nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of input-parameter dependency for performance predictions of component-based embedded systems

The guaranty of meeting the timing constraints during the design phase of real-time component-based embedded software has not been realized. To satisfy real-time requirements, we need to understand behaviour and resource usage of a system over time. In this paper, we address both aspects in detail by observing the influence of input data on the system behaviour and performance. We extend an existing scenario simulation approach that features the modelling of input parameter dependencies and simulating the execution of the models. The approach enables specification of the dependencies in the component models, as well as initialisation of the parameters in the application scenario model. This gives a component-based application designer an explorative possibility of going through all possible execution scenarios with different parameter initialisations, and finding the worst-case scenarios where the predicted performance does not satisfy the requirements. The identification of these scenarios is important because it avoids system redesign at the later stage. In addition, the conditional behaviour and resource usage modelling with respect to the input data provide more accurate prediction.
System requirements and considerations for visual table of contents in PVR

With the introduction of non-tape-based digital video recorders also known as personal video recorders (PVR), consumers can expect alternative navigation methods to the well-known trick-play modes found on analog and digital tape-based systems. In this paper, we explore the system requirements and aspects of a visual table of contents (VTOC). A primary advantage of implementing a VTOC search mode is that it provides a much higher visual performance at high search speeds (50 times or higher) than the conventional search techniques. We present a solution for generating a video signal for visual search that is based on reusing MPEG-2 compressed video data. The video search signal is composed of a set of MPEG-2 compressed subpictures, resulting in a mosaic screen. An efficient strategy is introduced, that allows either full or partial reuse of the compressed sub-pictures via motion compensation of earlier reference sub-pictures to allow the generation of a new mosaic screen.
Bandwidth, efficiency and directivity enhancement of printed antenna performance using planar circularly symmetric EBGs

Planar circularly symmetric (PCS) electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) substrates have been recently proposed to suppress the surface waves in printed technology. The major advantage of the PCS-EBGs with respect to structures based on vertical pins is the fabrication simplicity since the dielectric slabs do not need to be perforated. With respect to other planar type of EBG, an advantage is that the surface waves launched by a central source are reduced equally in all radial directions. The motivation of this contribution is to design and measure a prototype which demonstrates the suppression of surface waves by a PCS-EBG of a single antenna printed on a dielectric substrate. Thanks to the presence of the PCS-EBG around the antenna, we obtain an enhancement of the bandwidth, efficiency and directivity performances. The study presents some design considerations for the PCS-EBG itself, and then proceed with the manufactured and measured antennas. The results explicitly show the advantages in terms of bandwidth and radiation pattern of the proposed EBG substrate. A bandwidth of 20% is achieved without significant surface wave losses
Advanced high power-density interior permanent magnet motor for traction applications

Electric drive systems, which include electric machines and power electronics, are a key enabling technology for advanced vehicle propulsion systems that reduce the petroleum dependence of the ground transportation sector. To have significant effect, electric drive technologies must be economical in terms of cost, weight, and size while meeting performance and reliability expectations. This paper will provide details of the design, analysis and testing of an advanced interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine that was developed to meet the FreedomCar 2020 specifications. The 12 slot/10 pole machine has segmented stator structure equipped with fractional-slot concentrated-windings (FSCW). The rotor has a novel spoke structure. Several prototypes with different thermal management schemes have been built and tested. The paper will cover the test results for all these prototypes and highlight the tradeoffs between the various schemes.
Data Compression Systems for Home-Use Digital Video Recording

The authors focus on image data compression techniques for digital recording. Image coding for storage equipment covers a large variety of systems because the applications differ considerably in nature. Video coding systems suitable for digital TV and HDTV recording and digital electronic still picture storage are considered. In addition, attention is paid to picture coding for interactive systems, such as the compact-disc interactive system. The relation between the recording system boundary conditions and the applied coding techniques is outlined. The main emphasis is on picture coding techniques for digital consumer recording.
High-Level Traffic-Violation Detection for Embedded Traffic Analysis

This paper presents the design of a robust and real-time traffic-violation detection system for cameras on intersections. We use background segmentation and a novel road-model to obtain the candidate traffic participants. A region-based tracking system, equipped with static occlusion-reasoning, tracks the positions of the objects in the scene. A computationally efficient camera model is defined which only requires three input parameters and enables the extraction of key object parameters like vehicle type and speed. Experiments have shown that an impressive average processing rate of 63-150 Hz is achieved, with high average correct road detection and object-type classification rates of 93-94% and event detection accuracy of 85%.
Design of an 874 GHz biasable sub-harmonic mixer based on MMIC membrane planar schottky diodes

