nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Design by Chemical Modification of Papain Lysine

Papain (EC 3.4.22.2) has been chemically modified using two reagents including different anhydrides of maleic and poly-maleic acids. The average ratio of modified-NH2 was tested by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) method. The native and modified papain were purified by dialysis and their structures were characterized by FTIR. The factor related with the activity of the modified papain, such as temperature, pH value and kinetic constant were studied and compared with the native papain. The resultant papain had its optimum pH shifted from 6.0 to 9.0. Compared with native papain, the thermal stability and the resistance to alkali of modified enzyme were improved considerably. Among the enzyme, poly-maleic anhydride modified enzyme was found to be the best in catalytic efficiency. Keywords-chemical modification; papain; maleic anhydride;
Handoff Performance Improvements in an Integrated Train-Ground Communication System Based on Wireless Network Virtualization

In existing urban rail transit systems, the train-ground communication system for different subsystems is deployed independently. Investing and constructing the communication infrastructures repeatedly not only wastes substantial social resources, but it also is difficult to maintain all these infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an integrated train-ground communication system based on wireless network virtualization for urban rail transit systems. In order to improve the communication-based train control (CBTC) subsystem performance during handoff, we propose a novel handoff scheme to support handoff between virtual networks. The application-layer quality-of-service (QoS) parameters of the CBTC, passenger information system, and closed circuit television subsystems are used as the performance measures in the handoff design. We then formulate the QoS optimization problem in the proposed integrated train-ground communication system as an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) problem. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed integrated train-ground communication system QoS can be improved substantially with our ADP-based optimization model.
Laterally Coupled Dual-Gate Oxide-Based Transistors on Sodium Alginate Electrolytes

Laterally coupled indium-zinc-oxide electric-double-layer (EDL) transistors gated by solution-processed sodium alginate electrolyte films are self-assembled on glass substrates. Due to the strong EDL effect, a low-operation voltage of 1.5 V, a high-current ON/OFF ratio of ~3.1 × 106 and a high-electron mobility of ~8.8 cm2/Vs are obtained. Furthermore, AND logic operation is demonstrated when two in-plane gate electrodes are used as the input terminals. Such low-voltage laterally coupled oxide EDL transistors have potential applications in portable biosensors and synaptic electronics.
A Numerical Method for Calculating and Optimizing the Coupling Factor of HTS Air-Core Transformer

The coupling factor is a crucial parameter for a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) air-core transformer. This paper proposes a numerical method for calculating and optimizing the coupling factor, which took the influence of insulation distance into account. To verify this method, a laboratory-scale HTS air-core transformer was fabricated and tested in liquid nitrogen. GdBCO HTS tapes were used for HTS windings. The primary windings were six single pancakes (SPs) in series, and the secondary windings were three SPs in parallel. Each SP has 32 turns. The numerical calculation and the experimental measurement were consistent. Because the HTS air-core transformer has no specific path for the magnetic flux compared with the full-core transformer, more attention should be given to optimizing the coupling factor. The relationship between the windings arrangement, the insulation distance, the radial dimension, and the coupling factor was discussed by the numerical calculation method. The conclusion of this paper will guide the design of the 1-MVA/10-kV/400-V HTS power transformer, which is going to be built later this year.
Preparatory Study for Constructing FAST, the World's Largest Single Dish

A 500-m aperture spherical telescope (FAST) was funded by the National Development and Reform Commission of China (NDRC) in July 2007 and will be located in the unique Karst region, a sinkhole-like landform, in Guizhou province. FAST can be seen as a modified ldquoArecibordquo type radio telescope using many innovative techniques, with as much as twice the collecting area and a wider sky coverage. FAST has, first, an active reflector, conforming to a paraboloid of revolution from a sphere in real time through actuated control, which enables the realization of wide bandwidth and full polarization capability by using standard feed design. Secondly, it has a light focus cabin suspension system, integrating optical, mechanical, and electronic technologies, reducing effectively the cost of the support structure and control system. With such a huge collecting area of more than 30 football fields, FAST will become the largest single dish ever built. Here we will summarize the FAST concept and the milestones achieved in experiments on its key technologies, i.e., site exploration, active reflector prototyping, focus cabin driving mechanism, measurement and control techniques, and the receiver layout. The Miyun FAST demonstrator also will be presented.
Pseudo Sequence Based 2-D Hierarchical Coding Structure for Light-Field Image Compression

