nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Email Classification Scheme Based on Decision-Theoretic Rough Set Theory and Analysis of Email Security

The effects of spam on network is discussed. Unsolicited messages or spam, flood our email boxes, viruses, worms, and denial-of service attacks that cripple computer networks may secret in spam. This threaten network security, stability and reliability seriously. In this paper, A new scheme based on decision-theoretic rough sets is introduced to classify emails into three categories - spam, no-spam and suspicious. By comparing with popular classification methods like Naive Bayes classification, our anti-Spam filter model reduce the error ratio that a non-spam is discriminated to spam, and we can find potential security problems of some email systems.
A Comparative Study of COFCO and ADM Based on the Whole Industry Chain Strategy

Nowadays the word's big four food merchants U.S. ADM, U.S. Bunge, U.S. Car gill and French Louis Dreyfus control 80% of global food trading market, and food becomes a kind of important strategic resource. This paper aims to compare U.S. ADM with Chinese largest center food enterprise COFCO (China National Oils & Food Corp) based on the whole industry chain strategy. The study firstly reviewed the origin of the whole industry chain theory, raising the types of the whole industry chain. Secondly, it described the whole industry chain of ADM and COFCO receptively. Thirdly, the paper made a specific comparison between ADM and COFCO, finding the weaknesses of COFCO based on the whole industry chain. Finally, the paper offered some suggestions for development of COFCO in the near future.
Identity-based new secure SP management mechanism

Today service fraud in value added service market have turned to be a major problem in the Internet, such as SMS spam, deceiving money using SMS and price fraud. In this paper an enhanced Service Provider (SP) secure management method using identity-based solution is proposed. In this system, service subscription, payment and other sensitive information related messages must be signed by a user or SP. So the system obtains non-repudiation of subscription and billing, and the SP forced and reverse subscription can be avoided. By using a special feature of ID-based solution, this method can easily control SP.
Big Data Analytics in Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey

Big data is becoming a research focus in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which can be seen in many projects around the world. Intelligent transportation systems will produce a large amount of data. The produced big data will have profound impacts on the design and application of intelligent transportation systems, which makes ITS safer, more efficient, and profitable. Studying big data analytics in ITS is a flourishing field. This paper first reviews the history and characteristics of big data and intelligent transportation systems. The framework of conducting big data analytics in ITS is discussed next, where the data source and collection methods, data analytics methods and platforms, and big data analytics application categories are summarized. Several case studies of big data analytics applications in intelligent transportation systems, including road traffic accidents analysis, road traffic flow prediction, public transportation service plan, personal travel route plan, rail transportation management and control, and assets maintenance are introduced. Finally, this paper discusses some open challenges of using big data analytics in ITS.
Cross-Layer Handoff Design in Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) Systems Using WLANs

Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) system is an automated train control system using bidirectional train-ground communications to ensure the safe operation of rail vehicles. Handoff design has significant impacts on the train control performance in CBTC systems based on multi-input and multi-output (MIMO)-enabled WLANs. Most of previous works use traditional design criteria, such as network capacity and communication latency, in handoff designs. However, these designs do not necessarily benefit the train control performance. In this paper, we take an integrated design approach to jointly optimize handoff decisions and physical layer parameters to improve the train control performance in CBTC systems. We use linear quadratic cost for the train controller as the performance measure. The handoff decision and physical layer parameters adaptation problem is formulated as a stochastic control process. Simulation result shows that the proposed approach can significantly improve the control performance in CBTC systems.
Does brain functional connectivity alter across similar trials during imaging experiments?

In a typical functional brain imaging experiment, brain activities in response to several trials are measured. Recorded signals are then averaged across similar trials for each channel/voxel to obtain time-courses associated with the task of interest. Majority of functional connectivity studies employ these averaged signals to study brain's functional connections across channels/voxels. The assumption here, however, is that functional connections among brain networks do not change across trials during the course of the experiment. In this paper, we argue that this assumption may not always hold true. Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), brain activities of five healthy adults in response to modified visual oddball task are recorded. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) is then used to assess functional connectivity by considering recordings corresponding to three scenarios: i) the first half of total number of similar trials, ii) the second half of total number similar trials, and iii) the entire number of similar trials. Nonparametric permutation testing is utilized to examine the statistical difference in functional connectivity when assessed in these three scenarios. Observed differences suggest that brain's functional connectivity across similar trials changes during the course of the experiment, potentially due to changes in functional connections among brain networks as a result of task repetition.
Throughput of high-speed TCP in optical burst switching networks

