nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Over-complete representation and fusion for semantic concept detection

Automatic semantic concept detection in images is a promising tool for alleviating the user effort in annotating and cataloging digital media collections. It enables automatic identification of people, places and objects, for enhanced indexing and searching of home photographs, for example. While constructing robust semantic detectors has been shown feasible for global generic concepts with a sufficient number of good training examples (e.g., indoors, outdoors), many interesting concepts, such as face, people, occur at subpicture granularity, occupy only a portion of the image and therefore frequently have training examples with a reduced signal-to-noise ratio. Such regional concepts are harder to detect due to imperfections in automatic image segmentation algorithms leading to inaccurate object boundaries and low-level feature ambiguities. In this paper we focus on the problem of boosting detection performance of existing regional concept detectors by exploiting detection redundancy. Specifically, we propose to use the same detector multiple times to evaluate and combine multiple detection hypotheses for the same content-but at different content granularities-in order to reduce detection sensitivity to segmentation errors. We validate the approach using support vector machine classifiers for 14 regional semantic concepts from the NISTTRFCVID 2003 common annotation lexicon and show performance improvements of multigranular detection and fusion.
Vanadium alloys for the radiative divertor program of DIII-D

Vanadium alloys provide an attractive solution for fusion power plants as they exhibit a potential for low environmental impact due to low level of activation from neutron fluence and a relatively short half-life. They also have attractive material properties for use in a reactor. General Atomics along with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has developed a plan to utilize vanadium alloys as part of the Radiative Divertor Project (RDP) modification for the DIII-D tokamak. The goal for using vanadium alloys is to provide a meaningful step towards developing advanced materials for fusion power applications by demonstrating the in-service behavior of a vanadium alloy (V-4Cr-4Ti) in a tokamak in conjunction with developing essential fabrication technology for the manufacture of full-scale vanadium alloy components. A phased approach towards utilizing vanadium in DIII-D is being used starting with small coupons and samples, advancing to a small component, and finally a portion of the new double-null, slotted divertor will be fabricated from vanadium alloy product forms. A major portion of the program is research and development to support fabrication and resolve key issues related to environmental effects.
The MPEG Query Format: Unifying Access to Multimedia Retrieval Systems

The growth of multimedia is increasing the need for standards for accessing and searching distributed repositories. The moving picture experts group (MPEG) is developing the MPEG query format (MPQF) to standardize this interface as part of MPEG-7. The objective is to make multimedia access and search easier and interoperable across search engines and repositories. This article describes the MPQF and highlights some of the ways it goes beyond today's query languages by providing capabilities for multimedia query-by-example and spatiotemporal queries.
Decoding image semantics using composite region templates

The authors present a method for decoding image semantics using composite region templates (CRTs). The CRTs define prototypal spatial arrangements of regions and features in the images. The system classifies unknown images by matching the strings of regions extracted from the images to the templates in a CRT library. They describe the process for generating the CRTs from photographic images by automatically segmenting the images into color regions. They demonstrate that the system performs well in classifying images from ten semantic classes and in searching for images in a large collection.
Russian microwave capabilities: a firsthand report

A visit by the authors to Russia included research and manufacturing facilities in Moscow, Nizhniy Novgorod, and St. Petersburg. The purpose of the visit was to assess Russian microwave technology and the feasibility of contracting for research and development which might assist US Defense efforts. The firms visited include a wide variety of technology. The paper reports the characteristics of air defense radar which the Russians are currently marketing world-wide. Also discussed is the work on gyroklystrons Gigawatt X-band transmitters, and plasma applications and technology.
Design of the advanced divertor pump cryogenic system for DIII-D

The design of the cryogenic system for the DIII-D advanced divertor cryocondensation pump is presented. The advanced divertor incorporates a baffle chamber and bias ring located near the bottom of the DIII-D vacuum vessel. A 50000-l/s cryocondensation pump will be installed underneath the baffle for plasma particle exhaust. The pump consists of a liquid-helium-cooled tube operating at 4.3 K and a liquid-nitrogen-cooled radiation shield. Liquid helium is fed by forced flow through the cryopump. Compressed helium gas flowing through the high-pressure side of a heat exchanger is regeneratively cooled by the two-phase helium leaving the pump. The cooled high-pressure gaseous helium is then liquefied by a Joule-Thomson expansion valve. The liquid is returned to a storage dewar. The liquid nitrogen for the radiation shield is supplied by forced flow from a bulk storage system. Control of the cryogenic system is accomplished by a programmable logic controller.<<ETX>>
Automatic Curation of Golf Highlights Using Multimodal Excitement Features

