nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Web-based course on designing and manufacturing lead-free products

Since 2/13/2003, lead-free has been a law in the European Union. The implementation date is 7/1/2006. That means, starting from that date, all electronic equipment cannot be made in and shipped to the EU if they have lead content right now, the electronics industry is working/learning very hard to design and manufacture lead-free products. The objective of this paper is to develop a Web-based course on designing and manufacturing of lead-free products. It contains teaching modules on the key elements of lead-free products and can be modified to produce short courses for practicing engineering professionals and extended for delivery on the Web to a wide variety of audiences. By teaching it as an Internet-based course, it can be provided to universities and associated learning institutions, which then have the opportunity to select and arrange the modules in difference ways to customize the courses for their students and sponsors.
A Case Study: A Model-Based Approach to Retrofit a Network Fault Management System with Self-Healing Functionality

Adding self-healing capabilities to network management systems holds great promise for delivering important goals, such as QoS, while simultaneously lowering capital expenditure, operation cost, and maintenance cost. In this paper, we present a model-based approach to add self-healing capabilities to a fault management system for cellular networks. We propose a generic modeling framework to categorize software failures and specify their dispositions at the model level for the target system. This facilitates the deployment of a control loop for adding autonomic capabilities into the system architecture, which include self-monitoring, self-healing, and self-adjusting functionality. While self- monitoring oversees the environmental conditions and system behavior, self-healing is accomplished by instrumenting the system with self-adjusting operations. We include a case study on a prototype intelligent network fault management system to illustrate this approach by showing how these autonomic capabilities can be added and deployed. Specifically, these autonomic capabilities are derived from self-model specifications, and are used to mitigate the risk of specified failures and maintain the health of the system in response to different types of faults encountered.
An image fusion algorithm based on shearlet

We put forward a new method for multi-focus image fusion based on the shearlet transform. It is combined with the multi-scale method for capturing the geometry features of the multidimensional data. Firstly, the shearlet transform is adopted to classify the original image in both the scales and directions to get the low and high frequency sub-band coefficients. Secondly, based on the coefficients, we analyze the relationship between the low frequency coefficients and the sharpness of the image, a weighted averaging scheme is presented. Finally, the high frequency coefficients are obtained by selecting the corresponding larger absolute value. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible with the better quality than the state-of-the-art one.
Dynamic Policy Updating Based on One-Point Coverage Random Sets Theory

Aiming at the dynamic policy trigger problem in policy based network management, this thesis first introduces the uncertain information generated by one-point coverage random sets theory and also the unified framework of fuzzy information. On the basis of which, according to the feature of policy based network management, a model used to update the predicted information using present known information, experience, and knowledge is designed. At the same time, this thesis put forward that, take the semblance of policy as constant probability in product space conditional event algebra, so as to execute information fusion of multiple sets of related policy. In the end, compared with the policy based inference system and then analyze the result.
A Novel Non-Isolated Full Bridge Topology for VRM Applications

In this paper a new topology is introduced to solve the narrow duty cycle and hard switching problems of the interleaved Buck converter voltage regulator module. The new topology is called the non-isolated full bridge (NFB). In comparison to the interleaved Buck converter, it operates with a significantly wider duty cycle and can achieve zero voltage switching at turn on for the high side MOSFETs. The NFB can significantly reduce the input peak current and transfers a portion of the primary side energy directly to the load thereby reducing the stress on the synchronous rectifiers and filter inductors. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that the new non-isolated full bridge can significantly improve the performance of a VRM.
Design and analysis of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer system with Class-E inverter

Magnetic coupling resonant Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System is widely used in the medium distance field as a novel technology. This paper presents a WPT system with a proper Class-E inverter structure. In order to solve the problem of the frequency splitting in WPT system. A method is proposed in the system to trace the emission frequency and the receive frequency and control the frequency. Finally, the simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms. In the end, simulation experimental results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Multiscale Model of Reentry Plasma Sheath and Its Nonstationary Effects on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

