nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Drawing CAPTCHA

Nowadays, many daily human activities such as education, commerce, talks, etc. are carried out through the Internet. In cases such as the registering in Web sites, some hackers write programs to make automatic false enrolments which waste the resources of the Web site while this may even stop the entire Web site from working. Therefore, it is necessary to tell apart human users from computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and human apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR (optical character recognition) systems while using them are undesirable to human users and esp. difficult in tools such as PDA's or mobile phones that lack a big keyboard. On the other hand, the use of Internet services has also expanded on such devices. This paper has attempted to provide a method to tell apart human users from computer programs by drawing lines with the PDA light pens. In this method, numerous dots are drawn on a screen with noisy background, some of which are diverse from the others, which the user has to connect them to each other. Considering the weakness of computers in identifying these dots, the human user can be recognized from the computer program. The proposed method was implemented by the Java programming language
Recognition of handwritten Persian/Arabic numerals by shadow coding and an edited probabilistic neural network

A system for recognition of segmented handwritten Persian/Arabic numerals irrespective of size and translation is developed. The image is represented by invariant features obtained from a new shadow coding scheme designed for the considered shapes. Classification is performed by a modified version of a four-layer probabilistic neural network (PNN) called the edited PNN (EPNN). Due to an editing and condensation procedure on the training samples, the EPNN has better performance and the network size is smaller. The performance of the system is evaluated on a database consisting of 2600 digits written by 10 different people. The obtained recognition accuracy is 97.8 percent. The developed system can process approximately two digits per second on a Intel 486 based PC with a 66 MHz clock.
Effect of MFCC normalization on vector quantization based speaker identification

Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are widely used in speech recognition and speaker identification. MFCC features are usually pre-processed before being used for recognition. One of these pre-processing is creating delta and delta-delta coefficients and append them to MFCC to create feature vector. Another pre-processing is coefficients mean normalization. In this paper, the effect of these two processes on the accuracy of a Vector Quantization (VQ) speaker identification system is compared. Additionally, it is shown that coefficient variance normalization, which is less common, can improve the accuracy.
Large corpus of Iranian music

Digital music is now widely used and a great number of digital music files are available on the Internet. Designing systems that can automatically index, search and retrieve the digital music is one of the active research fields. One of the requirements for design and evaluation of such systems is corpuses of digital music samples. A good corpus is expected to have a number of features such as including a great number of samples, have samples of different artists and also samples with different quality. Additionally, the regional music of different parts of the world uses local musical instruments which results in music that are acoustically different. So, corpuses of regional music are needed for design and evaluation of web scale systems. Considering the above reasons, we created a large corpus of Iranian music. In this paper, we review available public music corpuses and then describe our corpus. Our corpus contains 27496 music tracks of 1355 artists that gathered from the Internet. The lyrics for more than 54% of tracks are also provided. We analyze the different aspects of collected tracks such as their bit rate and sampling rate which are helpful in designing large scale systems.
Persian/Arabic Text Font Estimation using Dots

Nowadays, computer is being used in many aspects of human life. A consequence of computer is electronic documents. Computers can't understand written documents. So, we need to convert written documents to electronic documents in order to be able to process them with computers. One of the common methods for converting written texts to electronic text is optical character recognition (OCR). A lot of work has been done on English OCR, but Persian/Arabic OCR is still under development. A phase which commonly used in recognition part of an OCR system is estimating font size of text. Usually when the font size of text is found, the pen width is calculated. The pen width can be used for character segmentation in Persian/Arabic OCR. A common way for estimating font size and pen width is using projection profile. In this paper, we introduce a new method for estimating font size of Persian/Arabic printed texts. This method uses dots in text to estimate font size. Because Persian/Arabic texts have a lot of dots, this method can estimate font size precisely. One of the main advantages of our method is its strong resistance to skew
Sending Mobile Software Activation Code by SMS Using Steganography

