nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on the Ionization Degree of the Plasma Generated by 2A12 Aluminum Target During Hypervelocity Impact

The theories of impact dynamics and adiabatic temperature change were adopted to investigate the ionization degree of the plasma generated by the 2A12 aluminum target during 2A12 aluminum projectile hypervelocity impact, and the radiant temperature was also estimated during hypervelocity impact. A two-stage light gas gun combined with the plasma characteristic parameters measured by a triple Langmuir probe was applied, and then the fitting relationship between the plasma ionization degree and the theoretical impact temperature as well as the fitting relationship between the maximum electron density and impact velocity were obtained with the aid of the theoretical derivation of the plasma ionization degree and the electron temperature and electron density extracted from experiments.
Effective transfer function for interactive visualization and multivariate volume data

Transfer function strongly influences the quality of volume rendering. With transfer function, the information of interest in volume data can be effectively differentiated and highlighted. In this paper, we present a simplified LH histogram-based transfer function design method to interactively visualize the multi-boundary of volume data sets. Boundary classified based on conventional LH histogram is shared by both of materials that form it, which would add the thickness of the boundary. To overcome the drawback, f-LH histogram is proposed to classify and visualize each side of boundary. Some simulation and medical applications which require visualization often produce multiple values per sampling point or voxel in the so called multivariate data. Since feature of interest in the data set can not be properly classified by any single variable itself of the voxel, we further design an effective multidimensional transfer function to visualize multivariate field data.
Position control of Series Elastic Actuator based on feedback linearization and RISE method

Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) is a powerful device in the area of human-machine collaboration, but it still suffers from difficult position control issues, mainly because the variables and order of dynamics become twice that of the rigid one. Therefore, an efficient approach is proposed to solve this problem in this paper. The approach design is divided into two steps: feedback linearization (FL) and robust integral of sign of error (RISE) feedback controller design. Specifically, the dynamics of SEA is first proved to be feedback linearizable in the presence of damping term of motor side. However, FL requires exact knowledge of the system model, and the expression of last channel is too complicated; which make the controller sensitive to uncertainties. Therefore, a RISE feedback controller is adapted to address these issues, and the closed loop stability analysis is established. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can achieve the control objective and is robust to parameters uncertainty and matched external disturbance.
Different performance of UV laser induced surface flashover

The flashover phenomenon for the unilluminated case along the interface of solid dielectric in vacuum is the main factor which restricts the performance of high pulsed power devices, and there are plenty of investigations devoted into determining which parameters are important in predicting flashover behavior and the theoretical understanding involved in the process in the past several decades. In this paper, we studied the flashover performance in the UV laser illuminated case. A testbed comprised of a pulsed high voltage power supply, a vacuum chamber, and an excimer laser was assembled to test the flashover behavior under pulsed voltage and UV laser irradiation. Finger electrode was used in our experiments for this kind of electrode is convenient to observe flashover events. A commercial energy meter was used to measure the UV fluence for each laser pulse. The flashover voltage and flashover current were measured for different illuminated positions to determine the flashover time delay. At last, an interpretation was made to explain these experiment results. In conclusion, the UV laser irradiation induced surface flashover has different phenomena compared to the unilluminated case. These results will provide new guidelines to improve the surface flashover voltage when designing pulsed power systems.
Multimodal Graph-Based Reranking for Web Image Search

This paper introduces a web image search reranking approach that explores multiple modalities in a graph-based learning scheme. Different from the conventional methods that usually adopt a single modality or integrate multiple modalities into a long feature vector, our approach can effectively integrate the learning of relevance scores, weights of modalities, and the distance metric and its scaling for each modality into a unified scheme. In this way, the effects of different modalities can be adaptively modulated and better reranking performance can be achieved. We conduct experiments on a large dataset that contains more than 1000 queries and 1 million images to evaluate our approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed reranking approach is more robust than using each individual modality, and it also performs better than many existing methods.
Geodesic Connected Graph Representation of 3D Prismatic CAD Models

A novel local shape descriptor, geodesic connected graph, is proposed for the representation of three-dimensional (3D) prismatic CAD model represented by triangle meshes. First, the model is segmented using the extended Gaussian image. Second, the segmented areas which are visual from certain direction are connected by geodesic lines. Finally, a geodesic connected graph of feature areas is constructed according to the path of these geodesic lines. The geodesic connected graph is a shape descriptor of local features on model surfaces, and can be used in several CAD model analysis tasks, e.g. reverse engineering, manufacturing feature recognition, and model retrieval. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for 3D CAD model retrieval.
Verification of a real time scheduling protocol of safety-critical systems