We report upon the development of a 874 GHz bias-able sub-harmonic mixer using planar Schottky diodes. The MMIC integrates two planar Schottky diodes in a balanced configuration, stripline filtering elements and on-chip capacitor on a 5 microns thick GaAs membrane. Predicted performance gives optimal conversion losses of 10 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth from 820 to 920 GHz. This work represents the highest frequency Schottky based MMIC sub-harmonic mixer development to-date.
Miniaturized Array Antenna Using Artificial Magnetic Materials for Satellite-Based AIS System

The ground-based automatic identification system (AIS) is a coastal tracking and messaging system used by vessels for maritime traffic monitoring. The European SAT-AIS initiative aims at providing a space-based complementary system to extend the range of the existing AIS to high seas via very high frequency (VHF) satellite constellation. The AIS Miniaturized Antenna (AISMAN) activity concentrates on the development of a VHF array antenna for minisatellite platforms in low Earth orbit. Array element volume minimization and mass reduction are considered performance drivers due to the in-orbit array deployment and satellite mass requirements. Artificial magnetic materials (AMMs) have been chosen as design concept of the baseline array element due to the significant size reduction they can offer. Further technical solutions, such as slotted ground plane, combined with AMM, have allowed for an outstanding profile reduction, while preserving high radiation efficiency and low back radiation. Innovative testing methodologies have been specifically developed to handle truncation errors and echo signals while performing radiation pattern measurement of the array on a full-scale mockup platform in a hemispherical automotive near field (NF) range. This paper discusses the design of array elements, from breadboard to engineering model (TRL4), manufacturing and validation campaigns at single element and array level.
Experiments using data augmentation for speaker adaptation

Speaker adaptation typically involves customizing some existing (reference) models in order to account for the characteristics of a new speaker. This work considers the slightly different paradigm of customizing some reference data for the purpose of populating the new speaker's space, and then using the resulting (augmented) data to derive the customized models. The data augmentation technique is based on the metamorphic algorithm first proposed in Bellegarda et al. [1992], assuming that a relatively modest amount of data (100 sentences) is available from each new speaker. This contraint requires that reference speakers be selected with some care. The performance of this method is illustrated on a portion of the Wall Street Journal task.
Sub-Millimeter-Wave Imaging Array at 500 GHz Based on 3-D Electromagnetic-Bandgap Material

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a 500-GHz electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) based heterodyne receiver array is presented. The array contained seven planar dipole antennas that were photolithographically defined on a common 20-mum-thick quartz substrate. Each antenna incorporated a Schottky diode and was connected to coplanar transmission lines that conveyed the down-converted 500-GHz signals to detectors. The quartz substrate was backed by a silicon EBG woodpile structure, which reduced antenna crosstalk and increased directivity. An off-axis parabolic mirror completed the beam-forming network.
Design Considerations for a 3D-TV Video Coding Architecture

This paper presents an architecture of an acquisition, compression and rendering system for 3D-TV. We show that the proposed system yields two distinct advantages. First, it achieves an efficient compression of 3D/multi-view video by extending a standard H.264 encoder such that near backward compatibility is retained. Second, a high-quality 3D rendering is obtained by appropriately handling occluded pixels. The current proposal allows a gradual introduction of cost-efficient 3D-TV systems.
CAD Techniques for 183GHz Fixed Tuned Sub-Harmonic Mixer Using Foundry Diodes

This paper describes the computer aided design techniques used to design millimeter-wave mixer components for potentially high volume applications such as medical and security screening and non-destructive testing. These are demonstrated by the design of a 183GHz subharmonic mixer for earth observation applications. Using commercially available foundry diodes, the mixer exhibits 6.85dB double side-band conversion loss and a mixer temperature of 988 Kelvin using 5mW of local oscillator power at 92GHz. The subharmonic mixer is designed as a fixed tuned component with the least number of parts to minimize the cost and maximize its potential for volume manufacture
Improved Barrett's Cancer Detection in Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy Scans Using Multiple-Frame Voting

