nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On the formation of mathematical model in the defective design in mechanical products

Design flaws are important factors that influence the quality of products in mechanical engineering, and the thorough study on the formation approaches is of far-reaching significance to improve product quality. Flaw factors are the internal factors of defective design. This paper combines the concept of neurons in a detailed description of their internal composition and, on the basis, ascertained the conversion relation of defect factors from the input to the output. By applying S function and Copula connection function, the system function and the threshold function of defect factors were successfully constructed, and this set up the mathematical foundation for studying quantitatively the model of forming design flaws. Finally, as an example, the paper gave the design failure analysis of a mechanical product design process and proved the correctness of this research method.
A highly automated binary software vulnerability risk evaluation method for off-by-one stack based buffer overflow

Software off-by-one stack based buffer overflow vulnerability may enable attacker to execute arbitrary code via a malformed input, causing persistent threat to computer and communication systems. However, current risk evaluation method is time-consuming and requires a group of people with security knowledge. This paper takes an insight investigation and presents a novel black-box off-by-one stack-based buffer overflow risk evaluation method to deal with the problem. The proposed method is able to bypass the labor-intensive task of in-depth manual program analysis. The proposed method is also easy to deploy and highly automated. Experimental results on both self-developed and real software proved the effectiveness.
Orthonormal finite ridgelet transform coding using an EBCOT-like algorithm

In this paper, an image coding algorithm based on a rate-distortion optimized orthonormal finite ridgelet transform (OFRIT) decomposition and on a block-partitioning coding scheme which quantizes each subband separately is proposed. In this way, our algorithm naturally overcomes the difficulty in defining parent-child relationships for wavelet-based ridgelet subbands, which exists in the zerotree based methods. The main merit of the proposed method is that the ridgelet transform can provide optimally sparse representation of objects with singularities along straight edges and the orthonormal finite ridgelet transform(OFRIT) can decompose the high frequency parts of the images which are not decomposed in discrete wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms SPIHT and JPEG2000 schemes in novel image with straight lines significantly or curve lines significantly coding, in terms of both PSNR and visual quality.
Category-based dynamic recommendations adaptive to user interest drifts

How to make dynamic recommendations under volatile user interest drifts has been a problem of great interest in modern recommender systems, where challenges lie in accurate and efficient measurement, modeling, and prediction of the user interest drifts. This paper studies a category-based approach to the problem with the key idea that items are aggregated into categories and recommendations are made on each category. In our approach, we use the category-wise rating matrix to measure the changing preferences of users; we design a dynamic adaptive model (DAM) to describe the patterns of interest drifts; and we utilize linear regression to predict the future interests of users in a category-based manner. We have built a category-based dynamic recommender system and tested it with two well-known datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves superior performance on category-based rating prediction compared with state-of-the-art dynamic recommendation algorithms.
Bending of piezoelectric bimorph plates under a coupled action of electric and thermal fields

The bending of piezoelectric bimorph plates subject to electric and thermal loadings is investigated. Based on the constitutive equations for the generalized plane stress problems of piezoelectric materials, the stresses and the electric displacements of piezoelectric bimorph plates with different configurations are obtained by virtue of Kirchhoff's hypothesis and Saint-Venant's hypothesis. Analytical expressions for the deflection of piezoelectric bimorph cantilever as an actuator are obtained.
Dynamically detecting data races in multi-threaded object-oriented programs by tracing function entries and exits

Data race is one of the most common programming errors in multi-threaded programs and there exist many static, dynamic or hybrid approaches targeted at detecting them. Unlike most previous works, this paper proposes a new data race detection algorithm for multi-threaded object-oriented programs, which leverages the fact that large complicated multi-threaded programs usually provide comprehensive logging mechanisms for debugging and other purposes. The proposed algorithm relies only on the logging information of function entries/exits and synchronization operations. The major advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the race detection function is naturally integrated into the application programs and has a much lower overhead compared with most existing data race tools.
HLGPS: A Home Location Global Positioning System in Location-Based Social Networks

The rapid spread of mobile internet and location-acquisition technologies have led to the increasing popularity of Location-Based Social Networks(LBSNs). Users in LBSNs can share their life by checking in at various venues at any time. In LBSNs, identifying home locations of users is significant for effective location-based services like personalized search, targeted advertisement, local recommendation and so on. In this paper, we propose a Home Location Global Positioning System called HLGPS to tackle with the home location identification problem in LBSNs. Firstly, HLGPS uses an influence model named as IME to model edges in LBSNs. Then HLGPS uses a global iteration algorithm based on IME model to position home location of users so that the joint probability of generating all the edges in LBSNs is maximum. Extensive experiments on a large real-world LBSN dataset demonstrate that HLGPS significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 14.7%.
H/sub /spl infin// control and parametric controllers for descriptor systems

