nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Network Layer for Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Based on Assignment Router Identity Protocol

Customers have complained that malicious nodes are mounting increasingly sophisticated attacking operations in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It is obvious that the IP-based MANETs are vulnerable to attacks and therefore are insecure. In this paper, we design a novel assignment router identity protocol (ARIP) to establish a new layer of network architecture and to take full advantage of Dynamic Hybrid Multi Routing Protocol that we have recently developed for MANETs . A new Identity in the flexible namespace of ARIP enhances the limit in forming prevention line in the security of MANET. A complete architecture is then derived as an instantiation of router identity routing protocol (RIRP) model whose architecture satisfies the condition of ARIP model in order to use this new Identify for routers/hosts. All applications in RIRP deal with this new Identity instead of the vulnerable IP addresses and therefore provide the security embedded seamlessly into the overall network architecture. The proposed RIRP have been implemented on the simulator Glomosim. Simulation results show that RIRP has some great impact on routing performance comparing with DHMRP.
A joint ECC based media error and authentication protection scheme

This paper presents a novel content-aware joint media error and authentication protection scheme based on error correcting coding (ECC). The innovation of the proposed scheme lies in the true joint design of error protection and authentication verification. This is fundamentally different from many existing schemes in which they consider media authentication separately from other media processing components such as error protection in media communication systems. By making use of the channel information and integrating the authentication with error protection necessary in contemporary media communication systems, we are able to achieve 100% complete verification with low authentication overhead. With such integration, the end-to-end media quality and media security guarantee can be obtained. Based on this joint error and authentication protection framework, an optimal rate allocation algorithm under certain source and channel models is also developed. Simulations based on JPEG 2000 images have been carried out to validate the proposed scheme and the simulation results show that the proposed approach is indeed able to achieve simultaneous error and authentication protection for JPEG 2000 images.
QoE in Video Transmission: A User Experience-Driven Strategy

The increasing popularity of video (i.e., audio-visual) applications or services over both wired and wireless links has prompted recent growing interests in the investigations of quality of experience (QoE) in online video transmission. Conventional video quality metrics, such as peak-signal-to-noise-ratio and quality of service, only focus on the reception quality from the systematic perspective. As a result, they cannot represent the true visual experience of an individual user. Instead, the QoE introduces a user experience-driven strategy which puts special emphasis on the contextual and human factors in addition to the transmission system. This advantage has raised the popularity and widespread usage of QoE in video transmission. In this paper, we present an overview of selected issues pertaining to QoE and its recent applications in video transmission, with consideration of the compelling features of QoE (i.e., context and human factors). The selected issues include QoE modeling with influence factors in the end-to-end chain of video transmission, QoE assessment (including subjective test and objective QoE monitoring) and QoE management of video transmission over different types of networks. Through the literature review, we observe that the context and human factors in QoE-aware video transmission have attracted significant attentions since the past two to three years. A vast number of high quality works were published in this area, and will be highlighted in this survey. In addition to a thorough summary of recent progresses, we also present an outlook of future developments on QoE assessment and management in video transmission, especially focusing on the context and human factors that have not been addressed yet and the technical challenges that have not been completely solved so far. We believe that our overview and findings can provide a timely perspective on the related issues and the future research directions in QoE-oriented services over video communications.
A new channel simulation model for fast moving terminals

In the current broadband multimedia applications, researchers and practitioners have mainly focused their designs on coping with static or slowly evolving traffic demands. Even though many such applications involve fast moving terminals, fast moving traffic conditions have not yet been taken into account which results in unrealistic simulations. It is therefore imperative to design a new channel simulation model in the fast moving scenario for systematic performance evaluations. Existing models for simulation of fast fading channels use only maximum Doppler frequency to represent the effect caused by the maximum moving speed of the terminal without considering the effect of the changes in the magnitude and the direction of motion. Such simplified assumption is in strong contrast with real-world communication systems in which the velocity of a moving terminal may change in both magnitude and direction in the duration of transmission. We propose in this paper a novel model for the simulation of Rayleigh fading channel in fast moving scenario. The model is based on the sum-of-sinusoids method and accounts for the fresh channel characteristics due to the changes in the magnitude and direction of the terminal's velocity on an instant-by-instant basis. The statistical analysis of the proposed channel model demonstrates that the proposed model not only is more suitable for simulating fast moving scenario, but also can be considered as a more general model for Rayleigh fading channels. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages and the efficiency of the proposed model for characterizing more practical communication systems.
Complexity reduced turbo decoding with concatenated detection codes

