nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Detection Scheme for Urban Traffic Congestion Using Buses

Urban traffic congestion has become a global phenomenon in recent years, resulting in a great waste of time and fuel. Thus, it is a great challenge for both scientists and engineers to detect the road condition timely and accurately. The technology of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) applied in intelligent transportation system (ITS) is a new promising approach to alleviate this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel detection scheme for urban traffic congestion only by buses. In our scheme, the travel time of bus is used to identify the congestion status. To eliminate the influence of individuals, two methods, T-window Average and N-window Average are designed for calculating the average travel time of buses. Additionally, a congestion line is built to evaluate the traffic condition of detected road segment. All the proposed approaches are validated in a realistic scenario. The simulation results show that our scheme can detect urban traffic congestion effectively.
Transceiver chip design in high voltage 0.25µm CMOS technology for magnetic resonance system

A transceiver IC chip of wireless power transfer is design for wearable device application. The chip forced a VDD of 24V is operated at 11MHz clock rate. The non-overlap clock technique is adopted in chip design for improving the efficiency. To verify the proposed circuit, the chip is implemented by TSMC High Voltage 0.25μm CMOS technology. The testing board is design to measure the IC chip. The driver chip dissipates 23.48W from DC source and deliver a power of 22.73W to 22Ω load. Therefore, the IC chip efficiency is 92.3%. The magnetic resonance coil is design to test the IC chip. The measurement S21 peak is occurred at 5.5MHz in resonance coil.
Adaptive and discriminative metric differential tracking

Matching the visual appearances of the target over consecutive image frames is the most critical issue in video-based object tracking. Choosing an appropriate distance metric for matching determines its accuracy and robustness, and significantly influences the tracking performance. This paper presents a new tracking approach that incorporates adaptive metric into differential tracking method. This new approach automatically learns an optimal distance metric for more accurate matching, and obtains a closed-form analytical solution to motion estimation and differential tracking. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of adaptive metric, and demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed new tracking method.
The Design and Implementation of Special Market-Orientated Integrated E-Business Portal System

The technology of integrated information portal is one of the solutions to the information silo. The portal based on special markets is received more attention. This paper introduces the portal, the features and the development of information portal. A functional structure of the portal information systems for E-business is given by using the technology of society and the concept and methodology of comprehensive integrated system. An example of system module based on Google App Engine also be shown. At last, the importance of system model for integrated information portal based on cloud platform had been discussed.
A statistical field model for pedestrian detection

This paper presents a new statistical model for detecting and tracking deformable objects such as pedestrians, where large shape variations induced by local shape deformation can not be well captured by global methods such as PCA. The proposed model employs a Boltzmann distribution to capture the prior of local deformation, and embeds it into a Markov network which can be learned from data. A mean field variational analysis of this model provides computationally efficient algorithms for computing the likelihood of image observations and facilitate fast model training. Based on that, effective detection and tracking algorithms for deformable objects are proposed and applied to pedestrian detection and tracking. The proposed method has several advantages. Firstly, it captures local deformation well and thus is robust to occlusions and clutter. In addition, it is computationally tractable. Moreover, it divides deformation into local deformation and global deformation, then conquers them by combining bottom-up and top-down methodologies. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for deformable objects.
Research on the Frequency Spectrum of Electric Bicycle DC Fault Arc

This paper presents a new perspective of protection for electric fire in electric bicycles, which is called DC fault arc. This protection scheme is implemented as a part of electrical fire protection device, known as electrical fire protection device. In addition to the conventional protection of short circuit in the electric bicycle, the proposed perspective extends the protection to the arc fault, which perform more important role in the source of fire in this vehicle. Since direct fault arc current is lower than the normal current value, it cannot be discovered by over-current protection. Thus we develop the new perspective of analyzing the frequency spectrum of the current, to obtain the method of detecting arc fault in electric bicycles.
Notice of RetractionResearch on improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm based on space-division and layered search

To improve the efficiency of particle swarm optimization, this paper proposed a novel improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The basic idea is parallel mechanism and space-division and layered search. The main contributions include, divided whole search space into n subares. For certain generations, let the best subarea be the search space. This shrinked the search space to the solution space. Proposed two layers partition of particles, the lower and topper work well for globaland local search respectively. By experiments on four benchmark functions, shows that the new algorithm increases precision by 80.37% compared with island population model PSO.
Effect of Al2O3 additive on formation of PM2.5 in O2/CO2 atmosphere during coal combustion

