nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel design technique for electrical power system of ABT-18 unmanned aerial vehicle

Driven by the absolute demand to optimize unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) performance, decreased maintenance and operating cost as well as increased reliability, enhanced safety, increased power to weight ratio and reduced gas emissions have underscored the aviation industry renewed push towards embracing the concept of the more electric aircraft(MEA) and consequently the all electric aircrafts(AEA).  to a modular central interface control Panel box (CICP) for easy troubleshooting, circuit analysis and to enhance power to weight ratio with a prime focus on increased efficiency. The operation of a controllable load model was also illustrated using an electromechanical servo simulated with the controllable load model, the load magnitude provided a useful illustration of the capability of the dynamic load model to represent highly transient loading conditions. A simulated load profile in conjunction with the power requirement at various flight phases was also discussed based on the design specification of the proposed UAV with the landing phase chosen as the critical point of design in the selected architecture. A summary of both essential and non-essential loads of the aircraft total electrical power requirement was calculated for each phase and the maximum value taken as the critical design requirement of the ABT-18 UAV Electrical Power.
8-channel 20 kHz to 200 MHz Nyquist and compressive sampler in 0.5 μm CMOS

A report is presented on the hardware implementation of a parallel multi-channel sampler in 0.5 μm CMOS technology. The system consists of eight parallel analogue processing channels, each one capable of modulation by a programmable binary chipping sequence. System operation is demonstrated in both Nyquist and compressive sampling of test signals.
Adding Temporal Constraints to XML Schema

If past versions of XML documents are retained, what of the various integrity constraints defined in XML Schema on those documents? This paper describes how to interpret such constraints as sequenced constraints, applicable at each point in time. We also consider how to add new variants that apply across time, so-called nonsequenced constraints. Our approach supports temporal documents that vary over both valid and transaction time, whose schema can vary over transaction time. We do this by replacing the schema with a (possibly time-varying) temporal schema and replacing the document with a temporal document, both of which are upward compatible with conventional XML and with conventional tools like XMLLINT, which we have extended to support the temporal constraints introduced here.
AC space charge effects on beam loading of a cavity

A calculation of the loading of a resonant cavity by an electron beam is presented. This calculation is the first to include all effects of ac space-charge. The fields in the cavity are determined in the presence of the beam, including the effects of higher order structure modes. The formulation also explicitly includes Ramo's space-charge waves of all ranks. The result reduces to the conventional ballistic beam loading result for low beam current. Comparison of the complete theory developed here with the ballistic result demonstrates that the ballistic theory is sufficiently accurate, typically accounting for the quality factor to within 5%, and the resonant frequency to within 1%. In addition, the theory is shown to agree well with particle-in-cell simulations.
An arm-mounted inertial controller for 6DOF input: Design and evaluation

We designed a low-cost arm-mounted wearable 3D input device that uses inertial measurement units. The device is an alternative to tracking systems requiring fixed frames of reference. The device employs two inertial sensors mounted on the arm to derive a 3D cursor position through natural arm movement. We also explore three methods of selection, one entirely software based (dwell, holding the cursor in the target), one using a twist gesture, and one using a button. To address the paucity of research reporting human performance metrics, we quantify the performance of the device through a point-select experiment. Results indicate that throughput was 1.05 to 1.12 bits/s. In contrast, similar studies using conventional 3D trackers (e.g., NaturalPoint OptiTrack) report throughput ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 bits/s. However, error rates for the wearable input device were lower than with the OptiTrack system at 6.8% vs. 13.5%, respectively. A detailed analysis of system performance issues is provided along with design suggestions for future gyro-based input devices.
A theoretical basis for divergence of conventional recursive least squares filters

The authors identify several specific sources of instability in the conventional recursive least squares (CRLS) algorithm. They explore why the algorithm is numerically unstable under fixed-point precision and examine how it can be stabilized. A form of the CRLS algorithm that maintains symmetry in the inverse autocorrelation matrix estimate is first presented, and divergence phenomena are discussed. Several sources of instability are identified as well as practical techniques for combating each instability source. Experimental results that demonstrate the usefulness of these techniques are presented. Initial simulation results indicate that by compensating for the source of numerical instability, it is possible to obtain numerical stability with negligible loss in performance.<<ETX>>
Coupled Dictionary Training for Image Super-Resolution

