nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Language model adaptation based on the classification of a trigram's language style feature

In this paper, an adaptation method of the language style of a language model is proposed based on the differences between spoken and written language. Several interpolation methods based on trigram counts are used for adaptation. An interpolation method considering Katz smoothing computes weights according to the confidence score of a trigram. An adaptation method based on the classification of a trigram's style feature computes weights dynamically according to the trigram's language style tendency, and several weight generation functions are proposed. Experiments for spoken language on the Chinese corpora show that these methods, especially the method considering both a trigram's confidence and style tendency, can achieve a reduction in the Chinese character error rate for pinyin-to-character conversion.
Constrained trajectory optimization for hypersonic unpowered glider in near space using gauss pseudospectral method

The main objective of this paper was that take Gauss pseudospectral method applied to solve maximum hypersonic unpowered glide trajectory in the presence of constraint such as dynamic pressure, overload and heat flux. In Gauss pseudospectral method, the state and control variables were approximate using a global Lagrange interpolating polynomial. First, the equations of motion and optimization model were described. Then, the optimal control problem could discrete into a nonlinear programming problem using Gauss pseudospectral method. Finally, nonlinear programming problem was solved using Sequential Quadratic Programming. Through optimization process, constrained optimal trajectory could acquire. The precision and fast convergence of this method has been demonstrated with the trajectory optimization of hypersonic unpowered glider in near space.
An investigation of periodic waveguides with axial and azimuthal corrugations

The existing studies about the dispersion characteristics of the sinusoidal rippled wall cylindrical waveguides mostly center on one-dimensionally (1-D) corrugated waveguides. Sometimes two-dimensional (2-D) corrugated waveguides are needed to provide better selective and resonance properties not achievable with 1-D periodic structures. The authors of this paper improve the method of calculating the waveguide axially periodic by expanding the slow-wave structure's boundary function in Fourier series, so that it can be adopted in periodic waveguides with axial and azimuthal corrugations. In addition, the general dispersion equations for the investigation of 2-D periodic waveguide are presented in this paper. The advantage of the method lies in its universality, providing solution to the dispersion characteristics for most of the periodic waveguides with axial and azimuthal corrugations. By the method suggested here, the paper analyzes the dispersion characteristics and coupling impedance of a new rib-loaded disk-loaded waveguide and other periodic waveguides.
Implementation of self-heating and trapping effects in surface potential model of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

The self-heating and charge trapping effects are implemented in surface-potential (SP) based large signal model of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in this paper. The self-heating effect (SHE) is incorporated into nonlinear current model by embedding temperature increment into free-carrier mobility model. Moreover, the dispersion due to trapping effect is modeled through an effective gate-source voltage based methods. The experimental results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the static (DC) and pulsed-gate-and-drain IV (PIV) characteristics of the device over a wide bias. And the small-signal and large-signal behavior is also verified with good accuracy.
Study on the signal control problem with pedestrians non-complying

To solve the signal control problems created by the mutual interference between motor traffic and pedestrians in cities, the signal control model with pedestrians non-complying is proposed based on the traditional signal optimization model. A particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the signal control problem. Based on an intersection of Tianhe district in Guangzhou City, the model is calculated and simulated through programming. As it shows, the proposed method achieved substantially better performance than did traditional approaches without considering pedestrians non-complying.
An Evolutionary Algorithm Using Utility Function as Evolution Directing Function for the Traveling Salesman Problem

The traveling salesman problem is a typical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. This paper proposes an evolutionary algorithm based on multi-players game theory (EAMG) for the TSP. EAMG transforms TSP to an n-person game, through agents' rational behavior to optimize the solution of problem. This paper introduces in detail the design and experiments of EAMG, and analyzes its ability and time complexity, and also compares our algorithm with some other optimization algorithms. The theoretical analysis and experiment results show that EAMG has a good ability of problem solving
Destructive Effect of DBCD Plasma on HBsAg in Human Blood and Its Impact on Erythrocyte Functions

This paper aimed to investigate the destructive effect of an atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma (LTP) on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human blood as well as its impact on the functions of erythrocytes. Dielectric barrier corona discharge was used to generate the atmospheric-pressure LTP to treat the blood samples collected from hepatitis B patients with positive HBsAg, HBeAg, and anti-HBc, but negative HBsAb and HBeAb. The experimental results showed that the antigenicity of HBsAg in blood samples changed from positive to negative after being treated with the LTP for more than 40 s. Furthermore, the investigations demonstrated that after more than 30 s treatment of the LTP, osmotic fragility and malondialdehyde level of erythrocytes increased significantly, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of erythrocytes decreased remarkably. Our results revealed that the LTP could effectively destruct HBsAg in blood and inhibit erythrocyte functions during the process.
Frame Interpolation for Cloud-Based Mobile Video Streaming

