nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-adaptive face recognition

While the state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms are designed with the goal of reliably recognizing faces under uncontrolled imaging conditions, the performance of these face recognizers varies in the real-world applications, depending on how much the face appearance statistics in the testing data matches with those in the training data. Assuming the imaging condition is not subject to frequent changes at a particular application site where the face recognition systems are deployed, we propose to do site adaptation for a generic face recognizer based on a small adaptation data set captured at the site. Based on an OSFV [21] face recognizer with Gabor features selected by Adaboost algorithm, we propose several site adaptation methods at the feature level and at the model level. Our experiment results show that the proposed site adaptation approaches can boost the performance of our generic face recognition algorithm based on a small adaptation dataset acquired from the site with a different imaging condition.
Intrusion Detection Based on State Context and Hierarchical Trust in Wireless Sensor Networks

Security problems have become obstacles in the practical application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and intrusion detection is the second line of defense. In this paper, an intrusion detection based on dynamic state context and hierarchical trust in WSNs is proposed, which is flexible and suitable for constantly changing WSNs characterized by changes in the perceptual environment, transitions of states of nodes, and variations in trust value. A multidimensional two-tier hierarchical trust mechanism in the level of sensor nodes (SNs) and cluster heads (CHs) considering interactive trust, honesty trust, and content trust is put forward, which combines direct evaluation and feedback-based evaluation in the fixed hop range. This means that the trust of SNs is evaluated by CHs, and the trust of CHs is evaluated by neighbor CHs and BS; in this way, the complexity of evaluation is reduced without evaluations by all other CHs in networks. Meanwhile, the intrusion detection mechanism based on a self-adaptive dynamic trust threshold is described, which improves the flexibility and applicability and is suitable for cluster-based WSNs. The experiment simulation and evaluation indicate that the mechanism we proposed outperforms the existing typical system in malicious detection and resource overhead.
On optimizing subspaces for face recognition

We propose a subspace learning algorithm for face recognition by directly optimizing recognition performance scores. Our approach is motivated by the following observations: 1) Different face recognition tasks (i.e., face identification and verification) have different performance metrics, which implies that there exist distinguished subspaces that optimize these scores, respectively. Most prior work focused on optimizing various discriminative or locality criteria and neglect such distinctions. 2) As the gallery (target) and the probe (query) data are collected in different settings in many real-world applications, there could exist consistent appearance incoherences between the gallery and the probe data for the same subject. Knowledge regarding these incoherences could be used to guide the algorithm design, resulting in performance gain. Prior efforts have not focused on these facts. In this paper, we rigorously formulate performance scores for both the face identification and the face verification tasks, provide a theoretical analysis on how the optimal subspaces for the two tasks are related, and derive gradient descent algorithms for optimizing these subspaces. Our extensive experiments on a number of public databases and a real-world face database demonstrate that our algorithm can improve the performance of given subspace based face recognition algorithms targeted at a specific face recognition task.
Oversaturated traffic signal optimization based on active control

In order to solve the decrease of traffic efficiency of road network, which is caused by overlarge traffic demand of urban regions at peak time, and resource waste of roads due to the heterogeneity of traffic distribution in regions, this paper proposes an active control model for oversaturated area based on border demand control and internal balance control of regional network, builds the bi-level programming optimization of objective function for boundary and internal signal control. The simulation results verify the validity of this method.
Semantic Unit Based Question Representation

Question representation is a fundamental task in Question Answering (QA) system. An approach based on semantic unit (SU) is proposed, which selects the domain words and phrases as semantic components, and organize them together to form SU instances according their relationships in domain ontology. The question is represented by the vector of SU instances. With the supports of shallow semantic analysis and domain ontology, SUs instances are easily constructed and extracted using some simple rules. In a QA system of computer fault diagnoses restricted domain, the proposed method has been employed and implemented. Experimental results have shown its efficiency and contributions to the improvement of overall performance of QA.
Investigating the Discriminative Power of Keystroke Sound

The goal of this paper is to determine whether keystroke sound can be used to recognize a user. In this regard, we analyze the discriminative power of keystroke sound in the context of a continuous user authentication application. Motivated by the concept of digraphs used in modeling keystroke dynamics, a virtual alphabet is first learned from keystroke sound segments. Next, the digraph latency within the pairs of virtual letters, along with other statistical features, is used to generate match scores. The resultant scores are indicative of the similarities between two sound streams, and are fused to make a final authentication decision. Experiments on both static text-based and free text-based authentications on a database of 50 subjects demonstrate the potential as well as the limitations of keystroke sound.
Hybrid finite element-charge simulation method for SF/sub 6/ tank type circuit breaker with double breaks analysis

