nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectrum analysis of nonlinear distortion of RF power amplifiers for wireless signals

One of the critical and costly components in digital cellular communication systems is the RF power amplifier. Theoretically, one of the main concerns in an RF power amplifier design is the nonlinear effect of the amplifier. Quantitatively, no explicit relationship or expression currently exists between the out-of-band emission level and the nonlinearity description related to the third-order intercept point (IP/sub 3/). Further, in experiments and analysis, it was discovered that, in some situations, using IP/sub 3/ only is not accurate enough to describe the spectrum regrowth, especially when the fifth-order intercept point (IP/sub 5/) is relatively high compared to the third-order intermodulation. In this article, we analyze the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier in CDMA (IS-95 standard), TDMA (IS-54 standard) and Motorola iDEN system, give an expressions of the estimation of the out-of-band emission levels for each system expression by power spectrum respectively, in terms of the IP/sub 3/ and IP/sub 5/, as well as the power level of the signal. This result will be useful in the design of RF power amplifier for these wireless communication systems.
Determination of l-menthol in Qingxuanwan by callipary GC

To develop an GC method for content determination of l-menthol in Qingxuanwan.  The sample was determinated by GC after being extracted by ethanol with ultrasonic extractor. The GC-FID experiments were performed on an Aglient 6890N GC equipped with flame ionization detector (FID). DB-WAX column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25μm) was used. The injector, column and detecto rtemperatures were 250°C, 160°C and 250°Crespectively. The samples were injected by split mode. The ratio of split was 5:1. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The injection volume was 2 μl.  The average recovery was 98.0% and RSD was 0.7%(n=6).  The method is proved to be sensitive and accurate, and can be used to control the quality of Qingxuanwan.
Energy-based controller for parallel-type double inverted pendulums with restricted cart rail length

In this paper, the Newton-Euler method is used to establish the mathematical model of a parallel-type double inverted pendulums system(PDIPS). A new energy-based swinging up strategy is proposed for the PDIPS with restricted cart rail length. The controller is developed by a Lyapunov function in the form of two pendulums energy and the carts velocity. The way to swing up two pendulums is to drive the total energy of the two pendulums to its potential energy at the vertical. Since the pendulum is cart-type, this paper gives an analysis of traveling distance of the cart. The proposed controller can also make the speed of the cart converge to zero such that the restriction on the rail length is satisfied. The corresponding stability analysis is guaranteed by Lyapunov techniques and LaSalles invariance theorem. The designed controller has a simple structure, good convergence performance and easy tuning parameters. We also illustrate the good performance of the proposed swing-up law through simulation and experiment.
Analysis and simulation of a line-start single-phase capacitor-start, capacitor-run permanent magnet motor

A general simulation model of the line-start single-phase capacitor-start, capacitor-run permanent-magnet motor (LSSPPM) is constructed by using Simulink in MATLAB according to the analysis of its mathematical model. A user-friendly interactive man-machine interface is designed after masking the model. Finally, the validity of the simulation model is tested and verified via a simulation experiment.
PageRank Tracker: From Ranking to Tracking

Video object tracking is widely used in many real-world applications, and it has been extensively studied for over two decades. However, tracking robustness is still an issue in most existing methods, due to the difficulties with adaptation to environmental or target changes. In order to improve adaptability, this paper formulates the tracking process as a ranking problem, and the PageRank algorithm, which is a well-known webpage ranking algorithm used by Google, is applied. Labeled and unlabeled samples in tracking application are analogous to query webpages and the webpages to be ranked, respectively. Therefore, determining the target is equivalent to finding the unlabeled sample that is the most associated with existing labeled set. We modify the conventional PageRank algorithm in three aspects for tracking application, including graph construction, PageRank vector acquisition and target filtering. Our simulations with the use of various challenging public-domain video sequences reveal that the proposed PageRank tracker outperforms mean-shift tracker, co-tracker, semiboosting and beyond semiboosting trackers in terms of accuracy, robustness and stability.
Non-ubiquitous digital watermarking for record indexing and integrity protection of medical images

Two novel non-ubiquitous digital watermarking schemes are proposed and evaluated in parallel (one in the spatial domain and one in the wavelet domain) for the purpose of record indexing and integrity protection of medical images. A fingerprint of the regions of interest (ROI) in a medical image is generated using the MD5 message-digest algorithm [R. Rivest, April 1992], and it is embedded along with the medical record information into the non-ROI parts of the image. Our experiments show that with both schemes, a payload of 420 bits of information can be achieved watermarking clinical cytogenetic images, without affecting image content in the ROI nor incurring perceptible differences between original and watermarked images. Furthermore, the resulting watermarked images can survive common image processing operations such as cropping, JPEG compression, sharpening, and their combinations.
Research on au-Parameter Fuzzy Concept Lattice for Grid Resource

