nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Light Output Improvement of AlGaInP-Based LEDs With Nano-Mesh ZnO Layers by Nanosphere Lithography

AlGaInP-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with nano-mesh ZnO layers were fabricated by using nanosphere lithography. With 20-mA injection current, the output powers of the nano-mesh ZnO, planar ZnO, and conventional LEDs (LED-I, LED-II, and LED-III, respectively) were approximately 1.66, 1.58, and 1.44 mW, respectively. The improvement of output power in LED-I could be attributed to the nano-mesh ZnO layer that acts as light scattering centers at the surface. In addition, the intermediate refractive index (about n=2) of nano-mesh ZnO layer between those of the p-GaP window layer and air results in the broader critical angle and the reduction of the total internal reflection.
Joint Sequence Learning and Cross-Modality Convolution for 3D Biomedical Segmentation

Deep learning models such as convolutional neural network have been widely used in 3D biomedical segmentation and achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, most of them often adapt a single modality or stack multiple modalities as different input channels, which ignores the correlations among them. To leverage the multi-modalities, we propose a deep convolution encoder-decoder structure with fusion layers to incorporate different modalities of MRI data. In addition, we exploit convolutional LSTM (convLSTM) to model a sequence of 2D slices, and jointly learn the multi-modalities and convLSTM in an end-to-end manner. To avoid converging to the certain labels, we adopt a re-weighting scheme and two phase training to handle the label imbalance. Experimental results on BRATS-2015 [13] show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art biomedical segmentation approaches.
Electrical performance of dense and isolated n-type FinFETs in micro-loading effect

The micro-loading effect in this work seems obviously. According to the extraction of drive current (IDS) for dense and isolated FinFET devices at the on-drawn layout (W/L=0.11/0.5 (μm/μm), the ratio with 11-fin fingers vs. single fin was 10.01. Using the re-work concept to derive the un-etching depth (ΔH) located at the inner sidewall fin height was still around 2.4 nm as the outer sidewall height (Hfin) was 90 nm.
Dynamic simulation and tests of a three-phase high Tc superconducting fault current limiter

Dynamic simulation was performed on a three-phase high Tc superconducting fault current limiter (HTSFCL). A prototype HTSFCL of this type was made and tested. It employs one high Tc superconducting coil, which is connected with the secondary windings of three single-phase transformers. The operating characteristics of the HTSFCL have been investigated. The results are also presented.
On the design of static genetic memory

This A fundamental memory unit in traditional computers is typically constituted by several MOSFETs. For biological systems, it is uneasy to realize such a unit for data memorization. How to synthesize a specific storage unit is a preliminary but an important step toward the success of future bio-computers. This paper proposes a structure of a fundamental memory unit necessary with I/O configuration for data read and write. The simulation study has been conducted for verification.
The Reproducing Placement Problem With Applications

We study a new placement problem: the reproducing placement problem (RPP). In each phase a module (or gate) is decomposed into two (or more) simpler modules. The goal is to find a “good” placement in each phase. The problem, being iterative in nature, requires an iterative algorithm. The problem finds applications in several gate-level placement problems, e.g., in layout-driven logic synthesis. We introduce the notion of minimum floating Steiner trees (MFST). We employ an MFST algorithm as a central step in solving the RPP. A Hanan-like theorem is established for the MFST problem and two approximation algorithms are proposed. Experiments on commonly employed benchmarks verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Recurrent 3D Pose Sequence Machines

3D Human articulated pose recovery from monocular image sequences is very challenging due to the diverse appearances, viewpoints, occlusions, and also the human 3D pose is inherently ambiguous from the monocular imagery. It is thus critical to exploit rich spatial and temporal long-range dependencies among body joints for accurate 3D pose sequence prediction. Existing approaches usually manually design some elaborate prior terms and human body kinematic constraints for capturing structures, which are often insufficient to exploit all intrinsic structures and not scalable for all scenarios. In contrast, this paper presents a Recurrent 3D Pose Sequence Machine(RPSM) to automatically learn the image-dependent structural constraint and sequence-dependent temporal context by using a multi-stage sequential refinement. At each stage, our RPSM is composed of three modules to predict the 3D pose sequences based on the previously learned 2D pose representations and 3D poses: (i) a 2D pose module extracting the image-dependent pose representations, (ii) a 3D pose recurrent module regressing 3D poses and (iii) a feature adaption module serving as a bridge between module (i) and (ii) to enable the representation transformation from 2D to 3D domain. These three modules are then assembled into a sequential prediction framework to refine the predicted poses with multiple recurrent stages. Extensive evaluations on the Human3.6M dataset and HumanEva-I dataset show that our RPSM outperforms all state-of-the-art approaches for 3D pose estimation.
Real-time pedestrian and vehicle detection in video using 3D cues

