nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Position estimation of LED matrix in image sensor communication

We focus on the road-to-vehicle visible light communication (VLC) that system is composed of a LED matrix as a transmitter and a high-speed camera as a receiver. In this VLC system, intensity of each LED cannot be determined from received image directly in case that the receiver is distant from the transmitter. In previous research, a method to estimate intensity of the LED from received image is proposed. In this method, intensity of LED is estimated by using Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse matrix of coefficient matrix, which expresses relation between intensity of LEDs and pixel values. However, the coefficient matrix changes every moment because it is determined by positional relation between the receiver and the LED traffic light in VLC system. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate position of the LED matrix using simulated images. We measure sensitivity distribution of image sensor to generate simulated images. We evaluated degree of similarity between simulated images and real images.
Basic Experiments on Paralle Wireless Optical Communication for ITS

In this paper, we propose parallel wireless optical communication with an LED traffic light as a transmitter and a high-speed camera as a receiver. Today, it is proposed to use visible light communication for road-to-vehicle communication, which assists drivers by providing various information. It is also proposed to use LED traffic light as its transmitter. Thus in this paper, we propose a road-to-vehicle communication system using a high-speed camera. In our proposing system, we receive data by capturing the transmitter with the high-speed camera, making it possible to recognize each LED separately. We have examined communication speed and conducted experiment of parallel data transmission under laboratory condition.
Image-sensor-based visible light communication for automotive applications

The present article introduces VLC for automotive applications using an image sensor. In particular, V2I-VLC and V2V-VLC are presented. While previous studies have documented the effectiveness of V2I and V2V communication using radio technology in terms of improving automotive safety, in the present article, we identify characteristics unique to image-sensor-based VLC as compared to radio wave technology. The two primary advantages of a VLC system are its line-of-sight feature and an image sensor that not only provides VLC functions, but also the potential vehicle safety applications made possible by image and video processing. Herein, we present two ongoing image-sensor-based V2I-VLC and V2VVLC projects. In the first, a transmitter using an LED array (which is assumed to be an LED traffic light) and a receiver using a high-framerate CMOS image sensor camera is introduced as a potential V2I-VLC system. For this system, real-time transmission of the audio signal has been confirmed through a field trial. In the second project, we introduce a newly developed CMOS image sensor capable of receiving highspeed optical signals and demonstrate its effectiveness through a V2V communication field trial. In experiments, due to the high-speed signal reception capability of the camera receiver using the developed image sensor, a data transmission rate of 10 Mb/s has been achieved, and image (320 × 240, color) reception has been confirmed together with simultaneous reception of various internal vehicle data, such as vehicle ID and speed.
Experiment of safety drive in an intersection by visual assistances based on HIR system

In resent years, AHS (advanced highway systems) has been studied to realize the automated driving. In AHS, images from cameras are used for sensing, not given to humans, and cars are controlled by using these images, GPS, VICS, etc.. However, machines make errors in sensing and cannot always control cars certainly. This sometimes causes serious traffic accidents. It is very important to solve this problem in AHS . To solve the problem in AHS, we have proposed a new concept system "HIR (Human-Oriented Information Restructuring)". In HIR, images from cameras are used as "images", not for sensing in AHS. We reported an approach of applying HIR system to an intersection. However, the experiment was made on only a diorama and there was also a prerequisite condition that we know the position and direction of all cameras at real time. In this paper, we make experiment on a real intersection. And we remove the conventional prerequisite condition by using some sensors. In addition, we use the difference between three frame images in algorithms to extract an opposite going straight car. Finally, we generate visual assist images and the images displayed on the car monitor are evaluated.
All-around ray-reproducing 3DTV

We have developed a 3DTV system that captures and shows 3D images that covers 360-degree of viewing zone horizontally. 3D images are captured and reproduced as gathering of dense light rays. This system consists of a cylinder-shaped 3D display that allows viewers to see 3D images from 360-degree, a ray capturing unit, a realtime image correction unit, and data transferring system. The capturing unit acquires multiview images from all horizontal directions around an object with narrow view interval, which the display needs as light ray data. The image correction unit can corrects rotation and distortion that caused by optics of ray capturing unit in real time.
Global view and depth format for FTV