Cloud-based High Definition (HD) video streaming is becoming popular day by day. On one hand, it is important for both end users and large storage servers to store their huge amount of data at different locations and servers. On the other hand, it is becoming a big challenge for network service providers to provide reliable connectivity to the network users. There have been many studies over cloud-based video streaming for Quality of Experience (QoE) for services like YouTube. Packet losses and bit errors are very common in transmission networks, which affect the user feedback over cloud-based media services. To cover up packet losses and bit errors, Error Concealment (EC) techniques are usually applied at the decoder/receiver side to estimate the lost information. This paper proposes a time-efficient and quality-oriented EC method. The proposed method considers H.265/HEVC based intra-encoded videos for the estimation of whole intra-frame loss. The main emphasis in the proposed approach is the recovery of Motion Vectors (MVs) of a lost frame in real-time. To boost-up the search process for the lost MVs, a bigger block size and searching in parallel are both considered. The simulation results clearly show that our proposed method outperforms the traditional Block Matching Algorithm (BMA) by approximately 2.5 dB and Frame Copy (FC) by up to 12 dB at a packet loss rate of 1%, 3%, and 5% with different Quantization Parameters (QPs). The computational time of the proposed approach outperforms the BMA by approximately 1788 seconds.
Planar efficient metasurface for vortex beam generating and converging in microwave region

In this paper, a single-layer transmission-type metasurface is proposed to generate vortex beams and converge the beam in microwave region. Utilizing the abrupt phase changes introduced by the unit cells, the required phase differences accumulated along the propagation path in conventional optical lens can be easily achieved, resulting in a planar structure of the proposed microwave lens. The results show that our design works efficiently at the operation frequency.
CAMHID: Camera Motion Histogram Descriptor and Its Application to Cinematographic Shot Classification

In this paper, we propose a nonparametric camera motion descriptor for video shot classification. In the proposed method, a motion vector field (MVF) is constructed for each consecutive video frame by computing the motion vector (MV) of each macroblock. Then, the MVFs are divided into a number of local region of equal size. Next, the inconsistent/noisy MVs of each local region are eliminated by a motion consistency analysis. The remaining MVs of each local region from a number of consecutive frames are further collected for a compact representation. Initially, a matrix is formed using the MVs. Then, the matrix is decomposed using a singular value decomposition technique to represent the dominant motion. Finally, the angle of the most variance retaining principal component is computed and quantized to represent the motion of a local region by using a histogram. In order to represent the global camera motion, the local histograms are combined. The effectiveness of the proposed motion descriptor for video shot classification is tested by using a support vector machine. First, the proposed camera motion descriptors for video shots classification are computed on a video data set consisting of regular camera motion patterns (e.g., pan, zoom, tilt, static). Then, we apply the camera motion descriptors with an extended set of features to the classification of cinematographic shots. The experimental results show that the proposed shot level camera motion descriptor has a strong discriminative capability to classify different camera motion patterns of different videos effectively. We also show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
On CoMP Transmission for Device-to-Device Communications in Mobile Social Networks

In future heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs), the device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered as an efficient technique emerging mobile social network (MSN) services. Due to spectrum reuse among devices, the D2D however also brings in more interference, which will cause degradation in spectral efficiency (SE) when the density or centralization of devices is relatively high. With the help of control and data planes separation architecture (SARC) in the HCN, a smaller granularity of cooperation at device level is expected to be available for interference mitigation. Therefore, this letter introduces the coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP) into D2D- enabled MSN to enhance SE performance. A CoMP scheme based on the average received signal power is designed for the D2D-enabled MSN (namely MSN-D2D- CoMP), on which basis the SE performance is analyzed using stochastic geometry for a hierarchical HCN with underlaying D2D devices. It is shown that MSN- D2D-CoMP effectively helps mitigating interference and outperforms the conventional paired D2D in SE (38.4% on average according to simulation results). And the gain of MSN-D2D-CoMP in SE increases with closer social relations for devices.
Experimental Study on the Heat Storage/Release Characteristics of a Thermoelectric Heat Pump Phase-Change Thermal Storage Device

