nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A description algorithm for community structure

In the last decade, a large number of graph mining algorithms have been proposed. But there are only a few descriptions about community structure. The communities in different network have different structure, and even in the same network the communities may have different community structure. If we can't describe the community structure reasonably, it is difficult to use the communities which are gotten from the community detection algorithms. Many community detection algorithms may have no meaning. In this paper, the community structure would be described from four different aspects. They are inside properties which describe the community in terms of the community itself, outside properties which describe the community in terms of relationship between communities, level properties which describe community in terms of relationship between the large community and the small communities which compose to the large community at different level, and dynamic properties which describe the evolution information of the communities in different time. Futher, a description algorithm based on the statistic is proposed. In this description algorithm, the community structure information can be descriped in detail and can be used for futher analysis. Also, the community structure can be described in different levels by choosing different statistic rules. A data structure is also proposed to save the community structure information for the purpose of searching it quickly.
Dark line detection with line width extraction

Automated line detection is a classical image processing topic with many applications such as road detection in remote images and vessel detection in medical images. Many traditional line detectors, such as Gabor filter, the second order derivative of Gaussian and Radon transform will response not only to lines but also to edges, e.g. they will give high responses to the edges of bright lines or blobs when only dark lines are required. To reduce false detections when extracting only dark (or bright) lines, in this paper we propose a line detector by using the first derivative of Gaussian. It can detect dark lines without much false detection on blobs or bright lines. Meanwhile, the proposed method can estimate line width simultaneously. Experiments on various images are performed to test the proposed algorithm.
Automatic Image Segmentation by Dynamic Region Merging

This paper addresses the automatic image segmentation problem in a region merging style. With an initially oversegmented image, in which many regions (or superpixels) with homogeneous color are detected, an image segmentation is performed by iteratively merging the regions according to a statistical test. There are two essential issues in a region-merging algorithm: order of merging and the stopping criterion. In the proposed algorithm, these two issues are solved by a novel predicate, which is defined by the sequential probability ratio test and the minimal cost criterion. Starting from an oversegmented image, neighboring regions are progressively merged if there is an evidence for merging according to this predicate. We show that the merging order follows the principle of dynamic programming. This formulates the image segmentation as an inference problem, where the final segmentation is established based on the observed image. We also prove that the produced segmentation satisfies certain global properties. In addition, a faster algorithm is developed to accelerate the region-merging process, which maintains a nearest neighbor graph in each iteration. Experiments on real natural images are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed dynamic region-merging algorithm.
A plaster antenna for healthcare, telemedicine and disposable electronics

A small WIFI/Bluetooth low cost antenna based on a commercially available wash proof plaster and conductive textiles is developed for healthcare and telemedicine applications. The antenna shows good -10 dB reflection coefficient and radiation patterns performance in isolation as well as on the body. Furthermore, it lends itself to being rolled out and stuck on many surfaces, therefore further demonstrating the viability of using plaster strips for disposable electronics.
An Improved Identity-Based Batch Verification Scheme for VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have recently received considerable attention. To widely deploy VANETs in the civilian area, it is critical to tackle the secure and privacy challenges in VANETs. In this paper, we propose a scheme referred as IIBV to meet the requirements of security and privacy in VANETs. Specially, we exploit several methods to improve the security of a recent identity-based batch verification scheme for VANETs based on ideal tamper proof devices. In our improved scheme, we assume an attacker cannot recover the secret in a tamper proof device within a reasonable period of time. Vehicles are distributed into different groups maintained by RSUs who may update their private-public keys periodically. The privacy of vehicles is protected by employing pseudo identities and one-time signing keys. As to the efficiency of the scheme, batch verification algorithms are applied to reduce the delay of the message authentications.
A Modified Canonical Piecewise-Linear Function-Based Behavioral Model for Wideband Power Amplifiers

A modified canonical piecewise-linear function (CPWL)-based model is proposed for characterizing wideband power amplifiers. The model has a similar structure of the decomposed vector rotation (DVR) model but without DVR operations, in which the first-order basis function can be replaced by a second-order function by analysis. The model has lower complexity than the DVR model and the model parameter scan be estimated by least-square method. Experimental results show that the proposed model nearly gives the same normalized mean square error performance as the DVR model when a wideband Doherty power amplifier is excited by a 5-carrier long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) signal of 100 MHz bandwidth.
Based on Data Mining Research of Enterprise Intelligence Asset Management System

