nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A 60-mbaud, 480-mbit/s, 256-qam Decision-feedback equalizer in 1.2&mu;m CMOS

Using a combination of architecture optimization techniques and unconventional circuit designs, a 60 MHz decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) chip is presented for high-bit-rate digital modem applications. The equalizer can accommodate quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK), and 16, 64, and 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and achieves a peak throughput rate of 480 MB/s. The chip contains four complex-valued programmable filter taps and incorporates coefficient updating circuitry for implementing the LMS adaptive algorithm with user-selectable adaptation step sizes. Cut-set retiming architecture techniques were used so that the chips could be cascaded to implement longer equalizer lengths without any speed degradation, and a circuit design technique called adaptively biased pseudo-NMOS logic (APNL) was adopted to reduce on-chip critical-path delays. The fully parallel chip architecture achieves a computational throughput of 1.44 billion operations per second (GOPS).
A Parabolic Potential Barrier-Oriented Compact Model for the $k_{B}T$ Layer's Width in Nano-MOSFETs

On the basis of a parabolic potential profile around the source-channel junction barrier of nanoscale MOSFETs, a new compact model is physically derived, which links the width of thermal energy kBT layer (a critical zone in the context of the backscattering theory) to the geometrical and bias parameters of the devices. The proposed model is supported by experimental data and by a critical analysis of various simulation works presented in the literature. The only fitting parameter remains constant in a wide range of channel length (10-65 nm), gate voltage (0.4-1.2 V), drain voltage (0.2-1.2 V), and temperature (100 K-500 K). The confusing temperature-dependent issues in the open literature are straightforwardly clarified.
A Ubiquitous Clinic Data Accessing Method Based on Resource Model

Delivering clinic information of patient at the point-of-care to physicians is critical to increase the quality of healthcare services, especially in emergency departments of hospitals. However, since that medical records and clinic data are distributed in different hospitals, it is sometimes difficult to collect clinic data of patient ubiquitously in case of urgency. In order to support the ubiquitous content accessing, in this paper, a resource model is first proposed to locate and get clinic data which are stored in heterogeneous hospital information systems. Then, a ubiquitous clinic data accessing method is proposed based on the resource model. In the proposed method, clinic data of patient is defined as resource with unique URL address. Related clinic data of one patient is collected together to form a combinational resource, and could be accessed by physician if authority is assigned to the physician. Finally, case study is discussed to illustrate the method of clinic data accessing through Internet from different healthcare units. The result shows that the clinic data of patients could be accessed more conveniently.
First vertically stacked GeSn nanowire pGAAFETs with Ion = 1850μA/μm (Vov = Vds = −1V) on Si by GeSn/Ge CVD epitaxial growth and optimum selective etching

High material quality of compressively strained GeSn quantum wells sandwiched by Ge barriers on 200mm SOI wafers by CVD are confirmed by reciprocal space mapping (RSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). Due to the growth of relaxed Ge buffer on SOI, the misfit dislocations are confined near the Ge buffer/SOI interface, yielding low defect densities in the stacked GeSn channels. The low selectivity of Cl<inf>2</inf>/HBr between GeSn and Ge, makes it impossible to perform the channel release for stacked devices by etching away the Ge barriers. The channel release by optimum H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> etching for stacked two GeSn nanowires with [Sn] = 6%, hole concentration = 1.3E19cm<sup>−3</sup>, and channel length (L<inf>CH</inf>) = 150nm yields I<inf>on</inf> per channel width = 1400μA/μm for junctionless (JL) devices. Further improvement of Ion to reach record value of I<inf>on</inf> = 1850 p.A/p.m is achieved by increasing [Sn] to 10%, hole concentration to 6.7E19cm<sup>−3</sup> and reducing the L<inf>CH</inf> to 60nm. Additional 6.3% enhancement of I<inf>on</inf> is obtained by additional uniaxial compressive strain using wafer bending. The best SS values of 84mV/dec and 88mV/dec are obtained for single-wire and stacked two-wire channels, respectively. JL has lower low frequency (LF) noise than inversion mode (IM) due to its bulk conduction nature. The mobility of JL and IM is dominated by impurity scattering and phonon scattering, respectively, according to the temperature dependence.
A geodesic selection based variational model for 3D liver segmentation

The segmentation of liver, especially the abnormal liver with tumors, is a challenging task. Due to the presence of tumor and intensity inhomogeneity in CT scans, the liver consists of multiple sub-regions with distinct appearances. Moreover, the liver and the tumor share the similar intensity and ambiguous boundaries with neighboring structures/organs, which make the separating surfaces ambiguous. Under the framework of active contour, we construct a joint model of delineating the whole liver with a single level set representation. The final result and computational efficiency is improved compared to segmenting the parts independently. The level set evolution on the multiple regions is guided to the desired boundary by a novel geodesic selection scheme. As a result, in each sub-region the most relevant appearance and boundary knowledge are automatically used. Besides, a weighted histogram for the local appearance description is introduced for the precise boundary detection. A quantitative and comparative performance assessment is carried out over a publicly available benchmark with competitive results.
Geographic Information and Node Selfish-Based Routing Algorithm for Delay Tolerant Networks

