nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Nitride-Based Light-Emitting Diode With Ag Nanotriangle Array by Nanosphere Lithography

We describe a method to enhance the light output power of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through the coupling of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with localized surface plasmon (LSP). The LSP was generated on an Ag nanotriangle array (NTA) on a 40-nm-thick p-type GaN layer beneath the p-pad of the LED, which was partially etched by inductively coupled plasma system. The Ag NTA was fabricated by nanosphere lithography. The resonant frequency of a generated LSP can be precisely controlled by changing the size of the polystyrene nanosphere and the Ag deposition thickness. Under the optimum conditions, the light output power of LED with an Ag NTA was 15.4% higher than LED without an Ag NTA at an inject current of 20 mA. The improvement in light output power can be attributed to the coupling effect between MQW and LSP.
Stabilising current driver for high-voltage light-emitting diodes

High-voltage light-emitting diodes (HV LEDs) possess higher cut-in voltages and works at a high supply voltage. As the specific feature, they can be directly driven via universal utility-line voltages after appropriate rectification. This significantly simplifies the circuit structure and reduces the manufacturing cost. While HV LEDs are driven directly by half-wave rectified DC power source, which is an impure form of DC, their lumen is easily affected by changing the AC voltage source, while only constant current control is insufficient for stable lumen, thus hindering their usefulness in practical applications. This study proposes a simple, however effective, HV LED driver via a proportional and integral current control accompanied with feedforward compensation which is capable of maintaining stable lumen under changing AC voltage sources. Experimental results have demonstrated satisfactory performance in lighting.
Novel AlInAsSb/InGaAs heterostructure for double-barrier resonant tunneling diode

We propose an unstrained Al/sub 0.66/In/sub 0.34/As/sub 0.85/Sb/sub 0.15//In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As heterostructure for double-barrier resonant tunneling diode. A peak-to-valley current ratio of 22.3 and a peak current density of 8.9 kA/cm/sup 2/ were achieved for the unstrained Al/sub 0.66/In/sub 0.34/As/sub 0.85/Sb/sub 0.15//In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As double-barrier resonant tunneling diode at room temperature.
Shielding cover effects on the RF performance of LDMOSFET power amplifier for WCDMA application

Shielding cover effects on the RF performance of LDMOSFET power amplifier (PA) is investigated. In our measurement, the PA cover is made of aluminum, with its height adjusted from 8.4 to 14.4mm which are widely used in current wireless communication application. The input-output responses of several PA samples with cover are measured and compared for different cover heights. Both experiment and simulation show that as the cover height is reduced, the PA performance is degraded, but its power efficiency and linearity are not varied approximately. Further, it is found that, even the cover height is decreased, but through careful optimizing of its internal impedance matching networks consisting of multiple bonding wires, the PA performance can be improved effectively. This research can provide some useful design guidance for the development of compact and miniaturized PA module with high performance.
Registration algorithm based on image matching for outdoor AR system with fixed viewing position

An image registration method based on the Fourier-Mellin transform is introduced for an outdoor augmented reality (AR) system. For this type of AR system, the observation position is fixed, and a complex 3-D registration problem can be reduced to a 2-D image registration for this fixed viewing position system. An observation globe model for this method is proposed. Under this supposition, a Fourier-Mellin transform is used in image registration, and the architecture of this system is illustrated. Experimental results show that this image registration algorithm is accurate and robust. It is effective for an outdoor AR system with a fixed viewing position.
Implementation of New CMOS Differential Stacked Spiral Inductor for VCO Design

A new type of silicon-based differential stacked spiral inductor (DSSI) was proposed in this letter, which was successfully implemented in the design of a cross-coupled differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The samples of DSSI and VCO were fabricated using standard CMOS 0.18 mum process. Based on the two-port S-parameters measured using standard deembedding procedure, the self-resonance frequency (fsr ) and -factor of the new and conventional DSSIs, frequency tuning range and phase noise of two VCOs are characterized and compared. It is demonstrated that, due to the reduction of parasitic capacitance in the new DSSI, its fsr is increased significantly, and further resulting in the evident increase of frequency tuning range of the VCO with smaller on-chip area occupied, as compared to the other new VCO design.
Local- and holistic-structure preserving image super resolution via deep joint component learning

