nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Contour regularized left ventricular strain analysis from cine MRI

Quantitative measurements of left ventricular (LV) strain are important in the diagnosis and management of patients with heart disease and tracking the efficacy of treatments over time. Tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established method for non-invasively measuring LV strains and strain rates, but non-tagged (or cine) MRI is the most commonly-used cardiac MRI protocol. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for computing 2-D strains and strain rates from cine MRI that incorporates information from contours drawn at end-diastole and end-systole. These contours are typically drawn anyway at many institutions to compute LV volumes and contain important information on heart's deformation. Validation results on 18 normal human volunteers and 20 patients with myocardial infarction show good agreement between strains computed from cine MRI and those computed from tagged MRI using HARP analysis. Further validation on 45 patients with hypertension demonstrate that diastolic strains computed from cine MRI can measure changes in diastolic function common in hypertensive patients.
Bio-Inspired Human Action Recognition With a Micro-Doppler Sonar System

This paper explores computational methods to address the problem of doing inference from data in multiple modalities, where there exists a large amount of low dimensional data complementary to a much smaller set of high dimensional data. In this instance the low dimensional time-series data are active acoustics from a bio-inspired micro-Doppler sonar sensor system that include no or very limited spatial information, and the high dimensional data are RGB-depth data from a 3-D point cloud sensor. The task is human action recognition from the active acoustic data. To accomplish this, statistical models, trained simultaneously on both the micro-Doppler modulations induced by human actions and symbolic representations of skeletal poses, derived from the 3-D point cloud data, are developed. This simultaneous training enables the model to learn relations between the rich temporal structure of the micro-Doppler modulations and the high-dimensional pose sequences of human action. During runtime, the model relies purely on the active acoustic sonar data to infer the human action. Our approach is applicable to other sensing modalities, such as the millimeter wave electromagnetic radar devices.
A method for remote control of EV charging by modifying IEC61851 compliant EVSE based PWM signal

The Electric Vehicle (EV) has properties that can not only load but can elevate its value as a resource to the power system. An EV represents a high-power, fast-responding flexible demand unit, with an attached energy storage (battery) and the potential for bi-directional capabilities (V2G). These properties can be used in a number of power and energy services, which can support power system operation while lowering the cost of EV ownership. Such services depend on the support from the communications technologies and standards that connect controllers and logic in the EVs with those in the charging infrastructure- and back-end systems. To date, there is still no widely adopted standard that supports EV grid services, such as smart charging. This work proposes a solution that would allow any combination of charging spot and EV - individually lacking the logic, communication and controllability required for smart charging - to gain this ability by simply adhering to the widely supported IEC61851 standard. This paper describes the solution, demonstrates the implementation and discusses the potential it has for unlocking EV power- and energy services.
Cryogenic packaging for multi-GHz electronics

To meet the packaging needs of current superconducting electronics, we have developed high speed multi-chip modules (MCMs), flexible ribbon cabling and press-contact surface mounts. We describe these new technologies and include techniques for high reliability, high-yield assembly. In addition, we present electrical and thermal characterizations of a system which incorporates these new technologies. Electrical characterization includes multi-GHz insertion loss and digital-data transmission measurements. We have performed extensive thermal modeling using SINDA software and have experimentally verified these simulations. We present the results and their general applicability to these new cryogenic packaging technologies.
68040 integer module

The central CPU for the 68040 processor is the integer unit (IU). The IU contains multiple 32-bit data and address paths with heavily pipelined instruction execution control for improved performance. Frequently used instructions and addressing modes have been optimized for single cycle execution. Additionally, independent control for each pipe state yields increased throughput. Implementation of control structures for increased performance is presented, with emphasis on design trade-offs for automated logic synthesis versus full custom, hand crafted circuits. The impact of the integration of test logic on behavioral descriptions and control logic testing strategy are discussed.<<ETX>>
Cross-correlation Values for Dual-polarised Indoor MIMO Links and Realistic Antenna Elements

A MIMO indoor measurement campaign at 5.2 GHz with small dual-polarised (vertically and horizontally) patch elements was performed at the campus of TU Ilmenau, Germany, in a (mostly) NLoS corridor and hall scenario. First results from these measurements show that cross-correlation values were consistently higher in the corridor, compared to the hall. Also, an influence of the orientation of the antenna elements on the correlation values was noticed in the corridor, attributed to wave-guiding. In the hall, antenna orientation effects were less pronounced. Cross-correlation values between MIMO sub-links for the same antenna elements are under 0.75 (absolute value, between both co-polar sub-links), but generally under 0.6. The values between both cross-polarised sub-links are the lowest. Cross-correlation values between different co-polarised Rx antenna elements were higher, up to 0.88 for H-polarisation in the corridor and up to 0.75 for V-polarisation in the hall (90deg angle between elements).
Determination of neutral trip settings for distribution capacitor banks

