nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-View Action Modeling, Learning, and Recognition

Existing methods on video-based action recognition are generally view-dependent, i.e., performing recognition from the same views seen in the training data. We present a novel multiview spatio-temporal and-or graph (MST-AOG) representation for cross-view action recognition, i.e., the recognition is performed on the video from an unknown and unseen view. As a compositional model, MST-AOG compactly represents the hierarchical combinatorial structures of cross-view actions by explicitly modeling the geometry, appearance and motion variations. This paper proposes effective methods to learn the structure and parameters of MST-AOG. The inference based on MST-AOG enables action recognition from novel views. The training of MST-AOG takes advantage of the 3D human skeleton data obtained from Kinect cameras to avoid annotating enormous multi-view video frames, which is error-prone and time-consuming, but the recognition does not need 3D information and is based on 2D video input. A new Multiview Action3D dataset has been created and will be released. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that this new action representation significantly improves the accuracy and robustness for cross-view action recognition on 2D videos.
Power supply performance monitoring and analysis using operation data

Magnet power supplies are critical components of a storage ring. The performance of power supplies directly impacts the stability and reliability of the storage ring operation. There are several type of DC power supplies in Duke FEL storage ring. The performance data of power supplies can be collected in a noninterruptive manner by an EPICS archiver or by a MATLAB program. MATLAB based tools have been developed to analyze the power supply data collected during the operation. Careful evaluation of data allows us to identify a power supply with degraded performance and provide a reference to perform preventive maintenance.
Resting state and task-related brain dynamics supporting insight

Problems can be solved in a variety of ways. One might systematically evaluate a known space of possible solutions until the right one is found. Alternatively, it may prove necessary to enlarge or restructure the expected problem space - so called “thinking outside the box.” This approach can yield an experience of unexpected insight or feeling of Aha!. Current challenges to understanding this phenomenon from a neurocognitive perspective include the vast diversity of problem domains and time scales for solutions. Whereas the subjective suddenness of an “Aha!” moment may lead to the impression that insight must be precipitated by a set of discrete, short-lived neural events, this report outlines research revealing that even before a problem is presented, scalp-recorded measures of resting or baseline brain states are linked with future performance and likelihood of experiencing insight during the search for a solution. Additionally, this study also shows that compared to more systematic problem solving approaches, insight is accompanied by differences in cortical and likely cognitive engagement that are detectable throughout much of the problem solving phase, rather than being confined to a distinct interval immediately preceding the dawn of a solution. These findings are important for the development of therapies targeting problem solving and reasoning skills, such as those used in cognitive training interventions to mitigate the effects of cognitive decline.
Optimization of Fuel Cell and Supercapacitor for Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles

In this paper, an optimal design to minimize the cost of the fuel cell and supercapacitor in a fuel-cell electric vehicle is presented. It is assumed that the cost of the fuel cell and supercapacitor is a function of the number of units of each, respectively. The constraints on the number of fuel-cell units and supercapacitor units are derived according to the system requirement of maintaining stable dc-link voltage for all possible vehicle operations. These constraints are combined with the derived cost function to obtain the optimal number of fuel-cell units and supercapacitor units and the minimum cost. The cost, volume, and weight of the optimized fuel cell and supercapacitor of the powertrain and the fuel economy of the vehicle are evaluated. Simulation results are presented to verify the design
Energy-efficient hierarchical topology control in wireless sensor networks using time slots

LEACH exhausts a few nodes much earlier than others, which remarkably decreases the lifetime of whole network. An improved method based on time slots to prolong the minimum lifetime of nodes in LEACH is presented, in which a cluster-head selecting approach decreases the difference in cluster size of LEACH and responsibility mechanism for active node makes the energy consumption uniform in cluster. Simulation and comparison show that method is effective in extending the lifetime of whole network and more effective in energy saving than some related work.
Initial Testing of a Compact Portable Microwave-Driven Neutron Generator

A portable, moderate yield D-D neutron generator based on permanent magnet microwave ion source is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for applications such as short range SNM detection in suitcases and small parcels. Microwave power (2.45 GHz) can be coupled to a pyrex tube through a standard wave guide and generate plasma. In this source configuration, the wave guide serves as a secondary containment for sealed tube design. Hydrogen plasma has been successfully ignited in the pyrex tube at a microwave power of 200 W. The 2.45 GHz microwave signal can also be directly coupled to the wave guide through a standard coaxial cable with a N-type connection and generate plasma. Preliminary results show that over 60% of atomic hydrogen ions were generated at a microwave power of 300 W. Higher atomic fraction is expected with insertion of boron nitride liner. The current density at power of 200 W (with an extraction aperture of 2 mm in diameter, and gas flow at 0.2 sccm) was approximately 22 mA/cm2.
Large Displacement Optical Flow from Nearest Neighbor Fields