In this paper, we present a novel pseudo sequence based 2-D hierarchical reference structure for light-field image compression. In the proposed scheme, we first decompose the light-field image into multiple views and organize them into a 2-D coding structure according to the spatial coordinates of the corresponding microlens. Then we mainly develop three technologies to optimize the 2-D coding structure. First, we divide all the views into four quadrants, and all the views are encoded one quadrant after another to reduce the reference buffer size as much as possible. Inside each quadrant, all the views are encoded hierarchically to fully exploit the correlations between different views. Second, we propose to use the distance between the current view and its reference views as the criteria for selecting better reference frames for each inter view. Third, we propose to use the spatial relative positions between different views to achieve more accurate motion vector scaling. The whole scheme is implemented in the reference software of High Efficiency Video Coding. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed novel pseudo-sequence based 2-D hierarchical structure can achieve maximum 14.2% bit-rate savings compared with the state-of-the-art light-field image compression method.
Robust emotion recognition from low quality and low bit rate video: A deep learning approach

Emotion recognition from facial expressions is tremendously useful, especially when coupled with smart devices and wireless multimedia applications. However, the inadequate network bandwidth often limits the spatial resolution of the transmitted video, which will heavily degrade the recognition reliability. We develop a novel framework to achieve robust emotion recognition from low bit rate video. While video frames are downsampled at the encoder side, the decoder is embedded with a deep network model for joint super-resolution (SR) and recognition. Notably, we propose a novel max-mix training strategy, leading to a single “One-for-All” model that is remarkably robust to a vast range of downsampling factors. That makes our framework well adapted for the varied bandwidths in real transmission scenarios, without hampering scalability or efficiency. The proposed framework is evaluated on the AVEC 2016 benchmark, and demonstrates significantly improved stand-alone recognition performance, as well as rate-distortion (R-D) performance, than either directly recognizing from LR frames, or separating SR and recognition.
Adaptive SAGA based on mutative scale chaos optimization strategy

A hybrid adaptive SAGA based on mutative scale chaos optimization strategy (CASAGA) is proposed to solve the slow convergence, incident getting into local optimum characteristics of the standard genetic algorithm (SGA). The algorithm combined the parallel searching structure of genetic algorithm (GA) with the probabilistic jumping property of simulated annealing (SA), also used adaptive crossover and mutation operators. The mutative scale chaos optimization strategy was used to accelerate the optimum seeking. By comparing the CASAGA with SGA and MSCGA on effectiveness, the CASAGA has more strong searching ability than other two, it can abandon the local optimal solution and find the global one more quickly
Investigation on Silicon Based Solar Cell by Ultrafast Terahertz Spectroscopy

Silicon is widely used for solar energy harvesting applications. Here we investigate the dynamics and transport properties of photoexcited carriers in silicon nanowires by ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy. The carrier lifetime was observed to approach 0.7 ns, and the carrier mobility to be ~1000 cm2/(Vs). We found that Silicon nanowire arrays fabricated by the metal-assisted chemical etching is better for solar cell application.
Characteristic Tests and Electromagnetic Analysis of an HTS Partial Core Transformer

An experimental high temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer has been designed and built using GdBCO HTS tapes. The transformer is unique in that the magnetic circuit is comprised of air and an iron partial core. The HTS windings and iron core were immersed in a liquid nitrogen environment. Fundamental characteristics were obtained by no-load and load tests. The transformer had a smaller exciting current compared with the HTS air core transformer, and the voltage regulation was 1.67% at full load. A lumped parameter equivalent circuit that takes the ac loss was proposed and testified by tests. A 3-D “field-circuit” coupled model built in COMSOL was used to successfully analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the transformer. The experimental results were consistent with the calculated and simulation values. The detail results will describe in this paper.
Learning hierarchical non-parametric hidden Markov model of human motion

In this paper, we summarize the generative models for learning and automatic recreation of human motion as motion engine. We incarnate motion engine with a new model NPHHMM, a hierarchical hidden Markov model with non-parametric output densities. Our work contributes in three aspects: (1) NPHHMM models both temporal and spatial characteristics of human motion precisely so to support recreation of new motion; (2) compared with first-order hidden Markov model, NPHHMM has longer memory for more accurate prediction; (3) the EM learning algorithm of NPHHMM incorporates output densities in non-parametric form, which provides a compact representation of prototypical poses without requirements of explicit compression or losing accuracy of body model by extracting the most significant dependencies between body joints. NPHHMM learned from captured 3D human motion can be used to generate a variety of realistic new motions, thus is useful for data-driven motion editing and synthesis, which is recently an active research area to relieve animators from intensive labor of manual work and to automate the production of character animation.
Exploiting Even Partition to Accelerate Structure Join