In this paper, we present a complexity reduced turbo decoding method by using concatenated error detection codes with the turbo codes. First, a large data frame for turbo encoding is divided into multiple small packets followed by cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits. The essential idea is to fully utilize the interim CRC detection results inside the turbo decoding. Trellis constraints are exploited to redesign the turbo decoding algorithms so that a large reduction in computational complexity, as well as an excellent decoding performance, can be achieved. Experimental results over the constrained log-MAP algorithm is provided. However, the idea proposed in the research is generic to any trellis-related decoding algorithms when the decoder has the knowledge that some of bits have been correctly decoded. Furthermore, the error localization feature provided by this method is also important to applications such as source data post-processing and hybrid-ARQ.
A joint visual-inertial image registration for mobile HDR imaging

Robust image alignment is a necessary and challenging step for numerous computational photography applications. In particular, large camera motion poses significant challenge to Mobile High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging due to hand-held capture of input images and limited computational resources. Aligning images only by detecting and matching image features is computationally expensive and can also be erratic. We present a robust multi-sensory method for aligning exposure bracketed images on mobile cameras. We use inertial sensor based camera pose estimate to pre-warp images and iteratively align them by minimizing alignment error. We also simultaneously estimate local motion masks which can be used to eliminate ghosting artifacts in the final HDR image. We collected HDR image dataset with diverse scenes along with inertial sensor data, which is a novel contribution and have evaluated our performance with existing mobile HDR image alignment techniques in literature.
A study on perception of mobile video with surrounding contextual influences

Contemporary users have been viewing video contents via mobile devices from virtually anywhere and at any time. One common experience these mobile users feel is the significant difference in visual perception when viewing context changes, e.g. from indoor to outdoor. Conventional video quality assessment (VQA) defined under ITU-T recommendations outlines a set of evaluation conditions that need to be strictly followed. These conditions, including viewing distance, room illumination, display brightness and chromaticity of background are historically tuned to simulate the living room television viewing scenario. In this paper, we first present a set of contextual factors that are unique for mobile video and are substantially different from conventional living room evaluation conditions. We design and perform a series of subjective tests to evaluate the influence of these contextual factors that frequently encountered in the case of mobile video. These evaluation results show that (1) perceptual quality is highly correlated with the con-text factors; (2) with the presence of the contextual visual interference, the viewers shall spot less video signal distortion and have lower expectations on the quality of mobile video. We then pro-pose a VQA model based on the Just Noticeable Distortion (JND) theory and we prove that this model is able to provide context aware prediction of perceived mobile video quality. Finally, we also discuss its application of this VQA model in the design of video transmission systems.
Rate-reduction transcoding design for wireless video streaming

This paper presents two types of techniques suitable for rate-reduction transcoding for wireless video streaming applications. We begin this paper by reviewing existing approaches and addressing several issues related to transcoding. Next, we describe the first type of transcoding based on intra refresh architecture for spatial resolution reduction. Then, we present the second type of transcoding scheme based on rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics of the pre-encoded video. This R-D based approach can be applied to architecture simplification, rate control, frame dropping control, and channel adaptive transcoding. We conclude this paper by pointing out that transcoding is an integral part of wireless video streaming because it provide a flexible interface between the wired network and the wireless network.
A trellis-based technique for blind channel estimation and equalization

In this paper, we present a trellis-based blind channel estimation and equalization technique coupling two kinds of adaptive Viterbi algorithms. First, the initial blind channel estimation is accomplished by incorporating the list parallel Viterbi algorithm with the least mean square (LMS) updating approach. In this operation, multiple trellis mappings are preserved simultaneously and ranked in terms of path metrics. Equivalently, multiple channel estimates are maintained and updated once a single symbol is received. Second, the best channel estimate from the above operation will be adopted to set up the whole trellis. The conventional adaptive Viterbi algorithm is then applied to detect the signal and further update the channel estimate alternately. A small delay is introduced for the symbol detection and the decision feedback to smooth the noise impact. An automatic switch between the above two operations is also proposed by exploiting the evolution of path metrics and the linear constraint inherent in the trellis mapping. Simulation has shown an overall excellent performance of the proposed scheme in terms of mean square error (MSE) for channel estimation, robustness to the initial channel guess, computational complexity, and channel equalization.
Panorama of Multimedia Coding and Processing

