nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of wind only system with battery energy storage and dump load

It has become imperative for the power and energy engineers to look out for the renewable energy sources such as sun, wind, geothermal, ocean and biomass as sustainable, cost-effective and environment friendly alternatives for conventional energy sources. However, the non-availability of these renewable energy resources all the time throughout the year has led to research in the area of hybrid renewable energy systems. Since hybrid power systems are mostly used in remote areas where grid-connection may be unavailable; these systems must be self-sufficient in frequency and voltage control. In this paper, other power elements are introduced to provide reliable service to the system load and simulated the wind turbine generator with DL showing graphs for frequency, voltage and active and reactive power for the elements of the system. These elements are called balancing mechanisms, as they balance the system's power output to match the load consumption. Fuel Cells, batteries, dump loads (DL), and fossil fuel based generation have been used as balancing mechanisms. Hybrid power system is simulated and the performance analysis is done in a user friendly MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show that with DL frequency regulator helps in maintaining system frequency and the voltage variations are reduced. The main objectives of the model implementation are controlled flow of active power. The wind turbine kept under electrical load without losing synchronism with the help of Battery energy storage and the Dump load.
Generating Distributed Query Processing Plans Using Genetic Algorithm

Distributed query processing has become essential in today’s scenario to address the changing business needs of users. It aims to arrive at an optimal query processing plan for a given distributed query. This is a complex process as the number of possible query processing plans grows rapidly with increase in the number of sites used, and relations accessed, by the query. Therefore, there is a need to determine optimal query processing plans among all possible plans. The approach presented in this paper attempts to generate such optimal query processing plans using genetic algorithm. As per the approach, the query plans having the required data residing close to each other are considered more efficient and, therefore, are generated. These generated query plans would result in efficient query processing. Further, experimental results show that the approach is able to generate such optimal query processing plans in a fewer number of generations.
Rainbow table to crack password using MD5 hashing algorithm

Rainbow tables are basically huge tables filled with hash values and are used to find required password. Rainbow Table is used by the hackers to find the password by reversing the hashing function. Hashing the plaintext or password is a 1-way function which implies that hash can't be decrypted to find the required password[10]. To authenticate the user a system takes the hash value generated by the hash function on user's computer and it is compared with the hash value stored in the table on the server machine. If the hash matches, then the user is authenticated and can access the system. Rainbow tables are used to crack the password in short amount of time as compared to brute force technique, but it takes a lot of storage to hold rainbow table itself[1]. It is the most efficient methods for cracking passwords. This paper presents the implementation of Rainbow tables for cracking passwords of operating systems such as Windows7 and application which uses Message Digest v5(MD5) and Simple Hash Algorithmv1(SHA1) as their password hashing mechanism. It discusses the functionality of Rainbow Tables and its advantages over conventional brute-force approach and the usage of rainbow table to crack windows password.
A novel low power keeper technique for pseudo domino logic

Dynamic domino logic circuits are used for high system performance. The dynamic circuits offer superior speed and power dissipation over static CMOS circuits. But these circuits suffer from limitations such as charge leakage, noise and charge sharing. This article provides analysis of the different keeper topologies on pseudo domino logic circuits with reference to power dissipation. The circuit simulations for the analysis of power dissipation have been done on Tanner EDA tool for 45 nm technology. The proposed precharge keeper technique is proffered to economize power dissipation by approximately 45% and transistor count by 25%.
Asymmetrical firing of 12-pulse converter for controlled P-Q operation using PIC microcontroller

In this paper asymmetrical firing pulse operation of a 12-pulse converter using PIC microcontroller PIC16F873A is presented. The study shows that it is possible to control independently the active and reactive power flow in a 12-pulse converter for a number of combinations of firing angles of the constituent 6-pulse converters. Constant VAr operation of the 12-pulse converter is experimentally verified and presented. The selection of microchip's PIC family of microcontrollers is done based on its low cost, interface with C programming language and easy to handle built in peripheral features
Periocular Recognition Using Unsupervised Convolutional RBM Feature Learning