We propose a novel 3D space representation for multi-view video, using epipolar plane depth images (EPDI). Multi-view video plus depth (MVD) is used as common data format for FTV(Free-viewpoint TV), which enables synthesizing virtual view images. Due to the large amount of data and complexity of the multi-view video coding (MVC), compression of MVD is a challenging issue. We address this problem and propose a new representation that is constructed from MVD using ray-space. MVD is converted into image and depth ray-spaces. The proposed representation is obtained by converting each of ray-spaces into a global depth map and a KL transformed global view using EPDI. Experiments demonstrate the analysis of this representation, and its efficiency.
View Generation by Ray-Space Method in Circular Camera Setup for FTV

In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate free viewpoint image in circular camera setup. The proposed method is based on the Ray-Space method, and we can generate a free viewpoint image from the Ray-Space which is not dense enough by interpolation techniques. In a past method , a captured image is regarded as an orthographic image to simplify the interpolation process. However, this is an approximate means, and does not work in the case that an object is big compared to a circle or the object is not at the center of a circle. In contrast, the proposed method can be applied to the case of perspective camera model by analyzing the trajectory of a ray in the Ray Space. In experiment with a real sequence captured at every 6 or 12 degrees, we set the virtual camera at user's choice and generated the image from that viewpoint successfully.
Pattern Mining as Abduction from Snapshots to Spatio-temporal Patterns

The paper describes an abductive framework for mining spatio-temporal patterns. The spatial representation language RCC-8, often referred to as Region Connection Calculus and its spatio-temporal extension, ST0, a fragment of Prepositional Spatio-temporal Logic is used as the knowledge representation formalism. Abductive reasoning may yield more than one possible answer and is accompanied by some preference criteria. Here, the abduction technique is circumscription which implements the heuristic that changes should only occur when forced to.
Electrical impedance plethysmography based device for aortic pulse monitoring

In this paper, we have proposed a novel design for recording aortic pulse wave using electrical impedance technique. Unlike conventional ECG, photo-plethysmography, and pulse oximetry measurements, the proposed design provides a portable, cost effective and instantaneous representation of aortic pulse wave recording. The proposed circuit design has been validated by bench testing it, using a lab standard skin model. The results obtained can be further used for determining various vital health care parameters like arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, etc.
A survey on image retrieval performance of different bag of visual words indexing techniques

In this paper a survey has been carried out over image retrieval performances of bag of visual words (BoVW) method using different indexing techniques. Bag of visual word method is a content based image retrieval technique, where images are represented as a sparse vector of occurrences of visual words. In this paper different indexing techniques are used to compute near similar visual word vectors of a query image. Locality sensitive hashing, SR-tree based indexing and naive L1 and L2 norm based distance metric calculation are used here. Standard datasets like, UKBench [19], holiday dataset [9] and images from SMARAK1 are used for performance analysis.
A Novel Approach for Face Recognition Using DCT Coefficients Re-scaling for Illumination Normalization

A novel approach for illumination normalization is proposed by exploiting the correlation of discrete cosine transform (DCT) low-frequency coefficients to illumination variations. The input image contrast is stretched using full image histogram equalization. Then the low-frequency DCT coefficients (except first) are re-scaled to lower value to compensate the illumination variations. The first (DC) coefficient is scaled to higher value for further contrast enhancement. The experiments are performed on the Yale B database and the results show that the performance of the proposed approach is better for the images with large illumination variations. The proposed technique is computationally efficient and can easily be implemented for real time face recognition system.
Tele-consultation using Clinical Document Architecture in disease specific domains

In recent times, telemedicine has become an essential and integral part of e-healthcare. Telemedicine helps a patient to receive health care services from distant location. Under the diverse scenario of health care services, it is often required that different telemedicine systems should interoperate with each other. However, syntactic and/or semantic mismatch in data and service often restrict the system interoperability. We have addressed that interoperability through Clinical Document Architecture (CDA), an HL7 standard for clinical document. Until recently, CDA specifies standards of document generation for different use cases such as progress note, discharge summary, operative note etc. but disease specific document development is not addressed explicitly. In this paper, we have focused on disease specific (pediatric HIV for example) refinement of clinical document architecture to build appropriate consultation notes for tele-consultation.
Psychovisual saliency in color images

Visual attention is an indispensable component of complex vision tasks. When looking at a complex scene, our ocular perception is confronted with a large amount of data that needs to be broken down for processing by our psychovisual system. Selective visual attention provides a mechanism for serializing the visual data, allowing for sequential processing of the content of the scene. A Bottom-Up computational model is described that simulates the psycho-visual model of saliency based on features of intensity and color. The method gives sequential priorities to objects which other computational models cannot account for. The results demonstrate a fast execution time, full resolution maps and high detection accuracy. The model is applicable on both natural and artificial images.
Performance comparison of a distributed source coding scheme using Log-MAP and SOVA decoder in an AWGN channel

