nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of on-line monitoring system of switchgear

For improving reliable operation of switchgear in power system, an approach for on-line monitoring the insulation characteristic and bus-bar temperature rising of the switchgear is proposed in this paper. Through comparing several existing temperature measurement methods for monitoring temperature rising elevation at bus-bas, a new design of temperature monitoring method is proposed. It adopts quick-magnetic saturated current transformer, temperature sensor and infrared transmission to solve the problem of high voltage isolation. For switchgear insulation characteristic monitoring, using the micro-controller unit (MCU) and hardware design, an on-line dielectric loss angle and leakage current measuring method with low cost and high accuracy is implemented. Sensor and signal conditioning circuit design are adopted to ensure the accuracy of leakage current measurement. The frequency voltage signal is extracted by connecting voltage-dividing capacitor on capacitive device terminal and absolute method of measurement and zero-crossing comparison measurement is adapted to measure dielectric loss angle whose principle and calculation approach are presented in this paper. The leakage current and dielectric loss angle can be regarded as criterion to assess switchgear insulation characteristic. Because the monitoring system works in several electromagnetic interference environments, some hardware and software electromagnetic immunity measures are discussed. At last, the system runs in real system and the result shows the on-line monitoring system is stable and reliable which can be provide reference for on-line monitoring system design of switchgear.
Study of vehicle-cross action model for unsignalized intersection based on dynamic game

On the basis of relation between driver's decision when vehicle-cross action is done in the unsignalized intersection, the driver's decision on minor time and space scale is analyzed, and the expression for safety factors and speed factors for traffic conflict vehicles in the unsignalized intersection is put up, then the utility function for vehicle-cross action is put up too. With these work, the model of driver vehicle-cross action in the unsignalized intersection is built up with dynamic game theory, and the Nash equilibrium for dynamic game process is analyzed. At last, the game model is verified by simulation, result shows that the game model is able to reflect the development result of traffic conflict under different condition, and it is logical to study driver action using dynamic game theory.
Determination of the inflection point of the Co-C HTFP melting curve by a statistical method

The inflection point (POI) of the HTFP melting curve has been mainly applied as a reference point in comparisons of local temperature scales. It has also been proposed to serve as a lower limit to be set to the liquidus temperature. In this paper, we confine ourselves to the determination of the inflection points by a statistical method for the Co-C involved in InK-WP1. Details of the metod will be introduced in this paper.
Optimization of Extra-High-Voltage SF$_{6}$  Circuit Breaker Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

Electrode contour optimization of arc quenching chamber of extra-high-voltage SF6 circuit breaker using the proposed variable interval genetic algorithm (VIGA) has been carried out to obtain not only a uniform field but also a dynamic distribution of electric field strength along different contact surface. In order to investigate the validity of VIGA quantitatively, optimization of two testing functions has been computed in detail. From comparison of the optimized solution to the analytical solution for the testing functions, the feasibility and practicability of the proposed VIGA has been verified. Moreover, in optimization, for enhancing the convergence efficiency of the optimization, the real-coded mode and improved blend-crossover strategy is proposed and applied.
Phase Field Based Texture Image Segmentation Using Shape Prior Technology

The correct segmentation of textural pattern into different meaningful regions is one of the most important problems in automatic texture image recognition. In this paper, we presented a variational integration of shape prior statistics into a phase-field based segmentation process. By derivating the new phase field functionals with gradient shape policy, we obtain the interface evolution process for texture pattern. The interface evolving uses information from shape templates to guide its behavior to desired features. Experimental results on noisy texture images demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Influence of Regulation of OLTC Transformation Ratio on Voltage Stability

The self-regulation of on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformation ratio is an important factor causing voltage instability. This paper introduces OLTC simulation models and their characteristics. Based on the sensitivity information, this paper deduces the voltage-regulating effect of OLTC in different load models with usage of the analytic method. The voltage-regulating effect of OLTC is very complicated. For different system operating conditions, different load types and different transformation ratios, the voltage-regulating effect may be different. At last, this paper summarizes the current OLTC control strategies to prevent voltage collapse.
Linear range extensible Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump for fast frequency acquisition

A new type Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) and Charge Pump (CP) configuration with extensible linear range is presented in this paper. The proposed Linear Range Extensible PFD and CP (LRE-PFDCP) can minimize the impact of non-ideal effects caused by the limited linear range of the Conventional PFD and CP (C-PFDCP). Thus, the frequency acquisition time of the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) implemented with LRE-PFDCP can be significantly reduced during large frequency hopping. Unlike other linear range extension techniques, the proposed LRE-PFDCP is robust and does not cause PLL unlocking. The proposed LRE-PFDCP together with a prototype PLL is designed and simulated in a 0.18µm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the PLL achieves 320MHz frequency hopping within 4µs, which is about 3.25 times faster than the same PLL with linear range extension disabled.
Using Symbolic Execution in Embedded Software Testing