High-speed TCP (HSTCP) has been proposed to achieve high throughput in the high bandwidth and long-delay environment. The throughput of HSTCP is studied when the backbone network adopts the optical burst switching (OBS) technology. The study shows that small burst assembly time and a large burst loss ratio in OSB can reduce the throughput of HSTCP significantly, but HSTCP still performs much better than TCP.
Oral Fast-Dissolving DDD Fabricated Using 3DP

A novel fast dissolving drug delivery device (DDD) with loose powders in it was designed and fabricated using the three dimensional printing (3DP) process. Based on computer-aided design models, the DDD containing the drug acetaminophen were prepared automatically by 3DP system. The inner powder regions were carried out by depositing the binder solutions onto selected regions during the layer-printing processes. The DDD exhibited standard-met mechanical performance with an acceptable hardness value of 56.45 N/cm2 and 3.65% total mass loss during the friability tests. Environmental scanning electron microscope image clearly showed that particles in the printed regions were diminished or even disappeared, and bound together, whereas the un-printed regions was incompact with cracks and fissures in them. All the DDD were disintegrated and wetted rapidly in the in vitro tests. The average disintegration time of DDD was 17.9s and the average wetting time was 56.6 s. The in vitro dissolution tests informed that 96.3% of the drug was released in the initial two minutes. 3DP is capable of offering strategies for the research and development of novel fast dissolving DDD.
Low-Voltage Depletion-Load Inverter Using Solid-State Electrolyte Gated Oxide Transistors

A low-voltage depletion-load inverter consisting of oxide transistors gated by nanogranular phosphorosilicate glass electrolytes has been fabricated. An indium-zinc-oxide electric-double-layer (EDL) transistor shows a threshold voltage (Vth) of approximately -0.1 V and acts as a load. An indium-gallium- zinc-oxide EDL transistor shows a Vth of ~0.3 V and acts as a driver. The depletion-load inverter shows a high voltage gain of 40 and a narrow transition width of <;0.2 V at low supply voltage of 2 V. The proposed low-voltage inverter may find potential applications in portable electronics and biosensors.
High-Speed Tracking of a Nanopositioning Stage Using Modified Repetitive Control

In this paper, a modified repetitive control (MRC) based approach is developed for high-speed tracking of nanopositioning stages. First, the hysteresis nonlinearity is decomposed as a periodic disturbance over a linear system. Then, the MRC technique is utilized to account for the periodic disturbances/errors caused by the hysteresis and dynamics behaviors. The developed approach provides a simple and effective hysteresis compensation strategy, avoiding the constructions of hysteresis model and its inversion. Besides, with improved loop-shaping properties, the MRC can alleviate the nonperiodic disturbance amplification problem of the conventional repetitive control. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the developed MRC-based approach are verified by the experimental results on a custom-built piezo-actuated stage in terms of hysteresis compensation, disturbance rejection and tracking accuracy.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of AC Loss of YBCO Coated Conductor Carrying DC and AC Offset Transport Current

Because of the complexity of the electrical system, dc offset current and ac ripple current have generally existed. However, they are usually undesirable, and their influence to ac loss is also an important issue for superconducting devices built from YBaCuO-coated conductors. In this paper, ac loss of YBCO tapes with nonmagnetic substrate carrying dc or ac offset current have been both measured and calculated. Experiments based on “electrical method” composed of a high-performance amplifier and a wave recorder with filtering function has been carried out. To verify the measurement, a two-dimensional finite element method model based on finite element method and power law is applied to calculate the ac loss with current combined with ac and dc components. The results show that, a small value of dc offset current in a large ac component has minor effect to the ac loss. In addition, when the total current (combined with ac and dc components) approaches critical value, the ac loss would increase significantly.
An algorithm for human face detection in color image based on Skin color segmentation

Face detection has taken more and more attention as a hot spot of study field which pattern ecognition and computer vision and Skin color has provided an important basis for people face detection. This paper presents novel EM algorithm for the face detection of image segmentation in the YUV color space. In order to separate the brightness information to chroma information in the expression of the colour, the algorithm uses the clustering method for skin color in colour spacer and improves the velocity performance of the regional fac separated from regional inhuman face. This paper also designs and optimized concrete steps. At last, colour images Segmentation experimental results and experimental analysis are given, and the papaer concludes the necessary conditions of the EM algorithm convergence.
BiCMOS-Based Compensation: Toward Fully Curvature-Corrected Bandgap Reference Circuits

