nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An e-marketplace infrastructure for information

As the varieties of multimedia data and information products begin to increase, it has become increasingly difficult for the end consumer to leverage the wide variety of available multimedia data and information products. In this paper, we propose an innovative infrastructure to enable the consumers to locate and tradeoff possible alternative multimedia and information products (such as earth science data and information sources) in an electronic marketplace setting. Specifically, this architecture provides mechanisms to annotate the requests and offerings of the data and information products, to decompose the concepts of the requests and offerings to facilitate the matchmaking and inferencing. Based on the knowledge models developed for each application domain and science discipline, the matchmaking mechanism will be able to fuse and combine multiple alternative data and information sources so that the quality of the results can be maximized while the cost for data acquisition is minimizing.
Learning regional semantic concepts from incomplete annotation

For multimedia retrieval to be effective, the semantic gap needs to be bridged. Statistical learning techniques provide a robust framework for learning representations of semantic concepts from visual features. The bottleneck is the need to annotate a large number of training samples to construct robust models. We present a novel approach where the annotations may be entered at coarser spatial granularity while the concept may still be learnt at finer granularity. This can speed up annotation significantly and provide bootstrapping. We show that it is possible to learn representations of concepts occurring at the regional level by using annotations for several images, where the annotations are provided only at the global level. The disambiguation can be handled by the multiple instance learning paradigm. We demonstrate this using the TREC 2001 corpus for the concept sky.
Multimedia annotations on the semantic Web

Multimedia in all forms (images, video, graphics, music, speech) is exploding on the Web. The content needs to be annotated and indexed to enable effective search and retrieval. However, recent standards and best practices for multimedia metadata don't provide semantically rich descriptions of multimedia content. On the other hand, the World Wide Web Consortium's (W3Cs) semantic Web effort has been making great progress in advancing techniques for annotating semantics of Web resources. To bridge this gap, a new W3C task force has been created to investigate multimedia annotations on the semantic Web. This article examines the problems of semantically annotating multimedia and describes the integration of multimedia metadata with the semantic Web.
A framework for moderate vocabulary semantic visual concept detection

Extraction of semantic features from visual concepts is essential for meaningful content management in terms of filtering, searching and retrieval. Recently, machine learning techniques have been shown to provide a computational framework to map low level features to high level semantics. In this paper we expose these techniques to the challenge of supporting a moderately large lexicon of semantic concepts. Using the TREC 2002 benchmark corpus for training and validation we investigate a support vector machine based learning system for modeling 34 visual concepts. The detection results show excellent performance for a set of concepts with moderately large training samples. Promising performance is also observed for concepts with few training concepts.
Cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor laser amplifier determined by a dispersive technique

Cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor laser diode amplifier is reported. A simple expression for the chirp imparted on a weak signal pulse by the action of a strong pump pulse is derived. A novel dispersive technique for characterizing the resulting nonlinear chirp is introduced and used in the present experiment. A maximum frequency excursion of 16 GHz, due to the cross-phase modulation, was measured. A value of 6 was found for alpha /sub xpm/, which is a factor for characterizing the cross-phase modulation in a similar manner to the conventional linewidth enhancement factor alpha .
Cygnus Trigger System

The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of 4 rad at 1 m, and a 1 -mm diameter spot size. The electrical specifications are: 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns. This facility is located in an underground environment at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). These sources were developed as a primary diagnostic for subcritical tests, which are single-shot, high-value events. In such an application there is an emphasis on reliability and reproducibility. robust low-jitter trigger system is a key element for meeting these goals. The trigger system was developed with both commercial and project-specific equipment. In addition to the traditional functions of a trigger svstem there are novel features added to protect the investment of a high-value shot. Details of the trigger system, including elements designed specifically for a subcritical test application, will be presented. The individual electronic components have their nominal propagation delav, and when assembled have a svstem propagation delay with a measured range of jitter. The shot-to-shot jitter will be assessed both individually and in combination. Trigger reliability and reproducibility results will be presented for a large data base of shots executed at NTS.
Status of design and manufacturing of the ITER Central Solenoid and Correction Coils

