nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite time terminal sliding mode control for a class of time delay systems

A fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for a class of linear systems with distributed delays in state and control variables. By properly designing a state transformation and a predictor, the given system can be changed into a time-delay free. The proposed terminal sliding manifold is given using the recursive mechanism. It is shown that by suitably choosing the parameters of the fast terminal sliding modes, system state variables would reach the fast terminal sliding manifold within a desired finite time and stay there forever, resulting in the convergence to equilibrium in a finite time. The global stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed and the singularity problem usually existed in the terminal sliding mode control is avoided. Although the proposed control strategy is sliding mode based, the control signal is continuous except at a single discontinuous point. Chattering phenomenon commonly associated with sliding mode control does not occur.
System security enhancement against voltage collapse via coordinated control

In this paper, the problem of analytically coordinating dissimilar voltage control actions to prevent voltage collapse in a large power system is addressed. A framework for hybrid control based on coordination of controls with different response time and dynamic characteristics is presented. The proposed method is based on a security constrained steady-state approach. The minimum distance from the operating point to the bifurcation boundary is used to evaluate system security. The optimal corrective control direction towards adequate security is then obtained by calculating the sensitivity of the minimum distance with respect to controls. The actual dispatch of controls along the optimal direction, which takes into account impacts of economic cost and control availability, is determined as the solution of a multiple stage optimization problem using differential dynamic programming. The algorithm is demonstrated for a system with dynamic load models representing the main grid of the New South Wales,
High-Q Bismuth-Silicate Nonlinear Glass Microsphere Resonators

The fabrication and characterization of a bismuth-silicate glass microsphere resonator has been demonstrated. At wavelengths near 1550 nm, high-modes can be efficiently excited in a 179-μm diameter bismuth-silicate glass microsphere via evanescent coupling using a tapered silica fiber with a waist diameter of circa 2 μm. Resonances with Q-factors as high as were observed. The dependence of the spectral response on variations in the input power level was studied in detail to gain an insight into power-dependent thermal resonance shifts. Because of their high nonlinearity and high- factors, bismuth-silicate glass microspheres offer the potential for robustly assembled fully integrated all-optical switching devices.
Determination of Biomedicine Resource of Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Masson Pine(Pinus Massoniana L.) Wood by Py-GC/MS

The extractives from masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) bark has been used in medicine successfully. Therefore, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovery of benzene/ethanol extractives of masson pine wood. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main and abundant constituents of 590deg pyrolysis product of masson pine wood werel-phenanthrene carboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1- methylethyl)- 1(31.66%), oleic Acid (20.63%), pimaric acid (10.24%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (5.99%), (1-chlorovinyl)triethylsilane (1.92%), 9,17-octadecadienal, (Z)- (1.82%), 9,10-anthracenedione, 1-amino-2-methyl-(1.70%), oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (1.55%), oleic acid (1.46%), benzaldehyde, 3-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]- (1.40%), hexadecanoic acid(4.40%), cedrol(1.23%), 9-octadecenal, (Z)- (1.22%), octadecanoic acid (0.97%), ergosta-4,6,22-trien-3.beta.- ol(0.83%), .gamma.-Sitosterol(0.57%), etc. The analytic result suggested that the benzene/ethanol extractives of masson pine wood can be used as materials of biomedicine, skin care and cosmetic, flavor and bioenergy.
Maximum likelihood direction-finding in unknown noise environments

In array signal processing, most high resolution methods are established based on the spatially white noise model. However, in real environments, the noise model is often either unknown or undeterminable. This may cause the high resolution methods severe degradation in performance. In the paper, under the assumption that noise correlation is spatially limited, using two separated arrays, the authors propose a maximum likelihood method for the directions of arrival (DOA) estimation in unknown noise environments.
Adaptive Fusion of Gait and Face for Human Identification in Video

Most work on multi-biometric fusion is based on static fusion rules which cannot respond to the changes of the environment and the individual users. This paper proposes adaptive multi-biometric fusion, which dynamically adjusts the fusion rules to suit the real-time external conditions. As a typical example, the adaptive fusion of gait and face in video is studied. Two factors that may affect the relationship between gait and face in the fusion are considered, i.e., the view angle and the subject-to-camera distance. Together they determine the way gait and face are fused at an arbitrary time. Experimental results show that the adaptive fusion performs significantly better than not only single biometric traits, but also those widely adopted static fusion rules including SUM, PRODUCT, MIN, and MAX.
Parallel implementation of power system transient stability analysis

