nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic coupling of coplanar waveguides and microstrip lines to highly lossy dielectric media

The spectral-domain technique is utilized to analyze the coupling characteristics of coplanar waveguides and microstrip lines coupled with multilayer lossy dielectric media. Numerical results illustrating the dispersion characteristics of coplanar and microstrip lines, as well as the various electric field components coupled to highly lossy dielectric media, are presented. It is shown that the presence of a superstrate of lossless dielectric between the coplanar waveguide and the lossy medium plays a key role in setting up an axial electric field component that facilitates leaky-wave-type coupling to the lossy medium. The thickness of the superstrate relative to the gap width in the coplanar waveguide is important in controlling the magnitude of this axial electric field component. The coupling characteristics of the microstrip and coplanar lines are compared, and results generally show improved coupling if coplanar waveguides are utilized. Values of the attenuation constant alpha are higher for coplanar waveguide than for microstrip line, and for both structures alpha decreases with frequency.
Deep Order Statistic Networks

Recently, Maxout networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on several machine learning tasks, which has fueled aggressive research on Maxout networks and generalizations thereof. In this work, we propose the utilization of order statistics as a generalization of the max non-linearity. A particularly general example of an order-statistic non-linearity is the “sortout” non-linearity, which outputs all input activations, but in sorted order. Such Order-statistic networks (OSNs), in contrast with other recently proposed generalizations of Maxout networks, leave the determination of the interpolation weights on the activations to the network, and remain conditionally linear given the input, and so are well suited for powerful model aggregation techniques such as dropout, drop connect, and annealed dropout. Experimental results demonstrate that the use of order statistics rather than Maxout networks can lead to substantial improvements in the word error rate (WER) performance of automatic speech recognition systems.
A GALS ASIC implementation from a CAL dataflow description

This paper presents low power hardware generation, based on a CAL actor language dataflow implementation. The CAL language gives a higher level of abstraction and generate both hardware and software description. The original CAL flow is targeted for hardware-software co-design of complex systems on FPGA. Modifications are done to the original CAL flow to facilitate low power ASIC implementations. The hardware-software co-design and Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) design at a higher level of abstraction provides more freedom for design-space exploration and reduced design time. Performance is evaluated by a reference design, Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) multi-standard channel estimator based on robust Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) algorithm. Higher throughput is attained due to inherent parallelism in CAL dataflow and reduced design time for GALS implementation.
A probabilistic framework for semantic video indexing, filtering, and retrieval

Semantic filtering and retrieval of multimedia content is crucial for efficient use of the multimedia data repositories. Video query by semantic keywords is one of the most difficult problems in multimedia data retrieval. The difficulty lies in the mapping between low-level video representation and high-level semantics. We therefore formulate the multimedia content access problem as a multimedia pattern recognition problem. We propose a probabilistic framework for semantic video indexing, which call support filtering and retrieval and facilitate efficient content-based access. To map low-level features to high-level semantics we propose probabilistic multimedia objects (multijects). Examples of multijects in movies include explosion, mountain, beach, outdoor, music etc. Semantic concepts in videos interact and to model this interaction explicitly, we propose a network of multijects (multinet). Using probabilistic models for six site multijects, rocks, sky, snow, water-body forestry/greenery and outdoor and using a Bayesian belief network as the multinet we demonstrate the application of this framework to semantic indexing. We demonstrate how detection performance can be significantly improved using the multinet to take interconceptual relationships into account. We also show how the multinet can fuse heterogeneous features to support detection based on inference and reasoning.
A low power 52.9 GHz static divider implemented in a manufacturable 180 GHz AlInAs/InGaAs HBT IC technology

We have demonstrated a 52.9 GHz static 1/8 divider in an AlInAs/InGaAs HBT technology. To our knowledge this is the fastest static divider reported in any semiconductor technology. The divider was realized in a high yield optical lithography triple mesa HBT process. At maximum speed, power consumption was 40 mW/flip-flop. A second 1/8 divider, designed for lower power but using the same size transistors, consumed 8.6 mW/flip-flop at 35 GHz. Sensitivity was excellent with the high-speed version operating from DC to 48 GHz with less than 0 dBm input power. Uniformity and reproducibility were also demonstrated; all functional dividers operated above 45 GHz on-wafer and the extrapolated yield of dividers indicates that the process is capable of supporting 500-1000 transistor designs. Circuit performance was relatively insensitive to the details of the device epitaxial structure indicating a highly robust and manufacturable process.
Category specific knowledge modulate capacity limitations of visual short-term memory