Recently, machine learning based single image super resolution (SR) approaches focus on jointly learning representations for high-resolution (HR) and low-resolution (LR) image patch pairs to improve the quality of the super-resolved images. However, due to treat all image pixels equally without considering the salient structures, these approaches usually fail to produce visual pleasant images with sharp edges and fine details. To address this issue, in this work we present a new novel SR approach, which replaces the main building blocks of the classical interpolation pipeline by a flexible, content-adaptive deep neural networks. In particular, two well-designed structure-aware components, respectively capturing local- and holistic-image contents, are naturally incorporated into the fully-convolutional representation learning to enhance the image sharpness and naturalness. Extensively evaluations on several standard benchmarks (e.g., Set5, Set14 and BSD200) demonstrate that our approach can achieve superior results, especially on the image with salient structures, over many existing state-of-the-art SR methods under both quantitative and qualitative measures.
Investigation on conductive electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects on the breakdown of GaAs MESFET-built power amplifiers (PA)

Investigation on conductive electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects on performance degradation and breakdown of GaAs MESFET-based power amplifiers (PA) are performed in this paper. One special measurement system is built, which consists of an adjustable EMP source, one controller, couplers, limiters, attenuators, one four-channel oscilloscope, and DUT. The PA performance degradation and electrothermal breakdown of its first-stage GaAs MESFET are observed and analyzed for the injected EMP with different widths, and its energy capabilities are characterized and studied in detail.
A study on developing the indicators of energy conservation and carbon reduction for the business

Green House Gas (GHG) emission has become a critical issue for firms to achieve sustainability. This paper focuses on improving enterprises allocate resource on greening more efficiently and proposes a hybrid MCDM model combining Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to recognize the crucial criteria which have dependence and causality, and build the network relationship map among all GHG criteria. Eighteen criteria of GHG emission with six dimensions were selected from the literatures and modified by six experts of energy sector. The results showed that improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption are recognized to be the most influential dimensions of six. In addition, identifying the causality between six dimensions provide an insight for practitioners utilizing firm's resources in GHG emission more effectively.
Advanced motion information prediction and inheritance in 3D-HEVC

The 3D extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) is a new international video coding standard that has been developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video Coding Extensions (JCT-3V). It aims at improving the coding efficiency of 3D and multi-view videos by introducing new coding tools to utilize the correlations between views and between texture and depth components. In this paper, we propose an inter-view motion prediction (inter-view merge candidate) and an inter-component motion prediction (texture merge candidate) to explore the inter-view and the inter-component redundancies. The proposed schemes were adopted in 3D-HEVC and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed inter-view merge candidate and texture merge candidate achieve significant BD-rate reductions of 20% for dependent texture views and 9% for the synthesized texture views under the common test conditions used for 3D-HEVC standardization.
An amorphous SiC/Si two-color detector

A glass/ITO/(n+-i) a-SiC:H/(p+-i-n+) a-Si:H/A1 photodetector with a voltage-selectable spectral response was fabricated successfully. It consists of two back-to-back p-i-n junctions, including an a-SiC:H/a-Si:H heterojunction and a-Si:H homojunction. As the bias at the ITO side changes from 2 to -2 V, the responsivity to light with a wavelength of 6000 A increases 18 times, whereas for light of 4500 A, it decreases three times. The detectivity ratio at these two wavelengths then changes from 0.16 to 4 which provides a good distinction between two colors, i.e., orange and blue.
Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanotubes on InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells

A new design where ZnO nanotubes were grown on the antireflection (AR) layer coated on triple-junction (T-J) solar cell devices to enhance the light conversion efficiency. Compared to the bare T-J solar cells (without an AR layer), the performance of Si3N4 AR coated solar cell showed improvement. The sample with a layer of ZnO nanotubes grown in top of AR layer showed the lowest light reflection compared with the bare and solely AR coated T-J solar cell especially in the spectrum range of 350-500 nm. The use of ZnO nanotubes have increased the conversion efficiency by 4.9% compared with the conventional T-J solar cell. While the Si3N4 AR coated sample only increased the conversion efficiency by 3.2%. This result is quite encouraging as further refinement and variation in the experiment procedures could possibly bring more exciting performance in the future.
Discriminatively Trained And-Or Graph Models for Object Shape Detection

In this paper, we investigate a novel reconfigurable part-based model, namely And-Or graph model, to recognize object shapes in images. Our proposed model consists of four layers: leaf-nodes at the bottom are local classifiers for detecting contour fragments; or-nodes above the leaf-nodes function as the switches to activate their child leaf-nodes, making the model reconfigurable during inference; and-nodes in a higher layer capture holistic shape deformations; one root-node on the top, which is also an or-node, activates one of its child and-nodes to deal with large global variations (e.g. different poses and views). We propose a novel structural optimization algorithm to discriminatively train the And-Or model from weakly annotated data. This algorithm iteratively determines the model structures (e.g. the nodes and their layouts) along with the parameter learning. On several challenging datasets, our model demonstrates the effectiveness to perform robust shape-based object detection against background clutter and outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches. We also release a new shape database with annotations, which includes more than 1500 challenging shape instances, for recognition and detection.
Toward theoretical synthesis of biocomputer.