The Final Design of the Central Solenoid (CS) of the ITER Magnet system is currently being completed by the US ITER Domestic Agency (USDA) and the manufacturing line of the coil under installation at the supplier's premises in the USA. The Central Solenoid includes 6 identical Nb3Sn coil modules independently powered and enclosed inside a precompression structure preventing their separation. The CS structure includes 9 subsets, made of Nitronic 50 high strength austenitic stainless steel, evenly distributed around the stack of the 6 modules.
Breakdown strength of TRXLPE insulated cables after extended aging under moderate test conditions

Accelerated aging of 15 kV cables under moderate test conditions were carried out for extended periods of time. Two test conditions were used to age two TRXLPE insulated cables: (1) aging in water-filled conduits as described in AEIC CS5-94 for a test duration of 600 days, (2) aging in water-filled tanks as per IEEE P1407. It has been shown by these controlled comparative tests that the breakdown strength of TRXLPE1 is very stable over extended periods of aging under both conditions. Test cable failures were recorded during aging of TRXLPE2 insulated cables per IEEE P1407, although the actual value of the breakdown strength and its percentage retention over the unaged reference for some aging time intervals were greater than those for TRXLPE1 cables. This demonstrates that the value of AC breakdown strength at a given point in any aging scheme is not necessarily a true predictor of the performance of TRXLPE insulation. The mechanism of electrical breakdown at elevated stress under ramp tests can be vastly different from the breakdown at constant aging stress.
VideoZoom Spatio-Temporal Video Browser

We describe a system for browsing and interactively retrieving video over the Internet at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. The VideoZoom system enables users to start with coarse, low-resolution views of the sequences and selectively zoom-in in space and time. VideoZoom decomposes the video sequences into a hierarchy of view elements, which are retrieved in a progressive fashion. The client browser incrementally builds the views by retrieving, caching, and assembling the view elements, as needed. By integrating browsing and retrieval into a single progressive retrieval paradigm, VideoZoom provides a new and useful system for accessing video over the Internet. VideoZoom is suitable for digital video libraries and a number of other applications in which streaming methods provide insufficient quality of video, video downloading introduces large latencies, and generating video summaries is difficult or not well integrated with video retrieval tasks.
Fluidic self-assembly for the integration of GaAs light-emitting diodes on Si substrates

The integration of GaAs optoelectronic devices on Si VLSI is important for many high-bandwidth communication applications. In this paper we describe a novel technique for the quasi-monolithic integration of GaAs light-emitting diodes on Si substrates that utilizes fluid transport and shape differentiation for placement and orientation. GaAs light-emitting diodes fabricated into trapezoidal blocks are suspended in a carrier fluid and deposited over holes etched in Si for integration. Top-side ring contact and bottom electrical contact are fabricated on the blocks prior to integration.<<ETX>>
Large-scale video event classification using dynamic temporal pyramid matching of visual semantics

Video event classification and retrieval has recently emerged as a challenging research topic. In addition to the variation in appearance of visual content and the large scale of the collections to be analyzed, this domain presents new and unique challenges in the modeling of the explicit temporal structure and implicit temporal trends of content within the video events. In this study, we present a technique for video event classification that captures temporal information over semantics using a scalable and efficient modeling scheme. An architecture for partitioning videos into a linear temporal pyramid, using segments of equal length and segments determined by the patterns of the underlying data, is applied over a rich underlying semantic description at the frame level using a taxonomy of nearly 1000 concepts containing 500,000 training images. Forward model selection with data bagging is used to prune the space of temporal features and data for efficiency. The system is implemented in the Hadoop Map-Reduce environment for arbitrary scalability. Our method is applied to the TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection 2012 task. Results demonstrate a significant boost in performance of over 50%, in terms of mean average precision, compared to common max or average pooling, and 17.7% compared to more complex pooling strategies that ignore temporal content.
A wavelet framework for adapting data cube views for OLAP

This article presents a method for adaptively representing multidimensional data cubes using wavelet view elements in order to more efficiently support data analysis and querying involving aggregations. The proposed method decomposes the data cubes into an indexed hierarchy of wavelet view elements. The view elements differ from traditional data cube cells in that they correspond to partial and residual aggregations of the data cube. The view elements provide highly granular building blocks for synthesizing the aggregated and range-aggregated views of the data cubes. We propose a strategy for selectively materializing alternative sets of view elements based on the patterns of access of views. We present a fast and optimal algorithm for selecting a non-expansive set of wavelet view elements that minimizes the average processing cost for supporting a population of queries of data cube views. We also present a greedy algorithm for allowing the selective materialization of a redundant set of view element sets which, for measured increases in storage capacity, further reduces processing costs. Experiments and analytic results show that the wavelet view element framework performs better in terms of lower processing and storage cost than previous methods that materialize and store redundant views for online analytical processing (OLAP).
Installation and initial operation of the DIII-D advanced divertor cryocondensation pump