Existing pedestrian and vehicle detection algorithms use 2D cues of objects, such as pixel values, color, texture, shape information or motion. The use of 3D cues in object detection, on the other hand, is not well studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm that detects pedestrian and vehicle using their 3D cues. The proposed algorithm first detects moving objects in a video frame using a background modeling technique. For each moving object, we extract its width and height in 3D space, with the aid of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera monitoring the scene. To estimate the camera parameters, we apply a calibration-free method, which simply requires users to specify six vertices on a cuboid in the scene. Then based on its 3D cues, a object is verified whether it is a pedestrian(vehicle) or not by the class-specific Support Vector Machine (SVM). In our experiment, the proposed algorithm achieves a precision of 88.2%(89.1%) for pedestrian(vehicle) detection, at 32 frame-per-second on average upon five testing sequences.
Control Strategy of a 0.5 MVA/1 MJ SMES Based Dynamic Voltage Restorer

A 0.5 MVA/1 MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage system based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is considered to be developed in the near future. The topology and control strategy are illustrated in this paper. To ensure full time utilization of the device, the DVR will not only compensate voltage deviations during voltage sag, but will also work as a harmonic and reactive power compensator to compensate both voltage and current harmonics as well as the reactive power of the downstream load in normal operation. Simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.
An improved model of LDMOS power amplifier for suppressing metallic shielding cover effects

Shielding cover effects in LDMOS transistor are investigated in this paper. The internal and outer matching structures on the PCB are simulated using the commercial full-wave software HFSS. Under an Automation Testing Bench, the input-output responses of PA module are measured and compared. Finally, an improved scalable LDMOSFET PA model is proposed to predict three feedback path which give further guidance to design a good cavity structure and good alignment is obtained between measured and simulated results.
Design of 2xVDD-tolerant I/O buffer with 1xVDD CMOS devices

A new 2xVDD-tolerant I/O buffer realized with only 1xVDD devices has been proposed and verified in a 0.18-µm CMOS process. With the dynamic source output technique and the new gate-controlled circuit, the new proposed I/O buffer can transmit and receive the signals with the voltage swing twice as high as the normal power supply voltage (VDD) without suffering gate-oxide reliability problem. The proposed 2xVDD-tolerant I/O circuit solution can be implemented in different nanoscale CMOS processes to meet the mixed-voltage interface applications in microelectronic systems.
Levitation and Torque Control of a PM Synchronous Self-Bearing Motor with a Single Set of Windings

This paper presented a control scheme for self-bearing operation of a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor. The scheme is based on a self-bearing motor which consists of a set of main and a set of suspension windings. The main windings produce rotational torque, and the suspension windings produce radial force for rotor levitation. The calculated currents for these windings are combined internally in the controller. As a result, only a set of concentrated windings is needed in order to produce controllable radial force and rotational torque in the motor. Since winding currents are determined according to the requested force and torque, each winding requires a separate driver and current controller. The experimental results demonstrated successful self-bearing operations. The rotor can be effectively balanced to the center of the air gap, and the maximum radial position error was about 0.2 mm when the motor was rotating at 1500 rpm under load torque.
Cooperative Wireless Broadcast for Scalable Video Coding

A special type of cooperative wireless transmission scheme is proposed for the broadcasting of scalable video sources. In the proposed system, a transmitter with multiple antennas sends out signals by encoding layered space-time codes. The receiver alone without cooperation can decode the base layer to get the basic quality of the video. For the cooperative terminals, with the help of relayed information, the enhanced layers can be retrieved and then the visual quality can be refined. Simulation results with video bitstreams encoded by H.264/scalable video coding show that the proposed system can enhance the scalable functionality of the video.
Two-Branch Selection in Wireless Space-Diversity Reception: An Upper Bound for its Output Power

This paper analytically derives an upper bound for the output power of two-sensor branch-selection (a.k.a. "antenna selection," "selection diversity," or "selection combining") reception, based on an empirically proven "geometric model" of the wireless propagation channel. The derived upper bound is explicit in terms of the geometric model parameters. The tightness of this upper bound is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
Towards Personalized Ranking in Web Service Selection

Web service discovery is one of the most important problems in implementing Service Oriented Architecture. Several approaches have been proposed to solve this problem among which semantic based web service discovery has been attained much importance by researchers in academic and industry community. However, there is a challenge in semantic web service discovery process, that is, among the retrieved set of semantically equivalent web service candidates, how to discern which one is the best? In this paper, a ranking framework is proposed in which query's context and web service candidate's context is explored to assist matching beyond semantic level. We use user's request history and current request to constitute query's context while employing association rule to explore web services candidatepsilas context. Furthermore, we propose a RC-IRF method to calculate each candidate's invocation possibility in query's context and then the best suitable potential web service can be selected.
Optimal planner for lawn mowers