This paper explores the feasibility of using multiframe analysis to increase the classification performance of machine learning methods for cancer detection in Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE). VLE is a novel and promising modality for the detection of neoplasia in patients with Baretts Esophagus (BE). It produces hundreds of high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the esophagus and offers considerable advantages compared to current methods. While some recent studies have proposed cancer detection algorithms for single VLE frames, the study described in this paper is the first to make use of VLE volumes for the differentiation between dysplastic and non-dysplastic tissue. We explore the use of various voting schemes for a broad range of features and classification methods. Our results demonstrate that multi-frame analysis leads to superior performance, irrespective of the chosen feature-classifier combination. By using multi-frame analysis with straightforward voting methods, the Area Under the receiver operating Curve (AUC) is increased by an average of over 12% compared to using single VLE frames. When only considering methods that achieve expert performance or higher (AUC&#x2265;0.81), an even larger performance improvement of up to 16.9% is observed. Furthermore, with many feature/classifier combinations showing AUC values ranging from 0.90 to 0.98, our experiments indicate that computeraided methods can considerably outperform medical experts, who demonstrate an AUC of 0.81 using a recently proposed clinical prediction model.
Recent Satellite Antenna Developments at MDA

With successful contributions on more than 75 satellite antenna programs over the last five decades, MDA Montreal- who previously operated under the EMS and SPAR banners- is a world-leading independent antenna supplier. In order to meet the ever increasing market need for more efficient solutions, MDA keeps pushing the limits of its technology. This paper provides an overview of some recent developments in antennas performed by MDA and some of its international partners. Three major themes will be covered, namely 1) advanced multimedia antennas, 2) next generation MSS antennas and 3) low-cost satellite antenna for navigation applications based on electromagnetic bandgap technologies. (7 pages)
Performance Improvements of Center-Fed Reflector Antennas Using Low Scattering Struts

Conventional metallic struts used to support the feed in center-fed reflector antennas can significantly degrade the sidelobe, directivity and cross-polarization performances of the antenna. A promising approach to improve center-fed antenna performance is to use low scattering struts made of a metallic core covered with hard electromagnetic surfaces. In this paper, the performance improvements achievable by replacing conventional metallic struts by low scattering struts are studied for two space-based center-fed reflector antenna applications: a Ku-Band satellite communication antenna and the Sentinel-3 satellite C-Band/Ku-Band radar altimeter antenna. Measurements performed on these antennas show significant performance improvements (sidelobe levels, peak directivity, cross-polarization levels) when using the designed low scattering struts compared to using the conventional state of the art metallic struts. Two different configurations of low scattering struts using hard electromagnetic surfaces have been studied: a One Layer design using a single layer of dielectric material and a novel Two Layer design using two layers of dielectric. The performance improvements obtained with both designs are presented and discussed. Detailed comparisons between measurements and predictions are also presented.
The architecture and performance of a DECT-PCS implementation

Personal communications services (PCS) are very closely related to wireless access, as the service needs to be independent of the physical location. DECT, the digital cordless access technology standardized by ETSI, aims to provide wireless access for BCS in several application areas. DECT can offer a high service quality in a wide variety of scenarios, due to its characteristics such as top quality speech, flexibility, high traffic density, security and mobility. Now that real commercial DECT multi-cell systems are available, it is possible to build DECT-PCS implementations. One of the potential DECT-PCS implementations is based on mobility in the public switch. The paper discusses the architecture and performance characteristics of this DECT-PCS implementation.<<ETX>>
Real-time Two-Stage SPECK (TSSP) design and implementation for scalable video coding on embedded systems

In this paper, we discuss the design and real-time implementation of a novel wavelet coefficient encoder for Scalable Video Coding (SVC) in a surveillance environment. The novel wavelet coefficient encoder, called Two-Stage SPECK (TSSP), is designed for efficient hardware/software implementations on parallel architectures. As the encoder needs to be integrated into an embedded system, we will elaborate on its implementation on a common VLIW DSP (DM642). Optimization techniques such as SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) and DMA (Direct Memory Access) are applied to maximize parallelism with concurrent calculations and memory transfers. We have realized the execution of the TSSP at 4CIF (CCIR-601) broadcast resolution and YCbCr 4∶2∶0 color in 7.884Mcycles per frame, including memory stalls. This translates to more than 75 full-color encodings per second at a clock rate of 600 MHz.
Hardware acceleration for tracking by computing low-order geometric moments

With the growing number of video content analysis applications, efficient implementation has become increasingly important. Video-object tracking using image moments is an important subtask in video-content analysis content algorithms. In this paper, we will present a method of accelerating the computation of geometrical moments and the resulting moment engine to a throughput of 130-fps. Furthermore, the effect of the accelerator on the performance of two object-tracking applications in a multi-processor platform will be evaluated. The conclusion is that the moment engine is relatively inexpensive in terms of required gate area, but its integration efficiency into a domain-specific multi-processor platform remains to be further analyzed.
High Extinction Ratio Hybrid Graphene-Silicon Photonic Crystal Switch

