nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Biomedicine Resource of Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Flesh Eucalyptus Urophydis Chips by Py-GC/MS

The extractives of Eucalyptus urophydis wood consumes more bleaching agents which seriously affect the quality of pulp and paper, and increases more difficulties on the treatments of wastewater and black-liquid from wood industry, especially pulp- and paper-making industry. Therefore, In order to solve the problem, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the high- grade resource recovery of benzene/ethanol extractives of flesh E. urophydis wood. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main and abundant constituents of 590degC pyrolysis product of Eucalyptus urophydis bark were 3,7-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-l-methyl-6H- dibenzo[B,D]pyran-6-one(5.01). 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid,l ,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-l,4a-dimethyl-7-(l-methylethyl)- (4.19), ergosta-4,6,22-trien-3.beta.-ol(4.07), phenol, 2,6- dimethoxy-(2.99), hexadecanoic acid(2.96), acetic acid(2.86), ethanone, l-(3-methoxyphenyl)- (2.83), phenol, 2-methoxy-(2.38), 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro- l,4a-dimethyl-7-(l-methylethyl)-, methyl ester(2.05), germanicol(2.00), benzoic acid, 4-[phenyl(phenylimino)methoxy]- , methyl ester(1.97), 3-buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-l- cyclohexen-1-yl)- (1.86), 4.alpha.-Methylcholest-7-en-3-one(1.78), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(l-propenyl)- (1.58), phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- 4-(2-propenyl)- (1.55), cedrol(1.12), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester(1.08), brucine(1.02), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(0.91), 9,12- octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (0.83), beta.-sitosterol(0.84), etc. The analytic result suggested that the benzene/ethanol extractives of E. urophydis chips can be used as materials of biomedicine, skin care and cosmetic , bioenergy and flavor.
Lumped Time-Delay Compensation Scheme for Coding Synchronization in the Nonlinear Spectral Quantization-Based All-Optical Analog-to-Digital Conversion

In this paper, we propose a novel lumped time-delay compensation scheme for the all-optical analog-to-digital conversion based on soliton self-frequency shift and optical interconnection techniques. By inserting a segment of negative dispersion fiber between the quantization and the coding module, the time delay of different quantized pulses can be accurately compensated with a simple structure compared to the multiple time-delay lines. The simulation results show that the coding pulses can be well synchronized using a span of fiber, with the flattened negative dispersion within the wavelength range of 1558-1620 nm. In addition, the problems of pulse broadening and time error are discussed, and it is shown that no damage happens to the coding correctness within the sampling rate of 30 GSa/s.
Enhanced Broadband Parametric Wavelength Conversion in Silicon Waveguide With the Multi-Period Grating

In this paper, a novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide with the multi-period vertical grating is proposed to realize broadband parametric wavelength conversion with a quasi-phase matching technique. The grating period in the former part of the SOI waveguide is optimized to enhance the conversion efficiency at designated signal wavelength and the 3-dB bandwidth. When the continuous-wave pump at 1550 nm is used, the conversion efficiency of -14.0 dB at 1750 nm and the 3-dB bandwidth of 387 nm can be obtained. Compared to the constant-width waveguide, the improvements of 26.7 dB and 298 nm are achieved, respectively. The results show that this SOI waveguide is an ideal device for broadband wavelength conversion without dispersion engineering.
Robust speech feature extraction based on Gabor filtering and tensor factorization

In this paper, we investigate the speech feature extraction problem in the noisy environment. A novel approach based on Gabor filtering and tensor factorization is proposed. From recent physiological and psychoacoustic experimental results, localized spectro-temporal features are essential for auditory perception. We employ 2D-Gabor functions with different scales and directions to analyze the localized patches of power spectrogram, by which speech signal can be encoded as a general higher order tensor. Then Nonnegative Tensor PCA with sparse constraint is used to learn the projection matrices from multiple interrelated feature subspaces and extract the robust features. Experimental results confirm that our proposed method can improve the speech recognition performance, especially in noisy environment, compared with traditional speech feature extraction methods.
Vibration features extraction of power transformer using an time-scale-frequency analysis method based on WPT and HHT

The success of health monitoring and condition assessment for power transformer with vibration analysis lies on proper extraction of vibration features. The extraction of features in turn depends on appropriate signal processing methods. In this paper, a WPT and HHT based time-scale-frequency analysis is developed to extract the vibration features from power transformer tank. In this method, the WPT is adopted firstly to decompose the signal into a set of narrow band signals. Prior to HHT, the decomposed components are screened with a CTS technique. Finally, HHT is applied to these components to obtain both frequency and amplitude characteristics. By comparing with the single WPT and HHT methods, the results show that the time-scale-frequency analysis can overcome the intrinsic shortcomings of these two methods, which will lead to unreliable vibration features for ignoring frequency information in wavelet-based method, mode mixing and meaningless IMFs generation resulting from EMD in HHT. Therefore, the developed method can provide a better alternative to implement vibration feature extraction from vibration signals of power transformer.
Sequential nonnegative tucker decomposition on multi-way array of time-frequency transformed event-related potentials

