nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes under high-order modulation

Improving the spectral efficiency as far as possible while guaranteeing communication quality by channel coding becomes the development direction of the communication system. This paper studies the application of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes under high-order modulation, which not only considers improving the reliability of communication through the LDPC channel coding, but also taking the effectiveness of communication by using high-order modulation. A detailed analysis is given for two methods of the calculation of initialization information for the LLR-BP algorithm under high-order modulation: component calculation and Euclidean distance calculation. The first method is deduced in detail by taking 16APSK modulation as an example. Finally, simulations are done to verify the decoding performance of LDPC code under high-order modulation. We do the simulations combining with QPSK, 8PSK, and 16APSK. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the first method. The performance of two methods is similar.
A novel moving object segmentation algorithm based on spatiotemporal Markov random field

In the field of image processing, the segmentation of moving object in video sequences has attracted much interest in recent years. In this paper, a novel method of moving object segmentation based on spatio-temporal Markov random field is proposed. In this method, two initial label fields are firstly derived from the three successive images, after which the uniform label is obtained after the AND-operation on the two initial labels. Finally, the optimized labels are obtained with the maximum a posteriori method where the color clustered image of the original image is used as priors. The new MRF model contributes to the weakening of the noise and to the elimination of the covered-uncovered background and to the recovery of the uniform moving regions.
Design and Performance Enhancements in Communication-Based Train Control Systems With Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception

A communication-based train control (CBTC) system is an automated train control system that uses bidirectional train-ground communications to ensure the safe operation of rail vehicles. CBTC systems have stringent requirements for communication availability and latency. Due to unreliable wireless communications and frequent handoffs, existing CBTC systems can severely affect train control performance, train operation efficiency, and the utility of railways. In this paper, we use recent advances in coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP) to enhance the train control performance of CBTC systems. With CoMP, a train can communicate with a cluster of base stations (BSs) simultaneously, which is different from the current CBTC systems, where a train can only communicate with a single BS at any given time. In addition, unlike the existing works on CoMP, in this paper, the linear quadratic cost for the train control performance in CBTC systems is considered the performance measure. We jointly consider the BS cluster selection and handoff decision issues in CBTC systems. Moreover, in order to mitigate the impacts of communication latency on train control performance, we propose an optimal guidance trajectory calculation scheme in the train control procedure that takes full consideration of the tracking error caused by handoff latency. Simulation results show that train control performance can be substantially improved in our proposed CBTC system with CoMP.
A New Simplex Wave Winding Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Machine

A new simplex wave winding permanent-magnet (PM) brushless DC machine is proposed in this paper. Besides PM excitation and electric commutation, the machine has close-connected winding identical to the brushed DC machine. By properly controlling the power electronic switch status, the current direction of coils under N or S pole is unchanged. Thus, the new machine's operation principle is exactly as same as the brushed DC machine. Furthermore, as the adoption of PM and electric commutation, the new machine can be designed with larger pole number and lower slot number per pole, which respectively leads to less iron yoke and shorter end winding. Therefore, the proposed new machine not only keeps the characteristics of a brushed DC machine, but also improves the efficiency and power density. A 200 W, 10-pole, and 11-slot new machine is designed, prototyped, and tested to verify the analysis.
Diagnosis for Transformer Faults Based on Combinatorial Bayes Network

A novel specific transformer fault diagnostic method based on combinatorial Bayesian network method with AdaBoostM1 is proposed in this paper and a combinatorial transformer diagnostic tree augmented naive Bayes (TAN) model is set up. AdaBoostM1 algorithm can improve the classification performance. The different TAN classifiers can be seen as a series of basic classifiers and are iterated through boosting. Based on the discussion of fault classification methods and a bias analysis of dissolved gas data of thirteen usual transformer faults, a combinatorial Bayesian network using boosting algorithm is introduced to realize the multi-resolution recognition of the insulation faults, which not only can make the fault diagnosis be more exact. Moreover, by comparing with the other method like naive Bayes, the proposed model reduces the error ratio, and recognition results show that this model is effective.
Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polyacrylic Acid Resin IV Nanofibers

