulting into a versatile platform.
A New Non-Isolated Full Bridge Topology for Low Voltage High Current VRM Applications

In this paper a new non-isolated full bridge topology is introduced. The primary side of this topology is a full bridge; however, the input voltage ground of the conventional full bridge is connected directly to the positive point of the output and not connected to the input ground. In this arrangement, the input current flows directly to the load without going through the transformer. The secondary side rectifier stage is a current doubler. The primary side can operate in either phase shift soft switching mode or hard switching mode. The advantages of this topology, include soft switching and reduced conduction loss. A 1.41 by 1.41 inch power module has been built and tested to verify the analysis
A semantic no-reference image sharpness metric based on top-down and bottom-up saliency map modeling

This work presents a semantic level no-reference image sharpness/blurriness metric under the guidance of top-down & bottom-up saliency map, which is learned based on eye-tracking data by SVM. Unlike existing metrics focused on measuring the blurriness in vision level, our metric more concerns about the image content and human's intention. We integrate visual features, center priority, and semantic meaning from tag information to learn a top-down & bottom-up saliency model based on the eye-tracking data. Empirical validations on standard dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and metric.
A harvesting-rate oriented self-adaptive algorithm in Energy-Harvesting Wireless Body Area Networks

In Energy-Harvesting Wireless Body Area Networks (EH-WBANs), how to realize a power management strategy to enable lifetime operation is one of the most concern problems. To solve this problem, a feasible solution should be used to manage the harvested energy in sensor nodes in an EH-WBAN. So far, there are extensive studies about this issue for EH-WBANs. Unfortunately, the significant character of energy harvesting rates is ignored in existing solutions, which has immediate impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of energy harvesting in EH-WBANs. To handle this critical challenge, this paper propose a harvesting-rate oriented self-adaptive algorithm for enabling lifetime operation in EH-WBANs, in which a duty cycle can be dynamically adjusted to maintain the harvested energy amount always greater than the power consumption. In this study, the widely cited TDMA-based frame structure is chosen as the EH-WBAN architecture as well. To exploit the full potentials of the TDMA-based frame structure for energy harvesting, a self-adaptive mechanism is devised to adjust the on-to-off ratio within a duty cycle automatically in the proposal, in which the information of energy harvesting rates can be taken into account, regardless of the rates how varying in a nondeterministic manner and among various sensor nodes in EH-WBANs. To evaluate this algorithm, a demo is configured, which test results demonstrate the proposal is a promising candidate for realizing the lifetime operation in EH-WBANs.
Bidding-Evaluation of Construction Projects Based on VIKOR Method

Multiple criteria decision modeling is proposed for determining the most preferred bidding markup in a competitive bidding situation. This paper presents a new evaluation approach - VIKOR method - to solve the MCDM (multiple criteria decision making) problems with conflicting criteria or criteria of different units. Since this method provides a maximum "group utility" of the "majority" and a minimum of the individual regret of the "opponent", the obtained compromise solution could be readily accepted by the decision makers. The weights' value is determined by analytic hierarchy process based on experts' knowledge to capture qualitative as well as quantitative information in the proposed model. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the methodological issues in construction project bidding-evaluation. The numerical results show that the proposed approach is right and effective. This method can precisely demonstrate the bidding units' technological and economical characteristic.
Broadband Single-Polarization Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber Coupler

In this letter, a novel design for a photonic crystal fiber coupler with single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) functionality is proposed and investigated using a vector plane-wave expansion method and a vector finite-element method. We study the changes in the coupling lengths between the two orthogonal polarizations and the width of the SPSM coupling region with respect to the air-hole parameters. We demonstrate that the SPSM coupling range can be more than 200 nm wide for a variety of air-hole parameters and show that the position and width of the SPSM coupling region can be tailored via the diameters of the large inner air holes and the small cladding air holes
Design of the AXIe Relay Module

AXIe is the latest auto-test system architecture. Based on the in-depth analysis of AXIe specification, this paper has implemented an AXIe relay module by taking FPGA as the core controller and building Qsys system on chip. It serves as an instrument module in the system and the relays on board can be controlled correctly by the host through AXIe interface. The module has been proved to operate normally in the AXIe chassis.
A large signal dynamic model for single-phase AC-to-DC converters with power factor correction

This paper presents a model for average current control that can be applied to DC-to-DC converters and AC-to- DC power factor correction (PFC) circuits. The proposed DC-to-DC model consists of two parts: 1) an averaged DC-to-DC converter topology with all the switching elements replaced by dependent sources 2) an average current control scheme with a pulse width modulation (PWM) model, which determines the duty cycles. Similarly, the AC-to-DC PFC model is obtained by combining an averaged boost converter model with the PFC control scheme using average current control. To verify the proposed model, simulated results were compared to experimental waveforms. The experimental results demonstrate that the model can correctly predict the steady-state and large signal dynamic behavior for average current controlled DC-to-DC and AC-to-DC PFC converters.
Adaptive Linearization for Power Amplifier in OFDM Systems