In this article, the rough set theory as the core algorithm combined with data pretreatment made up for its lack of itself, determine interest in degrees by using of analysis of confidence and support. Finally, establishment of the discernibility matrix, reduction of attributes and knowledge display by JAVA language combined with JAVA and MYSQL establish the typical JSP database applications. Intelligence asset management system based on data mining is established. Three functions, such as knowledge mining, knowledge management and the result forecast are achieved.
A 24-GHz fully integrated phase-locked loop for 60-GHz beamforming

A 24-GHz fully integrated integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented in this paper. Benefiting from the bias noise filtering technique, the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in the loop achieves a low phase noise. Moreover, the supply voltage of VCO is as low as 0.8-V due to the low-threshold-voltage transistors used in the design. The proposed PLL is fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the PLL achieves a phase noise of -85dBc/Hz in band and -112dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset from the carrier frequency of 24GHz. The whole chip occupies an area of 1.3 × 0.8mm2 and consumes 36-mW from a 1.2-V supply voltage (a 0.8-V supply voltage for VCO) excluding output driving buffers.
Directed xor/xnor Logic Gates Using U-to-U Waveguides and Two Microring Resonators

We propose and demonstrate a directed optical logic circuit, which can perform the XOR and XNOR logical operations based on U-to-U waveguides and two microring resonators. Compared to the previous structure, no waveguide crossings exist in the proposed circuit, which is beneficial to reduce the insertion loss and crosstalk of the device. Two electrical signals representing the two operands of the logical operation are employed to modulate two microring resonators through the thermo-optic effect, respectively. The operation result is represented by the output optical signal. For proof of principle, XOR and XNOR operations at 10 kb/s are demonstrated.
A Biologically Inspired Sensor Wakeup Control Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents an artificial ant colony approach to distributed sensor wakeup control (SWC) in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to accomplish the joint task of surveillance and target tracking. Each sensor node is modeled as an ant, and the problem of target detection is modeled as the food locating by ants. Once the food is found, the ant will release pheromone. The communication, invalidation, and fusion of target information are modeled as the processes of pheromone diffusion, loss, and accumulation. Since the accumulated pheromone can measure the existence of a target, it is used to determine the probability of ant-searching activity in the next round. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first biologically inspired SWC method in the WSN. Such a biologically inspired method has multiple desirable advantages. First, it is distributive and does not require a centralized control or cluster leaders. Therefore, it is free of the problems caused by leader failures and can save the communication cost for leader selection. Second, it is robust to false alarms because the pheromone is accumulated temporally and spatially and thus is more reliable for wakeup control. Third, the proposed method does not need the knowledge of node position. Two theorems are presented to analytically determine the key parameters in the method: the minimum and maximum pheromone. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in comparison with representative methods.
Calibration of an InSAR-Derived Coseimic Deformation Map Associated With the 2011 Mw-9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake

We map the coseismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake with data from three descending Envisat/ASAR tracks and six ascending ALOS/PALSAR tracks that cover most of northeastern Japan. Due to the inaccurate estimation of the satellite status, orbital ramps commonly exist in the coseismic interferograms, which resulted in inconsistency among the deformation maps released by several research groups. In this letter, calibration has been performed to accurately remove these ramps by a 2-D quadratic-phase model derived based on GPS measurements from the ARIA team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech. The average RMS of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements, as compared with GPS measurements at the validation stations, has decreased from 17.8 to 7.7 cm after the orbital ramp correction is made, indicating that much more accurate InSAR measurements are achieved. The corrected coseismic deformation from the InSAR measurements is consistent with not only the GPS observations at the individual GPS stations but also with the coseismic deformation interferogram from interpolated GPS observation in the SAR viewing directions. The corrected coseismic deformation measurement results show a maximum line-of-sight displacement of up to 3.7 m from the ascending PALSAR tracks and 2.4 m from the descending ASAR tracks, respectively.
Centroid-track based method for SAR jamming effect evaluation

Investigation on the electronic countermeasure (ECM) methods and techniques against synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and its effect evaluation are becoming one of the important topics in the field of electronic warfare (EW). However, the problem of how to evaluate the jamming effect outcomes when several novel ways of ROI detection used in the processing of the SAR image. A new method for jamming effect evaluation is set up in this paper, based on centroid-track of ROI. A number of feature points, in the SAR image before jamming, are selected as the characteristics of configuration based on the prior information. The K/M guidelines are taken to judge the existence of the object. The equal centroid is got by means of calculation the information of the amplitudes and the position of every target. The serial centroids are associated and renovated by using sequential Least squares, and the centroid track is formed for jamming assessment by its deviation degree to the normal track without jamming. Advantages are deduced through the analytical expressions of the detection performance. Simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the method.
Adaptive Filtering for Stochastic Systems With Generalized Disturbance Inputs

