nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring and Understanding the Momentum Aperture in a Storage Ring

The momentum aperture of a storage ring is a very important parameter that strongly influences the performance, especially the beam lifetime. For the special case of synchrotron light sources with small emittance like the Advanced Light Source (ALS), the momentum aperture depends strongly on the transverse dynamics. It is very sensitive to machine conditions such as the tunes, chromaticities, lattice symmetry, and spurious coupling, since depending on those conditions the Touschek scattered particles explore different resonance regions in the phase space. In light sources, the momentum aperture usually also depends strongly on the vertical physical aperture. Applying frequency analysis techniques in simulations and for turn-by-turn orbit measurement data provides a very powerful tool to measure and understand limitations of the dynamic momentum aperture. The techniques presented are applicable to other light sources, as well as damping rings and many types of colliders.
Fashion design conception based on female physical attractiveness

The objective of the study was to provide a new perspective and entry point for creative fashion design. Through analyzing the historical evolution of female physical attractiveness, the interactive evolution of physical beauty and clothing popularity is summarized since ancient Greece to the 21st century. Three basic design techniques, involving bareness, reproduction and exaggeration, which are used in the expression of physical beauty, were put forward. The design process based on the ideal of female physical beauty was described, including decision making of the popular features of physical beauty, the choice of design techniques, and the application of principles and elements of design.
Study on Truck Stowage Planning of Cargo Distribution Center in a Town

The aim of load matching at truck is to make the truck cargo stowage reasonable in volume, weight and loading sequence of a distribution area, to raise efficiency of truck and to reduce costs of the distribution. An effectual truck stowage planning model is built. The model can equilibrate the truck cargo weight and the volume and make the transport resources more effective. The opinion of backtrack programming for use the truck load matching is proposed, which is an important technique for solving combinatorial search problems and can choose suitable cargo for truck in a short time. This technique is proved to be highly effective by examples.
Digital modulation classification using kernel fisher discriminant analysis for reconfigurable software radio

In this paper, a new classification method based on kernel fisher discriminant analysis is used in the digital signals classification. The second, fourth and sixth order cumulants of the received signals are used as the classification vector firstly, then the kernel thought is used to map the feature vector to the high dimensional feature space and linear fisher discriminant analysis is applied to signal classification. The radial basis kernel function is selected and one against one or one against rest of multi-class classifier is designed and method of parameter selection using cross-validating grid is adopted to build an effective and robust KFDA classifier. Through the experiments it can be concluded that compared with SVM classifier, KFDA can get almost the same classification accuracy and requires less time.
Bilateral Back-Projection for Single Image Super Resolution

In this paper, a novel algorithm for single image super resolution is proposed. Back-projection  can minimize the reconstruction error with an efficient iterative procedure. Although it can produce visually appealing result, this method suffers from the chessboard effect and ringing effect, especially along strong edges. The underlining reason is that there is no edge guidance in the error correction process. Bilateral filtering can achieve edge-preserving image smoothing by adding the extra information from the feature domain. The basic idea is to do the smoothing on the pixels which are nearby both in space domain and in feature domain. The proposed bilateral back-projection algorithm strives to integrate the bilateral filtering into the back-projection method. In our approach, the back-projection process can be guided by the edge information to avoid across-edge smoothing, thus the chessboard effect and ringing effect along image edges are removed. Promising results can be obtained by the proposed bilateral back-projection method efficiently.
Microwave dielectric properties of 5Li2O-(Nb1−xMx)2O5-5TiO2 (M=Mo, W, 0<x<0.2) ceramics

5Li<sub>2</sub>O-(Nb<sub>1-x</sub>M<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-5TiO<sub>2</sub> (M=Mo, W, 0<;x<;0.2) ceramics were prepared via solid state method. The phase composition and microwave dielectric properties were studied. There is no Mo-related phase observed even 20 mol% Mo is doped. However, the Li<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> is clearly detected from XRD results for 5Li<sub>2</sub>O-(Nb<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-5TiO<sub>2</sub> (x>0.05). Both Mo and W can lower the sintering temperature. The doped ceramics can be sintered at 1000°C which is 100°C lower than the sintering temperature of pure 5Li<sub>2</sub>O-(Nb<sub>1-x</sub>M<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-5TiO<sub>2</sub> ceramic. The relative permittivity and Q×f value decrease gradually with increasing doping. And best microwave dielectric properties with a relative permittivity of 29 and a quality factor (Q×f) ~7,000 GHz (at 6.5 GHz) is achieved when 5Li<sub>2</sub>O-(Nb<sub>0.95</sub>Mo<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-5TiO<sub>2</sub> is sintered at 1000°C/2h.
Study on System of Systems capability modeling framework based on complex relationship analyzing