Automated and accurate biometrics identification using periocular imaging has wide range of applications from human surveillance to improving performance for iris recognition systems, especially under less-constrained imaging environment. Restricted Boltzmann Machine is a generative stochastic neural network that can learn the probability distribution over its set of inputs. As a convolutional version of Restricted Boltzman Machines, CRBM aim to accommodate large image sizes and greatly reduce the computational burden. However in the best of our knowledge, the unsupervised feature learning methods have not been explored in biometrics area except for the face recognition. This paper explores the effectiveness of CRBM model for the periocular recognition. We perform experiments on periocular image database from the largest number of subjects (300 subjects as test subjects) and simultaneously exploit key point features for improving the matching accuracy. The experimental results are presented on publicly available database, the Ubripr database, and suggest effectiveness of RBM feature learning for automated periocular recognition with the large number of subjects. The results from the investigation in this paper also suggest that the supervised metric learning can be effectively used to achieve superior performance than the conventional Euclidean distance metric for the periocular identification.
Lattice Boltzmann computation of two dimensional differentailly heated cavity of incompressible fluid with different aspect ratios

Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is a novel computational technique to solve fluid flow problem in bounded domain. Continuum based methods are being widely used to solve the natural convection problem, whereas in the last two decades, mesoscopic approach has gained popularity to solve heat transfer and fluid flow problems. In natural convection cavity, density difference caused by heating and cooling of fluid at different locations gives rise to buoyancy force which in turn drives the fluid flow. The right side and left side wall of the cavity is made hot and cold respectively whereas top and bottom walls are made adiabatic. In the present work, natural convection problem of differently heated cavity with constant Prandtl number (Pr = 0.71) and varying Rayleigh number (Ra =103-106) is solved employing LBM to study the effect of various aspect ratios (H/L) on both Nusselt number and streamlines. Results are plotted in the form of streamlines and isotherms for different Rayleigh numbers at different aspect ratios. Nusselt numbers are obtained at the hot wall and cold wall to study the rate of heat transfer. Obtained results are compared with the existing results. It is found that with increase of Rayleigh number, there is increase in the Nusselt number. The increment in aspect ratio leads to the significant decrement in the Nusselt number and vice versa.
Modeling Network Decisions under Uncertainty: Countervailing Externalities and Embedded Options

The analysis of externalities in technology-based networks continues to be of significant managerial importance in e-commerce and traditional IS operations. Competitive strategy, economics and IS researchers share this interest, and have been exploring technology adoption, development and product launch contexts where understanding the issues is critical. We examine three levels of analysis in which positive demand-side and negative congestion externalities act as countervailing drivers of business value: the market or economy level, the business process or firm level, and the individual or product level. We develop game-theoretic deterministic expected-value models to analyze countervailing network externalities, and illustrate their application in several real world settings. We further illustrate how managerial decision-making can be enriched using real options analysis in contexts involving dynamic countervailing externalities
Dopant and carrier profiling for 3D-device architectures

For continued downscaling at 22nm node and beyond, FinFETs have now emerged as the device of choice due to an unprecedented combination of performance improvement (increased Id) and power reduction (low leakage) . A crucial aspect in the process design is the recognition that the drive current control in FinFETs is dominated by the sidewall doping (dose retention/activation), as shown in Figure 1 , whereas short channel effects are linked to dopant conformality. This represents a challenge for the junction formation of 3D-device architectures (FinFETs) as we need to combine both aspects simultaneously i.e. high sidewall doping and conformality. To achieve this goal several doping alternatives are being considered such as traditional ion implantation , vapor phase doping [4] and variants of plasma doping , . Obviously, adequate development of these processes requires the availability of 3D-dopant and carrier profiling techniques with sub-nm resolution.
Iterative layering: Optimizing arithmetic circuits by structuring the information flow

Current logic synthesis techniques are ineffective for arithmetic circuits. They perform poorly for XOR-dominated circuits, and those with a high fan-in dependency between inputs and outputs. Many optimizers, therefore employ libraries of hand-optimized arithmetic components, but cannot optimize across component boundaries. To remedy this situation, we introduce a new logic synthesis algorithm which analyzes the input circuit based on its behavior on a set of random assignments of input variables, and outputs a structural implementation of the input circuit. The method presented here is similar to the covering algorithm used in multi-level optimizations; however, it is not based on Sum-of-Product form, or any specific input representation. Our experiments show that our approach is not only capable of automatically reproducing some known architectural implementations without any prior knowledge about the functionality of the circuit, but also, in some cases, it is able to discover completely new designs which we have not seen described in literature.
Exploring cyclic prefix for secret data transmission over LTE networks