We present a novel BiCMOS-based temperature compensation technique aiming at complete correction of the curvature in the temperature response of bandgap references. The source of the appearance of this curvature is because the well-known nonlinear term <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T\ln (T)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the base–emitter voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{BE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is not completely canceled across all temperature points. Here, we show that the gate-source voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{GS}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of a subthreshold-operating MOSFET, biased with a proportional to absolute temperature current, also exhibits the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T\ln (T)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nonlinear temperature dependence. We leverage the existence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T\ln (T)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the temperature response of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{GS}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to directly cancel the nonlinear term <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T\ln (T)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{BE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A theoretical analysis of the proposed compensation approach is presented. As a proof of concept, a current-mode voltage reference circuit, utilizing the proposed approach, is designed in IBM’s 8HP Silicon–Germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology. Thermal characteristics of the compensation components are examined through extensive simulations and are also experimentally evaluated, for the first time. Measurement results of the reference circuit show that the circuit outperforms the temperature performance of the state-of-the-art SiGe reference circuits. Possible origins of observed temperature dependences and mitigation techniques are discussed. The proposed compensation approach can be realized in any BiCMOS/CMOS technology for implementing either current-mode or voltage-mode high precision reference circuits.
Numerical Study on Simplified Resistive Joints of Coated Conductors: Is There a Lower Limit of the Joint Resistance?

In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) numerical models of resistive joints for ReBCO coated conductors are established in the commercial finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0. In this simplified model, only two ReBCO layers and one/two “connection” layer(s) (i.e., the resistive interlayer(s) sandwiched by two ReBCO layers) are considered. 3-D power-law E–J relationship (where J is the current density, E is the electric field intensity) is employed for superconducting layer and an isotropic bulk resistance is set for the connection layer(s). The interfacial resistances are taken into account by introducing boundary weak contributions. The joint resistance exhibited a non-uniform relationship with the geometry of the joining area. And the joint resistance tended to approach to a lower limit value. Silver diffusion joint samples are fabricated and tested to verify the simulation results and a good agreement is obtained. The above phenomenon is attributed to the highly non-uniform current distribution in the ReBCO layers and therefore in the connection layers. By our simulation, it is found that the criterion value of overlap length (the length of joining area) corresponding to the lower limit of joint resistance is highly related to the resistivity of the connection layer.
Analytical modeling of multi-segment and multilayer interior permanent magnet machines

We present a simple lumped magnetic circuit model for interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machines with multisegment and multilayer permanent magnets. We derived analytically the air-gap field distribution, phase flux linkage and back-electromotive force (back-EMF), d-axis and q-axis inductances, and electromagnetic torque. The model accounts for the magnetic saturation and cross-saturation effects between d-and q-axes. To verify the developed models and analytical method, we adopted finite-element analysis (FEA). The presented model shows good agreement with FEA.
Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on Rough Set Theory and Support Vector Machine

Power transformers are one of the most expensive components of electrical power plants and the failures of such transformers can result in serious power system issues, so fault diagnosis for power transformer is very important to insure the whole power system run normally. Based on fault attributes of transformers, there are a few works have been done on transformer fault diagnosis using such methods as neural network,bayesian,and so on. As the fault information of power transformers has uncertainty characteristic, in this paper, a novel approach based on rough set theory and SVM is proposed. Moreover, by comparing with the traditional methods like the neural network, there is less fault data discriminated by the rough set theory and SVM model and the accuracy for power transformer fault diagnosis is improved using our proposed model.
Indexed spatio-temporal appearance models for query-driven video action recognition

Video action and event recognition is an important problem in video analysis research with many important applications, such as surveillance and video search. In this work, we deal with the appearance complexity in video action recognition by applying an indexing structure and partition in appearance space. The task requires spatio-temporal appearance modeling that can capture the discriminative information among different action classes. Traditional approaches are based on a global appearance model, which is not robust to local variations in background. In this work, we develop a query driven dynamic appearance modeling method and use a localized subspace to obtain a distance metric for appearance discrimination. Multiple localized models are constructed and utilized to measure the similarity between the trajectories and the sub-space metric is adaptive during the learning process. The processing is implemented based on an indexing scheme, which is very fast in computation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution.
Advanced Design and Operation Consideration for Close-Connected Winding Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Machine

