nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance Deep-Submicron Inversion-Mode InGaAs MOSFETs with maximum Gm exceeding 1.1 mS/µm: New HBr pretreatment and channel engineering

High performance deep-submicron inversion-mode InGaAs MOSFET with ALD Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> as gate dielectric has been demonstrated. Transistors with gate lengths down to 150 nm have been fabricated and characterized. Record high extrinsic transconductance of 1.1 mS/µm has been achieved at V<inf>ds</inf> = 2.0 V with 5 nm Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> as gate dielectric. G<inf>m</inf> can be further improved to 1.3 mS/µm by reducing the gate oxide thickness to 2.5 nm at V<inf>ds</inf> = 1.6 V. HBr pre-treatment, retro-grade structure and halo-implantation processes are introduced for the first time into III-V MOSFET to further improve high-k/InGaAs interface quality and on-state/off-state performance of the devices. The key transistor scaling metrics such as S.S., DIBL, V<inf>T</inf> of these treated devices are compared with the controlled devices with channel lengths from 250 nm to 150 nm.
Design considerations for three dimensional integrated circuits for aerospace applications

Three dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) allow for increased device density and performance while also facilitating heterogeneous integration of different functionalities into one 3D stack. These features can be leveraged in the implementation of innovative multi-purpose 3DICs for aerospace applications which often require high performance multi-functional chips for a variety of applications. This work will detail our in-house technological capabilities for the implementation of high performance 3DICs, with an example of an asynchronous field programmable gate array (AFPGA) prototype that was fabricated using our state-of-the-art facilities for prototyping a multitude of asynchronous applications. The 3D AFPGA architecture has shown great promise for the realization of logic in a fast and variation-tolerant manner which is especially critical for aerospace applications. Our in-house 3D technology will be illustrated and details on the technology modeling and CAD framework will be provided. The framework developed can be utilized by other users in the design of 3D integrated circuits for our 3D technology. This work will also showcase the various design constraints to be considered for the implementation of high performance 3DICs, in particular speed, area and power. Different transmission techniques for ultra-high speed signal communication within the 3DIC stack will be explored and results will detail considerations for choice of transmission schemes. Layout schemes will illustrate how design layout complexity can be tailored for gains with respect to area, speed and power. Also illustrated are ways to extend existing 2D layouts for manufacturing better-performing 3D counterparts. Detailed analyses of the design complexity versus performance optimization will show how the final 3DIC implementation would be based on given time and cost constraints. This work will also detail ways to integrate heterogeneous dies in a 3D stack, in particular sensors, for multi-functional aerospace applications.
The MLFMA basis method for RCS calculation of discontinuous character objects

A new numerical method called the half multilevel fast multipole algorithm basis method (MLFMABM) for highly efficient and accurate Radar Cross Section (RCS) calculations of complex discontinuous characters is presented. The proposed method is used to estimate the RCS of a multi-discontinuous character plate based on a single-discontinuous character plate and its corresponding plate with no discontinuous character. It is shown that MLFMABM can achieve high efficiency and precision.
Signal control decision model for adjacent intersection based on coordination rate

In view of traffic flow equilibrium of all entrance lanes, considering the coordinated demand of every phase, a new signal control decision model for adjacent intersections based on coordination rate is established. According to the relationship between traffic parameters in the theory of traffic flow continuity, the rationality of the parameter is analyzed and the definition and calculation formula of the phase coordination rate are presented, by taking phase split, vehicle queue length, traffic flow velocity at upstream section as input variables, and signal cycle and phase green light starting point as output variables. Applying the new method to the adjacent intersections signal timing optimization, Compared with the traditional signal timing method, the paper considers the bandwidth requirement in each phase, and deeply describes the coordination degree of intersection traffic flow, phases and adjacent intersections, which provided a new theoretical reference of signal parameter optimization for balanced traffic flow.
An Improved Delphi Method for Machinability Evaluation and Examination in Process Planning

Machinability evaluation and examination is fundamental for process planning¿while an effective weight method is one of the primary concerns of machinability evaluation and examination in process planning. In this paper, a new improved approach for calculating the weights of extracted indices in machinability evaluation and examination in process planning is proposed based on the conventional Delphi method . The proposed approach is the statistical method that is applied to develop an algorithm for calculating weights of extracted machinability indices. The proposed method follows three steps: (1) extracted machinability indices are sequenced according to importance by domain experts; (2) the statistical values are obtained from the evaluation data given by these experts; (3) the weights of extracted machinability indices are calculated according to this approach. The new method in the paper provides one solution to the existing evaluation system. An application case is used to illustrate the process of calculation of weights of extracted machinability indices in machinability evaluation and examination in process planning.
Cascade-Based License Plate Localization with Line Segment Features and Haar-Like Features

