nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Stabilising Strategies for Switched Linear Systems

The stabilisability problem of a class of single-input switched linear systems is considered. The dimension of the system is reduced with the variable-structure control. The sufficient conditions of the uniform stabilisation of the systems and the existence of the admissible stabilising strategies of the systems are obtained through the study of the sliding mode of the reduced systems. And the detailed admissible stabilising strategy sets are proposed. The completely admissible stabilising strategies for second-order switched systems are given as an application. Some numerical simulations validate the main results.
Constructing Galios Lattice in Hybrid Datasets Based on Rough Set Theory

Existing constructing concept lattice methods cannot process continuous and hybrid attributes in formal concept analysis. This paper extended the existing definition of discretization based on cut-splitting and gave the definition of frequency weightiness function about cut-splitting firstly. Then, a new approach was proposed to constructing Galois lattice after discretizing continuous and hybrid attributes. The introduced approach emphasized on the weightiness of cut-splitting in the process of discretization of continuous attributes, so the approach helped to simplify the classing design and to remain data information in original data table. In order to explore the application of the proposed method, we perform the experiments on datasets from UCI repository. The results verified that the introduced approach is valid and feasible.
Study on energy saving for nodding donkey oil pump

Electric motors are operated with cyclical loading on Nodding Donkey oil pump. This varying load impacts motor efficiency, energy consumption which is the largest part cost for the operation of oil-well pumping units. And high loss of energy is a common and urgent problem in all oil fields. Based on the research on beam pumping units operating, this paper presents a novel method of energy saving, which is to regulate frequency of motor to save the energy which motor produces while the load on oil-well pumping units drives the motor. Simulations are carried out by using the Fuzzy PD controller and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) regulator to compare the behavior of the system under these two techniques. The results of the actual experiment show that about ten percent of efficient power can be saved by using Fuzzy PD controller and the Fuzzy PD controller is more cost-effective, practical, reliable and simpler.
Effect of Nano SiO2 on Pyrolytic Reaction of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

Phenol-formaldehyde resin is used as the most adhesive to produce waterproof plant-based composite. However, this product contains phenol and formaldehyde which can be easily released to pollute air. Based on the single-factor method, the effect of nano SiO 2 on situation of pyrolytic reaction of PF resin was studied by Py-GC/MS. The results were shown that the components of PF by Py-GC-MS analysis were carbon dioxide(83.54%), D,.alpha.-tocopherol (12.55%), 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene (1.96%), phenol(1.95%). And the results were shown that the main components of PF/SiO 2 composite by Py-GC-MS analysis were as follow: carbon dioxide (60.37%), 2-butanamine (14.41%), fluoxetine (12.09%), 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, acetate, (E,E)- (3.38%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(3.35%), phenol, 2-methyl-(3.12%), phenol(2.39%), 2-propanamine(0.89%). The result showed that nano SiO 2 could effectively delay the pyrolysis of PF resin.
Thermo-electromigration phenomenon of solder bump, leading to flip-chip devices with 5,000 bumps

High performance logic devices have rapidly advanced in network system. In order to reply the demand of high pin count and high speed, Flip-chip BGA (FC-BGA) package applied high-density organic substrate has been developed. This package has the superior possibility of flexible bump locations by virtue of high via densities and fine line capabilities of the substrate. The feature of substrate is adopting the stacked method of finer via pitch layers. Utilizing the density, it is possible to either minimize the LSI die size or maximize the number of bumps on the die. Also at the high performance devices, the high current density through the bump is strongly demanded. In order to satisfy the demand and realize the high pin counts devices, thermo-electromigration phenomenon of solder bump is one of the key reliability items. The thermo-electromigration phenomenon of solder bump was investigated to be consisting of three steps as below. At 1/sup st/ step, the lead (Pb) migrates as electron flow under high-density current, and at 2/sup nd/ step, the Under Bump Metals (UBM) migrates and disappears. Finally at 3/sup rd/ step, Aluminum (Al) routing metal migrates and it results in open failure, and from the High Temperature Operating Life (HTOL) results, the life time of solder bump on current density has been estimated theoretically based on Black's equation. The lifetime was predicted more than 20 years with the current being 160 mA/bump in 220 /spl mu/m pitch cases.
Refractive index sensor based on a silica microsphere whispering gallery mode resonator

We investigated the excitation of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in a silica microsphere by evanescent field coupling method using a ∼2 micrometer diameter fiber taper. Based on this configuration we have developed a sensitive refractometric sensor and observed a red-shift of the WGM resonances with the increase of the surrounding medium refractive index. A sensitivity of ∼114 nanometer per RIU has been achieved in the range of refractive indices from 1.3963 to 1.4004.
Study on three-dimension geological modeling of multi faults