In this paper, we study the existing problem of an H/sub /spl infin// controller for descriptor systems. One necessary and sufficient condition is presented by means of two generalized algebraic Riccati inequalities. Using the method of linear fractional transformation, the controller is parametrized by the admissible solutions to the Riccati inequalities with free parameter Q, a real-rational stable transfer matrix with an H/sub /spl infin// norm less than a specified number.
Edge-Oriented Uniform Intra Prediction

We propose an intra prediction solution to block-based image compression. In order to adapt to local image features during intra prediction, we consider the distinct image singularities within the model of piece-wise smooth functions. With such singularities, i.e., edges in this paper, intra prediction can be performed by solving Laplace equations. Moreover, since edges exhibit spatial correlations, we design a rate-distortion optimized method for edge extraction and edge coding. Our edge-oriented intra prediction thus consists of the prediction of smooth regions as well as the prediction of edges. We compare our intra prediction with that in H.264 and achieve superior performance. Our intra prediction can also be integrated into a block-based image coding scheme, which is comparable to JPEG2000 in terms of objective quality. An important advantage of our intra prediction is the improvement in visual quality at low bit-rate due to the preservation of edges.
Interactive Editing for 3D Ultrasound Volume Rendering

In 3D ultrasound volume rendering, the region of interest is blocked by near field acoustic data. Consequently, it is very hard to give a correct diagnosis from the 3D image. This paper presents two interactive editing methods to remove the unwanted data and improve the image's quality. The first method is in the 3D domain. It isolates ROI's interactively and removes the unwanted structures starting from an inverse mapping of the shear-warp procedure to identify samples to be removed in the volume data. Afterwards, one can see the updated 3D image without blocked structures. The second method utilizes adaptive border detection method starting from user defined ROIs on an arbitrary slice to a sequence of images propagated through the normal vector of the processing slices. The unwanted samples in the volume data can be removed slice-by-slice. Finally, a 3D image can be rendered with no blocked structure. We have built an interactive user interface to manipulate the proposed editing software as one of the 3D tools in our lab.
A Software Size Estimation Method Based on Improved FPA

Software size eatimation is the key of entire software program project, and the accurate estimation immediately affect the success of project. An improved function point analysis (FPA) method was proposed for analyzing the software size. The method combined the advantage of the fuzzy rules and back propagation (BP) network. Firstly, fuzzy inference system based on the complexity weight matrix of function component was estabilished. Then the adjusted complexity weight were used for modifying the software function point. The adjusted data as samples were tranfered to BP network. By the advantage of BP network function approaching, the relationship between software components and software size was establish. Finally, BP network was used for estimating software size. The experiment results show that the method could eliminate discontinuity among the different complexity grades, and could make the best of history data, which enhances the accuracy of function point estimation.
Switching time point precision comparison and harmonic analysis of SPWM

Based on the sinusoidal pulse width modulation technology and regular sampling method, the switching time points calculation formulas of tangent method and secant method are established. This paper analyses the precision of switching turn-on and turn-off time point, and compare these switching time points. Calculation results show that SPWM pulses generated by tangent method and secant method are closest to the pulse generated by natural sampling, the THD is also smaller than by regular sampling.
Notice of RetractionWater Resources Assessment of the Forest Watershed in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Using Isotope Tracers

To assess the hydrologic features of the alpine river systems in the Huangbengliu basin, stable isotopic composition was measured on more than 150 water samples, including meteoric water, stream water, ice-snow meltwater and ground water, collected almost monthly in 2008 and 2009. The results of this work indicate that: (i) the stable isotope of meteoric waters has amount effect, and melt water is most depleted, and ground water and river water show evident seasonal variation due to the influence of meteoric water; (ii) there exist overall different spatial and temporal trends in isotopic variations between the sampling locations in stream flow, which are mainly caused by the influences of various water sources and the effects of tributary water inputs; (iii) using a δ18O based binary model, we estimated that the annual proportion of ice-snow meltwater inputs over the total stream flow varied from 39.84% to 81.89%, and that of ground water varied from 18.1% to 60.16%. Ice-snow meltwater is an important source of the alpine rivers, and precipitation provides the main part of seasonal variations of stream water in δ18O and δD. The ice-snow meltwater is significantly important in the alpine water source management in the periphery of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Forecasting relative tree growth based on PPR artificial neural network model

