nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an intelligent low-voltage power capacitor

As to the disadvantages of large size, complex internal structure, bad maintainability, inflexible application of the traditional reactive power compensation devices, a new intelligent low-voltage power capacitor based on LPC2388 processor is proposed, which takes the power factor and reactive power as the controlling quantity while considering the effect of voltage. The device can achieve the functions of zero-cross switching of capacitor, including turning on the switch while the voltage is zero and turning off the switch while the current is zero. With the control strategy of seven-zone diagram, it can effectively prevent the concussion of switching and realize fast and accurate switching of capacitor. Different devices can communicate with each other by RS485. Users can choose the type and quantity of this device to form low voltage reactive compensation equipment satisfying with various load requirements. The experiment results show that, the device proposed in this paper can reduce reactive power effectively and can play an important role in reducing reactive loss in the power line and improving the security of power grid.
Modern Image Quality Assessment

This book is about objective image quality assessmentwhere the aim is to provide computational models that can automatically predict perceptual image quality. The early years of the 21st century have witnessed a tremendous growth in the use of digital images as a means for representing and communicating information. A considerable percentage of this literature is devoted to methods for improving the appearance of images, or for maintaining the appearance of images that are processed. Nevertheless, the quality of digital images, processed or otherwise, is rarely perfect. Images are subject to distortions during acquisition, compression, transmission, processing, and reproduction. To maintain, control, and enhance the quality of images, it is important for image acquisition, management, communication, and processing systems to be able to identify and quantify image quality degradations. The goals of this book are as follows; a) to introduce the fundamentals of image quality assessment, and to explain the relevant engineering problems, b) to give a broad treatment of the current state-of-the-art in image quality assessment, by describing leading algorithms that address these engineering problems, and c) to provide new directions for future research, by introducing recent models and paradigms that significantly differ from those used in the past. The book is written to be accessible to university students curious about the state-of-the-art of image quality assessment, expert industrial R&D engineers seeking to implement image/video quality assessment systems for specific applications, and academic theorists interested in developing new algorithms for image quality assessment or using existing algorithms to design or optimize other image processing applications.
Objective quality assessment of tone-mapped videos

With the fast advances in video acquisition, computational imaging, and display technologies, there has been a growing interest in high dynamic range (HDR) videos. Tone mapping operators (TMOs) that convert HDR content to low dynamic range (LDR) ones provide a practically useful solution for the visualization of HDR videos on standard LDR displays, where the user experience highly depends on the performance of the TMOs being used. Without an appropriate perceptual quality measure, different TMOs cannot be compared. Subjective experiments may be a reliable solution, but is time consuming, expensive, and difficult to be embedded into optimization processes. Here we make one of the first attempts to develop an objective quality assessment model for tone-mapped videos that incorporates structural fidelity, statistical naturalness and memory effect. Validation using subject-rated tone-mapped videos show that the proposed method is well-correlated with subjective scores.
An Approach to Multi-attribute Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision Making with Incomplete Weight Information

The interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute decision making problems are investigated, in which the decision information is expressed as interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrices, and the information about attribute weights is incomplete. The score matrix of the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix is constructed. Based on the score matrix and the given attribute weight information, several optimization models are established to generate optimal weights for attributes. Furthermore, a procedure is developed to identify the best alternative(s). Finally, a global supplier selection example is used to illustrate the developed procedure.
Image Deblurring Using Derivative Compressed Sensing for Optical Imaging Application

The problem of reconstruction of digital images from their blurred and noisy measurements is unarguably one of the central problems in imaging sciences. Despite its ill-posed nature, this problem can often be solved in a unique and stable manner, provided appropriate assumptions on the nature of the images to be recovered. In this paper, however, a more challenging setting is considered, in which accurate knowledge of the blurring operator is lacking, thereby transforming the reconstruction problem at hand into a problem of blind deconvolution. As a specific application, the current presentation focuses on reconstruction of short-exposure optical images measured through atmospheric turbulence. The latter is known to give rise to random aberrations in the optical wavefront, which are in turn translated into random variations of the point spread function of the optical system in use. A standard way to track such variations involves using adaptive optics. Thus, for example, the Shack-Hartmann interferometer provides measurements of the optical wavefront through sensing its partial derivatives. In such a case, the accuracy of wavefront reconstruction is proportional to the number of lenslets used by the interferometer and, hence, to its complexity. Accordingly, in this paper, we show how to minimize the above complexity through reducing the number of the lenslets while compensating for undersampling artifacts by means of derivative compressed sensing. Additionally, we provide empirical proof that the above simplification and its associated solution scheme result in image reconstructions, whose quality is comparable to the reconstructions obtained using conventional (dense) measurements of the optical wavefront.
Applications of Objective Image Quality Assessment Methods [Applications Corner]