The task of planning trajectories for mobile robots has received considerable attention in the research literature. However, rare research addresses the issue relate to lawn mower designs. An optimal and efficient path planner for lawn mowers is proposed here. There are two issues concerned in the design of the planner: (i) low working time or energy consumption, and (ii) human safety. The optimal mowing path for time or energy consumption with safety concern is achieved via combining these factors in the mowing path planning. Experimental results show that the proposed approach yields excellent performance with a variety of scenarios1.
Design of a High Temperature Superconducting Generator for Wind Power Applications

High temperature superconducting (HTS) generator was promising in the wind power applications for its advantages in the weight, size and thermal stability against load fluctuations, especially in the “direct-driven” design. A 100 kW generator was proposed for the demonstration of the feasibility of using HTS in 10 MW wind turbine generators. The electromagnetic design and optimization of the rotor were done using finite element method (FEM). The excitation coil of the rotor was designed considering variable working conditions. According to the numerical results, a number of suggestions in the design and winding techniques of the superconducting rotor were proposed.
Fuzzy Fixed Charge Solid Transportation Problem and Its Algorithm

The solid transportation problem is a generalization of the traditional transportation problem in which three kinds of constraint are taken into account instead of two. In general, the three kinds of constraint are understood as source, destination, and transport mode. The fixed charge transportation problem is an extension of the traditional transportation problem in which two kinds of costs, say direct cost and fixed charge, are taken into consideration. In this paper, the fixed charge solid transportation problem with fuzzy data is modeled as a chance-constrained programming by using the credibility measure. Finally, a genetic algorithm and an illustrated example is given.
Wireless Power and Bidirectional Data Transfer Scheme for Battery Charger

Wireless battery charging has been becoming a recent trend in mobile devices. However, there are relatively less research efforts focusing on the large power applications. It is a major drawback of the battery charging in traditional electric vehicles which relies on the use of a plug-in charging device. This paper proposes a wireless power and bidirectional data transmission scheme, data related to battery status, vehicle identification number, or emergency messages that can be mutually transmitted between two isolated units via the same LC tank. The primary unit employs an inverter to yield alternating current and power flow to the load via mutual inductance. The secondary unit transfers data by adjusting current of load, and the primary unit receives data based on the zero-voltage switching method. The primary unit transfers command by trimming the current's curve and the secondary unit receives command and make decoding using the period of carrier wave. It is worth to mention that the design scheme enables it to handle the situation of emergency by sending back the message to the primary unit to make an emergency halt.
Robust satellite image analysis using probabilistic learning based graph optimization

We study the satellite image analysis problem with focus on extracting the man-made buildings. Instead of assuming simple rectangular building shape as in the most of previous work, we apply probabilistic learning method to statistical modeling the building structures. The model can achieve high robustness to large shape variation. We also propose a novel energy function to incorporate the statistical model into a graph optimization framework. Once the graph is constructed on image edges, the buildings can be extracted as closed cycles on graph efficiently and accurately. Experiments on real images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the approach.
Analysis and simulation of natural frequency for the MSAW-oriented RGMFS samples

The magnetic surface acoustic wave (MSAW) devices developed in recent years are a class of tunable surface acoustic wave devices (such as filters, tuners, oscillators, etc.) which are important parts of radar, sonar, TV, computers and other modern communication systems. Giant magnetostrictive thin films (RGMFs) have high energy, large magnetic response, and high elastic modulus as well as the function that sound speed can alter by changing the magnetic field. Thus, RGMFs can be used to make tunable MSAW devices. The vibration characteristics of the device components are directly related to the service status and the life of devices. In order to optimize and design RGMFs materials, in this paper, SmFe2 samples with polyimide (PI) and the glass as substrates are studied, and the natural frequencies of SmFe2 monolayer samples, with different deposition thickness, are derived and simulated by the method of equivalent-section. Furthermore, vibration data (including natural frequencies and resonant amplitudes) of the SmFe2 samples are measured by the Helmholtz resonance system. The results show that the differences between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results are within 8%. Therefore, the equivalent-section method is feasible to predict the natural frequency of RGMFs samples. The work establishes a basis for the development of MSAW devices using RGMFs materials.
ABS control design for two-wheel drive electric vehicles

An ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) is a safety mechanism for vehicles which prevents the wheels of motor vehicles locked (ceasing of rotation) while braking. This research intends to develop and implement a non-mechanical ABS controller based on the application of regenerative and short-circuit braking mechanism in two-wheel electric vehicle. Boundary layer velocity control is proposed to ensure the optimized wheel-speed, under the minimum slip-ratio between tires and road.
Compressed-and-forward: Compressive sensing for cooperative communication