Tensor factorization has exciting advantages to analyze EEG for simultaneously exploiting its information in the time, frequency and spatial domains as well as for sufficiently visualizing data in different domains concurrently. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are usually investigated by the group-level analysis, for which tensor factorization can be used. However, sizes of a tensor including time-frequency representation of ERPs of multiple channels of multiple participants can be immense. It is time-consuming to decompose such a tensor. The low-rank approximation based sequential nonnegative Tucker decomposition (LraSNTD) has been recently developed and shown to be computationally efficient with respect to some benchmark datasets. Here, LraSNTD is applied to decompose a fourth-order tensor representation of ERPs. We find that the decomposed results from LraSNTD and a benchmark nonnegative Tucker decomposition algorithm are very similar. So, LraSNTD is promising for ERP studies.
Fibre heterostructure for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement

Reported is an experimental study of a novel fibre heterostructure that utilises multimode interference employing two multimode fibre sections to allow simultaneous measurement of both strain and temperature. By measuring two peak wavelengths, strain and temperature can be determined with a demonstrated sensitivity to strain of 0.35 pm/ in the strain range 0-1556 and a temperature sensitivity of 11.16 pm/°C in the temperature range 10-30°C.
Study on Non-Smoke Carbonization Technology of Phyllostachys pubescens in Low Temperature

Bamboo wood especially the Phyllostachys pubescens is extremely abundant in our country, however, the high moisture content and easy to mildew and decay has limits it widely application in solid material. In this study, a novel carbonization with low temperature and non-smoke is introduced, and whole factor analysis method and variance analysis are used to find a novel and optimized process parameter, the result show that: (1) The carbonization temperature, relative humidity and carbonization time have significant influence on the moisture content of carbonized Phyllostachys pubescens. (2) The best process parameter is 240℃ carbonization temperature, 3 hours carbonization and 11.3% relative humidity. This result will provide theoretical guide for highly effective utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens resource.
Single Image Dehazing Based on Dark Channel Prior and Energy Minimization

Hazy images have limited visibility and low contrast. The degradation is expressed by transmission map, which is one of the most important estimates of single image dehazing. Transmission map estimation is an underconstraint problem, and lots of priors have been proposed. Among them, the dark channel prior is widely recognized. However, traditional methods have not fully exploited its power due to improper assumptions or operations, which cause unwanted artifacts. The postrefinement algorithms employed to remove these artifacts in turn undermine the merits of the prior. In this letter, a novel method for estimating transmission map by energy minimization is proposed to solve this problem. The energy function combines the dark channel prior with piecewise smoothness. The method is compared to the state-of-the-art methods and shows outstanding performance.
A new successive relaxation scheme for the W-matrix solution method on a shared memory parallel computer

The W-matrix method has the potential to be efficient for parallel computing as a substitute for the precedence stringent substitution schemes, which are being commonly used on sequential computers for the solution of sparse linear matrix equations, with the support of appropriate reordering and partitioning algorithms. In this paper, the factors which may affect the performance of the W-matrix method are examined first. A bus reordering and partitioning scheme is then proposed which is aimed at reducing the fill-ins in both the triangular matrices L and U and the W-matrices and adjusting the patterns of the W-matrices for better parallel efficiency. Tests conducted on a shared memory parallel computer proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for various systems. Test results are presented and discussed,.
Demonstration of Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing by Femtosecond Pulses Centered at 1550 nm in an Air-Silica Photonic Crystal Fiber

In this paper, we demonstrated experimentally the intermodal four-wave mixing effect by launching femtosecond pulses centered at 1550 nm into deeply normal dispersion region in the fundamental guided-mode of an air-silica photonic crystal fiber with two zero dispersion wavelengths. When intermodal phase-matching condition is satisfied, the energy of the pump waves at 1550 nm in the fundamental guided-mode is converted to the anti-Stokes waves around 1258 nm and Stokes waves around 2018 nm both in the second-order guided-mode. When femtosecond pulses at input average power <italic>P</italic><sub>av</sub> of 90 mW are propagated inside 22-cm-long photonic crystal fiber, the conversion efficiencies <italic>η</italic><sub>as</sub> and <italic>η</italic><sub>s</sub> of the anti-Stokes and Stokes waves generated are 8.5% and 6.8%, respectively. We also observed that the influences of the fiber bending and walk-off effect between the fundamental and second-order guided-modes on intermodal four-wave mixing-based frequency conversion process are very small.
Wavelet-based compression of M-FISH images

Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) is a recently developed technology that enables multi-color chromosome karyotyping for molecular cytogenetic analysis. Each M-FISH image set consists of a number of aligned images of the same chromosome specimen captured at different optical wavelength. This paper presents embedded M-FISH image coding (EMIC), where the foreground objects/chromosomes and the background objects/images are coded separately. We first apply critically sampled integer wavelet transforms to both the foreground and the background. We then use object-based bit-plane coding to compress each object and generate separate embedded bitstreams that allow continuous lossy-to-lossless compression of the foreground and the background. For efficient arithmetic coding of bit planes, we propose a method of designing an optimal context model that specifically exploits the statistical characteristics of M-FISH images in the wavelet domain. Our experiments show that EMIC achieves nearly twice as much compression as Lempel-Ziv-Welch coding. EMIC also performs much better than JPEG-LS and JPEG-2000 for lossless coding. The lossy performance of EMIC is significantly better than that of coding each M-FISH image with JPEG-2000.
Stereo Matching Algorithm of Color Image Based on Weber's Law and Census

The algorithm presented here is used on unmanned aerial vehicles system. In 2013,C.Stentousmis proposed a matching cost computation model(or function), This matching cost model combined three kinds of constraints, the cost function is formulated by combining three individual costs:a cost computed on an extended census transformation of the images, the absolute difference cost, taking into account information from colour channels, and a cost based on the principal image derivatives.Experiments show that the cost function is excellent performance in similar estimates.Apply it to the stereo matching of ancient buildings, it is favorable for practical. However, this experiment, in color mutated region, leaded to blurred border.Therefore, our proposed method added color space structural information, which based on HVS Weber's law, to the cost function. we use the differential excitation of WLD reflects the structure of color space.This robust cost measures can reduce percent of bad pixels in mutated color region. The proposed method use color image, which is used after epipolar line rectification.
Exponential stability of a class of switched and hybrid systems

In this paper, the exponential stability is considered for a class of switched systems containing both stable and unstable subsystems with impulsive effect by using the matrix measure concept and average dwell time approach. The authors show that if the average dwell time and the ratio of the total activation time (of those subsystems) with negative matrix measure to the total activation time (of those subsystems) with nonnegative matrix measure are both chosen appropriately large, the exponential stability of a desired degree is guaranteed. Under a similar condition, the robust exponential stability problem for a class of switched systems with impulsive effect and structure perturbations is also studied. Simulations validate the main results.
Cascade Optical Quantization Scheme for Efficient Resolution Enhancement of All-optical ADC

A novel cascade optical quantization scheme for the resolution enhancement of all-optical ADC is proposed. Using a phase modulator embedded Sagnac loop and the array of splitters with specific splitting ratios, the cascade optical quantization is realized with the maximum 1.59-bit enhancement of stated-number-of-bits. Simulation results show that a 20 GHz RF signal is precisely digitalized with the spur-free dynamic range of 30.18 dBc and effective-number-of-bits of 4.22-bit.
Voltage Security Enhancement via Coordinated Control

The problem of analytically coordinating dissimilar voltage control actions to prevent voltage collapse in a large power system is addressed. A framework for hybrid voltage control based on coordination of controls with different response time and dynamic characteristics is presented. The proposed method is based on a security constrained steady-state approach. The minimum distance from the operating point to the bifurcation boundary is used to evaluate system voltage security. The optimal control direction towards adequate security is then obtained by calculating the sensitivity of the minimum distance with respect to control parameters. The actual dispatch of controls along the optimal direction, which takes into account impacts of economic cost and control availability, is determined as the solution of a multiple-stage optimization problem using differential dynamic programming. The algorithm is demonstrated for a system with dynamic load models representing the main grid of the New South Wales,
Research on Development Model and Countermeasure of Bamboo Industry in China on International Economic Crisis

The global economy is facing economic crisis at present. And all the industries are face to serious problem relative to their fates. In addition, the bamboo industry in China is not relating to ecological environment construction for low utilization rate of raw materials, high energy consumption and low products extra value. therefore, the development model and countermeasure is urgent to be studied in order to help the bamboo industry in China placidly pass through the crisis. Based on survey reports and large numbers of literature and data about bamboo processing, the present conditions of bamboo industry in China was analyzed systematically. On this basis, the development model and countermeasure with Chinese Characteristics were proposed to promote healthy development of bamboo industry.
Challenges and solutions of few-line patterns with freeform illumination in immersion lithography