The OFDM has become a promising technology in the field of digital communication and it is adopted by multiple communication standards such as LTE, WiFi. The secure transmission of secret data through the wireless channel is a desirable task in all of these communication standards. Multiple encryption based techniques have been proposed to secure the communication. However, in some scenarios, it is required to hide the mere existence of the transmission which cannot be ensured by conventional encryption based approaches due to the accessibility to encrypted text by the adversary. In this paper, we have analyzed the modification of cyclic prefix to communicate secretly over the downlink channel of LTE. The simulation results show that the cyclic prefix modification without power normalization results in large bit error rate in the main channel. The simulation results over realistic fading channel show that the secret data cannot be decoded correctly without using any spreading technique due to ISI effect with high data rate. We have proposed a new FFT based method for secret data transmission by exploring cyclic prefix and the proposed method is suitable for a realistic fading channel.
Design analysis of wireless sensors in BAN for stress monitoring of fighter pilots

It is anticipated that wearable wireless sensors in body area network (BAN) will increase the functionality of lifestyle and health care devices to gradually match the needs of society by year 2010 and people will carry their personal Body Area Network. The applications in areas like lifestyle, assisted living, sports, entertainment functionalities, toxic levels in the lungs of a Fire-Fighter, radiation exposure in war zones etc are already being explored.
Improved use of the carry-save representation for the synthesis of complex arithmetic circuits

The increasing importance of datapath circuits in complex systems-on-chip calls for special arithmetic optimisations. The goal is to achieve automatically the handcrafted results which escape classic logic optimisations. Some work has been done in the recent years to infer the use of the carry-save representation in the synthesis of arithmetic circuits. Yet, many cases of practical interest cannot be handled due to the scattering of logic operations among the arithmetic ones - especially in arithmetic computations which are originally described at the bit level in high-level languages such as C. We therefore introduce an algorithm to restructure dataflow graphs so that they can be synthesized in high-quality arithmetic circuits, close, to those that an expert designer would conceive. On typical embedded software benchmarks which could be advantageously implemented with hardware accelerators, our technique always reduces tangibly the critical path by up to 46% and generally achieves the quality of manual implementations. In many cases, our algorithm also manages to reduce the cell area by up to 10-20%.
Towards Online Iris and Periocular Recognition Under Relaxed Imaging Constraints

Online iris recognition using distantly acquired images in a less imaging constrained environment requires the development of a efficient iris segmentation approach and recognition strategy that can exploit multiple features available for the potential identification. This paper presents an effective solution toward addressing such a problem. The developed iris segmentation approach exploits a random walker algorithm to efficiently estimate coarsely segmented iris images. These coarsely segmented iris images are postprocessed using a sequence of operations that can effectively improve the segmentation accuracy. The robustness of the proposed iris segmentation approach is ascertained by providing comparison with other state-of-the-art algorithms using publicly available UBIRIS.v2, FRGC, and CASIA.v4-distance databases. Our experimental results achieve improvement of 9.5%, 4.3%, and 25.7% in the average segmentation accuracy, respectively, for the UBIRIS.v2, FRGC, and CASIA.v4-distance databases, as compared with most competing approaches. We also exploit the simultaneously extracted periocular features to achieve significant performance improvement. The joint segmentation and combination strategy suggest promising results and achieve average improvement of 132.3%, 7.45%, and 17.5% in the recognition performance, respectively, from the UBIRIS.v2, FRGC, and CASIA.v4-distance databases, as compared with the related competing approaches.
Provision for reactive power market in the reactive power control groups

Implementation of electricity market is facing many challenges in developing countries like India. The market for real power is gaining more interest of investors while the market for reactive power has less incentive due to its technical limitation. But reactive power is of importance for system security and improving the line transmission capacity. The system operator is therefore willing to buy reactive power from different sources to ensure the necessary potential at each node of the system. The paper discusses an approach for market for reactive power in reactive power control groups using the concept of electrical distances. The approach does not involve any optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm for avoiding the complexity and non-convergence for large systems but discusses a simple and economical market provision for reactive power. The approach is illustrated with the transmission system of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL).
Trimless second order curvature compensated bandgap reference using diffusion resistor

A trim-less second order curvature compensated bandgap reference current using diffusion resistor is presented. An order of magnitude higher sheet-resistance (x50) and tighter process control of diffusion resistor than the poly has enabled this work to achieve the same current in one-third area. The process spread of diffusion resistor and VPNP transistor tracks each other, thereby resulting in higher accuracy without using any trim techniques. The proposed circuit is fabricated in a 0.5μm CMOS process. The measured reference current has a variation of 46ppm/°C over a temperature range of −55°C to 125°C.
Reliable High Speed Data Acquisition System Using FPGA

