nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid-LFM signal design and detection performance analysis for formation-flying satellite radar system

Formation-flying satellite radars, as a kind of MIMO radars with widely-separated antennas, is a new technique developed recently. It offers the potential for diversity gain and spatial resolution gain through transmitting the orthogonal waveforms. In order to obtain diversity gain and spatial resolution gain and improve the detection performance, a hybrid-LFM signal for formation-flying satellite radar is proposed in this paper. The hybrid-LFM signal is composed of several sub-pulses with different frequency slope. In this model, the bandwidth of each sub-pulse and the frequency slope interval are important. Firstly, we investigate the signal processing of satellites' echo and present an efficient implementation of formation-flying satellite radar system. Then, the orthogonal performance of the hybrid-LFM signals and the detection performance of formation-flying satellite radar system are analyzed. In the end, we draw the conclusion from simulations that not only the Hybrid-LFM signals have good orthogonal performance, but also the formation-flying satellite radar system with hybrid-LFM signals can obtain better detection performance than that with OFDM-LFM signals.
Forecast system of pear scab management based on case-based reasoning and fuzzy ISODATA clustering

Pear scab caused by Venturia nashicola Tanaka et Yamamoto is one of the main diseases in the Centre and North China and sometimes do a severe damage in pear production there. A forecast system of pear scab management was established on the basis of Case-based Reasoning and Fuzzy ISODATA Clustering. Every typical case was recorded in the database according to the incident status of pear scab and the synchronic meteorological data in area of the Ancient Yellow River Valley and expressed as a set of feature collection, which was composed of the date, rainfall, air temperature, atmospheric humidity, the percentage of diseased leaves and fruits. Fuzzy ISODATA clustering was utilized in the reasoning to imitate the human expert better. The System was realized by programming using the software Visual Basic version 6.0. The practical application showed that the forecast system had a high predictability and accuracy and could provide a useful reference to the pear growers in control of pear scab.
A Seamless Handoff Scheme for Train-Ground Communication Systems in CBTC

Communication-based train control (CBTC) system is an automated control system for railways that ensures the safe operation of rail vehicles using wireless data communications. The train-ground communication system is one of the key subsystem of CBTC. CBTC systems have stringent requirements for wireless communication availability and latency. In this paper, we propose a seamless handoff scheme based on stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) and IEEE 802.11p to provide high link availability for train-ground communication systems in CBTC. Moreover, we propose a handoff decision policy to improve SCTP throughput and achieve seamless handoff in train-ground communications systems. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
40-GHz VCO with 10-GHz tuning range in a 90-nm CMOS technology

This paper presents a wide tuning rang mm-wave VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) fabricated in IBM 90-nm CMOS technology. The VCO can be tuned from 31.4 GHz to 42.2 GHz and utilizes a differential tuning mechanism based on varactors and switched capacitors. A switched current source is used to improve the performance of the VCO when an MIM (metal-insulated-metal) capacitor is switched in the LC resonation tank. Without switched capacitor, the VCO core circuit consumes a power of 8.4 mW and exhibits a phase noise of −114 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from resonation frequency, but with switched capacitor, the power is increased to 12.2 mW, and the phase noise is incresed to −104 dBc/Hz.
Development of a Novel Soldered-Stacked-Square (3S) HTS Wire Using 2G Narrow Tapes With 1 mm Width

Based on the pre-existing assembled, stacked, or twisted structures of high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires, a novel soldered-stacked-square (3S) HTS wire is suggested and developed through narrowing, stacking, and soldering processes in this study. For the fabrication processes of the 3S wire, a narrow 2G tape with 1 mm width is applied, and the stacking and soldering processes are completed simultaneously. To confirm the performance of the 3S HTS wire, several 3S samples are fabricated. For the 3S HTS samples, we evaluate typical electrical and mechanical properties, and investigated for the feasibility of the 3S HTS wire in the HTS applications. The test results show that measured critical currents of two 3S wire samples are 170 and 255 A, and their curves are typical ones of HTS tapes. The measured self-field ac loss is also reasonable, which is analyzed from both theoretical models of the elliptical and thin strip equations. Moreover, the minimum bending diameter for the 3S samples is approximately 60 mm, and the allowable axial tensile force is 350 N. These mechanical properties of 3S wire are satisfied for the HTS applications significantly. Finally, the smallest round structure of the HTS wire is conceptually suggested for the 3S HTS wire.
Method of ameliorative multi-objective synthetic evaluation based on entropy weight and its application