Among most of the approaches about XML query processing, structure join is more popular and efficient. The evaluation of structural relationship in the join, specifically the parent-child or ancestordescendant relationship, between XML element sets has imposed a great challenge on efficient XML query processing. In this paper, we present, PRIAM, an efficient algorithm for structure join by evenly partitioning the input element sets, which skips many more ancestor or descendant elements than previous algorithms. PRIAM accelerates structure join dramatically, but requires neither the order of input element sets nor any indices. Moreover, when the distribution of elements of a particular tag/label is skew, general partition-based techniques are not costefficient, however, PRIAM partitions the two input sets into different buckets evenly and only the structure join of suit buckets is helpful to the result, therefore it avoids scanning the two input sets many times and is efficient. In addition, PRIAM is portable to various coding schemes. Our extensive experiments show that PRIAM significantly outperforms previous ones.
A construction method of quantum low density parity check code based on projective geometry

With the development of quantum error correction techniques, many counterparts of classical error correction coding techniques have been found in quantum area. As the quantum counterpart of a good error correction code in classical communications, quantum low density parity check code becomes a promising coding technique in quantum error correction area. In this paper, a construction method of quantum low density parity check code (quantum LDPC) based on Projective Geometry is proposed, and the quantum code QLDPC [21,6] is selected as an example to illustrate the whole construction procedures. By numerical simulation, the error correction performance of QLDPC [21,6] is discussed over the bit-flipping channel. It is shown that this method is available and has some advantages.
Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Meanshift Algorithm Combining with Motion Vector Analysis

Mean shift algorithm doesn't use the target’s motion direction and speed information in process of object tracking. When the target’s speed is so fast it easily fails to track the target. So a new object tracking algorithm combining Mean shift algorithm with Motion Vector analysis is proposed in this paper. By statistical analysis of the motion vector get from video encoding process, we can get the motion direction and velocity of target, which can be used to correct the central point of the motion candidate region of Mean shift, making the search position is more close to the actual centre of the target. This method can not only track the fast moving target effectively, but also reduce the number of iterative convergence times to improve the efficiency of operations. The algorithm is already use in our intelligent video surveillance equipment in which the operation of video encoding and object tracking is executed in one chip, and the experimental results show that it is feasible and effective.
Research on Early Warning for Worm Propagation Based on Area-Alert-Level

Predicting or discovering the possible propagation direction of spreading network worms can efficiently benefit the enforcement of network security countermeasures like blocking them in real-time way. Most worms exhaust all of the network bandwidth maliciously in very short time. This paper proposed a model on predicting the propagation direction between areas based on two key indexes including Area-Infected-Time (AIT) and Area-Infected-Probability (AIP), and calculates alert level for each area by fuzzy reasoning. The higher alert level is, the more likely that the corresponding area is infected by worm in short time, and this area is the propagation direction of worm at the moment. Simulation experimental results show that the early warning model proposed in this paper can deduce Area-Alert-Level (AAL) correctly and predict the propagation direction of network worm dynamically.
Design of an L-band miniaturized frequency source

In this paper, an L-band miniaturized frequency source which is designed and fabricated with three-dimensional packaging technology- LTCC (Low Temperature ceramic co-fired) is described. The structure of DDS+PLL is selected to increase frequency switching rate. The phase-locked loop, DDS, and low pass filter are reasonable designed to decrease phase noise. The testing results shows: frequency-hopping time is <;20us, minimum resolution ratio is 10 kHz, and the size of the module is only 20mm×20mm×4.5mm, which meet the original goals.
Model Video Semantics with Constraints Considering Temporal Structure and Typed Events

The advances of video technology and video-related applications demand appropriate video semantic models for representing video data and their semantics, and supporting powerful semantic queries on them. In this paper, we propose such a model named SemTTE. The model incorporates features of temporal structure and typed events of video contents. It organizes the whole video into a tree of events, and provides mechanisms for users to define domain-specific constraints. As a result, the contents and semantics of the video can be better represented and queried. For constraints enforcement, an efficient on-line method is proposed.
Research on Integrated Metadata for Distributed CAS Appliance System

Now content search and management have become critical problems for large-scale storage system. Since metadata plays crucial role both in storage and content management, integrating various metadata and providing an efficient mechanism can greatly improve content search and simplify management of digital objects. Therefore, a kind of integrated metadata model based on object storage is proposed to implement the full fusion of CAS and content management. A kind of distributed CAS appliance system based on the integrated metadata is established and demonstrated in this paper. As a result, CAS appliance system can provide strong content search and navigation services, and it is more efficiently to store and retrieve data. metadata; CAS; content mangement;OSD
A new terminal storage protection system based on USB interface