Relative growth is defined as the description of the growth relationship between biological and biological part (organ). The relative growth function is a function on variable of growth and non-time variables. In the paper, a system relative growth model which taken Betula costata as an example was constructed based on the projection pursuit regression (PPR) artificial neural network. The system model was constructed in order to predict the tree growth. The results show that the artificial neural network model were available for prediction of the tree growth; the predication average relative error of diameter growth was 0.04, the predication average relative error of height was 0.06,the predication average relative error of volume was 0.12. The PPR model was available for tree growth predication which can be applied to predict the tree growth.
Research on the detecting effectiveness of on-site lightning impulse test for GIS equipment with insulation defects

On-site lightning impulse (LI) test waveform, restricted by the large load capacitance and impulse generator's inherent inductance, has a long wavefront time Tf compared with standard LI, called non-standard LI. The non-standard LI test has been carried out in the field. But its insulation defect detecting effectiveness is not clear. In this paper, a generating system of impulses with different waveform parameters, including double-exponential impulses with different wavefront times in the range of 0.08 ∼ 23.5 μs and an oscillating LI with wavefront time around 10 μs, was established. The insulation characteristics of SF6 gas gap with highly inhomogeneous electric field under impulses with different waveform parameters were investigated. Experimental results show that the insulation defects detecting effectiveness of oscillating LI with long Tf around 10 μs is lower than that of standard LI. Tf plays an important role in the insulation defects detection. With Tf increases, the 50% breakdown voltages for rod-plane gaps have an increased trend. The V-t curve presents a U-shape. Prospective voltage is introduced to evaluate the insulation defects detecting effectiveness. The prospective voltage-time characteristics confirm the conclusion that with the increase of impulse voltage Tf, the detection effectiveness for GIS insulation is reduced. The gap distance has influence on the shape of V-t curve. With distance increase, the 50% breakdown voltage of the gap is more sensitive to the wavefront time Tf and voltage rise rate dU/dt. Corona stabilization effect is not just in relationship with the rise rate of impulse, but also with electrode structure and gas pressure. The critical dU/dt for corona stabilization is calculated for different rod-plane gaps.
Finite-time synchronization of coupled Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays

This paper is concerned with finite-time synchronization for two models of coupled Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays. In the first one, linearly coupled Cohen-Grossberg neural networks is considered. In the second one, nonlinearly coupled Cohen-Grossberg neural networks is discussed. Based on finite-time stability theory, some inequality techniques, and designed controllers, some criteria which make the coupled Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with linear coupling and nonlinear coupling realize synchronization are derived respectively. Furthermore, the settling times of synchronization are also estimated. Finally, a numerical example is given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Research on dimensional change characteristics of silver halide films for multi-layer PCBs

The layer numbers and the density of circuit wiring increase day by day to meet the demand of the multifunction and miniaturization of electronic products during the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The dimensional stability of films determines the size and the alignment accuracy of images in each layer. This paper mainly discusses two aspects of silver halide films, the changing regularity of the film size after plotting and the influence of the exposure times on the film dimensional stability. It is indicated that silver halide films turn to be lengthening significantly in the first 9 hours after being plotted, and then trend to be stable. Film size contacts with the increase of exposure times during the exposure process.
A communication model in multilevel security network using quantum key

The integrity and confidentiality of the multilevel security communication are guaranteed by using the key obtained from key negotiation process. To ensure the safety of this process is very important. The quantum key distribution process is unconditionally secure. This paper uses this process to distribute the authentication keys and the session keys, which are used in IPSec process. Thus, the method to realize multilevel secure communication by using quantum key and IPSec is given. It adds a field to implement the control strategy based on the security of the packet, uses a key effective time to meet the different security requirements, and uses the “one-time-pad” algorithm to provide unconditional security. After the rules of using keys are given, the process of transmitting data packets is described.
Integrated guidance and control based on high-order sliding mode method

Under the coupling effect between guidance system and control system, the performance of traditional guidance and control method is limited. Therefore, integrated guidance and control (IGC) method is proposed to solve the problem. This method is characterized by the guidance loop and control loop which are considered as a whole part in accordance with the information of the relative motion between the aircraft and the target or trajectory, directly generating a command of actuator angle deflection. In this paper, simplifying kinematics and dynamics equations of the aircraft are primarily based on assumptions. Then, sliding mode controller is designed to make the whole system asymptotically stable. When designing the system controller, it uses a high-order sliding mode controller instead of the commonly backstepping design method. The advantages of IGC over ordinary method is that it not only simplifies the design process and shortens the time cost, but also increases the potential and reduces the manufacturing cost of the aircraft. On the basis of the experimental results, the high-order sliding mode controller can guarantee the stability of the aircraft system, which also has fast responding time and can intercept the target accurately.
Adaptive Multi-Band Multi-Mode Power Amplifier Using Integrated Varactor-Based Tunable Matching Networks

