nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Boundary Extraction of Moving Object Based on Spatio-Temporal Information

This paper propose a novel algorithm of boundary extraction of moving objects. This method utilizes spatio-temporal information. Firstly, a hypothesis test is performed to detect the change area, that is, comparing two variance estimates, respectively obtained in a observation window and in background from frame difference of two consecutive images, results in a x2-test. After some necessary morphological, scanning and filling-in operations, an area including foreground and little background is gotten. Then Canny operator is adopted to get its edge image Ec consisting of the moving object's edges and very few edges from the background. For getting the boundary of the target, a sequence of morphological technology is used. A connecting method makes sure the object's boundary is intact and connected, in which, a 3*3 mask is utilized to connect pixels which possibly belong to the boundary based on the direction information. Then a disconnection method and a pruning method are adopted to remove the parasitic components and a threshold value is set for connected area to remove the edges due to textures inside the object or in background. Finally, we can get the exact and smooth boundary of moving objects. Simulation results show that the given algorithm performs well in terms of the computational efficiency and the segmentation accuracy.
Circular Pipelining: Minimizing Round-Trip Delay in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Networks

In wireless networks, duty-cycling operations have been widely used to reduce the energy cost of RF idle listening at wireless receivers. Such operations, however, introduce delays in data forwarding because a sender has to wait for a targeted receiver to wake up. To reduce end-to-end delivery delays, researchers have proposed scheduling techniques , ,  to wake up nodes along the data forwarding path at the right moment. However, these techniques consider only one-way delivery from a sink to nodes (or vice versa), failing to optimally support round-trip network operations such as (i) query and response, (ii) command and control and (iii) data fetching. In this work, we interestingly reveal that the optimal roundtrip delay in a low-duty-cycle network depends only on (i) duty cycle period and (ii) the number of 2-connected network components between the source and destination nodes. We prove that optimality in the round-trip delay can be achieved by establishing a simple circular path and its related cords, in which nodes are assigned wake-up slots in an ascending order in each network component, and connecting these paths into a circular pipeline. We compared our Circular Pipelining (CP) algorithm with the state-of-art solutions , and the experimental results show that without using circular forwarding, existing solutions have a round-trip delay proportional to the network diameter, while CP remains a minimal constant delay of T as long as the network is 2-connected. We also implement the Circular Pipelining (CP) algorithm in a test bed consisting of 30 MICAz nodes, achieving significant delay reduction compared to three baseline solutions in the literature.
Design of pig farm environmental parameters monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks

Introduces the design and implementation of a pig farm environmental parameters monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks. It use wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee, embedded platform and technology LAN communication. For the product environment of pig farm, Real-time access the on-site parameters as temperature and humidity, and publish them by WEB. It alarm if the parameters exceed the threshold, and parameters could be control automatically or manually by remote computer. This system can also be used on other occasions such as crop cultivation, livestock production.
Multi-chip integrated high-power white LED device on the multi-layer ceramic substrate

In order to solve the thermal issue and improve the thermal resistance of LED, a device with multi-chip packaged on multi-layer composite ceramic substrate is successfully packaged. The top layer of the substrate is low temperature co-fire ceramic (LTCC), while the base layer is aluminum nitride (AINx) ceramic. 18 chips(one watt) are used in the device, and all of them are simultaneously packaged on a composite ceramic substrate which is 55 mm in length and 20 mm in width. The 18 chips are designed into two rows, and three chips in series for six parallels. At the same time the same chips are packaged on aluminum (Al) substrate and alumina (AlOx) substrate. After wire bonding photoelectric parameters of the three package modules are tested, the results show that the properties of the AINx-based package has the best performances, the thermal resistance of the device is far smaller than the other devices packed on the Al substrate and the AlOx substrate. After phosphor coatings the AINx-based multi-layer ceramic substrate package has 896.1 lm (43.4 lm/W) loading 350 milliampere (mA) to each chip, and has 1081.3 lm (35.4 lm/W) loading 500 mA. The multi-chip module has little light degradation adding 500 mA to each chip after working in the room temperature for one afternoon. At last the module is simulated by ANSYS software, the highest junction temperature of the chips in the module is about 70.8degC when 1.8 watts electric power is loaded to each chip, this temperature is far lower than 125degC which will damage the chip, and he highest simulation temperature of the aluminum heat slug is about 39.3degC. The temperature of the aluminum heat slug is about 41.0degC which is tested by thermocouple in the experiments, and it is closely to the simulation temperature 39.3degC. At last the relationship between pn-junction temperature and thermal conductivity coefficient of the silver (Ag) paste , the relationship between pn-junction temperatures and convection coefficient have been researched, the results show that the pn-junction temperature can be decreased a lot while increase the thermal conductivity coefficient of the adhesive layer or increase the convection coefficient a little.
Numerical Analysis Study on Flow Field and Sound Field in Spiral Tube

