nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
In the medical field detection of breast cancer by microwave imaging is a robust tool

Early breast cancer detection is an emerging field of research as it can save the women infected by malignant tumors. Microwave imaging has recently been proposed for detecting small malignant breast tumors at early stages. Microwave imaging for medical application has been of interest for many years, recently it proposed for detecting small malignant breast tumors. Microwave images are maps of the electrical property distributions in the dielectric properties between cancerous tissues and healthy tissues; it is possible to use it as a diagnosis tool. In this research contribution, the authors have over viewed the research status of microwave imaging for malignant tumor detection. The tomography imaging system for detecting small malignant breast lesions have been explored.
Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:LPS laser

A diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:Lu2Si2O7 (Yb:LPS) laser is firstly demonstrated. Using a commercial SESAM as the mode-locker, stable mode locked pulses with femtosecond pulse duration at the wavelength of 1058nm are obtained. The shortest pulse achieved is about 96fs. We found that the Yb:LPS crystal could have small normal group velocity dispersion near the mode locking wavelength and a large nonlinear optical Ken-coefficient.
0.15 /spl mu/m double modulation doped InAs-inserted-channel MODFETs: gate recess for optimum RF performances

The effects of gate recess etch profiles on DC and RF characteristics of double-sided doped InAs-inserted-channel MODFETs are investigated. The maximum extrinsic transconductance is as high as 1.3 S/mm at a channel current of ~500 mA/mm. It is found that fT of 220 GHz and fmax of 280 GHz can be realised for 0.15 µm T-gate, with a gate recess with appropriate width. The RF intrinsic elements are extracted and analysed to explain the improved fmax. The breakdown voltage of ~4 V can be achieved for devices with a 50 nm wide lateral recess.
Energy efficiency diagnosis of smart grid park based on multi-level energy transfer model

Aiming at the problem of energy efficiency of smart grid to be promoted, this paper propose a method of analysis of smart grid energy use based on the multi-level energy transfer model. Firstly, analyze the energy use characteristics of public institution, so as to preliminary ascertain the energy consumption systems of public institution. Then, construct public institution multi-level energy transfer model including energy input and energy use, and propose the procedure of analysis of energy efficiency diagnosis based on the model. Finally, carry out instance analysis, so as to verify the effectiveness of research result.
Evaluation on the algae bloom based on improved combination rule of evidence theory

Algae bloom is an important manifestation of water pollution in lakes and rivers, its status evaluation is the premise of algae bloom treatment. Based on remote sensing image and multi-site water quality monitoring information, this paper introduces sensor priority and evidence credibility to realize the discount processing of evidence. And then, the evaluation model of algae bloom in lake and reservoir has been established based on the DSmT. Based on the water quality monitoring data and remote sensing images of Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake, the evaluation result and the algae bloom analysis in this region shows that the model is more practical and can evaluate the algal bloom state effectively under the same information.
Design and quantitative evaluation of a novel FlexRay Bus Guardian

FlexRay is a communication system whose development was driven explicitly by the new needs of future in-car control applications. However, as far as babbling idiot avoidance is concerned, FlexRay does not provide a satisfactory solution. Therefore, a novel Bus Guardian (BG) is designed to avoid the babbling idiot failure in FlexRay communication systems in this paper. To minimize the affects of common mode failure between the novel BG and the associated node, the novel BG operates with an independent clock synchronization process. The supervision algorithm of the novel BG is presented and performance evaluation is done based on message worst case response time (WCRT) analysis. Evaluation results show that the increase in WCRT by including babbling idiot protection is bounded and small and the novel BG can enforce error containment in the time domain of FlexRay communication systems.
CPK Unified Identity Based Secure Remote Access System for Mobile Terminal

A secure remote access solution for mobile terminal is proposed in this paper. There exists three types of user authentication process during the terminal remote accessing: terminal user login, wireless VPDN login and IPSec VPN login. and there are different user identities during these authentication processes. a CPK-based (Combined Public Key) unified identity management method for the remote access user's identity is proposed", "which can improve the security and manageability of secure remote access system.
Design of robustly asymptotic stabilizer using a time-varying sigmoid-type SMC scheme

This study presents a class of first-order sliding mode stabilizing control laws, which preserve the advantages of rapid response and robustness from the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) schemes. The presented SMC laws are continuous everywhere so that the chattering characteristic of the sign-type SMC laws is greatly alleviated. This scheme is also shown to be able to mend the saturation-type SMCpsilas weakness of only achieving uniformly ultimate boundedness performance to an asymptotic stability level.
Leakage Fault Diagnosis for an Internet-Based Three-Tank System: An Experimental Study