AdaBoost classifiers with Haar-like features are widely used for license plate (LP) localization. However, it normally requires high-dimensional Haar-like features which cause extremely high computational cost. In this paper, a rejection cascade was built for LP localization with reduced Haar-like features. We first introduced line segment features as pre-input of Haar-like features for AdaBoost to eliminate more than 70% of the background in an image. Line segment features, including density, directionality and regularity, were extracted from line segments, which were detected by applying Hough Transform on an edge image. Later, AdaBoost classifiers with Haar-like features were further applied to identify the exact location of license plates. Our method dramatically reduced the demanded dimensions of Haar-like features, therefore saved much time in AdaBoost training stage. By comparing our method with methods of only using Haar-like features and only using line segment features, experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method achieved the best detection rate with significantly reduced dimensions of Haar-like features.
Miniaturized frequency selective surface and broadband frequency selective surface design

This paper presents the results of our research in the field of frequency selective surface in recent years. Aiming at the traditional passive frequency selective surface (FSS) in this paper, we mainly do two aspects of research work, which is the research of the small frequency selective surface and the research of the ultra wide band frequency selective surface. The center frequency value of the miniaturized FSS is only 2.47GHz, and the relative size of the unit is only 0.0494λ×0.0494λ and. That is to say, the unit size is less than λ/20. Stop band for the double layer structure FSS we proposed is from 11.03 to 13.98 GHz, with a relative bandwidth 23.6%. Pass band for the three dimensional structure FSS we proposed is from 8.1 to 14.6GHz, with a relative bandwidth 57.3%. The miniaturized FSS structure and wide band FSS structure have high practical application value.
Collaborative development of complex equipment: A network perspective

In an open innovation environment, complex equipment is always developed within a collaborative development network. Existing researches on collaborative development are mainly based on methodology of non-weighted static network, and assume that innovative search is independent with knowledge transfer and knowledge creation. This paper, based on scale-free network, establishes a new model to more precisely describe the process and behaviors of collaborative development for complex equipment, which includes innovation search, knowledge transfer and knowledge creation. By using simulation modeling, this paper investigates the dynamic mechanism of knowledge growth in the collaborative network, and probes the impact of innovation search on the performance of the collaborative development network. It is found that different strategies of innovation search have almost the same evolution path in the collaborative development network, and a similar equilibrium will be reached no matter what kind of search strategy is used. There is an inverted U-shape relationship between the tie density and the average knowledge stock (AKS) in the collaborative network, whereas network relation strength is positively correlated with the AKS. It is proved that strategies of innovation search significantly influence the AKS and the level of knowledge innovation in collaborative development environment.
An 18–40 GHz ultra broadband low noise amplifier MMIC

A monolithic 18-40 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) has been developed using 0.25 mum gate length GaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic HEMT technology. This MMIC amplifier achieved 1.4-2.3 dB noise figure with more than 10 dB associate gain from 18-40 GHz. This result rivals some 0.15 mum GaAs PHEMT process.
WR-1.5 suspended silicon waveguide

A low-loss suspended silicon waveguide is presented, operating at the WR-1.5 frequency band (500–750GHz). A rectangular silicon strip is the main transmission channel. Two groups of silicon gratings are designed for holding up the rectangular silicon channel. The proposed waveguide is fabricated using the deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) micromachining technique due to its highly accurate dimensional control at THz frequency band. The silicon waveguide is bonded to a silicon substrate, whose part below the transmission channel has been etched for reducing the effect on the transmission loss of the waveguide. A transition between the suspended silicon waveguide to the standard metal waveguide is designed for connecting the measurement setup. The simulated loss of the suspended silicon waveguide is about 0.02dB/mm at 600GHz, which is better than the metal waveguide.
A Cohort-Based Speaker Model Synthesis for Mismatched Channels in Speaker Verification