The production of sports highlight packages summarizing a game’s most exciting moments is an essential task for broadcast media. Yet, it requires labor-intensive video editing. We propose a novel approach for auto-curating sports highlights, and use it to create a real-world system for the editorial aid of golf highlight reels. Our method fuses information from the players’ reactions (action recognition such as high-fives and fist pumps), spectators (crowd cheering), and commentator (tone of the voice and word analysis) to determine the most interesting moments of a game. We accurately identify the start and end frames of key shot highlights with additional metadata, such as the player’s name and the hole number, allowing personalized content summarization and retrieval. In addition, we introduce new techniques for learning our classifiers with reduced manual training data annotation by exploiting the correlation of different modalities. Our work has been demonstrated at a major golf tournament, successfully extracting highlights from live video streams over four consecutive days.
Beyond Mahalanobis distance: Learning second-order discriminant function for people verification

People verification is a challenging and important task which finds many applications in modern surveillance and video retrieval systems. In this problem, metric learning approaches have played an important role by trying to bridge the semantic gap between image features and people's identities. However, we believe that the traditional Mahalanobis distance is limited in capturing the diversity of visual phenomenon, and hence insufficient for complicated tasks such as people verification. In this paper, we introduce a novel discriminant function which generalizes the classical Mahalanobis distance. Our approach considers a quadratic function directly on the space of image pairs. The resulting decision boundary is therefore in a general shape and not limited to ellipsoids enforced by Mahalanobis distance. To achieve computational efficiency, we develop a generalized SVM-type solver in dual space. Experimental results on the “Labeled Faces in the Wild” dataset show that our method outperforms the classical Mahalanobis distance in the people verification problem.
Performance of the spiral line induction accelerator

A proof-of-concept experiment (POCE) to demonstrate the performance of a novel recirculating induction accelerator has been completed. The Spiral Line Induction Accelerator employs a unique combination of features (spiral beamline, shielded off-axis gaps, and stellarator focussing fields) which permits efficient, high-current operation with a compact device. Initial experiments demonstrated acceleration of 2 and 10 kA beams to 5.5 MeV and acceleration of a 12.5 kA beam to 4.5 MeV by transport around a full turn with two passes through a single accelerating unit. Recent tests with the completed POCE hardware achieved the program goal with acceleration of a 2.4 kA beam to 9.5 MeV.
Imbalanced RankBoost for efficiently ranking large-scale image/video collections

Ranking large scale image and video collections usually expects higher accuracy on top ranked data, while tolerates lower accuracy on bottom ranked ones. In view of this, we propose a rank learning algorithm, called Imbalanced RankBoost, which merges RankBoost and iterative thresholding into a unified loss optimization framework. The proposed approach provides a more efficient ranking process by iteratively identifying a cutoff threshold in each boosting iteration, and automatically truncating ranking feature computation for the data ranked below. Experiments on the TRECVID 2007 high-level feature benchmark show that the proposed approach outperforms RankBoost in terms of both ranking effectiveness and efficiency. It achieves an up to 21% improvement in terms of mean average precision, or equivalently, a 6-fold speedup in the ranking process.
Transient currents and torques in wound-rotor induction motors using the finite-element method

The authors describe a time-stepping finite-element technique for modelling transient torques and currents in a slip-ring induction motor. The method is based on a coupled fields and circuit equation approach that allows the winding inductances to be modified to account for certain three-dimensional effects. The numerical solution incorporates a moving rotor so that slotting and saturation effects can be modelled accurately. The method is verified by direct comparison with experimental results obtained from a motor subjected to a supply reconnection at speed. It is shown that the general method can be extended in a straightforward manner to accommodate cage induction motors.
Adapting content to client resources in the Internet

We address the delivery of composite multimedia documents, namely Web pages, over the Internet to clients with diverse resources and capabilities. We do so by adapting the multimedia content to meet the client device characteristics. We model the adaptation process as a resource allocation problem in a generalized rate-distortion framework. In this framework, we address the issue of both multiple media types in a Web document and multiple resource types at the client. We extend this framework to allow prioritization on the content items in a Web document. We illustrate our content adaptation technique with a Web server that adapts multimedia news stories to clients as diverse as workstations, PDAs and cellular phones.
Fluidic self-assembly of microstructures and its application to the integration of GaAs on Si