This paper presents a multi-band multi-mode class-AB power amplifier, which utilizes continuously tunable input and output matching networks integrated in a low-loss silicon-on-glass technology. The tunable matching networks make use of very high Q varactor diodes (Q>100 @ 2 GHz) in a low distortion anti-series configuration to achieve the desired source and load impedance tunability. A QUBIC4G (SiGe, ft=50 GHz) high voltage breakdown transistor (VCBO=14 V, VCEO>3.6 V) is used as active device. The realized adaptive amplifier provides 13 dB gain, 27-28 dBm output power at the 900, 1800, 1900 and 2100 MHz bands. For the communication bands above 1 GHz optimum load adaptation is facilitated resulting in efficiencies between 30%-55% over a 10 dB output power control range. The total chip area (including matching networks) of the amplifier is 8 mm2
Fast encoding of surveillance videos based on HEVC

An increasing number of deployed surveillance cameras raise a huge demand for higher efficiency video coding scheme, and the emerging background reference based video coding methods with High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) have achieved a large increase of coding efficiency on surveillance videos. However, the high encoding complexity of HEVC causes troubles for these methods to be adopted in practice, especially in real-time coding scenarios. Among all the factors resulting in the increase of encoding complexity, mode decision and motion estimation are both critical reasons. Therefore, a fast algorithm based on a block-level background generation method is proposed to address this problem for surveillance video. With the help of fast detection of background coding units, the Merge mode is early decided, some prediction modes at specific depths that have the least probabilities are skipped using early termination during rate-distortion optimization, and unnecessary motion estimation is also avoided. Thanks to the full utilization of the static camera premise, the proposed fast algorithm achieves 77.0% reduction of encoding time, while only incurs 1.0% performance loss that is negligible. More experimental results also verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes.
Experimental Research and Simulation on VFTO Mitigation by Ferrite Rings in UHV GIS

Experiments were performed on two different ultra-high voltage gas-insulated switchgear test circuits to evaluate the mitigation performance of ferrite R2KB rings with very fast transient overvoltages (VFTOs). Significant decreases in the overshoot factor and the VFTO level were observed, although the steepness was not much improved owing to saturation. It was found that ferrite rings are more effective for VFTO mitigation at the source side than at the load side. Simulations were carried out with a new circuit model of the ferrite ring, and the simulation results were consistent with the experimental results. The method of drawing the contour plot of VFTO and very fast transient current in the time-space domain was proposed to facilitate the analysis. With this method, the principle of determining the optimal installation location of ferrite rings for the best mitigation performance was clarified.
W -band quasi-elliptical waveguide filter with cross-coupling and source–load coupling

A high-performance waveguide bandpass filter operating at W-band is presented. This folded fourth-order filter with quasi-elliptic response is developed by introducing cross-coupling and source–load coupling, while maintaining a compact construction for simple computer numerical control (CNC) milling process. The filter fabricated within aluminium block shows an insertion loss of about 1.2 dB in a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 5.5% from 90.1 to 95.2 GHz, which are very close to the simulated results in the full W-band.
Notice of RetractionApplication of Principal Component Analysis in Analyzing Main Influence Factors of Increasing Grain Yield in Sanjiang Plain

In order to solve the problem of multiple correlation between area influence factors of increasing grain yield, taking Hongxinglong Bureau of Sanjiang Plain for example, principal component analysis is adopted to analyze these six main factors such as grain planting area, grain yield per hectare, effective irrigation area, fertilizer input, total power of agricultural machinery and farmland area of drought and flood. The results show that grain yield per hectare, effective irrigation area, fertilizer input and agriculture machinery total power are the key factors of increasing grain yield and it can provide scientific basis for making grain development strategy of Sanjiang Plain and construct grain security system of China.
Coordinated control algorithm used for MMC based VSC HVDC control system

This paper derives an electromagnetic transient mathematical model of the MMC based VSC-HVDC system. Based on the model, a coordinated control algorithm is presented for the MMC controllers design. A test system of the MMC VSC-HVDC is established in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the correction of the algorithm. Simulation studies show the better dynamic responses of the MMC based VSC HVDC for the controllers with coordinated control algorithm than without.