In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), some routing algorithms ignore that most nodes are selfish, i.e., nodes are willing to use their own resources to forward messages to nodes with whom they have a relationship. In view of this phenomenon, we propose a routing algorithm based on Geographic Information and Node Selfishness (GINS). To choose a forwarding node, GINS combines nodes' willingness to forward and their geographic information to maximize the possibility of contacting the destination. GINS formulates the message forwarding process as a 0-1 Knapsack Problem with Assignment Restrictions to satisfy node demands for selfishness. Extensive simulations were conducted, and results show that GINS can achieve a high delivery ratio and a lower hop count compared with GRONE and LPHU. Furthermore, its overhead ratio is 25% and 30% less than that of GRONE and LPHU, respectively.
FlyCap: Markerless Motion Capture Using Multiple Autonomous Flying Cameras

Aiming at automatic, convenient and non-instrusive motion capture, this paper presents a new generation markerless motion capture technique, the FlyCap system, to capture surface motions of moving characters using multiple autonomous flying cameras (autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) each integrated with an RGBD video camera). During data capture, three cooperative flying cameras automatically track and follow the moving target who performs large-scale motions in a wide space. We propose a novel non-rigid surface registration method to track and fuse the depth of the three flying cameras for surface motion tracking of the moving target, and simultaneously calculate the pose of each flying camera. We leverage the using of visual-odometry information provided by the UAV platform, and formulate the surface tracking problem in a non-linear objective function that can be linearized and effectively minimized through a Gaussian-Newton method. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate the plausible surface and motion reconstruction results.
The design of intelligent building control system

The design of the system considered PC as control center, communicated through the RS232/RS485 modular converter, the RS485 bus, single-chip, and multi-sensors. The various subsystems monitored the single-chip as core and realized the real-time monitoring of anti-theft systems, fire protection systems, flammable gas detection system, emergency lighting circuit system. The system made use of VB programming to establish a friendly man-machine interface of the monitoring system.
A bit-level pipelined implementation of a CMOS multiplier-accumulator using a new pipelined full-adder cell design

A bit-level pipelined 12*12-bit two's-complement multiplier with a 27-bit accumulator has been designed for applications in high-speed digital communication systems. A new quasi n-p domino logic structure has been investigated and adopted in this multiplier-accumulator design. When used in fully-pipelined circuits, this logic structure results in a much shorter propagation delay in comparison with conventional CMOS logic, pseudo-NMOS logic, and even standard n-p domino (NORA) logic. The chip complexity is approximately 10000 transistors, and the die area is 9.3 mm/sup 2/ in a 1.25- mu p-well CMOS technology. Based on SPICE simulations using conservative device parameters, the clock speed is projected to be over 150 MHz (i.e. >150 million multiply-accumulate operations per second), and the estimated power-speed ratio is 16 mW/MHz.<<ETX>>
Simulation of PD location in power transformer based on Root Multiple Signal Classification method

Due to the heavy calculation and low estimation precision with little signal-to-noise (SNR) of MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm in partial discharge location used ultrasonic phased array, in this paper, a new location method is proposed based on Root-Multiple Signal Classification(Root-MUSIC). Firstly, Root-MUSIC algorithm is used for direction of arrival estimating of PD source. Secondly, space location of PD source is realized by crossover location principle. Finally, the result of simulation based on 7×7 plane phased array model vertifies the correctness of the new method.
A reconfigurable decision-feedback equalizer chip set architecture for high bit-rate QAM digital modems

A 70-MHz decision-feedback equalizer chip set using novel architecture and circuit design techniques that can accommodate a wide variety of modulation formats (QPSK, 16-, 64-, 256-QAM) is proposed. The equalizer is configurable into either a symbol-spaced or fractionally spaced structure. The CMOS chips are full cascadable to implement longer filter lengths without any speed degradation, and the coefficient updating circuitry for implementing the LMS algorithm is included on-chip.<<ETX>>
500-kV EHV Bundle Conductors' Corona Onset Voltage Calculation and Analysis in Corona Cage at Different Altitudes