In this letter, we demonstrate a compact optical switch realized by integrating a graphene layer with a silicon photonic crystal cavity fabricated using deep UV immersion lithography and a novel transfer printing approach. A 17-dB extinction ratio and 0.75-nm shift in the cavity resonance are measured for a swing voltage of only 1.2 V. The graphene layer is limited to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m in size. The experimental results are linked to a theoretical model and used to predict possible improvements to the design.
Transmission and reflection analysis of functional coupled cavity components

This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion within the photonic crystal community by providing essential insight into the limiting conditions of the coupled cavity waveguiding mechanism. A theoretical and numerical description of coupled defects in PBG crystals is applied to quantify the conditions under which reflections occur within coupled cavity photonic crystal systems. We present an analysis of coupled cavity systems that form a straight and bent waveguide, a Y-shaped symmetric power splitter, and a waveguide incorporating two bends. The method is based on a weak interaction approach; the actual configuration of the defects (chain, lattice, bend, splitter, or anything else) enters the equations as a linear coupling between neighboring defects. The strength of this method is that many solutions of this system are known analytically, and that the band structure as well as the transmission and reflection response of the system can be determined.
Depth-Image Representation Employing Meshes for Intermediate-View Rendering and Coding

A common way to represent 3-D images is to send the texture-image together with a corresponding depth-image. This paper presents a depth-image representation employing triangular meshes to benefit both in obtaining higher compression factors and directly enabling fast intermediate-view rendering on commodity graphics hardware. Previous mesh-based representations did not consider the fact that assigning wrong depth values along object boundaries results in well-observable artifacts in the intermediate-view rendering. We solve this problem by assigning two depth values per node to better model sharp depth discontinuities. Furthermore, we ensure that mesh-edges are placed along object borders, preventing that triangles span background as well as objects at the same time. The results show good intermediate-view rendering quality, object/background separation, and good rate-distortion performance up to about 40 dB PSNR at a bit rate of 0.05 bits/pixel.
Qos concept for scalable MPEG-4 video object decoding on multimedia (NoC) chips

Scalable implementations of multimedia applications offer increased flexibility in mapping those applications onto the executing platform used in a consumer product. In this paper, we describe a hierarchical quality-of-service (QoS) model for managing multimedia applications running on a multiprocessor systems-on-chip (SoC). First, we present the possible scalability of an MPEG-4 arbitrary-shaped video decoder with respect to computational and communicational resources. Second, we provide a novel model for QoS management based on the principles of predictable mapping and run-time information on the resource utilization. We demonstrate the QoS framework by mapping of an MPEG-4 arbitrary-shaped decoder on a NoC, employing eight ARM cores with specific monitoring features in the network (e.g. Ethereal NoC). The scalable implementation results in lowering the computational requirements by 26% and communication by 43%. Experiments revealed that the combination results in more than 85% decoded frames of higher quality than in a QoS approach based on the predictable mapping only
An automatic analyzer for sports video databases using visual cues and real-world modeling

With the advent of hard-disk video recording, video databases gradually emerge for consumer applications. The large capacity of disks requires the need for fast storage and retrieval functions. We propose a semantic analyzer for sports video, which is able to automatically extract and analyze key events, such as player behavior. The analyzer employs several visual cues and a model for real-world coordinates, so that speed and position of a player can be determined with sufficient accuracy. It consists of four processing steps: (1) playing event detection, (2) court and player segmentation, as well as a 3-D camera model, (3) player tracking, and (4) event-based high-level analysis exploiting visual cues extracted in the real-world. We show attractive experimental results remarking the system efficiency and classification skills.
CT scan based prostate cancer patient-specific transperineal ultrasound probe setups for image guided radiotherapy

Radiotherapy (RT) is a possible treatment modality for prostate cancer patients. The aim of RT is to irradiate tumor tissue, while sparing normal tissue as much as possible. Prior to treatment delivery, a CT scan is usually acquired, on which a treatment plan is prepared. Subsequently, the radiation dose is delivered to the patient in multiple fractions. The patients' setup prior to each of these fractions should replicate the setup during the CT scan, in order to deliver the dose to the correct location. This makes patient setup a crucial aspect of the RT workflow. It has been shown that frequent imaging during the course of the treatment (image guided RT, IGRT) can allow a more accurate patient positioning. The use of 4D ultrasound (US) imaging in these IGRT workflows is not widespread, despite the many advantages (e.g. superior soft-tissue contrast, real-time volumetric organ tracking and no extra radiation). This can be mainly attributed to the high operator dependence of this image modality. In this study, the planning CT scans of prostate cancer patients were used to calculate patient-specific transperineal US (TPUS) probe setups. The use of these setups can potentially minimize operator dependence and possibly even remove the need for a trained operator.