nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Human Fibroadenomas Using Three-Dimensional Impedance Maps

Three-dimensional impedance maps (3DZMs) are virtual volumes of acoustic impedance values constructed from histology to represent tissue microstructure acoustically. From the 3DZM, the ultrasonic backscattered power spectrum can be predicted and model based scatterer properties, such as effective scatterer diameter (ESD), can be estimated. Additionally, the 3DZM can be exploited to visualize and identify possible scattering sites, which may aid in the development of more effective scattering models to better represent the ultrasonic interaction with underlying tissue microstructure. In this study, 3DZMs were created from a set of human fibroadenoma samples. ESD estimates were made assuming a fluid-filled sphere form factor model from 3DZMs of volume 300×300×300 μm. For a collection of 33 independent human fibroadenoma tissue samples, the ESD was estimated to be 111±40.7 μm. The 3DZMs were then investigated visually to identify possible scattering sources which conformed to the estimated model scatterer dimensions. This estimation technique allowed a better understanding of the spatial distribution and variability of the estimates throughout the volume.
Comments on “Model-Order Reduction Using Variational Balanced Truncation With Spectral Shaping”

This comment explains why the passivity preserving frequency weighted model reduction technique of Heydari and Pedram is guaranteed to yield neither passive nor stable models in the case of double-sided weighting. It is further shown for this method that the passivity can be preserved in the single-sided weighting case only. An example is presented to show that their method may yield non-passive models for passive original systems in the case of double-sided weighting.
An Ontological Approach for Dynamic Cross-Enterprise Collaboration

Cross-enterprise collaboration is one of challenges on the business-to-business integration (B2Bi) research nowadays. With the support of Semantic Web technologies, the gap between business and IT communities has been reduced in order to tackle the mentioned challenge. Semantic Web-based approaches for BPM have been a promising solution with taking advantages of Semantic Web technologies such as ontologies, semantic web services. In this paper, we propose a new approach called Ontological Hierarchical Task Network (O-HTN) based on HTN Planning and Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) for forming collaborative business processes dynamically for the cross-enterprise collaboration.
A Consensus Model for Motion Segmentation in Dynamic Scenes

The study of phenomena segmentation in natural scenes has attracted growing attention and is a popular research topic. While there are many studies detailing algorithms for motion segmentation in dynamic scenes, an important question arising from these studies is how to combine these algorithms. How can the label correspondence problem be resolved? Answering this question is difficult, because there are no labeled training data available in clustering to guide the search. Also, different algorithms produce incompatible data labels resulting in intractable correspondence problems. This paper presents a new consensus model for motion segmentation in dynamic scenes, which aims to combine several unsupervised methods to achieve a more reliable and accurate result. The advantage of our method is that it is intuitively appealing. Numerical experiments on various phenomena are conducted. The performance of the proposed model is compared with the best state-of-the-art motion segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature, demonstrating the robustness and accuracy of our method.
An enhanced multi-channel MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks

In the wireless ad hoc network, utilizing the multiple channels at Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is on of the key techniques to improve the network performance. It can be done by multi-channel MAC to utilize the channels resource as much as possible. Wireless nodes are usually powered by battery and thus are limited in power capacity. The IEEE 802.11 Power Saving Mechanism (PSM) is used to conserve energy for the ad hoc networks by allowing nodes to enter doze mode when there is no need for data exchange. In this paper, we propose a hybrid and adaptive protocol, named H-MMAC, by adopting IEEE 802.11 PSM. In H-MMAC, nodes exchange control messages on default channel to negotiate the data channel during the ATIM (Ad hoc traffic Indication Message) window. The difference of H-MMAC compared to other multi-channel MAC protocols is that the other nodes can transmit data packets on data channels based on the network traffic load. This means H-MMAC can utilize the channel resources more efficiently. The simulation results show that our proposed H-MMAC improves the network performance significantly in terms of aggregate throughput, average delay and energy efficiency.
Object Representation Using Geodesic Levels

The following paper explores possibilities of using geodesic distance-based description of two-dimensional image objects. The main idea of the proposed representation is to create a set of equally-spaced contours composed of image points that are equidistant, in terms of geodesic distance, from the object's boundary. Due to geodesic distance properties, the proposed representation is expected to be robust against several types of nonlinear object deformations, thus being attractive for object recognition purposes.
A spatial modulation scheme with full diversity for four transmit antennas