The introduction of neutral current detection systems makes the early determination of progressive capacitor unit failure feasible. This is considered to be a valuable supplement to using group fuses as part of a comprehensive distribution capacitor protection system. The author reviews distribution capacitor failures and how the neutral current tripping scheme can be applied. A rational method for the development of neutral current trip settings is presented. It is concluded that neutral trip devices offer an improved method of preventing capacitor case rupture. Settings should be established to accommodate temporary distribution system conditions which could otherwise cause unnecessary operations.<<ETX>>
A novel method for statistical process control of gate oxide and front-end cleans monitoring in a manufacturing environment

A novel approach to monitoring the integrity of front-end cleans and gate oxidation is presented. This approach utilizes difference statistics of the 10-, 50-, and 90-percentile values in the charge-to-breakdown (QBD) distributions. Difference statistics are utilized to achieve improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio of potential issues and to minimize the number of wafers used in the monitoring matrix. Implementation of the analyses in this statistical process control (SPC) methodology enables the origin of issues to be brought to the attention of sustaining personnel without the need for in-depth understanding of gate oxide integrity (GOI) testing, thus making it 100% applicable to a manufacturing environment.
"Power holes" and nonlinear forward and backward wave gain competition in helix traveling-wave tubes

The output power of a forward wave linear beam amplifier like a helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) can show unexpected dips as a function of drive signal frequency in certain narrow frequency ranges. These dips, commonly called "power holes," can have serious consequences for the performance of the system of which the amplifier is a part. It is widely believed that these power holes, which only occur under large signal conditions, are due to the amplification of a backward wave space harmonic of a signal at a harmonic of (he drive signal frequency, when the frequency of (hat harmonic happens to fall in the range of frequencies in which backward wave gain occurs. The resulting growth of the backward wave can compete with the forward wave gain, resulting in a reduction of output power at the drive frequency. Power holes can occur under conditions for which the backward wave oscillator (BWO) instability does not occur, i.e., the backward wave gain is finite, not infinite. In this paper, we report on a study of power holes using the large signal helix TWT code, CHRISTINE 3D. In particular we demonstrate the connection between backward wave gain and the depth of the power holes. We show that the frequency range over which backward wave gain occurs can be different than that predicted by small signal BWO theory when a large amplitude forward wave signal is present. This effect is due to the destabilization of the fast beam space charge wave, interacting with the backward wave under large signal conditions. We review commonly used methods to reduce the backward wave gain, and argue that any of these should reduce the depth of the power holes. The choice If one or another gain reduction method will depend on various engineering design constraints, and on cost. We suggest that a code like CHRISTINE 3D can be helpful in making this choice.
Evaluating group-based relevance feedback for content-based image retrieval

New relevance feedback algorithms have been developed for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) that allow the user to achieve more flexible query. In conjunction with the new user interface, called group-oriented user interface, the user's interest can be expressed with multiple groups of positive and negative image examples. This provides users with greater flexibility as compared with previous systems that consider image query as one or two-class problems. In this paper, we analyze our new algorithm qualitatively and quantitatively. For comparison with previous approaches, the systems are tested on both toy problems and real image retrieval tasks. From the results of our experiments, we suggest when and how our algorithm has advantages over the previous methods.
A robust framework for multiview age estimation

Age estimation from facial images has promising applications in human-computer interaction, biometrics, visual surveillance, and electronic customer relationship management, etc. Most existing techniques and systems can only handle frontal or near frontal view age estimation due to the difficulties of 1) differentiating diverse variations from uncontrollable and personalized aging patterns on faces and 2) collecting a fairly large database covering the chronometrical image series for each individual in different views. In this paper, we propose a robust framework to deal with multiview age estimation problem. A large face database, with significant age, pose, gender, and identity variations, is exploited in the experiments. In our framework, the training set is partitioned into small groups, namely code groups, according to their multiple labels, e.g. pose and age. Based on certain set-set distance measure, a compact representation for each image is obtained by measuring the distance between the image and all the code groups, which can be followed by classification or regression algorithms. Extensive experiments and comparisons with traditional multiview models demonstrate the proposed framework with significant advantages of variation decomposable, classifier adaptable, and feature selectable and extendable.
Bucking the trend: Network 75 - a scheme that attracts students onto engineering and technology courses at universities