System of Systems (SoS) capability has two forms—Capability Requirement (CR) and Capability Property (CP). This paper emphasizes on the emergence process of CP. A double layer CP modeling framework is proposed based on the complexity analyzing of SoS relationships, and the key modeling technique has discussed. The double layer framework addressed a modeling process from micro mechanism modeling to macro behavior distinguishing. The micro mechanism modeling is creating network model of SoS relationship based on analyzing and formalizing SoS complex relationship, and the macro behavior distinguishing is recognizing SoS CP based on aggregating capability index system. The framework researches in SoS internal complex relationship from the prospective of capability, focuses on relationships which have major influence on the CP, and induces the consequence of relationships through nonlinear process modeling.
Multibody grouping via orthogonal subspace decomposition

Multibody structure from motion could be solved by the factorization approach. However, the noise measurements would make the segmentation difficult when analyzing the shape interaction matrix. This paper presents an orthogonal subspace decomposition and grouping technique to approach such a problem. We decompose the object shape spaces into signal subspaces and noise subspaces. We show that the signal subspaces of the object shape spaces are orthogonal to each other. Instead of using the shape interaction matrix contaminated by noise, we introduce the shape signal subspace distance matrix for shape space grouping. Outliers could be easily identified by this approach. The robustness of the proposed approach lies in the fact that the shape space decomposition alleviates the influence of noise, and has been verified with extensive experiments.
The deep-UV operation of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL

In this paper we present the result of the deep-UV lasing with the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL. The OK-4 FEL was initially commissioned in the near-UV at Duke Free Electron Laboratory in November, 1996 followed by a year-long shutdown. After re-establishing the storage ring operation in early 1998, the OK-4 FEL lasing was demonstrated in the wavelength range of 217 to 256 nm in 1998. A number of lasing modes with electron energies ranging from 300 to 750 MeV have been established to accommodate application research.  1998, the coherent deep-UV radiation is used for applications in cornea surgery, cell biology, surface physics, and nuclear physics. In this paper we report the results of the deep-UV lasing with the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL as well as our plans to advance towards the VUV.
InP/InGaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors with 300 GHz F/sub max/

We report InP/InGaAs/InP Double Heterojunction Transistors (DHBTs) with high breakdown voltages in a substrate transfer process. A device with a 400 /spl Aring/ thick graded base, a 500 /spl Aring/ chirped superlattice base-collector grade and a 2500 /spl Aring/ thick InP collector exhibits f/sub /spl tau//=165 GHz and f/sub max/=300 GHz with breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/=6 V at a current density, J/sub e/=1/spl middot/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/. A device with a 400 /spl Aring/ thick graded base, a 500 /spl Aring/ chirped superlattice base-collector grade and a 1500 /spl Aring/ thick InP collector exhibits f/sub /spl tau//=215 GHz and f/sub max/=210 GHz with breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/=4 V at a current density, J/sub e/=1/spl middot/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/.
Effects of damping wigglers on beam dynamics in the NLC damping rings

To achieve the required damping time in the main damping rings for the Next Linear Collider (NLC), a wiggler will be required in each ring with integrated squared field strength up to 110 T/sup 2/m. There are concerns that nonlinear components of the wiggler field will damage the dynamic aperture of the ring, leading to poor injection efficiency. Severe effects from an insertion device have been observed and corrected in SPEAR 2. In this paper, we describe a model that we have developed to study the effects of the damping wiggler, compare the predictions of the model with actual experience in the case of the SPEAR 2 wiggler, and consider the predicted effects of current damping wiggler design on the NLC main damping rings.
View-independent recognition of hand postures

Since the human hand is highly articulated and deformable, hand posture recognition is a challenging example in the research on view-independent object recognition. Due to the difficulties of the model-based approach, the appearance-based learning approach is promising to handle large variation in visual inputs. However, the generalization of many proposed supervised learning methods to this problem often suffers from the insufficiency of labeled training data. This paper describes an approach to alleviate this difficulty by adding a large unlabeled training set. Combining supervised and unsupervised learning paradigms, a novel and powerful learning approach, the Discriminant-EM (D-EM) algorithm, is proposed in this paper to handle the case of a small labeled training set. Experiments show that D-EM outperforms many other learning methods. Based on this approach, we implement a gesture interface to recognize a set of predefined gesture commands, and it is also extended to hand detection. This algorithm can also apply to other object recognition tasks.
An Image Level Set Method for Denoising