Symbolic execution is widely used in software test cases automatic generating, but itpsilas hard to use it in embedded software testing, for embedded software is related to hardware too close. And at present, embedded software testing tools can only generate flow chart and test cases' coverage information, can not generate test cases that satisfy designated coverage automatically. This paper brings forward an idea that realizes embedded software test cases automatic generating using symbolic execution. First translate the embedded program into an intermediate language program, which preserve all the necessary information from the origin embedded program and according hardware, then symbolic execute the intermediate language program to generate test cases automatically.
A multiscale contrast enhancement algorithm for breast cancer detection using Laplacian Pyramid

Mammography is currently regarded as one of the best ways to detect breast cancer in the early stage. However, due to the limitation in imaging condition and the subtleness of the difference between normal and abnormal features, it is generally difficult to interpret the mammograms. Thus, image enhancement techniques have been widely used in screening mammograms. In this paper, a multiscale contrast enhancement algorithm based on Laplacian Pyramid is developed to enhance the contrast of the mammograms and improve the discernibility of the abnormal features. In the proposed algorithm, an image is first decomposed into a multi-level Laplacian Pyramid and then the enhancement is performed in the reconstruction stage. A multiscale contrast measure is used to modify the coefficients iteratively level by level and the enhanced image is obtained at the lowest level. Experiments proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Wheel Wear Prediction of High-Speed Train Using NAR and BP Neural Networks

In this paper, the field measured wheel wear data of high-speed trains are studied by variance analysis, and prediction models are developed using NAR and BP neural networks. The results show that the wheel position has a significant effect on the wheel wear, and the position of the carriage has little influence on the wheel wear. The NAR neural network can be used to predict the dynamic change of wheel diameter and therefore to predict the wheel wear of high-speed trains. The wheel diameter data are classified and the range of wheel wear can be predicted by means of training the BP neural network.
Research on Multi-tenant PaaS Cloud Security on Java Platform

This paper focuses on the potential security risk embedded in the model of multi-tenant sharing virtual machine service. Also the characteristics of current Java virtual machine standard model and the typical problems that may be encountered under the multi-tenant circumstances will be further discussed. Additionally, major solutions to the above problems of Java application server, including MVM, I-JVM and improved OSGI model, will be deeply analyzed in this paper. Through introduction to the GAE of commercial multi-tenant PaaS platform, this paper presents a clear and precise discussion and clarification to the solutions of security problems on the platform of multi-tenant PaaS.
What are customers looking at?

Computer vision approaches for retail applications can provide value far beyond the common domain of loss prevention. Gaining insight into the movement and behaviors of shoppers is of high interest for marketing, merchandizing, store operations and data mining. Of particular interest is the process of purchase decision making. What catches a customers attention? What products go unnoticed? What does a customer look at before making a final decision? Towards this goal we presents a system that detects and tracks both the location and gaze of shoppers in retail environments. While networks of standard overhead store cameras are used for tracking the location of customers, small in-shelf cameras are used for estimating customer gaze. The presented system operates robustly in real-time and can be deployed in a variety of retail applications.
Electric field optimization design of the vacuum interrupter based on the Tabu search algorithm

During interrupting in the vacuum interrupter, the reignition between the contact and the shield are influenced by the shape of the contact and the size of the shield. The design for the contact and the shield is an intricate global optimization problem. In this paper, the Tabu search (TS) approach is used to optimize the contacts for the 35 kV vacuum interrupter. Optimization design is based on the electric field computation using the finite element method (FEM). By solving the inverse problem, the optimizations of the contacts are achieved, the reasonable distribution of the electric field is obtained. Based on the combinatorial optimization TS algorithm, an improved universal approach for the continuous variables global optimization is proposed. The feasibility and practicability are verified by the experimental results.
Multiscale edge detection based on fuzzy c-means clustering

This paper presents a novel method for edge detection based on multiscale wavelet features and fuzzy c-means clustering. Firstly, an effective feature extraction algorithm using multiscale wavelet transform was proposed to extract classification features, thus the feature vector for each pixel was gained, which contained the gradient information in various directions; and then, these vectors were used as inputs for the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, which resulted in an automatic classification. In this way, the edge map can be obtained adaptively. Some comparisons with traditional edge detection algorithms were given in this paper. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method had a more satisfying performance
Three Dimensional Electric Field in a Novel Rotary-Gas Nozzle Structure of SF6 Circuit Breaker

