nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple optic fibre microphone based on hetero-core spliced fibre structure

A novel and simple fibre optic microphone (FOM) based on hetero-core fibre structure is presented. A multimode-singlemode fibre structure attached to an aluminium membrane is employed as an acoustic sensor. The sound vibrations are detected by measuring the change of intensity of the transmitted light coupled from a multimode fibre to a singlemode fibre because of the deformation of the splicing section in the multimode–singlemode fibre structure. Experiments are carried out to study the performance of the proposed hetero-core fibre microphone. The results show that the multimode–singlemode (MS) structure based FOM can detect sound signals within the frequency range 300 Hz–20 kHz and shows a good sensitivity especially when sound frequency is below 12 kHz.
Chromosome image enhancement using multiscale differential operators

Chromosome banding patterns are very important features for karyotyping, based on which cytogenetic diagnosis procedures are conducted. Due to cell culture, staining, and imaging conditions, image enhancement is a desirable preprocessing step before performing chromosome classification. In this paper, we apply a family of differential wavelet transforms (Wang and Lee, 1998), (Wang, 1999) for this purpose. The proposed differential filters facilitate the extraction of multiscale geometric features of chromosome images. Moreover, desirable fast computation can be realized. We study the behavior of both banding edge pattern and noise in the wavelet transform domain. Based on the fact that image geometrical features like edges are correlated across different scales in the wavelet representation, a multiscale point-wise product (MPP) is used to characterize the correlation of the image features in the scale-space. A novel algorithm is proposed for the enhancement of banding patterns in a chromosome image. In order to compare objectively the performance of the proposed algorithm against several existing image-enhancement techniques, a quantitative criteria, the contrast improvement ratio (CIR), has been adopted to evaluate the enhancement results. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method consistently outperforms existing techniques in terms of the CIR measure, as well as in visual effect. The effect of enhancement on cytogenetic diagnosis is further investigated by classification tests conducted prior to and following the chromosome image enhancement. In comparison with conventional techniques, the proposed method leads to better classification results, thereby benefiting the subsequent cytogenetic diagnosis.
The Application Research on Fuzzy PI Control Arithmetic of Photoelectric Stabilized Platform

Stabilized control is one of the key technologies of the photoelectric stabilization system. There is a conflict between overshot and transition time in the classical control theory, which can not satisfy the system dynamic performance. The stabilized control system mathematical model with great friction was set up. It was proved by the design and analysis that the normal and the adaptive fuzzy control system can not get a satisfied stable performance. So two kinds of fuzzy and PI multiplex control arithmetic, including fuzzy-PI and adaptive fuzzy PI, are provided and designed. Simulation and experiments show that the designed control systems can realize not only no overshot but also rapidity, and the performance are better than that of the classical control system. The work provides a new way for the stabilized control of photoelectric stabilized platform.
Array signal number detection for coherent and incoherent signals in unknown noise environments

In array signal processing, signal number detection is a necessary step for high resolution directions of arrival (DOA) estimation. With the assumption of spatially white noise, several methods have been proposed for detecting both coherent and uncoherent signals. A new parametric signal number detector for unknown noise environments is proposed. The new detector is suitable for both coherent and uncoherent signals.<<ETX>>
Analysis of global manufacturing top 200: applications of Zipf-Mandelbrot law and its transposing type

Analysis of global manufacturing and management continues to be popular with academic researchers and industrial practitioners. Based on fortune global 500, this paper generalizes global manufacturing top 200 in 2006 and in 2005. Then the research probes into the relation that the company's revenues are influenced by the rank change, and yields the Zipf-Mandelbrot law, which is an inverse power expression. Furthermore, in order to estimate the effect on rank of a change in revenues, this paper puts forward a more valuable and newer thought - transposing the independent and dependent variables of Zipf-Mandelbrot law, and the resulting estimated equation is also an inverse power expression actually. The research results show that, dealing with the rank of Global Manufacturing Top 200, we must notice the "inverse power effect" of the rank's alteration: when rank is top, it is harder to be raised or dropped; when rank is low, it is easier to be changed.
Real Time Complete Dense Depth Reconstruction for a Monocular Camera

In this paper, we aim to solve the problem of estimating complete dense depth maps from a monocular moving camera. By 'complete', we mean depth information is estimated for every pixel and detailed reconstruction is achieved. Although this problem has previously been attempted, the accuracy of complete dense depth reconstruction is a remaining problem. We propose a novel system which produces accurate complete dense depth map. The new system consists of two subsystems running in separated threads, namely, dense mapping and sparse patch-based tracking. For dense mapping, a new projection error computation method is proposed to enhance the gradient component in estimated depth maps. For tracking, a new sparse patch-based tracking method estimates camera pose by minimizing a normalized error term. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method obtains improved performance in terms of completeness and accuracy compared to three state-of the-art dense reconstruction methods VSFM+CMVC, LSDSLAM and REMODE.
Linear RF power amplifier design for MIRS M-16-QAM signals: A spectrum analysis approach