This letter presents a new class of discrete-time linear stochastic systems with the statistically-constrained disturbance input, which can represent an arbitrary linear combination of dynamic, random, and deterministic disturbance inputs to generalize the complicated modeling error encountered in actual applications. An adaptive filtering scheme is proposed for such systems by recursively constructing and adaptively minimizing the upper-bounds of covariance matrices of the state predictions, innovations, and estimates. The minimum-upper-bound filter is then obtained via online scalar convex optimization. The experiment on maneuvering target tracking shows that the proposed filter can significantly reduce the peak estimation errors due to maneuvers, compared with the well-known IMM method.
Automatic parametric model development technique for RFIC inductors with large modeling space

We present an automatic method to extract parametric model for RFIC inductors in large modeling space covering a wide range of geometrical variables. We use a modified double-pi network as the equivalent circuit topology of the inductor model. Lumped element values are computed using empirical functions which are formulated in terms of inductor geometries and numerical coefficients. The automated method extracts coefficients through optimization of circuit model and electromagnetic (EM) data. An intelligent mapping scheme is formulated to map geometries of inductors to equivalent circuit components using neural networks making the model suitable for handling wide range of geometrical variations. Model developed in this way shows good accuracy compared to EM data with a significant reduction of developmental cost.
Construction of Underground Transportation Hub Safety Monitoring Simulation System

In underground transportation hub, different platforms in the same station belong to different lines. So safety information sharing and linkage control of equipments among platforms become the key link for the safe operation and disaster prevention and reduction in hub. Based on the analysis of present URT (Urban Rail Transit) comprehensive monitoring system, the scheme of establishing a HCC (Hub Control Center) in hub station is proposed in this paper to realize information sharing and linkage in different platforms. Taking transfer station of two different lines as an example, simulation system based on Cybercontrol is constructed in our laboratory software platform, which realizes information exchanges and collaboration linkage between two different platforms in fire situation.
Automatic segmentation and identification of whistles produced by dolphins

Previously, abundant analysis and researches have been devoted to the marine acoustic signals of dolphins. In attempt to obtain the accurate signal segments and classify the categories of acoustic data, most researchers divide the signal and classify them manually. This paper aims to introduce a new method of automatically segmenting and identifying whistles and clicks of dolphins. By analyzing the spectrogram of acoustic signal with binarization processing by a self-adapting threshold, the time series about the sound contour could be obtained. Focusing on the time sequence, signals could be segmented automatically by heuristic segmentation algorithm, which could further automatically identify the clicks and whistle by Runs Test.
Connectivity in mobile tactical networks

In today's network-centric battlefield, the ad hoc style, self-organizing networks play a more and more important role in the operation of mobile forces that are deployed quickly to meet the tactical demands. However, the unique features of the tactical scenario also pose significant challenges for networking, which makes the existing research results for the general mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) difficult to be reused directly. In this paper, we focus on the connectivity issue of the mobile tactical networks (MTNs). To better describe the special formation-oriented mobility pattern of MTNs, a more realistic node-following mobility model is used, based on which the neighbor connectivity is obtained from both the geometrical and physical communication point of view for not only 1-D but also 2-D network scenarios. After that, we further evolve our recently proposed decomposition and recursion method to derive the end-to-end connectivity for some formations commonly used in the MTNs. All our analytical results are verified by extensive simulations. We believe that this work is able to shed new lights on the MTNs' performance characteristics, which can be used for guiding the development of the next-generation MTNs.
Analysis of cell spectral efficiency of infrastructure relay-enhanced cellular system

In this paper, we investigate the downlink spectral efficiency of infrastructure relay-enhanced cellular systems. In particular, we use the average achieved spectral efficiency at an arbitrary mobile receiver in presence of co-channel interference, termed as cell spectral efficiency (CSE), to quantify the benefit of relay transmission in terms of lower co-channel interference power. We derive the exact analytical expression of CSE for relay-enhanced system with different transmission strategies while taking into account the random user locations and the impact of pass loss. We show through selected numerical examples that the relay-enhanced systems have the potential to achieve much better CSE performance over the conventional systems.
A Puncturing Method for Ring Convolutional Coded Continuous Phase Modulation