Mismatch between enrollment and test data is one of the top performance degrading factors in speaker recognition applications. This mismatch is particularly true over public telephone networks, where input speech data is collected over different handsets and transmitted over different channels from one trial to the next. In this paper, a cohort-based speaker model synthesis (SMS) algorithm, designed for synthesizing robust speaker models without requiring channel-specific enrollment data, is proposed. This algorithm utilizes a priori knowledge of channels extracted from speaker-specific cohort sets to synthesize such speaker models. The cohort selection in the proposed new SMS can be either speaker-specific or Gaussian component based. Results on the China Criminal Police College (CCPC) speaker recognition corpus, which contains utterances from both landline and mobile channel, show the new algorithms yield significant speaker verification performance improvement over Htnorm and universal background model (UBM)-based speaker model synthesis.
New ultra compact high Q printed resonators for integrated circuit oscillators and compact filters

This paper describes new ultra compact high Q printed resonators using a standard 4-metal-layer PCB process. Both balanced (Q0 of 92, f0 of 2.578 GHz) and unbalanced (Q0 of 93, f0 of 2.769 GHz) resonators have been fabricated on printed circuit boards. The dimensions of the resonators are 4mm by 4mm by 1.4mm. A 2.6 GHz low noise feedback oscillator is designed using the new resonator. It demonstrates a phase noise of -102.54 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset as predicted.
Mining the profitability of customers and making right recommendations

Customers varying in profitability are not news. However, segmenting customers in terms of their profit contribution remains an underutilized approach in many recommender systems (RS). In this thesis, based on our previous research of customer segmentation, we have extended our work by proposing a hybrid recommendation system which uses multi-agent system, collaborative filtering together to serve the customers with high profitability, while using simplified top-N to generate high efficient recommendations for the lower profitability customers. Also, agent-based recommendation strategy selection architecture has been proposed and examined in our research.
Visual attention based small object segmentation in natual images

Small object segmentation is a challenging task in image processing and computer vision. In this paper we propose a visual attention based segmentation approach to segment interesting objects with small size in natural images. Different from traditional methods which use the single feature vectors, visual attention analysis is used on local and global features to extract the region of interesting objects. Within the region selected by visual attention analysis, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is applied to further locate the object region. By incorporation of visual attention analysis into object segmentation, the proposed approach is able to narrow the searching region for object segmentation so as to increase the segmentation accuracy and reduce the computational complex. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient for object segmentation in natural images, especially for small objects. The proposed method outperforms traditional GMM based segmentation significantly.
A target-independent solution to mandarin speech recognition engine of dialogue system on specified domain

This paper represents a common target-independent solution to mandarin speech recognition engine of the dialogue system on a specified domain. The dialogue system on a specified domain often has many grammar limitations and semantic limitations, and these limitations can be used to guide the process of speech recognition. This paper presents a common solution to the problem of limitation information. Every dialogue system on a specified domain has its own keywords and all these keywords can be clustered into several classes according to their meaning and their parts of speech. Then we can collect sentences on the specified domain to form a sentence corpus and abstract grammar from sentences in this corpus by using these keyword classes. All the grammar can form a finite state network and this network can be used in the decoder process. When this solution is applied to a new domain, what we should do is to replace the keyword definition file and sentences corpus file. By using this solution we can get a detection rate of higher than 85%. When this speech recognition engine was applied to a dialogue system "EasyFlight", a flight information system, a good performance was achieved.
Research on the security of unified communications system's applications in the power system

As unified communications systems used in the power industry that has special security requirements on the communications industry, the security issues in urgent need. Security issues through the analysis of a typical unified communications system, the communication level, combined with the complex network environment in the power industry, power industry security requirements for unified communications. Reference to domestic and foreign advanced communications security technology and unified communications security issues and the special needs of the power industry, from hardware, software and other aspects, this paper presents unified communications security solutions for the power industry.
A new evaluation model for human-computer interaction

In order to evaluate human-computer interaction systems, we improved the heuristic evaluation, and develop a new evaluating model, which is the meta-synthesis of Delphi approach, analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy evaluation (DHF). The theory foundation of the evaluating model is meta-synthesis method from qualitative to quantitative. Using the methods, the accuracy of evaluation was estimated, and a practical example for accuracy of model was given. It is shown DHF can be used to evaluate human-computer interaction systems
Simulation Study for Observation of Space Reentry Vehicles Based on UKF