In this paper, we propose a novel coupled dictionary training method for single-image super-resolution (SR) based on patchwise sparse recovery, where the learned couple dictionaries relate the low- and high-resolution (HR) image patch spaces via sparse representation. The learning process enforces that the sparse representation of a low-resolution (LR) image patch in terms of the LR dictionary can well reconstruct its underlying HR image patch with the dictionary in the high-resolution image patch space. We model the learning problem as a bilevel optimization problem, where the optimization includes an ℓ1-norm minimization problem in its constraints. Implicit differentiation is employed to calculate the desired gradient for stochastic gradient descent. We demonstrate that our coupled dictionary learning method can outperform the existing joint dictionary training method both quantitatively and qualitatively. Furthermore, for real applications, we speed up the algorithm approximately 10 times by learning a neural network model for fast sparse inference and selectively processing only those visually salient regions. Extensive experimental comparisons with state-of-the-art SR algorithms validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
A general framework for PRM motion planning

An important property of PRM roadmaps is that they provide a good approximation of the connectivity of the free C-space. We present a general framework for building and querying probabilistic roadmaps that includes all previous PRM variants as special cases. In particular, it supports no, complete, or partial node and edge validation and various evaluation schedules for path validation, and it enables path customization for variable, adaptive query requirements. While each of the above features is present in some PRM variant, the general framework proposed here is the only one to include them all. Our framework enables users to choose the best approximation level for their problem. Our experimental evidence shows this can result in significant performance gains.
Equilibrium, stability, and transport of electron plasmas in the Columbia Non-neutral Torus

The equilibrium, stability and transport properties of electron plasmas confined on magnetic surfaces in the Columbia Non-neutral Torus are discussed. The equilibrium is characterized by a Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Measured potential and temperature profiles are presented. These plasmas are generally stable but can be destabilized by an ion driven instability that involves the interaction of the ion and electron fluids and has a poloidal mode number of m = 1. The transport of electrons driven by collisions with neutrals is much greater than the neoclassical prediction. A code has been written to follow single particle motion to determine why. Finally, sudden jumps between different equilibria with different transport levels are being investigated.
A simple procedure to solve motion and structure from three orthographic views

In his work on motion analysis, Ullman (1979) showed that for the orthographic case, four-point correspondences over three views are sufficient to determine motion and structure of the four-point rigid configuration. However, his method is nonlinear and the conditions of uniqueness and convergence of his algorithm are not made clear. A simple linear algorithm to solve Ullman's problem of determining motion and structure from three orthographic views is presented. Necessary and sufficient conditions of a unique solution are also given.
Electron rescattering in photoemission from metal tips as a nanoscale probe of near-field enhancement

In the vicinity of nanostructures, the electric field strength of optical and infrared radiation is significantly enhanced. This near-field enhancement allows the localization of electromagnetic energy on a sub-wavelength scale . Because of the nanometric length scale, the coupling of light and matter, and the often unknown exact shape of the nanostructure in question, measuring and simulating optical near-fields has proven hard.
AIDA: A 16-channel amplifier ASIC to read out the advanced implantation detector array for experiments in nuclear decay spectroscopy

We have designed a read-out ASIC for nuclear decay spectroscopy as part of the AIDA project - the Advanced Implantation Detector Array. AIDA will be installed in experiments at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in GSI, Darmstadt. The AIDA ASIC will measure the signals when unstable nuclei are implanted into the detector, followed by the much smaller signals when the nuclei subsequently decay. Implant energies can be as high as 20GeV; decay products need to be measured down to 25keV within just a few microseconds of the initial implants. The ASIC uses two amplifiers per detector channel, one covering the 20GeV dynamic range, the other selectable over a 20MeV or 1GeV range. The amplifiers are linked together by diodes and bypass transistors which are normally switched off. The arrival of a large signal causes saturation of the low-energy amplifier and a fluctuation of the input voltage, which forward biases the link diode to the high-energy amplifier. The bypass transistors switch on and the remainder of the charge is integrated by the high-energy amplifier. The signal is shaped and stored by a peak-hold, then read out on a multiplexed output. Control logic resets the amplifiers and bypass circuit, allowing the low-energy amplifier to measure the subsequent decay signal. We present simulations and test results, demonstrating the AIDA ASIC operation over a wide range of input signals.
A factorization method in stereo motion for non-rigid objects

In this paper we propose a framework of factorization-based non-rigid shape modeling and tracking in stereo-motion. We construct a measurement matrix with the stereo-motion data captured from a stereo-rig. Organized in a particular way this matrix could be decomposed by singular value decomposition (SVD) into the 3D basis shapes, their configuration weights, rigid motion and camera geometry. Accordingly, the stereo correspondences can be inferred from motion correspondences only requiring that a minimum of 3K point stereo correspondences (where K is the dimension of shape basis space) are created in advance. Basically this framework still keeps the property of rank constraints, meanwhile it owns other advantages such as simpler correspondence and accurate reconstruction even with short image sequences. Results with real data are given to demonstrate its performance.
Base selection in estimating sparse foreground in video