In this paper, we propose a Spatial Modulation (SM) with full diversity for 4 transmit antennas, called DS-SM, by designing SC codewords and incorporating them with a Diagonal Space Time Block Code. Similar to the conventional SM scheme, the proposed scheme only activates an antenna element at a time for signal transmission. However, it is different from the conventional SM in that it is able to achieve full diversity. In order to attain low detection complexity, an ML detector based on sphere decoding is presented. Computer simulation shows that the proposed DS-SM scheme outperforms some existing STBC-SM techniques in terms of both bit error rate (BER) performance and effective throughput.
Control Design of Ethanol Steam Reforming in Thermal Plasma Reformer

This paper presents a design for mass flow rates control of ethanol/water and temperature control of the 1 kWe thermal plasma reformer, which uses ethanol steam reforming method to perform hydrogen production. A thermodynamic equilibrium prediction is firstly performed to obtain an optimal working condition at temperature of 750degC and at mole flow rate ratio of ethanol to water of 1:3. The mass flow rates of ethanol and water are then controlled to meet the requirement of hydrogen production at 30SLPM. Finally, with energy balance equation, the temperature control is designed using electric power to maintain the thermal plasma reformer at working temperature of 750degC and desired inlet mass flow rate of fuel and water. Both mass flow rate and temperature controls are implemented in an electric control unit with a PID control law. The experimental data, which are collected from the 1 kWe thermal plasma reformer at Clean Energy R&D Center, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan, R.O.C., are compared with the predicted data. The results show that they approximately fit in with each other at temperature of 750degC under the ethanol/water mole flow rate of 1:3.
Design and analysis of high speed 4/2 SRMs for an air-blower

This paper presents a high speed SRM(Switched Reluctance Motor) with variable air-gap to produce a constant and flat-top torque with self-starting performance. In order to improve the efficiency in high speed, two-phases with two rotor poles structure is selected. The proposed 4/2 high speed SRM is designed for unidirectional rotating air-blower. The rotor poles are optimized to reduce torque ripple with over-lap torque region in two phases. The optimized non-linear air-gaped rotor poles can make smooth torque in the positive torque region, and the wider rotor pole arc can remove torque dead-zone for self-starting performance in any rotor position. The detailed optimization method and specifications of a proto-type motor are presented in this paper. In order to verify the proposed high speed 4/2 SRM, torque and inductance characteristics are analyzed with FEM. Compared with a conventional 4/2 SRM, the proposed motor has a more flat-top and wide positive torque range
An algorithm for fractal dimension calculation based on Renyi entropy for short time signal analysis

Among the approaches used to analyze biomedical signals, e.g. electroencephalogram, there are methods based on fractal dimension (FD) calculation. One of the main drawbacks of these methods is the requirement for long duration of the analyzed signal. To analyze events of brief duration in real-time mode and to apply the results obtained directly in the time domain, thus providing an easier interpretation of FD behavior; in this work we present a fast algorithm to calculate the FD of the signal. It is derived from the generalized entropy, namely Renyi entropy.
A Strategy for Server Management to Improve Cloud Service QoS

According to , cloud computing is one of ICT core areas in the next five years. The computing paradigm also is a research trend that has attracted strongly scientist community. Until now, there are many studies, which have focused on saving energy for servers in cloud systems. During the operation process of cloud data center, idle servers bring about power waste phenomenon. In order to overcome the problem, turning off idle servers is the popular solution applied in most researches. However, the turn on/off processes often affect significantly to quality of service (QoS) of cloud services because the server turning on always takes a long time and thus reduces the capability of quick response of services that run on these servers. In this paper, we present a strategy for effective server management. The strategy is developed based on a novel three-state model for physical servers belonging to cloud data centers. Our proposed model with an intermediate state will decrease the waiting service time for cloud appliances deployed on server machines. As a result, the approach will improve the cloud service QoS. We use CloudSim  to experiment and evaluate the solution. We also consider the power consumption of our model to examine its effectiveness.
Accelerometer based identification of mechanical systems

Deals with a comparison of sensor location and nature in the identification of physical parameters for mechanical systems with lumped elasticities. The identification model is a linear model in relation to a minimal set of parameters. The dynamic parameters are estimated by using the solution of weighted least squares of an over determined linear system obtained from the sampling of the dynamic model along a closed loop tracking trajectory. An experimental study exhibits the identification results depending on two types of sensors (position, acceleration) and different locations (motor, load).
An electrochemical localized surface plasmon resonance biochip based on core-shell structure nanoparticles substrate for sensing of pore forming toxins