One of the critical and costly components in digital cellular communication systems is the RF power amplifier. Theoretically, one of the main concerns in an RF power amplifier design is the nonlinear effect of the amplifier. Quantitatively, so far, no explicit relationship or expression currently exists between the out-of-band emission level and the nonlinearity description related to the third-order intercept point (IP3). Further, in experiments and analysis, it was discovered that, in some situations, using IP3 only is not accurate enough to describe the spectrum regrowth, especially when the fifth-order intercept point (IP5) is relatively significant compared to the third-order intermodulation. In this article, we analyze the nonlinear effect of an RF power amplifier in the MIRS M-16-QAM system, give an expression of the estimation of the out-of-band emission levels for an MIRS signal power spectrum in terms of the IP3 and the IP5, as well as the power level of the signal. This result will be useful in the design of RF power amplifier for the MIRS M-16-QAM system and other wireless communication systems.
Direction finding for point and dispersed sources: VEC-MUSIC and its performance

A prime objective of array processing is to estimate the location of signal sources. The signals in many applications such as ocean exploration, radar and radio communications could appear to be from either point sources or spatially dispersed ones. Previously, a few methods have been proposed to estimate the DOA of dispersed sources. Among them, VEC-MUSIC [Wu et al. 1994] has the property of jointly estimating the DOA of point and dispersed sources. In this paper, the the unique ability of VEC-MUSIC to distinguish a point source from a dispersed source using different noise subspaces is demonstrated. The asymptotic performance of VEC-MUSIC is also analyzed.
Fast filter bank implementation of image interpolation at any scale

Image interpolation has been extensively studied. In this paper, we present a fast filter bank algorithm for interpolating images at any scales. The proposed algorithm is a generalization of  and , which handles only either integer or dyadic scale magnification of images. The details of the algorithm and implementation are described in the paper. In particular, we show that several image interpolation algorithms are the special cases of our proposed algorithm. The comparison with other interpolating bases are also discussed. The proposed algorithm is of practical use for enlargement in display and printing applications.
General design approach to multichannel fiber Bragg grating

A general technique to design a multichannel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is reported, which incurs the minimum refractive change of the core. The grating thus designed can compensate a large number of wavelength channels with different dispersion and different spacing. It also enables the design of a multichannel optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM), and at the same time, the channels are dispersion compensated. The technique is extended to linearize the group time delay of the grating by the inclusion of the third-order chirping factor of each channel. Finally, the fabrication tolerance of such FBG is discussed
Synthesis and electron emission properties of aluminum nitride nano-cones

Aluminum nitride nanowires have displayed superior field emission due to the combination of negative electron affinity and one-dimensional geometry. Here, we report on the preparation and field emission properties of quasi-aligned aluminum nitride nano-cones on the silicon wafer. These nano-cones are formed via the reaction between AlCl/sub 3/ vapor and NH/sub 3//N/sub 2/ gas at the temperature ranging from 700/spl deg/C to 800/spl deg/C under nickel catalyst. The subsequent analyses including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate that these cones have wurtzite phase and grow preferentially along c-axis with the linear decreasing diameter. The diameters of the tips of these cones are measured to be between 20 and 50nm. Field emission measurements were carried out in the vacuum chamber at the pressure of 1 /spl times/ 10/sup -7/ Torr at the ambient temperature. From the characteristic current-voltage curves, it is revealed that the turn-on voltage is about 12V//spl mu/m comparable with that of GaN nanowires. Based on the Fowler-Nordheim plot with two-stage slope, the field enhancement factors are calculated to be about 400 and 1200 respectively. These results indicate that these AlN nano-cone arrays may have promising application in field of electron emission emitters.
The Affection of MAC Protocols to Energy Consumption in the UWB-Ad hoc System

Energy is the vital source for the UWB-Ad hoc system. For the characteristics of UWB-Ad hoc system, it has some particular requests to the MAC layer. Accordingly, it is necessary to find out the affection of MAC protocols to the performance of UWB-Ad hoc system. In this paper, kinds of MAC protocols that are all rate-controlled were studied. And performance curves were gotten. Also, a general model of the energy consumption was set up, which was the foremost contribution of this paper. The conception of average signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio and two variables of energy consumption degree and capability were brought forward to give the measurement of QoS guarantee. Mass simulations proved the model and QoS guarantee sufficiently.
A Packaged Whispering Gallery Mode Strain Sensor Based on a Polymer-Wire Cylindrical Micro Resonator