We explore whether expertise can modulate the capacity of visual short-term memory, as some seem to argue that training affects capacity of short-term memory [13] while others are not able to find this modulation . We extend on a previous study  by demonstrating expertise effects by investigating different groups of healthy adults. In a whole report paradigm  we investigate performance on standardized pictures [11], Latin letters, and Japanese hiragana. Expertise was modulated between groups of novice (Danish university students), trained (Danish university students studying Japanese), and expert observers (Japanese university students). For both the picture and the letter condition we find no performance difference in memory capacity, however, in the critical hiragana condition we demonstrate a systematic difference relating expertise differences between the groups. These results are in line with the theoretical interpretation that visual short-term memory is the sum of the reverberating feedback loops to representations in long-term memory.
Design and implementation of unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for surveillance and bomb detection using haptic arm technology

This paper presents the design and implementation of the unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for surveillance and bomb diffusion using haptic arm technique. The proposed model consists of a 4 fingered mechanism that is lightweight, portable and user-friendly with reduced complexity. The NEW haptic glove system is a wireless and self-contained system which is mounted on the users arm in order to control the motion of the robot. The New haptic glove system is not limited to the variation in the finger sizes thereby providing accuracy and comfort for the robot control. The system is equipped with bomb detection and diffusion mechanism. Once the presence of bomb/Metal is detected by robot, it initiates commands to the authorized officials and the detected bomb can be diffused from a remote place as if he/she is in direct contact with the bomb. Thus the system provides high security for the life of the bomb diffusion scord. The proposed system is highly useful in the all areas that requires safety and it provides virtual reality in surveillance and diffusion.
Dispersive properties of serpentine and folded waveguide circuits

Recent development of new lithographic fabrication technique1 has demonstrated great potential of slow wave structures based on folded (FW) and serpentine (SW) waveguides for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave vacuum electronic amplifiers with moderate beam voltages. Further development of the amplifiers will relay on knowledge of the dispersive properties of FW/SW structures and on an ability to tailor the dispersion in accordance with design requirements. We present the results of a comprehensive numerical study on the properties of FW/SW structures. Dispersive properties of FW/SW structures has been calculated using 3D finite element code ANALYST2 with accuracy better that 0.1% in dispersion and better than 1.0% in coupling coefficient.
Estimating rotation speed from projections in SAR

An algorithm is presented which estimates the rotation speed of an orbiting point in spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. Current reconstruction algorithms for spotlight-mode SAR assume that the relative motion between radar and the object is known at all time instants. Although this is true, for example, for airborne terrain mapping radar, the assumption may not apply to all cases. For ground-based radar which is imaging an unidentified space object such as a satellite, the rotation speed of the object is usually unknown. Furthermore, for computer vision applications it is also very important to estimate the rotation speed for the purpose of motion estimation. The new algorithm can accurately estimate the rotation speed in most cases. Simulation results show that the average estimation error is less than 0.78%. For 99.33% of the cases, the estimation error is less than 3%. In the worst case, the error is still less than 6.68%.<<ETX>>
Bio-inspired system architecture for energy efficient, BIGDATA computing with application to wide area motion imagery

In this paper we discuss a brain-inspired system architecture for real-time big velocity BIGDATA processing that originates in large format tiled imaging arrays used in wide area motion imagery ubiquitous surveillance. High performance and high throughput is achieved through approximate computing and fixed point arithmetic in a variable precision (6 bits to 18 bits) architecture. The architecture implements a variety of processing algorithms classes ranging from convolutional networks (Con-vNets) to linear and non-linear morphological processing, probabilistic inference using exact and approximate Bayesian methods and ConvNet based classification. The processing pipeline is implemented entirely using event based neuromorphic and stochastic computational primitives. The system is capable of processing in real-time 160 × 120 raw pixel data running on a reconfigurable computing platform (5 Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGAs). The reconfigurable computing implementation was developed to emulate the computational structures for a 3D System on Chip (3D-SOC) that will be fabricated in the 55nm CMOS technology and it has a dual goal: (i) algorithm exploration and (ii) architecture exploration.
Determining 3D structure and motion of man-made objects from image corners

This paper deals with motion estimation from image corner correspondences for two cases: the orthogonal corner and the general corner with known space angles. The contribution of the paper is threefold. First, the three dimensional structure of a corner is recovered easily from its image by introducing a new coordinate system. Second, it is shown that the correspondence of one corner and two points over two views is sufficient to determine the motion uniquely, i.e., the rotation and translation. Third, experiments conducted using both simulated data and real images present good results.
A compact, energy-efficient 240 GHz FMCW radar sensor with high modulation bandwidth