The interest in objective image quality assessment (IQA) has been growing at an accelerated pace over the past decade. The latest progress on developing automatic IQA methods that can predict subjective quality of visual signals is exhilarating. For example, a handful of objective IQA measures have been shown to significantly and consistently outperform the widely adopted mean squared error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) in terms of correlations with subjective quality evaluations .
Quality-of-experience prediction for streaming video

With the rapid growth of streaming media applications, there has been a strong demand of objective models that can predict end users' quality-of-experience (QoE) when watching the video being streamed to their display devices. Existing methods typically use bitrate and global statistics of stalling events as the QoE indicators. This is problematic for two reasons. First, using the same bitrate to encode different video content could result in drastically different presentation QoE. Second, the interactions between presentation visual quality and playback stalling are not accounted for. Here we propose a novel QoE prediction approach that takes into consideration the instantaneous quality degradation due to perceptual video presentation impairment, the playback stalling events caused by imperfect network delivery, and the instantaneous interactions between presentation quality and playback stalling. The proposed algorithm demonstrates strong promise when tested using a subject-rated video streaming QoE database.
Multicarrier DS/SFH-CDMA systems

Multicarrier direct-sequence/slow-frequency-hopping (MC DS/SFH) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are proposed, in which multiple carriers are modulated by the same DS waveform and hopped in frequency according to a random hopping pattern. The receiver dehops the received signal with the same pattern, provides RAKE receivers for each carrier, and combines the outputs with a maximal ratio combiner (MRC). The performance of the proposed system is investigated over a frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading channel and compared to that of the MC DS-CDMA systems. It is shown that for the same diversity order, the MC DS/SFH-CDMA systems are superior in reducing multiple-access interference (MAI) while preserving the good capability of narrowband interference suppression, when the system parameters are selected properly.
An agent-based distributed service model for nomadic users

Nomadic information access provides considerable and hence desirable convenience for mobile users, but it comes with new challenges introduced by wireless communication, user mobility and limited resources in portable devices. The traditional approaches to client-server architectures have to be reevaluated in mobile wireless environments. This paper presents an innovative agent-based distributed service model which focuses on providing a generalized infrastructure to enable efficient nomadic service access. The model supports asynchronous service lookup, dynamic service invocation and flexible adaptation to environments, thus improves the service availability and service quality as well as reduces network bandwidth consumption. Furthermore, mobility specific location dependent services are integrated in this model.
Simulation study on a new dual-material nanowire MOS surrounding-gate transistor

In this paper, a novel field effect nanowire MOS transistor taking advantage of both dual-material gate and surrounding gate is proposed and performance characteristics are demonstrated numerically in detail. Surrounding-gate transistor is known to be used to enhance the electrostatic control of the channel, and dual-material-gate structure is extended from split-gate field effect transistor to obtain larger current and better short-channel performance. Three dimensional device simulations with Sentaurus Device are performed on this dual-material surrounding-gate transistor. Higher driving current, high I ON /I OFF ratio and suppressed short-channel effects are obtained with this novel device structure.
On SSIM-bit rate comparison of HEVC encoders

The popular Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index has shown to be a good perceptual criterion for testing and optimizing video encoders such as the MPEG-H/H.265 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). However, it is still unclear how to compare two HEVC encoders with a number of bit rates and SSIM values. In this work, we study the video quality comparison of HEVC encoders based on the Bit Rate-SSIM (R-S) curves. Our contributions are three-fold. First, we exploit how to interpolate an R-S curve when only a small number of R-S samples are available. We also develop to minimize the weighted sum of squared errors during the interpolation process, where the weights are pre-defined by users to satisfy the diversified requirements. Second, we propose an approach to evaluate the perceptual coding gain in terms of the R-S improvement between two individual video encoders. Third, as an application, we utilize the proposed approach to compare the R-S performances of HEVC encoders with different configurations.
Prediction by Integration of Phase Space Reconstruction and a Novel Evolutionary System under Deregulated Power Market