It is of great importance to ensure the correctness and reliability of the scheduling protocol of safety-critical systems since the failure will cause serious damage. This paper analyzes a real time scheduling protocol of the safety-critical system and models it using a Modeling, Simulation and Verification Language program. Then the sufficient and necessary conditions for the schedulability are given. Further, the schedulability and other properties are verified using the MSV toolkit.
MSRA-MM 2.0: A Large-Scale Web Multimedia Dataset

In this paper, we introduce the second version of Microsoft Research Asia Multimedia (MSRA-MM), a dataset that aims to facilitate research in multimedia information retrieval and related areas. The images and videos in the dataset are collected from a commercial search engine with more than 1000 queries. It contains about 1 million images and 20,000 videos. We also provide the surrounding texts that are obtained from more than 1 million web pages. The images and videos have been comprehensively annotated, including their relevance levels to corresponding queries, semantic concepts of images, and category and quality information of videos. We define six standard tasks on the dataset: (1) image search reranking; (2) image annotation; (3) query-by-example image search; (4) video search reranking; (5) video categorization; and (6) video quality assessment.
Influence for temperature rise by related factors of casing for surface permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper investigates the correlates sensitivity factors of temperature rise for a 50 kW surface permanent magnet synchronous motor, which used in the ship. The loss in the motor is complex resulting from the volute power which supplied by PWM frequency control system. Due to this, a detailed 3D physical model is build to study thermal proprieties based on the computational fluid dynamics method, using conjugate heat transfer approach. Then thermal experiments are carried to verify the solution model, showing reasonable accuracy of calculated results. Furthermore, in order to search thermal sensitivity factors, such as materials of frame, shape of conjunction box, and etc. influence on the temperature rise, a simplified 2D model is taken, and finally draw some useful conclusions.
Design and analysis of Full Range Adaptive Cruise Control with integrated collision a voidance strategy

Current Full Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FRACC) systems switch between separate adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance systems. This can lead to jerky responses and discomfort during the transition between the two control modes. We propose a Full Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FRACC) design integrating adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance into a single non-linear mathematical formulation. The proposed FRACC responds to a velocity-error using a sigmoidal function of forward spacing. Mathematical properties of the controller, in particular string stability, are examined. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the controller yields smooth and safe responses in typical highway scenarios, including hard-braking and cut-in scenarios. Results also show a clear advantage of the proposed controller in string stability performance with reference to a state-of-the-art controller.
Combination of polar edge detection and active contour model for automated tongue segmentation

Tongue diagnosis is an important diagnosis method in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and recently the development of automated tongue image analysis technology has been carried out. Automated tongue segmentation is difficult due to the complexity of pathological tongue, variance of tongue shape and interference of the lips. In this paper, we present a novel method for automated tongue segmentation by combining polar edge detector and active contour model. First, a novel polar edge detector is proposed to effectively extract the edge of the tongue body. We then introduce a method to filter out the edge that is useless for tongue segmentation. A local adaptive edge bi-thresholding technique is also proposed. Finally, an initialization and active contour model are proposed to segment the tongue body from the image. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel tongue segmentation can segment the tongue accurately. A quantitative evaluation on 50 images indicates that the mean DCP (the distance to the closest point) of the proposed method is 5,86 pixels, and the average true positive (TP) percent is 97.2%.
Impedance control of a cable-driven series elastic actuator with the 2-DOF control structure

Series elastic actuators (SEAs) are growingly important in physical human-robot interaction (HRI) due to their inherent safety and compliance. Cable-driven SEAs also allow flexible installation and remote torque transmission, etc. However, there are still challenges for the impedance control of cable-driven SEAs, such as the reduced bandwidth caused by the elastic component, and the performance balance between reference tracking and robustness. In this paper, a velocity sourced cable-driven SEA has been set up. Then, a stabilizing 2 degrees of freedom (2-DOF) control approach was designed to separately pursue the goals of robustness and torque tracking. Further, the impedance control structure for human-robot interaction was designed and implemented with a torque compensator. Both simulation and practical experiments have validated the efficacy of the 2-DOF method for the control of cable-driven SEAs.
Construction of speech corpus of AESOP-SD

