nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Giga-Bit/s optical interconnection network for computer cluster

An optical interconnection network with parallel data transmitted through TDM optical link has been developed. The network has been applied to connect PCI bus to make up a computer cluster. A link having 20 Bits/40 Bits input and 20Bits/40Bits output in parallel and adopting a pair of fibers to transmit bi-directional data has also been implemented. An all optical network combining the TDM link and route switching by different wavelength is proposed, in which data sent to different destination computer is transmitted by optical signal at different wavelength determined by source computers. The network switch hub distinguishes wavelength and transports the lightwave to designated terminals. It is transparent to all data stream and no additional latency is inserted. This technique can be applied to establish interconnection network for the massively parallel computer and high performance computer cluster.
View synthesis prediction using skip and merge candidates for HEVC-based 3D video coding

Traditional multi-view coding (MVC) systems compress the texture content captured from different view points, where temporal and inter-view redundancy are exploited to improve MVC coding efficiency. The advanced 3D video coding systems compress both the texture content and its corresponding depth captured from different view points, known as multiview video plus depth (MVD), to support low complexity free view point applications. However, MVD systems consist of a large amount of data including both texture and depth to be compressed and transmitted. To improve the coding efficiency of MVD systems, view synthesis prediction (VSP) can be used to further reduce inter-view redundancy using synthetic views as predictors. In this paper, an in-loop view synthesis framework is proposed, where the synthesized predictor is encoded as a special motion compensated predictor and the motion information is encoded as one of the motion predictors in skip/merge candidate list for HEVC-based 3D video coding. The proposed scheme is applicable to both texture coding and depth coding. The experimental results show that the proposed framework improved the coding performance up to 12.1% for dependent views.
FB-Diff: A Feature Based Difference Detection Algorithm for Process Models

Detecting difference between process models is important for many business process management scenarios, such as process version control and process merging. However, it is far from trivial to detect the process difference. Existing work suffers from drawbacks like inappropriate data structure support or expensive computation. In this paper, we propose FB-Diff, a feature-based difference detection approach. Firstly, a semi-ordered tree model called task based process structure tree (TPST) is used to represent a process model, which can correctly describe the structure as well as the behavior (the execution sequence of task nodes). Then FB-Diff adopts a divide and conquer strategy to find the similar parts of two TPSTs. Specically, we divide the TPST into fragments that are represented by feature vectors. A feature vector consists of six features, and each feature describes a key characteristic of the fragment. Based on the similar parts, the edit script that can transform one TPST into the other is generated. The extensive experimental evaluation shows that our method can meet the real requirements in terms of precision and efficiency.
The study of some key technologies for a compact Terahertz Source Based on Free Electron Lasers

In this paper some key technologies of a compact Terahertz Source Based on Free Electron Lasers are studied. In order to obtain a compact Terahertz Source, an independent tunable electron gun played a dominant role. The independent tunable electron gun was calculated firstly. The electron gun can create high-brightness and short-pulse beams (less than 2 ps). The energy spread is less than 0.5%, the normalized rms beam emittance and longitudinal rms emittance are both low. So the alpha magnet is not needed. Secondly, electron beams accelerated in a linear accelerator are calculated. By designing the linac carefully the energy of these electron beams, 10 MeV can be obtained in nearly 0.6 m and the energy spread is also less than 0.5%. Thus these electron beams emerging from the linac enter an undulator and the Terahertz radiation is emitted from these beams by a bending magnet. The dimensions of the whole system are less than 3 m . A compact Terahertz source can be obtained.
A brief theory of guided signal reconstruction

An axiomatic approach to signal reconstruction is formulated, involving a sample consistent set, defined as a set of signals sample-consistent with the original signal, and a given guiding set, describing desired reconstructions. New frame-less reconstruction methods are proposed, based on a reconstruction set, defined as a shortest pathway between the sample consistent set and the guiding set, where the guiding set is a closed subspace and the sample consistent set is a closed plane in a Hilbert space. Existence and uniqueness of the reconstruction set are investigated. Connections to earlier known consistent, generalized, and regularized reconstructions are clarified, and new and improved reconstruction error bounds are derived.
Sub-sequence video coding for improved temporal scalability

Compression efficiency and bitrate scalability are among the key factors in video coding. The paper introduces novel sub-sequence coding techniques for temporal scalability. The presented coding schemes provide a wider range for bitrate scaling than conventional temporal scalability methods and maintain high coding efficiency at the same time. The proposed sub-sequence techniques are adopted into the latest video coding standard, H.264, making it easy to identify sub-sequences and possible to discard them intentionally. As shown by extensive simulations, a wide range of applications, from mobile messaging to consumer electronics, such as digital TV, can benefit from sub-sequences.
Disturbance-free operation of five-phase induction machine with one stator winding open circuited