R. Steinmetz and K. Nahrstedt, Multimedia Fundamentals, Volume 1: Multimedia Coding and Content Processing, Prentice Hall IMSC Press, 2002, $59, 275 pp., ISBN 0-13031399-8. The authors of this book set out to perform a daunting task: defining exactly what is fundamental in multimedia, when it’s vastly intertwined with and integral to so many disciplines. For decades the field of multimedia technology has been at the emerging point of several fastdeveloping industries—including telecommunications, computing, consumer electronics, entertainment, and publishing. Although each person has his or her own take on what multimedia is, for most people multimedia means the combination of two or more continuous media that need to be played during some well-defined time sequences, possibly with some user interaction. Practically, we often deal with two familiar media types—audio and video—in a time-synchronized fashion. Because of the time-sequential nature and variety, the multimedia field covers areas ranging from devices to systems and from services to applications. Even for the fundamentals of multimedia, a single book cannot adequately cover many essential topics. Keeping this in mind, Steinmetz and Nahrstedt decided to split the content about multimedia system fundamentals into three volumes. I’m reviewing the first volume that deals with media coding and content processing, the two most basic topics about multimedia. The second volume will describe media processing and communication and the third will present topics in multimedia documents, security, and various applications.
An Efficient Stopping Criterion for Turbo Product Codes

In this letter, a stopping criterion using the error- detecting capability of linear block codes is proposed for the decoding of turbo product codes. The iterative decoding is stopped when the outputs from the Chase decoder are valid codewords for all rows and columns simultaneously. Simulation shows that the proposed method can reduce about one and half iterations compared with an existing stopping method, without noticeable BER performance loss. Some modification has also been discussed which may further reduce the decoding complexity.
QoS-driven and Fair Downlink Scheduling for Video Streaming over LTE Networks with Deadline and Hard Hand-off

Long-term evolution (LTE) represents a promising technique for ubiquitous multimedia communication because of its significant enhancement to the data transmission rate. However, the hard hand-off (HO) procedure standardized in LTE is a menace to multimedia quality of service (QoS), due to the service interruption introduced by the procedure. Thus, one major challenge of such a system is to design an effective scheduler that can guarantee quality-of-service (QoS) to users under various mobility scenarios, including the hard HO procedure. Existing downlink scheduling approaches do not consider the characteristics of the video sources together with the service degradation evoked by hard HO, and therefore are unable to meet the QoS requirements of multimedia consumers. In this paper, we develop a QoS-driven downlink scheduling scheme for video streaming that considers both QoS metrics of video packet deadline and hard HO service degradation, in order to guarantee the QoS requirements of multimedia consumers. It will be demonstrated that the proposed scheduler is not only able to achieve satisfactory QoS for users during HO period, but also offers fairness for both multimedia traffic and regular data traffic. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Distributed source coding in wireless sensor networks

This paper offers a practical distributed data compression in wireless sensor networks based on convolutional code and turbo code. An improved Viterbi algorithm for distributed source coding (VA-DSC) is proposed to take the advantage of the known parity bits at the decoder. When the algorithm is applied to recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) and turbo codes, it can decrease both the decoding error probability and the computation complexity. Also a scheme of applying distributed source coding to wireless sensor networks is proposed to ensure receiving the data correctly as well as reducing the energy consumption in the networks
Playback interruption probability analysis for Roadside-to-Vehicle media streaming