A new technique for the self-assembly of microstructures is demonstrated in this paper. Freed microstructures suspended in a fluid are assembled onto a host substrate by fluidic transport. The microstructures are fabricated with specific binding features. They are freed from their original substrate by sacrificial etching and transferred into an inert carrier fluid. Before the microstructures are freed, they can also be bonded to an intermediate substrate where their original-substrate is removed. This provides access to the other side of the microstructures for processing before they are freed into the carrier fluid. The fluid is then dispensed onto a host substrate with specific features to control the positioning and the orientation of the microstructures. In this way an abundance of microstructures can be made in advance and assembled onto the substrates as desired. This is especially advantageous for the integration of microstructures and substrates made of incompatible material systems, e.g. GaAs on Si. Microstructures can be fabricated densely packed on the substrate prior to freeing, and the fluid containing them can be recycled to minimize waste. Also, different types of devices can be simultaneously placed at different positions on the host substrates by using selective features that differentiate among devices features.
Intense electron beam sources for flash radiography

High intensity pulsed electron beams are used to create bremsstrahlung x-ray sources for flash radiographic interrogation of dynamic experiments. Typical industrial sources operate below 200 GW/cm2 intensities, while experimental requirements can demand above 50 TW/cm2. Recent developments in pulsed power-driven high intensity electron beam systems have significantly increased these operating regimes, demonstrating 20 TW/cm2, and computations predict successful extrapolation to higher intensities. Detailed studies of electron beam configurations, both theoretical and experimental, and the prognosis for each to increase to the required levels is discussed.
Cygnus performance in subcritical experiments

The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources with the following specifications: 4-rad dose at 1 m, 1-mm spot size, 50-ns pulse length, 2.25-MeV endpoint energy. The facility is located in an underground tunnel complex at the Nevada Test Site. Here SubCritical Experiments (SCEs) are performed to study the dynamic properties of plutonium , . The Cygnus sources were developed as a primary diagnostic for these tests. Since SCEs are single-shot, high-value events - reliability and reproducibility are key issues. Enhanced reliability involves minimization of failure modes through design, inspection, and testing. Many unique hardware and operational features were incorporated into Cygnus to insure reliability. Enhanced reproducibility involves normalization of shot-to-shot output also through design, inspection, and testing. The first SCE to utilize Cygnus, Armando, was executed on May 25, 2004. A year later, April - May 2005, calibrations using a plutonium step wedge were performed. The results from this series were used for more precise interpretation of the Armando data. In the period February - May 2007 Cygnus was fielded on Thermos, which is a series of small-sample plutonium shots using a one-dimensional geometry. Pulsed power research generally dictates frequent change in hardware configuration. Conversely, SCE applications have typically required constant machine settings. Therefore, while operating during the past four years we have accumulated a large database for evaluation of machine performance under highly consistent operating conditions. Through analysis of this database Cygnus reliability and reproducibility on Armando, Step Wedge, and Thermos is presented.
Active learning for simultaneous annotation of multiple binary semantic concepts [video content analysis]

A model-based approach to video analysis requires annotated corpora. Video annotation, however is a very expensive process. Tools that allow users to annotate video shots with scenes, events, and objects should minimize user interaction. These tools should particularly leverage redundancy in content and advances in machine learning and human computer intelligence to reduce the amount of human interaction needed to annotate large corpora. As corpora sizes and the lexicon grows, this is increasingly relevant. Active learning can play a critical role in reducing the amount of supervision. We apply active learning to the simultaneous annotation of multiple binary concepts. The challenge is to minimize the total number of samples to be annotated across all concepts. Preliminary experiments with the simultaneous annotation of two concepts outdoors and indoors using the TRECVID corpus are promising and reduce annotation workload significantly.
MEMS Electronically Steerable Antennas for Fire Control Radars

Large apertures are of great benefit to applications that are prime powered limited as is found on aerostat and other airborne platforms. Electronically scanned array antennas are often proposed for these applications. However, increasing the aperture area with conventional array technology is met with prohibitive cost, weight, and prime power increases because of the dense spacing of phase shifters and/or active T/R modules. This paper discusses the recent development of RF MEMS (microelectromechanical system) switch technology and the use of these switches in a Radant lens configuration for arrays of approximately 10m2 at X-band. A proof-of-concept 0.4m2 MEMS electronically steerable antenna (ESA) containing 25,000 MEMS switches has been successfully designed fabricated and tested. The 0.4m2 MEMS ESA was then integrated with an AN/APG-67 radar system to form the MEMS demonstration radar system. The MEMS Demonstration Radar system successfully detected both airborne and ground moving targets during a series of extensive radar demonstrations. This is believed to be the first large scale employment of MEMS switches in a scanning antenna and radar system. The low-cost, lightweight and low power technology demonstrated here can enable weight and power constrained platforms with electronic steering.
Multimedia content description in the InfoPyramid