The electric field simulation for the axisymmetric configuration of the SF/sub 6/ tank type circuit breaker is proposed based on the domain decomposition method in this paper. The mathematical model is based on coupling finite element method (FEM) and charge simulation method (CSM). It is shown that the hybrid FEM-CSM is capable in calculating the complex open boundary problem, demonstrating the great potential of the hybrid method in different fields.
Dynamic arc modeling based on computation of couple electric field and flow field for high voltage SF/sub 6/ interrupter

In this paper, a dynamic arc model based on computation of coupled electric field and flow field for a high voltage (HV) SF/sub 6/ interrupter has been investigated and analyzed. Moreover, for simulating the insulating performance and interrupting characteristics of the SF/sub 6/ interrupter, dynamic variation of the arc in different interrupting cases, such as before current zero, approaching zero and after current zero have been established, and the compressibility and viscosity of SF/sub 6/ gas in the whole interrupting course has been taken into consideration. Interrupting performance and dielectric recovery characteristic of the HV SF/sub 6/ interrupter have been obtained and discussed. Fairly good representations of interrupting evolutionary processes within the arc-quenching chamber and arc dynamic characteristics have been achieved using the proposed model. And interrupting performance with higher precision has been obtained.
Multivariable Optimal Design of Vacuum Interrupter using Novel Self-adaptive Genetic Algorithm

An improved self-adaptive genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced for efficiently optimizing the complex structure and multi-variants cases. In optimizing, alleles operation and self-adaptive adjustment of the crossover and the mutant operator have been realized. The feasibility and the validity of the proposed improved GA have been verified using the typical testing function. Furthermore, the optimization of a vacuum interrupter (VI) has been successfully accomplished using the proposed GA. In optimizing, the shape of the contact has been considered as the optimized variable, and the objective function is to minimize the maximum electric field strength. Moreover the simulation results have been figured out
Study on Arc Chaos for SF6 Circuit Breaker Based on Coupled Physical Field Simulation

Based on the N-S and Maxwell equation, a mathematical model describing the arc behavior in SF6 circuit breaker (CB) has been deduced. The effect of Lorentz force, turbulent and physical parameters on the characteristic of arc plasma was considered in the model. Using the finite volume method, the distributions of controlling parameters for arc in SF6 circuit breaker, such as viscosity, electric conductivity, heat diffusion and heat conductivity have been calculated. By linearizing a set of nonlinear differential equation for arc model according to the theory of differential geometry, arc instable property has been analyzed and nonlinear differential equations with constant coefficient for arc in SF6 CB has been obtained. By adjusting the controlling parameter of arc in SF6 CB, the variations of amplitude parameters and phase trajectory in the phase space with time have been analyzed. The calculation results show that the nonlinear system for SF6 CB has significant chaotic behavior.
A vascular bifurcations detection method based on Transfer Learning model

Many distinguished methods for vascular network detection in fundus images were proposed to help the diagnosis of clinical diseases. The vascular bifurcation sample in OCT projection images is quite limited while it is sufficient in the corresponding fundus images. In this paper, we proposed a transfer learning-based method to detect the vascular bifurcations in OCT projection images using supervised transfer learning method. The samples from fundus images are utilized with transfer learning technique for vascular bifurcations detection in OCT projection images. The experimental results show the accuracy of vascular bifurcations detection can be improved by the proposed method.
Two Stage Semantic Relation Extraction

Ontology is applied to a real-world web intelligent question answering system in PC troubleshooting domain as an improvement, so semantic relations need to be extracted to construct ontology semi-automatically. The paper mainly pays attention to "product-trouble" relation and "product-attribute" relation. A two stage semantic relation extraction method is proposed. In stage one, relation identification is executed to produce high-precision relations instance as the seed for next stage; stage two is the actual relation extraction process, the related terms which describe troubleshooting information and attribute information are extracted based on association rules, then the terms is clustered to find target semantic relation. The relation extraction integrated the advantage of pattern-based and clustering-based methods. The experimental results show it is superior to individual pattern-based and clustering-based methods in precision and recall.
Investigation on dielectric recovery strength for the DC-VCB with multi-breaks