The model of Realizable κ-ε in fluent of computational fluid dynamics software was used to numerically simulate unsteady turbulent flow in spiral tube. In order to get the sound pressure with time variation diagram and the sound field spectrogram, the situation of flow field was analyzed and the acoustic field was monitored by the FW-H equation. The results show that the pressure of fluid to the internal wall was changing continually with time in the flow field. They were given that the cross section which can produce relatively large turbulent kinetic energy, and the relationships between the spiral angle θ and turbulent kinetic energy, speed. It was found that the sound pressure in sound field increased with time, reached the extreme value and then leveled out. The sound pressure level gradually decreased with the increase of frequency. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the optimization and design of spiral pipe.
Optical Communication Using Subcarrier PSK Intensity Modulation Through Atmospheric Turbulence Channels

This paper studies optical communications using subcarrier phase shift keying (PSK) intensity modulation through atmospheric turbulence channels. The bit error rate (BER) is derived for optical communication systems employing either on/off key (OOK) or subcarrier PSK intensity modulation. It is shown that at BER = 10-6 and a scintillation level of sigma = 0.1, an optical communication system employing subcarrier BPSK is 3 dB better than a comparable system using fixed-threshold OOK. When sigma = 0.2, an optical communication system employing subcarrier BPSK achieves a BER = 10-6 at SNR = 13.7 dB, while the BER of a comparable system employing OOK can never be less than 10-4. Convolutional codes are discussed for optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels. Interleaving is employed to overcome memory effect in atmospheric turbulence channels. An upper bound on BER is derived for optical communication systems employing convolutional codes and subcarrier BPSK modulation.
Intelligent and optimal control of energy saving of gas boiler group

An intelligent and optimal control strategy of energy saving for heat supplying process under four gas boiler group run conditions in a residential district is introduced in this paper. The combustion under optimal NG-air ratio is ensured by means of compound congtrol of feed-forward and feedback. According to the empirical data curves of output and return water temperature in various weather and climate, a intelligent logical controller, designed on the basis of imitating human problem solving to deal with boiler operation, respectively adjusted the NG and water circulation. What's more, to keep boilers run under efficient state with rated load, the tracking Time-Discrete-Control (TDC) and the optimization program of boiler group were further developed. The impact of the energy saving is clearly visible in the operational data of boiler group.
An effective low-complexity multi-vital-signs compression technique for embedded-link e-home healthcare

Transplanting the existing e-home healthcare system to source-limited embedded-link device for home-use health monitoring, intelligent medical diagnosis and wireless transmission is attractive. Yet, constrains of portable storage, computing and transmission promote the need of data compression for such applications. Existing compression techniques are mostly desktop-computer-based and computation-consuming, making them unsuitable for mobile device. To tackle such a bottleneck problem, this paper addresses an effective low-complexity multi-vital-signs compression technique based on orthogonal polynomial decomposition (OPD) algorithm using Hermite functions. The technique is proposed and operated on the designated healthcare system with optimized parameters. Validated and tested with cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis based on sphygmogram both experimentally and clinically, the proposed technique achieves comparable good performance with distortion less than 2% and compression ratio up to 6, and preserves significant pathological features of multi-vital-signs for clinical diagnosis. The proposed technique is highly robust even for freaky and pathological signals. In addition, the compressed results reflecting morphological features can be directly adapted to the subsequent medical analysis without further decompression.
Relation between ambient temperature and the output power of optical-contact crystal green lasers

In this paper, from detailed experiment-based research on how ambient temperature influences the output power of optical-contact crystal green laser, it is showed that the output power of optical-contact crystal laser is directly affected by ambient temperature, and individual difference exists in the optical-contact crystals. The negative effect caused by low ambient temperature can be eliminated by temperature control sleeves. Most optical-contact crystal lasers work well at room temperature.
Energy window optimization in simultaneous SPECT(Tl-201)/TCT(Tc-99m) data acquisition