This work describes a highly sensitive method to signal the presence of melittin toxin using the electrochemical LSPR biochip based on the core-shell structure nanoparticle substrate. This biochip promises to apply in a wide range of functionally similar protein toxins with a massively parallel detection capability in a highly miniaturized package.
Barrier coverage by heterogeneous sensor network with input saturation

In this paper we present a decentralized control law for a mobile sensor network with different sensing radii to form a barrier that spans over a corridor with optimal coverage. Instead of using a gradient-descent approach which may only settle to a local minimum, we show that there exists a cost function whose global minimum is achieved when the sensor network reaches the optimal barrier configuration via consensus. Taking into account the heterogeneous sensing capability and input saturation, the proposed control law not only can drive the agents to the desired optimal configuration but also avoid collision and preserve the order of the sensor placement. Analysis and simulation are carried out to verify the result of the algorithm.
Classification of cultivated rice fields in northern Vietnam using polarimetric RADARSAT-2 data

This paper presents two classification schemes to identify rice fields in a complex land-use watershed in northern Vietnam: Thresholding and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm. The data used are C-band dual-polarization (HH, HV) and polarimetric (quad-pol) data from RADARSAT-2. Two questions are posed: firstly, what is the usefulness of different polarizations (HH and HV) for rice detection? Secondly, between different polarimetric parameters, which ones are the most suitable to separate the rice fields from others? The analysis shows that the rice intensity values increase in the middle of the crop season and are different from other vegetation types in HH polarization. In parallel, the coherence (T) matrix seems a suitable polarimetric parameter for rice extraction. Results suggest that both HH polarization intensity values and quadpol data could identify rice fields at regional scale with a precision of 71% and 80%.
Design of a multi-frequency clocking circuit on an FPGA and analysis of its EMI emission

In this paper, we present a circuit design of multi-frequency clocking for reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI). First, we propose a generalized multi-frequency clocking (MFC) circuit. Then, to evaluate its impact on EMI reduction, we design a simple synchronous circuit with the proposed MFC scheme. Our design is implemented in a commercial Xilinx FPGA Spartan-3 device. Our approach shows that we achieve 1.3 dB, 4 dB, 5.7dB of EMI reduction with the MFC employing 2-frequency, 4-frequency, and 8-frequency components, respectively when compared to the single frequency clocking in synchronous circuit.
100-Mb/s NRZ Visible Light Communications Using a Postequalized White LED

This letter describes a high-speed visible light communications link that uses a white-light light-emitting diode (LED). Such devices have bandwidths of few megahertz, severely limiting the data rates of any communication system. Here, we demonstrate that by detecting only the blue component of the LED, and using a simple first-order analogue equalizer, a data rate of 100 Mb/s can be achieved using on-off keying nonreturn-to-zero modulation.
A New Scheme to Predict Erasures for Reed-Solomon Decoder in T-DMB Receiver

In this paper, we introduce a new scheme to improve the performance of the terrestrial - digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) system, which exploits the burst error characteristics at the output of the convolutional decoder and the properties of the Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder to correct more errors by predicting erasures in each RS packet in advance as many as possible before decoding in the RS decoder. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme yields performance gain of around 1 dB at BER of 10-R which can result in the extended coverage area of the T-DMB system.
A unified nonlinear controller for a platoon of car-like vehicles

This work presents a dynamics-based nonlinear tracking control scheme for a platoon of two car-like mobile robots. A unified controller is designed for both look-ahead and look-behind tracking. Look-ahead and look-behind tracking maneuvers require the following vehicle to follow the leading vehicle in two opposite directions: forward or backward, respectively. Furthermore, both steering control and driving control are also integrated in the unified controller. Tracking stability is ensured by proper design of a stable performance target equation. Simulation results show the control scheme work properly in both tracking cases. Simulations also investigate the influence of two important design parameters: the desired distance l and the desired steering angle ratio p. The results suggest that these parameters affect the system performance and require careful selection.
Aligning the frames of a non stationary imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for spectrum retrieval

This paper presents an algorithm to align the frames obtained with a non-stationary imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (IFTS). These frames contain both relative motion and intensity variation due to the interference pattern of the IFTS called interferogram. Two motion estimation techniques are combined to register the frames with a sub-pixel precision. An approach based on mutual information is first used for pixel-precision registration with respect to a single reference frame. Sub-pixel precision is then achieved using a phase-based technique.
An extended OpenFlow model: An incorporation of initial messages in a virtual environment