This paper presents a distributed source coding scheme for two correlated image data using Log-MAP and SOVA decoders. Both decoderspsila peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) performance has been studied in symmetric as well as asymmetric turbo codes environment. Turbo codes are promising for distributed source coding (DSC) because of their simple encoding implementation and impressive decoding performance. Owing to simple encoding and impressive coding efficiency, DSC is becoming one of the enabling technologies for sensor networks. In this paper, the impact of data correlation and additive noise (AWGN) on distributed source coded image data evaluated in terms of its PSNR performance. This work also evaluates the performance by transmitting the side information through an AWGN channel unlike earlier proposals which assume perfect side information at the decoder. It is observed that Log-MAP decoder performs better than SOVA decoder in the distributed source coding environment also although DSC with Log-MAP decoder is more computationally complex than that of the SOVA decoder. Simulation results are presented for different degrees of correlation between two image data using Log-MAP and SOVA decoding algorithms. It is also observed that a higher correlation corresponds to better side-information and it improves the performance of image reconstruction in both the decoding algorithms.
Suitable features for visual saliency computation in monochrome images

Saliency computation must consider usage of suitable combination of features along with an appropriate model to deliver desired performance. In this paper, important features for visual saliency computation are identified by analysing the performance of all possible combinations of a set of common candidate features. Combination of intensity and orientation is found to be suitable for monochrome images. Principal component analysis (PCA) on selected features is also performed. Usage of only the first principal component of selected features achieves good performance and reduces feature channels to save computational resources to a great extent.
Achieving e-health care in a distributed EHR system

In modern health care, use of web based EHR (Electronic Health Record) system has increased remarkably because of its world-wide accessibility and the facility of the collaborative work among multiple users. Major drawbacks of such centralized web based system are link failure and low or no fault tolerance. In an unreliable network, it is very commonplace that service is unavailable due to connection failure. The problem motivates us to devise a decentralized system that would work seamlessly in unreliable Internet infrastructure. In this paper, we have presented such an e-healthcare system (named iMedikD) which supports both local and centralized access where hospitalwise responsibility is delegated among multiple peripheral servers. Therefore, by lowering the dependency over the external links the system is able to keep the peripheral services running uninterrupted. Only in case of remote referral, peripheral servers communicate through external links to web based servers with a view to minimize bandwidth utilization.
Transcoding in the block DCT space

Transcoding enables the transformation of multimedia content to adapt to a diverse nature of client/user requirements. In this paper, we propose a technique for transcoding wavelet coefficients to block DCT coefficients in the transform domain. In the first step, the wavelet coefficients are transformed into upsampled block DCT coefficients. Subsequently these transformed coefficients are synthesized by filtering in the block DCT space. To reduce the transcoding complexity, we perform upsampling and filtering operations in a single combined step. The proposed transcoding approach restricts all operations of the synthesis process in the block DCT space. The proposed approach achieves the same quality of reconstruction (Except rounding errors in processing) as that of spatial domain technique with reduced complexity for a given wavelet synthesis filter bank.
Keynote address: Exciting moments of research: Revisiting a few problems on image processing

In this talk, I would like to revisit some of the research problems in the area of image processing, on which I worked in the past and share my excitement of conceiving those ideas and unfolding them to their detailed exposition. In my talk, I will briefly cover different research problems on topics, such as geometric analysis of images, fractal image and video compression, and color image processing. A brief outline of each of these topics is provided below. There are various applications of digital geometry in processing images, specifically bi-level or binary images. Efficient preprocessing techniques such as, thinning, segmentation, wire-framing etc. are developed exploiting the geometry in the discrete space. There exist also various digital metrics such as octagonal metrics, which are found to be useful in approximating Euclidean metric. Moreover, Medial Axis Transform (MAT) of images defined in those metric spaces, are efficient to compute and process for various purposes, such as applying geometric transformation to the objects, computation of cross-sections of 3-D objects, computation of surface normals, etc. Fractal models of images fascinated many researchers and in the nineties (of the last century), there were many efforts for developing efficient compression and decompression algorithms using fractal representation. One of our interesting work in this regard was to study the convergence of the decompression algorithm, which also helped developing efficient linear time decoding algorithm. The concept was also found to be useful enough for its application in video compression. In color processing, we would address various issues on deomosaicing, constancy and enhancement. Some of these algorithms were also extended in the compressed domain.
An electronic travel aid for navigation of visually impaired persons