For the 126kV DC vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) with multi-breaks, the continuous transition model, metal vapor and ion density are introduced to describe the dynamic mathematical model of dielectric recovery with intermediate frequency vacuum arcs. During the breaking process, the numerical simulation is employed to obtain the thickness of the sheath and the curves of the dielectric recovery strength. Based on the numerical simulation, the relationship between the dynamic variation of the sheath and dielectric recovery is obtained. And the statistics can help to analyze the current, transient recovery voltage, electric field strength and dielectric recovery characteristics on the new cathode surface. By comparative analysis, the distribution of transient recovery voltage (TRV) and the factors affecting the dielectric recovery strength can be achieved. The simulation results show that: due to the line impedance between the breaks, the voltage and arc energy distribution of each break is not uniform, and the voltage and arc energy distribution on the break are higher than that of the other breaks, the metal vapor has a high initial density, the drop rate of the post-arc current is larger, the rate of TRV is higher and the development speed of sheath is slower. The surface electric field strength on the new cathode is higher. It could initiate re-strike and approach to breaking failure for the whole CB. And larger capacitor is preferred to ensure the reasonable distribution of TRV and improve the breaking probability of DC VCBs with multi-breaks.
A novel compensating light injection configuration for gain-clamped EDFA's

A novel compensating light injection configuration for gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA's) is proposed. The compensating light is backward injected from the end of the first stage of the amplifier and then reflected by a grating at the amplifier input end. Very wide input dynamic range (0.5 /spl mu/W-500 /spl mu/W) with less than 1 mW of compensating light and low noise penalty (<0.5 dB) is demonstrated.
A Novel Iterative Method for Improving Radar Angular Super-Resolution

In this paper a new method is proposed to improve radar angular super-resolution on the basis of the constrained optimization theory. We provide a quasi-BFGS algorithm for updating antenna pattern matrix so that the antenna pattern matrix and its transpose matrix could approximate a positive semi-definite matrix, then the model of radar scanning system meets the requirement of convex quadratic programming. By using Newton algorithm, the optimal solution of that model could be gained and then the target angular information is accordingly restored. Simulations manifest that a desirable resolution result is gained and it provides an amazing result that our method is superior to other methods at signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Research on Information Sharing and Fusion for Distributed Command and Control Decision-Making

Compared with the mode of information interaction among command and control (C2) deciders in the traditional high centralized hierarchical structure, the mode of information sharing and fusion in distributed structure has many different features to adapt the information grid environment. The key problems are information visualization, decision preference aggregation and information exchange. Accordingly, a concept of information component, an aggregating algorithm based on linguistic methods, and a way of information exchange through SNS (Social Network Services) are proposed to solve above problems.
Structural characteristic of large-scale software development network

Many real-world networks are discovered to be complex networks in the last few years. The statistical characteristic of software development network in which people are engaged and its significance are investigated. It is shown that software development network has properties of small world, and scale free. We demonstrate difference between the distribution of incoming and outgoing links of directed networks. The incoming link distribution has sharp cutoff that is lower than that of the outgoing link distribution. This asymmetry is caused by the dynamical interactions that take place in distributed software development and may be related to differences between each designer's capacity of processing information provided by others and the designer's capacity of transmitting information to others.
Design of 183GHz/325GHz dual-channel quasi-optical system

In this paper, the of design a183 GHz/325 GHz dual-channel quasi-optical system is presented. Given the input beam waist, one can design the reflectors in each channel and we can calculate the key parameters of output beam of each reflector by using the Gaussian beam theory. A three dimensional visual software SiMatrix based on diffracted Gaussian beam analysis method (DGBA) is used to simulate the dual-channel system to evaluate the RF performance of the system. The ideal far field can be calculated from the parameters of the output beam. A commercial simulation software GRASP (based on physical optics) is used as a third party tool to verify both the design and the accuracy of simulation result by SiMatrix. By comparing the far field simulated by SiMatrix and ideal far field with the prediction using GRASP, it is found that the design meets the requirement and that the simulation results from SiMatrix is in agreement with GRASP in the mainbeam of the farfield.
Improved Pattern Matching Algorithm of BMHS

Based on the discussion and comparison of BMH, BMHS string matching algorithm, The optimum choice of which BMHS algorithm is improved, BMHS algorithm for the shortcomings, That is the algorithm fails in matching text strings match's last bit characters to participate in the next match, in the case of a series of characters appearing, It cann't achieve a maximum moving distance m+1.An improved algorithm of BMHS2 is proposed. In most cases, The paper proposed an improved algorithm of BMHS2 which can achieve maximum moving distance m+1 .Simulation results showed its efficiency.
Topological vascular tree segmentation for retinal images using shortest path connection