In this paper, high-rate coded continuous phase modulation (CPM) schemes are investigated using the puncturing method. With Rimoldi’s Decomposition, the high-rate channel encoder over rings cascaded with the continuous phase encoder (CPE) can be treated as an overall encoder. Some typical low rate code generators and corresponding puncturing matrices with maximum normalized minimum squared Euclidean distance (NMSED) are searched and given. Numerical results show the decoded complexity of the high-rate ring convolutional coded CPM schemes is significantly reduced with small degradation in error performance compared to the parent low-rate coded schemes.
A method of partial exploded view generated automatic based on disassembly sequence planning

A method of automatically generating partial exploded view based on disassembly sequence planning was proposed. To reduce the computation complexity, the ant colony optimization was used to solve the disassembly sequence. To acquiring the reasonable disassembly sequence the disassembly matrix was used. The optimal disassembly sequence concerning with the connection of sequence, the direction change of sequence were given by the algorithm. The method of calculating the exploded distance among parts based on the AABB (Axis-aligned bounding box) was given. Finally, comparing with UG NX, a case study proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
Armature Reaction Field and Inductance of Coreless Moving-Coil Tubular Linear Machine

Analysis of armature reaction field and inductance is extremely important for design and control implementation of electromagnetic machines. So far, most studies have focused on magnetic field generated by permanent-magnet (PM) poles, whereas less work has been done on armature reaction field. This paper proposes a novel analytical modeling method to predict the armature reaction field of a coreless PM tubular linear machine with dual Halbach array. Unlike conventional modeling approach, the proposed method formulates the armature reaction field for electromagnetic machines with finite length, so that the analytical modeling precision can be improved. In addition, winding inductance is also analytically formulated to facilitate dynamic motion control based on the reaction field solutions. Numerical result is subsequently obtained with finite-element method and employed to validate the derived analytical models. A research prototype with dual Halbach array and single phase input is developed. Experiments are conducted on the reaction field and inductance to further verify the obtained mathematical models.
A fast coreset minimum enclosing ball kernel machines

A fast coreset minimum enclosing ball kernel algorithm was proposed. First, it transfers the kernel methods to a center-constrained minimum enclosing ball problem, and subsequently it trains the kernel methods using the proposed MEB algorithm, and the primal variables of the kernel methods are recovered via KKT conditions. Then, detailed theoretical analysis and rigid proofs of our new algorithm are given. After that, experiments are investigated via using several typical classification datasets from UCI machine learning benchmark datasets. Moreover, performances compared with standard support vector machines are seriously considered. It is concluded that our proposed algorithm owns comparable even superior performances yet with rather fast converging speed in the experiments studied in this paper. Finally, comments about the existing problems and future development directions are discussed.
A Composite Exponential Model to Characterize Nonlinearity Causing Passive Intermodulation Interference

Passive intermodulation (PIM) interference that occurs in communication systems could limit the communication capacity and increase the manufacturing and maintenance costs. In this letter, a composite exponential model is developed to characterize the weak nonlinearity of passive components that causes PIM generation accurately. This proposed model fully considers the correlation between the PIM products on each order and the relation of PIM products with variation of carrier powers. For verification, a microwave filter is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this composite model, and the reliability of this model is proved by the sensitivity analysis due to measurement uncertainty. Besides, the good agreement between the calculated powers of PIM products and the measured data shows that it can provide a theoretical guidance for PIM performance assessment in engineering application, thereby evaluating the influence of PIM interference on communication quality effectively.
A 64dB gain 60GHz receiver with 7.1dB noise figure for 802.11ad applications in 90nm CMOS

A 60GHz receiver for 802.11ad application with superior performance in 90nm CMOS process, compared with prior arts in advanced processes, is proposed and realized. A 3-stage differential LNA achieves a gain of 19.8dB and a noise figure of 6dB in measurement, showing less than 0.3dB difference from simulation due to the elaborate consideration of parasitics. A baseband PGA with wideband and large gain tuning range is achieved from modified Cherry-Hooper amplifier with negative capacitive neutralization technique. The entire receiver achieves a double-side-band NF of 7.1dB and a maximal conversion gain of 64dB with 28dB tuning range, while consuming only 177mW of power. The measured output P1dB is -5.5dBm. All measured results are rigorously loyal to the simulation.