In this paper, we propose a novel analytical framework for Roadside-to-Vehicle (R2V) media streaming to investigate the interruption probability when playback is performed at a vehicle. The results from such analysis can be used to design an R2V media streaming system with minimum interruption probability. We first introduce a general time-dependent queue model G(t)/G/1 to describe the playout buffer at the vehicle. This model characterizes the dynamic wireless channel conditions in a vehicular environment with time-varying packet arrival intervals. Based on the statistically monotonic behavior of the channel rates as the vehicle moves towards and away from a roadside Access Point (AP), we are able to derive the upper and lower bounds of the interruption probability through a time-dependent queuing analysis with diffusion approximation when the startup state is given. The parameters of startup state include startup delay and the number of cached packets in the playout buffer before playback. We divide the period during which the vehicle is guaranteed with low playback interruption probability into small time intervals. This way, the analysis of the G(t)/G/1 system can be decomposed into a series of transient analysis of stationary G/G/1 systems in a sequential fashion. For each stationary G/G/1 system, diffusion approximation with specified initial conditions is applied to obtain the transient queue length and the interruption probability of the playback. This scheme can be easily implemented since it only requires limited statistical information about fading channel and the playback statistics, such as mean and variance of the rate. The proposed analytical framework has been validated to show accurate characterization of the R2V media streaming system with extensive simulations.
Distributed image coding based on integrated Markov modeling and LDPC decoding

We present in this paper a novel distributed image coding scheme by exploiting image spatial correlation via Markov modeling at the decoding end. The exploitation of image statistics at the decoding end allows us to design a simple yet efficient encoder suitable for various energy efficient imaging sensor network applications. Existing distributed coding schemes developed for imaging sensor networks mostly attempt to exploit inter-image correlation. We develop in this research an integration of LDPC decoding and Markov model estimation in order to jointly exploit both inter-image and intra-image correlation. Simulations have been carried out to demonstrate that this Markov model-based approach is able to achieve significant gains over the schemes without Markov model. The simulation results also show that the 2D Markov model is able to achieve additional gains over the 1D Markov model.
A high performance VBR coding algorithm for fixed size storage applications

We propose a novel variable bit rate (VBR) algorithm that adopts two-pass VBR encoding to implement high performance coding for fixed size storage applications. In the first pass encoding, we use the original frame as the reference frame to compute motion estimation so that the exact relationship between the amount of bits generated for each frame (Rate) and each possible quantization factor (Q) can be obtained. With this R-Q function, we are able to optimize the quantization factor throughout an entire sequence according to the constraints of the storage size and the decoder buffer size before the second pass encoding is executed. In addition, the decoder is able to prevent the buffer from overflowing by pausing the operation of reading the bit stream into the buffer at some specific time. In the second pass encoding, the selected quantization factors for all the frames will be used to encode the entire video sequence as a free VBR encoder. Experimental results show that the proposed VBR encoding can provide more consistent visual quality as well as significantly improved coding efficiency.
New insights into improving compression efficiency for distributed video coding

In this paper, we investigate a fundamental issue in the distributed video coding (DVC) that, once resolved, would substantially improve the compression efficiency in DVC. This fundamental issue is the underlining relation between the distribution of the prediction errors and the compression efficiency of DVC. In the current approach to DVC, after the construction of prediction frame at decoder, the difference between the prediction and the current frames, or the prediction error, is inversely proportional to the correlation between these frames. Most existing approaches in DVC attempt to maximize such correlation, or to minimize the prediction error, in order to achieve the desired video compression efficiency. Recently, the research in DVC has reached a plateau in terms of its performance in coding efficiency. We believe one key solution to take DVC out of such performance plateau will be to design a better scheme to represent the correlation more effectively in DVC. In this research, we have worked out compelling theoretical analysis and proved that, in order to reduce the number of bits to be sent to decoder, the distribution of the prediction errors needs to be as concentrated as possible. From the practical point of view, we also show that the error control codes adopted for DVC will achieve higher efficiency when the distribution of prediction errors is more concentrated.
Effective and efficient visual stimuli design for quantitative autism screening: An exploratory study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common childhood developmental disorders. Early detection and intervention for ASD are critical for increasing child success. In the past decade, utilizing the abnormal eye gaze characteristics of children with autism in regard to certain visual stimuli is emerging as a screening approach due to its cost-efficiency and promising accuracy. However, the effect of visual stimulus on children with ASD has not been considered as a diagnostic consideration in the past. In this paper, we first create a visual stimuli database based on an extensive literature review, then we examine the impact of picture stimuli and exposure time on the quantitative accuracy of screenings for ASD. This is done by extracting gaze distribution in a 2D space and comparing children with ASD to typical peers using the 1st Wasserstein distance. A group of 32 participants with ASD and typical development (TD) were recruited for the study. The f-score accuracy results demonstrate the impact of implementing visual stimulus on screening for ASD. Our study demonstrates that the parsing of “social scene” stimulus with 5-second exposure time has the best performance at 98.24%.