Network 75 is a scheme developed at the University of Glamorgan that is attracting a new market of students onto a range of Engineering and Technology courses. Students that are recruited onto the programme have higher entry qualifications than our traditional intakes. This is necessary to satisfy the engineering council requirements (SARTOR) for a higher level of student intake to retain accredited status for courses. Network 75 is also meeting a need of local industry by providing a commodity that there is a growing shortage of good people with engineering/technological expertise. The scheme is being heralded by some as a blue print for addressing the growing pressures faced by Universities and business alike- the recruitment of good people. Network 75 is not a quick fix gimmick, but a 5-year plan that builds a sustainable partnership between a university and its local industry. Able people are recruited to study engineering/technology at university part time whilst gaining professional training/experience at a local company. Network 75 addresses local needs and helps the SME community attract and retain engineering and technology graduates which enables the companies to be more competitive by increasing their capacity for innovation. (4 pages)
Design issues for a shingled write disk system

If the data density of magnetic disks is to continue its current 30–50% annual growth, new recording techniques are required. Among the actively considered options, shingled writing is currently the most attractive one because it is the easiest to implement at the device level. Shingled write recording trades the inconvenience of the inability to update in-place for a much higher data density by a using a different write technique that overlaps the currently written track with the previous track. Random reads are still possible on such devices, but writes must be done largely sequentially. In this paper, we discuss possible changes to disk-based data structures that the adoption of shingled writing will require. We first explore disk structures that are optimized for large sequential writes with little or no sequential writing, even of metadata structures, while providing acceptable read performance. We also examine the usefulness of non-volatile RAM and the benefits of object-based interfaces in the context of shingled disks. Finally, through the analysis of recent device traces, we demonstrate the surprising stability of written device blocks, with general purpose workloads showing that more than 93% of device blocks remain unchanged over a day, and that for more specialized workloads less than 0.5% of a shingled-write disk's capacity would be needed to hold randomly updated blocks.
A high power isolator for the 10 micron region employing interband Faraday rotation in germanium

At 1.06 p, the nonlinear susceptibility of Cs vapor is determined almost entirely by interaction between the 16s > = 10 > ground state andthe16p> = 11 > and17s> 3 12> levels. We have shown that in the case of linearly polarized light, the nonlinear susceptibility can be analyzed into two distinct contributions.' The predominant one arises from the polarization poz( t ) due to the two photon resonance between 16s > and 17s >. The other term, which is also negative at 1.06 p , arises from induced  population changes between the 16s > and 16p> levels, and is analogous to the nonlinear refractive effects observed by Grischkowsky and Armstrong.' In this experiment, where the pulses are much shorter than the inverse linewidth of 16p>, the nonlinear contribution to the refractive index becomes amplifier chain.
Bioelectret state in dextrin: a study by thermally stimulated discharge current technique

Bioelectret state has been proposed to be a universal property of biomolecules and to play an important role in various biological phenomena. In the present investigation bioelectret state in a polysaccharide, dextrin, has been studied using the thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) technique. The polysaccharide has been found to be able to manifest the bioelectret state; the TSDC spectrum is characterised by three peaks at temperatures around 170K, 220K and 270K. The bound water molecules are identified as the source of polarisation storage for all peaks. The 170K peak is ascribed to bound water molecules directly attached to the polypeptide backbone; 220K peak is ascribed to a second layer of multiple hydrogen bonded water molecules, proposed to be a chain like structure around the polypeptide backbone and the 270K peak is attributed to the bound water molecules adsorbed on the surface of the polysaccharide matrix.
Broadband over power lines implementation roadmap for a smarter grid: A case study for Indian power sector

This paper makes an effort to present the major concerns with broadband over power lines technology and implementation roadmap for making the grid smarter. The paper also strives to emphasize upon the need to prepare ourselves for a timed roadmap for this technology which requires no new cabling or infrastructure, instead using the long established power grid provided by electrical companies. The authors have tried to gain attention of the readers, utilities, regulatories and all involved in power sector, IT sector and communication sector to look and analyse the potential of this technology for the future of smart grids. The objective of this paper is also to highlight on the technology in terms of its salient features, working, drawbacks, deployments and future challenges associated in the implementation plans. The suitability of BPL as a smart grid technology has been simulated and studied for an indoor feeder and the results are analyzed.
Costs and benefits of harmonic current reduction for switch-mode power supplies in a commercial office building