Lithography is facing great challenges from the continuous shrinkage of critical dimension in order to satisfy the development of the technology node. To extend ArF immersion lithography to sub 20 nm technology node, it is necessary to print smaller pitch size such as 80 nm for 1D pattern with enough process window. But it is hard to compromise 2D and other more complicated features. Source-mask optimization (SMO) is one of the key techniques for sub 20 nm technology node, which combines freeform light source with mask optimization to achieve a good process window for a variety of key features which optical proximity correction has limited solutions. In this paper, we use SMO technique for different kinds of pattern which is typical in sub 20 nm node, including 1D pattern, 2D regular pattern such as line-end to line-end, and 2D irregular pattern. It is shown that a proper source with a proper mask optimization strategy can be obtained, which gives enough common process window on most of the test pattern. However, few-line pattern like 3-line, 4-line or 5-line which have some special pitch and are common in real chip, are very hard to print with enough process window even with SMO technique. In this paper, we present several solutions such as pattern shift and broaden for few-line pattern. The process window can be improved with these solutions.
Global asymptotic stabilization of underactuated surface vessels with nonzero off-diagonal terms in their system matrices

This paper considers the global asymptotic stability controller for a class of asymmetric underactuated surface vessel. Different from the most existing results, we construct a new time-varying stabilizer such that the origin is a solution of the closed-loop system. For the synthesis of controller, the investigated underactuated model is converted into two cascade connected subsystems using input and state transformations. For these subsystems, it is shown that the stabilization problem of this note can be reduced to the one of the second subsystem. By combining the direct Lyapunov method and nonlinear time-varying tools, a time-varying stabilization controller is developed guaranteeing global uniform convergence of the full states to origin. The simulation results testify to the effectiveness of the presented control approach.
Study on leaching rule of nano particles from Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood

Now water, adhesives and other assistants are severely wasted because the extractive of Eucalyptus wood is enriched. What's worst, water pollution becomes more serious because of the polluting extractives of Eucalyptus wood. Therefore, based on the single-factor method, the fresh E. camaldulensis shavings were treated in the sorbitic extractor and supersonic wave extractor. The extractives were analyzed by ZETA and SIZER to find out the leaching rule of nano particles from E. camaldulensis wood, hence to obtain the way to lower the negative effect of the extractives. The results were following as: (1) the regression curve showed that the extraction mass increases when the extracting time extends in the sorbitic extractor; (2) diameters of leached nano particles distribute from 37.8 to 106 nm by volume evaluating indicator, and 28.2 to 91.3 nm by number evaluating indicator in the sorbitic extractor. The particles with diameters of 4150~5560 nm, 1110~6440 nm and 4150~5560 nm are too few to test, and their volume are only 0.3%, 2.6% and 0.3% respectively, however, they can bring barrier of wood extractives on wood permeability and obstructive action of wood turpentine on pulping; (3) the volume of the particles with diameter of 28.2~78.8 nm was 80.1%, the number of the particles with diameter of 24.4~50.7 nm was 89.0%, and the volume of 190~396 nm particles is 15.2%, but its number was very less. Therefore, not only extraction mass is increased but also the grouping number of leached nano particles from E. camaldulensis is lowered in supersonic wave extractor.
Convergence of Gradient Descent for Minimum Error Entropy Principle in Linear Regression

We study the convergence of minimum error entropy (MEE) algorithms when they are implemented by gradient descent. This method has been used in practical applications for more than one decade, but there has been no consistency or rigorous error analysis. This paper gives the first rigorous proof for the convergence of the gradient descent method for MEE in a linear regression setting. The mean square error is proved to decay exponentially fast in terms of the iteration steps and of order O( 1) in terms of the sample size m. The mean square convergence is guaranteed when the step size is chosen appropriately and the scaling parameter is large enough.
Long-Term Person Re-identification Using True Motion from Videos

Most person re-identification approaches and benchmarks assume that pedestrians go across the surveillance network without significant appearance changes in a brief period, which explicitly restricts person re-identification to a short-term event and incurs inter-sample similarity measurement by appearance matching. However, pedestrians are likely to reappear in the surveillance network after a long-time interval (long-term) and change their wearing in many real-world scenarios. These scenarios inevitably cause appearances between subjects more ambiguous and indistinguishable. In this paper we consider these scenarios and propose a unified feature representation based on true motion cues from videos named FIne moTion encoDing (FITD). Our hypothesis is that people keep constant motion patterns under non-distraction walking condition. Therefore, the motion characteristics are more reliable than static appearance feature to describe a walking person. Particularly, we extract motion patterns hierarchically by encoding trajectory-aligned descriptors with Fisher vectors in a spatial-aligned pyramid. To verify benefits of the proposed FITD, we collect a new dataset typically for the long-term situations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the merits of our FITD especially for the long-term scenarios.
Nonlinear Interaction of Voluntary Breathing and Cardiovascular Regulation

To investigate the effects of voluntary breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia and nonlinearity of heart rate variability (HRV), two kinds of voluntary breathing, speech and breath-holding, were used. The results showed that both types of voluntary breathing diminished the high frequency component of HRV, but speech decreased, while breath-holding enhanced the nonlinearity of HRV as detected by the Volterra series method. This finding indicates that respiratory patterns have a variety of influences on cardiovascular regulation