We investigate effective means of building robust dictionaries for detecting the sparse foreground in videos with static background. This work is an extension to our existing solution  to foreground/background segmentation problem using the linear programming method  proposed to detect sparse errors in signals, which are created by a known dictionary. The dictionary building methods we study are established robust component analysis techniques in the literature (i.e. k-SVD  & robust-PCA ) as well as a heuristic (running median) inspired by the highly correlated nature of the static video background signal. We compare the effectiveness of the new methods with our original system as well as a baseline method, which is the commonly used single Gaussian model of the background pixels.
Design of a CMOS A2I data converter: Theory, architecture and implementation

We present the design of an analog-to-information (A2I) converter consisting of parallel analog processing channels, whose output is sampled by traditional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The architecture employs a reconfigurable analog front-end that modulates the signal of interest with a high-speed digital chipping sequence and integrates the result prior to sampling at a low rate. This front-end is combined with a digital controller which generates the chipping sequences and processes the digitized samples. The result is a highly versatile architecture that is mapped efficiently on a single CMOS chip.
Development of a data warehouse for non-operational data in power utilities

Power engineers are concerned about the operational data, which would enable the real time monitoring, and control of the power system. However the non-operational data retrievable from the system has a potential to reveal useful information regarding the health of the system and infrastructural flaws in the system. The non-operational data consists of records or logs of multiple events such as series of faults, power fluctuations, disturbances and lightning strikes. The paper describes the concept of data warehousing of non-operational data for a power utility. The value of analyzing non-operational data is elaborated. The identification and sources of non-operational data is established and the methods of collecting the data are elaborated. The user groups who would benefit from the non-operational data are identified. The concept of a data warehouse and the steps involved in the implementation are discussed. Finally, the establishment of a functional data path to transfer the SCADA data to the warehouse is discussed in detail and the retrieval of data is also demonstrated
A realtime shrug detector

A realtime system for shrug detection is discussed in this paper. The system is automatically initialized by a face detector based on Ada-boost [P. Viola and M. Jones, May 2004]. After frontal face is localized by the face detector, shoulder position is detected by fitting a parabola to the nearby horizontal edges using weighted Hough transform [K. Sugawara, 1997]. Since shrug is an action which is defined not only by the distance between face and shoulder but also the relative temporal-spatial changing between them, we propose a parameterizing scheme using two different parabolas, named as "stable parabola" (SP) and "transient parabola" (TP) to characterize the action shrug. Stable parabola represents the mean shoulder position over a long time duration, while transient parabola represents the mean shoulder position of a very short time duration. By using this scheme (only 6 dimensions), we avoid the high dimensional representation of the temporal process-shrug, and therefore make the realtime implementation possible. The shrug detector is then trained in the parameter space using Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA). The experiments show that the proposed shrug detector is able to not only detect the shrug action correctly and efficiently (in realtime), but also tolerate the large in-class variation caused by different subject, different action speed, illumination, partial occlusion, and background clutter. So the proposed realtime shrug detector is promising in video analysis under an uncontrolled environment
Bounds on the bit rate of linear runlength codes (Corresp.)

We define a class of easily implementable suboptimum codes for runlengths of binary facsimile images which we call linear runlength codes because the number of bits we transmit for each run is approximately proportional to its length. Then, assuming the runlengths are geometrically distributed, we derive bounds on the minimum bit rate achievable by linear runlength codes of a given size.
Bubble-Rise Velocity in AC and DC Electrofluidized Beds

The behavior of a single injected bubble in a rectangular air-fluidized bed of glass microspheres has been studied experimentally for the ac and dc applied electric field cases. An empirical dimensionless equation for bubble-rise velocity and bubble volume is reviewed for application below a critical ac electric field strength for significant electromechanical effects. As observed previously, dc experiments in electrofluidized beds are more sensitive to time dependence and to hysteresis effects than are ac experiments, as densely spaced particles tend to become immobilized in the presence of dc electric fields.
A library for managing spatial context using arbitrary coordinate systems

Since location is an important part of context, the management of spatial information is important for many context-aware applications, e.g. the position or the extent of users, sensors, rooms or buildings. Coordinates always have a coordinate system (CS) associated to them. Numerous CSs exist and a lot of them are commonly used, thus conversion becomes a necessity. We introduce a library that implements the OGC simple feature specification and can dynamically cope with different CSs, enabling interoperability between applications, middleware components and data providers. We illustrate functions and features, describe a common CS determination algorithm and point out our lessons learned: avoid transformations, use existing standards but dare to extend them when needed.
Dynamic resource scheduling using Delay time algorithm in Cloud environment