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for image denoising. Our method based on image level set and partial differential equations (PDE) operator. The new method is feasible and easy to implement. Moreover, our method can also retain the key information and some fine structures of image. Compared with other traditional methods, our method can serve a definite purpose in reducing more types of noise (Gaussian, Poisson and Salt & Pepper noise). Finally, numerical results show the effectiveness of our method.
Quantum Dash Intermixing

We investigate the intermixing effect in InAs/InAlGaAs quantum-dash-in-well structures grown on InP substrate. Both impurity-free vacancy disordering (IFVD) via dielectric cap annealing, and impurity-induced disordering (IID) using nitrogen ion-implantation techniques have been employed to spatially control the group-III intermixing in the quantum-dash (Qdash) system. Differential bandgap shifts of up to 80 nm and 112 nm have been observed from the IFVD and IID processes, respectively. Compared to the control (nonintermixed) lasers, the light-current characteristics for the 125 nm wavelength shifted Qdash lasers are not significantly changed, suggesting that the quality of the intermixed material is well preserved. The intermixed lasers exhibit a narrower linewidth as compared to the as-grown laser due to the improved dash homogeneity. The integrity of the material is retained after intermixing, suggesting the potential application for the planar integration of multiple active/passive Qdash-based devices on a single InP chip.
Ultrathin low cost EBG structure for insulating UHF RFID tag from metal objects

In this paper, an ultrathin low cost EBG structure is used to insulate the RFID tag antenna from backside objects. The reflection phase of TM waves and the transmission coefficient of a suspended stripline over an EBG surface are both used to simulate the stopband of such structures. A used dipole antenna placed on top of our proposed EBG structure with an ultrathin substrate is simulated by HFSS.
R&D project process model and AGA based scheduling algorithm

Because project scheduling is always under the constraint of resources, the method of coupling activities to cope with activity concurrences and activity iterations in project scheduling faces some difficulties. A process model of R&D projects is presented to satisfy requirements of resource constrained project scheduling. The model considers uncertain activity durations, uncertain activity outcomes, activity concurrences, activity iterations, and complex relations between activities. Furthermore, an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is proposed for optimizing the scheduling strategies and the algorithm is illustrated with a case.
A novel multi-band image interpolation method

A novel multi-band image interpolation method is proposed. It recovers the final image based on Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) rule by using the multi-band image information. Both sub-image features and the multi-band cross-correlated information are used for the estimation. Then we demonstrate the decomposition models which could generate highly-correlated sub-images achieve good performance when adopted in our method. Our method not only considers the properties in sub-images, but incorporates the correlated characteristics among decomposed images in multiple bands, which outperforms conventional single image MMSE estimation methods. Both subjective and objective experimental results prove the validity of our method used in image interpolation.
An improved ant colony algorithm for the dual time windows constraining Job Shop Scheduling Problem

In this paper, we carry out research on a new Job Shop Scheduling problem in production scheduling applications, namely the Dual Time Windows Constraining Job Shop Scheduling problem (DTWJSP), which involves job machining time window constraints and equipment working time window constrains. We regard maximizing the job completion rate as the scheduling objective of DTWJSP and establish a dual time windows constraining job shop scheduling mathematical model, then make detail analysis on scheduling objective and solving complexity. Based on the characteristic and complexity of problem we propose an improved ant colony algorithm, in which we add new solutions using heuristic and stochastic methods except a conventional construction approach in each generation solutions produced by ant colony algorithm. Besides, a neighborhood search method is used to obtain local optimal solution and bi-directional convergence is used in the pheromone update step, this combination of methods effectively avoids local optima and improves the search efficiency. We compare the improved algorithm with classical ant colony algorithm using a variety of instances, the experimental results demonstrated that the improvement is effective and the improved algorithm is feasible and efficient.
Estimating space-variant motion blur without deblurring

Identifying space-variant motion blurs is a very challenging task in blind blur identification research. This paper describes a novel method towards blind identification without deblurring. Based on the image gradients in the alpha-channel component of a blurred color image, an elegant alpha-motion blur constraint is proposed, which is a linear constraint for local motion blur parameters. It makes possible efficient blind identification of space-variant and even nonlinear motion blurs and the estimation of motion blur fields, without deblurring.
Notice of RetractionThe Study of Suitable Operational Item Template Based on Bloom's Taxonomy