Increasing applications of fundamental biological gates have been successfully built during this decade. Proceeding to the current development, this study presents a genetic arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) design based on a series of genetic logic gates. The system level's architecture consists of three parts: temp register, ALU and accumulator register. Using the concept of the ALU on the digital computer, the authors present the fundamental function of the genetic ALU via full adder register and also build the bio-storage devices to store data generated from the genetic ALU. The system in this study shows the capability of computing and storage on the biocomputer.
Efficient Designs of Multiported Memory on FPGA

The utilization of block RAMs (BRAMs) is a critical performance factor for multiported memory designs on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Not only does the excessive demand on BRAMs block the usage of BRAMs from other parts of a design, but the complex routing between BRAMs and logic also limits the operating frequency. This paper first introduces a brand new perspective and a more efficient way of using a conventional two reads one write (2R1W) memory as a 2R1W/4R memory. By exploiting the 2R1W/4R as the building block, this paper introduces a hierarchical design of 4R1W memory that requires 25% fewer BRAMs than the previous approach of duplicating the 2R1W module. Memories with more read/write ports can be extended from the proposed 2R1W/4R memory and the hierarchical 4R1W memory. Compared with previous xor-based and live value table-based approaches, the proposed designs can, respectively, reduce up to 53% and 69% of BRAM usage for 4R2W memory designs with 8K-depth. For complex multiported designs, the proposed BRAM-efficient approaches can achieve higher clock frequencies by alleviating the complex routing in an FPGA. For 4R3W memory with 8K-depth, the proposed design can save 53% of BRAMs and enhance the operating frequency by 20%.
Cheap talk of supply-demand games in the world oil market

The skyrocketing of the oil price aroused the attention to the supply-demand relationship of the world oil market. Aiming at the incomplete information between suppliers and consumers, this paper studied the production strategy of the suppliers and the judgment of the consumers of the oil market with a signaling game model to deduce the sufficient and essential conditions of the three kinds of market equilibria---separating equilibrium, pooling equilibrium and hybrid equilibrium, and finally made comparison between the three market efficiencies. The result is that the separating equilibrium is the most efficient Bayesian equilibrium of the above three. So the suppliers will transmit correct signals as long as the cost of cheating is high enough and the most efficient market equilibrium could be achieved.
Evolutionary algorithm for positioning cameras networks mounted on UAV

This paper aims to optimize the coverage of a given area from a set of views to allow a complete mosaicing. Among the investigated methods to find the best camera positions, two of them are studied, namely the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Genetic Algorithms (GA). After having performed experiments to compare the algorithms, the hybridization of GA and PSO is investigated. To validate the proposed method, it is simulated area of irregular shapes with the cameras mounted on a Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). V-REP is used to simulate the UAVs in an indoor environment and satellite images are used for a large outdoor area. The simulation validates the efficiency of the proposed method to find the optimal position of cameras. Then by using the images acquired it is possible to monitor the area and to compute a full mosaic of it.
Effect of motion artifact on digital camera based heart rate measurement

Remote health monitoring is an emerging field in biomedical technology. Digital camera based heart rate measurement method is a recent development which would make remote health monitoring reliable and sustainable in future. This paper presents an investigation on the effect of motion artifact on digital camera-based heart rate measurement. The paper will discuss details on the principles and effects of motion artifacts on photoplethysmography signals. An experiment is conducted using publicly available MAHNOB-HCI database. We have investigated the effects of static scenarios, scenarios involving rigid motion and scenarios involving non-rigid motion. The experiment was tested on state of the art digital camera based heart rate measuring methods. The results showed the effectiveness of the methods and provide a direction to overcome/minimize the effect of motion artifacts for future research.
Non Contact 3D Measurement Scheme for Transparent Objects Using UV Structured light

This paper introduces a novel 3D measurement scheme based on UV laser triangulation to ascertain the shape of transparent objects. Transparent objects are extremely difficult to scan with traditional 3D scanners because of the refraction problem observed in the visible range. Therefore, the object surface needs to be preliminary powdered before being digitized with commercial scanners. Our approach consists of using non contact measurement scheme while dealing with the refraction problem in visible environment. The object shape is computed by classical triangulation method based on stereovision constraint. The proposed acquisition system is composed of two classical visible range cameras and a UV laser source. The exploitation of the UV laser for triangulation system characterizes the novelty of the proposed approach. The fluorescence generated by the UV radiation enables to acquire 3D data of transparent surface with a classical stereovision scheme.
3-D Scanning of Nonopaque Objects by Means of Imaging Emitted Structured Infrared Patterns