We propose a whispering gallery mode (WGM) strain sensor formed by a polymer-wire cylindrical micro resonator for strain measurement applications. WGMs are generated by evanescently coupling light into the polymer-wire resonator from a silica fiber taper fabricated by the micro heater brushing technique. Accurate and repeatable measurements of strains up to one free spectral range shift of the WGMs (corresponding to 0.33% of the polymer-wire elongation, 3250 $\mu\epsilon$) are demonstrated experimentally with the proposed sensor. Practical packaging method for the proposed strain sensor on a glass microscope slide has also been realized making the sensor portable and easy to handle. The robustness of the packaged coupling system is confirmed by vibration tests. The performance of the packaged strain sensor is evaluated and compared with that for an unpackaged sensor.
Facial Expression Recognition under Partial Occlusion Based on Gabor Filter and Gray-Level Cooccurrence Matrix

This paper presents a novel facial expression recognition approach in the presence of partial occlusion using Gabor filters and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). At first, we design an algorithm to extract the block Gabor feature statistics according to the spatial distribution of the face organ. Then, GLCM is firstly introduced into expression recognition field to make up for the deficiency of block Gabor feature, in which the association between pixels is absent. Finally, the block Gabor feature statistics is linear superimposed with the texture feature extracted by GLCM, after Gaussian normalization there generates a set of low-dimensional feature vectors for expression feature representation. The experimental results on JAFFE and RaFD show the high robustness and better recognition rates of the proposed novel approach under different types of occlusion.
The Research on Safety Monitoring System of Coal Mine Based on Spatial Data Mining

Based on the characteristics of Coal Mine safety information -- activity, dynamic changes, closely related to the space, this paper puts forward the project about the Safety Monitoring System of Coal Mine Based on Spatial Data Mining ,and  builds a coal mine Safety Monitoring System model based on  Spatial Data Mining and GIS technology.   The Safety Monitoring System of Coal Mine will fundamentally reduce the occurrence of coal mine disasters, and improve the level of coal mine safety management.
Advanced surface plating on the organic FC-BGA package

Electric components and devices have become high density more and more because of demands for high performance. Nowadays, electroless surface plating is often applied to the surface finish of substrate land patterns for soldering and interconnections due to the enhancement of the wiring design on the mounting hoard, which leads to the shrinkage of the devices. In some cases, though, electroless plating causes weak solder joints on the external terminals of electric devices and packages. The key issue on the developed organic FC-BGA (Flip-chip Ball Grid Array) packaging process is to achieve the ball attach strength on the substrate lands with electroless nickel and immersion gold plating. It was confirmed that the root cause of the weak strength was the existence of the phosphoric enrichment layer with the detailed analysis. Additionally, regarding with the new approach to solve the weak solder joint, the DCNP (double-layered constructed nickel plating) was effective in preventing the progress of the phosphoric enrichment layer.
Handling Occlusion and Large Displacement Through Improved RGB-D Scene Flow Estimation

The accuracy of scene flow is restricted by several challenges such as occlusion and large displacement motion. When occlusion happens, the positions inside the occluded regions lose their corresponding counterparts in preceding and succeeding frames. Large displacement motion will increase the complexity of motion modeling and computation. Moreover, occlusion and large displacement motion are highly related problems in scene flow estimation, e.g., large displacement motion often leads to considerably occluded regions in the scene. An improved dense scene flow method based on red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) data is proposed in this paper. To handle occlusion, we model the occlusion status for each point in our problem formulation, and jointly estimate the scene flow and occluded regions. To deal with large displacement motion, we employ an over-parameterized scene flow representation to model both the rotation and translation components of the scene flow, since large displacement motion cannot be well approximated using translational motion only. Furthermore, we employ a two-stage optimization procedure for this overparameterized scene flow representation. In the first stage, we propose a new RGB-D PatchMatch method, which is mainly applied in the RGB-D image space to reduce the computational complexity introduced by the large displacement motion. According to the quantitative evaluation based on the Middlebury data set, our method outperforms other published methods. The improved performance is also comprehensively confirmed on the real data acquired by Kinect sensor.
Sparse optimal score based on generalized elastic net model for brain computer interface

Brain computer interface (BCI) offers disabled people a nonmuscular communication pathway. Event-related potential (ERP) is an efficient way to achieve the BCI system. One of important issues for ERP classification is the under sample problem, that is the feature dimension is very high while the sample number is very strictly limited. In this paper, we introduce a P300 feature extraction and classification framework using the sparse optimal score method for discriminative analysis by generalized elastic net model. In order to break the curse of dimension, regularized estimation of within-class covariance matrix is achieved and ℓ1 penalty is applied to learn sparse discriminant vectors. The optimization problem is solved by the alternating least square procedure. We test the proposed framework on P300 target detection task and experimental results indicate that it is able to improve the classification accuracy in P300-based BCI system. The efficient features extracted by our proposed framework provide overall better P300 classification accuracy than several baseline methods especially in the single trial and few training samples case.
Attribute-based learning for large scale object classification