During reentry, plasma sheath is affected by many flight factors, such as trajectory, velocity, angle of attack, and fluid turbulence. As a result, the plasma parameters are time-varied and nonstationary. The nonstationary effects of reentry plasma sheath on electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation are investigated in this paper. First, the factors that affect the plasma sheath are analyzed, and the plasma sheath variation is divided into three scales. A multiscale reentry plasma sheath electron density model is established. A compatible modeling method is proposed, and this method is proven effective. Finally, we analyze the effects of plasma sheath on EM wave at 1.57542, 2.2, and 5 GHz, which are generally used in GPS and telemetry, tracking, and command systems. Results show that the statistical parameters of complex transmission coefficients are time-varied and nonstationary.
A CMOS-based neural implantable optrode for optogenetic stimulation and electrical recording

This paper presents a novel integrated optrode for simultaneous optical stimulation and electrical recording for closed-loop optogenetic neuro-prosthetic applications. The design has been implemented in a commercially available 0.35μm CMOS process. The system includes circuits for controlling the optical stimulations; recording local field potentials (LFPs); and onboard diagnostics. The neural interface has two clusters of stimulation and recording sites. Each stimulation site has a bonding point for connecting a micro light emitting diode (μLED) to deliver light to the targeted area of brain tissue. Each recording site is designed to be post-processed with electrode materials to provide monitoring of neural activity. On-chip diagnostic sensing has been included to provide real-time diagnostics for post-implantation and during normal operation.
An Uncertainty Oriented Grade Estimation Method Based on Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network

Grade estimation is one of the most complicated aspects in mining. Its complexity originates from scientific uncertainty. In this paper, a fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) is proposed for grade estimation. This fuzzy neural network uses wavelet basis function as membership function whose shape can be adjusted on line so that the networks have better learning and adaptive ability. The new FWNN method combing the properties of the fuzzy computing and the advantages of wavelet neural networks provide fast and reliable ore grade estimation, with minimum assumptions and minimum requirements for modeling skills. The FWNN grade estimation method has been tested on a number of real deposits. The result shows that the FWNN has advantages of rapid training, generality and accuracy grade estimation approach. It can provide with a very fast and robust alternative to the existing time-consuming methodologies for ore grade estimation.
Detecting changes in high resolution remote sensing images using superpixels

In this paper, in order to detect changes in high resolution remote sensing images, we propose an MRF-based change detection method combined with the semantic information. Two temporal high resolution remote sensing images are represented by features of superpixels. For given images, we transform the change detection problem into a binary classification problem by combining differences in both low-level features and semantic information in MRF smoothing framework. All pixels are divided into two categories: changed or unchanged, so we can extract change information from classification result. Experimental results of two Geo-Eye1 high-resolution remote sensing images at different time demonstrate the efficiency of this proposed method. Detection combined with semantic information can significantly improve the result than only with low-level features. Adding Markov smoothing can also improve the detection results slightly.
A 10th order SC band-pass filter and its smooth filter design

This paper designs a 10th order switched-capacitor (SC) band-pass filter and its 6th order active-RC low-pass smooth filter. The center frequency and −3dB pass bandwidth of the SC filter are respectively 50kHz and 10kHz. The filters are used in a low-frequency communication system. At low frequency, the MOSFETs have large flicker noise. This paper designs an optimized low noise full differential op amp with rail-to-rail output. The filters are synthesized using an improved design approach , which is based on the active ladder synthesis method. With this approach, the precisions of the frequency response of the filters are improved and the dynamic ranges are increased. Post-layout simulation results of the total filters are ±0.5% of center frequency error, 0.4dB of pass-band ripple, below −83.5dB of stop-band rejection where stop-band width is 100kHz and 78.8dB of dynamic range.
Comprehensive evaluation of enterprise's technological innovation talent team based on analytic network process and grey related analysis

Innovation is very important for a company. Innovation can help companies obtain competitiveness. In the age of knowledge economy, innovation talent become most valuable asset. Respecting knowledge, respecting talent, especially developing and training technological talent should be given primary priority importance among priorities. This paper established the indicator system of evaluation of enterprise's technological innovation talent team. It used ANP to determine the weight of indicators. The positivism analysis targeted 8 enterprises' technological innovation talent team and used grey related analysis to determine the rank ordering of enterprises. The research can improve the technological talent environment, establish incentive mechanism, and reduce business talent drain and so on. It provides the theoretic and decision foundation for technological innovation talent environment construction and technological innovation talent cultivation model optimization.
Big Data in Urban Construction Archives and Urban Management: Detected Underground Pipes Alignment with Urban Construction Records