In this paper a highly integrated and compactly built FMCW radar system working at a center frequency of up to 240 GHz is presented. With an ultra wide tuning range of 40 GHz a range resolution down to 3.75 mm based on a -6 dB width of the target peak can be achieved, which enables this radar system for various high precision distance measurement and high resolution imaging applications. With the use of a highly integrated system architecture and on-chip antennas based on a single MMIC in combination with a PTFE lens antenna system, a very robust and compact realization is possible. Due to the full integration of all high frequency components, an open cavity QFN package can be used to mount the MMIC on a cost effective and easy-to-fabricate FR4 substrate, which also allows for quick and easy rework processes or chip replacements. The low power consumption of 3.5 W at a supply voltage of 5 V in addition to the compact, cost effective realization and the high resolution make this radar suitable for industrial applications.
A pilot-aided non-resampling sequential Monte Carlo detector for coded MIMO-OFDM systems

In this paper, we propose a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) symbol detector for differentially encoded multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We first propose the periodic termination of differential phase trellis and it is seen that this method yields advantages that allow us to simplify the pilot-aided SMC detector. Specifically, the resampling step that is present in conventional SMC methods is circumvented, and the multi-dimensional distribution required for sequence imputations reduces to a simple product of one-dimensional likelihood functions and a priori probabilities that are easily obtained from the decoder. This non-resampling SMC detector is applied to both convolutional-coded and low-density parity check (LDPC)-coded MIMO-OFDM systems and simulation results suggest the promising performance of our proposed detector
Case studies in configuration control for redundant robots

A simple approach to configuration control of redundant robots is presented. The redundancy is utilized to control the robot configuration directly in task space, where the task will be performed. A number of task-related kinematic functions are defined and combined with the end-effector coordinates to form a set of configuration variables. An adaptive control scheme is then utilized to ensure that the configuration variables track the desired reference trajectories as closely as possible. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the control scheme. The scheme has also been implemented for direct online control of a PUMA industrial robot, and experimental results are presented. The simulation and experimental results validate the configuration control scheme for performing various realistic tasks.<<ETX>>
Broadband Dual Polarized Antenna Arrays for Mobile Communication Applications

This paper discusses design issues for uniform rectangular antenna arrays and the requirements for channel sounding applications. Two different array realizations are presented. The first array is based on Vivaldi antennas the second on patch antennas. The arrays consist of 32 dual polarization-sensitive radiators. Both arrays operate at 2 GHz, covering the uplink and downlink bands of the UMTS standard. The resulting performance of the arrays is compared and discussed.
Efficient updates in highly available distributed random access memory

With increased network speeds and throughputs, multicomputers (a system of computers connected by a high-speed network) have become an attractive alternative to store important data in their collective random access memory. Erasure codes provide space-optimal data redundancy to protect this type of storage from node unavailability. They have been used in LH*RS, the scalable high availability, distributed version of linear hashing. We present and evaluate a technique that uses the property of linear erasure correcting codes to make updates transactional and concurrent with recovery from one or more node availabilities without locks or two-phase commits. The technique significantly improves on previous work in update speed and also allows for serializable updates to a bucket that is in the process of being recovered
Enabling net-centric diagnostics in the F/A-18 automated maintenance environment

For the past eight years, the AN/USM-681 Electro-Optics Pallet/Pod Tester (EOPT) system has been the main on-aircraft support equipment (SE) item used to test and troubleshoot the AN/ASD-10 Advanced Tactical Aerial Reconnaissance System (ATARS), the AN/ASD-12 Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP), and the AN/ASQ-228 Advanced Targeting Forward Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) Pod. Parts obsolescence issues have caused significant increases in the cost and time to repair and/or procure an EOPT. Developing a replacement for the EOPT was an opportunity to reduce maintenance costs and implement net-centric diagnostics within the F/A-18 automated maintenance environment (AME). This paper describes the first year of a two-year Technology Transition Initiative (TTI) in which the tester hardware was redesigned to mitigate obsolescence by leveraging Local Area Network eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI) technology, and a net-centric diagnostics framework (NCDF) was designed to enable the bi-directional exchange of test data and maintenance data for smarter testing in both the on-aircraft and off-aircraft maintenance environments, leveraging existing technologies, such as Smart TPS.
AMPS: Application aware multipath flow routing using machine learning in SDN