Advanced design and operation consideration for the close-connected winding permanent-magnet brushless DC machine is proposed in this paper, including circulating current elimination, fault-tolerant control for the breakdown of a power electronic switch, and a sensorless control method. With the finite-element analysis, the influence of machine design parameters on circulating current is investigated. By properly controlling the status of power electronic switches, the coils being connected into the equivalent circuit can be changed to avoid the failure switch. Sensorless control is explored by detecting the zero-crossing point of electromotive force.
A scene-aware adaptive media playout algorithm for wireless video streaming

This paper addresses the issue of buffer underflow in wireless multimedia service, due to both the unreliable and time-varying nature of the wireless channel. Specifically, we propose a statistical model to estimate the buffer underflow time. Based on the estimation of the underflow time, a scene-aware adaptive playout algorithm with dual-threshold to adjust the frame rate is presented. This approach adjusts the threshold dynamically according to the channel conditions and the status of the buffer, and thus regulates the frame rate timely. Moreover, the algorithm possesses scene-aware characteristics, since it adjusts the playout rate according to the motion intensity of the playout scenes to reduce the underflow probability of the buffer and provides better QoS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme efficiently reduces the probability of the buffer underflow and provides better visual quality.
A Method for Simulation and Analysis of Trackside Data Communication System in CBTC

When simulation aims at evaluating the scalability of new protocols and applications, it is indispensable to work with large scale network topologies. It has important practical significance and benefits for improving the behaviors of network planning and design, system optimized design and project risk reduction. The technique of modeling our safe communication protocol of Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) and the setup of a research platform using the OPNET Modeler are introduced, so that the dynamic performance issues could be studied to guide the CBTC network planning and design.
Call admission control in multiservices CDMA systems

Adaptive interference threshold-based call admission control in multiservice CDMA systems is proposed. Different interference thresholds are set up for new calls and handoff calls. The interference threshold for handoff calls is higher than that for new calls. When a new or handoff call arrives, intra-cell and inter-cell interference are first calculated, and then the total interference is obtained. Total interference is compared with the interference threshold. If the total interference is less than the threshold, the call is accepted, otherwise it is rejected. Numerical results indicate that adaptive threshold-based CAC (ATB CAC) is better than fixed CAC with lower handoff call blocking probability and lower GOS (grade of service).
Edge-based active queue management

In the paper, a new framework of active queue management, namely, edge-based active queue management (EAQM), is proposed. Conventional AQM schemes are required to be deployed at all routers in the network, and this involves significant upgrading to current drop-tail routers. The new approach only needs to modify th ee dge routers and at the same time provides similar or better performance as compared toconventional AQM schemes. Furthermore, EAQM can reduce the throughput bias against TCP connections with longer round trip times, and this cannot be achieved by current available AQM approaches. Active queue management (AQM) has been a very active research area in recent years. Many AQM mechanisms have been proposed, e.g., random early detection (RED) (1), random exponential marking (REM) (2), PI controller (3), adaptive virtual queue (AVQ) (4), state feedback control (SFC) (5), and virtual queue and rate-based scheme (VQR) (6). The main goals of these schemes are to reduce and stabilise queuing delay, avoid global synchronisation, and achieve high link utilisation. RED is a standard queue length based AQM that drops packets with probability proportional to the current average queue length. AVQ is a typical rate based scheme. REM, PI, and SFC use the queue length and the aggregate flow rate to compute the dropping probability. VQR uses both the virtual queue length and aggregate flow rate to determine the dropping probability. AQM schemes have not been widely deployed in the current Internet because all the proposed AQM schemes need to be implemented in all routers (or at least bottleneck routers), and this demands significant upgrading to routers in the current networks. Another reason is that the performance of these AQM schemes have not been fully investigated and understood, and it is not clear which scheme performs the best. Therefore, it is still risky to deploy them in the entire network. In this paper, we propose the framework of edge-based AQM (EAQM). EAQM is only deployed at the network edge, and the drop-tail core routers are kept unchanged. Compared with traditional AQM schemes, it is able to provide comparable or even better performance; thus, it is more practical and economically feasible. It is well known that TCP's throughput is inversely proportional to the round trip time (RTT); considerable unfairness occurs to TCP connections with longer RTTs. As one of the key features, EAQM alleviates this type of unfairness, while current available AQM schemes fail to do so. 2 Framework of EAQM