nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Highly Efficient Domain Decomposition Method Applied to 3-D Finite-Element Analysis of Electromechanical and Electric Machine Problems

A highly efficient domain decomposition method, called the dual-primal finite-element tearing and interconnecting (FETI-DP) method, is applied to improve the efficiency of three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element analysis of electromechanical and electric machine problems. The FETI-DP method decomposes an original large-scale 3-D problem into many subdomain problems and then treats the subdomain problems concurrently using parallel computing schemes to reduce the total computation time. Higher order hierarchical basis functions are implemented to improve the accuracy of the simulation and also to facilitate the treatment of the low-frequency breakdown problem, which is encountered by the traditional finite-element method with vector basis functions when solving electromechanical problems. With the separation of higher order basis functions from the lowest order ones offered by hierarchical basis functions, the low-frequency breakdown problem can be handled by applying the tree-cotree splitting method to the lowest order basis functions. The resulting accurate finite-element computation of the magnetic field is then used to calculate force and torque by using the Maxwell stress tensor method.
On compressed sensing in parallel MRI of cardiac perfusion using temporal wavelet and TV regularization

Imaging of cardiac perfusion with MR is a challenging area of research especially due to the motion of the heart and limited time of data acquisition. Compressed sensing is a popular signal estimation method recently adopted by researchers in MRI which can improve the spatial and/or temporal resolution of the acquired images by reducing the number of necessary samples for image reconstruction. This paper focuses on performance of temporal regularization with total variation and wavelets in compressed sensing. The impact of the choice of regularization parameters on the image quality and the temporal variation of intensity in region of interests (ROIs) are discussed. It is found that selecting the regularization parameter so as to optimize the quality of the reconstructed image sequence as a whole, leads to erroneous reconstruction of certain regions due to over regularization.
Random Population Model for Self Pulsation in Single-Section Quantum-Dot Lasers

A new mechanism of self-pulsation in single section Fabry-Pérot (F-P) quantum-dot (QD) lasers is studied in this letter. Since Fermi-Daric statistics are not readily applicable to QD lasers for picosecond pulse generation, we use a random population model to simulate single-section QD F-P lasers. It is demonstrated that some QDs contribute as gain media, while others can still be absorptive, even though the overall device is biased above lasing threshold. This can lead to pulse generation without the typical nonlinear effects, such as four-wave mixing, Kerr nonlinearity, and spatially inhomogeneous current distribution, previously reported in single section self-pulsating semiconductor lasers.
Alternative networks for solving the traveling salesman problem and the list-matching problem

The authors demonstrate that Hopfield-type networks can find reasonable solutions to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the optimal list-matching problem (LMP). They show how to avoid the difficulties encountered by G.V. Wilson and G.S. Pawley (1988) by using a modified energy functional which yields better solutions to the TSP than J.J. Hopfield and D.W. Tank's (1985) original formulation. In addition, two fixed-parameter networks are described, one for the TSP and the other for the LMP. The performance of the network for the TSP is comparable to the performance of the modified energy functional formulation, while the network for the list-matching problem is shown to perform better than a simple heuristic method. A major feature of these two networks is that the problem-dependent cost data are contained entirely in the linear term of the energy functional-the quadratic part contains only constraint information. This feature has the advantage that all costs can be presented to the network as inputs rather than as connection weights, much reducing hardware complexity.<<ETX>>
An effective shuffled frog-leaping algorithm for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem

As an extension of the classic job-shop scheduling problem (JSP), the flexible job-shop (FJSP) is NP-hard and has a wide application background. In this paper, a shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) based algorithm is proposed for solving the FJSP. First, the SFLA employs a hybrid encoding scheme in which two sequences are used to illustrate both operation order sequence and machines assignment. Second, a special bi-Ievel crossover scheme as a local search scheme based on the critical path is incorporated in the framework of the memetic search. The searching ability of the modified SFLA can be well balanced between exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, the influence of the parameter setting is also investigated and suitable parameters are suggested. Numerical simulation and comparisons based on the well-known benchmark problems indicates the effectiveness of the SFLA for solving the problem.
Mobility management of interconnected virtual LANs over ATM networks

One of the most powerful virtual LAN (VLAN) features is the capability to group users into broadcast domains, which are independent of their locations on the physical network. This paper deals with VLAN services using ATM LAN emulation technology which operates on a client/server model, and focuses on the issues of supporting transparent VLAN services for mobile terminals. A mobile VLAN architecture is proposed to efficiently maintain multiple VLAN broadcast domains over ATM networks even if the topology is changed dynamically due to mobility. This architecture exploits a hypercube over tree (HOT) hierarchical structure, i.e., trees are connected in a hypercube manner, to interconnect different VLANs servers. To filter excessive server-to-server traffic, an intelligent frame forwarding algorithm is proposed for the servers. The proposed mobile VLAN system brings us a step closer towards facilitating mobility and conforms to existing LAN emulation environment.
Metal cylinder cavities for harmonic suppression in stripline power dividers