A disturbance free operation method of five-phase induction machine with one stator winding opened is presented in this paper. The four healthy phase currents are derived by keeping stator magnetomotive force unchanged when a stator winding opened. Based on symmetrical component method and equivalent circuits of five-phase induction machine, voltage of the four healthy phases, which is supply to the fault machine, is obtained. The torque and rotor speed are not changed remarkably, and the currents of four healthy phases are controlled in balance. The presented method is verified by simulation results.
Structural Analysis of Printed Mathematical Expressions Based on Combined Strategy

Recognizing mathematical expressions from document images is a key problem in the conversion of scientific document into electronic form. It is also a difficult part in the development of recognition technology. In this paper, we present an efficient method of parsing printed mathematics notation, which is based on the combined strategy of baseline and minimum spanning tree method. The syntactic and semantic knowledge is summarized so that a logical arrangement of the mathematical expressions can be obtained automatically. Experiments have been carried out for many types of expressions in printed documents and our method has shown favorable results
An Improved Analysis Approach of Overbrace/Underbrace Structure in Printed Mathematical Expressions

In printed mathematical expression recognition, structural analysis is a key step which determines the overall recognition results. As a special structure in expressions, overbrace/underbrace structure becomes a major difficulty of structural analysis as they’re difficult to be distinguished from other structures. On the basis of baseline analysis method of expression structures, this paper presents an improved approach of overbrace/underbrace structure combining region location with variable thresholds. This approach introduces overrun threshold of overbrace/underbrace symbol, which is combined with other features to establish the analysis rules and optimized by testing on a variety of overbrace/underbrace structures. The experimental results show that the approach is effective in determining and analyzing overbrace/underbrace structure.
Propagation Characteristics for Periodic Waveguide Based on Generalized Conservation of Complex Power Technique

The propagation characteristics of surface waves with periodic waveguides is examined based on the characterization of a unit cell through the generalized conservation of complex power technique (GCCPT). The bounded approach, in which the periodic structure is enclosed by perfectly conducting walls, is applied to facilitate discussion. Comparison among different matching techniques, including the mode-matching technique (MMT), conservation of complex power technique (CCPT), improper MMT with power decrement or increment (PD/PI-MMT), is taken to derive some properties for the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) in conjunction with these techniques. It is shown that the improper PD/PI-MMT, in contrast to the equivalence between the MMT and CCPT in the context of a closed waveguide, is in contradiction to the principle of conservation of complex power, and cannot be employed to express GSM for discontinuity. Further analysis, however, suggests that PI-MMT and PD-MMT are in duality symmetry, and can, in combination, restore the continuity of complex power in a periodic environment, which gives rise to the GCCPT. The propagation constants are determined from the eigenvalues of a transmission matrix for a unit cell with the aid of a solution selection rule. A number of numerical results are shown to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our approach
Fuzzy threshold method for off-line Chinese handwritten character segmentation

Off-line Chinese handwritten character segmentation usually includes the coarse and fine steps. In order to identify which regions that gotten through the coarse step should be merged or segmented again, a threshold is usually adopted. In this paper, a fuzzy threshold method is presented to adapt for the variety of unconstrained writing styles. First, the coarse segmentation region's distribution is gotten by taking statistics with its width and height. Second, the region membership values for broken, isolated and touching character are gotten by the fuzzy functions, and then the region class is determined by the max membership value. Last, the fine segmentation step is instructed by the fuzzy threshold and feedbacks from recognizer. Experiments are performed and the results show that the fuzzy threshold method is quite simple and effective.
Point Cloud Attribute Compression Using 3-D Intra Prediction and Shape-Adaptive Transforms

With the increased proliferation of applications using 3-D capture technologies for applications such as virtual reality, mobile mapping, scanning of historical artifacts, and 3-D printing, representing these kinds of data as 3-Dpoint clouds has become a popular method for storing and conveying the data independently of how it was captured. A point cloud consists of a set of coordinates indicating the location of each point, along with one or more attributes such as color associated with each point. Because the size of point cloud data can be quite large, compression is needed to efficiently store or transmit this data. This paper, motivated by techniques currently being used for image and video coding, proposes methods using 3-D block-based prediction and transform coding to compress point cloud attributes. Experimental results using a modified shape-adaptive DCT tailored for use in 3-D point clouds and a benchmark using 3-D graph transforms are shown.
Research of Plant Domain Knowledge Model Based on Ontology