In deregulated power markets, forecasting electricity loads is one of the most essential tasks for system planning, operation and decision making. Based on an integration of two machine learning techniques: a hybrid evolutionary algorithm which combines PSO and Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm Search approach based on test-sample error estimate criterion (PSO-AFSAS-TEE) and support vector regression (SVR), this paper proposes a novel evolutionary model for future electricity load forecasting. The proposed evolutionary model adopts an integrated architecture to optimize the prediction of time series. Firstly, the theory of Phase Space Reconstruction (PSR) technique was used for nonlinear dynamic system analysis and prediction with the chaotic load series. Then, a PSO-AFSAS-TEE evolutionary system is proposed to choose the parameters of SVR automatically in time series prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated with actual data taken from the Australia Power Grid.
Analysis of Duopoly Price Competition Between WLAN Providers

With the rapid development of wireless Internet services, several WLAN service providers may coexist in one public hotspot to compete for the same group of customers, leading to an inevitable price competition. The charged price and the provisioned packet loss at each provider are major factors in determining users' demands and behaviors, which in turn will affect providers' revenue and social welfare. 
 
In this paper, we set up a novel game model to analyze a duopoly price competition. We first show the users' demands are distributed between providers according to a Wardrop Equilibrium and then prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium on providers' charged prices. Through analysis, we further find that in Nash equilibrium state the social welfare is very close to its maximal value in cooperative situation. Furthermore, the providers' aggregate revenues also do not decrease when the users have high sensitivity about the charged prices. Thus the competitive duopoly WLAN market can still run in an efficient way even in the absence of complex regulation schemes.
Adaptive Resource Allocation with Packet Retransmissions in OFDMA Systems

In orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, efficient resource allocation is very important to improve the performance of the OFDMA system. In this paper, the resource allocation scheme is investigated by considering different criterions to packets on first transmissions and on retransmissions. Under a bit error rate (BER) constraint, the objective is to maximize the throughput of packets on first transmissions, meanwhile decreasing the longest packet delay caused by retransmitted packets and guaranteeing all packets on retransmissions to be sent out. A low-complexity suboptimal algorithm that separates allocation for packets on retransmissions and on first transmissions is proposed. Adaptive modulation scheme is adopted to guarantee the BER constraint, except the modulation for each retransmitted packet remains the same. In order to improve retransmission liability, the retransmitted packets are combined with its failed packets in previous transmission.
Throughput Maximization of Downlink MC-CDMA Systems

Motivated by the increasing popularity of multi- carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems, this letter studies the throughput maximization of MC-CDMA as a downlink multi-carrier multiple-access scheme and presents the theoretical analysis for the optimal solution to throughput optimization problem of downlink MC-CDMA systems. Then, a low-complexity allocation method is proposed with negligible throughput loss. Finally, several resource allocation principles are presented.  In the third-generation (3G) communication systems, code division multiple access (CDMA) (1)-(3) has been adopted as a major multiple access technique. Meanwhile, in a wideband channel, multi-carrier transmission realized by orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has become popu- lar due to its robustness to multipath interference and high spectral efficiency. Therefore, CDMA has been considered to be involved with a multi-carrier transmission to exploit the benefits of the two techniques. Several multiple access schemes that combine CDMA and multi-carrier transmission have been proposed for the future fourth generation (4G) wireless communication systems (4). Among these schemes, multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has drawn a lot of attention as a good candidate for the 4G
Adaptive Quantization Parameter Cascading in HEVC Hierarchical Coding.

The state-of-the-art High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard adopts a hierarchical coding structure to improve its coding efficiency. This allows for the quantization parameter cascading (QPC) scheme that assigns quantization parameters (Qps) to different hierarchical layers in order to further improve the rate-distortion (RD) performance. However, only static QPC schemes have been suggested in HEVC test model, which are unable to fully explore the potentials of QPC. In this paper, we propose an adaptive QPC scheme for an HEVC hierarchical structure to code natural video sequences characterized by diversified textures, motions, and encoder configurations. We formulate the adaptive QPC scheme as a non-linear programming problem and solve it in a scientifically sound way with a manageable low computational overhead. The proposed model addresses a generic Qp assignment problem of video coding. Therefore, it also applies to group-of-picture-level, frame-level and coding unit-level Qp assignments. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed QPC scheme is able to adapt quickly to different video contents and coding configurations while achieving noticeable RD performance enhancement over all static and adaptive QPC schemes under comparison as well as HEVC default frame-level rate control. We have also made valuable observations on the distributions of adaptive QPC sets in the videos of different types of contents, which provide useful insights on how to further improve static QPC schemes.
FPGA Implementation for Image Processing Module in TCON