This paper presents a novel algorithm for vascular tree segmentation based on shortest path connection. The connected vascular tree provides topological features that are instrumental in image-aided diagnosis. The proposed method can enforce the connectivity as well as remove the false detection at same time. Multi-scale ridge detector is employed that can locate vessels with different widths. To connect the isolated ridge, the single-source shortest path algorithm is tailored that searches the optimal path. The path metric is defined in terms of probability of pixel belong to foreground and background. This mechanism enables that the false detection could be removed via hypothesis testing. The topological vascular tree with 1-pixel width and fully-connection is segmented from the retinal image. The simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method make it practical to be employed in image-aided diagnosis system readily.
Ship Trajectory Online Prediction Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm

In view of most ship trajectory prediction methods based on dynamic or kinematics theory need set up ship motion model which is hard to define due to the real water condition, a new method based on Back Propagation (BP) neural network is proposed in this paper. By discussing the criterion factor affected ship position computation together with this model's universality for any kind of ship, the model use ship course and speed as well as difference of longitude and latitude as input and output, respectively. At time n, using the lasted N training samples under the same time step train the network to capture the ship motion law, then predicted ship position at n+1. The experiment ship was in Changjiang River and the results demonstrated that the conventional method, like mercator computation, failed to get the correct results, but our method could capture the ship motion law within one second and has higher accuracy in prediction. With BP neural network's excellent learning ability, this method can be used to any water condition which conventional method can't deal with and moreover, avoided regular modeling process, which is especially suitable for the motion rules uncertain or unknown.
Research on effect of magnetic field of phase to phase in high current vacuum circuit breaker

Based on the structure of a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), a mathematical model of the three-dimensional magnetic field of a three-phase VCB is established using the finite element method (FEM). Through the numerical simulation of the magnetic field in whole variation cycle of 3 phase current in the course of breaking, the effects of different phase displacements on the magnetic field are obtained. The mutual influence of the magnetic field between phase to phase is clearly reflected. Moreover, for solving the above problems, the corresponding magnetic field distributions with different magnetic shield devices are also obtained.
Study on Chaotics of Turbulent Gas Flow for a EHV SF6 Circuit Breaker

Based on the numerical computation of 2D compressible, viscous and turbulent gas flow physical-mathematical model for a extra high voltage SF 6 circuit breaker (EHV SF 6 CB), the aerodynamic behavior and pressure characteristics under no load interrupting have been obtained using the improved combination method of FVM and TVD scheme. And the pressure time series of different points, the phase space reconstruction of pressure time series have been achieved. Moreover, the embedding dimension and delay time are obtained using C-C method. And the largest Lyapunov exponent (LE) of the pressure time series using small data sets method has been calculated, which illustrates that the system exists chaotic behavior. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) shows that, during no load interruption, the turbulent gas flow pressure time series is a chaotic series.
Calculation and Analysis of Transient Electric Field of 10kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker under Lightning Impulse

A time-domain mathematical model of electric field is introduced to calculate the transient electric field of the outdoor vacuum circuit breaker. The lightning impulse voltage is expressed by double-exponential function, which is regarded as a component of the boundary excitation in solved region. Under lightning impulse voltage, the potential distributions curves of external insulation are calculated when the outdoor vacuum circuit breaker is in the closed state and the other potential distributions curves in vacuum breaker and on external insulation are also calculated when breaker is in the open state. Electric intensity distribution curves on the surface of external insulation and contact are also shown in this paper. The maximum of intensity in solved region is also given. Some distinguishing features of the transient field are also discussed. It is essential for vacuum circuit breaker insulation design
Comparative analysis of 3-D magnetic field for axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter contact with different iron core structure

The vacuum interrupter(VI) is the core of vacuum circuit breakers and the design of contact structure plays a vital role in improving vacuum switch current breaking capability. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of cup-shaped axial magnetic contact with core structure has been established. And the effects of different slotted depth and angle on axial magnetic field(AMF) distribution of arc center plane at current peak / zero and average phase shift time distribution has been simulated and analyzed by COMSOL multi-physics coupling simulation software based finite element method. The results show that the center magnetic field is weaken and the edge magnetic field is increased due to adding ring iron core. And axial magnetic flux density, residual magnetic flux density and magnetic field phase shift time are all decreased with the slotted depth and angle increasing.