In simultaneous SPECT(Tl-201)/TCT(Tc-99m) data acquisition, emission and transmission images are degraded by both scatter photons and cross-contamination between emission and transmission photons. In this work, the authors aim to reduce these image degradations by optimizing the position and width of the energy window in a triple-camera fan-beam SPECT system. A statistical criterion based on maximizing the Figure-of-Merit (FOM) was used in the optimization by determining a compromise between increased detection efficiency of primary photons and reduced scatter and contamination photons. Scatter events were modeled using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. Experimental studies were performed to verify the simulations and to estimate the lead X-rays and scatter in the collimator which were not modeled in the MC program. Results suggest that cross-contamination degrades the emission and transmission data. However, they do not significantly alter the optimal energy window settings which centered at 75 keV with a window width of 30-35% for detecting the Tl emission photons, and centered at 140 keV with a window width of 15/spl sim/20% for detecting the Tc transmission photons.<<ETX>>
A Multi-Focus Image Fusion Algorithm with DT-CWT

A multi-focus image fusion algorithm with Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is proposed in the paper. There are some disadvantages in Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), such as shift variance and lack of directional selectivity. Therefore, to have better representation of the images, they are processed with DT-CWT. The low frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients are fused separately with different methods because of their different characteristics. To the low frequency coefficients, neighborhood gradient maximum selectivity (NGMS) scheme is used, the ones having maximal neighborhood gradient are selected. To the high frequency coefficients, the absolute value maximum selectivity (AVMS) is used, the ones having maximal absolute values are selected. Experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper not only solves the problems such as low contrast and blocking effects caused by fusion algorithms in space domain, but also avoids the artifacts and ringing artifacts exhibited by conventional wavelet based fusion algorithms.  DT-CWT, image fusion, multi-focus, NGMS, AVMS
Parametric design of the 2K-V series reducer based on Creo TOOLKIT

Aiming at complex series product, the middle-structure modeling method based on features is put forward and the parametric design method is studied to realize the quick design and provide the digital model for latter simulation and manufacturing. Taking the 2K-V reducer as an example, the middle-structure model of the product is created, which can be transformed into the instance product through the Creo TOOLKIT tool in the Creo environment. The system of 2K-V Reducer Parametric Design is developed, which realize the quick design for the series product. The parametric design method has widely reference value for other product's design.
Research on Semantic Similarity Calculation of Linked Data Based on Multiple Factors

Semantic similarity calculation has been an important role in information retrieval of linked data, so calculation results will directly affect data mining results. To solve the problem of lower computation precision caused by the unity of factors on the research of semantic similarity calculation on linked data and the underutilization on semantic information of concept, this paper proposes a new semantic similarity calculation method based on multiple factors. This method combines the importance of attribute, types of attribute value with correlation. Firstly, it assigns the corresponding weight to the attribute, and uses the matching similarity algorithm of attributes according to the types of attribute value, and then similarity computation based on concept attributes is done. Secondly, it defines the path of correlation and determines the length of path, and then similarity computation based on correlation is done. Finally, through integrating the results of computation, the more accurate similarity can be get The experiment confirms that the proposed method fully utilizes semantic information of the concept and the calculation result can better reveal the similarity relation between concepts in linked data, compared with the calculation results based on the unity of factors.
Lowpass filter using offset double-sided parallel-strip lines

A novel lowpass filter using offset double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSL) is proposed. The proposed lowpass filter has the advantages of enhanced stopband and high power-handling capability compared with the conventional microstrip lowpass filter, because the high impedance is realised by offsetting the top and bottom strips of DSPSL without decreasing the width of strips. The theoretical and measured results are presented.
Reliability evaluation for complex system based on connectivity reliability of network model

A new kind of reliability calculation method for complex system was proposed in this paper. Taking the components as the nodes, the reliability of complex system was represented by the connectivity reliability of shortest path in the network model of complex system. According to the differences of connecting types, different reliability calculation models were constructed. Finally, taking the bogie system of high-speed as the example, the method proposed in this paper was applied and verified. Results showed that the method can effectively analyze and estimate the reliability of the high speed train, providing a new kind of research idea for reliability calculation.
Exploring the antecedents of electronic word-of-mouth communication: Using involvement perspective

With the advance of the World Wide Web, more and more people learn new knowledge and share information from traditional face-to-face communication to online communities on the Internet. An online community is a platform on the Internet, where members read articles, post comments, and interact with other members. However, in operating and maintaining an online community for a long term, many community managers face this problem: many community members only browse articles of their interest; they do not post new articles, comments, replies, or provide any meaningful information. Facing this problem, community managers should realize why members share and provide information. This study regards involvement as a motive to explore word-of-month communication (a sharing behavior) and develops two antecedent variables: cognitive involvement and affective involvement. It seeks to know how these two types of involvement motivate members to perform electronic word-of-month communication. At last, this study aims to provide online community managers with better solutions and suggestions to work on their communities.
High efficient Pd-based bimetallic alloyed catalyst for Electroless deposition of metallic copper