This paper presents an electronic travel aid for blind people to navigate safely and quickly, an obstacle detection system using ultrasonic sensors and USB camera based visual navigation has been considered. The proposed system detects the obstacles up to 300 cm via sonar and sends feedback (beep sound) to inform the person about its location. In addition to this, an USB webcam is connected with eBox 2300™ Embedded System for capturing the field of view of the user, which is used for finding the properties of the obstacle in particular, in the context of this work, locating a human being. Identification of human presence is based on face detection and cloth texture analysis. The major constraints for these algorithms to run on Embedded System are small image frame (160×120) having reduced faces, limited memory and very less processing time available to achieve real time image processing requirements. The algorithms are implemented in C++ using Visual Studio 5.0 IDE, which runs on Windows CE™ environment.
Building a web based cognitive restructuring program for promoting resilience in a college campus

College mental health is an area of significant importance. A number of stressors relating to career, relationships and life events collide during this life phase, when young adults learn to be autonomous. A major developmental task is making appropriate life choices in the face of freedom and contradictory messages from a wide range of sources. Thus identifying individuals in distress and building means to promote resilience would be relevant to any college setting. Resilience building has been a major area of concern to educators across the world. The main reason is that it is impossible to conduct face to face counselling on several occasions in a large college setting. This present study aims to build a web-based multi-step cognitive restructuring program to help young adults identify and deal with maladaptive, negative thoughts, and emotions, thereby effectively attempting to promote resilience, and improve psychological health among college students. Considering the sensitivity of the data present in the system, it has been developed following the multitier architecture with an intention to block access by unauthorized users. The system is meant to be interactive and regular feedback should be taken from the subjects. The counsellor should be given access to the full information of the subjects for evaluation. Additional tools for psychological assessment can be incorporated by the therapist into the system for an individual subject, if further evaluations are required. The system offers a generic platform for the development of other web-based interactive Computer Assisted Cognitive Behavioural Training programs addressing needs of specific populations.
An evaluation of human perception for neonatal cry using a database of cry and underlying cause

This study aims to test the hypothesis that whether caretakers are able to perceive the basic needs of neonates solely based on cry. A database of 315 neonatal cries was built and systematically labeled in postnatal nursery at a government run tertiary hospital at Kolkata. All the cries were labeled as hunger, pain, wet diaper and others constituting 4 different classes. A computer based evaluation system generated fifty or more cries in a random order for participants to listen. Participants were expected to predict the causes of cries after a preliminary training session. A significant proportion of participants were able to classify them into reason based classes. There is a fair agreement in these interpretations among evaluators. Results support our hypothesis. The study indicates the existence of a perceptible component in the cry signal. Auditory feature variations in the neonatal cry are perceptible by the human ears guiding an individual towards an effective need based classification. The study emphasizes the possibilities that adults can be trained to correctly perceive the needs of a baby by using a cry database. Such training systems will definitely improving the care of newborn.
Image resizing in the compressed domain

Image resizing is used to convert an image of a given size to one of a different size. There exist different algorithms for resizing an image both in the spatial domain, as well as in the frequency domain where it is stored in compressed form. There are certain advantages of performing the resizing operation directly in the compressed domain. First, it saves the computational overhead of inverse and forward transforms. Next, by exploiting various properties of the transform domain, it is possible to design efficient fast algorithms providing good quality reconstructed image in the spatial domain. In this paper, we review a few algorithms for resizing an image by arbitrary sizes and provide a brief comparison of their performances.
A New Image Watermarking Scheme Using Saliency Based Visual Attention Model

In this paper, a new spatial domain adaptive image watermarking scheme is proposed which embeds watermark information to the least salient pixels of the image. Watermarked image thus produced has less perceptual error with respect to human visual system (HVS). In proposed scheme least salient pixels are determined using the well known Itti-Koch model. Experimental results reveal that proposed scheme has less per- ceptual error than existing spatial domain embedding scheme.
5-DoF monocular visual localization over grid based floor

Reliable localization is one of the most important parts of an MAV system. Localization in an indoor GPS-denied environment is a relatively difficult problem. Current vision based algorithms track optical features to calculate odometry. We present a novel localization method which can be applied in an environment having orthogonal sets of equally spaced lines to form a grid. With the help of a monocular camera and using the properties of the grid-lines below, the MAV is localized inside each sub-cell of the grid and consequently over the entire grid for a relative localization over the grid. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system onboard a customized MAV platform. The experimental results show that our method provides accurate 5-DoF localization over grid lines and it can be performed in real-time.