The influence of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> additive on the emission characteristics of inhalable particles has been studied with a tube furnace. The combustion tests were carried out at 1123K under O<inf>2</inf>/CO<inf>2</inf> conditions. The inhalable particulates after combustion were collected into an Electrical Low Pressure-Impactor (ELPI). Results indicate that Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> additive is an important factor for the formation of PM<inf>2.5</inf> (particulates with diameters less than 2.5µm) during coal combustion under O<inf>2</inf>/CO<inf>2</inf> atmosphere. The number and mass concentrations of PM<inf>1</inf> diminish, but the number and mass concentrations of PM<inf>1–2.5</inf> enhance slightly after Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> is added. The size distributions of PM<inf>2.5</inf> are similar, displaying two peaks around 0.2µm and 2.0µm, respectively. With increasing the additive weight ratio of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, the concentrations of Na, K, Cu and Pb decrease.
Specific features of magnet design for the Duke FEL storage ring

The 1 GeV Duke FEL storage ring is dedicated to drive UV and VUV free electron laser devices. The high brightness and low emittance electron beams needed for these devices demand high performance and tight tolerances on the storage ring magnet lattice. Tight tolerances include close spacing of magnetic elements. We show how combined function magnets are used to eliminate discrete elements and odd shaped end pieces which cause magnetic coupling, saturation and severe undesirable field nonlinearities. Using this scheme we are able to achieve desirable ring dynamic aperture with only minor modification of existing hardware. Also included is a discussion of a non-standard septum magnet with stray field compensation which will be employed by this storage ring. The design, testing procedures, and preliminary results are outlined for this magnet.<<ETX>>
Novel Application and Advantage of Reverse Blind Microvia (RBMV) on PCB

Reverse blind microvia (RBMV) is a upside-down blind microvia that looks similar to a traditional blind microvia; however, RBMV has several features and advantages in real application. RBMV can apply to not only HDI structure but also conventional double side PCB. In multi-layered HDI structure, most 1+N+1 and 2+N+2 structures are accessible by RBMV. In a 1+N+1 HDI structure RBMV will exhibit a flat platform at outer layer after all processes without other complicated processes. With this flat surface, which is also a microvia connecting to the inner layer, via-on-pad or even that via is pad is easy to achieve. This will reduce the board size and increase the circuitry density as well. Due to different processes forming this plane via pad, RBMV could do without the cost of via-filling plating, reducing Cu thickness but still keep the facilitation of image transfer with a adequate Cu thickness. As to the 2+N+2 HDI structure, the second built-up blind microvia can just stand right on the RBMV forming a so-called stacked via. Moreover, even some of the 2+N+2 HDI structures fabricated by only one time lamination are possible. Once applying the RBMV structure to a single-sided or double-sided PCB, since RBMV can form a flat surface on one side of PCB, this flat surface is a good platform for SMD to place on. In addition, with RBMV where one side of a conducting via is sealed, it mask plugging or resin plugging with scrubbing later. And this would be much easier, especially for thinner boards, to prevent molding compound or solder to penetrate through mechanical drilling holes.
Study on the interactive relationship between specialized market and industrial clusters of textiles and clothing in China

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the textiles and clothing industry cluster and specialized market influence each other. This research observed and documented a case study of industry development in Changshu of Jiangsu province. Through the analysis, the researchers summarized the factors that account for significantly improvement of competiveness of clothing industry in Changshu. The research indicates that the relationship between industrial cluster and specialized market is interdependent and mutually promotive. As the industry is one pillar of China's economy, it's important to study this interactive mechanism for further growth of the industry in a global competition situation.
VLSI architecture design for a fast parallel label assignment in binary image

We propose a new connected component labeling method based on a 3/spl times/4 window for a binary image. This method possesses parallel processing to achieve high speed operation. According to the proposed method, we design an efficient VLSI architecture which only uses two process elements and a class storage array to complete the whole label assignment after two raster scans. From experimental results, our design has better performance in terms of hardware cost and speed. This architecture has been verified on FPGA. It takes 6120 logic elements and its working frequency is about 80 MHz.
A Zn2+/ UV-inspired molecular logic function based on an organic/inorganic hybrid materials

In this paper, one simple binaphthyl-bridged salicylidene Schiff base (2,2'-bis(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BCHB)) was successfully modified into the channel of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15. Detailed characterizations demonstrated that the inner channel of SBA-15 was firstly functionalized with 3-aminapropyltriethoxysilane, then the functional molecule BCHB was anchored through the hydrogen bond assembly. During these processes the hexagonally ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 has not been destroyed. Furthermore, the organic/inorganic hybrid material exhibits selectively recognition for Zn2+ upon other metal ions. Moreover, stimulated by the inputs of Zn2+ and UV irradiation, an INHIBIT logic gate can also be performed with fluorescence emission as the output.
InGaAs-InP DHBTs for increased digital IC bandwidth having a 391-GHz f/sub /spl tau// and 505-GHz f/sub max/