This paper made experimental study on the heat storage / release characteristics of a new-type thermoelectric heat pump phase-change thermal storage device which can achieve active heat storage/release, by altering the operating parameter such as heat medium flow, heat medium temperature difference, input current. The results show that: when the working voltage and the exhaust heat source temperature are high, the time that the device need to store heat is short. The heating coefficient of the device can be influenced by over high working voltage. Compared to passive heat storage / release phase-change thermal storage devices, the device improved the mismatch of thermal energy supply and demand sides on time, place and intensity in the process of low-temperature waste heat recovery. It overcame disadvantages that passive thermal energy conversion device existed. The device can timely adjust heat storage rate according to the time and intensity of heat emission, actively recycle and use low temperature waste heat.
Measurement algorithm of mounting holes based on binocular stereo vision

Considering the high reflectivity of metal components and the difficulty of binocular stereo matching, to obtain the diameter of the mounting hole accurately, this paper presents a effective measurement scheme, based on epipolar-line constraint algorithm for binocular stereo vision and the theory of direct least square method. First of all, using Canny edge detection operator to extract the sub-pixel contours of mounting holes, which can be obtained from the gray image capture of left and right camera; with Turkey weight function fitting ellipse, reducing the influence of outliers to get a better fitting precision; The line laser, which is used for searching for feature points, moves in a fixed direction and scans in the field, in order to determine the center of the laser strip accurately. This article, combining extreme value method and gray-gravity method, shows a strategy, which can determine the effective range of computing automatically. Based on the geometric characteristics of the circular space, we can get the radius of mounting holes and the coordinates of the center point of the circular hole. It proves that the method can be implemented with a strong and high accuracy by multi group experiments.
“Zero” drain-current drift of inversion-mode NMOSFET on InP (111)A surface

InP is a commonly used compound semiconductor with wide applications in electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic devices. Compared to GaAs, InP is widely believed to be a more forgiving material with respect to Fermi level pinning and has a higher electron saturation velocity (2.5×107 cm/s) as well. It could be a viable channel material for high-speed logic applications if a high-quality, thermodynamically stable high-k dielectric could be found.  It is of great importance for the understanding of high-k/InP interfaces since InP is identified as a transition layer for ALD high-k/InGaAs quantum well transistor in state-of-the-art devices.  Motivated by previous work on surface orientation studies of GaAs  and InGaAs , we have systematically studied NMOSFETs, MOSCAPs, and interfacial chemistry on two different crystalline surfaces: InP (100) and (111)A (In-rich). With ALD Al2O3 in direct contact as gate dielectric, a record high drain current of 600 µA/µm is obtained for an InP inversion-mode MOSFET on the (111)A surface with a gate length of 1µm, which is a factor of 2.6 enhancement compared to the (100) surface at the same VG-VT condition. The smoother Al2O3/(111)A interface and a shift of the charge-neutrality-level (CNL)  on InP(111)A toward the conduction band edge is identified as the origin of this drain current enhancement in spite of the extracted interface trap density (Dit).  In this paper, we report on “zero” drain-current drift on InP (111)A MOSFETs which is a major issue to prevent commercializing InP MOSFET technology on (100) surface in 1980s.
Notice of RetractionAn improved subdivision algorithm based on quadrilateral meshes

This paper proposed an improved subdivision algorithm that based on quadrilateral mesh. Firstly, we implement quadrilateral mesh preprocessing to polygon mesh by paired method, and then adopt the strategy of slowing growth in the number of edges. After each subdivision, the number of meshes increase approximately 1 times, the result of twice subdivision nearly equal to the traditional 1-4 subdivision once. The subdivision surface is generated by the improved algorithm has C2 continuity in the regular vertex and C1 continuity in the extraordinary vertex. The experiment show that the improved algorithm is effective, it can slow down the growth rate of meshes effectively, be good to the multi-resolution analysis of model, can keep the character of original model splendidly, and make the generated surface smooth and connection.
Response to comments to "A distributive-transconductance model for border traps in III¿V/High-k MOS capacitors"

We would like to thank Professor Taur and his colleagues for pointing out that the variation of an additional factor, emission probability (en), affects the charging current associated with border traps. While the new derivation shown in their comments is complete, we believe that the transconductance model of the above-named article [ibid., vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 735-737, Jun. 2013] does not introduce significant numerical error when applied to interpret the C-V data (1 kHz-1 MHz) measured from the high-k/GaAs MOS systems discussed in the original article. The original authors present a model to show that in spite of the missing factor in transconductance model, the model does not introduce significant errors within the parameter range discussed in the original work so the conclusions about the GaAs MOS capacitors in the original article should still be considered valid.
TaskInsight: A Fine-Grained Performance Anomaly Detection and Problem Locating System