Cooperative communication has been shown that it is an effective way to achieve spatial diversity in order to combat the user-outage caused by effects fading channel. Except for amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF), compressed-and-forward (CF) is also an efficient forwarding strategy. In the existing CF protocol, the relay will switch to the DF mode when the source transmitted signal can be recovered by the relay completely; however, no further compression is made in this scheme. This paper proposes a new CF scheme. The relay will estimate if the codeword in a predefined block can be succeeded decoded, then choose the corresponding forwarding methods which are based on joint source-channel coding or compressive sensing. At the decode side, a joint decoder is designed to decode the source according to the relay compression mode. Simulation results show that the proposed CF scheme can acquire the spatial diversity and outperform AF and DF schemes.
Development of a Combined YBCO/Bi2223 Coils for a Model Fault Current Limiter

Recently, the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices and superconducting technologies have become widespread in the field of electric power. The 2G wires are expected to be used in future power applications because it has high properties in high temperature and high magnetic fields. One of the most promising applications for HTS coils in electrical engineering is for high-temperature superconducting fault current limiter. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and experiment of the combined YBCO/Bi2223 coils were described. Nine coils wound with 122 m YBCO tapes and three coils wound with 376 m Bi2223/Ag tapes, were assembled into the combined coils. The YBCO coils were in a noninductance configuration and the Bi2223/Ag coils were in a solenoid configuration. For getting higher resistances and rapid response to the fault current, the structure of the combined coils, the heat stability, and the insulation of the YBCO coils were the main targets in the development of the YBCO coils.
An Approach to Streaming Video Segmentation With Sub-Optimal Low-Rank Decomposition

This paper investigates how to perform robust and efficient video segmentation while suppressing the effects of data noises and/or corruptions, and an effective approach is introduced to this end. First, a general algorithm, called sub-optimal low-rank decomposition (SOLD), is proposed to pursue the low-rank representation for video segmentation. Given the data matrix formed by supervoxel features of an observed video sequence, SOLD seeks a sub-optimal solution by making the matrix rank explicitly determined. In particular, the representation coefficient matrix with the fixed rank can be decomposed into two sub-matrices of low rank, and then we iteratively optimize them with closed-form solutions. Moreover, we incorporate a discriminative replication prior into SOLD based on the observation that small-size video patterns tend to recur frequently within the same object. Second, based on SOLD, we present an efficient inference algorithm to perform streaming video segmentation in both unsupervised and interactive scenarios. More specifically, the constrained normalized-cut algorithm is adopted by incorporating the low-rank representation with other low level cues and temporal consistent constraints for spatio-temporal segmentation. Extensive experiments on two public challenging data sets VSB100 and SegTrack suggest that our approach outperforms other video segmentation approaches in both accuracy and efficiency.
Joint petrophysical inversion of electromagnetic, seismic, and fluid flow data for improved hydrocarbon exploration and production

Accurate determination of formation petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid contents, is essential for hydrocarbon exploration and production. These parameters are conventionally retrieved indirectly from geophysical measurements such as electromagnetic and seismic surveys via specialized interpretation. More specifically, electromagnetic data can be inverted to provide a resistivity image of the subsurface, while seismic data are typically used to image the subsurface structures as well as the velocity distribution. Translating electrical resistivity and seismic velocity into petrophysical properties relies on appropriate rock physics models. However, the inversion results from electromagnetic and seismic data are associated with uncertainty and artifacts due to the inherent non-uniqueness of the non-linear inverse problems, which may lead to ambiguous interpretation. On the other hand, reservoir model history matching is an essential element for hydrocarbon production prediction and management. Fluid flow data such as production rate and bottom-hole pressure are the traditional sources for reservoir model history matching but nevertheless their sensitivity to reservoir parameters is limited and localized. Recently, electromagnetic and seismic data have been considered as additional sources for history matching as they can provide information about reservoir properties with effective coverage in the interwell regions.
Theory and Technology for Standard WiMAX Over Fiber in High Speed Train Systems

In this investigation, we propose and investigate the standard WiMAX access in high speed railway (HSR) using radio over fiber (RoF) link. We also discuss the theory of mobile WiMAX at a target speed of 300 km/hr in simulation. We also analyze the effect of the Doppler frequency shift over HSR. The effective transmission fiber length in the WiMAX-RoF system was limited due to the time-division-duplex (TDD) protocol in the practical WiMAX. Thus, we also demonstrate the transmission limitation and performance of the standard WiMAX access in RoF link. The performances of throughput and packet loss at different fiber lengths are also investigated and discussed. Furthermore, a WiMAX-RoF field trial is also demonstrated based on a simple two RAUs RoF architecture. It was tested and measured in the SongShan tunnel of the Taiwan high speed railway (THSR).