Compared with microstrip line power dividers, stripline power dividers have higher power capacity and less interference to systems. However, stripline power dividers usually have harmonics, which will affect the transmission characteristics. In this paper, metal cylinder cavities are used to suppress the harmonics of the stripline power dividers, which will greatly improve the transmission characteristics. A 1 to 2 Wilkinson power divider and a cascaded Wilkinson power divider are analyzed with and without the metal cylinder cavities. Calculated and measured results show that the 1 to 2 power divider with the metal cylinder cavity suppresses the harmonics at 2.05 GHz and 3.3 GHz. The cascaded power divider with the metal cylinder cavity suppresses the harmonics at 2.23 GHz, 3.12 GHz and 3.41 GHz.
First automotive reliability assessment and drive-train performance of large-area 900V, 10mOhm SiC MOSFETs

For the first time we report on detailed, quantitative reliability measurements and accelerated life data for > 1,300 of 900V, 10mOhm, 32mm2 SiC MOSFETs being developed for automotive and industrial applications. SiC MOSFETs were characterized and subjected to High-Temperature Reverse Bias (HTRB), High-Temperature Gate Bias (HTGB), Thermal Shock, and High-Humidity High-Temperature Reverse Bias (H3TRB) in both module and discrete (TO-247) form. The maximum junction temperature (TJ) qualified was 175°C for the bare die. SiC MOSFET performance was benchmarked relative to commercial Si technology in an 88kW EV inverter similar to the 90kW Ford C-Max hybrid drive-train. Replacing Si IGBTs with only 32% of the chip area using SiC MOSFETs, measurements indicate a 78% reduction in drive-train inverter losses.
Multiple Voltage Driving Method for Reducing Invalid Power Caused by Unlighted Lines in PDPs

Sustain power consumed by unlighted lines in displayed image in each subfield is totally wasted. To improve the power efficiency, multiple sustain voltages applied to lighted and unlighted lines separately are proposed, which can reduce invalid power by decreasing the sustain voltage in unlighted lines. Different sustain voltages are used to testify the proposed method. The instance circuit operation mode is analyzed. The experimental results show that power saving efficiency can be improved by 4.5% when 10-min-long standard video supplied by the International Electrotechnical Commission displays in 50-in plasma display panel. The proposed method is easy implemented and the additional cost is very low compared with conventional circuit.
CA-ABAC: Class Algebra Attribute-Based Access Control

We propose a trust framework model for an educational cloud which is designed to overcome inequalities of M-shaped incomes by simplifying contract-based sharing of resources among multiple schools. We use class algebra, which is similar to SROIQ(D) description logic, as the access control policy language. Benefiting from the high expressivity of class algebra, our model can use implicit relations and reasoning to enforce access control that corresponds to the contracts. The security mechanism allows one-time user login to obtain all of this userâs credentials for accessing services. In addition, our model can select appropriate material to adapt to the level of the student by adding the classification information to the attributes of the educational material and the student, and integrating this information into the access control policy to build an exclusive learning graph for each student.
Minimize the total power consumption for multiuser video transmission over CDMA wireless network: a two-step approach

We consider a CDMA cell with multiple terminals transmitting video signals. We minimize the sum of signal processing and transmitter power while the received quality at each terminal is guaranteed. The system parameters to be adjusted include video coding bit rate, video compression complexity and transmitter power. Instead of full search in the space of {bit rate, complexity, transmitter power} for all users, we design a two-step fast algorithm to reduce the computation burden in the base station. In our algorithm, the search in the base station is over the space of complexity only. Our results indicate that, for the same class of video users, the one who is closest to the base station compresses at least complexity. This is used to further reduce the computation required by our algorithm.
Containment control for multiple quadrotors with stationary leaders under directed graphs

This paper studies the distributed containment control problem for networked multiple quadrotors with multiple stationary leaders under a directed graph which is the communication topology between the leaders and the followers for arbitrary initial states. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the communication topology are shown. The model of a quadrotor is divided into two subsystems, one is under-actuated with the states of horizontal coordinates, the other is fully-actuated with the states of vertical position and the yaw angle. For the first subsystem, we present a new control law using backstepping technique such that all followers' states, horizontal coordinates, converge to the minimal hyperrectangle spanned by the corresponding states of the leaders asymptotically. For the second subsystem, due to the existence of uncertainties, a sidling-mode controller is given to compensate the uncertainty items. Furthermore, with the proposed controller, altitudes and the yaw angles of followers are driven to the minimal hyperrectangle formed by the leaders. Simulation results on networked multiple quadrotors are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.
A novel algorithm of coherent integration for moving target detection