Performance anomaly is one of the key issues to threaten the Quality of Service of the applications in cloud. However, the complexities and consolidation of application, the fluctuation of workload or other factors make the anomaly detection a burdensome task. Traditional solutions exploit the metrics at system level to detect the anomaly. However, system level metrics are too coarse to remedy the fluctuation and locate the real root cause. In this paper, we present a system called TaskInsight, which could detect performance anomaly and locate the problem at a fine-grained task level in a black-box fashion. It leverages unsupervised clustering approach cooperated with the multitasking type to induce the normal resource usage behavior patterns from historical data. The evaluation result shows that TaskInsight can detect the common performance anomaly precisely. Furthermore, it could easily locate the malicious or anomalous task. In multi-process condition, the detection precision could reach 90% on average.
Fusion model of vehicle positioning with BP neural network

A vehicle positioning fusion model adopted Back-Propagation (BP) neural network is proposed in this paper, which presents a combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Mobile Positioning System (MPS) of lower cost and accuracy. The BP Algorithm is employed, and the problems of the slow convergence speed of the BP algorithm and the local minimal point can be solved utilizing the momentum method and the strategy of adaptive learning-rate. Training results with research data shows that this algorithm is applicable. The model is proved to be less depended on the positioning models of GPS and MPS and less cost consuming except for certain errors of position accuracy. Hence we also give result analysis for advanced ideas and improvements.
Single rotor compressor's low frequency control scheme in air conditioner

For practical condition of compressor system, position sensorless scheme must be adopted. Because of low precision of position estimation and the fluctuation of the compressor's load during each mechanical period, the speed ripples and vibration problems are serious in low frequency range by adopting traditional vector control scheme. In this paper, basing on estimation of rotor position, the method of real time load auto estimation is present. Through which torque feed forward compensation can be realized. And then the position sensorless scheme is optimized to attain super low frequency operation. Through the adoption of schemes mentioned above, 1Hz stable operation of compressor is realized. Simulation and experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Change-point effect of seller reputation grade on the performance of online sales

Reputation system of electronic commerce presents a number of interesting research questions. The existing literatures have mostly focused on the C2C market in the U.S., suggests an impact of seller reputation rating on the final selling price or sales volume. Our work can be distinguished from most existing research. In this paper, we conduct change-point analysis of seller reputation grade effect on sales volume, using BIN dataset of auctions on TaoBao, the largest online auction site in China. We find that, the sellers with reputation grades above a certain change-point have more sales volume and lower selling price than other sellers with reputation grades below a certain change-point significantly. The results indicate that seller reputation grade has nonlinear effect on sales volume and the reduction of consumer search costs in electronic markets puts sellers under increased price competition.
Computer aided abnormality detection for microscopy images of cervical tissue

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide, if it is detected in early stage, cure rate is relatively high. Computer aided abnormality detection for cervical smear is developed to assist medical experts to handle the microscopy images, examine cell abnormalities and diagnose dyskaryosis. The microscopy images of cells in cervix uteri are stained by the tumor marker Ki-67, so that the abnormal nuclei present brown while normal ones are bluish. Segmentation is the most important and difficult task to calculate the ratio of abnormal nuclei to all nuclei. In order to achieve accurate segmentation of nuclei, we propose a multi-level segmentation approach for abnormality identification in microscopy images. First level segmentation aims to partition abnormal (stained) nuclei regions and all nuclei regions. Because of under-segmentation after first level segmentation, second level segmentation is applied to further partition the clustered nuclei. In order to classify touching regions of clustered nuclei and separate regions of single nucleus, relevant meaningful features are extracted from regions of interest. Consequently all the nuclei regions are separated and in conjunction with the abnormal nuclei regions in the first level segmentation, the abnormality i.e. ratio of abnormal nuclei to all nuclei is obtained. Experimental results indicate that our method achieved an accuracy of 93.55% and 95.8% in term of abnormal nuclei and all nuclei respectively for identification of abnormalities. Our proposed method produces a satisfactory segmentation.
Door wave home automation system

The technological developments are focused on automation of control systems. Technology is used in homes to create a digital environment such as controlling room temperature, sundry devices, security and lighting. The design of home automation systems is geared towards the automation of processes like remote control of the home environment appliances. The use of Wireless Sensor and Actuators Networks (WSANs) in home automation is a growing trend. WSANs are based on network architecture and protocols in order to enable a network of integrated devices which monitor and control household apparatus.
Research on post-welding quality visual inspection system of tailored blanks laser welding

The online quality inspection system is important for promotion the production and qualified rate of Tailored Welded Blanks. This paper, on the analysis of the principle of structured light vision, establishes a post-welding inspection system for calculating and detecting the geometric parameters and defects of weld in tailored blanks laser welding. Image processing and extraction algorithms of the laser profiles and feature points are presented. Experiment was conducted with the visual inspection system using structured light and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the method.