An adaptive predistortion linearization is proposed to compensate for the nonlinearity and memory effects of power amplifiers (PAs) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. By using a simplified Volterra series model (VSM) to express the uncertain nonlinear input-output dynamics of PA with a Wiener-Hammerstein structure, an adaptive predistorter is generated directly without identification of inverse model of the PA. When OFDM signals pass through the cascade system of the predistorter and the PA, overall linearization from predistorter input to PA output can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed predistortion method is validated by numerical simulation for 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation OFDM (64QAM-OFDM) transmission systems
Displacement back analysis on supporting structure of deep foundation pit based on evolutionary neural nrtwork

An evolutionary neural network method of displacement back analysis on supporting structure of deep foundation pit is proposed to search the optimal mechanical parameters. First, the BP network replaces the time-consuming finite element method to establish the non-linear relationship between the values of deep foundation pit mechanical parameters and displacement of its supporting structure, then genetic algorithm is used as an optimization method to search the optimal mechanical parameters in their global ranges. Application of this methodology is illustrated with a numerical example and reasonable results are yielded.
A new framework for IPv6 crossing GPRS network

In order to realize that IPv6 ( clients are able to visit remote IPv6 servers through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), we proposed a new and feasible framework. After discussing the limitations of those existing methods which aren't suitable for GPRS network, we then detailedly demonstrated the proposed framework, and also gave the implementations based on NetFilter framework, Libnet as well as Libipq. Simulation results show that the isolated IPv6 areas can be efficiently connected by GPRS network through the presented framework.
Adaptive NN Controller Design for a Class of Nonlinear MIMO Discrete-Time Systems

An adaptive neural network tracking control is studied for a class of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. The studied systems are in discrete-time form and the discretized dead-zone inputs are considered. In addition, the studied MIMO systems are composed of $N$ subsystems, and each subsystem contains unknown functions and external disturbance. Due to the complicated framework of the discrete-time systems, the existence of the dead zone and the noncausal problem in discrete-time, it brings about difficulties for controlling such a class of systems. To overcome the noncausal problem, by defining the coordinate transformations, the studied systems are transformed into a special form, which is suitable for the backstepping design. The radial basis functions NNs are utilized to approximate the unknown functions of the systems. The adaptation laws and the controllers are designed based on the transformed systems. By using the Lyapunov method, it is proved that the closed-loop system is stable in the sense that the semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded of all the signals and the tracking errors converge to a bounded compact set. The simulation examples and the comparisons with previous approaches are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
A 2.4GHz monolithic SiGe power amplifier for Wireless-LAN transceiver

A high-linearity power amplifier (PA) for 2.4GHz Wireless-LAN transceiver is presented. The PA is designed and implemented using a 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS process. An on-chip adaptive linearizer is comprised of a base-emitter diode of the bias transistor and a bypass capacitor with almost no increase in die area and no extra dc consumption. Besides the linearization function, the active biasing circuit is also temperature-insensitive with simple structure. Including all matching circuits and biasing circuits, the die area of the fully integrated PA is 1.2mm∗1.1mm. Temperature simulation indicates the variation of power gain is less than 1.6dB from 20°C to 80°C. The second-order and third-order LMD are less than −30.9dBc and −34.5dBc when the output PI dB has been reached. With 3.3 V supply, the PA achieves max PldB of 23.2dBm and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 21.3%
A Steganalytic Algorithm Aiming at JPEG Image

This algorithm is specially aimed at steganalytic algorithm of JPEG image and used to detect whether hidden information exists in it. According to the structural feature of JPEG image and through analyzing the DCT coefficient, the algorithm firstly extract quantification matrix, and judge whether hidden information exists in the image according to the relationship between image and the quantification matrix. This algorithm introduces an improved method of extracting quantification matrix, and raises the efficiency and accuracy of extracting quantification matrix, which makes the algorithm acquire a comparatively high accuracy rate of detecting.
A new sliding mode like control method for buck converter

Sliding mode control is a robust control method with guaranteed large signal stability and good dynamic response. Despite its advantages, sliding mode control for DC-DC converters suffers from non-zero steady state error and variable switching frequency that depends on the converter parameters. This paper proposes a simple sliding mode like control (SMLC) technique for the buck converter that has a fixed switching frequency and zero steady state error. The response of this controller is robust and can be defined directly in the time domain. In addition, fuzzy logic implementation of the proposed SMLC is provided. Experimental results show that the proposed SMLC has good first-order dynamic performance and no steady state error.
A zero-voltage switched PWM boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit

A zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit is proposed in this paper. The auxiliary circuit, which is a resonant circuit consisting of a switch and passive components, ensures that the converter's main switch and boost diode operate with soft switching. This converter can function with PWM control because the auxiliary resonant circuit operates for a small fraction of the switching cycle. Since the auxiliary circuit is a resonant circuit, the auxiliary switch itself has both a soft turn on and turn off, resulting in reduced switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). This is unlike other proposed ZVS boost converters with auxiliary circuits where the auxiliary switch has a hard turn off. Peak switch stresses are only slightly higher than those found in a conventional PWM boost converter because part of the energy that would otherwise circulate in the auxiliary circuit and drastically increase peak switch stresses is fed to the load. In this paper, the operation of the converter is explained and analyzed, design guidelines are given, and experimental results obtained from a prototype are presented. The proposed converter is found to be about 2%-3% more efficient than the conventional PWM boost converter.