Phase two of a divertor cryocondensation pump, the Advanced Divertor Program, is now installed in the DIII-D tokamak at General Atomics and complements the phase one biasable ring electrode. The installation consists of a 10 m long cryocondensation pump located in the divertor baffle chamber to study plasma density control by pumping of the divertor. The design is a toroidally electrically continuous liquid helium-cooled panel with 1 m/sup 2/ of pumping surface. The helium panel is single point grounded to the nitrogen shield to minimize eddy currents. The nitrogen shield is toroidally continuous and grounded to the vacuum vessel in 24 locations to prevent voltage potentials from building up between the pump and vacuum vessel wall. A radiation/particle shield surrounds the nitrogen-cooled surface to minimize the heat load and prevent water molecules condensed on the nitrogen surface from being released by impact of energetic particles. Large currents (>5000 A) are driven in the helium and nitrogen panels during ohmic coil ramp up and during disruptions. The pump is designed to accommodate both the thermal and mechanical loads due to these currents. A feedthrough for the cryogens allows for both radial and vertical motion of the pump with respect to the vacuum vessel. Thermal performance measured on a prototype verified the analytical model and thermal design of the pump. Characterization tests of the installed pump show the pumping speed in deuterium is 42,000 l/sec for a pressure of 5 mTorr. Induction heating of the pump (at 300 W) resulted in no degradation of pumping speed. Plasma operations with the cryopump show a 60% lower density in H-mode.
Cygnus Trigger System

The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two radiographic sources (Cygnus 1 and 2), each with a dose rating of 4 rd at 1 m, and a 1-mm-diameter spot size. The electrical specifications are the following: 2.25 MV, 60 kA, and 60 ns. This facility is located in an underground environment at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). These sources were developed as a primary diagnostic for subcritical experiments (SCEs), which are single-shot high-value events. The SCE program was initiated after the 1992 moratorium on underground nuclear testing in support of stockpile stewardship. In such an application, there is an emphasis on reliability and reproducibility. A robust low-jitter trigger system is a key element for meeting these goals. The trigger system was developed with both commercial and project-specific equipment. Although not a trigger element, Marx is included in the analysis since it is the target of the final trigger and is a source of jitter. In addition to the traditional function of a trigger system, there are novel features added to the Cygnus Trigger System to protect the investment of a high-value shot. Details of the trigger system, including elements designed specifically for a subcritical test application, will be presented. The individual electronic components have their nominal delay, and when assembled, they have a system delay with a measured range of jitter. The shot-to-shot jitter will be assessed both individually and in combination. Trigger reliability and reproducibility results will be presented for a substantial number of shots executed at the NTS.
Robust audio watermarking in the time domain

The audio watermarking method presented below offers copyright protection to an audio signal by modifying its temporal characteristics. The amount of modification embedded is limited by the necessity that the output signal must not be perceptually different from the original one. The watermarking method presented here does not require the original signal for watermark detection. The watermark key is simply a seed known only by the copyright owner. This seed creates the watermark signal to be embedded. Watermark embedding depends also on the audio signal amplitude in a way that minimizes the audibility of the watermark signal. The embedded watermark is robust to MPEG audio coding, filtering, resampling and requantization.
Variational Bayesian inference for forward-backward visual tracking in stereo sequences

In this paper we propose a Bayesian framework for accurate object tracking in stereoscopic sequences. Object detection and forward tracking are first combined according to predefined rules to get a first set of tracked regions candidates. Backward tracking is then applied to provide another set of possible object localizations. Moreover, this strategy is applied herein in stereoscopic video. We introduce a Bayesian inference algorithm which is used to merge the information of both forward and backward tracking in order to refine the tracked region localization results. Experiments, performed on face tracking, show that the proposed method provides higher tracking accuracy than a forward tracker.
2-D Feature-Point Selection and Tracking Using 3-D Physics-Based Deformable Surfaces