Three-dimensional surface acquisition is a subject that has been studied to a large extent; a significant number of techniques for acquiring shapes have been proposed, and a wide range of commercial solutions is available. Nevertheless, today's systems still have difficulties when digitizing objects that are transparent or semitransparent in the visible range. In this paper, some of the issues of traditional scanning systems are addressed by considering the radiative properties of materials. As a result, an infrared laser light-based scanner is presented for successfully acquiring the shape of complex surfaces by analyzing heat patterns that are emitted by the object.
3D reconstruction of transparent objects exploiting surface fluorescence caused by UV irradiation

In this paper, we present a novel approach exploiting fluorescence imaging to estimate the shape of transparent objects. Classical inspection systems require users to coat transparent objects with some powder before measurement. Methods suggested in literature through non contact measurement do not effectively deal with the refraction problem, thus, providing inaccuracies. The proposed method handles the scanning of transparent objects without using any powder and solving the refraction problem using UV environment. A classical triangulation method based on stereovision scheme using fixed stereoscopic visible range cameras with a fixed UV (Ultra Violet) laser source is implemented. Transparent object surface irradiated by UV laser emits fluorescence i.e. a visible white light in a diffused manner. Images consisting of fluorescent points are thereafter analyzed to extract 3D information of the transparent object surface with a stereovision scheme. The object is moved for scanning different parts and the above procedure is repeated.
Evaluation metric for rate of background detection

This paper proposes an evaluation metric which derive the effectiveness of background modeling algorithms. Background modeling is a key process on developing visual surveillance systems. The requirement of adapting to dynamic environments has motivated researchers to modify existing background modeling algorithms and develop new algorithms with better adaptability. Having the algorithms developed, credentials of each of the algorithms have to be assessed to exploit their effectiveness. Various evaluation metrics have been used for evaluating the rate of foreground extraction, foreground detection, and overall accuracy. However, the rate of background detection has not been exploited by these metrics. Therefore, this paper would provide an insight to the existing evaluation metrics and introduce our proposed metric for estimating the rate of background detection.
Structure from motion using a hybrid stereo-vision system

This paper is dedicated to robotic navigation using an original hybrid-vision setup combining the advantages offered by two different types of camera. This couple of cameras is composed of one perspective camera associated with one fisheye camera. This kind of configuration, is also known under the name of foveated vision system since it is inspired by the human vision system and allows both a wide field of view and a detail front view of the scene. Here, we propose a generic and robust approach for SFM, which is compatible with a very broad spectrum of multicamera vision systems, suitable for perspective and omnidirectional cameras, with or without overlapping field of view.
Design and calibration of an omni-RGB+D camera

In this paper, we present the design of a new camera combining both predator-like and prey-like vision features. This setup provides both a spherical RGB-view and a directional depth-view of the environment. The model and calibration of the full set-up are described. A few examples will be given to demonstrate the interest and the versatility of such camera for robotics and video surveillance at the oral presentation.
Video-Based Heartbeat Rate Measuring Method Using Ballistocardiography

Video-based heartbeat rate measurement is a rapidly growing application in remote health monitoring. Video-based heartbeat rate measuring methods operate mainly by estimating photoplethysmography or ballistocardiography signals. These methods operate by estimating the microscopic color change in the face or by estimating the microscopic rigid motion of the head/ facial skin. However, the robustness to motion artifacts caused by illumination variance and motion variance of the subject poses main challenge. We present a video-based heartbeat rate measuring framework to overcome these problems by using the principle of ballistocardiography. In this paper, we proposed a ballistocardiography model based on Newtons third law of force and dynamics of harmonic oscillation. We formulate a framework based on the ballistocardiography model to measure the rigid involuntary head motion caused by the ejection of the blood from the heart. Our proposed framework operates by estimating the motion of multivariate feature points to estimate the heartbeat rate autonomously. We evaluated our proposed framework along with existing video-based heartbeat rate measuring methods with three databases, namely; MAHNOB HCI database, human-computer interaction database, and driver health monitoring database. Our proposed framework outperformed existing methods by reporting a low mean error rate of 4.34 bpm with a standard deviation of 3.14 bpm, root mean square error of 5.29 with a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91. The proposed method also operated robustly in the human-computer interaction database and driver health monitoring database by overcoming the issues related to illumination and motion variance.
Optimal source selection for image photoplethysmography

This paper presents an optimal selection on the region of interest (ROI) and color spaces to extract photoplethysmography signals from facial videos. The study is carried out under two sections; ROI selection and color space selection. We compared five different ROI selection for different regions of the face. We also investigated three color spectrums namely additive, perceptual and orthogonal color spaces. The study experimented on the publicly available human-computer interaction (HCI) database. When evaluated on 30 subjects, the results showed that the ROI selection on the forehead and the green spectrum of the additive color space to provides higher accuracy for heart rate measurement.