We present an optical flow algorithm for large displacement motions. Most existing optical flow methods use the standard coarse-to-fine framework to deal with large displacement motions which has intrinsic limitations. Instead, we formulate the motion estimation problem as a motion segmentation problem. We use approximate nearest neighbor fields to compute an initial motion field and use a robust algorithm to compute a set of similarity transformations as the motion candidates for segmentation. To account for deviations from similarity transformations, we add local deformations in the segmentation process. We also observe that small objects can be better recovered using translations as the motion candidates. We fuse the motion results obtained under similarity transformations and under translations together before a final refinement. Experimental validation shows that our method can successfully handle large displacement motions. Although we particularly focus on large displacement motions in this work, we make no sacrifice in terms of overall performance. In particular, our method ranks at the top of the Middlebury benchmark.
Multi-Client Verifiable Computation Service for Outsourced Data

The introduction of verifiable computation came as a result of the increasingly common phenomenon of "outsourcing" computation to untrusted servers and also to the growing desire of weak clients to outsource computational tasks to more powerful computation services like in cloud computing. Verifiable computation enables a computer to offload the computation of some function, to other perhaps untrusted cloud servers, while maintaining verifiable results. The servers evaluate the function and return the result with a proof that the computation of the function was carried out correctly. In the previous setting of verifiable computation, there is only one data provider. But in practice, there exist scenarios such as a network of sensors where each sensor collects data (e.g. air temperature in a certain area of a city) and stores them on servers. A control unit performs computation (e.g. the average air temperature of the city in certain period) on the outsourced data on the cloud (e.g. Amazon Cloud). When the control unit receives the results, it wants to verify the correctness of the computation results returned by the servers. For this scenario, we define a novel two-server multiclient verifiable computation service framework for outsourced data. An efficient construction is proposed, whose security is based on the existence of one-way functions. There are two advantages in our construction: (1) The size of the proof vouching for the correctness of computation result is independent with the number of data providers. (2) The verification only needs two equality tests executed by one who wants to get the computation result. We also experimentally analyze our construction and show our construction is very efficient in practice.
A novel 3-dimensional cell culture system for embryoid bodies' formation

Nano-structured films with super hydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by microwave-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method. It was found that water droplets with a volume from 10 to 30 µl rolled and bounced without wetting or spreading on the surfaces of the nano-structured films (nano films). After 3 days of cultivation, aggregation of embryoid body (EB) cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells were formed as microspheres on nano films coating in petri disks. Growth of ES cells was shown to be the best on the nano films with a 150° water contact angle. The EBs derived from ES cells cultured in droplets on the nano films grew over the cultivation time until the 7th day on which EBs began to spread out. The results showed that the nano-structured film with a super-hydrophobic surface is a useful material for obtaining EBs from undifferentiated ES cells, this is anticipated to be a stem cell source for transplantation due to their pluripotency and indefinite proliferation.
Determinants Affecting End-User Satisfaction of Information Technology Service

This study aims to exploring the key success factors affecting end-user satisfaction of information technology through the behavioral perspectives of users. The study proposes an intergraded model for the empirical examination of the users' satisfaction for using IT service. It applies to the information system in the company. An electronic questionnaire is used to collect sample data. Then this model is tested by means of the statistical analysis method of structure equation model (SEM). The results show that users' overall satisfaction, specifically explained by perceived easy of use and perceived usefulness, most significantly affect their intention to use IT service. In addition, increasing the relevant knowledge and skill of the users effectively enhance their satisfaction and the actual usage as well. Discussion and implication are presented in the end
In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP type-I DHBTs having 450 GHz f/sub T/ and GHz f/sub max/ w/C/sub cb/I/sub c/ = 0.38 ps/V

The paper reports on InP/In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As /InP DHBTs fabricated using a conventional mesa structure, exhibiting a 450 GHz f<sub>tau</sub> and 490 GHz f<sub>max</sub>, which is to our knowledge the highest simultaneous f<sub>tau</sub> and f<sub>max</sub>for a mesa HBT. The collector has been scaled vertically to 120 nm for reduced electron collector transit time, aggressively scaled laterally to minimize the base-collector capacitance associated with thinner collectors, and the base and emitter contact resistances rho<sub>c</sub> have been reduced. The device reported here employs a 30 nm highly doped InGaAs base and an InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice base-collector grade
Multibody motion segmentation based on simulated annealing