The problem of detecting moving targets which migrate between rang cells is considered. The traditional MTD method can not effectively integrate the energy of targets, because it integrates multi-pulse in the same range cell in a CPI. This paper introduces a novel algorithm of coherent integration for moving target detection (MTCI), which is calculated along the track of the moving target. A mathematical formula of MTCI algorithm is derived based on the signal model of a moving target in Chirp Radar. The integrating results of MTCI and MTD methods in the Gaussian white noise background are also compared. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to evaluate the detecting performance of MTCI algorithm, and the detection curves are also given.
A CMOS stress sensor chip with integrated signal processing circuits

This paper reports an integrated silicon CMOS stress sensor chip. The sensor chip integrates a 16×16 CMOS stress sensor array with decoders, subtraction circuits, capacitive feedback trans-impedance amplifiers (CTIA), correlated double sampling circuits (CDS), rail-to-rail followers, and a low dropout regulator (LDO) in a monolithic chip. Each stress sensing cell in the array has a dimension of 55 μm × 55 μm to achieve high spatial resolution. Full integration of stress sensor array with signal processing circuits significantly suppresses circuit noises, enabling the sensor chip to achieve excellent performance. Measurement results on linearity, repeatability, zero drift and full-scale drift show that the overall error of the sensor chip is around 1.5% full-scale output.
Coding and cell-loss recovery in DCT-based packet video

The applications of discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based image- and video-coding methods in the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) environment are considered. Coding and reconstruction mechanisms are jointly designed to achieve a good compromise among compression gain, system complexity, processing delay, error-concealment capability, and reconstruction quality. The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) and Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) algorithms for image and video compression are modified to incorporate block interleaving in the spatial domain and DCT coefficient segmentation in the frequency domain to conceal the errors due to packet loss. A new algorithm is developed that recovers the damaged regions by adaptive interpolation in the spatial, temporal, and frequency domains. The weights used for spatial and temporal interpolations are varied according to the motion content and loss patterns of the damaged regions. When combined with proper layered transmission, the proposed coding and reconstruction methods can handle very high packet-loss rates at only a slight cost in compression gain, system complexity, and processing delay.
Language-based high level transaction extraction on on-chip buses

With the increasing in silicon densities, SoC designs are the stream in modern electronics systems. Accordingly, the verification for SoC designs is crucial. One of the main problems in SoC verification is to verify whether the interface of a block works properly in its intended system. Transaction-based verification methodologies have been proposed to deal with this problem, and they allow users creating tests and writing test benches more easily. Furthermore, verifying interface designs in transaction level is very efficient. Previous work creates extractor manually for one on-chip bus (OCB), and the extra efforts are needed for other OCBs. In this paper, we present a language-based methodology to specify the bus behaviors in transaction level. Then the actual signals on the buses can be extracted to a higher level of abstraction. The bus behaviors displayed in transaction level significantly reduce the verification efforts for verification engineers. Furthermore, the corresponding transaction extractors are automatically generated. We demonstrate the success of our approach on AMBA AHB and Sonics' OCP buses
Selective eigenbackgrounds method for background subtraction in crowed scenes

In this paper, a selective eigenbackgrounds method is proposed for background subtraction in crowded scenes. In order to train and update the eigenbackground model with frames containing few objects (i.e. clean frames), virtual frames are constructed based on a frame selection map. Then, the eigenbackground that best depicts background is selected for each pixel based on an eigenbackground selection map. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed method is better than those of some state-of-the-art methods in crowded scenes.
QoE-based multi-stream scalable video adaptation over wireless networks with proxy

In this paper, we present a proxy-based solution for adapting the scalable video streams at the edge of a wireless network, which can respond quickly to highly dynamic wireless links. Our design adopts the scalable video coding (SVC) technique for lightweight rate adaptation at the edge. We derive a QoE model, i.e., rate-quality tradeoff model, that relates the maximum subjective quality under a given rate by choosing the optimal frame rate and quantization stepsize. The proxy iteratively allocates rates of different video streams to maximize a weighted sum of video qualities associated with different streams, based on the periodically observed link throughputs and the sending buffer status. Simulation studies show that our scheme consistently outperforms TFRC in terms of agility to track link qualities and overall quality of all streams. In addition, the proposed scheme supports differential services for different streams, and competes fairly with TCP flows.
A sliding mode variable structure controller for Buck converter

