nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
CMS applications in metal mines of China

Large numbers of cavities formed by underground mining endangers the mine's safety seriously and generates much difficulty for the resource reclamation in domestic mines. Therefore, taking advanced Cavity Monitoring System (CMS) as basic mean, carrying out correlative technologies research and application to overcome these problems in the underground metal mines has become a significant task. The basic principle of CMS and the method of modeling cavities using monitoring data were introduced. The impacts to CMS probing result by temperature, humidity, target reflectivity and probing location etc were analyzed and some relevant resolved measures were brought forward. The research and application of CMS in China mine is introduced, which include cavity dynamic measure, stope collapse area dynamic monitoring, calculation of roof exposed area, cavity security management, mining index visible calculation, blast design of pillars with complicated irregular boundaries, as well as for the stope stability numerical simulation analysis based on the monitoring cavities and so on. All these techniques have been applied successfully in China mines.
Design and Analyses on Permanent Magnet Actuator for Mining Vacuum Circuit Breaker

A novel permanent magnet actuator (PMA) for mining vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) is presented in this paper. Which is monostable, has two coils and able to break the VCB when the fault of low-voltage happened. And can detect the voltage variation in main circuit at each instant. When the fault of low-voltage happened, it can automatically break without additional detection and control of apparatus. Moreover, the different states and parameters of breaking and closing courses have been numerical computed and analyzed by adopting ANSOFT software. Based on the simulation results, the prototype is manufactured and assembled in the mining VCB. The feasibility and validity of the proposed PMA have been proved by testing results
Gender Recognition Using 3-D Human Body Shapes

Gender recognition has important applications in identity recognition, demographic survey, and human-computer interaction systems. In the past, gender recognition was based on 2-D images or videos, which has many limitations and disadvantages, such as low accuracy and sensitivity to the viewpoint of the camera and lighting conditions. In this paper, we investigate gender recognition using 3-D human body shapes. The 3-D human body shapes used for gender recognition were obtained by laser scanning. Different machine-learning algorithms and feature-extraction methods are investigated and analyzed in this paper. Experimental results show that the support vector machine (SVM) is the best classification algorithm, and the features represented using distributions of normals are very effective for gender recognition. Furthermore, Fourier descriptor (FD) is a robust method to analyze the breast regions and has great potential applications in 3-D human-body-shape-based biometrics. The research demonstrates that our shape-based gender recognition has achieved a very high recognition rate. The techniques provide effective ways for gender recognition and overcome some limitations in 2-D technologies.
Automated micro-assembly of hydrogel modules based on defocus feature

Acquisition of target location and depth information under microscale is the precondition to achieve automated microassembly. To obtain accurate location, we need to utilize focused image for image processing under optical microscope. However, there's no unified standard to evaluate the clarity of an image acquired by manually focusing. This paper presents an auto-focusing method to automatically determine the focal plane of target and depth information through the algorithm to evaluate the clarity of target image. The automated microassembly of donut-shaped microstructure was achieved based on the auto-focusing method and the tip of micromanipulator was detected in 3D space. Experimental result shows that the auto-focusing method achieved accurate focusing with error less than 4.1 μm and high speed focusing within 10 s. The detection success rate of the donuts is around 99.8% and the determined depth information between donut and micromanipulatoris within 5 μm.
Integrated modeling and control of urban road traffic networks

Urban freeway is the aorta of urban traffic, but in recent years, traffic congestion has become prominent increasingly, which seriously affects the urban traffic efficiency. Based on the analysis of the traffic flow characteristic of urban freeway and streets system, the macroscopic traffic flow model integrated urban freeway with streets system is established, by using store-and-forward model to describe the evolution law of states for the two systems. Then on this basis, the green ratio adaptive control method based on linear quadratic optimal control is put forward. Finally, the VISSIM traffic simulation software is used to simulate and compare with the fixed-time signal control. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
3-D electric field analysis of high voltage SF/sub 6/ current transformer using charge simulation method

The generation of a 3-D grid using FEM is very complex due to the "T" type intersection region of a high voltage (HV) SF/sub 6/ current transformer (CT). In this paper, the charge simulation method (CSM) based on the uniqueness theorem of static electric field is applied for solving a 3-D open boundary electric field of HV SF/sub 6/ CT. The coordinate transformation is employed. The equal potential and electric field strength distribution of different profiles are obtained and figured out, taking the effects of shielding covers and porcelain casing on the electric field distribution into consideration.
Automatic Face Recognition from Skeletal Remains