Power system transient stability analysis (TSA) is computationally intensive and the need for its online use has spurred much research in finding faster solution methods, more recently by using parallel computers. Research in parallel algorithms has shown that the TSA solution can be made faster by about a magnitude. However, using new algorithms for TSA implies major modifications, or even the complete rewriting, of existing TSA production grade programs in which significant effort has been invested over the years. This paper shows how the most well-known and fastest sequential algorithm used by many production grade programs can be parallelized and then easily implemented. Such implementation, first on an university research grade program and then on a production grade program that is in daily industrial use, demonstrates that almost a magnitude speedup can be obtained not only in theory, but in real practice.
A Versatile OCP Control Scheme for Discontinuous Conduction Mode Flyback AC/DC Converters

This study presents a versatile over current protection (OCP) control scheme, which can be widely used in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) flyback converters. The proposed scheme can not only reduce the variation of output current caused by different line voltages, but also improve the performance of DCM converters in start-up, dynamic response, and the overload protection (OLP) process. It consists of an OCP compensation circuit and a current-pump circuit. Instead of being a constant value, the peak voltage across the sense resistor in a converter that uses the proposed circuit will oscillate with time when the converter regulates a constant output current. To verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed circuit, an IC controller that uses the proposed OCP circuit has been designed and fabricated in 0.35-μm 5-V/40-V high-voltage CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the constant output current precision of the prototype is within ±1% when the input line voltage changes from 90 to 265 Vac. In other tests including start-up, dynamic response, and the OLP process, the performance of the proposed prototype shows an improvement of 9%–19% over conventional converters.
High sensitivity temperature sensor based on a polymer filled hollow core optical fibre interferometer

A high-sensitivity temperature sensor based on a singlemode-multimode-polymer filled hollow core fibre-multimode-singlemode (SMHMS) fibre structure is proposed. This sensor was made from a short section of hollow core fibre filled with a high thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) polymer with a refractive index close to that of the fibre cladding, fusion spliced between two singlemode-multimode (SM) fibre structures. This sensor effectively improves the temperature sensitivity by over 200 times by comparison to a conventional singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fibre structure. In this report, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed sensor provides a high temperature sensitivity of 2.16 nm/°C.
Light Coupling Between a Singlemode- Multimode-Singlemode (SMS) Fiber Structure and a Long Period Fiber Grating

We propose a novel optical coupling technique based on evanescent field coupling between a singlemode- multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure and a long period fiber grating (LPFG). By parallel placement of the two fiber sections in close proximity to each other, the excited multi-cladding modes from the SMS fiber section can be selectively coupled to the guided mode in the LPFG, and vice versa. A theoretical analysis based for such a structure is undertaken and the simulated results are verified by experiments demonstrating a maximum coupling efficiency of up to 1.66% (which could be improved to 27.5% in theory) over a broadband resonance (42 nm with a 3 dB bandwidth).
Finite-time tracking controller design for a general class of nonholonomic systems

A design scheme of the finite-time tracking controller is given for a general class of nonholonomic systems including extended chained systems, extended power systems, underactuated surface systems, etc. By introducing a time-varying state transformation based on the concept of minimal dilation degree, this class of nonholonomic systems is transformed into a linear time-varying control systems. The combination of the switching technique and the terminal sliding mode control scheme with finite-time convergence result in the accurately track for the reference model in finite time under two control laws. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the finite-time tracking control of nonholonomic systems.
Support for Dynamic Adaptation in Next Generation Packet Processing Systems

Designs of next-generation Internet architectures propose a diverse and changing set of features in the data path of routers. These routers require high-performance programmable packet processing platforms to allow for dynamic feature deployment and adaptation. In this paper, we present programming abstractions that quantifies processing and storage of network services. We further devise a runtime environment that provides the ability of adaptation to dynamically deployed network services and varying network traffic.
Application of feflow to groundwater contamination simulation in Xinfeng coal mine

Groundwater has been seriously contaminated in Xinfeng coalmine. Three-dimensional flow and pollutants transport models in Xinfeng coal mine were built up by using Feflow software. A large number of groundwater monitoring and research reports were consulted so as to provide data for models. Detailed water table and pollutants monitoring data were used to calibrate the models. The models calibrated were used to predict pollutants concentrations and dispersion within the coming 5 years under different pump rates in aquifer of limestone of upper Taiyuan Formation. The results indicated that it is caused a certain extent contamination by pollutants, however, it is reflected that groundwater contaminated is difficult to remediate.
FEM simulation and harmonic torque analysis of six-phase BLDC motor