Three-dimension geological faults modeling rely on multi-sources faults data heavily. A series of approaches are adopted to triangulate geological faults by analyzing different data types. For multi faults, the priority of each fault is set according to its intersecting or restricting relationships. Based on the highest priority of faults within research region, a new Recursion algorithm dividing the geological bodies with multi faults is presented. By using the dividing algorithm, the process how to construct constraining surfaces and the method how to close constraining surfaces into entities are also been elaborated.
Thermal and chemical properties of benzene-alcohol extractives from two species of redwood

Redwood, the most valuable commercial wood species in the world, has become one of the scarce natural resources currently. In order to exploit the comprehensive utilization of redwood, the thermal and chemical properties of benzene and alcohol extractives from two main redwood species, Pterocarpus macarocarpus Kurz and Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre, were investigated using Fourier Ttransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). Results showed that both the extractives contained O-H stretch, methylene/methyl vibrations, C=C stretch and aromatic ring breathing mode stretch by FIIR. It was indicated by TG test that the maximum weight loss rate of the extractives of the two redwood occurred at 257 °C and 308 °C respectively. GC-MS analysis exhibited that the extractives of P. macarocarpus Kurz contained ketones, phenols, esters, acids, alcohols and other substances, which were concentrated in alcohols, olefins, naphthalene and ketones. The extractives of D. cochinchinensis Pierre contained furans, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, ketones and other substances. Among these extractives, the principal compounds were ketones, acids, alcohols and amines.
Determination of Chemical Components of Benzene/Ethanol Extractive of Beech Wood by GC/MS

Beech tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. Moreover, beech wood is world- widely used as high-grade timber of paper making for its dendrological characteristics of fast growing, high biomass, medium density, high impact ductility, compressively bend strength. However, researches on Beech wood were mostly focused on the dendrological analyses and utilizations of its wood, especially papermaking, and lacked those to analyze the chemical components of extractive of Beech wood, which was very important to recover and utilize the polluting wastewater from pretreated Beech wood. Therefore, in order to separate top value-added bioactive components from wastewater of treated Beech wood and hence decrease its pollution to water environment, we attempted to analyze the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractive of Beech wood by means of GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization, and 16 compounds representing 83.4% of the extractives were identified. The most abundant constituents were as: 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,4-hydroxy- (43.53%), 6-(2- formylhydrazino)-N,N'-bis(isopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (9.50%), benzofuran,2,3-dihydro- (6.08%), 4-morpholineethanol, (5.11%), p-xylene (4.94%), cyclohexane,1,1'-oxybis- (3.35%), phenol,4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy- (3.15%), phenol,2,6-dimethoxy- (3.13%), 1-hexanol,2-ethyl- (3.13%), bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one, 6-methyl- (2.00%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene- methanol extractive of freeze-dried beech wood can be developed into top value-added materials of medicines, cosmetics, biofuel, and industrial solvents.
Fault mechanism analysis and accelerate life testing for pneumatic cylinders

This paper focuses on accelerated life test on cylinders for pneumatic industry which sharply shortens the test time to get the reliability evaluation specification and decreases the cost during products development stage. Accelerated tests are valuable tools to get information quickly on life distribution which is achieved by subjecting the test units to conditions that are more severe than the normal ones. After the accelerated life test results are efficiently feedback to the designer, the design defects are exposed and proper material is selected. Long lifetime pneumatic cylinders are selected as the test object. Section I covers the fault mechanism analysis By the failure mode and effect analysis and fault mechanism analysis, the piston and piston pole parking are the weak units as they are movable parts as well as leakage sources which easily result in the cylinders failure. Liquid temperature and operating frequency are chosen as stresses since their accelerating potentials are available for the specific cylinders, then constant double stress life testing spectrum and tests matrix are scheduled and implemented. The extended Arrhenius model is combined based on a theoretical relationship between chemical and physical reaction rates and stresses. Lastly, the complete ALT data is presented by using Weibull distribution and Bartlett verifying method. Estimation for the parameters of Arrhenius model and other characteristics of cylinders population life distribution are done successfully. From the 3-axis graph plotted, the effects of each stress to cylinders can be seen clearly which provide satisfactory results for cylinders researcher and developer.
Data Path Management in Mesh-Based Programmable Routers

With dozens to hundreds of processing cores deployed in next generation packet processor, regulartopologies such as mesh are widely adopted in Network-on-Chip design to provide scalable interconnectionto cores. Although such packet processors are rich in raw system processing power, utilization of hardwareresource plays a critical role in overall system performance. In this paper, we focus on processing task mapping and on-chip packet routing, which are the key issues for data path performance on next-generation packet processors. We present a genetic algorithm to explore the assignment of tasks, and utilize on-chip interconnections by splitting the traffic between cores across multiple paths. The split flow traffic assigned to each routing path is solved with linear programming. Our experimental results on a packet processor architecture prototype show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and scalable.
Enhancing utility approach for user-centered location privacy service