In this paper, the novel Rotary-Gas nozzle structure with the advantage of arc extinguishing capacity has been investigated. The 126kV SF6 circuit breaker is taken as the investigation model and the novel structure with Rotary-Gas Grooves in the upstream nozzle is presented. Using Finite Element Method, it focuses the influence of Rotary-Gas groove on electric field in the arc-quenching chamber. To modify the structure parameters of Rotary-Gas nozzle, such as numbers and angle of Rotary-Gas grooves, the maximum electric field strength in arc-quenching chamber and the electric field distributions of the Rotary-Gas grooves during the interrupting process have been acquired, and compared with that of conventional nozzle. Based on the calculation electric field of Rotary-Gas nozzle, the satisfying results are obtained and illustrated. Moreover, it has been proved that the proposed novel Rotary-Gas nozzle has good insulation performance.
Effects analysis of distributed generation to receiving-end power grid

Grid connection of distributed generation would have a certain impact on safe and stable operation of receiving-end network, so systematic analysis on it would be significant. The method for comprehensive assessment on effects caused by grid connection of distributed generation on power grid is presented. The assessment system is divided into steady-state operation assessment, reliability assessment, and power quality assessment. Steady-state operation assessment is consisted of reactive power demand analysis, delivery capacity analysis, and voltage level analysis. The effects of grid connection of wind farm, different schemes comparison, penetration power, and average wind speed to grid reliability are analyzed. Voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation flicker, harmonic, and three-phase voltage imbalance indexes are used to evaluate the effect to power quality. Specific indexes values are used to measure extent of impact are given and relevant assessment software is developed. Impacts of distributed wind power on Qingdao power grid is analyzed, by taking grid connection of Qingdao Jimo Wind Farm as an example, from the aspects of stable operation, reliability and power quality, etc. and its extent of impact is assessed in a quantitative way, therefore it has guiding significance on power grid planning and operation.
Effectiveness analysis of the average value modeling of microgrid

Compared with the transmission power grid, the microgrid tends to contain much more power electronic devices. In the transient simulation with large time scale, the use of detailed switching model of power electronic devices often leads to significant increase of the required computation time and memory overflow problems. To solve these problems, the average value modeling method is usually adopted to modeling the terminal characteristics of power electronic devices, where the variable voltages and currents of the devices are replaced by their average value within a switching cycle. In this paper, the average value modeling principle which lays the basis of the modeling of AC-DC, DC-DC and DC-AC converters is firstly studied. Then both the detailed and the average value models of a typical microgrid containing AC-DC, DC-DC and DC-AC converters are established and accuracy of average value modeling method is studied. Simulation results show that the average value model of the microgrid can accurately capture the dynamic characteristics of the grid with reasonable accuracy but largely reduced simulation time.
Motion estimation using optical flow sensors and rate gyros

Optical flow sensors (OFSs), with characteristics of small size, light weight, low cost, little power consumption, fast response and no radiation, are suitable for miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs) to detect the environment around them. According to our recent works, besides the velocity and the flight height above the ground, many other flight states can also be obtained using optical flow sensors and rate gyros, including attack angle, sideslip angle, MAV's Euler angles and so on. In this paper, a placement scheme of OFSs on a MAV is proposed. After establishing the measurement equations, an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is applied to estimate the flight states of the MAV. Simulation results show that the flight states can be estimated accurately and quickly. The initial error between the true values and the estimations will be distinguished in about 4 seconds. Using the estimations as feedbacks, the autopilot can control the MAV effectively. Optimal placement scheme of OFSs is also discussed.
Research on sheath development of vacuum circuit breaker based on continuous transition model

The DC circuit breaker technology is one of the key technologies to build multi-terminal DC transmission network. Active DC vacuum circuit breaker (DCVCB) has become the research object. Based on the continuous transition model(CTM) and variable-step 4th-order Runge-Kutta method, sheath development stage during the post-arc dielectric recovery has been simulated and analyzed. Then the influence of major variables, including arc energy, contact erosion rate, and axial magnetic field between contacts, on sheath growth of post-arc dielectric recovery have been analyzed. The results show that the sheath thickness grows exponentially with time, and higher arc energy and contact erosion rate will result in larger initial ion density, longer ion decay time and slower sheath development. The stronger axial magnetic field will reduce initial ion density and promote sheath growth.
A dual-polarized wideband substrate-integrated-waveguide-fed slot antenna array for 60 GHz