This paper investigates the leakage fault diagnosis problem for a physical Internet-based three-tank system (ITTS). Data from different devices locating at different places communicate with each other via Internet and, due to the limited bandwidth of communication channel, data suffer from delay and/or dropout phenomenon during the transmission. The resulting incomplete signals are utilized for the control and diagnosis purpose, giving rise to a networked control system (NCS). After linearization and discretization of the mathematical model of the three-tank system (TTS), the original nonlinear fault diagnosis problem is converted into a robust leakage fault detection and isolation problem for a linear system with uncertain parameters. The detection problem is then solved by using the robust H_ filter technique and the leakage faults of different tanks are isolated by using the idea of residual contributing degree (RCD). Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques.
Combined Effects of Surface Roughness Mode and Accommodation Coefficient of Air-Bearing Film in the Head/Disk Interface

In a modern hard disk drive (HDD), when the spacing between slider and disk is on the order of 1 or 2 nm, the gaseous rarefaction effects, surface roughness, and surface accommodation effects must be taken into account. Effects of gaseous rarefaction with either surface roughness or surface accommodation were reported in literature. However, only a few of the published works have considered the combined effects simultaneously. This paper investigates the combined effects of the surface roughness mode and the surface accommodation as well as the gaseous rarefaction effects on the static characteristics of the air-bearing film in both the cases of symmetric molecular interaction and asymmetric molecular interaction.
Dynamic measurements and behave laws of tunnel pressure in deep mining

With the deep mining development of coal resource, many safety problems have arisen and become serious gradually, such as tunnel deformation, rock burst, and so on. Multi-source techniques and methods must be used to monitor and study the behave laws of tunnel pressure, thus safety and efficient mining can be guaranteed. It takes the working face No. VI 15-22020 and its transportation tunnel of 2nd level of a mine in Hehan province as the research subject. Borehole stress meters, multi-point extensometers, instruments of roadway convergence were used to monitor the characteristics of abutment pressure of working face, roof displacement and section deformation of surrounding rock of tunnel in the influence of deep mining. And the behave laws of tunnel pressure in deep mining of the coal mine are summarized and analyzed, which have important directive to mining design and safety.
Metamorphic InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs on GaAs substrates with composite channels and f/sub max/ of 350 GHz

We have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a novel 0.13 /spl mu/m metamorphic InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT with a composite channel on GaAs substrates, which displays high cut-off frequencies and current drive capability. Such devices exhibit very low g/sub 0/ of 20 mS/mm and state of the art f/sub max/ values of 350 GHz with an f/sub T/ of 150 GHz. The power gain enhancement is mainly due to the channel design, as confirmed by our theoretical model. Metamorphic growth technology of InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs with a composite channel will become useful if the reliability of the device can be assured.
Incorporating Sentiment Analysis for Improved Tag-Based Recommendation

Social tagging systems have become as a popular application with the advance of Web 2.0 technologies. By tagging, users annotate and index the resources freely and subjectively, based on their senses of interests, which can improve the performance of the current personalized recommendation systems. In this paper, we propose a sentiment enhanced tag-based recommendation approach by incorporating sentiment analysis of tags that annotated on resources. The presented approach introduces a sentiment enhancement factor to the similarity metric which measures the matching between resources. The evaluation results on a real datasets have demonstrated that our approach can outperform the other compared approaches in terms of recommendation precision.
Cavity backed embedded antenna on cylindrical surface for conformal applications

The use of planar antenna for conformal applications is of great engineering use, however antenna embedding into conformal shapes need to be carefully studied. The analysis of cavity-backed proximity coupled microstrip antenna embedded in a cylindrical surface is presented. Cavity backed antenna is used for higher bandwidth. A dielectric layer, which is integrated on the surface of the antenna, is designed to shield the patches and make the cylindrical surface continuous. Dielectric substrate Rogers RT/duroid® 5880 with εr =2.2 and metallic material Aluminum is used for the cylinder. Edge fed and coax fed configurations are compared. Based on the ease of manufacturing and testing, coax fed antenna is used for embedding for conformal application. Simulation results including S-parameters, radiation pattern and gain are provided. The parametric study including the effect of material, thickness, radius and dielectric cover is also discussed for the design. Two types of cylindrical cuts are used with radii of 2λ, 5λ and 10λ and thickness of 0.508mm and 7mm. The results indicate that the bandwidth of edge-fed and coax-fed antenna exceeds 40% and 30 % respectively at X- band and the impedance of the antenna is not sensitive to the cylindrical radius, however the radiation pattern is affected if the cylinder is cut into half or reduced even further. The radiation pattern is more stable in the case of dielectric half cylinder with reduced thickness as compared to the metallic reduced cylinder with increased thickness. The effect of dielectric cover is to shift the frequency band towards lower frequencies. Higher gain is observed for metallic cylinders. Such an antenna can easily be used for platform mounted applications like UAV, Missile or satellites.
Gaussian Pyramid Based Multi-Scale GVF Snake for Mass Segmentation in Digitized Mammograms