When users use location-based services to obtain accurate recommendation results, the recommendation provider needs to obtain a large amount of user's located information. At this time, users worry about their information which be leaked to abandon service, and some users even upload dummy information. Owing to the problem that the privacy of users is easy to be leaked, we proposed a user-centered location recommendation services model based on differential privacy in this paper, which makes efficient recommendations while protecting the users' location privacy. Through controlling the expected utility error autonomously, not only the privacy of users can be guaranteed, but also service experience and the utility of expected utility error can be improved.
Self-Compensating OCP Control Scheme for Primary-Side Controlled Flyback AC/DC Converters

Primary-side controlled universal-line flyback converters have been widely used in low-power applications due to their simplicity, low standby power, and low cost. However, conventional OCP schemes normally cause too large a variation in output current when the input voltage varies. This paper proposes a self-compensating OCP circuit to achieve a high-precision constant current at different input voltages which can be used in flyback converters working in discontinues conduction mode. It consists of a CS S/H circuit and a dynamic OCP voltage reference circuit. Compared with conventional OCP circuits, it does not need an extra compensation circuit. To verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed circuit, an IC controller that uses the proposed OCP circuit has been designed and fabricated in 0.35 μm 5-V/40-V high-voltage CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the constant output current precision of the prototype is within ±1% when the input line voltage changes from 85 to 265 Vac. In the common line voltage range ($\rm{110-220\ Vac}$ ), the output current regulation accuracy can reach a level as high as ± 0.3%.
Ultraviolet-light-induced nonlinear scattering and self-pumped phase conjugation in LiNbO3:Mg crystals at 351 nm

We observe diffusion-dominant ultraviolet photorefraction and nonlinear scattering in highly Mg-doped LiNbO3at 351 nm. We also demonstrate self-pumped phase conjugation via nonlinear backward scattering in the ultraviolet for the first time.
Feature Enhancement Using Gradient Salience on Thermal Image

Feature enhancement in an image is to reinforce some exacted features so that it can be used for object classification and detection. As the thermal image is lack of texture and colorful information, the techniques for visual image feature enhancement is insufficient to apply to thermal images. In this paper, we propose a new gradient-based approach for feature enhancement in thermal image. We use the statistical properties of gradient of foreground object profiles, and formulate object features with gradient saliency. Empirical evaluation of the proposed approach shows significant performance improved on human contours which can be used for detection and classification.
Subspace-based prototyping and classification of chromosome images

Chromosomes are essential genomic information carriers. Chromosome classification constitutes an important part of routine clinical and cancer cytogenetics analysis. Cytogeneticists perform visual interpretation of banded chromosome images according to the diagrammatic models of various chromosome types known as the ideograms, which mimic artists' depiction of the chromosomes. In this paper, we present a subspace-based approach for automated prototyping and classification of chromosome images. We show that 1) prototype chromosome images can be quantitatively synthesized from a subspace to objectively represent the chromosome images of a given type or population, and 2) the transformation coefficients (or projected coordinate values of sample chromosomes) in the subspace can be utilized as the extracted feature measurements for classification purposes. We examine in particular the formation of three well-known subspaces, namely the ones derived from principal component analysis (PCA), Fisher's linear discriminant analysis, and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). These subspaces are implemented and evaluated for prototyping two-dimensional (2-D) images and for classification of both 2-D images and one-dimensional profiles of chromosomes. Experimental results show that previously unseen prototype chromosome images of high visual quality can be synthesized using the proposed subspace-based method, and that PCA and the DCT significantly outperform the well-known benchmark technique of weighted density distribution functions in classifying 2-D chromosome images.
Inversion Algorithm of Parallel Dense Matrix and Its Application

In this paper, we analyze some characteristics of parallel dense matrix operations which include data structure of matrix, distributing strategy of parallel memory space and boundary processing of matrix. Then the matrix inversion algorithm and its efficiency are given. Meanwhile, the differentiation of this matrix inversion algorithm and the algorithm of PLAPACK software package is compared, and then the robustness of these two different algorithms is analyzed. Lastly, the example of this algorithm in the survey adjustment problem of geodesy is given.
The Analysis of the Plywood Formaldehyde-Emission Loose