Simulation of plant growth is a hotspot in virtual reality area. In order to improve the level of knowledge sharing and solve the problem that the shape of plant is difficult to describe, a plant domain knowledge model based on ontology is provided in this paper. After analyzing the knowledge of domain ontology, this paper describes an ontology model of the plants domain knowledge using related botany knowledge. Plant domain ontology is divided into two parts in the model, plant knowledge and environment knowledge. This paper uses Protege as the tool for the plant domain ontology description and store the plant domain ontology in the form of OWL files. The description of the plant domain ontology can be used in the plant growth evaluation system.
An Improved Method Based on Gabor Feature for Mathematical Symbol Recognition

An improved method based on Gabor feature for printed mathematical symbol recognition is presented in this paper. Elastic meshing technology is first applied to partition the character and get sampling points. Then, a set of Gabor filters are used to extract different directional features at each sampling point. In order to decrease the processing time, convolution operations are conducted with the real part of Gabor templates. Experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent performance on printed mathematical symbols.
Software design of cloth design and simulation system

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD), a software engineering approach, is used in the cloth design and simulation system which includes modules of clothing design, fashion design, animation and e-commerce. By simulating the scene as a whole, the system provides consumers with realistic experience so as to make them easier to select the right products to their own. At the same time, it helps both clothing manufacturers and fashion design companies to be market-oriented, develop products to meet the tastes of the consumers rapidly, and accelerates potential buyers to make decisions to order. Thus, on the whole it goes to build a healthy ecological industry chain. In the architecture of the system, the use of Design Patterns, integrated MDA based metadata model techniques and dynamic script language ensures that software infrastructure of the application has more flexible scalability. Al1 of these are used to establish a foundation for the subsequent programming.
An applied coarse classification scheme and analysis

An applied coarse classification scheme for handwritten Chinese character is presented in this paper. Four-side code feature is employed as coarse feature and RBF neural network is used as classifier in this experiment. In contrast to Euclidean distance as the measurement of similarity used in conventional method, RBF (radial basis function) neural network is better to fit the data of each class. In this way the precision rate is up to 93.20%. Analyzing the misclassified characters, overlap area classification method is applied in experiment and precision rate is up to 96.18%. Experimental results show that proposed method is applied and has satisfying performance on coarse classification of handwritten Chinese character.
Dynamic Equilibrium Replica Location Algorithms in Data Grid

Replica location is one of the key issues of data management in grid environment. Existing replica location services employ statistical location information to locate replica, lack initiative detecting mechanism for update, and equalize location information at large cost. In this paper, aimed at existing problems, combined with the characteristics of data gird, a dynamic equilibrium replica location algorithm (DERLS) was proposed. The idea underlying our DERLS algorithms consists of three parts: (1) Replica location service locates physical replica according to the density of pheromone by artificial ant spread. (2) A dynamic equilibrium technique is proposed to prevent positive feedback of basic ant algorithms. (3) Update strategy based on improved ant algorithms is used to detect new replica or resume fault replica. Experimental results show the availability and validity of the replica location in detail.
Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

In this paper, a novel fuzzy particle swarm optimization(NFPSO), in which inertia weight as well as the learning coefficient can be adaptively adjusted according to the control information translated from the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) during the search process, is presented by introducing a two-input and two-output FLC into the canonical particle swarm optimization (CPSO). The effectiveness of NFPSO proposed in this paper is demonstrated by applying it to three benchmark functions obtained from the literature. The simulation results show that NFPSO outperforms CPSO and other fuzzy PSO versions.
Photocatalytic digestion of total phosphorus in the presence of H2O2 utilizing nano-TiO2 photocatalyst

In this work, an ultra-violet (UV) photocatalysis method in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> utilizing nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst is presented for the digestion of total phosphorus (TP) in water. The UV digestion of 4 mg/L of sodium glycerophosphate solutions (by weight of P) were conducted at different digestion time and concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> added to the water samples could increase the formation rate of strong oxidant hydroxyl radicals (·OH), but excess H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> will consume ·OH and reduce the conversation rate. The optimum concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> obtained in this work was 740mg/L. At the condition of 60min and 740 mg/L of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, the conversion rate of sodium glycerophosphate reached about 90%, and the maximum value of rate constant k was 0.0306 min<sup>-1</sup>. Compared with the traditional thermal oxidation method for TP digestion, this UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis digestion method enables the digestion process work at normal pressure. Compared with the individual UV photocatalysis process, UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> digestion method decreases the digestion time from two hours to about an hour.
Compression of 3-D point clouds using hierarchical patch fitting

