nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
HIL Simulation of High Altitude Long Endurance UAV's Target Tracking/Flight Integrated Control

An integrated modeling and control strategy of payloads platform and flight control system (FCS) is presented for high altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (HALE UAV). Different from the traditional control method that UAV and payloads platform are modeled and controlled separately, an integrated control idea considering both payloads platform and FCS as a whole is proposed. First, integrated modeling is conducted by deducing the mathematical relation between the payload platform and the UAV's attitude movement. Considering that the UAV platform is usually sensitive to parameter perturbation and external disturbance, robust control theory is then studied and applied in the design of UAV's FCS. A 2-DOF controller containing the disturbance observer (DOB) is designed for payload platform based on the analysis of coupling between the UAV's attitude movement and the payload platform. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation system for the integrated control of payload platform and FCS is established and simulation results show the effectiveness of the control system
Control winding quantities orientation modeling and control for stand-alone brushless doubly-fed power generation system

Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG) is potential for power generation applications for its high reliability and low maintenance-cost. There are two operation modes for BDFIG: grid-tied and stand-alone modes. The grid-tied mode usually uses the power winding (PW) synchronous and orientation frame since PW is connected to the grid; however in stand-alone mode, the PW is connected to the load rather than the grid, the control winding (CW) synchronous and orientation frame would be preferred. In order to improve the performance of stand-alone power generation system, this paper presents the CW synchronous frame model of BDFIG, and three kinds of orientation methods aiming to further simplify the BDFIG control are deduced and compared. Based on the derivations, the proper current inner-loop and voltage outer-loop structures (dual-loops) are also designed and compared. The experimental system based on one of the orientation methods is also built, and experimental results show the validity of the mathematical model and the adapted control structure.
A Set of Compound Tracking Control Scheme Based on the Self-Regulating PID-Like Fuzzy Control of the Naval Artillery Digital Position Servo System

A new compound tracking control scheme based on the self-regulating PID-like fuzzy control was designed to enhance the tracking performance of the naval artillery digital servo system in this paper. Firstly, a PID-like fuzzy control scheme with parameter self-regulating algorithm is proposed to overcome the nonlinear characteristics of the naval artillery digital servo system because of its large volume and large spurious torques and to reduce the static error. Secondly ,in order to enhance the dynamic tracking effect, the feed-forward controller was added and considering the connect with the fire control system, the input position signal has been processed with data interpolation and data prediction. Finally, a compound tracking control scheme with self-regulating PID-like fuzzy control, feedforward control and signal data processing is proposed. The result shows that the system is reliable, responses quickly,and has good dynamic and static performance.
Computation of the self-induced magnetic field in circuit-breaker arcs

This paper applies the computational fluid dynamics methodology to compute arc-flow interaction in circuit breakers. The compressible Euler equations are used as the basic flow model, and source terms are added to represent the ohmic heating, the radiation transport, and the self-induced magnetic pressure in the plasma. The equations are solved by a finite-volume scheme for unstructured triangular grids. Numerical solutions are obtained for a transient 32 kA arc-flow interaction In a geometry investigated experimentally by Jones et al.(1982). The experimentally measured pressure at the cathode tip is compared to computations performed with and without the inclusion of the magnetic pressure term. The importance of these terms for high-current arc-flow interaction cases is confirmed and quantified.
A revision of the traveling-wave monopole model

Two time-domain electromagnetic emanation models are introduced into emission security (EMSEC) researches. The standing-wave dipole model can be easily gotten from some other references. But the traveling-wave monopole model addressed by Rothwell cannot be applied directly. A charge release coefficient C/sub q/(t) is introduced into this model, which makes the model more adaptive. Near-zone and far-zone fields are discussed of the revised traveling-wave monopole model through an example.
A New Rate Control Algorithm for H.264

Rate control plays an important role in real-time video communication application. Extensive experiments show that rho is still linear with the bit rate of a macroblock row in H.264. Based on this conclusion, this paper presents a macroblock row layer rate control algorithm for H.264 via rho -domain source modeling. The scene change is detected by PSNR-based complexity estimation and then a control window is introduced. In this window, the bit allocation is based on the coding hit count of the first rate distortion optimization (RDO) and the target bit count in Li's method. The macroblock row layer hit allocation of the proposed method is achieved according to the percentage of bit count of each macroblock row in the first RDO. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control algorithm can not only achieve significantly smaller bit rate estimation error while guaranteeing the same coding efficiency, but also effectively improve the coding performance for the sequence with scene change.
3D objects detection with Bayesian networks for vision-guided mobile robot navigation