There is a growing need for developing a content description language for multimedia that improves searching, indexing and managing of the multimedia content. The MPEG group established the MPEG-7 effort to standardize the multimedia content interface. The proposed interface will bridge the gap between various types of content meta-data, such as content features, annotations, relationships, and the search engines. We develop a method of handling multimedia content description in a new multi-abstraction, multi-modal content representation framework called the InfoPyramid. The InfoPyramid facilitates the search, retrieval, manipulation, and transmission of multimedia data by providing a hierarchy for content descriptors. We illustrate the suitability of the InfoPyramid multimedia content description to MPEG-7 by examining four multimedia retrieval applications: a Web-image search engine, a satellite image retrieval system, an Internet content delivery system, and a TV news storage and retrieval system.
Talk summary - single point vs. distributed FACTS installations

Shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices such as Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs) are used by utilities to prevent voltage instability events and to improve power transfers, by industrial customers to improve their own power quality, and by renewable power generators to help them interconnect to the utility system by meeting a variety of grid code performance requirements.
Content-based transcoding of images in the Internet

We present a system for transcoding images in the Internet in order to improve their delivery to client devices with a wide range of communication, processing, storage and display capabilities. The content-based image transcoder analyzes the images in order to classify them into image type and image purpose classes. The system then utilizes transcoding policies based on the content classes to manipulate and transcode the images. We describe the image transcoding process for a variety of client devices, including PDAs, hand-held computers (HHCs), TV browsers and color PCs, and demonstrate improvements in delivery speed and accessibility of the images in the Internet.
Fluidic self-assembly of silicon microstructures

Fluidic self-assembly is a new technique which makes possible the integration of devices fabricated using dissimilar materials and processes. The integration is accomplished by fluidically transporting trapezoidally shaped blocks made of one material into similarly shaped holes in a receptor substrate. In this paper, a systematic study of the FSA integration efficiency is presented. Blocks and holes were formed from silicon using anisotropic etching. Two different sizes were considered: large blocks of dimension 1.0 mm/spl times/1.2 mm, and small blocks of dimension 150 /spl mu/m/spl times/150 /spl mu/m. FSA was performed in either water or methanol using a bubble pump apparatus to recirculate blocks. FSA of large blocks resulted in 100% filling of a substrate containing 191 holes within 2.5 minutes. Similar experiments with small blocks and a substrate with a 64/spl times/64 array of holes yielded a fill ratio of 70%, due to undesirable adhesion of blocks to the substrate surface. Roughening the substrate resulted in a fill ratio of 90%. Also presented is a simple rate equation model of the FSA process, along with a discussion of which process parameters are important and how they can be optimized.
Modeling semantic concepts to support query by keywords in video

Supporting semantic queries is a challenging problem in video retrieval. We propose the use of a lexicon of semantic concepts for handling the queries. We also propose automatic modeling of lexicon items using probabilistic techniques. We use Gaussian mixture models to build computational representations for a variety of semantic concepts including rocket-launch, outdoor greenery, sky etc. Training requires a large amount of annotated (labeled) data. Using the TREC Video test bed we compare the performance of this system supporting query by keywords with the conventional approach of query by example. Results demonstrate significant gains in performance using the automatically learnt models of semantic concepts.
An active interlock system for the LNLS X-ray ring insertion devices

A description is given of the design and operation of an active interlock system which has been installed in the NSLS (US National Synchrotron Light Source) X-ray electron storage ring to protect the vacuum chamber from thermal damage by missteered high-power photon beams from insertion devices (IDs). The system employs active beam position detectors to monitor beam motion in the 1D straight sections and solid-state logic circuitry to dump the stored beam in the event of a fault condition by interrupting the RF. To ensure a high degree of reliability, redundancy and continuous automatic checking have been incorporated into the design. Overall system integrity is checked periodically with the beam at safe levels of beam current.<<ETX>>
Tracking Large-Scale Video Remix in Real-World Events

Content sharing networks, such as YouTube, contain traces of both explicit online interactions (such as likes, comments, or subscriptions), as well as latent interactions (such as quoting, or remixing, parts of a video). We propose visual memes, or frequently re-posted short video segments, for detecting and monitoring such latent video interactions at scale. Visual memes are extracted by scalable detection algorithms that we develop, with high accuracy. We further augment visual memes with text, via a statistical model of latent topics. We model content interactions on YouTube with visual memes, defining several measures of influence and building predictive models for meme popularity. Experiments are carried out with over 2 million video shots from more than 40,000 videos on two prominent news events in 2009: the election in Iran and the swine flu epidemic. In these two events, a high percentage of videos contain remixed content, and it is apparent that traditional news media and citizen journalists have different roles in disseminating remixed content. We perform two quantitative evaluations for annotating visual memes and predicting their popularity. The proposed joint statistical model of visual memes and words outperforms an alternative concurrence model, with an average error of 2% for predicting meme volume and 17% for predicting meme lifespan.