The ability to determine the identity of a skull found at a crime scene is of critical importance to the law enforcement community. Traditional clay-based methods attempt to reconstruct the face so as to enable identification of the deceased by members of the general public. However, these reconstructions lack consistency from practitioner to practitioner and it has been shown that the human recognition of these reconstructions against a photo gallery of potential victims is little better than chance. In this paper we propose the automation of the reconstruction process. For a given skull, a data-driven 3D generative model of the face is constructed using a database of CT head scans. The reconstruction can be constrained based on prior knowledge such as age and or weight. To determine whether or not these reconstructions have merit, geometric methods for comparing reconstructions against a gallery of facial images are proposed. First, active shape models are used to automatically detect a set of facial landmarks on each image. These landmarks are associated with 3D points on the reconstruction. Direct comparison of the reconstruction is problematic since in general the camera geometry used for image capture is unknown and there are uncertainties associated with the reconstruction and landmark detection processes. The first method of comparison uses constrained optimization to determine the optimal projection of the reconstruction on to the image. Residuals are then analyzed resulting in a ranking of the gallery. The second method uses boosting to learn which points are both reliable and discriminating. This results in a match/no-match classifier. Experimental evidence indicating that skull recognition from facial images can be achieved is presented.
Altitude-Holding Flight with a Scheimpflug Range Sensor

We present a real-time error-compensation method which is used to improve the measurement precision of a Scheimpflug range sensor. Based on this method a Scheimpflug range sensor is fabricated. It only takes 3.21 ms to complete one distance measurement in a hardware test. Furthermore, by using this range sensor, an altitude-holding application is performed on a proof-of-concept flight test platform in the lab environment. The hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation result shows that approximately 10 mm control accuracy is achieved by implementing the error compensation.
A 3D design software for Quasi-optical systems based on integrated methods

Diffracted Gaussian beam analysis (DGBA) is a fast method for Quasi-optical systems analysis, and Periodic Method of Moment (PMM) is an efficient method for analyzing Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS). This paper introduces a 3D design software for Quasi-optical systems namely SiMatrix based on the integration of the DGBA and PMM. The SiMatrix offers the functionalities of visualized 3D modeling, systematic simulation and built-in post-processing. Those functionalities greatly facilitate the design and analysis of a Quasi-optical system.
A novel indoor localization system based on passive RFID technology

RFID technology is becoming more and more important for indoor localization because of its advantages such as non-contact and no-line-sight nature. In this paper, we propose a cheap and reliable technology based on triangulation technology to determine the reader location in real word, and develop a passive RFID-based indoor location system which can accurately track the target's location in which the angle between the tag and the reader can be measured by an angle sensor carried by itself. The location is estimated by calculating two liner equations using two differences of the measured angles. Four experiments are conducted with different distances between tags and reader to verify this technology. By the experiment results, the location estimation error is acceptable compared with the distances between tags and reader. This means the proposed approach is proved to be satisfied for indoor localization.
A simulation software for 3D quasi-optical system and shaped-mirror reflectors

This paper introduces a simulation software, named Simatrix, for designing millimetre-wave reflector antenna and transmission system based on Diffracted Gaussian Beam Analysis. DGBA is a fast and modularized method for quasi-optical system (QOS) analysis. The Simatrix offers the functionalities of modeling and simulating 3D asymmetrical QOS, designing systems which contain shaped-mirror reflectors. Those functionalities greatly satisfy the complex demands of QOS design and simplify analysis process.
A data mining based algorithm for traffic network flow forecasting

Recent development in ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) methods and technologies has moved traffic operating systems from passive to proactive control and management, where real-time and accurate traffic flow information is critical to actual implementation. So far many algorithms have been proposed for traffic network flow forecasting, but problems in accuracy and timeliness still remain to be the major obstacle for their successful applications. For example, presumed human travel habit and vehicle turning probabilities at intersections have greatly limited the use of dynamic assignment algorithm. In order to improve the forecasting and real-time responsiveness, a new algorithm based on data mining which can do association rules mining and association analysis is proposed here for predicting traffic network flow. Simulation results using Corsim 5.0 have demonstrated effectiveness of the new algorithm in both accuracy and timeliness.
Recognition and tracking of hovering object

The existing methods of monitoring may easily cause fatigue of monitor staff, just to obtain evidence for the most part. This paper provides a method of hovering behavior recognition and tracking, which can reduce workload and prevent something happen in advance. In order to realize the purpose, we utilize a video analysis technique including many automatic tracking algorithms, but these algorithms can not analyze the behavior of objects and have some defects. Therefore, we put forward the argument of hovering behavior recognition, and combine background subtraction with Camshift to realize tracing. The background subtraction detects object and approaches object contour with a rectangle which is also an object's tracking box. Furthermore, Camshift algorithm is used to make up the shortage of the background subtraction method. The result of experiment shows that this method can meet the basic requirements of hovering tracking.
Research on non-equilibrium composition solution of vacuum arc plasma