Cities are densely populated, with concentrated tall buildings and convenient transportation, reflecting their prosperity and developments. In urban construction archives, the records of underground pipe is very important for practical engineering. However, in real engineering sites, the buried pipes sometimes has the different layout from the records. Therefore, the survey is often carried out before excavation. In this paper, we present a method to align the detected pipe lines with existing records. In this method, the dynamic time warping (DTW) has been used for the alignment. In this way, the records and the detected records can be checked for consistency. The algorithm has been checked on several data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness.
Continuous-Time Acquisition of Biosignals Using a Charge-Based ADC Topology

This paper investigates continuous-time (CT) signal acquisition as an activity-dependent and nonuniform sampling alternative to conventional fixed-rate digitisation. We demonstrate the applicability to biosignal representation by quantifying the achievable bandwidth saving by nonuniform quantisation to commonly recorded biological signal fragments allowing a compression ratio of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx$</tex-math> </inline-formula>5 and 26 when applied to electrocardiogram and extracellular action potential signals, respectively. We describe several desirable properties of CT sampling, including bandwidth reduction, elimination/reduction of quantisation error, and describe its impact on aliasing. This is followed by demonstration of a resource-efficient hardware implementation. We propose a novel circuit topology for a charge-based CT analogue-to-digital converter that has been optimized for the acquisition of neural signals. This has been implemented in a commercially available 0.35 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology occupying a compact footprint of 0.12 mm<sup>2</sup>. Silicon verified measurements demonstrate an 8-bit resolution and a 4 kHz bandwidth with static power consumption of 3.75 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>W from a 1.5 V supply. The dynamic power dissipation is completely activity-dependent, requiring 1.39 pJ energy per conversion.
An innovative power module with power-system-in-inductor structure

This paper presents an integrated power module with the features of high power density and high efficiency. A multi-functional integrated magnetic component is designed. The component has the roles of both the filter inductor and the case of the whole power module. With the assist of finite element analysis (FEA), design and optimization of the proposed inductor are demonstrated. It has higher inductance value than the inductor used in conventional designs. It has bigger coil winding and larger surface area, leading to lower DCR and better thermal performances than plastic packaging. Benefiting from these advantages, the power module constructed based on the inductor can achieve higher efficiency and lower temperature than those based on traditional plastic packaging solutions. Design of the inductor is demonstrated through the combination of analytical and simulation methods. An inductor prototype is built and used in an integrated power module to do experimental tests. Loss breakdown of the power module is executed to show the loss of the magnetic component. The proposed power module shows better performances than the plastic packaging solution.
A new duty cycle parallel control method and FPGA implementation for AC-DC converters with power factor correction (PFC)

A new duty cycle parallel control method for AC-DC converter with power factor correction is proposed. The duty cycle required to achieve unity power factor consists of two terms: current term and voltage term. They are calculated directly based on the reference current and sensed inductor current, input voltage and output voltage. It requires only one multiplication and three addition operations for digital implementation so that the proposed PFC control method can be implemented by a low cost DSP, microprocessor, FPGA or an ASIC to achieve high switching frequency. This duty cycle parallel control essentially distinguishes from the conventional current mode control in which there are two regulators, one for voltage regulation and one for current regulation. Test results for a digital PFC implementation show that the proposed method can achieve unity power factor under both steady and transient state. Sinusoidal input current can be achieved under nonsinusoidal input voltage condition. The switching frequency of FPGA control boost PFC is 400 kHz. The proposed duty cycle parallel control strategy has high potential for the next generation of high switching frequency PFC implementation, due to its lower calculation requirement, lower cost and better performance than average current mode control
Differentially T-shape slot antenna with high common-mode suppression for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN MIMO systems

A novel design of a dual-band microstrip slot antenna with high common-mode(CM) suppression for wireless local area network(WLAN) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed MIMO antenna element consists of a T-shape slot and a inverted U-shape microstrip feed line. The T-shape shot includes both open-ended and short-ended slots. Open-ended and short-ended slots are exploited to obtain two resonant modes, whose center frequencies can be adjusted by the slot lengths. The T-shape slot on the top layer is fed by a pair of differential microstrip lines by proximity coupling. Simulated results show that the -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the MIMO antenna covers the 2.4/5.2/5.8 bands for WLAN applications. The measured isolation is better than 15dB for differential-mode(DM) signs in all bands. Besides, the radiation performance is also measured.
Dispensability of Bias for Three-layer Max-min Fuzzy Neural Networks