Harmonic currents generated by modern office equipment cause power system heating and add to user power bills. By looking at the harmonic-related losses in a specific electrical system-representing a commercial building-energy costs are quantified. The analysis shows that building wiring losses related to powering nonlinear electronic load equipment may be more than double the losses for linear load equipment. Current-related power losses such as I/sup 2/R, proximity of conductors, and transformer winding eddy currents (I/sup 2/ h/sup 2/) are considered. The cost of these losses is compared to the cost of reducing harmonics in the equipment design. Results show that an active-type harmonic-elimination circuit, built into the common electronic equipment switch-mode-power supply, is cost-effective based on energy loss considerations alone.
A simple pulse analyzer for device with limited computational power

In this paper, we present a simple approach for implementing a pulse analyzer for devices with limited computational power, such as mobile and wearable computers. The main purpose of this system is to continuously monitor the ECG of a person and detect any possible heart abnormalities. The idea is to break the required computation in two parts. The learning and model building part that requires high computation is done on a desktop computer. Once the model for a person is built, it uses a low computational cost signal analysis approach to analyze the signals in real-time. The system has been implemented on an IBM WatchPad, a wearable Linux computer designed as a watch. The experiments conducted show that the system produces reliable results. This approach can benefit the embedded systems in the medical domain, such as the personal health monitoring devices, etc.
An improved performance 62.7 GHz low power divide-by-16 InP-based HBT circuit

We report improved static divider performance of 62.7 GHz maximum toggle frequency at power levels of 60 mW/flip-flop using a highly manufacturable AlInAs/GaInAs single heterojunction HBT on semi-insulating InP substrates. This improvement was made by reduction in collector-base capacitance and has been achieved with no apparent reduction in yield.
3D myocardial strain strain reconstruction from tagged MRI using a cylindrical B-spline model

In this paper, we present a new method for reconstructing 3D left ventricular myocardial strain from tagged magnetic resonance (MR) image data with a 3D B-spline deformation model. The B-spline model is based on a cylindrical coordinate system that more closely fits the morphology of the myocardium than previously proposed Cartesian B-spline models and does not require explicit regularization. Simulation results demonstrate that the reconstructed strains are robust to the center of the cylindrical coordinate system. We also validate our method by reconstructing strains from imaging studies of a normal human volunteer and a patient with an antero-septal myocardial infarction.
A fast minimal path active contour model

A new minimal path active contour model for boundary extraction is presented. Implementing the new approach requires four steps (1) users place some initial end points on or near the desired boundary through an interactive interface; (2) a potential searching window is defined between two end points; (3) a graph search method based on conic curves is used to search the boundary; and (4) a "wriggling" procedure is used to calibrate the contour and reduce sensitivity of the search results on the selected initial end points. The last three steps are performed automatically. In the proposed approach, the potential window systematically provides a new node connection for the later graph search, which is different from the row-by-row and column-by-column methods used in the classical graph search. Furthermore, this graph search also suggests ways to design a "wriggling" procedure to evolve the contour in the direction nearly perpendicular to itself by creating a list of displacement vectors in the potential window. The proposed minimal path active contour model speeds up the search and reduces the "metrication error" frequently encountered in the classical graph search methods e.g., the dynamic programming minimal path (DPMP) method.
Estimating three-dimensional motion parameters of a rigid planar patch, II: Singular value decomposition

We show that the three-dimensional (3-D) motion parameters of a rigid planar patch can be determined by computing the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a 3 × 3 matrix containing the eight so called "pure parameters." Furthermore, aside from a scale factor for the translation parameters, the number of solutions is either one or two, depending on the multiplicity of the singular values of the matrix.
A system for monitoring the engagement of remote online students using eye gaze estimation

We present a system for monitoring the engagement of remote students in an online educational environment. We introduce a novel gaze estimation system that uses a client-side video-based 3D face tracking algorithm, and expands it to estimate the head pose, and intersects this pose-based gaze line of sight with the screen (coplanar with the camera) to estimate the screen position currently viewed. Our preliminary experiments indicate this approach can accurately determine the coarse location of a student's gaze and use it as a cue for engagement estimation. Our system operates in real-time and achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art gaze estimation techniques that account for free head motion.
An architecture for integrating cancer model repositories

The TUMOR project aims at developing a European clinically oriented semantic-layered cancer digital model repository from existing EU projects that will be interoperable with the US grid-enabled semantic-layered digital model repository platform at CViT.org (Center for the Development of a Virtual Tumor, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, USA) which is NIH/NCI-caGRID compatible. In this paper we describe the modular and federated architecture of TUMOR that effectively addresses model integration, interoperability, and security related issues.