In order to research an altitude's effect on corona onset voltage of bundle conductors in a corona cage, a calculation model was established, and corresponding test proceeded. The charge simulation method was adopted to calculate space electric-ήeld strength. According to self-sustained discharge criterion in a severe nonuniform electric ήeld, and variation of altitude, the corona onset voltage calculation model of bundle conductors in a corona cage was established. The corona onset voltages of bundle conductors, which were used in the 500-kV extremely high voltage transmission line, were tested at different altitude locations, as Wuhan 19 m, Xining 2261 m, Golmud 2829 m, and Nachitai 3800 m. Corona onset voltages of 4 × LGJ - 0400/5 and 4 × LGJ - 300/25 were obtained. The corona onset voltage curves at different altitude, bundle spacing, and bundle numbers were obtained. The analysis shows that the model can be used to provide accurate values of corona onset voltage for bundled stranded conductors in the corona cage at various altitudes. With bundle spacing from 350 to 500 mm, the corona onset voltage decreases as bundle spacing increases, and the onset voltage increases as the bundle number increases. As altitude increases every 1000 m, the corona onset voltage of bundle conductors decreases by about 8.5%.
3-Layer specific pedestrian continuous tracking framework

Pedestrian tracking is an important research direction and hot spot in the field of machine vision. In this paper a 3-layer specific pedestrian continuous tracking framework based on secondary feature extraction is proposed. Firstly, we give the image features set used in secondary feature extraction, as well as feature set difference measurement method and online feature weight Adjustment method. Secondly, a 3-layer continuous frame framework is described in detail: detection layer, tracking layer and management layer, and the pedestrian tracking tasks can be executed quickly and efficiently. Experiments show that this framework can complete the pedestrian tracking task in realtime and robustly.
Light Field Reconstruction Using Convolutional Network on EPI and Extended Applications

In this paper, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework is developed for light field reconstruction from a sparse set of views. We indicate that the reconstruction can be efficiently modeled as angular restoration on an epipolar plane image (EPI). The main problem in direct reconstruction on the EPI involves an information asymmetry between the spatial and angular dimensions, where the detailed portion in the angular dimensions is damaged by undersampling. Directly upsampling or super-resolving the light field in the angular dimensions causes ghosting effects. To suppress these ghosting effects, we contribute a novel “blur-restoration-deblur” framework. First, the “blur” step is applied to extract the low-frequency components of the light field in the spatial dimensions by convolving each EPI slice with a selected blur kernel. Then, the “restoration” step is implemented by a CNN, which is trained to restore the angular details of the EPI. Finally, we use a non-blind “deblur” operation to recover the spatial high frequencies suppressed by the EPI blur. We evaluate our approach on several datasets, including synthetic scenes, real-world scenes and challenging microscope light field data. We demonstrate the high performance and robustness of the proposed framework compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. We further show extended applications, including depth enhancement and interpolation for unstructured input. More importantly, a novel rendering approach is presented by combining the proposed framework and depth information to handle large disparities.
The analysis and research of Wireless Sensor Network coverage optimization algorithm

Network coverage is one of the important indicators to measure the performance of sensor network, and is one of the basic problems of sensor network. We can study the problem of area coverage in order to find ways to improve sensor network service quality. Based on the introduction and analysis of the multiple area coverage algorithms, this paper studies and analyzes the Dividing Domain Algorithms, Delaminating and Non-Uniformity Coverage algorithm and Neighbourhood Node Utmost Coverage Algorithm, summarize and compare these algorithm characteristics, and the current main problems of covering algorithm are discussed.
A novel implantable saw sensor for blood pressure monitoring

A novel implantable surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor has been developed for blood pressure monitoring. The sensor is a wireless and batteryless microsystem composed of an SAW resonator, an oscillating circuit and an RF power converter. The total volume of the sensor is 1.9cm3 and the weight is 2.5g including its bio-compatible silicone coating. The sensitivity of the sensor is 1.75 KHz/mmHg. In vivo tests have been performed in a rat, showing the capability of the sensor for monitoring the blood pressure of small laboratory animals.
A 60-Mbaud adaptive transversal equalizer in 1.0-/spl mu/m CMOS for QAM digital modems

A 60-Mbaud QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) linear transversal equalizer IC which contains four complex-valued filter taps achieves a computational throughput of 1.44 GOPS (giga operations per second). The chip is cascadable and includes on-chip LMS (least mean square) coefficient updating circuitry. The 78,000-transistor 6.5-mm /spl times/ 7.5-mm IC dissipates 950 mW at 60 MHz.
Researching on future spectrum management based on cognitive radio

The influence of cognitive radio to future spectrum management was discussed through the aspects of management. And this paper has discussed the goals and purpose of the future spectrum management and announced that the future spectrum management function will be placed on the cognitive radio nodes. We give the point that the independence between policies and behaviors, behaviors and protocols can improve the mobility of spectrum management and brings the flexibility. And architecture of the future spectrum management involved a spectrum database and a policy database has been proposed. Also, a proposed layering framework of future spectrum management was presented, and the relative management processing is demonstrated too.
A Dynamic Reward Model Using SDP-Based Mechanism