For applications such as virtual reality and mobile mapping, point clouds are an effective means for representing 3-D environments. The need for compressing such data is rapidly increasing, given the widespread use and precision of these systems. This paper presents a method for compressing organized point clouds. 3-D point cloud data is mapped to a 2-D organizational grid, where each element on the grid is associated with a point in 3-D space and its corresponding attributes. The data on the 2-D grid is hierarchically partitioned, and a Bezier patch is fit to the 3-D coordinates associated with each partition. Residual values are quantized and signaled along with data necessary to reconstruct the patch hierarchy in the decoder. We show how this method can be used to process point clouds captured by a mobile-mapping system, in which laser-scanned point locations are organized and compressed. The performance of the patch-fitting codec exceeds or is comparable to that of an octree-based codec.
Dual-cache Structure Based Large Scale Texture Mapping for Real-time Terrain Rendering

There are two key problems in efficient large scale texture mapping for terrain rendering-efficient data organization and real time data updating in memory. In order to solve these problems, in this paper we propose a quadtree based indexing method to organize multi-resolution images and to fast retrieve data from disk; For memory updating, we present a real time dual-cache structure based updating method, which effectively reduces the frequency of data refresh. We also innovatively use a wavelet image enhancement algorithm to enhance original terrain texture, which obtain richer edge information and give us a more realistic effect in terrain rendering. Through the analysis of storage efficiency and rendering speed of our experiment, this dual-cache structure based method solves rendering speed and memory limit problems perfectly.
Research on Chinese character recognition post-processing based on genetic algorithm

In order to improve the accuracy of a character recognition system, especially to improve recognition rate, it is positively significant to introduce an excellent post-processing method. A Chinese character recognition post-processing (CCRP) based on genetic algorithm is introduced in this paper. The genetic algorithm relies on the Chinese character itself and context information. Experiment shows that this method obtains quite good result. The character recognition rate of the tested text is from 94.99% to 95.92% after post-processing and improves 0.93%.
Virtual Tree Model Based on Environment Influence and Its Application

With the development of virtual reality technology, simulation of plant growth is a hotspot in virtual reality area. In order to reflect the characteristic features of a particular kind of tree and the influence of environment during the process of simulating tree, this paper proposed an virtual tree model based ondynamic forest growing simulation system environment influence (VTMEI). In addition, this model is deployed to the dynamic forest growing simulation system and different tree species have been simulated to validate the virtual tree model. The application shows that the simulation result can remain more scientific and the dynamic forest growing simulation system can satisfy the need of real-time walkthrough in the virtual forest.
Design of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide power divider that uses a neural network

One of the problem in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) power dividers design is that the simulation often needs plenty of calculation, so it tends to take a long time to optimize the parameters. This paper provides a new approach for the design of substrate integrated waveguide power dividers based on a back-propagation neural network. The design of a 10GHz SIW power divider is presented, and we introduce a BP neural network to optimize the parameters. The results show that the neural network can help to optimize parameters and make the design more efficiently.
A Novel Adaptive Failure Detector for Distributed Systems

Combining adaptive heartbeat mechanism with fuzzy grey prediction algorithm, a novel implementation of failure detector is presented. The main parts of the implementation are adaptive grey prediction layer and adaptive fuzzy rule-based classification layer. The former layer employs a GM(1,1) unified-dimensional new message model, only needs a small volume of sample data, to predict heartbeat arrival time dynamically. Then, the predict value and the message loss rate in specific period are act as input variations for the latter layer to decide failure/non-failure. Furthermore, algorithms of how to predict arrival time and how to construct adaptive fuzzy rule-based classification system are presented. Experimental results validate the availability of our failure detector in detail.
The experimental study of the phosphogypsum and fly ash as gel filling materials

It could confect fine character gel filling materials using phosphogypsum as filling materials and fly ash as part cement substitute. The result of the experimentation indicated adding the phosphogypsum into filling materials could reduce the cost of filling and the environmental pollution, advance the integrative using ratio of mine resource. It was important meanings to promote the durative development of mineral resources. Fly ash not only was part cement substitute, but also meliorated the characteristic of gel which prolonged the use life of the pipelines. It also was an important direction as the technology of mine filling.