This paper proposes an application-aware multipath flow routing framework that integrates Machine Learning Techniques (MLT) in Software Defined Networks (SDN). Applications generated by the devices are diverse in nature, for each application bandwidth and delay requirements vary. The flows in the network compete for a constrained resource such as bandwidth or low latency path, an intelligent flow routing algorithm becomes a natural demand. Better overall network performance could be achieved only if the network is capable of prioritizing the flows and assign resources based on their application specific requirement. Our proposed, AMPS controller is capable of prioritizing each of the flow using MLT, and assign a path based on its classified priority. AMPS controller supports routing flows through different path even if the flows are between the same pair of nodes. The path finding algorithm employs Yen-K-shortest path algorithm, also it supports scalable flow routing for a large volume of flows. We have implemented the flow routing algorithm in OpenvSwitch as a proof of concept. A significant improvement is observed in comparison to SDN with traditional routing techniques involving a large number of flows. The proposed flow routing algorithm ensures high availability of an unloaded path for high priority flows even in a heavily loaded network.
Evaluating future standards and codes with a focus on high penetration photovoltaic (HPPV) system deployment

High-penetration photovoltaic (PV) system deployment is becoming a reality in several regions of the United States and the trend toward high penetration levels will continue to rise due to decreasing PV system costs in concert with increasing electric utility rates and societal deliberations. New standards and codes for high-penetration PV deployment must be developed, while some existing standards and codes will need to be revised to accommodate increasing levels of PV deployment.
Adhesion and corrosion issues associated with non-conductive ceramic (NCC) coatings

During the past two decades, non-conductive ceramic (NCC) coatings have been widely applied to connectors to prevent cathodic delamination. The ceramic comprising the NCC coating cannot support the electrochemical reactions (such as the reduction of dissolved oxygen to produce hydroxyl ions) that normally cause adhesive bonds to fail under cathodic delamination conditions. While the wide-scale adoption of this technology initially reduced the number and frequency of cable connector debonding failures, an upsurge in cable failures over the last five years has revealed that NCC coatings, as originally designed and implemented, are now much less effective in preventing cathodic delamination. Standard NCC-coated connectors now fail rapidly under cathodic delamination conditions rather than lasting the 10-15 years projected by accelerated life testing results obtained when NCC coatings were first being evaluated. Many recent cable connector failures have been traced to debonds between the NCC coating and the primers used to adhere polyurethane encapsulants to the connectors. While the exact mechanism via which these debonds occur has not yet been definitively established, deterioration of the NCC coating's “seal-coat” layer under the localized highly alkaline conditions that develop during cathodic delamination is believed to play a critical role in the debonding process. Corrosion-based failures of NCC coatings applied to connectors not subjected to cathodic delamination conditions have also been observed. These failures tend to be restricted to connector backshells made from highly corrosion-resistant metals/alloys (e.g., titanium, inconel etc.) and result from dissimilar metals or metal alloys being in contact with each other in seawater-thereby initiating and sustaining a galvanic corrosion cell. The end result of the process is the dissolution of the NCC coating's “metal matching layer”, which undermines the NCC layer and causes it to debond from the connector backshell. Examples of the above debonding scenarios obtained from autopsies of failed cables will be used to emphasize the need for new/improved technologies for preventing the cathodic disbondment of cable connector backshells from their overmolding encapsulants.
Calculation of DC space-charge fields in a traveling-wave amplifier in the large signal regime

A fully two-dimensional (2-D) dc space charge model has been implemented in a large-signal traveling-wave amplifier code. The simulation algorithm takes an iterative approach by alternately solving the Poisson equation and the beam trajectory equations to converge toward a self-consistent steady-state solution. This approach is similar to that employed in steady-state gun codes. However, it is well known from gun simulations that the iterative algorithm can be slow to converge. We have found the slow convergence is due to a convective numerical instability. To speed up convergence, we implemented and tested stabilization schemes based on mixing one-dimensional and 2-D Poisson potentials during the iteration cycles. These schemes are shown to accelerate convergence considerably. The fully 2-D dc space-charge model permits accurate treatment of the axial dc space-charge field in the computation of the large signal gain and efficiency, taking into account the fast variation of beam parameters along the device axis. Therefore, it can be applied to a mismatched beam with large scalloping motion. The methodology of incorporating dc space charge is general and could be incorporated in other large signal codes.
Disk scrubbing in large archival storage systems

Large archival storage systems experience long periods of idleness broken up by rare data accesses. In such systems, disks may remain powered off for long periods of time. These systems can lose data for a variety of reasons, including failures at both the device level and the block level. To deal with these failures, we must detect them early enough to be able to use the redundancy built into the storage system. We propose a process called "disk scrubbing" in a system in which drives are periodically accessed to detect drive failure. By scrubbing all of the data stored on all of the disks, we can detect block failures and compensate for them by rebuilding the affected blocks. Our research shows how the scheduling of disk scrubbing affects overall system reliability, and that "opportunistic" scrubbing, in which the system scrubs disks only when they are powered on for other reasons, performs very well without the need to power on disks solely to check them.