There is the theology of the plywood formaldehyde-emission which is similar to the solid and the liquid. The mature theory of rheological is applied to study on the mechanism of the plywood formaldehyde-emission in this paper, and the loose models of the plywood formaldehyde emission are created. The formularies t M e F F 1429 . 0 0 − = and ( ) t k e P F 1429 . 0 0 1 − − = κ can be received and used to describe the influence of the placed time of sawed test piece to the plywood formaldehyde-emission. The deviation between the theory value and the test value is 0.52 mg/L.
A Differential Privacy Incentive Compatible Mechanism and Equilibrium Analysis

In data analysis with interactive or non-interactive framework, the common assumption is that the data curators are credible. However, it is not reliable in reality. To that end, we propose, according to the incentive compatible mechanism, a differential privacy truthful mechanism, and in the mechanism, we analyze data privacy, utility and incentive compatible properties. Through analysis our scheme addresses the problem that data curator is not trust, and show it satisfies privacy and utility, and obtains the truthful tell. Another, differential privacy and availability is at odds with each other, the research of balance of between differential privacy and availability has been extensively developed, and availability is formulated as a quality of service. In this paper, to the balance problem of between differential privacy and availability, we only need to directly depend on utility function of the availability related to differential privacy budget, so we construct a game with respect to them and analyze the equilibrium of differential privacy and availability by using linear programming.
Multi-view Gait Recognition Based on Motion Regression Using Multilayer Perceptron

It has been shown that gait is an efficient biometric feature for identifying a person at a distance. However, it is a challenging problem to obtain reliable gait feature when viewing angle changes because the body appearance can be different under the various viewing angles. In this paper, the problem above is formulated as a regression problem where a novel View Transformation Model (VTM) is constructed by adopting Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) as regression tool. It smoothly estimates gait feature under an unknown viewing angle based on motion information in a well selected Region of Interest (ROI) under other existing viewing angles. Thus, this proposal can normalize gait features under various viewing angles into a common viewing angle before gait similarity measurement is carried out. Encouraging experimental results have been obtained based on widely adopted benchmark database.
Study of sliding mode control for stewart platform based on simplified dynamic model

Stewart mechanism is widely used in industry. To study the control of Stewart mechanism, hydraulic Stewart platform was used as plant. Controller was designed according to dynamic model, so local closed-loop control system was to be built. Coefficient matrices of dynamic equation of Stewart platform can only be known by measuring real-time pose of platform and doing real-time calculation, which makes application complicated. Therefore dynamic model was transformed, and one operating point was defined as nominal operating point, where coefficient matrices of dynamic equation were constant. Sliding mode controller was designed with simplified dynamic model, and reaching condition of sliding mode was given in the entire workspace of platform. Hence real-time pose measure is avoided and calculation is reduced. Simulation and experiments show that system performance of trajectory tracking with payload is improved by use of the proposed controller.
Adaptive beamforming of cyclic signal and fast implementation

Recently, it has been proposed to apply array beamforming in digital mobile communication systems, such as mobile cellular communication systems and mobile-satellite communication systems, in order to increase channel capacity and suppress co-channel interference. However, the conventional beamforming methods are not suitable for such use, since these methods were mainly developed for signal detection and DOA estimation in radar and sonar. In this paper, utilizing the cyclostationarities of communication signals, we propose three blind cyclic adaptive algorithms (CAB's) and associated fast implementation schemes. We also investigate the characteristics of the new beamforming methods.<<ETX>>
Benchmarking BGP Routers

Determining which routes to use when forwarding traffic is one of the major processing tasks in the control plane of computer networks. We present a novel benchmark that evaluates the performance of the most commonly used Internet-wide routing protocol, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Using this benchmark, we evaluate four different systems that implement BGP, including a uni-core and a dual-core workstation, an embedded network processor, and a commercial router. We present performance results for these systems under various loads of cross-traffic and explore the tradeoffs between different system architectures. Our observations help identify bottlenecks and limitations in current systems and can lead to next-generation router architectures that are better optimized for this important workload.
Design and Implementation of Electronic Image Stabilization System Based on Dual-Core DSP

Electronic image stabilization (EIS) technology is an important research area of video processing and computer vision. This paper presented a set of fast and parallel EIS algorithms. Firstly, this paper proposed a fast local motion vector (LMV) estimation algorithm based on the FAST feature to solve the problem that the traditional algorithm is too complex. Secondly, a parallel global motion vector (GMV) algorithm based on image division is designed, which computes every LMV simultaneously, and then estimates the GMV by all LMVs. Finally, based on the proposed algorithm, an EIS systems based on BF609 dual-core DSP processor is designed and implemented. Experiment results show that the algorithm and system presented in this thesis can effectively stabilize jittery video and achieve high real-time performance. When dealing with PAL standard video, the total time cost is less than 40ms.