In order to satisfy the special demand for image display in TFT-LCD, this paper presents a synthesis design and its implementation for image processing in TCON of TFT-LCD. The modules, including contrast adjustment, luminance adjustment, Gama correction and dithering technique, are designed to deal with the zoomed image, and at the same time, match the real-time requirements. All the modules are successfully synthesized and simulated with EDA tools and then implemented in FPGA. The experimental results show that the designed TCON in FPGA with improved modules can substitute one in a commercial LCD, and obtain the video image with high speed and fine definition. KeywordsFPGA; Image Processing;
Rate-SSIM optimization for video coding

The structural similarity (SSIM) index has been found to be a good indicator of perceived image quality. In this paper, we propose a rate-SSIM optimization scheme for mode selection in H.264/AVC video coding. To derive the Lagrange multiplier based on the properties of input sequences, a novel reduced-reference statistical SSIM model and a source-side information combined rate model are established. The proposed method is fully standard-compatible. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with conventional rate distortion optimization coding schemes, the proposed scheme can achieve better rate-SSIM performance and provide better visual quality.
Performance of wideband CDMA systems with complex spreading and imperfect channel estimation

The coherent RAKE reception of wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) signals with complex spreading is considered. A general multipath-fading channel model is assumed. A dedicated pilot channel, which is separate from the data channels, is used for the purpose of channel estimation. Based on a digital implementation, the coherent demodulation scheme is presented. Pilot channel estimation error, due to multiple access and multipath interference, is studied. The system performance is evaluated by means of the bit error rate (BER). The analysis shows that the error of channel estimation significantly degrades system performance and can be effectively suppressed by low pass filters (LPFs). A discussion on the envelope variation of complex spread signals is also included, which illustrates that the complex spread signal has a more stable envelope than the dual-channel spread signal. The power ratio of pilot to data channels should be chosen in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 (or -7 to -4 dB), in order to achieve maximum system capacity.
Adaptive transmission in distributed MIMO multiplexing

Distributed antenna system (DAS) or distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can enhance the cellular throughput performance, thanks to the largely separated multiple remote antenna units (RAU) which can experience the different large scale fading and the small scale fading. So far, much research work has been published in the DAS. However, to the authors' best knowledge, there is no research work which deals with the impact of the large scale fading effect on the throughput performance when practical data modulation, adaptive modulation, and signal detection schemes are used. How the bits should be allocated to the different RAUs is an important research topic in the DAS. In this paper, we consider two bit allocation methods: statistical channel based allocation and instantaneous channel based allocation. How the bits are allocated to each RAU are expressed by using simple equations based on statistical and instantaneous channel. Using numerical computation, how the large scale fading and bit allocation methods affect the throughput performance of distributed MIMO system are evaluated.
Properties of defect states in one-dimensional photonic crystals with structural defect layer made by left-handed material

Photonic Crystal (PC) is of an artificially optical material with periodically modulated dielectric, which leads to the generation of photonic band gaps (PBGs). Furthermore, one-dimensional (1-D) PCs with structural defects have received extensive interest because they may serve as natural waveguide and only allow a narrow range of frequencies of light wave to propagate in the PCs. These features should bring about many novel applications to optical devices, such as all-optical circuit, dielectric mirrors, Fabry-Perot filters and distributed feedback lasers, etc. Recently, Fink et al. reported that the 1-D PC possesses the feature of omnidirectional reflection for all the polarizations of incident light, which provides ability to reflect the incident light with arbitrary incident angle. Therefore, this novel property furnishes a wide platform for practical applications. In this presentation, we focus on the investigation of the dispersion spectra in the 1-D PCs with structural defect layer made by the left-handed material with the use of transfer-matrix method. We study the variations of the dispersion spectra of photons when changing the thickness and the refractive index (negative or positive) of the defect layer. It is found that the defect modes can be engineered by inserting the defect layer into the PCs and changing the thickness and the refractive index of defect layer, for instance, the defect layer made by the left-handed material or right-handed material.