InP-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT) have been designed for use in high bandwidth digital and analog circuits, and fabricated using a conventional mesa structure. These devices exhibit a maximum 391-GHz f/sub /spl tau// and 505-GHz f/sub max/, which is the highest f/sub /spl tau// reported for an InP DHBT-as well as the highest simultaneous f/sub /spl tau// and f/sub max/ for any mesa HBT. The devices have been aggressively scaled laterally for reduced base-collector capacitance C/sub cb/. In addition, the base sheet resistance /spl rho//sub s/ along with the base and emitter contact resistivities /spl rho//sub c/ have been lowered. The dc current gain /spl beta/ is /spl ap/36 and V/sub BR,CEO/=5.1 V. The devices reported here employ a 30-nm highly doped InGaAs base, and a 150-nm collector containing an InGaAs-InAlAs superlattice grade at the base-collector junction. From this device design we also report a 142-GHz static frequency divider (a digital figure of merit for a device technology) fabricated on the same wafer. The divider operation is fully static, operating from f/sub clk/=3 to 142.0 GHz while dissipating /spl ap/800 mW of power in the circuit core. The circuit employs single-buffered emitter coupled logic (ECL) and inductive peaking. A microstrip wiring environment is employed for high interconnect density, and to minimize loss and impedance mismatch at frequencies >100 GHz.
Notice of RetractionStudy on Storage Methods on the Storage Navel Orange Long Time at Room Temperature

This study had conducted a comparative study on storage navel orange with three kinds of storage methods. The effect of preservation with three kinds of storage methods on the storage navel orange long time at room temperature had been discussed through the change trend of main organic content(such as soluble solids content, vitamin C content, total sugar content, titratable acid content), weightlessness rate and rot rate during storage of navel orange.The results showed that the weightlessness rate of navel orange storage by the first storage method was 5.26%, which is greater than the 4%, that was to say, the value of navel orange had been lost; it could storage navel orange long time at room temperature use the second Storage method and third Storage method,further,later method is better than the former.
An experimental study on the stiffness of size-isolated microbubbles using atomic force microscopy

To fully assess contrast-enhanced acoustic bioeffects in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the mechanical properties of microbubbles need to be considered. In the present study, direct measurements of the microbubble stiffness were performed using atomic force microscopy by applying nanoscale compressions (up to 25 nN/s) on size-isolated, lipidcoated microbubbles (diameter ranges of 4 to 6 μm and 6 to 8 μm). The stiffness was found to lie between 4 and 22 mN/m and to decrease exponentially with the microbubble size within the diameter range investigated. No cantilever spring constant effect was found on the measured stiffness. The Young's modulus of the size-isolated microbubbles used in our study ranged between 0.4 and 2 MPa. Microstructures on the surface of the microbubbles were found to influence the overall microbubble elasticity. Our results indicated that more detailed theoretical models are needed to account for the size-dependent microbubble mechanical properties to accurately predict their acoustic behavior. The findings provided useful insights into guidance of cavitation-induced drug and gene delivery and could be used as part of the framework in studies on the shear stresses induced on the blood vessel walls by oscillating microbubbles.
Strain relaxation and dislocation filtering in metamorphic HBT and HEMT structures grown on GaAs substrates by MBE

The production of InP-based epiwafers on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy is achieved through the use of metamorphic buffers (M-buffers) consisting of graded InAlAs or bulk InP layers. Each M-buffer demonstrates a unique surface morphology and strain relaxation mechanism, as demonstrated by AFM, SEM, and TEM. HEMTs and HBTs were grown on GaAs substrates using the two M-buffers, and their transport properties and dc parameters were compared with baseline structures grown on InP substrates. The structures grown with the InAlAs M-buffer were much closer to the baseline than those grown using the InP M-buffer. Incomplete dislocation filtering in the InP M-buffer may be the source of this degradation.
Overcoming Disadvantages by Making Full Use of Extrinsic Objects: Advancing Information Resource Construction by ISA

Information Resource Management (IRM) is one of the key factors for the company to success. Information system is the important way of IRM, but the phenomena of low-return and high failure rate still exist, and the utilization rate of Information Resource is still relatively low. Information System Audit (ISA), through a comprehensive audit of the system and its application, could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of IRM to a certain extent. In this paper, it is introduced of the generation, development and the main contents of ISA. Then, from the perspective of ISA, the status quo of IRM is analyzed. Aiming at dealing with the problems, the solutions of using theories of ISA to improve the IRM are discussed.
A new model on the mechanisms of high-frequency AC hot-carrier effects in MOS devices