Item templates do not solely confined to conventional true & false, multiple choice, completion item and short answer but also includes those of operational ones, for example, link, match, classification, and order. Since not all the same template can fit into testing different knowledge types, and different templates also have their limits in assessing different knowledge types, dilemma then often appears during the course of item-editing. This research further clarifies what type of template is appropriate for a certain knowledge type under Bloom's Taxonomy. The results indicate that (1) Link template is applicable for Remembering type of knowledge; (2) Match template is suitable for Understanding and Applying type of knowledge; and (3) Both Link and Match templates can better evaluate knowledge from the Analyzing type of knowledge. The results of this study provide information for teachers as to what interactive multimedia testing template will best achieve the expected assessment effect.
Teaching method and practice about the course of program language design in college

Program Design is the first course to understand the kernel theory and the programming thought for the freshmen. If they can study well, they will have a good foundation to study later, keep interesting to the computer programming. Otherwise they will lose interest to study programming even be afraid of it. In order to improve teaching quality in the class and make students interest in learning, according to many years of teaching experience, by analyzing the problems in teaching, some recommendations on how to organize the classroom in teaching, how to do exercise on computer and how to do course design after finishing the course are given in this paper. The concept of case teaching method is given in detail; three-levels of training system and a kind of comprehensive assessment system for students are discussed in there. Empirical results show that it can improve students to learn this course initiatively and positively.
MoBI-Box: A next generation Mobile Brain-Body Imaging Platform

MoBI-Box is an inexpensive, portable, and ergonomic desktop system for simultaneously measuring and integrating multiple types of biosignals that transpire at different time scales and levels of organization. It can be assembled from readily available, off-the-shelf components and customized to suit specific needs. It can be implemented in a wide range of settings, including homes, classrooms, clinics, and research labs for only a modest start-up cost (beginning around $1200). MoBI-Box systems are currently in use for a number of training and research applications. This paper will outline an ongoing project to explore the impact of motor imagery on learning of a complex skill with both motoric and conceptual elements - namely, learning Mandarin orthography. Findings have implications for the development of training systems in other specialized domains that require not only kinesthetic expertise, but also specialized knowledge.
Data Management and Analysis of Intelligent Examination Scoring System of Simulation Training System

Simulation training system can improve the trainer's ability, a rapid response and safety operating capability in the operation of real ship, to reduce operation accident of sailing. Intelligent examination scoring system uses the professional theory and practical experience as the evaluation criteria, and analyzes the operator's operation process to realize the automatic scoring through the program algorithm. The rationality of scoring results is mainly related to the quality of the data processing. So, the thesis studies how to manage and analyze the existing data.
Observer-based control predictor for networked control system with uncertain time delays and packet dropouts

Networked control system improves system flexibility, control efficiency and reduces component installation and maintenance cost, however, network-induced time delays and packet dropouts may degrade or even destabilize the system. This paper proposes a novel predictive observer based control strategy to solve this problem. Random time delays and packet dropouts are considered in a more natural way without any limitations in both backward and forward channels. A mixed event-time driven predictive controller is designed to effectively compensate the long delays and lost packets. Stability of newly developed NCS model is analyzed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and guarantee the performance of the closed-loop system.
Forecast studies for financial markets using technical analysis

The forecasting of the financial markets is an area of active research. Several methods have been studied with the aim of predicting future prices of financial instruments. In this paper, the use of technical analysis in forecasting and trading in the foreign exchange market is examined. Specifically, the application of neural networks in predicting future values of the US Dollar vs. British Pound is discussed. These predictions have been utilized in trading strategies and the returns obtained compared with those obtained using traditional technical indicators. The results show that neural networks are capable of predicting exchange rates with low values of mean square error. However, due to the high degree of complexity of the time series, it was not possible to obtain accurate enough predictions so as to generate consistent profits while trading.
Topology control research based on TopDisc algorithm for WSN

Topology control is an important research direction in wireless sensor networks, by selecting a good topology control mechanisms is good for improving the efficiency of network communication and prolonging the life cycle of network. Based on the lack of TopDisc algorithm, gets a improved TopDisc algorithm. The improved algorithm according to the node energy, the effective conduct of cluster head election, and to the appropriate control node transmission power, allowing the formation of clusters is more reasonable, the node energy consumption more evenly.
Research on dynamic behaviors and residual stress field based on LSP of plate materials

Dynamic behaviors and residual stress field based on laser shock processing (LSP) of plate materials are simulated by BEM/FEM. According to dynamic fundamental solutions, dynamic behaviors of plate materials are analyzed by boundary element method (BEM), and the corresponding modal characteristics are obtained before LSP. On the basis of the above analysis, the residual stress field based on LSP of plate materials is simulated by Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical calculating and experiments show that the established method improves modeling precision and efficiency of plate materials, and it can provide theoretical role for process control and optimizing parameters of experimentation by LSP.