A dual-polarized wideband substrate-integrated-waveguide fed aperture-coupled slot antenna array for 60 GHz is proposed. By cutting a semicircle shape on the edge of the crossed-slot antenna, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is effectively widen and achieves overlapped bandwidth of 16.7% for simulated |S11| and |S22|. In addition, over 35 dB isolation between two polarization and low cross-polarization level are achieved for dual-polarization operations. A gain up to 11.4 dB is obtained for 2×2 array. Most importantly, the proposed antenna array uses the aperture coupling method to enable the connection between PCB layers. It could be fabricated by stacking three layers of standard printed circuit board (PCB) laminates. With the advantages of low-cost, convenience of fabrication and desired performances, the proposed antenna is suitable for the millimeterwave antenna applications.
Design of a broadband UHF near-field RFID reader antenna

A wideband UHF RFID reader antenna with Wilkinson power divider and the composite left and right hand (CRLH) transmission lines is proposed. The antenna is composed of a Wilkinson power divider, CRLH transmission lines, and two open-ended microstrip meander lines. The traditional Wilkinson power divider has a 1/4 wavelength band microstrip transmission line, as transmission line is a narrow band, it is not a broadband device. The Wilkinson power divider and the CRLH transmission lines are used to expand the bandwidth of the antenna and to make a 180 degree phase shift. The proposed antenna works from 860 MHz to 960 MHz with S11 less than -27 dB, including the entire UHF RFID band. Due to the wide band characteristic of the antenna, it can be widely used in the different countries.
A Wideband Voltage-Controlled Oscillator With Gain Linearized Varactor Bank

A new gain linearized varactor bank suitable for wideband voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) is presented in this paper. The VCO tuning gain linearized techniques, namely the gain variation compensation and linear tuning range extension techniques, are used in the proposed varactor bank to achieve a further reduced VCO tuning gain with low variation. The phase noise from Amplitude Modulation to Phase Modulation up conversion is considerably improved thanks to the reduced VCO tuning gain. Fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, a 3-bits VCO prototype employing the proposed varactor bank achieves <;5% gain variation at the output frequency from 4.1 to 5 GHz, and exhibits maximum power consumption of 7.2 mW at its peak frequency, 5 GHz.
Image segmentation of mesenchymal stem cells in diverse culturing conditions

Researchers in the areas of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have great interests in understanding the relationship of different sets of culturing conditions and applied mechanical stimuli to the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it is challenging to design a tool to perform automatic cell image analysis due to the diverse morphologies of MSCs. Therefore, as a primary step towards developing the tool, we propose a novel approach for accurate cell image segmentation. We collected three MSC datasets cultured on different surfaces and exposed to diverse mechanical stimuli. By analyzing existing approaches on our data, we choose to substantially extend binarization-based extraction of alignment score (BEAS) approach by extracting novel discriminating features and developing an adaptive threshold estimation model. Experimental results on our data shows our approach is superior to seven conventional techniques. We also define three quantitative measures to analyze the characteristics of images in our datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied automatic segmentation to live MSC cultured on different surfaces with applied stimuli.
Analysis of Hierarchical B Pictures and MCTF

In this paper, an investigation of H.264/MPEG4-AVC conforming coding with hierarchical B pictures is presented. We analyze the coding delay and memory requirements, describe details of an improved encoder control, and compare the coding efficiency for different coding delays. Additionally, the coding efficiency of hierarchical B picture coding is compared to that of MCTF-based coding by using identical coding structures and a similar degree of encoder optimization. Our simulation results turned out that in comparison to the widely used IBBP...structure coding gains of more than 1 dB can be achieved at the expense of an increased coding delay. Further experiments have shown that the coding efficiency gains obtained by using the additional update steps in MCTF coding are generally smaller than the losses resulting from the required open-loop encoder control
Transform Coding Techniques in HEVC

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the most recent jointly developed video coding standard of ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). Although its basic architecture is built along the conventional hybrid block-based approach of combining prediction with transform coding, HEVC includes a number of coding tools with greatly enhanced coding-efficiency capabilities relative to those of prior video coding standards. Among these tools are new transform coding techniques that include the support for dyadically increasing transform block sizes ranging from 4 × 4 to 32 × 32, the partitioning of residual blocks into variable block-size transforms by using a quadtree-based partitioning dubbed as residual quadtree (RQT) as well as some properly designed entropy coding techniques for quantized transform coefficients of variable transform block sizes. In this paper, we describe these HEVC techniques for transform coding with a particular focus on the RQT structure and the entropy coding stage and demonstrate their benefit in terms of improved coding efficiency by experimental results.