Recognition of environmental features, which is now the central research topic both in computer vision and mobile robot fields, is prerequisite for vision-guided mobile robot navigation. Perceptual organization is a powerful tool for object recognition through grouping low-level features into objects. In this paper, a perceptual organization algorithm based-on Bayesian networks is proposed to recognize 3D polyhedrons, e.g. compartments and doors, from 2D image in office environment. The algorithm makes full use of knowledge representation and probability inference characteristics of Bayesian networks, thus generating robust recognition results. Moreover, mobile robot active ability is developed to enhance recognition effects. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the algorithm.
Detection and application of CagA sequence markers for assessing risk factor of gastric cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori

As a marker of Helicobacter pylori, Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) has been revealed to be the major virulence factor to cause gastroduodenal diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of different gastroduodenal diseases caused by cagA-positive H. pylori infection remain unknown. Current studies are mainly limited to the relationship between EPIYA motifs in the CagA strain and diseases, but such a relationship is insufficient to explain the diversity of diseases. We propose a new and systematic method to analyze the relationship between the whole CagA sequence patterns and diseases. For this purpose, we introduced entropy calculation to detect key residues of CagA as the gastric cancer biomarkers, and then employed a supervised learning procedure to classify the cancer and non-cancer related CagA strains by using the key residues. We achieved 76% and 71% classification accuracy for Western and East Asian subtypes, respectively. Our study may help establish H. pylori biomarkers for predicting gastroduodenal disease outcome.
A hybrid condenser model for applications in steam ejector air-conditioning systems

In this paper, a simple, yet accurate hybrid modeling technique for condensers is presented. The method starts with fundamental physical principles but captures only few key operational characteristic parameters to predict the system performances. The advantages of the methods lie that linear or non-linear least squares methods can be used to determine those key operational characteristic parameters and can accurately predict performance in wide operating range and in real-time, which can significantly reduce the computational burden and increase the prediction accuracy. The model is verified with the experimental data taken from a testing system in a wide range of operating conditions. The testing results show that the proposed model can predict accurately the performance of the real-time operating condenser with the maximum error of plusmn10% . The developed models will have wide applications not only in optimization, but also in performance assessment and fault detection and diagnosis.
Knowledge Engineering Oriented Intelligent Expert System Development Platform

In this paper, an intelligent development platform based on "one network, four bases and two engines", which can be used to develop a so-called expert system (ES) is proposed. This paper aims to provide a universal, convenient development environment for the expert systems. A four-layer architecture that is closely integrated with the application is presented. Additionally, three service modes for the proposed platform are provided in this paper: knowledge query and search mode, knowledge-based fault diagnosis mode and knowledge engineering based collaborative solving mode. The three key technologies for the platform including knowledge representation technology, intelligent compiler technology and reasoning technology have been studied. Finally, an application example for an intelligent building expert system platform in fault diagnosis proves that the proposed platform is both effective and achievable in implementation.
Large-area ∼20% efficient silicon solar cells using fine line direct printing

This paper presents the use of a finer line printing technology for achieving over 20.2% efficient cells with oxide/nitride rear passivation and screen-printed local back contacts on large-area (239 cm2) commercial grade Cz Si wafers. The front metal gridlines are printed by a one-step non-contact approach of a modified silver printable paste. The line width is as narrow as 55μm, and the line height is more than 35μm after firing in a conventional belt furnace. The significantly reduced metal converge on the front side resulted in reduced shadowing loss and an increase in absolute cell efficiency of ~0.5% compared to the screen-printed reference solar cells. Increasing the number of gridlines from 74 to 83 in conjunction with reduced line width from 100 μm to 55 μm increased the Jsc by ~0.5 mA/cm2 to 38.4 mA/cm2. This combined with a Voc of 657 mV and FF of 80.0% produced the 20.2% efficient cell compared to a 19.7% screen-printed cell.
Guest Editors Introduction to the Special Issue on Software and Databases

S oftware tools and information systems in bioinformatics and computational biology are playing more and more important roles in biology and medical research. This special section consists of a selection of papers focuing on software and databases that are central in bioinformatics and computational biology. Following a rigorous review process, 11 papers were selected for publication. These papers cover a broad range of topics, including computational genomics and transcriptomics, analysis of biological networks and interactions, drug design, biomedical signal/image analysis, biomedical text mining and ontologies, biological data mining, visualization and integration, and high performance computing application in bioinformatics.
InGaAs/InAlAs HEMTs with extremely low source and drain resistances