The present study systematically states the construction of the corpus on the English learners, i.e., AESOP-SD. The content mainly consists of three parts: i) the background and significance of the corpus construction, which introduces the research background of the English learning in Asia and states the significance of the construction of the present corpus; ii) materials in the corpus, which contain a large amount of data, ranging from English words, English sentences, and English paragraphs to dialectal words, sentences and paragraphs; iii) recording procedure and data labeling, which states the recording environment and software in the data collection. Through the introduction of the construction of the corpus, the paper further states the theoretical and applicable value of the corpus, which can be adopted to conduct research in many research areas: e.g., second language acquisition, phonetic and phonological study, computer-aid system.
Identity based threshold proxy signcryption scheme

An identity based cryptosystem is a novel type of public cryptographic scheme in which the public keys of the users are their identities or strings derived from their identities. In a (t,n) proxy signature scheme, the original signer can delegate his/her signing capability to n proxy signers such that any t or more proxy signers can sign messages on behalf of the former, but t-1 or less of them cannot do the same thing. However, in many situations we want to enjoy confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiation of message simultaneously. In this paper we propose an identity based threshold proxy signcryption scheme using bilinear pairings. The security of the scheme is also analyzed.
Optimal mobile App advertising keyword auction model with variable costs

With the rapid development of mobile App advertising, how to allocate App advertising more reasonable is now need to be studied. This paper proposes an App advertising auction mechanism based on optimal keyword auctions. First, we analyze the development trend of the App advertising and obtain the result that the core competitiveness of mobile advertising lies in the precise. Next, we describe the App advertising auction mechanism in detail. The advertising click-through rate only depends on the location of the premise and per-click cost. In considering the premise of taking the variable costs of App advertising slots into account, we put forward optimal keyword auctions model. A mathematical analysis is used to get the expected revenues of advertisers, advertising alliance platform and App developers. Finally, we use the expected revenue expressions to analyze the feasibility properties of the model and give corresponding proof. According to the results of our analysis, we can better guide App advertising and maximum revenue of any equilibrium of this dynamic auction. In order to closer to the actual situation, our model also takes the individual rationality, incentive compatibility properties into account to prove the feasibility of the mechanism.
Likelihood Analysis of Cyber Data Attacks to Power Systems With Markov Decision Processes

Cyber data attacks are the worst-case interacting bad data to power system state estimation and cannot be detected by existing bad data detectors. This paper for the first time analyzes the likelihood of cyber data attacks by characterizing the actions of a malicious intruder in a dynamic environment, where power system state evolves with time, and measurement devices could become inaccessible due to detected attacks. This analysis is important for the operator to evaluate the vulnerability of power systems to data attacks. A Markov decision process is proposed to model an intruder’s strategy, with the objective to maximize its cumulative reward across time. The optimal attack policy is solved from the intruder’s perspective, and the attack likelihood is then analyzed based on the obtained policy. Two attack scenarios are studied to model different knowledge levels of the intruder about the dynamics of power systems. Numerical experiments are conducted on the IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems to study the intruder’s attack strategy and analyze the attack probability.
Robust Model Predictive Current Control of Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier With Online Disturbance Observation

This paper presents a robust model predictive current controller with a disturbance observer (DO-MPC) for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier. The new algorithm is operated with constant switching frequency (CF-MPC). In order to minimize instantaneous d- and q-axes current errors in every sampling period, CF-MPC is implemented by selecting appropriate voltage vector sequence and calculating duty cycles. The fundamental of this algorithm is discussed and the instantaneous variation rates of d- and q-axes currents are deduced when each converter voltage vector is applied in six different sectors. A Luenberger observer is constructed for parameter mismatch and model uncertainty which affect the performance of the MPC. The gains of the disturbance observer are determined by root-locus analysis. Moreover, the stability of the disturbance observer is analyzed when there are errors in the inductor filter parameter. The proposed method has an inherent rapid dynamic response as a result of the MPC controller, as well as robust control performance with respect to the disturbance due to use of the combined observation algorithm. Simulation and experimental results on a 1.1 kW VSR are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Large-eddy simulation and analysis of tip-clearance flows in turbomachinery applications

The tip-leakage flow in axial turbomachines is studied using large-eddy simulation with an emphasis on understanding the underlying mechanisms for low-pressure fluctuations and cavitations downstream of the tip-gap. Simulation results are validated against experimental measurements, and reasonable agreements are obtained. Dominant vortical structures such as the tip-leakage vortex and tip-separation vortices are examined, and their effects on the turbulent flow characteristics as well as on the low-pressure statistics are investigated. Analysis of the velocity and pressure fields suggests a high correlation between cavitations inception and the tip-leakage vortex. To suppress the tip-leakage vortex and the associated low-pressure events, the use of a grooved casing wall is explored, and preliminary simulation results show good promise. Additional simulations to investigate the effects of inflow vortices and tip-gap size are also discussed.
Advanced thermal rating and its application