This paper introduces a time stepping finite element analysis (FEA) model coupling circuit-field and movement used in analyzing multi-phase permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motors, presents the element analysis about the coupling problem of control circuit and field, adopts the interpolation moving boundary method to solve rotation problem of the rotor, and employs the above model to analyze the performance of a multi-phase BLDC motor. Simulation and experiment research on the key factors producing the torque—back EMF and current waveform are performed, and the harmonic torques of six-phase BLDC motor are analyzed and deduced. Finally the conclusion is obtained that the sinusoidal harmonic torques can be decreased or removed by reducing the lagging angles of current.
A dynamic compilation framework for controlling microprocessor energy and performance

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective technique for controlling microprocessor energy and performance. Existing DVFS techniques are primarily based on hardware, OS time-interrupts, or static-compiler techniques. However, substantially greater gains can be realized when control opportunities are also explored in a dynamic compilation environment. There are several advantages to deploying DVFS and managing energy/performance tradeoffs through the use of a dynamic compiler. Most importantly, dynamic compiler driven DVFS is fine-grained, code-aware, and adaptive to the current microarchitecture environment. This paper presents a design framework of the run-time DVFS optimizer in a general dynamic compilation system. A prototype of the DVFS optimizer is implemented and integrated into an industrial-strength dynamic compilation system. The obtained optimization system is deployed in a real hardware platform that directly measures CPU voltage and current for accurate power and energy readings. Experimental results, based on physical measurements for over 40 SPEC or Olden benchmarks, show that significant energy savings are achieved with little performance degradation. SPEC2K FP benchmarks benefit with energy savings of up to 70% (with 0.5% performance loss). In addition, SPEC2K INT show up to 44% energy savings (with 5% performance loss), SPEC95 FP save up to 64% (with 4.9% performance loss), and Olden save up to 61% (with 4.5% performance loss). On average, the technique leads to an energy delay product (EDP) improvement that is 3times-5times better than static voltage scaling, and is more than 2times (22% vs. 9%) better than the reported DVFS results of prior static compiler work. While the proposed technique is an effective method for microprocessor voltage and frequency control, the design framework and methodology described in this paper have broader potential to address other energy and power issues such as di/dt and thermal control
Microdisk Resonator With Negative Thermal Optical Coefficient Polymer for Refractive Index Sensing With Thermal Stability

In this paper, we propose a microdisk resonator with negative thermal optical coefficient (TOC) polymer for refractive index (RI) sensing with thermal stability. The transmission characteristics and sensing performances by using quasi-TE<sub>01</sub> and quasi-TM<sub>01</sub> modes are simulated by a three-dimensional finite element method. The influences of the TOC, RI, and thickness of the polymer on the sensing performances are also investigated. The simulation results show that the RI sensitivity <italic>S<sub>n</sub></italic> and temperature sensitivity <italic> S<sub>T</sub></italic> with different polymers are in the ranges of 25.1–26 nm/RIU and 67.3–75.2 pm/K for the quasi-TE<sub>01</sub> mode, and 94.5–110.6 nm/RIU and 1.2–51.3 pm/K for the quasi-TM<sub>01 </sub> mode, respectively. Moreover, figure-of-merit of the temperature sensing for the quasi-TM<sub>01</sub> mode is in the range of 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup>–8 × 10<sup>–3</sup>, which can find important application in the implementation of the adiabatic devices.
Py-GC/MS Analysis on Bioenergy Resource of Eucalyptus Urograndis Wood

As the most abundant renewable forestry resource in South China, Eucalyptus urograndis wood is most suitable for bioenergy. Therefore, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the components from pyrolysis products of Eucalyptus urograndis wood. After treated with freeze-drying, the comminuted power of Eucalyptus urograndis wood was pyrolyzed in He atmosphere at 590square, then the pyrolysis product was analyzed by online linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization, and 38 compounds representing 99.35% were identified. The main and abundant constituents were carbon dioxide (59.93%), ethene, ethoxy- (18.73%), 1,6-anhydro-.beta.-D-glucopyranose (4.58%), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(l-propenyl)- (4.19%), cedrol (3.14%), thylene oxide (2.33%), glycidol (1.23%), 1H-3a,7-methanoazulene, 2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl- (1.16%), butanal (1.13%), ethanone, 1-phenyl-, oxime (0.59%), and so on. So pyrolysis products of Eucalyptus urograndis wood could be used to bioenergy, bio-pesticides, expensive chemicals, and so on.
The characterization of photoresist shrinkage difference in X-Y directions with CDSEM metrology