Now we are able to offer numerous softwares for mobile phones after the advances in mobile phone industry. Most of these softwares should be bought in order that we can use them. Some of these softwares are sharewares and after buying them you have to insert an activation code given by the manufacturing company based on your mobile IMEI code in order to activate the software. In this paper a new method is introduced for sending the mobile software activation code by SMS (Short Message Service). In this method the activation code is hidden in an SMS picture message by steganography method and sent to the user. The software extracting the activation code from the picture and compare it with the code which is generated based on the user's mobile phone IMEI code. If the codes are the same, the software is activated. Therefore the security of transferring the activation code is increased and if the SMS message is stolen, nobody can inform the activation code. This project is implemented in J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) language and tested on a Nokia N71 mobile phone.
Text Steganography by Changing Words Spelling

One of the important issues in security fields is hidden exchange of information. There are different methods for this purpose such as cryptography and steganography. Steganography is a method of hiding data within a cover media so that other individuals fail to realize their existence. In this paper a new method for steganography in English texts is proposed. In this method the US and UK spellings of words substituted in order to hide data in an English text. For example "color" has different spelling in UK (colour) and US (color). Therefore the data can be hidden in the text by substituting these words.
Steganography in SMS by Sudoku puzzle

Sudoku puzzle is a logical game which has recently got very popular. Every day various mass media print these puzzles. As a result these puzzles are a suitable alternative for hidden data transfer. SMS (short message service) is one of the popular mobile-phone services. In this service people can write short messages and send it to each other through mobile phones. In this paper a method has been presented for steganography (hiding data) in Sudoku puzzles and through SMS. In this method after hiding data in a Sudoku puzzle, the puzzle is sent in a way that it does not attract any attention. Steganography algorithm is based on order of place of numbers 1 through 9 in one of the specified row or column of the puzzle. In this algorithm after solving the Sudoku puzzle, one extracts hidden data in accordance with order of numbers 1 through 9 in one of the certain row or column which is equivalent with hidden data.
Improving Mobile Banking Security Using Steganography

Upon development of m-commerce as one of the new branches of e-commerce, m-banking has emerged as one of the main divisions of m-commerce. As the m-banking was received very well, it has embarked upon supply of various services based on different systems and with the aid of various services such as the short messaging service (SMS). However, in spite of its advantages, m-banking is facing some challenges as well. One of these challenges is the issue of security of this system. This paper presents a method for increasing security of the information requested by users with the use of steganography method. In this method, instead of direct sending of the information, it is hidden in a picture by the password and is put on a site. Then the address of the picture is sent to the user. After receiving the address of the picture through SMS, the user downloads the picture by a special program. After entering the password, the user can witness the information extracted from the picture if the password is entered correctly. This project is written in J2ME language (Java 2 Micro Edition) and has been implemented on Nokia mobile phones, models N71 and 6680
Spoken captcha: A captcha system for blind users

Today, the Internet is used to offer different services to users. Most of these services are designed for human users, but unfortunately some computer programs are designed which abuse these services. CAPTCHA (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and human apart) systems are designed to automatically distinguish between human users and computer programs and block such computer programs. Most of current CAPTCHA methods are using visual patterns and hence blind users cannot use them. In this paper, we propose a new CAPTCHA method which is designed for blind people. In this method, a small sound clip is played for the user and he/she is asked to say a word. Then the user response - which is a speech file - is checked to be the requested word and also not generated by a computer. This method does not require any screen and can be used easily by non-blind and blind users.
Involving computer science students in real-world problems

Today, many students are study computer science. Although they study different courses, they rarely do homework or projects related to real world problems. In this paper, we design a project to show some of the problems which are occured during implementing a real word project to the students. In this project, the students are asked to implement the FFT (fast Fourier transform) algorithm on a personal computer and then port the program to a smartphone using J2ME (Java 2 micro edition) programming language. By doing this project, the undergraduate computer science students will become familiar with the limitations of small devices such as smartphones. They also learn the process of porting a program from a personal computer to a smartphone.
Improved Collage Steganography