For reflecting the variation of plasma composition under different arc temperature and pressure for non-equilibrium states, a micro arc physical model of vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) is proposed based on Eindhoven model, and the parameters of CuCr50 contact were taken into considerations. The variations of number density for different particles are obtained. The numerical computation results show that, the particle composition of different non-equilibrium states vary with the specified pressure and the excitation temperature has a large influence on the particle composition. With the increase of pressure, particle number density varies in an upward tendency.
Investigation on hybrid arc model and influencing factors in vacuum circuit breaker

Based on the theories of arc and gas discharge, a novel hybrid arc model in vacuum circuit breaker is proposed, considering the factors influencing on the arc formation from both microcosmic and macroscopic views. The evolution from initial discharge channel forming with breakdown to steady arc state is simulated. The results show that the radii of discharge channels are enlarging and the shapes of arc are changing from diffuse mode to contractive mode with the increasing of the current applied, but the shapes remain the diffuse mode as a whole. Along the axial direction from the cathode to anode, the electron density is increasing, and the average velocity of electron is increasing at first but decreasing later. Furthermore, the thermal inertia of arc is verified.
The chaos in synthetic circuit experiment for vacuum circuit breaker

The chaos characteristic of vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) under different interruption conditions in synthetic circuit experiment is researched. Using four parameter and two parameter method, comparing the influence of the metal vapor arc model, the variations of voltage and current for different VCBs are obtained. And the chaos in synthetic circuit experiment for the demonstrated VCBs based on the Lyapunov exponent (LE) method has been analyzed.
Numerical Simulation of 3D Electromagnetic Field for Vacuum Interrupter

In this paper, the axial magnetic field of vacuum interrupter (VI) has been computed. Moreover, the static, transient magnetic field and 3D electric field have been analyzed using finite element method (FEM). The dynamic distributions of the axial magnetic field along the contact surface varying with interrupting instant and space have been simulated. Accordingly, the influence of the contact structure on the interrupting and insulation performance has been analyzed. The theoretical basis for optimizing the structure and investigating the interrupting capacity of the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) has been provided
SLPA: Uncovering Overlapping Communities in Social Networks via a Speaker-Listener Interaction Dynamic Process

Overlap is one of the characteristics of social networks, in which a person may belong to more than one social group. For this reason, discovering overlapping structures is necessary for realistic social analysis. In this paper, we present a novel, general framework to detect and analyze both individual overlapping nodes and entire communities. In this framework, nodes exchange labels according to dynamic interaction rules. A specific implementation called Speaker-listener Label Propagation Algorithm (SLPA) demonstrates an excellent performance in identifying both overlapping nodes and overlapping communities with different degrees of diversity.
Novel Hybrid Method for Computing Electric Field of SF6 Circuit Breaker

The electric field of a SF6 circuit breaker is computed based on the hybrid method of finite element method (FEM) and charge simulation method (CSM), taking the axisymmetric configuration into consideration. It is verified that the hybrid FEM-CSM is capable in calculating the complex open boundary problems, and the calculation results are of higher precision than those of the traditional FEM or CSM, respectively. (2 pages)
Optimal reactive power flow considering generator voltage regulation characteristics

This paper proposes a novel optimization model for optimal reactive power flow concerning wind power generation, which considers generator voltage regulation characteristics. Synchronous generators (SGs) static excitation error control characteristics and doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) wind farm reactive power (var)-voltage control characteristics are considered. An extra inner potential node is introduced to reflect the excitation limits. Complementarity constraints are applied to represent the wind farm var-voltage control. Power fluctuation caused by the variability and uncertainty of wind generation are considered based on scenario analysis. Nonlinear primal-dual interior point algorithm is used to get the optimal strategies. Case study demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed approach.
WMCD: A Situation Aware Multicast Congestion Detection Scheme Using Support Vector Machines in MANETs

Congestion is one of the most important issues impeding the development and deployment of IP multicast and multicast application in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANETs). In this paper, we propose a situation aware multicast congestion detection scheme with support vector machines in MANETs. We focus on using support vector machines to detect incipient multicast congestion by using structural situation information. In this way, by using a situation aware learning system, we can detect incipient congestion in advance instead of waiting packet loss. The rate adaptation algorithm can reduce the transmission rate only if the loss is classified as a congestion loss. Simulation results show that a support vector machine is an appropriate mechanism for decision making in proactive multicast congestion detection.
Corrugated matched horn with low side-lobes for high performance offset reflector systems