A self-consistent qualitative model for the degradation and mechanism of high-frequency AC hot-carrier effects has been successfully developed and experimentally verified. According to the model, hot electrons are injected to break the Si-H bounds and produce the trivalent silicon. Subsequently, hole trapping and electron trapping with the trivalent silicon occur and the released energy produces interface states in the channel region. This leads to the degradation in DDD and LDD MOSFETs. But hot-electron-induced charge trapping also occurs in the n/sup -/ region of LDD MOSFETs, which causes G/sub m/ degradation. Applying the developed model, degradation behaviors and mechanism in AC stress can be well explained. Moreover, worst-case inverter-like stress in DDD MOSFETs is shown to have a greater degradation than the DC stress. Maximum degradation in MOSFETs has been observed at certain frequencies.<<ETX>>
Gabor-based multi-scale Illumination Normalization model for face recognition

A novel Gabor-based multi-scale illumination normalization (GMSIN) model is proposed and applied to face recognition. GMSIN uses Total variation under different norm constraints. It removes the lighting effect in two scale parts of image and fuses the multi-scaled illumination invariant features. Then a bank of Gabor filters is built to extract lighting invariant Gabor face representations. Finally the higher-order statistical relationships among variables of samples are extracted for classifier. According to the experiments on the large scale CAS-PEAL face database, GMSIN could outperform conventional algorithms when they face most outliers (lighting, expression, masking etc.).
Beam position monitors for Duke FEL storage ring

The Duke FEL storage ring is a 1 GeV electron ring, which is designed for driving UV-VUV free electron lasers. The ring has been in operation since November of 1994 but the beam position monitors (BPMs) were connected and operated just recently. The BPM pick-ups are 4 stripline electrodes. In order to reduce the higher-order-mode loss excited by the stored beam at the BPM pick-up area, the BPM vacuum chamber is designed with 4 grounding strips between the electrodes that have the same diameters as the electrode. This design allows the electron beam to see a much smoother vacuum chamber at the BPM area. The pick-up signals are processed by Bergoz's electronic modules, which give X/Y outputs directly. Each BPM has its own process module and 34 modules have been connected to the EPICS control system. The beam orbit now can be displayed and corrected through EPICS in the control room. The system performance and the test data are presented in this paper.
Modeling and performance analysis of the new contactless power supply system

New contactless power supply system realizes contactless power transmission by the combination of electromagnetic inductive coupling and power electronic techniques. Modeling of the system is done by the fundamental mode approximation method and mutual inductance model, which provide a simplified analysis of the system. The effects that operational frequency, different primary and secondary compensation topologies and load resistance have on system performance have been analyzed. Results show that secondary compensation can improve the power transfer capability greatly, while primary compensation can reduce the required VA rating of the power supply obviously, which is a major system cost
A 103fsrms 1.32mW 50MS/s 1.25MHz bandwidth two-step flash-ΔΣ time-to-digital converter for ADPLL

A 50-MS/s two-step flash-ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC) using a 2-channel time-interleaved time-domain register with an implicit adder/subtractor demonstrates a 3rd order noise-shaping. The TDC is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS and consumes 1.2 mA from a 1.1 V supply. At frequencies below 1.25 MHz, the TDC error integrates to 103 fsrms, which is equal to an equivalent resolution of 1.6 ps.
Arrayed metallic micro/nano particles for localized surface plasmon resonance based on metal contact transfer lithography

In this study, we demonstrate a rapidly, low cost, and mass production process to fabricate arrayed metallic nanoparticles on a variety of substrates based on contact transfer and metal mask embedded lithography (CMEL). A hexagonal arrayed metallic nanoparticles deployed on ITO/glass substrate with sub-micron periodicity is achieved. It is observed in optical transmittance measurements that noble metallic arrayed nanoparticles deployed on ITO/glass substrate result in a spectrally narrowband of extinction in visible range, and is in good agreement with the simulated results using finite-element method (FEM). It is found that the narrowband extinction spectrum is associated with electromagnetic field coupling between the arrayed metallic nanostructures and the ITO layer. This electromagnetic field coupling induces significant plasmon resonance in the ITO layer underneath the arrayed metallic nanostructures. Based on this observed phenomenon and our innovative large-area nano-fabrication processes, optoelectronic devices with arrayed metallic nanostructures can be easily designed and developed.
Adoption of Internet Banking: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

Internet banking is growing faster than other e-commerce sectors and has emerged as an evolution in applied banking technology. This study investigates the factors influencing customer intention regarding Internet banking services in Vietnam using elements of an extended technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behaviors. The results indicate that a set of components (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude toward use) may lead to an acceptable intention to use Internet banking services in Vietnam. The study's results are expected to help banks understand the critical factors influencing Internet banking usage and to contribute to the creation of competitive promotional campaigns in Vietnam.