The ECD have been considered critical process for PCB industry, yet the catalysts with high performance are of great importance in this process. In this work, PdCu bimetallic alloyed catalyst for Electroless copper deposition (ECD) were proposed by reducing the mixed metallic precursor with a simple hydrothermal method. The tunable Pd/Cu ratio plays key role of the morphologies and the electro-catalytic activity. The as-prepared PdCu catalysts Pd1Cu1.5 exhibits enhanced activity and high mass current density (about 576mA mgPd-1) as well as high efficiency of ECD.
A Load-balanced MAC Protocol for Multi-channel Ad-hoc Networks

A novel load-balanced based medium access control scheme for ad hoc networks with multiple channels available is presented in this paper, which dynamically assign channels to mobile hosts based on an on-demand method, and exploits the status information of neighbor nodes piggyback on channel-reservation messages to update the channel status recorded in nodes. The protocol aims at efficient data transmission on multiple channels with only one half-duplex transceiver at each node with few control messages exchange and little overhead increment. At the same time, it does not require the clock synchronization between nodes, which greatly simplifies the hardware equipment of nodes and enlarges its application areas. Simulation results show that the protocol results in good performance in the aspects of network throughput and load balance among channels, which makes it well adaptive to the dynamic ad hoc network environment
Research on Innovation Ability Evaluation Based on Gray-Related Balance Factor

As the complexity of the process of technological innovation, there is no uniform standard on how to measure technological innovation at home and abroad. Evaluation of technological innovation, however, is an important management tool in the process of technological innovation. Therefore, the author introduces the Balanced Scorecard on the base of summarizing the research on technological innovations at home and abroad, and then intends to build a technological innovation evaluation system, which takes balanced scorecard as a tool for the evaluation. The author also builds innovative capability assessment model with the application of gray relational analysis method and on this basis, introduces a balanced factor, taking into account of not only the capacity dimensions weights but also the overall innovation capability. Finally, validate that by means of case study.
Research on Temperature Control System of Ceramic Roller Kiln Based on FCS

We propose a temperature control system of ceramic roller kiln based on FCS. It provides a reasonably good solution to two basic problems in process control, namely, the real-time control of field devices and the network communications of field signals. The hardware configuration and the software architecture of master station is described. The monitoring software is developed using WinCC6.0 and STEP7 of Siemens. It can real-time monitor, dynamically display the working states of the whole system, set and display the main parameters of the control system, and monitor system faults. The hardware configuration assigns addresses to the slave stations so that the control program of the plant can be compiled. We also give the detailed designs of the forward channel of data acquisition and the communication module of the slave station. This temperature control system proposed can greatly improve the reliability of the whole system. It also can increase ceramic product while reduce the energy consumption. It really reflects the concept of automation in modern industrial process.
Research on land-use automatical classification based on HJ -1 satellite data

Based on the calibrated HJ-1 satellite images, Dark pixel method was used to do the atmospheric correction, then applying the pre-processing of the CCD data of HJ-1 satellite to the quantitative inversion model. Acquired four kinds of surface features index: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Land Surface Temperature, Vegetation Coverage Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, based on these indicators, extracted the six feature types and achieved the automatic classification of land-use.
A method for generating robust line plan of high speed railway

The organization of the high speed railway is most important in China today, while the line planning step is the key to make the high speed railway system to run safely. It is urgent to find a new method to generate a robust line plan for high speed railway to adapt with the randomly occurring disturbs. A model is built in this paper and the approach to select the most robust line plan is discussed. A computing example is listed to illustrate the approach and it proves that it is effective. The model is well built and the method to generate and select the robust line plan has high efficiency.
External consensus of networked multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics and random network delay

In this paper, the external consensus problem of networked multi-agent systems with fixed undirected topology, random network delay and nonlinear dynamics is considered. The unknown nonlinear dynamics existing in the systems can be described as RBF-ARX model. Besides, the random network delay can be compensated by introducing the prediction strategy. The RBF-ARX model is used as prediction model to design the output predictor, which is to generate the prediction sequence of control input and agent's output. Then, the designed selector chooses the proper value from the available sequences corresponding to the value of the network delay. Based on the mentioned above, a distributed external consensus control algorithm is proposed to make the considered systems with external reference input achieve consensus. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.