Mass segmentation plays an important role in many computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. It is usually used as the previous step of mass classification. In this paper, we propose one novel scheme for segmentation of breast mass in digitized mammograms, which is based on gradient vector flow (GVF) snake and multi-scale analysis using Gaussian pyramid. In the proposed method, mammogram is decomposed by Gaussian pyramid into a sequence of images from fine to coarse firstly, at the large scale, the image is coarse without much noise and artifact, so the GVF snake is able to converge to the mass contour easily and quickly without too much computation. Then the obtained contour is mapped to a higher resolution and used as the initial position to get a higher resolution result with GVF snake. Repeat this process until a correct mass boundary is attained. In addition, a parameter based on region variation is used for GVF snake as a stop criteria of the iterations and it reduces the number of unnecessary iterations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is more efficient and robust than the traditional GVF snake.
Experimental investigation of the packet loss rate of wireless industrial networks in real industrial environments

In the field of wireless industrial automation networks (WIANs), the WirelessHART and ISA100.11a protocols are promoted, which support time division and carriersensing multiple access schemes, channel hopping schemes, and mesh network topology to improve reliability and scalability. However, they work on the 2.4-GHz non-licensed industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band. This band has become crowded in industrial applications, i.e., ZigBee, Bluetooth and wireless local area networks (WLAN), which has led to coexistence issues. Here, we investigated experimentally the data link layer packet loss rate ofWirelessHART and ISA100.11a protocols coexisting with IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11n-based WLAN interference systems. The experimental testbed comprised WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, ZigBee, and IEEE 802.11n-based WLAN systems. During the test, either the WirelessHART or the ISA100.11a served as the system under test and the other systems were used for wireless interferences. WirelessHART and ISA100.11a field devices were developed to set up WirelessHART and ISA100.11a networks systems. All the systems were distributed in a wide and real industrial environment with metal structures and industrial equipment generating interference. Finally, a series of experiments was performed. The experimental results and analysis provide useful information on coexistence issues for system designers and standard developers of WIANs.
A compressed sensing method for a wider swath in synthetic aperture imaging

In this paper, a novel synthetic aperture imaging method based on compressed sensing (CS) is presented. The method, employing a novel sampling matrix, provides a new sampling scheme to prevent from azimuth ambiguity in wider imaging swath observation. With fewer azimuth observations, the method provides acceptable imaging results and solves the ambiguity problem successfully. The novel method requires no modification to the hardware of contemporary imaging devices but lower pulse repetition frequency. It shares the advantages of reduced data amount, and no side lobe distort as well. Experiments are conducted to show the robustness of the method under a wide range of SNRs. (4 pages)
A method of dynamic V&V based on HILS for CTCS3

Chinese Train Control System Level 3 (in short, CTCS3) is extremely complicated, and must be reliable and safe. Therefore, its design and development need to be validated by simulation. Particularly, we need to guarantee the reliability of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (in short, HILS) system via Verification and Validation (V&V) during the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) for each sub-system. First, we analyze the common problem of most current V&V methods that they do not verify the model in this HILS system dynamically and automatically. Then, we present a dynamic V&V method based on HILS, and sequentially discuss the structure of the verifier, the verification algorithm and the validation criterion. Finally, we show how this method is successfully applied in CTCS3 HILS system.
Exploiting inter-frame correlations in compound video coding

Compound images/videos are a mixture of text, graphics and natural images/video. Despite extensive research on compound image coding, rare research on compound video coding has been reported in the literature. This paper proposes three approaches to exploit inter-frame correlations in compound video. One is the motion compensation aided base color (MCA-BC) approach, which handles a special type of motion on text/graphics parts: foreground/background color change. The other two are motion-compensated residue base color and index map (MC-BCIM) and the motion-compensated residue scalar quantization (MC-RSQ) approach, both of which exploit spatial correlations among motion compensated residues. Experiments based on the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) reference software HM0.9 show that the proposed scheme largely improves the coding efficiency for more than 3dB on compound video with text/graphics and still keep a comparable performance on natural video content.
Location Privacy against Traffic Analysis Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Traffic analysis attacks are passive attacks that try to deduce the traffic pattern based on the eavesdropped information. Through analyzing the packet traffic, it can deduce the location of strategic nodes, and then launch an active attack to those locations, such as DoS attack. Therefore, defending against a traffic analysis attack is to prevent the adversary from tracing the location of critical sensor nodes. Due to the open wireless communication media exposing the context information to adversaries, we cannot use traditional encryption and authentication to prevent the adversaries from eavesdropping on the wireless communication. In this paper, we propose three schemes to defend against the traffic analysis attacks. Firstly, a random routing scheme (RRS) is proposed to provide path diversity. Secondly, we combine RRS with a dummy packet injection scheme (DPIS) to confuse the adversary by tracing or tracing back the forwarded packet to reach the receiver or source. Finally, an anonymous communication scheme (ACS) is proposed to hide the identities of all nodes that participate in packets transmission. Through security analysis and simulation, we can see that our proposed schemes can efficiently defend against traffic analysis attacks, take less delivery time and achieve uniform energy consumption.
Design of an integrated sensor for in vivo simultaneous electrocontractile cardiac mapping