Scalability to large numbers of classes is an important challenge for multi-class classification. It can often be computationally infeasible at test phase when class prediction is performed by using every possible classifier trained for each individual class. This paper proposes an attribute-based learning method to overcome this limitation. First is to define attributes and their associations with object classes automatically and simultaneously. Such associations are learned based on greedy strategy under certain conditions. Second is to learn a classifier for each attribute instead of each class. Then, these trained classifiers are used to predict classes based on their attribute representations. The proposed method also allows trade-off between test-time complexity (which grows linearly with the number of attributes) and accuracy. Experiments based on Animals-with-Attributes and ILSVRC2010 datasets have shown that the performance of our method is promising when compared with the state-of-the-art.
A new ultra-wideband multi-way coaxial power combiner

A novel ultra-wideband multi-way coaxial power combiner is presented in this paper. In the new structure, there is an extended coaxial waveguide cavity, where the microwave signal can be transmitted smoothly with little reflection, and 24 ultra-wideband coupling probe of great efficiency. The transmission waveguide type is changed from coaxial waveguide to parallel boards at the edge of the extended coaxial waveguide cavity. For 6GHz-18GHz ultra-wideband application, the output port of the coupling probe is technically designed with the λ/4 impedance matching. Simulation and measured results well agree with each other, showing that the insertion loss SR21 is around -2dB and the return loss SR11 is below -10dB, which is practically feasible for ultra-wideband power combining.
A Novel Algorithm of Facial Expression Recognition Based on Discriminative Component Analysis

Facial Expression Recognition has become a hot research direction in human computer interaction, machine learning and image processing. However, the inaccuracy of facial expression similarity measure is always a key problem in facial expression classification. In order to solve this problem, a novel algorithm which is based on Discriminative Component Analysis algorithm, is proposed in this paper. Compared with Discriminative Component Analysis, our algorithm is based on maximizing within-class distance and minimizing between-class distance to choose chunklets, which guarantee the stability and accuracy of algorithm. The mean recognition rates are 80.42% and 95.71% under the condition of using hold-out method and leave-one-out method respectively. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Effect of KOH Extraction on Micro/Nano Particles of Wood Extractives and Hemicellulose Leaching from Chinese-fir Wood

In order to overcome the above-mentioned negative effects, the fresh Chinese-fir shavings were extracted in KOH soultion, were analyzed by ZETA and SIZER to find out the leaching rule of nano particles in Chinese-fir wood. The results are as follows: (1) The extraction mass arrived at the maximum value when KOH concentration is about 17.5%. The micro/nano particles in Chinese-fir shavings would be discharged sufficiently in the KOH solution with the increaing of extracting time.(2) The diameter the micro/nano particles of wood extractives and hemicellulose is comparatively scattered according to volume fraction. Micro/nano particles in the diameter of 91.3-342 nm, 91.3-342 nm, 342-1720 nm is the most at the extracting time of 3 h, 16 h, 24 h, respectively (3)The diameter the micro/nano particles of wood extractives and hemicellulose is chiefly between 342 nm and 6440 nm according to number fraction.Micro/nano particles in the diameter of 91.3-342 nm, 91.3-342 nm, 91.3-342 nm is the most at the extracting time of 3 h, 16 h, 24 h, respectively.
A novel adaptive loss of excitation protection criterion based on steady-state stability limit

Among Loss-Of-Excitation (LOE) protections of synchronous generators, the impedance boundary criterion of steady-state stability limit (SSSL) is widely used to distinguish LOE from non-LOE conditions. But this criterion is sensitive to the variation of output active power of synchronous generator, and may mal-operate in external faults, power-swing and other non-LOE conditions. In this paper, a novel adaptive LOE protection criterion with an offset mho element based on SSSL is presented. The new criterion could automatically adapt to the system operating modes and correctly operate in LOE. Combine this criterion with some measures which prevent mal-operation in non-LOE conditions, a new LOE protection scheme is proposed. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive LOE protection criterion and scheme.
Multicast Delivery Delay in General Two-Hop Relay MANETs

Multicast delivery delay, the time a packet experiences from source to its destinations, serves as a fundamental performance metric in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, the multicast delivery delay is still largely unknown by now stunting the application of such networks. This paper studies the multicast delivery delay performance based on a general two-hop relay algorithm with cooperative probability p, packet redundancy f and multicast fanout g, where a same packet may deliver to at most f distinct relay nodes, and then these relay nodes can forward the packet to its g destination nodes. Specifically, the destination nodes may also forward the packet for each other with cooperative probability p. We first develop a Markov chain model to capture the complex packet delivery process under the general two-hop relay algorithm in MANETs. With the help of the theoretical model, we then derive an analytical expression for the expected multicast delivery delay.