The problem of multibody motion segmentation is an important and challenging issue in computer vision. In this paper, a novel segmentation technique based on simulated annealing (SA) is proposed. According to the fact that under linear projection models, feature points of multibody reside in multiple subspaces, firstly, a meaningful energy function is proposed, which favors the correct formation of those subspaces, and some subspaces are generated as the initial state. Then, two strategies of subspace evolution and transformation are developed to optimize the energy function in a manner of simulated annealing. The ultimate configuration of these subspaces will reveal the inherent multiple subspace structure embedded in the data space. The classification of data points to these subspaces is equivalent to multibody grouping. The global optimization process results in an increase of robustness with noise tolerance. The method is also effective in degenerate cases. Promising results on synthetic and real data are presented.
Measurement integration under inconsistency for robust tracking

The solutions to many vision problems involve integrating measurements from multiple sources. Most existing methods rely on a hidden assumption, i.e., these measurements are consistent. In reality, unfortunately, this may not hold. The fact that naively fusing inconsistent measurements amounts to failing these methods indicates that this is not a trivial problem. This paper presents a novel approach to handling it. A new theorem is proven that gives two algebraic criteria to examine the consistency and inconsistency. In addition, a more general criterion is presented. Based on the theoretical analysis, a new information integration method is proposed and leads to encouraging results when applied to the task of visual tracking.
Wideband DHBTs using a graded carbon-doped InGaAs base

We report an InP/InGaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT), fabricated using a mesa structure, exhibiting 282 GHz f/sub /spl tau// and 400 GHz f/sub max/. The DHBT employs a 30 nm InGaAs base with carbon doping graded from 8/spl middot/10/sup 19//cm/sup 3/ to 5/spl middot/10/sup 19//cm/sup 3/, an InP collector, and an InGaAs/InAlAs base-collector superlattice grade, with a total 217 nm collector depletion layer thickness. The low base sheet (580 /spl Omega/) and contact (<10 /spl Omega/-/spl mu/m/sup 2/) resistivities are in part responsible for the high f/sub max/ observed.
The investigation and demand analysis of HUMS on the civil helicopter

HUMS is an important system of prognostics and health management technology on modern advanced helicopters. It is of great significance to study how to develop HUMS better and faster. Firstly, this paper summarizes the development of HUMS technology in civil helicopter at home and abroad, and analyzes the configuration of HUMS system. Secondly, several typical types of HUMS system are introduced and analyzed. Finally, based on the relevant market research and future development trend of HUMS, this paper puts forward the future market demand and functional requirements of HUMS, which provides a significant basis for the optimization and development of helicopter PHM technology in the future, so as to help the domestic HUMS study carried out smoothly.
An Innovative Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurement Method Using Peak Time Sequences of Different Frequencies—Part II: Implementation

This paper researches on the implementation of an ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) measuring system by the difference of the peak time sequences (PTSs) of dual frequencies. The process to develop appropriate implementation parameters was demonstrated. Critical characteristics of the transient behavior of the PTS were studied, and their counteracting data processing measures were devised in the process. Obtaining the PTS by averaging repeated test data and the linear regression on the PTS was found to be effective in uncovering the actual TOF of the first wavefront with high precision. A PC-based test bench was built to test the characteristics and to verify the performance of the new TOF measurement system. In our TOF measurement over the distance of 145 cm, a standard deviation (STD) of 0.0113 of a period was achieved by a nominal driving wave period of 25.6 μs (39 kHz) and a frequency difference factor of 0.0048. When applied to a distance measurement, the worst STD of 0.097 mm was achieved with a relative distance ranging up to 1450 mm, given the nominal driving wavelength of 8.6 mm. This new dual-frequency PTS-based TOF measurement system can be economically embedded in a microcontroller, together with a field-programmable gate array, and some simple transistors that are suitable for positioning mobile units indoors or in small open-field environments.
Ultrasound lesion segmentation using clinical knowledge-driven constrained level set

Ultrasound lesion segmentation is an important and challenging task. Comparing with other methods, region-based level set has many advantages, but still requires considerable improvement to deal with the characteristic of lesions in the ultrasound modality such as shadowing, speckle and heterogeneity. In the clinical workflow, the physician would usually denote long and short axes of a lesion for measurement purpose yielding four markers in an image. Inspired by this workflow, a constrained level set method is proposed to fully utilize these four markers as prior knowledge and global constraint for the segmentation. First, the markers are detected using template-matching algorithm and B-Spline is applied to fit four markers as the initial contour. Then four-marker constrained energy is added to the region-based local level set to make sure that the contour evolves without deviation from the four markers. Finally the algorithm is implemented in a multi-resolution scheme to achieve sufficient computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed segmentation algorithm was evaluated by comparing our results with manually segmented boundaries on 308 ultrasound images with breast lesions. The proposed method achieves Dice similarity coefficient 89.49±4.76% and could be run in real-time.
An InGaAs/InP DHBT With Simultaneous $\text{f}_{\boldsymbol \tau }/\text{f}_{\text {max}}~404/901$ GHz and 4.3 V Breakdown Voltage