A tri-pin tri-mode corrugated matched horn with low side lobes is proposed to compensate the cross-polar component in high performance offset reflector systems. The simulated results are presented, showing that the cross-polar isolation in the offset tri-reflector compact range is improved from 30.5dB to 48.2dB when the proposed horn is used.
Simulation on SF6 gas discharge by PIC-MCC method

Sulfur hexafluoride is a gas with high electronegativity. For its strong adsorption to the electrons, it is widely used in the gas insulation. A microscopic model is established in our work to study the motions of particles in sulfur hexafluoride gas. Particle in cell method is used to trace the motions of the charged particles and the collisions between electrons, ions and atoms are simulated by a random method - Monte Carlo collision method. A plane electrodes system is modeled in our work and the distance between the electrodes is 25.4mm and the voltage between the electrodes is 12kV. The temperature of the gas is 293K. We traced the motions of a large amount of the electrons and assembled average which made us acquire the macroscopic distributions. Nine types of collisions between electron and molecule are considered in our work and the elastic collision and charge exchange between ions and atoms are also considered. According to the simulation, the densities of different particles and the electric field solved by Possion equation are acquired.
Aquatic debris monitoring using smartphone-based robotic sensors

Monitoring aquatic debris is of great interest to the ecosystems, marine life, human health, and water transport. This paper presents the design and implementation of SOAR - a vision-based surveillance robot system that integrates an off-the-shelf Android smartphone and a gliding robotic fish for debris monitoring. SOAR features real-time debris detection and coverage-based rotation scheduling algorithms. The image processing algorithms for debris detection are specifically designed to address the unique challenges in aquatic environments. The rotation scheduling algorithm provides effective coverage of sporadic debris arrivals despite camera's limited angular view. Moreover, SOAR is able to dynamically offload computation-intensive processing tasks to the cloud for battery power conservation. We have implemented a SOAR prototype and conducted extensive experimental evaluation. The results show that SOAR can accurately detect debris in the presence of various environment and system dynamics, and the rotation scheduling algorithm enables SOAR to capture debris arrivals with reduced energy consumption.
Numerical implementation and insulation analyses for vacuum interrupter

A novel numerical strategy of electric field computation based on conventional charge simulation method (CSM) was proposed, according to the geometric feature of vacuum interrupter (VI). The matching relationship of contour points and simulation charges can be conveniently established for different component structure using the proposed geometric feature CSM (GFCSM). For verifying the feasibility and validity of the GFCSM, the unbounded electric field of a 12 kV VI with thin shielding floating electrode was calculated using the GFCSM and finite element method (FEM), and the distribution of electric field has been compared and illustrated. The insulation property of the VI was obtained and simulated.
Dexterous nanomanipulation of 2D hydrogel microstructure for 3D assembly by multi-robot cooperation

Robotic nanomanipulation has achieved a wide range of applications on biomedicine and facilitated a revolutionary breakthrough for it. This paper presents a dexterous nanomanipulation system with three robots coordination for the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) artificial microstructure. It is set up with two main components. One is the nanomanipulator with 4 degrees of freedom (DOFs) and 30nm operation precision. The other is a vision sub-system developed to provide feedback for coordination control among the three robots. Based on the cooperation, we propose a pick-up method of 2D hydrogel microunits and integrate an assembly strategy to fabricate a 3D substitute for tissue engineering. Pickup of 2D microstructures largely determines the success of 3D assembly. Therefore, effectiveness of pick-up is investigated by kinetic analysis, Matlab simulation and pick-up experiments. These results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for circular 2D structure assembly. However, it is not universal for any shapes of 2D units. Thus, three new pick-up methods are discussed to seek for higher flexibility of our system.
Generic Face Alignment using Boosted Appearance Model

This paper proposes a discriminative framework for efficiently aligning images. Although conventional active appearance models (AAM)-based approaches have achieved some success, they suffer from the generalization problem, i.e., how to align any image with a generic model. We treat the iterative image alignment problem as a process of maximizing the score of a trained two-class classifier that is able to distinguish correct alignment (positive class) from incorrect alignment (negative class). During the modeling stage, given a set of images with ground truth landmarks, we train a conventional point distribution model (PDM) and a boosting-based classifier, which we call boosted appearance model (BAM). When tested on an image with the initial landmark locations, the proposed algorithm iteratively updates the shape parameters of the PDM via the gradient ascent method such that the classification score of the warped image is maximized. The proposed framework is applied to the face alignment problem. Using extensive experimentation, we show that, compared to the AAM-based approach, this framework greatly improves the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of face alignment by a large margin, especially for unseen data.