This paper presents a novel approach for selecting and tracking feature points in video sequences. In this approach, the image intensity is represented by a 3-D deformable surface model. The proposed approach relies on selecting and tracking feature points by exploiting the so-called generalized displacement vector that appears in the explicit surface deformation governing equations. This vector is proven to be a combination of the output of various line- and edge-detection masks, thus leading to distinct, robust features. The proposed method was compared, in terms of tracking accuracy and robustness, with a well-known tracking algorithm, Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT), and a tracking algorithm based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features. The proposed method was experimentally shown to be more precise and robust than both KLT and SIFT tracking. Moreover, the feature-point selection scheme was tested against the SIFT and Harris feature points, and it was demonstrated to provide superior results.
Semi-supervised dimensionality reduction on data with multiple representations for label propagation on facial images

In this paper a novel method is introduced for semi-supervised dimensionality reduction on facial images extracted from stereo videos. It operates on image data with multiple representations and calculates a projection matrix that preserves locality information and a priori pairwise information, in the form of must-link and cannot-link constraints between the various data representations, as well as label information for a percentage of the data. The final data representation is a linear combination of the projections of all data representations. The performance of the proposed Semi-supervised Multiple Locality Preserving Projections method was evaluated in person identity label propagation on facial images extracted from stereo movies. Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms state of the art methods.
Object tracking based on morphological elastic graph matching

This paper presents a novel method for real-time tracking of objects in video sequences. Tracking is performed using the so-called morphological elastic graph matching algorithm. When applied to faces, initialization of the tracking algorithm is performed by means of a novel face detection and facial feature extraction step. The obtained results show good performance in scenes with complex background. Comparison with an existing feature-based tracking method using measures based on ground truth data proves the superiority of the proposed method.
View indepedent human movement recognition from multi-view video exploiting a circular invariant posture representation

In this paper a novel method for view independent human movement representation and recognition, exploiting the rich information contained in multi-view videos, is proposed. The binary masks of a multi-view posture image are first vectorized, concatenated and the view correspondence problem between train and test samples is solved using the circular shift invariance property of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) magnitudes. Then, using fuzzy vector quantization (FVQ) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), different movements are represented and classified. This method allows view independent movement recognition, without the use of calibrated cameras, a-priori view correspondence information or 3D model reconstruction. A multiview video database has been constructed for the assessment of the proposed algorithm. Evaluation of this algorithm on the new database, shows that it is particularly efficient and robust, and can achieve good recognition performance.
Action Recognition in Motion Capture Data Using a Bag of Postures Approach

In this paper we introduce a novel method for movement recognition in motion capture data. A movement is regarded as a combination of basic movement patterns, the so-called dynemes. Initially a K-means variant that takes into account the periodic nature of angular data is applied on training data to discover the most discriminative dynemes. Each frame is then assigned to one of these dynemes and a histogram that describes the frequency of occurrence of these dynemes for each movement is constructed. SVM classification and sparse representation based classification are used for movement recognition on the test data. The effectiveness and robustness of this method is shown through experimental results on a standard dataset of motion capture data.
Efficient automatic detection of 3D video artifacts

This paper summarizes some common artifacts in stereo video content. These artifacts lead to poor even uncomfortable 3D viewing experience. Efficient approaches for detecting three typical artifacts, sharpness mismatch, synchronization mismatch and stereoscopic window violation, are presented in detail. Sharpness mismatch is estimated by measuring the width deviations of edge pairs in depth planes. Synchronization mismatch is detected based on the motion inconsistencies of feature points between the stereoscopic channels in a short time frame. Stereoscopic window violation is detected, using connected component analysis, when objects hit the vertical frame boundaries while being in front of the virtual screen. For experiments, test sequences were created in a professional studio environment and state-of-the-art metrics were used for evaluating the proposed approaches. The experimental results show that our algorithms have considerable robustness in detecting 3D defects.
A correspondence based method for activity recognition in human skeleton motion sequences

In this paper we present an algorithm for efficient activity recognition operating upon human skeleton motion sequences, derived through motion capture systems or by analyzing the output of RGB-D sensors. Our approach is driven from the assumption that, if two such sequences describe similar activities, then, consecutive frames (poses) of one sequence are expected to be similar to consecutive frames of the other. The proposed method adopts a quaternion based distance metric to calculate the similarity between poses and an intuitive method for estimating a similarity score between two skeleton motion sequences, based on the structure of a pose correspondence matrix. Our method achieved 99.5% correct activity recognition, when applied on motion capture data, in a classification task consisting of 18 classes of activities.