The present paper investigated the preparation and characterization of electrospun polyacrylic acid resin &#8547; nanofiber. The electrospinnability of polyacrylic acid resin &#8547; in N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc), ethanol, methanol, and the mixed solvents of DMAc and methanol with different ratios were examined. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was carried out to observe the morphology of the nanofibers. The results demonstrated that polyacrylic acid resin &#8547; was able to be electrospun into ultrafine fibers when the solvents were ethanol, methanol, or mixed solvents of methanol and DMAc with ratios of 9:1, 7:3, 5:5 and 3:7. when the concentration of polyarylic acid resin &#8547; was at a fixed concentration of 30%(w/v)&#65292;the electrospun fiber mats had the best morphology by using a mixed solvents of methanol and DMAc with a ratio of 7:3. The results obtained here showed that the polyarylic acid resin &#8547; nanofibers could be promising for preparing ultrafine medicated fibers and the corresponding colon-targeted or sustained-release drug delivery systems.
Analysis and Design of Single-Stage AC/DC $LLC$ Resonant Converter

Analysis and design of a single-stage LLC resonant converter are proposed. A single-stage converter uses only one control signal to drive two power converters, a power factor corrector (PFC) converter and a dc/dc converter, for reducing the cost of the system. However, this simplicity induces power imbalance between two converters, and then, the bus voltage between two converters drifts and becomes unpredictable. To ensure that the bus capacitor voltage can be kept in a tolerable region, the characteristics of a PFC converter and an LLC tank are investigated, and then, a design procedure is proposed correspondingly. Finally, a single-stage LLC resonant converter is implemented to verify the analysis.
A compact waveguide diplexer employing dual-band resonators

This paper outlines a new class of diplexers realized using a combination of dual-band cavities and single-band cavities. The proposed diplexer does not require junctions and can achieve similar performance with fewer cavities, thus significantly reducing the size of the diplexer when compared to traditional approaches. The concept is potentially applicable to most dual-band cavities as demonstrated in this paper using rectangular waveguide cavities. A unique layout is proposed that combines the use of dual-band cavities operating in TE101 and TE011 modes as well as single-band cavities operating in TE101 or TE102 mode. The result is a diplexer that is very compact in size while offering increased Q and an improved spurious free window. To verify the concept a 4th order Ku-band diplexer is designed, manufactured, and tested to allow comparison to a traditional design.
Rough Set Theory for Data Mining for Fault Diagnosis on Power Transformer

Because the testing data of power transformers for their condition evaluation have uncertainty characteristic, and there is little knowledge and human experience on transformer fault diagnosis, the rough set theory is used to diagnose transformers. This paper presents a new type fault decision model based on rough set theory. The traditional dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA) for power transformers' condition evaluation and rough set theory based fault diagnosis are combined in the diagnostic model. The results of using the proposed model to analyze some known samples of testing data of faulty transformers shows that the model possesses strong solving ability to deal with uncertain facts. Moreover, by comparing with popular diagnosis methods like Naive Bayes classification, there is less fault data discriminated by the rough set model and the accuracy for power transformer fault diagnosis is improved using our proposed model
The Improvement of QKD Scheme Based on BB84 Protocol

In order to solve the low key distribution efficiency problem of the BB84 protocol, an improved BB84 quantum key distribution scheme is presented in this paper. Firstly the same polarization basis is used by the sender and the receiver with the consistent agreement. This process could make quantum key distribution rate higher. Then signature combined with the error correction method based on the odd and even parity is used to ensure the safety of the transmission. The analyses results indicate that the advantage of the improved scheme lies in that the all photons sent to Bob by Alice are useful. It can not only reduce the time extracting the original key, but also solve the authentication problem in the process of communication. The key distribution efficiency is two times of the original BB84 protocol improved scheme.
Spectral method for prediction of chatter stability in low radial immersion milling

The aim of this paper is to develop an integral equation based spectral method for prediction of chatter stability in low radial immersion milling. First, the delay-differential equation with time-periodic coefficients governing the dynamic milling process is transformed into the integral equation. Then, the duration of one tooth period is divided into the free vibration and the forced vibration processes. While the former one has an analytical solution, the discretization technique is explored to approximate the solution of the latter one. After the forced vibration duration being equally discretized, the Gauss-Legendre formula is used to discretize the definite integral, in the meantime the Lagrange interpolation is adopted for approximating the state item and the time-delay item by using the corresponding discretized state points and time-delay state points. The approximate Floquet transition matrix is thereafter constructed to predict the milling stability based on the Floquet theory. The benchmark examples are utilized to verify the proposed method. Compared with previous time domain methods, the proposed method enables higher rate of convergence. The results also demonstrate that the proposed method is high-effective.
Surface characterization analysis of inner mongolia plateau area (China) as potential satellite calibration sites, using MODIS(Terra and Aqua) instrument