Cloud computing plays a most significant role in Infrastructure as a service providers. There are various services which are being offered for various kinds of requirements for the customers. Cloud broker would be very much engaged in providing profitable outcomes for both the Cloud service provider and the end user. The major problem dealt in cloud computing environment is the lack in utilization of resources due to delay in processing of user request. Our goal is to maximize resource utilization with efficient scheduling strategy. There are various scheduling algorithms for performing scheduling of resources based on the needs of the service provider. In our paper we implement Delay time algorithm which is having its efficient significance in scheduling and allocating the resources effectively. We deploy our cloud environment with Cloud Simulator tool and we use Netbeans IDE and Xampp server for processing with our scheduling process. We can be able to prove that Delay time algorithm (DTA) would be superior to the various scheduling algorithms in terms of efficient resource utilization.
Electromagnetic coupling of microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides to multilayer lossy media

The spectral-domain method is used to analyze the electromagnetic surface-wave-type coupling of microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides to multilayer lossy dielectric media. Detailed analysis of these coupling characteristics and the role of a thin superstrate layer of lossless material in controlling this coupling are important in fully developing the application of microstrip circuit technology in medical and geophysical applications. Numerical results obtained for the dispersion characteristics were found to be in excellent agreement with published data in special cases of coplanar waveguides and slot lines. Results for the spatial distribution of the various field components in a lossy medium are, however, more involved. Specifically it was noticed that the presence of a superstrate of lossless dielectric medium significantly enhances the axial electric field component, thus facilitating a surface-wave type coupling with exponential decay to the lossy medium.<<ETX>>
An eigen-analysis of a compact L-quad antenna array for direction finding

The aim of this paper is to analyze the coupling between elements in an array designed for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation for different arrangements, using an eigen-analysis approach. When designing an array for applications such as DoA estimation, it is important not only to focus on the antenna performance but also to analyze parameters such as the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB), which will be reviewed in this work for direction finding. The connection between the CRLB and the coupling between elements in an antenna array will be drawn using the eigenefficiencies computed. The paper focuses on compact antenna arrays, and their performance for several inter-elements spacing will be analyzed in order to evaluate the array configuration that renders both maximum direction finding capability and maximum radiation efficiency.
An implementation of the LMS adaptive filter using an SIMD multiprocessor ring architecture

A new architecture for a Single-Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) implementation of the LMS adaptive algorithm is investigated. This is denoted as a ring architecture, due to its physical configuration, and it effectively solves the latency problem often associated with prediction error feedback in adaptive filters. The multiprocessor ring efficiently updates the filter input vector by operating as a pipeline structure, while behaving as a parallel structure in computing the filter output and applying the weight adaptation algorithm. Lastly, individual processor timing and capacity considerations are examined.
A digital neural network architecture for VLSI

An approach to solving the two most serious shortcomings of previous artificial neural network implementations is discussed. A flexible architecture that permits the realization of arbitrary network topologies and dimensions is presented. Furthermore, the performance of this architecture is independent of the size of the network and permits the processing of typically 100000 patterns per second. The key innovation is the representation of neuron activations and synaptic weights as stochastic functions of time, leading to efficient implementations of the synapses. High densities of synapses per silicon area, exceeding even analog implementations, have been achieved. Finally, the neuron activations are represented digitally, as are the synaptic computations, thereby permitting fabrication of digital neural network architectures using a variety of standard, low-cost semiconductor processes. A pair of general-purpose chips (SU3232 and NU32) that permit post facto construction of neural networks of arbitrary topology and virtually unlimited dimensions is presented
Developing a speaker identification system for the DARPA RATS project

This paper describes the speaker identification (SID) system developed by the Patrol team for the first phase of the DARPA RATS (Robust Automatic Transcription of Speech) program, which seeks to advance state of the art detection capabilities on audio from highly degraded communication channels. We present results using multiple SID systems differing mainly in the algorithm used for voice activity detection (VAD) and feature extraction. We show that (a) unsupervised VAD performs as well supervised methods in terms of downstream SID performance, (b) noise-robust feature extraction methods such as CFCCs out-perform MFCC front-ends on noisy audio, and (c) fusion of multiple systems provides 24% relative improvement in EER compared to the single best system when using a novel SVM-based fusion algorithm that uses side information such as gender, language, and channel id.