This paper presents design and implementation of a Data Acquisition System (DAS) in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) using System on Chip (SoC) methodology. To ensure the reliability of data being transmitted over the Channel, a suitable framing interface along with error detection is proposed and interfaced with Xilinx Aurora IP core. The proposed DAS is capable of transmitting the data @ 1.25 Gbps over the channel. The main advantage of the proposed DAS is that the configuration and monitoring is done using the in-built PowerPC processor of FPGA through Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). This type of DAS is suitable for multi channel acoustic data acquisition and in Electronics Warfare systems.
An Innovative Battery Charger for Safe Charging of NiMH/NiCd Batteries

This paper presents the design and development of a novel battery charger for simultaneous charging of two NiMH/NiCd batteries. The design supports fast charging of batteries with different configuration and capacity. The charger periodically monitors the battery parameters; voltage, current and temperature; calculates the voltage and temperature gradient; for precise measurement and control of battery charging. The proposed design provides multiple charging current options with automated selection of optimum charging rate for the battery being charged. The novelty of this design lies in accurate procedure adopted to end the fast charging cycle; this ensures complete, fast and safe charging of the battery pack. The design is implemented using an 8-bit microcontroller which controls and monitors the charging operation. The battery status and parameters are displayed on an LCD. Reentrant procedures are adopted in software writing that enable common software to control multiple batteries simultaneously. The proposed design is implemented and tested on NiMH and NiCd battery packs, which confirm the utility of the proposed design.
A novel approach for leakage power reduction in deep submicron technologies in CMOS VLSI circuits

Leakage currents are one of the major design concerns in Deep sub-micron (DSM) technology due to rapid integration of semiconductor industries by reducing the transistor size. Many parameter has been reduces with technology scaling such as Threshold voltage, oxide thickness, channel length and supply voltage (Vdd) has been reduced to keep power consumption under control. As a consequence, the transistor threshold voltage (Vth) is also scaled down to maintain the drive current capability and to achieve performance improvement when reducing the technology node. However, the threshold voltage reduction increases sub-threshold current exponentially. In this paper analysis of some of the leakage reduction technique and compare them with proposed technique for mitigating the leakage power, with the combination of sleep with Galeor which reduces the average power consumption for low and High Vth in Basic Nand Gate 36.47% & 49.0%, Force Stack 62.90% & 70.18%, Sleep Transistor with Low Vth 33.30% & 46.39%, High Vth 47.66 % & 57.93%, sleepy Keeper 58.92% & 66.98 % respectively.
High Performance Pipelined Signed 64x64-Bit Multiplier Using Radix-32 Modified Booth Algorithm and Wallace Structure

This paper manly focus on enhancing speed performance of signed multiplication using radix-32 modified Booth algorithm and Wallace Structure. It is designed for fixed length 64x64 bit operands. 3:2and 4:2 Compressor used in Wallace tree structure accumulate partial products. Using both compressor, No. of levels has been reduced that also causes enhancing the speed of multiplier. An efficient VHDL code has been written and successfully synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE 9.2i and Model Sim PE Student Edition 10.2c. Proposed pipelined signed 64x64 bit multiplier using radix-32 Booth algorithm and Wallace tree structure provides less delay 1.4 ns and required 87% less number of levels in Wallace tree structure, 76% less total number of Compressor, 70% less generated partial products as compared to conventional multipliers.
Allocating the cost of reactive power by using modified value based approach and tracing method

In an open accessed transmission system, the costs of each ancillary service will be unbundled. This paper presents two methods, i.e., a value based approach and tracing method of allocating the cost of reactive power purchased by contract or from a bidding market. These methods have gain importance as their solutions help in evaluating a fair and transparent tariff plan. The applicability of these approaches is illustrated with a five bus case study.
A New Antispoofing Approach for Biometric Devices

The deployment of fingerprint sensors is increasingly becoming common and has now gained high user acceptance. However, fingerprint sensors are susceptible to spoofing using artificial materials or in worst case to the dismembered fingers. Fake/gummy fingerprints have shown to fool most commercial fingerprint systems. This paper proposes a new method of anti-spoofing using reliable liveness detection. The proposed method of liveness detection is based on the principle of pulse oximetry and involves the source of light originating from a probe at two wavelengths. The light is partly absorbed by haemoglobin, by amounts which differ depending on whether it is saturated with oxygen or deoxygenated haemoglobin. We then perform the computations for the absorption at two wavelengths to estimate the proportion of haemoglobin which is oxygenated. The computed percentage of oxygen in the blood, along with the heart pulse rate, determines the liveness of the enrolled biometric. Our experimental results demonstrate that the developed prototype can successfully thwart the spoof attacks (including those based on dismembered fingers).