It is a pivotal task how to organize and manage resources for Grid researchs and applications.This paper first proposes Grid resource management strategies by employing tau-parameter fuzzy concept lattice and fuzzy concept trie and combines FCA theory with Grid resource management technology. The formal concept definitions of Grid and resource are given and tau-parameter fuzzy concept lattice model of the Grid resources is proposed.The extent trie and intent trie of fuzzy concepts for the Grid resources are constructed and the algorithms are developed for trie creation and retrieval to resources and services by FCA method.Experiments and application examples show that our method of resource organization and management is feasible and effective.
Recognizing Gaits Across Views Through Correlated Motion Co-Clustering

Human gait is an important biometric feature, which can be used to identify a person remotely. However, view change can cause significant difficulties for gait recognition because it will alter available visual features for matching substantially. Moreover, it is observed that different parts of gait will be affected differently by view change. By exploring relations between two gaits from two different views, it is also observed that a part of gait in one view is more related to a typical part than any other parts of gait in another view. A new method proposed in this paper considers such variance of correlations between gaits across views that is not explicitly analyzed in the other existing methods. In our method, a novel motion co-clustering is carried out to partition the most related parts of gaits from different views into the same group. In this way, relationships between gaits from different views will be more precisely described based on multiple groups of the motion co-clustering instead of a single correlation descriptor. Inside each group, a linear correlation between gait information across views is further maximized through canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Consequently, gait information in one view can be projected onto another view through a linear approximation under the trained CCA subspaces. In the end, a similarity between gaits originally recorded from different views can be measured under the approximately same view. Comprehensive experiments based on widely adopted gait databases have shown that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Py-GC/MS Analysis on Bio-Energy Sources of Acetic Ether Extractives of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Wood

The high-grade resource recovery on acetic ether extractives in E. camaldulensis wood was analyzed by means of Py-GC/MS, and relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. Results showed that main constituents of acetic ether extractives were ergosta-4,6, 22-trien-3.beta.-ol (12.53%), 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro -1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1- methylethyl)-, methyl ester (10.87%),oleic acid (10.65%), etc. So it can be concluded that rare medicinal materials and spice are not only abundant in acetic ether/acetone extractives, but also its by-products can be used as top-grade cosmetics, bioenergy etc.
The Use of a Fiber Comb Filter Fabricated by a CO$_{2}$ Laser Irradiation to Improve the Resolution of a Ratiometric Wavelength Measurement System

An edge filter-based ratiometric wavelength measurement system is modeled and analyzed in this paper. The results confirm that the noise of input signal and photodetectors limits the resolution of the wavelength measurement system. The achievable resolution is calculated for a given noise level of the input signal and photodetectors' resolution. An improved ratiometric wavelength measurement system consisting of two fiber comb filters is presented both theoretically and experimentally, which performs coarse and fine wavelength measurements simultaneously. The resolution of the system is significantly improved to better than 5 pm while maintaining the potential for high measurement speed and wide measurable wavelength range.
Study and Case Analysis on the Information Supportive Platform for Manufacturing Internationalization

In the process of internationalization, Chinese manufacturing enterprises should build an information supportive platform that is adaptable to their own internationalization strategy as technical support and operational platform. To meet the needs of manufacturing internationalization such as distributed manufacturing, multi-factory manufacturing, multi-decision-making-center manufacturing, multi-logistics-center manufacturing and global supply chain management, this platform must integrate and deploy advanced information technology, automation technology, modern management technology and manufacturing based on the Internet and cooperative environment. Referring to the correlated case and according to their own internationalization strategy, enterprises in various positions can adopt different patterns of information supportive platform, including Web services+ASP pattern for small- and medium-sized enterprises which implement passive internationalization strategy, semi-platform pattern for enterprises which implement positive internationalization strategy and whole-platform pattern for enterprises which implement expansion internationalization strategy, to raise the effectiveness and efficiency of the information supportive platform, improve the enterprises' flexibility and agility, respond to the dynamic and changeable requirements of international market in a quicker, better and more economical manner. It is proved by facts that the establishment of an information supportive platform suitable for the internationalization strategy of manufacturing enterprises will enhance their core competition power and upgrade their products and services, and promote them to occupy a higher position in international competition
Depth propagation in 2D-to-3D conversion based on frame clustering