Reliable observation of space reentry vehicles is an issue which is worthy of concerning and discussing undoubtedly. The ballistic missile is a typical space reentry vehicle, and it flights along a destined trajectory with a high speed and may maneuver. The motion of the ballistic mission can be approximated by the interaction of the basic motion models that have the simpler forms, and can be observed through using ground radars and optical sensors. After the approximate motion models and observations are brought into the framework of UKF who aims at nonlinear estimation problems specially, the estimate track of the ballistic missile can be implemented. This paper describes the motion model of the ballistic missile firstly, and then the measurement equations of the different sensors and the basic model of the motion body are given out, and then the algorithms of interacting multiple model and UKF are expatiated on, and finally the estimate track is achieved in a simulation system and a conclusion is drawn.
Embedded Sensor of Forecast Conveyer Belt Breaks

On the basis of studying conveyer belt break forecast device using X-ray systematically, the mathematical model was found and set up. And it would promote us to research the device further and optimize parameters. Firstly, the mathematical model of conveyer belt break forecast device was built for the first time by "X-ray testing model". The method avoids thoroughly the impossibilities of obtaining the mathematical model by use of "basic particle convey function". The application of the model shows: it is scientific and precise to build mathematical model by this method and also easily realized. Secondly, the simulation of X-ray break forecast device was realized by using visual programming technology. All the theory and methods above are universal and also applicable to other X-ray no destructive test (NDT) system.
Trajectory tracking control of mobile robots using the cascaded system theory

A new nonlinear trajectory tracking controller is proposed for a mobile robot based on the stability theory of cascaded system. To relax the persistency exciting assumption on the reference angular velocity, the whole tracking errors are divided into the cross track error and orientation error subsystem and the forward track error subsystem, not as in the former research. The back-stepping technique is used to derive the global uniformly asymptotical stable controllers for two subsystems. And the global uniformly asymptotical stability of the whole system is proved using the stability theory of cascaded system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
A semi-supervised Hidden Markov model-based activity monitoring system

Most existing human activity classification systems require a large training dataset to construct statistical models for each activity of interest. This may be impractical in many cases. In this paper, we proposed a semi-supervised HMM based activity monitoring system, that adapts the HMM for a specific subject from a general model in order to alleviate the requirement of a large training data set. In addition, using two triaxial accelerometers, our system not only identifies simple events such as sitting, standing and walking, but also recognizes the behavior or a more complex activity by temporally linking the events together. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed system.
Temporal order information for complex action recognition

Exploiting simple actions to recognize complex actions instead of using complex actions as training samples can save labor expenses and time consumption. Each complex action is composed of a sequence of simple actions and different manners of combinations of simple actions can form different complex actions. Thus, in this paper, we focus on temporal order information (TOI), which can be used to improve the performance of complex action recognition. To utilize temporal information, a TOI model is proposed for complex action recognition so that users can utilize TOI for extracting features. Classifiers learned from simple actions are used to obtain classification scores that are concatenated as the complex actions final features. The proposed approach is evaluated on two complex action datasets: an Olympic Sports dataset and a YouTube Action dataset. The experiment results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method for complex action recognition.
Research of millimeter wave gain equalizer using microstrip SIR and waveguide resonator respectively

Millimeter wave gain equalizers were designed using microstrip shorted SIR (Stepped Impedance Resonator) and waveguide resonator respectively. Traditionally, millimeter wave gain equalizer is composed of waveguide with electromagnetic wave absorber in resonator. However, putting the wave absorber into resonator directly is very hard to control the reflection coefficient and the max attenuation point for we cannot precisely control the position and amount of electromagnetic wave absorber in the waveguide resonator when we are assembling the gain equalizer. In this paper, the millimeter wave gain equalizer is fulfilled by microstrip stepped impedance resonator with thin film resistance integrated and a new waveguide resonator structure. The former is suitable for small power situation and easy to integration, the latter is adaptive for big power condition. The simulation results show the proposed equalizers operated from 31 to 37GHz and 26.8 to 40 GHz. For the microstrip structure, S11 and S22 are less than -13dB and the value of equalization are about 12dB. For the waveguide structure, S11 and S22 are less than -15dB and the value of equalization are about 11dB.
A low-profile monopolar patch antenna with broad bandwidth

In this paper, a low profile and broadband monopole patch antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a monopole, which is formed by connecting six triangle plates together. A regular hexagon patch is shorted to the ground plane by six wires. The resonance frequency of the proposed antenna is 1.96GHz. The impedance bandwidth is from 1.5 to 3.4 GHz. It provides monopole-like radiation patterns over the whole bandwidth range, and its profile is much lower than a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna. The height of the antenna is equal to 0.1 λ at the resonance frequency.