The performance of InP based InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is often limited by large parasitic source and drain resistances, caused by high contact and sheet resistances in the access regions. The authors demonstrate that a highly conductive cap layer can be seen as an extension of the ohmic contact if a sufficient tunnelling current between cap layer and channel can be achieved. The significantly reduced source and drain resistances lead to excellent DC and RF characteristics with an extrinsic transconductance of 1150 mS/mm and a current cutoff frequency of 206 GHz (L/sub G/=150 nm).
Level of detail navigation and visualization of electronic health records

Clinicians usually intend to get overall health status as well as specific health care information from patient's electronic health record (EHR). However, the amount of EHR data can be incredibly large, which makes it a very tedious and inefficient work for clinicians to extract valuable information. This paper first investigates the clinical relevance of EHR data content. Then it presents a Level of Detail (LOD) information navigation model, which classified patient's whole EHR into different detail levels according to their clinical relevance. A novel navigation and visualization method is brought forward based on this model. Finally, an application is designed and implemented based on this method. It can guide clinicians from summarized overview to detailed contents of the EHR smoothly. Both the evolution of specific health problems and other related EHR information can be visualized and located quickly.
A five level dual buck full bridge inverter with neutral point clamp for grid connected PV application

A neutral point clamped five-level dual buck full bridge grid-connected inverter, derived from a three-level dual buck full bridge inverter (TLDBFBI) combining two input split-voltage capacitors and two clamping branches, is proposed. The voltage step on both the filter inductors and the switching devices in the new topology is only half of the input voltage, which offers a smaller size of the inductors. Only one of the switches is operated at high switching frequency at any time, which offers lower switching losses. Moreover, the operation principle and modulation of the proposed topology are analyzed in detail, and a prototype is built. Experimental results show that compared with TLDBFBI, the efficiency and power density are improved by the proposed neutral point clamped five-level dual buck full bridge inverter (FLDBFBI).
Face Verification With Balanced Thresholds

The process of face verification is guided by a prelearned global threshold, which, however, is often inconsistent with class-specific optimal thresholds. It is, hence, beneficial to pursue a balance of the class-specific thresholds in the model-learning stage. In this paper, we present a new dimensionality reduction algorithm tailored to the verification task that ensures threshold balance. This is achieved by the following aspects. First, feasibility is guaranteed by employing an affine transformation matrix, instead of the conventional projection matrix, for dimensionality reduction, and, hence, we call the proposed algorithm threshold balanced transformation (TBT). Then, the affine transformation matrix, constrained as the product of an orthogonal matrix and a diagonal matrix, is optimized to improve the threshold balance and classification capability in an iterative manner. Unlike most algorithms for face verification which are directly transplanted from face identification literature, TBT is specifically designed for face verification and clarifies the intrinsic distinction between these two tasks. Experiments on three benchmark face databases demonstrate that TBT significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art subspace techniques for face verification
A local linear wavelet neural network

This paper presents a local linear wavelet neural network. The difference of the network with the original wavelet neural network is that the connection weights between the hidden layer and output layer of the original WNN are replaced by a local linear model. A simple and fast training algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), is also introduced for training the local linear wavelet neural network. Simulation results for the identification of nonlinear systems show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A broadband planar quasi-Yagi antenna with X-shaped driven elements

In this paper, a novel wideband planar quasi-Yagi antenna with x-shaped elements is presented. Good impedance matching and mode transforming are realized by using an exponentialy tapered microstrip balun. This quasi-Yagi antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.4 and the thickness is 1.6 mm. Prototype antennas have been fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the 10 dB return loss bandwidth of this antenna is 48% operating from 4.7 GHz to 7.6 GHz and the gain is higher than 6.2 dB.
MEMS packaging on a budget (fiscal and thermal)

MEMS packaging poses novel constraints as compared to conventional IC packaging, and accounts for up to 80% of the cost of the device. A new type of package is proposed, addressing the problems of hermeticity and die singulation, as well as an alternative means of MEMS-IC integration. An organic-free, metal-to-metal bond process enables hermetic sealing at low temperatures. The package has been demonstrated with inertial, resonant, and RF MEMS.
3-D imaging and stereotactic radiosurgery.