Depth propagation plays an important role to improve the quality of converted video in 2D-to-3D conversion. During depth propagation, the propagation path is usually along the time. In this paper, a new depth propagation algorithm is proposed to improve the quality of depth propagation by changing the propagation path according to frame clustering. The frames are clustered via K-means clustering based on HSV color histogram. The frame at the center of each cluster is selected as the keyframe of the cluster and the other frames are taken as the non-keyframes attaching to the keyframe. The depth information of keyframe is propagated to the non-keyframes within the same cluster directly. The performance of the proposed depth propagation algorithm is evaluated by MSE of the propagated depth map comparing with several existing algorithms. The comparison results show that the depth propagation errors can be reduced a lot by the proposed clustering based propagation.
Wavelet-based enhancement of human chromosome images

Human chromosomes contain important information for cytogenetics analysis. Cytogeneticists compare their patient's chromosome images against the prototype human chromosome band patterns. Computer enhancement of chromosome bands in the images facilitate visualization and karyotyping. Currently available systems employing conventional convolution filtering are similar to photomicroscopy in their ability to support the detection of band pattern alterations. Improvement in visualization quality and capability of effective band enhancement for detail analysis would significantly increase the cost-effectiveness of these instruments. In this paper we describe a new technique developed for human chromosome image enhancement, based on the cubic-spline wavelet transform and multiresolution image analysis. Under this approach, chromosome band pattern features can be characterized compactly in the transform domain by a multiresolution image representation. Enhancement of these features can be achieved with designed flexibility in scale, orientation, location, and degree of enhancement, by analyzing and selectively processing the transform coefficients. This technique promises improved image enhancement means to assist the evaluation of chromosome abnormalities in clinical samples. Experimental results are presented to exemplify the feasibility of the approach.
A PSR CC/CV Flyback Converter With Accurate CC Control and Optimized CV Regulation Strategy

This paper presents a primary-side regulation constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) Flyback ac–dc converter characterized by high efficiency and high precision of constant current control. In CC mode, a novel ring detection and demagnetization portion control technique is proposed, with which the ending time of demagnetization can be accurately determined and the portion of demagnetization in switching periods remain precisely the same, which enable the accuracy of constant current output that can reach a level as high as ±0.8%. In CV mode, a power stage model based on steady-state analyzing method is established, according to which the expression of static power loss is first obtained. After that total power loss expression including switching loss is derived as well. By MATLAB simulation, power loss mechanism is revealed and analysis is made in detail. According to which, optimized parameters of Flyback converter system and an effective CV regulation strategy are obtained eventually. Simulation as well as experimental results verifies the efficiency of the ac–dc converter system after optimization that can be more than 84.7% at 5 V/1 A application.
Violent video detection based on MoSIFT feature and sparse coding

To detect violence in a video, a common video description method is to apply local spatio-temporal description on the query video. Then, the low-level description is further summarized onto the high-level feature based on Bag-of-Words (BoW) model. However, traditional spatio-temporal descriptors are not discriminative enough. Moreover, BoW model roughly assigns each feature vector to only one visual word, therefore inevitably causing quantization error. To tackle the constrains, this paper employs Motion SIFT (MoSIFT) algorithm to extract the low-level description of a query video. To eliminate the feature noise, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is exploited for feature selection on the MoSIFT descriptor. In order to obtain the highly discriminative video feature, this paper adopts sparse coding scheme to further process the selected MoSIFTs. Encouraging experimental results are obtained based on two challenging datasets which record both crowded scenes and non-crowded scenes.
Flip-chip BGA applied high-density organic substrate

In the area of high-end logic devices, high pin counts, high speed and high thermal dissipation are strongly required for packages. A Flip-Chip BGA (FC-BGA) has been developed for such requirements. The FC-BGA has successfully realized up to 1681 pin counts and lower crosstalk noise, by using a high-density organic substrate with the 30 /spl mu/m/30 /spl mu/m line and spacing width rule and optimizing the substrate layer structure. Furthermore, in order to realize a highly reliable package, the Under Bump Metal (UBM) made of Ni/Cu/Ti for eutectic solder bump was developed and the flux-less bonding process was introduced. The FC-BGA packages applied high-density organic substrate has been developed for leading edge logic devices of networking and computing systems.
Bent SMS fibre structure for temperature measurement

A temperature sensor fabricated using a bent singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fibre structure is presented. Experimental results show, that compared to a sensor based on a straight SMS fibre structure, this temperature sensor has a much higher sensitivity of 31.97 pm/°C over a temperature range from 20 to 80°C, based on the measurement of the mean 3 dB wavelength shift, and offers a resolution of 0.1°C for a temperature range from 45 to 80°C when demodulated by a simple ratiometric interrogation technique.
Determination of Chemical Components of Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Chinese-Fir Wood by GC/MS