Recently due to the launching of 4G services and evolving in mobile technology, it is rapidly changing and strictly competitive in telecom market. Therefore, telecom operators develop a great many of reward campaigns to encourage customers consume more data usage and to raise customer loyalty. However, reward returned to customers varies only if data usage changes without other charging factors. Customers who consume the same data usage obtain equal returned reward. Furthermore, the reward for customers has no differentiation or customer segmentation, such as a heavy data usage customer or a light data usage one. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reward model using Smart Data Pricing (SDP) based mechanism depending on customers' not only real-time information but also different historical usage patterns for each charging factor. Compared to a typical reward model which considers only data usage, it can better customers' intention in consuming data usage and increase the revenue and customer satisfaction for telecom operators. As a result, our approach can encourage customers to stay with existing telecom operators to get more reward and reduce the churn rate. It can not only achieve goals of target selling, up-selling and real-time selling but also ease network congestion effectively.
Deep oxide trench termination structure for super-junction MOSFET

Deep oxide trench isolation with a p-type pillar guard is suggested as the termination structure for a high voltage super-junction (SJ) MOSFET device. With an additional p-type pillar guard, such a structure can result in a trapezoidal field profile in depth along the oxide trench sidewall and the device has improved breakdown voltage limited by an intrinsic super-junction structure.
A method of board — Level solder degradation analysis under harmonic excitation using regression approximation model

The paper investigates the problem of degenerative model of board-level solder joint subjected to harmonic vibration load with the constant frequency fixed amplitude. Based on the experimental monitoring signal, square root amplitude, waveform factor and kurtosis factor can be used as the degradation quantity by analyzing ten amplitude domain statistics' correlation and significance. Square root amplitude is the highest degree of nonlinear correlation with the experimental time. Waveform factor and kurtosis factor are more sensitive to the failure state of solder joint. The fourier approximation model, the sine approximation model and the polynomial approximation model based on degradation quantity, have been used for the solder joint degradation model. And the superiority of the models has been compared from three aspects: goodness-of-fit index, multi-stage characterization and tail data test. It is shown that the sine approximation model and the fourier approximation model are similar to the signal fitting effects of solder joint in the different failure states. And the two models are superior to the polynomial approximation model. The tail data of the sine approximation model is the best, and the degenerative model is more accurate, which characterizes the degradation of the joint under constant stress.
Obstacle avoidance approach in dynamic environment using sonar range finder and optic mice

This paper proposes a method of real-time obstacle avoidance for autonomous mobile robots in local dynamic environment using multi-sensor data fusion. Due to the effectiveness of the optic-mice sensors, a model of the optic-mice sensors , from which the robot can acquire more accurate self- motion information. This paper also presents an approach to complete enhancement based on the earlier Vector Field Histogram algorithm (VFH), which is called VFH#. It improved the first layer of VFH algorithm in particular. By using this way, robots can select a more appropriate steeling angle in local dynamic environments. The results of experiments with a Pioneer robot demonstrated that robot obstacle avoidance can be obtained using the proposed method.
Spatial distribution of the high energy density plasma in a coaxial gun for surface modification

The coaxial plasma gun, by generating the pulsed High Energy Density Plasma (HEDP) with a simple method, is an effective method for materials surface modification. It incorporates fast quenching, ion implantation and film deposition into one process, and produces a modification layer of strongly adhesive to the substrate. The spatial distribution of the plasma stream ejected from the coaxial gun determines the surface modification. In this paper, this problem was investigated on a 40 kV gas-puff coaxial plasma gun by using thermal sensitive (Fax) paper and dosimeter.
Vibration failure processes evaluation of board level solder joints based on degeneration data

Degeneration data can provide important life information of solder joints. In this paper, a statistical regression model is proposed to evaluate the failure process of board level solder joints under vibration load. First, the fixed frequency and amplitude vibration test is conducted, and the voltage signals at both sides of the solder joint are collected through a bleeder circuit and a high-speed multi-channel data acquisition system, followed by the extraction of the statistical characteristic of the failure signal, the establishment of a monotonic degeneration function, and the setup of thresholds for different failed processes. Finally, the real time voltage signal of the board-level solder joints is used to recognize and evaluate the different failure processes, so as to realize the early warning for electronic equipment. Through an experimental analysis, this method can effectively identify the status of solder joints, serving as a new approach to electronic equipment prognostics and health management (PHM) and providing a new detection method for the board-level electronics reliability assessment.
Weight-based clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

We propose a weight-based clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. A new cluster head selection algorithm is developed in the proposed protocol. This algorithm aims at selecting better cluster heads in the network in order to minimise the energy dissipation of intra-cluster and inter-cluster data transmission. The load balance of the cluster heads is also considered when selecting cluster heads. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated and compared with two existing clustering-based protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves better energy efficiency and longer network lifetime.