A good calibration of satellite is necessary to derive reliable quantitative measurements of the surface parameters or to compare data obtain from different sensors. DCSRS (Demonstration Center for Spaceborne Remote Sensing of China National Space Administration) went to inner-Mongolia Plateau to seek fairly uniform reflectance sites as a part of Beijing multifunctional test site network in May and October 2006, and four quite flat and homogenous sites were selected as potential test sites. These four sites have many good calibration site characteristics: they are large and flat; the rain is little and the evaporation is much larger than precipitation, so the water vapor content is little in atmosphere; the elevation is about 1100 m and the weather is sunny in most time. In this study, more than 200 MODIS level 1 images of these four sites were obtained and the average reflectance and relative mean squared deviation of each image were calculated. In the end, the variation of reflectance with solar zenith, month and season were analyzed, and the result was consistent with in-situ investigation.
An Ants Intelligent Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Network

For lack of suitable routing protocol, wireless mesh network as a next generation network uses the ad hoc's instead. This paper proposes an ants intelligence routing (AIR) protocol for wireless mesh network by establishing ants agent on each wireless router. AIR agent maintains status of local links by exchanging Hello messages periodically, dispatches ant packets to search for routings on-demand and reverse back to the originator to obtain routings. AIR selects and updates routings based on concept of ants pheromone which is related to real time property of wireless links. Compared with AODV and OLSR, simulation experiments show that AIR has lower overhead, good throughput, acceptable delay and packet delivery ratio, is suitable for WMN with self-organized, self-adaptive characteristics.
Research on Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Mahout

Recommendation system has been applied in many fields, such as Human Computer Interaction, Information Retrieval, and so on. Essentially speaking, these are based on data mining. Among the many algorithms used in the recommendation system, collaborative filtering algorithm is one of the most mature and most widely used algorithm. With the coming of big data era, a variety of recommendation algorithm surge, and distributed recommendation algorithm has become a hot research topic. As a sub project of Hadoop , Mahout is also very obvious to support collaborative filtering algorithm. In order to deeply analyze the operation principle and the use effect of Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm in mahout, we designed a combination model composed of the recommender and the similarity measure. Using the custom data set, we write some Java classes to test collaborative filtering algorithm based on user and the collaborative filtering algorithm based on the item, the experimental results shows that our combination model get a better classification effect .
A Kd-Tree Based Dynamic Indexing Scheme for Video Retrieval and Geometry Matching

Efficient indexing is a key in content-based video retrieval solutions. In this paper we propose a new dynamic indexing scheme based on the kd-tree structure. Video sequences are first represented as traces in an appropriate low dimensional space via luminance field scaling and PCA projection. Then, the indexing scheme is applied to give the video database a manageable structure. Being able to handle dynamic video clip insertions and deletions is an essential part of this solution. At the beginning, an ordinary kd-tree is created for the initial database. As new video traces are added to the database, they will be added to the indexing tree structure as well. A tree node will be split if its size exceeds a certain threshold. If the tree structure un-balance level exceeds a threshold, merging and re-splitting will be performed. Preliminary experiments showed that merging and re-splitting will ensure the efficiency of the indexing scheme.
Design and Electromagnetic Analysis of a 330 kVA Single-Phase HTS Transformer

This paper focuses on conceptual design and electromagnetic analysis of a single-phase high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power transformer with a capacity of 300 kVA by using GdBCO tapes, which is one-third model of a 1 MVA/10 kV/0.4 kV HTS transformer. The conceptual design consists four parts: iron core, HTS windings, current lead, and cryostat. In the electromagnetic optimization of the 330 kVA HTS transformer windings via finite element method, the influence of winding configurations on the radial magnetic field and the current nonuniformity are considered. The details about the design and optimization of radial magnetic field will be discussed in this study.
Local stability analysis for composite plate-cone reticulated shell

Plate-cone reticulated shell is a new type of space structures with good mechanical behavior and technical economy. In this paper, local buckling and influence factors of laminated composite plates for plate-cone reticulated shell were analyzed with theory of composite mechanics and theory of composite plate and shell through composite structure finite element method, a n d t h e mechanical characteristics of c omposite plate-cone re ticulated shell were studied, some important conclusions were obtained, which can provide theoretical foundation for practical design of composite plate-cone reticulated shell and laminated composite plates.
Semisubsampled wavelet transform based image watermarking

In this paper, we develop a novel transform which is called semisubsampled wavelet transform (SSWT) and employ it to image watermarking. Combining nonsubsampled pyramid (NSP) with critically sampled wavelet transform (WT) to construct filter banks of SSWT. The result of the nonsubsapled part is a flexible multiscale and shift invariant image decomposition that can be efficiently implemented via the à trous algorithm. Because of the shift invariance can efficiently remove the Gibbs phenomenon, the imperceptibility and robustness of watermark can be improved simultaneously. The experimental results show that the proposed blind watermarking scheme is robust against JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, Wiener filtering and median filtering attacks. The comparison analysis demonstrates that our scheme has better performance than the watermarking schemes reported recently.
A Cognitive Control Approach to Communication-Based Train Control Systems