The chemical components from benzene/ethanol extractives of fresh Chinese-fir wood were separated and identified by GC/MS after enriched. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 18 compounds representing 94.96% of the extractives were identified. The main and abundant constituents were octadecanoic acid, methyl ester(16.95%), nonadecanoic acid, methyl ester (cas) (15.23%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (cas) (7.12%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (cas) (6.83%), dibutyl phthalate(6.09%), cholest-5-en-3-ol (3a)- ,carbonochloridate(5.45%), isopropyl myristate(4.52%), hexadecane (cas) (4.31%), benzene (cas) (4.09%), 3,7,11,15- tetramethyl- 2-hexadecen-l-ol(4.01%), tetradecanal (cas) (3.62%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (cas) (3.57%), a-cedrene (3.30%), nonadecane(3.14%), 1- tridecanol (2.96%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2- methylpropyl) ester (cas) (2.21%), and so on. The most components of benzene/ethanol extractives of fresh Chinese-fir wood are not only abundant and healthy to human, but also used as bioenergy.
Implementation of a simplified network processor

Programmable packet processors have replaced traditional fixed-function custom logic in the data path of routers. Programmability of these systems allows the introduction of new packet processing functions, which is essential for today's Internet as well as for next-generation network architectures. Software development for many existing implementations of these network processors requires a deep understanding of the architecture and careful resource management by the software developer. Resource management that is tied to application development makes it difficult for packet processors to adapt to changes in the workload that are based on traffic conditions and the deployment of new functionality. Therefore, we present a network processor design that separates programming from resource management, which simplifies the software development process and improves the system's ability to adapt to network conditions. Based on our initial system design, we present a prototype implementation of a 4-core network processor using the NetFPGA platform. We demonstrate the operation of the system using header-processing and payload-processing applications. For packet forwarding, our simplified network processor can achieve a throughput of 2.79 Gigabits per second at a clock rate of only 62.5 MHz. Our results indicate the proposed design can scale to configurations with many more processors that operate at much higher clock rates and thus can achieve considerable higher throughput while using modest amounts of hardware resources.
Investigation into PR profile representation through method of OVL focus subtraction based on a case of Overlay AEI-ADI offset on contact layer of advanced technology node

In this paper, we present a study on the overlay (OVL) offset issue in contact (CT) layer aligned to poly-silicon (short as poly) layer (prior layer) in an advanced technology node [1, 2]. We have showed the wafer level OVL AEI-ADI offset (AEI: After Etch Inspection;  AEI minus ADI). Within the shot level map, there exists a center-edge difference. The OVL focus subtraction map can well match the OVL AEI-ADI offset map. Investigation into this interesting correlation finally leads to the conclusion of PR tilting. The method of OVL focus subtraction can therefore be a powerful and convenient tool to represent the OVL mark profile.
Aggregate Determination of Chemical Components of Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Phyllostachys Heterocycla by GC/MS

The chemical components from benzene/ethanol extractive of fresh Phyllostachys heterocycla shavings were separated and identified by GC/MS after enriched. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 73 compounds of the extractives were identified. The main and abundant constituents were as: vitamin E, hexadecanoic acid(cas), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, tetradecane,2,6,10-trimethyl-, dodecane, indole, dodecane, tridecane, nonadecane, pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,21- dihydroxy-,(lla)-, heptacosane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester, quercetin 7,3',4'-trimethoxy, lH-indole, lupeol, dibutyl phthalate, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3a)-, undecane, ethyl linoleate, and so on. The most components from benzene/ethanol extractives of fresh Phyllostachys heterocycla are not only abundant and healthy to human, but also used as fine bioenergy.
Behavior of iron magnetization and magnetic separation during roasting cyanide tailings

Given the comprehensive utilization problems of tailings in gold smelting, the behavior of iron in the roasting process is discussed in this paper and the optimal conditions are obtained through reduction roasting of the cyanide tailings. The results show that the amount of iron in the cyanide tailings is 35.55%, but the amount of magnetic iron is only 0.28% of all the iron. An iron ore concentrate with iron grade of 52.81% and recovery of only 20.43% can be obtained by high-intensity magnetic separation to the cyanide tailings. After being reduction roasted at the conditions of 750°C,addition volume of pulverized coal 6%,1h and water cooling, the magnetic iron reached up to 84.83%. Have low-intensity magnetic separation on the roasted tailing, the iron grade of the iron ore concentrate is 64.39% and the recovery is 84.67%.