As IC industry moves forward along with critical dimension (CD) continuously scaling down, the inline CD error budgets become tighter to meet device demands, and thus its performance requirements for CD measurement also become more stringent. And Scanning electron microscope for CD metrology (CD-SEM) has been a mainstream metrology tool for CD measurement during inline production and offline CD data collections for the model setup of optical proximity correction (OPC). As reported in many papers and well known to the industry, photoresist (PR) shrinkage has been a big issue during CD measurement after development inspections (ADI) since it greatly impacts the accuracy and precision of CD metrology. In this paper, we focus on one interesting phenomenon about PR X-Y shrinkage at different rates under the exposure of e-beam irradiations when measuring two-dimensional (2D) features with CDSEM. In current applications of advanced devices, there are more and more complicated 2D structures, which requires efficient and accuracy CD metrology during productions or OPC model creations. During the measurement of square 2D features in ArF or ArF immersion processes, we have found there are about 2~8nm X-Y CD difference in one ADI image, even if CDSEM had been well calibrated for X-Y magnification and astigmatism. We confirmed above results in neighboring exposure shots of same wafers by rotating 90 degree, and same CD difference found in X-Y directions. Plus, we also verified inline wafers after etching inspections (AEI), but no obvious X-Y CD difference was found. These facts told us one story that above X-Y CD difference should be from measurement itself and dedicated to ADI process. After a series of elaborate DOE experiments based on different substrates with ADI and AEI splits, we have clarified the underlying mechanism. The results of our study will be presented and discussed.
Research on Volatile Code Rate of Inter-satellite Communication System in Micro-satellite Formation-flying Constellation

This paper bases on three micro-satellites which formationally fly on a same orbit and perform three dimension solid mapping for terra. The calculating formula of LEO formation-flying satellite inter-satellite links is guided according to the special require of formation-flying micro-satellite inter-satellite links. A new communication project, which changes code rate according to the inter-satellite communication distance, is brought forward to suit this situation. And the simulation of volatile code rate inter-satellite communication system for micro-satellite formation-flying constellation is performed.
Generation of Multiple Mid-Infrared Wavelengths by Soliton Fission in a Photonic Crystal Fiber

Higher-order solitons are formed by coupling femtosecond pulses into the fundamental mode of a highly nonlinear silica photonic crystal fiber (HNL-SPCF) fabricated in our laboratory. It is experimentally observed that the higher-order solitons break up into a series of stable and broadband discrete fundamental solitons at the mid-infrared wavelength longer than 2000 nm through the process of soliton self-frequency shift due to the perturbations induced by the higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects. The maximum soliton red-shift and the tunable wavelength range can be up to 1600 nm and over 400 nm, respectively. The nonlinear dynamic processes of femtosecond pulse breakup are consistent with the solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This multiple stable and broadband mid-infrared wavelengths generated in such an HNL-SPCF can be used as all-fiber multiwavelength ultrashort pulse sources for multiphoton microscopy and ultrafast photonics.
Study on Low-Toxicity Fire-Retardant Treated Technology of Wood

Wood is widely used as the materials for architecture, furniture and interor decoration. However, the conflagration is so serious that the fire retardant treatment has become urgent for wood materials. As more and more stress is laid on health and environment protection, fire retardant develops toward low toxicity and smoke suppression. In order to explore a low-toxic and highly-efficient fire retarding treatment technology, Eucalyptus.sp. and Choerospondias axillaris(Roxb.) wood were chosen as experiment materials, and a low-toxic fire-retardant solution consisting of dicyandiamide, phosphoric acid, boric acid, and triethanolamine was applied. The influence factors including concentration(A), temperature(B), pressure(C), soaking time(D) were investigated with orthogonal method, and TG and DSC evaluation were conducted. What's more, the oxygen index and smoke density were measured to seek for the best treatment technique. The results are as follows: (1) On the one hand, FRW itself contains no heavy metal, formaldehyde or any other toxic substance, therefore, it won't pollute the environment or hazard people's health when in use. On the other hand, barely smoke or toxic gas generate during the pyrolysis process of the wood treated with fire retardant. Therefore, FSW is a low-toxic fire retardant. In addition, it also has good fire retardant properties. (2) The best production condition for Eucalyptus sp. was A3B3ClD2,and the best production condition for Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) was A3B3C3D1.
Polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top response

A polymer-based compact comb filter with flat top spectral characteristics is reported. A design equation has been derived from which the values of the device parameters can be optimized to render the desired performance characteristics of the filter. The polymer waveguide version of this filter has been fabricated and its experimental spectral characteristics agree very well with the theoretical one. This filter is compact with dimensions 26 /spl times/ 8 mm/sup 2/ because no cascade of unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers is used. Its flat top extends to 50% of the channel width and channel isolation is 22 dB. The filter covers both the C-band and L-band wavelength range with channel spacing 1.6 nm.