Static thermal rating method converts the thermal constraint which represents the heat capacity of conductor into electric constraints, using static heat balance equation (HBE). It ignores the phenomenon of thermal inertia, and as a result, it limits the full exertion of line heat capacity, to some extent. Considering the asynchronous characteristic between electricity and heat, the definition of dynamic thermal rating is presented on the basis of dynamic heat balance equation which reflects the electrothermal coupling relationship. Dynamic thermal rating takes the operating temperature of conductor as the determinant limitation of heat capacity. Then a new concept of advanced thermal rating is proposed, considering that the temperature and power system operation dispatch are interlinked. Its application foreground is expatiated by the examples of advanced dispatch and security dispatch. All the above provide a foundation for an in-depth research of electrothermal coordination in dispatch operation of power system.
Locally Linear Embedding for the Construction of the Purkinje System

Locally linear embedding (LLE), recently proposed unsupervised procedure for mapping high-dimensional data nonlinearly to a lower-dimensional space, is shown to yield remarkable good results in exploratory analysis and visualization. LLE is able to learn the global structure of nonlinear manifolds, and it maps its inputs into a single global coordinate system of lower dimensionality, which takes good advantage of remaining points close to each other in the computed low-dimensional space when they are close to each other in the high-dimensional space. However, the application to the closed geometry is consequently limited. The purkinje system is a very important conduction system in the endocardial surface of the ventricle that is a semi-closed organ. Traditional construction of the purkinje system is mostly relevant to the fractal tree or something similar, which is based of supposed theory and is an approximation to the actuality. In this paper, a novel method for the construction of the purkinje system in the canine left ventricle by applying LLE algorithm is proposed. The results show that the construction of the purkinje system approaches the one in real structure of the left ventricle better than ever reconstructed.
Improving the reliability of embedded systems with cache and SPM

In this paper, we develop a compiler-assisted thermal-aware data allocation algorithm to improve the reliability of embedded systems with cache and SPM (Scratch-pad Memory). Our basic idea is to distribute the workload evenly between the cache and SPM in order to alleviate the temperature hot spots in the on-chip memory system. In the algorithm, considering the size of SPM, we first divide the loop iterations into two parts, and put the accessed data of the first part into SPM. Then we perform code transformation based on the partitioning of iterations. By alternatively using the data cache and SPM, the peak temperature is reduced. We implement our technique and simulate them using the Trimaran infrastructure with power models for cache and SPM, and the thermal simulator, HotSpot, on a set of benchmarks from DSPstone and MiBench. The experimental results show that our technique can significantly improve the reliability of the on-chip memory system.
The Study of Spatial Selective Attention Effects by Event-Related Potentials

The effects of visuospatial selective attention on information processing have been investigated by means of high-density event-related brain potentials (ERP) while the subjects were instructed to covertly attend to one side of the visual field with fixation on the center of the screen. Previous studies have demonstrated the attention-related modulation of the P1 (scalp-positive waves from 90-130 ms) and N1 (scalp-negative waves from 160-200 ms) component of ERP recorded from the occipital scalp areas contralateral to the direction of attention. In our study, the additional modulation of the amplitude of P2 component (scalp-positive waves from 220-260 ms) indicates that not only the short-latency early ERP component was affected by spatial attention, but also the late component is modulated, thus it can serve as proof supporting late selection theory.
Cost of Not Splitting in Routing: Characterization and Estimation

This paper studies the performance difference of joint routing and congestion control when either single-path routes or multipath routes are used. Our performance metric is the total utility achieved by jointly optimizing transmission rates using congestion control and paths using source routing. In general, this performance difference is strictly positive and hard to determine-in fact an NP-hard problem. To better estimate this performance gap, we develop analytical bounds to this “cost of not splitting” in routing. We prove that the number of paths needed for optimal multipath routing differs from that of optimal single-path routing by no more than the number of links in the network. We provide a general bound on the performance loss, which is independent of the number of source-destination pairs when the latter is larger than the number of links in a network. We also propose a vertex projection method and combine it with a greedy branch-and-bound algorithm to provide progressively tighter bounds on the performance loss. Numerical examples are used to show the effectiveness of our approximation technique and estimation algorithms.