Communication-based train control (CBTC) is an automated train control system using bidirectional train-ground wireless communications to ensure the safe operation of rail vehicles. Due to unreliable wireless communications and train mobility, the train control performance can be significantly affected by wireless networks. Although some works have been done to study CBTC systems from both train-ground communication and train control perspectives, these two important areas have traditionally been separately addressed. In this paper, with recent advances in cognitive dynamic systems, we take a cognitive control approach to CBTC systems considering both train-ground communication and train control. In our approach, the notion of information gap is adopted to quantitatively describe the effects of train-ground communication on train control. Moreover, unlike the existing works that use network capacity as the design measure, in this paper the linear quadratic cost for the train control performance in CBTC systems is considered in the performance measure. Reinforcement learning is applied to obtain the optimal policy based on the performance measure, which includes linear quadratic cost and information gap. In addition, the wireless channel is modeled as finite-state Markov chains with multiple state transition probability matrices, which can demonstrate the characteristics of both large-scale and small-scale fading. The channel state transition probability matrices are derived from real field measurement results. Simulation results show that the proposed cognitive control approach can significantly improve the train control performance in CBTC systems.
A New Method to Protect Privacy in RFID based on Object Deputy model

Recently RFID has been applied in many different areas such as supplying chain management and inventory control. While the RFID system has many advantages, however, it may create new problems to the user's privacy. In this paper, we propose a new architecture of RFID system which designs a special data privacy protection module in traditional RFID system for protecting users' privacy. And the new privacy protection module is based on Object Deputy Model .Simulation and Performance analysis indicates that: the new method is safer and has higher throughput compared to the Randomized Hash-lock protocol.
Detecting of anti-radiation missile by applying changeable-sample ratios technology in the AEW system

Changeable-sample ratios technology is applied to detecting an anti-radiation missile in the AEW (airborne early warning) system. First, we analyze the signal model and, when it is in the active flight time and in the passive flight time respectively, we use special processing methods. At the same time, the AEW tracking process of the antiradiation missiles is analyzed. Finally, the simulation experiment is also given. The simulation results show that in AEW system, anti-radiation missiles can be detected effectively by changeable-sample ratios technology.
Intelligentized networked manufacturing technique and process modeling

The research presented the concept of networked manufacturing mode. It aims to satisfy customerpsilas individual demands. The NMS (Networked Manufacturing System) has three-tier architecture: Customer Server-Web Server-Logic Server. It was developed under the mode of MVC(Model-View-Control), and techniques such as Javascript, JSP, SQL server 2000 were used. The NMS realizes two main functions: customization and cooperative design. By using Object-oriented Petri Net(OPN), the networked manufacturing process was simulated. The model of each object who takes part in network alliance was designed. From the P-invariant, system objectspsila properties such as deadlock, overflow and conflict can be analyzed. The analysis results indicate that the networked manufacturing is effective.
Notice of RetractionPost-Treatment of Cotton Fabrics with PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Process

Ultrafine and uniform electrospun PVA nanofibers was employed to take action on cotton fibers through crosslinking by 3-Isocyanatomethyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI). The prepared PVA nanofibers had a diameter of about 200-300nm, and SEM photos suggested that crosslinking not only happened between PVA and cotton fibers but also in PVA nanofibers itself. In order to draw a comparison, experiments under different spinning time were carried out, and the results obviously showed that as the spinning time increased, fibers interaction reinforced. FTIR analysis results demonstrated that there was a new chemical bond arising after IPDI's crosslinking.
Comparison of LST retrieval algorithms between single-channel and split-windows for high-resolution infrared camera

This paper compared the LST retrieval algorithm between single-channel and split-window for high-resolution thermal infrared camera. MODTRAN was used to ascertain the atmospheric coefficients of the generalized split-window algorithm and JM&S single-channel algorithm based on TIGR database. Algorithm fitting precision analysis and the sensitivity analysis of the two algorithms were carried out. The total errors of land surface temperature were estimated by means of evaluating the influence of several parameters: atmospheric water vapor, land surface emissivity and noise of the sensor. The results showed that the uncertainties of several parameters above would increase the total errors. In low atmospheric water vapor, the accuracy of the single-channel algorithm is about 1K, equal to the accuracy of the split-window algorithm. In high atmospheric water vapor, the accuracy of the single-channel algorithm increase to about 2K and that of the split-window algorithm was invariant.