Establishing hidden communication is an important subject that nowadays has gained increasing importance. Embedding a secret message into a cover media without attracting any attention, known as steganography, is one of the methods used for hidden communication purposes. In this paper, we present an advanced version of ldquoCollage Steganographyrdquo method which is robust against various attacks. In this method, an image (for example a view of a room) is created which contains some coded information. This method is robust against attacks such as adding noise, blurring and JPEG compression.
Preventing Mobile Software Cracking Using CAPTCHA

Now we are able to offer numerous softwares for mobile phones after the advances in mobile phone industry. Most of these softwares should be bought in order that we can use them. Some of these softwares are sharewares and after buying them you have to insert a serial number given by the manufacturing company in order to activate the software. But the crackers reproduce them illegally by cracking the software. One of the tactics used by crackers for finding the serial number of the softwares is brute force attacks. In this paper a method based on CAPTCHA (completely automated public Turing test to tell computer and humans apart) is proposed for solving this problem. In this method while receiving the serial number, an image of a multi-digit number whose digits are crooked is also shown and the user must type that number. Due to the limitations of the mobile phone, OCR (optical character recognition) programs on the mobile phone can not recognize the shown numbers. Therefore the attacks launched by the crackers for repetitive insertion of the serial numbers and using brute force attack are doomed to be impossible. This project can be easily used on various softwares in numerous mobile phone models. An instance of this project is written in J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) language and tested on a Nokia N71 mobile phone
Using minimum matching for clustering with balancing constraints

Clustering is a major task in data mining which is used in many applications. However, general clustering is inappropriate for many applications where some constraints should be applied. One category of these constraints is the cluster size constraint. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for solving the clustering with balancing constraints by using the minimum matching. We compare our algorithm with the method proposed by Banerjee and Ghosh that uses stable matching and show that our algorithm converge to the final solution in fewer iterations.
Steganography in Textiles

Covert exchange of information has been long a significant and highlighted affair. Numerous methods have been devised for the matter of which steganography is a popular one. Already applied in the past, the method has been massive used following the invention of computer. This paper discusses a new application of steganography in textiles in which information is hidden in the images on the clothes. In this way, information is first hidden by computer in images by a special method. Then the provided images are printed on clothes. The related information is extracted after scanning the images by relevant programs.
Multilingual CAPTCHA

Currently, many daily human activities such as education, commerce and talks are carried out through the Internet. In cases such as the registering in websites, some hackers write programs to make automatic false involvements which waste the resources of the website while this may even stop the entire website from working. Therefore, it is necessary to tell apart human users from computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) systems while using them are undesirable to human users. In this paper a method has been presented for telling the human users and computer programs apart on the basis of choice of an object shown on the screen. The user interface of this method is multilingual. At the beginning of the test, the user chooses his/her native language. After that, all of the messages are shown in the selected language. The messages are translated using an online translator. While most of the available CAPTCHA methods assume that user knows English language, in this method, the user doesn't need to be familiar with English language. In this method some objects are chosen randomly and the pictures about these topics are searched and downloaded from the Internet. Then all of the pictures are shown on the screen. After that, the user is asked to choose a specific object. The main advantage of this method is that non-English users can use it easily, even if they don't know English language. This method has been implemented by the PHP language.
Restricted Access to Exam Grades on the Web by HIP

Virtual learning is a new idea that has attained a new form with the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet. One of the issues in the field of E-learning is the way of announcing exams' grades. In this paper, a new method is introduced for restricting public access to exams' grades on the web by using a new HIP (Human Interactive Proofs) system. In this method, the picture of a multiple-choice or short answer question from the exam is shown and the students are asked to answer it for accessing the grades. Since the picture of the question is viewed the computer cannot answer it. On the other hand, only students of that course can answer the question and have access to grades because of the professional nature of the question. This project has been implemented by PHP scripting language.
A New Solution for Password Key Transferring in Steganography Methods by CAPTCHA through MMS Technology

The Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) allows a user of a mobile phone to send messages containing multimedia objects, such as images, audio or video clips. On the other hand establishing hidden communication is an important subject of discussion that has gained increasing importance nowadays with the development of the Internet. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is steganography. Therefore steganography in MMS is an interesting idea. One of the problems in steganography methods is the security of transferring password key used for steganography between sender and receiver of secure data. In this paper a new method is proposed for solving this problem using CAPTCHA method through MMS messages. In this method the password key is spoken in an audio file and the data are hidden in the image by this password key. Then the image and audio files are inserted in a MMS message and sent to the receiver. Therefore the human receiver can recognize the password from the audio file and extract the data from the image using this password, but the computer cannot recognize the spoken word from the audio file and extracting the password. By this method the user does not need to memorize any password for extracting the data. This method has been implemented in J2ME programming language.
Collage CAPTCHA

Nowadays, many daily human activities such as education, commerce, talks, etc. are carried out through the Internet. In cases such as the registering in websites, some hackers write programs to make automatic false enrolments which waste the resources of the website while this may even stop the entire website from working. Therefore, it is necessary to tell apart human users from computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (completely automated p[ublic turing test to tell computers and human apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR (optical character recognition) systems while using them are undesirable to human users. In this paper a method has been presented for telling the human users and computer softwares apart on the basis of choice of an object shown on the screen. In this method some pictures are chosen randomly and after effecting some changes such as rotating, all of them are shown on the screen. Then we ask the user to choose a specific object. If the user chooses the right object we can guess that the user has been a human being not computer software. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity because the user does not have to type anything. This method has been implemented by the Java programming language.
Removing Noises Similar to Dots from Persian Scanned Documents

Nowadays, computer is being used in many aspects of human life. A consequence of computer is electronic documents. Computers cannot understand written documents. So, we need to convert written documents to electronic documents in order to be able to process them with computers. One of the common methods for converting written texts to electronic text is Optical Character Recognition (OCR). A lot of work has been done on English OCR, but Persian/Arabic OCR is still under development.One of the major problems in Persian/Arabic OCR is noise removal. Because dots are very important in Persian and Arabic languages and they are very similar to noises, so noise removal from Persian/Arabic documents is more difficult than Latin documents. In this paper, we propose a new method for removing noises similar to dots from Persian/Arabic printed documents. In this method, the size of the dots is estimated in each region after page segmentation. Then the noises which are similar to dots are removed using the estimated size of the dots. This method is implemented as a part of page segmentation phase and the experimental results are well. Some advantages of our method are high speed and strong resistance to skew.
A New Human Interactive Proofs System for Deaf Persons

Nowadays the Internet users are from different ages and groups. Disabled people are a group of the Internet users. Some websites are especially created for disabled people and public access to them is undesirable. In this paper, for the first time, a method is introduced for distinguishing between deaf persons and other users using a new HIP (Human Interactive Proofs) system. In this method, the sign language is used. A word is shown as a movie using a sign language. The user should recognize the word and select it from a list. Only deaf persons can understand sign language and recognize the word, therefore other persons and also computer programs cannot enter the website. This project has been implemented by PHP scripting language.
Exam HIP

Nowadays a great deal of information is circulated through the Internet. Some of it exclusively belongs to a special group of people and requires protection and safeguarding against unauthorized access. To this end some systems called HIP (human interactive proofs) have been introduced to tell humans and computers apart or various groups of people apart. In this paper, a new method for telling users apart by help of showing picture of a multiple-choice question has been presented. This multiple-choice question is related to some protected information in the field of user's profession. Since picture of question is viewed the computer cannot answer it. On the other hand, only experts and professional people or people related to the concerned subject can answer the question and have access to information because of professional nature of the question (for example a medical question). This project has been implemented by PHP scripting language.
Design and Implementation of Three Different Methods for Announcing Exam Grades on the Web

After the emergence of modern technologies in the field of information technologies (IT), virtual learning has attained a new form. The way of announcing examspsila grades is an important topic in e-learning. For announcing examspsila grades on the Web, various methods have been proposed. In this paper, first some common methods for announcing studentspsila grades are reviewed, then three new methods which are named "virtual grade", "steganography grades", and "grade HIP" are introduced and the result of implementing these methods for announcing the grades of some courses at the some Iranian universities are provided. Also these methods and their results are analyzed. Finally these three new methods are compared with other methods.