Three-dimensional image processing and analysis applications in stereotactic radiosurgery are discussed. Only simple and rapid methods of 3-D image analysis have been used. However, volumetric image techniques, such as volume rendering and fusion, would give more useful information in treatment planning. The topics dealt with include: treatment space specification; segmentation of structures of interest; model/knowledge-based approach; tumor targeting; beam's eye viewing; dose-volume fusion; isocentric parameter optimization.
Evaluation model of agricultural irrigation water quality based on projection pursuit and fuzzy support vector

According to the noise and overlapping characteristics of agricultural irrigation water quality monitoring data for the comprehensive evaluation may bring about the boundary fuzzy problem. This paper proposes an improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) to avoid premature convergence, the global optimal solution of the function of the Projection Pursuit (PP) function is used as the comprehensive evaluation weight coefficient, and then based on Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM) for comprehensive evaluation. Finally, considering the resolution of the general discrete evaluation grade is low, this paper presents the credibility of the comprehensive evaluation level as a supplement for improve and refine the evaluation results. The results show that the discriminant degree of the comprehensive evaluation grade of the sample is larger than the critical value by using the evaluation model proposed in this paper. The classification result is consistent with the evaluation grade, and the water quality evaluation accuracy is achieved. It shows that the model is reasonable and feasible, and the information of comprehensive evaluation is complete and the accuracy is high.
A novel bow-tie feed for dual-layer pillbox antenna

This paper presents a novel feed for dual-layer pillbox antenna. The electric field distribution and return-loss of the feed Cavity are analyzed by using vector finite-element method and PML absorption boundary condition. The effect of the different Sub-reflector Shape on the electromagnetic field distribution and the beam width of the feed are studied. A new bow-tie feed structure is proposed. The simulation results show in the Ku band, the 3 dB beam width is more than 160°, and the VSWR was lower than 1.5, which provides a simple structure, superior performance feed form for double pillbox antenna.
An Automatic Generation Method of Executable Test Case Using Model-Driven Architecture

Model Driven Architecture (MDA) provides a more efficient way to software development by giving a higher-level abstraction with standardized model and implementing the automatic transformation among different levels of model or code. By using MDA, not only the development time could be shortened, but the quality of code could be greatly enhanced. In test field, how to decrease the cost of test and reuse the artifacts, and how to raise testing's automation level are eternal topics. In this paper, we propose an efficient way to transform test cases in word documents to executable programs using MDA. The cost of testing is reduced in this way because lots of duplicated work is diminished and testing efficiency is improved. Moreover, by using this method, artifacts in testing can be easily reused as support data for the evaluation of testing.
A robust image watermarking using spatial-frequency feature of wavelet transform

We propose a robust watermarking scheme for digital images using the spatial-frequency feature of wavelet transform. For a wavelet coefficient array, we extract a completed tree from a coefficient in the LL subband to construct a full-tree matrix (FTM), which represents both of the spatial localizability and multiresolution decomposition of an overlapped local region in an original image. Based on the FTM, three different features, i.e. the local spatial luminance sensitivity, the frequency sensitivity and the texture activity, can be exploited to determine whether the watermark is inserted to this FTM or not. Experimental results show that the watermarking sequence is inserted in those regions that are of high texture activity with the maximum strength of JND tolerance. It is also shown that better compromise between the robustness and transparency is obtained using our proposed scheme.
Fuzzy Concept Lattice Based Classifier

The large collection of formal concepts can be a hedge of the application of FCA. Development of methods which help to overcome the problem of the huge size of concept lattice is thus an important task. This paper proposes clustering-based reduction algorithm for reducing the size of fuzzy concept lattices. At the end, experiment results show that the compression rate of the concept lattice and classifier is remarkable, while it preserves the accuracy of classification of concept lattice.
A test sequences optimization method for improving fault coverage

Conformance testing for communication protocol is an active research field. But most research on test sequences generation and optimization focus on how to reduce the length of a test sequence or the automatic generation process. Less attention has been paid on how to improve the fault coverage of test sequences. Many test sequence generation methods, such as UIO method, do not guarantee complete fault coverage. In this paper, we propose a test sequences optimization method to raise fault coverage of UIO method. In this method, some key test sequences will be added to the former test suit, based on fault coverage evaluation results. Results show that this method could effectively improve the fault coverage without re-generating the whole set of test sequences. The experimental results given in Section 4 show that it could help to detect more distinguishable FSMs than former testing methods. This optimization method could not only be used on test sequences generated by UIO method, but also be added as an extended section of many other generation methods to improve test sequences generated.