This research investigates problems with OpenFlow design to monitor and manage network switches to enhance the network performance. The OpenFlow technology has provided centralised management of the network and easy deployment with more flexibility. However, a long delay of the initial connections is one of the typical issues of OpenFlow due to its procedure. This paper focuses on those issues and provides some solutions to improve the network performance. The proposed model is introduced and simulated on a virtual environment with OpenFlow. The proposed model called extended OpenFlow model (EOM) utilises initial messages to recognise the network topology and enhance the network performance. The results clearly illustrate that the quantity of messages exchanging between controller and switches increases as more hosts are connected to the network. The results also prove that the proposed design works better than the existing methods.
A new class of balanced 4-psk sttc for two and three transmit antennas

A new class of 4-PSK space time trellis codes (STTC) for 2 and 3 transmit antennas is proposed in this paper. We call these codes balanced STTC because they use the points of the constellation with the same probability. Comparing to known codes, these codes offer the best performance. Therefore, the systematic search for good codes can be reduced to this class. It is shown that all the best published codes are balanced. The paper presents the design of these balanced STTC and gives a complete list of the best 4-state codes. Several 16-state balanced codes for 2 and 3 transmit antennas are also given.
A Hand-off Management Structure based on OLSR protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs)  enlarge the wireless coverage area by interconnecting relatively stationary wireless mesh routers (MRs). Under the coverage, mobile nodes (MNs) can move around and connect to nearby MRs. Mobility management is one of the most significant management services for WMNs. In this paper, a Hand-off Management Structure based on OLSR protocol is presented. In this structure, any participation of MNs in the mobility-related signaling is not required. MNs' location information is distributed appropriately so that every MR can quickly recognize the new position of MNs. Significant benefits are shown by the performance analysis.
A Hybrid Optical Fiber and FSO System for Bidirectional Communications Used in Bridges

In this paper, a 10-Gb/s hybrid optical fiber (OF) and free-space optics (FSO) link as part of a bidirectional long-haul OF transmission for application in outdoor environments such as bridges is proposed. A fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) sensor head is used for monitoring the condition of a bridge, and in the case of the bridge being damaged, the transmission path is changed over from OF to the FSO link to ensure link connectivity. An Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to compensate for losses due to the fiber cable and the free-space channel. At a bit error rate (BER) of 10e-9, the power penalty between the OF and FSO paths is <; 1 dB, and the power variations for both paths are ±0.07 and ±0.12 dB, respectively.
A new control strategy of power sharing in islanded microgrids

This paper proposes a new control sharing technique for parallel three-phase inverters in an islanded microgrid. The new control technique combining the adaptive impedance controller and the communication among the parallel inverters to accurately share real power and reactive power when there is a distinct difference between line impedances and the loads change in the microgrid. In this technique, the communication information is used to update the virtual impedance to compensate the voltage drop. If the interruption occurs, the stand-alone control mode is independently applied to quickly re-establish the balanced state. Therefore, the accuracy of the power sharing in this technique is within the allowed system limits. The communication network between the inverters and the control center is shown in Fig. 2 and the real and reactive power sharing controller is shown in Fig. 3. The simulation results have indicated that the proposed technique is better than the traditional droop control in terms of the accuracy and stability. Therefore, the new proposed technique can be a favorably alternative model for real power and reactive power sharing control of parallel inverters in a islanded microgrid.
Action Recognition in Still Images With Minimum Annotation Efforts

We focus on the problem of still image-based human action recognition, which essentially involves making prediction by analyzing human poses and their interaction with objects in the scene. Besides image-level action labels (e.g., riding, phoning), during both training and testing stages, existing works usually require additional input of human bounding boxes to facilitate the characterization of the underlying human-object interactions. We argue that this additional input requirement might severely discourage potential applications and is not very necessary. To this end, a systematic approach was developed in this paper to address this challenging problem of minimum annotation efforts, i.e., to perform recognition in the presence of only image-level action labels in the training stage. Experimental results on three benchmark data sets demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art methods that have privileged access to additional human bounding-box annotations, our approach achieves comparable or even superior recognition accuracy using only action annotations in training. Interestingly, as a by-product in many cases, our approach is able to segment out the precise regions of underlying human-object interactions.
Application of Minimum Entropy Estimation in Modal Analysis

We propose a modification of the popular eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) using the minimum entropy estimation (MEE) method. The eigensystem realization algorithm is an LS method that is used to estimate the system matrices in a state-space representation of a physical structure. The MEE is known for its superior variance estimation as compared to the LS method when the measurement noise is unknown and non-Gaussian. It can be used to give a better estimate of the Markov sequence of a dynamical system, which in turn leads to the estimation of the system matrices and the poles using ERA