It is well-known that a conventional feedforward neural network always has bias (threshold) terms, which is necessary for it to solve classification or approximation problems. But for fuzzy neural networks (FNNs), it seems not quite clear yet whether the bias is dispensable or not. Some authors introduce the bias, while the others do not. We consider a three layers max-min FNNs, and prove that the bias indeed can be useless in certain cases specified in this paper.
A Survey of Service Identification Strategies

In service engineering, service identification plays a critical role as it lays the foundation for the later phases. Many existing research focus on creating holistic service oriented engineering process, generating SOA methodologies and frameworks, as well as proposing new service identification methods. Unfortunately, most methods deal with certain business cases and cannot provide universal guidance on service identification. While a few researchers have done surveys on various identification methods, they focus on describing the methods themselves, and the analysis is isolated from either the engineering process or the goals of SOA endeavor. In this paper we present a comprehensive understanding on service identification with software and service engineering process in consideration. We try to answer questions concerning about obtaining a generic service identification method. By examining recent research works we find some shared high-value activities among various methods, which works as a start point to solve the questions we presented. Detailed discussions are studied on these high-value activities. How to apply some frequent used activities under different environments are also covered.
Dynamic model and tip trajectory tracking control for a two-link flexible robotic manipulator

In this paper, the dynamic model of a two-link flexible robotic manipulator is established in which the body coordinate references of flexible arms adopt clamped-free cases so that the control laws are easily performed. Based on the technique of input-output linearization, the dynamic model is partially linearized. The joint variables are decoupled from the elastic variables. A new coordinate frame is set up by the observable output. In order to avoid the unstable internal dynamics of the tip tracking control system, a nonlinear state feedback control law with the elastic stabilization for two-link flexible manipulators is designed. A sufficient condition for asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is derived. Simulation results prove the efficiency of this control law.
A zero-voltage switched PWM boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit

A zero-voltage switched (ZVS) PWM boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit is proposed in this paper. This converter can be operated with PWM control because ZVS operation is achieved with an auxiliary resonant circuit that has few switching losses and handles much less power than the main power circuit as it is activated for only a small fraction of the switching cycle. Moreover, peak switch stresses are lower than those found in other proposed converters because some of the energy circulating in the auxiliary circuit is fed to the load. In the paper, the modes of converter operation are explained and analyzed, design guidelines are given, and experimental results are presented.
A Current Source Gate Driver Achieving Switching Loss Savings and Gate Energy Recovery at 1-MHz

In this paper, a new current source gate drive circuit is proposed for power MOSFETs. The proposed circuit achieves quick turn on and turn off transition times to reduce switching loss and conduction loss in power MOSFETs. In addition, it can recover a portion of the CV gate energy normally dissipated in a conventional driver. The circuit consists of four controlled switches and a small inductor (typically 100 nH or less). The current through the inductor is discontinuous in order to minimize circulating current conduction loss. This also allows the driver to operate effectively over a wide range of duty cycles with constant peak current-a significant advantage for many applications since turn on and turn off times do not vary with the operating point. Experimental results are presented for the proposed driver operating in a boost converter at 1 MHz, 5 V input, 10 V/5 A output. At 5 V gate drive, a 2.9% efficiency improvement is achieved representing a loss savings of 24.8% in comparison to a conventional driver.
Design of a multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvester with spring and magnetic coupling

At present, with the efforts of worldwide researchers, harvesting energy from low-frequency vibrations has been realized. However, low-frequency vibrations usually come from various directions. So a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) can scavenge vibration energy from multi-directions with a simple structure is urgently needed. This paper proposes a piezoelectric elastic energy harvester consisting of a spring, a piezoelectric cantilever beam, a proof mass and two magnets scavenging multi-directional vibration energy with one cantilever beam. The piezoelectric cantilever beam and the spring are employed to sense vibrations from two orthogonal directions. The magnetic interaction is designed to transfer energy from the spring to the beam. In this paper, experimental study is carried out to verify the function of the multi-directional PEH. The experimental result indicates that the multi-directional energy harvester proposed in this paper is a high-performance way to harvest energy form two orthogonal directions.