Based on the development of the information, this paper develops the 5W communication, proposing a 6W concept. Under this background, for the terminal storage using the interface of USB, also applying to others without link-protection interface, this paper designs a safe mobile terminal storage system which is more flexible, and better for various applications. The system supports general storage module, encryption storage module and consumption storage module. ECC public-private key is adopted in the consumption module. Users can store kinds of electronic products and corresponding license safely.
Design of RF needle applicators for optimum SAR distributions in irregularly shaped tumors

The impedance method has been used to obtain specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions for a model of a brain tumor for which the shape was determined from CT head scans. Different locations of 4, 5, or 6 needles were used to obtain optimum arrangements that gave minimum standard deviations (SDs) for the SARs in the volume of the tumor. Further work, presently underway, will develop the thermal model to obtain 3-D temperature distributions for the tumor and its surrounding volume to help design applicators giving tumor temperatures with minimum SDs. The procedure described should be applicable for treatment planning of thermotherapy for a number of tumors for which local hyperthermia by RF needle applicators has been found useful.<<ETX>>
Analysis on the refraction stealth characteristic of cylinder plasma envelopes

The refraction stealth characteristic of two dimensional cylinder plasma envelopes is studied. Firstly, an electromagnetic (EM) problem model of EM-wave propagating through cylinder plasma envelopes is set up. Then EW-wave traces equation in cylinder plasma is derived and a novel concept of plasma refraction deviation angle is presented out. Furthermore, the relation between refraction deviation angle and incidence angle of EM-wave is yielded and the relation between refraction deviation angle and plasma density distribution is made out as well. It is shown that cylinder plasma envelopes could make distinct refraction stealth.
Numerical analysis of direct liquid-immersed solar cell cooling of a linear concentrating photovoltaic receiver

Direct liquid immersion cooling of concentrator solar cells is proposed as a solution for receiver thermal management of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) and hybrid concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPV-T) systems. A novel receiver incorporating direct liquid-immersed cell cooling has been developed for linear trough CPV and CPV-T systems at ANU. Several potential working fluids have undergone preliminary investigation as candidate immersion liquids in the novel receiver. De-ionised (DI) water has been used as the working fluid in this study. The flow distribution and concentrator solar cell temperature profiles from three-dimensional numerical simulations are presented. The optical concentration ratio, the fluid inlet velocity and fluid flow characteristics, and the inlet fluid temperature have a decisive influence on the concentrator solar cell operating temperature.
Study on Optical Properties of Indium-Graded Semipolar InGaN/GaN Quantum Well

The electronic and optical properties of indium-graded semipolar quantum well (QW) structures with different indium variation schemes and well widths have been investigated by 6 × 6 k · p calculations. Both increasing the indium composition difference between the maximum and the minimum points in the well layer and moving the location of the maximum indium composition in the opposite direction of the built-in field existing in the well layer of indium constant semipolar QW can improve the overlap of electron and hole wave functions, as well as the intensity of spontaneous emission rate spectra for y'- polarization of the indium-graded semipolar QW. With the increasing well width, the overlaps of optimized indium-graded semipolar QWs decrease more slowly than those of the indium constant QW, and the optical polarization ratios py'x'of the semipolar QWs increase more slowly than those of the indium constant one.
Debris Growth And Migration In The Slider-Disk Interface

Slider-disk interface contamination accelerates wear and head crash. It also affects the magnetic spacing. Zhang and Bogy [ 11 reported that small, air-bome particles follow the stream-line closely. They proposed to reduce debris growth at the trailing end by diverting the stream-lines. This paper focuses on relatively large debris in contact with both the slider and the disk. These debris are directly responsible for the wear and spacing-variation. Their growth and migration are dominated by contact forces. An analytical model and experimental results will be presented,
The effects of symbol rate offset on the BER performance of 16QAM signals

In non-cooperative communication we need to estimate of symbol rate blindly. Hence, it is necessary to correct symbol rate offset properly and estimate its effects on the receiving performance. In the paper, the symbol timing recovery loop using an acquisition-aiding technique (that is, adaptively adjusting loop bandwidth) can capture symbol rate offset of 1% with the help of the lock detector for 16QAM signals. We analyze and simulate the effects for symbol rate offset of ±0.5% and ±1% on bit error rate (BER) performance over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The results show that under the same BER the real-time demodulation loss is less than 0.5dB compared to the theoretical value. In addition, an out-of-lock detector is proposed. Together with the lock detector, the out-of-lock detector can ensure the symbol timing recovery loop provide good steady performance and relatively fast convergence rate by adaptively adjusting loop bandwidth.