We report an InP/InGaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor fabricated in a triple-mesa structure, exhibiting simultaneous 404 GHz fτ and 901 GHz fmax. The emitter and base contacts were defined by electron beam lithography with better than 10 nm resolution and smaller than 20 nm alignment error. The base-collector junction has been passivated by depositing a SiNx layer prior to benzocyclobutene planarization, improving the open-base breakdown voltage BVCEO from 3.7 to 4.3 V.
Simulation and Experiment Analysis for Electrical Property of Cell Suspension by Micro Chip

The physical quantity which is acquired from biological electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can reflect the plentiful biological electrical characteristics. A microfabricated chip and related measurement system, which could be used for electrical impedance spectroscopy analysis, were introduced in this paper. A novel EIS measurement method is emerging. Based on the preliminary experimental results, the HeLa cell suspensions with different physiological status could be measured and distinguished. A 6-elements equivalent circuit model was used to simulate the experimental results. The micro chip has some advantages, such as high resolution and ease of operation. It shows application potentials in the fields of cellular electrophysiology, drug screening and bio-sensors, etc
Differential Tracking based on Spatial-Appearance Model (SAM)

A fundamental issue in differential motion analysis is the compromise between the flexibility of the matching criterion for image regions and the ability of recovering the motion. Localized matching criteria, e.g., pixel-based SSD, may enable the recovery of all motion parameters, but it does not tolerate much appearance changes. On the other hand, global criteria, e.g., matching histograms, can accommodate dramatic appearance changes, but may be blind to some motion parameters, e.g., scaling and rotation. This paper presents a novel differential approach that integrates the advantages of both in a principled way based on a spatial-appearance model (SAM) that combines local appearances variations and global spatial structures. This model can capture a large variety of appearance variations that are attributed to the local non-rigidity. At the same time, this model enables efficient recovery of all motion parameters. A maximum likelihood matching criterion is defined and rigorous analytical results are obtained that lead to a closed form solution to motion tracking. Very encouraging results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method for tracking non-rigid objects that exhibit dramatic appearance deformations, large object scale changes and partial occlusions.
Recommissioning of Duke Storage Ring with A HOM-Damped RF Cavity and A New Straight Section Lattice for Fels

The Duke FEL lab operates a unique UV/VUV storage ring FEL and an FEL driven nearly monochromatic, highly polarized, high intensity Compton gamma-ray source. The Duke storage ring light source is undergoing several phases of upgrade in order to significantly improve its light source capabilities and performance. The recent upgrade in 2004 included an upgrade of the RF system with a high-order mode damped RF cavity and a new 34 meter long straight section lattice designed to host new FEL wigglers. This upgrade was completed in August 2004, followed by the storage ring and light source commissioning. This paper provides an overview of this upgrade project and reports the commissioning experience of the Duke storage ring and light sources.
Techniques for improving performance of the FAST (fully-associative sector translation) flash translation layer

A Flash Translation Layer (FTL) emulates a block device interface on top of flash memory to support traditional disk-based file systems. Due to the erase-beforewrite feature of flash memory, an FTL usually performs outof- place updates and uses a cleaning procedure to reclaim obsolete data. The FAST (Fully-Associative Sector Translation) FTL is one of the most well-known FTLs and has been used in many previous studies. It reserves a small portion of the flash storage as the log area and uses the blocks in this area (i.e., log blocks) to accommodate data overwrites. Among all the log blocks, one (called the SW log block) is used to accommodate sequential overwrites, while the others (called RW log blocks) are used to accommodate random overwrites. In this paper, two techniques are proposed to reduce the cleaning cost and hence to improve the performance of FAST. The first technique reduces the cost of RW log block reclamation by utilizing efficiency-driven cleaning policies, and the second technique replaces high-cost SW log block reclamation with low-cost RW log block reclamation. We have implemented the proposed techniques on the FAST FTL as well as the HFTL, an FTL based on FAST. The simulation results on six real/benchmark-based workloads show that the proposed techniques significantly reduce the cleaning cost, by up to 97.64% in FAST and 66.80% in HFTL, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques1.