While there is extensive mapping of the spread of electrical activity in the heart, there have been no measurements of electrical and localized mechanical, or contractile, activity. Yet the development of effective treatments for diseases like chronic heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy depend on the ability to quantify improvements in electrocontractile function. In this paper, we present a sensor that is capable of making simultaneous, electrocontractile measurements. Its small size facilitates placement in multiple myocardial sites for multichannel studies. Semiconductor strain gages are used for force sensing, and Ag/AgCl-plated tungsten electrodes act as electrogram sensors. The sensor contains electronics on-board, including instrumentation amplifiers and a microprocessor for data sampling and analog-to-digital conversion. Each sensor can accurately detect 0-245/spl plusmn/5 mV in two electrogram channels with a sensitivity of 0.96/spl plusmn/0.2 mV/step and less than 2% error, and 0-144/spl plusmn/29 g of contractile force with a sensitivity of 0.56/spl plusmn/0.11 g/step in the analog-to-digital conversion and less than 6% error. The sensor has been tested in vivo in open-chest rabbit and pig mapping studies. These studies indicated that the average peak-to-peak contractile force at the apex is smaller in the rabbit than the pig (13.3 versus 40.3 g), that the average peak-to-peak contractile force in the pig is smaller near the base than near the apex (31.3 versus 40.3 g), and that contractile force is visibly decreased during ventricular fibrillation compared to normal sinus rhythm.
Impact of subchannel design on DC and RF performance of 0.1 μm MODFETs with InAs-inserted channel

It is shown that a further performance improvement in MODFETs with InAs-inserted channel structures can be achieved by properly designing the subchannel layer that lies directly under the main channel of the InAs layer. The use of an In/sub 0.30/Ga/sub 0.70/As layer grown with tensile strain on the InP substrate contributes to better accommodation of the 2D electron gas in the InAs layer. This translates to a >10% increase in the maximum extrinsic transconductance and an 8% increase in the current gain cutoff frequency of a 0.1 /spl mu/m device.
Learning by Associating Ambiguously Labeled Images

We study in this paper the problem of learning classifiers from ambiguously labeled images. For instance, in the collection of new images, each image contains some samples of interest (\emph{e.g.,} human faces), and its associated caption has labels with the true ones included, while the sample-label association is unknown. The task is to learn classifiers from these ambiguously labeled images and generalize to new images. An essential consideration here is how to make use of the information embedded in the relations between samples and labels, both within each image and across the image set. To this end, we propose a novel framework to address this problem. Our framework is motivated by the observation that samples from the same class repetitively appear in the collection of ambiguously labeled training images, while they are just ambiguously labeled in each image. If we can identify samples of the same class from each image and associate them across the image set, the matrix formed by the samples from the same class would be ideally low-rank. By leveraging such a low-rank assumption, we can simultaneously optimize a partial permutation matrix (PPM) for each image, which is formulated in order to exploit all information between samples and labels in a principled way. The obtained PPMs can be readily used to assign labels to samples in training images, and then a standard SVM classifier can be trained and used for unseen data. Experiments on benchmark datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
A new predictive algorithm for radio propagation model in WCDMA networks

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to predict the coverage area of pilot channel, which can aid the RF optimization of WCDMA wireless networks. This algorithm exploits a radio propagation model without 3D digital map and inversion technique to reconstruct the median strength distribution of pilot signals in a cell with few measured data. Based on this distribution, we can determine the main coverage area of pilot channel. We show that our algorithm is accurate and fast enough to predict efficiently the coverage area which is one of the key tasks in the optimization process of WCDMA networks.
Modeling and motion analysis of four-Mecanum wheel omni-directional mobile platform

Because of its comprehensive and flexible sporty performance, omni-directional mobile platform is widely used in industrial production, daily life as well as military fields. Disposed on four terminals of the vehicle body, each wheel's movement is controlled by an independent motor respectively. In this paper, we provide a structural analysis and motion resolving solution to the platform based on four separate Mecanum wheels. We then study the proper layouts that meet the conditions required for full-directional movements. Finally, we build the perspective mathematical model in its kinematics and dynamics terms.