This paper discussed sliding mode variable structure control theory on buck converter in detail, designed a sliding mode controller based on PWM technology. This method solved the problem perfectly that the performance of sliding mode variable structure controller is influenced by switching frequency of buck converter, and the switching frequency is fixed. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and dynamic response of Buck converter and enhance its robustness to load mutation and input voltage fluctuation.
Lowering the threshold pump power of Ti,Er:LiNbO 3 laser with ridge structure

Ridge structure is used to decrease the effective pump area of coaxially pumped Ti-diffused Er:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide laser such that the threshold pump power of the laser is significantly lowered. The normalized propagation constant, effective pump area, and coupling efficiency as functions of the ridge width and depth were calculated for waveguides with different initial Ti strip thicknesses. The results show that the reduction of the threshold pump power can be as large as about 40%, while the slope efficiency is not obviously changed.
An Experimental Study of Packet Loss and Forward Error Correction in Video Multicast over IEEE 802.11b Network

Video multicast over Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) faces many challenges due to varying channel conditions and limited bandwidth. A promising solution to this problem is the use of packet level Forward Error Correction (FEC) mechanisms. However, the adjustment of the FEC rate is not a trivial issue due to the dynamic wireless environment. This decision becomes more complicated if we consider the multi-rate capability of the existing wireless LAN technology that adjusts the transmission rates based on the channel conditions and the coverage range. In order to explore the above issues we conducted an experimental study of the packet loss behavior of the IEEE 802.11b protocol. In our experiments we considered different transmission rates under the broadcast mode in indoor and outdoor environments. We further explored the effectiveness of packet level FEC for video multicast over wireless networks with multi-rate capability. In order to evaluate the system quantitatively, we implemented a prototype using open source drivers and socket programming. Based on the experimental results, we provide guidelines on how to efficiently use FEC for wireless video multicast in order to improve the overall system performance.We show that the Packet Error Rate (PER) increases exponentially with distance and using a higher transmission rate together with stronger FEC is more efficient than using a lower transmission rate with weaker FEC for video multicast.
A Fiber-sensor-based Long-distance Safety Monitoring System for buried Oil Pipeline

In both industry and research domain, the consensus is that alarm in advance is more valuable than informing after pipeline having been destroyed, and a long-distance monitoring system is more valuable than one with a shorter distance. However, systems reported so far can hardly achieve the requirement. In this paper, we propose a general long-distance (ges50 Km) monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing system. This system uses fiber sensor to collect vibration signal of the soil around the pipeline and then classify different kind activities, including several damaging activities and non-threatening activities, with artificial neural networks. During processing, our system concentrates on balancing between real-time requirement and satisfactory accuracy rate. Experiments show that, compared with other systems, ours is able to alarm in time, and identify activities with an accuracy rate more than 96%, much better than other results reported ever since.
Modelling of distortion caused by packet losses in video transport

This paper analyzes transmission-error induced distortion in decoded video. A recursion model is derived that relates the distortion in successive P-frames. The model takes into account of non-integer motion vectors used for motion-compensated temporal prediction and concealment, unconstrained intra prediction, and in-loop deblocking filtering. Experimental data show that the model is quite accurate over a large range of packet loss rates and encoder intra rates.
Design, Simulation and Fabrication of Electrowetting-Based Actuators for Integrated Digital Microfluidics

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a promising method for manipulating tiny amounts of liquids. However, the miniaturization and the monolithic integration become the great challenges to improve the EWOD applications in actual lab-on-a-chip systems. In this paper, we present an IC-compatible digital microfluidic actuator, which uses silicon as the substrate and the thermally grown SiO2 film on heavily phosphorus-doped poly-silicon microelectrodes as the high quality dielectric layer. The fundamental EWOD operations, such as the droplet transportation, division, creation, and mergence, are numerically analyzed by using the computational fluidic software, CFD-ACE+. The simulation results of transportation and division show that it is an antinomy to select the gap height between two plates for improving respective performances. A tradeoff value of the gap height of 133 mum is ultimately used to implement the fundamental operations with one actuator. In experiments, all above operations are successfully achieved in air by applying 70 V voltages. Owing to the IC-compatible fabrication, the integration with peripheral circuits is technically feasible to achieve a miniaturized microfluidics
Development of a residual current device based on analytical and numerical analysis of the sensitivity and unbalance of current transformer

Based on the analysis of the principle of residual current device (RCD), the impact of sensitivity and unbalance response on the characteristics of residual current transformer (RCT) are discussed in detail. And a kind of RCT is designed by using analytical calculation and numerical simulation methods. Finally, a kind of RCD is developed in this paper. Experimental results show that the designed RCD is of good performance, thus the feasibility of the design is verified.