Method of ameliorative multi-objective synthetic evaluation based on entropy weight is presented. The various original data of different types and dimensions are standardized by dimensionless function. The concepts of evaluation index entropy and entropy weight are proposed. The synthetic weight is constructed by expert and entropy weight, which would dispel the subjectivity and arbitrariness while judging the weight of the problem. The approach is approved to be practical while applied to synthetically evaluate the economic benefit of the state-owned enterprises in Liaoning province.
HJ-1A thermal infrared band cross-calibration and validation

HJ-1A satellite has been lunched in September, 2008. It is calibration and validation that the fundamental of quantitative utilization of HJ-1A IRS imagery. HJ-1A has only one channel in thermal infrared band, compared to MODIS sensor, which has two channels accordingly. The key process of cross-calibration is band match, so this paper uses the MODIS SST product retrieval algorithm as reference for the difference of HJ-1A and MODIS thermal infrared channels characters. TIGR database were used as input parameters into radiative transfer mode Modtran4.0 to obtain band match coefficients by regression analysis. Number 711~1064 datum in TIGR database representing mid-latitude winter were chose according to the selected image's date. Research demonstrates that cross-calibration method is effective to HJ-1A thermal infrared channel 4.
Ultra-wideband 45° phase shifter based on multi-section broadside coupling structure

An ultra-wideband 45° phase shifter is presented in this letter. The phase shifter is designed using a multi-section broadside coupling structure that yields ultra-wideband bandpass response and constant phase shift. The measured reflection coefficient, insertion loss and phase variation are -12.5 dB, 0.67 dB, ±1.6° for the band from 2.85 to 10.70 GHz (112%), and -12.5 dB, 1 dB, ±5° for the band from 2.60 to 11.05 GHz (124%). This design outperforms the previously reported results about ultra-wideband 45° phase shift and is suitable for the ultra-wideband Butler matrices design.
Research on Early-Warning Model of Students' Academic Records Based on Association Rules

Association Rules is an important research direction of data mining. Its study is mostly concentrated on improving algorithm efficiency presently, but neglects users’ understanding and participating in excavating course. Students’ historical academic records stored in university's educational administration systems was taken as data source, the paper established interactive visible mining model based on classical association rules, and introduced objective interest degree and subjective interest degree. Experiment results show that model built was feasible and meaningful; it could help us improve teaching management and personnel trainings’ quality.
Artificial Mapping for Dynamic Resource Management of Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper sheds light on the artificial mapping schemes for adaptive network collaboration of cognitive radio networks. The analysis shows that the superiority of the DHTbased overlay is due to its link state aggregation property, which establishes global convergence for link state aggregation among a scalable number of nodes. Recognizing that fuzzy logic inference can better handle uncertainty, fuzziness, and incomplete information in node convergence report, FuzzyConvergence is developed as a novel approach to aggregate wireless node control with affordable message overload. The proposed Artificial Mapping Tree (AMT) built upon the new convergence scheme has achieved noticeably better performance than the state-of-theart proactive spectrum coordination with moderately increased network throughput for convergence validation.
An automatic method of tree-rings boundary detection on wood micro-images

The research of tree-rings helps us to understand the local climate change, pollution, etc. in that time, but also to identify the wood species. The detection of tree-rings boundary is a prerequisite for the computer to automatically obtain information about tree-rings. A new approach based on mathematical morphology to achieve tree-rings boundary from micro-images of wood on cross-section is presented in this paper. This method finds the regions of tree-rings, and isolates the tree-rings from the complex background firstly; eliminates burrs by image processing, and fills breakpoints. Then a new and efficient search algorithm, called PFS, is used to track the tree-rings boundary. The experimental results show that the method is efficient for tree-rings boundary detection on cross-section images, especially can get satisfied outcomes for the condition of many cracks around the tree-rings.
Adjustable Schmitt triggers using floating-gate MOS transistors

Novel Schmitt triggers based on multiple-input floating-gate MOS(FGMOS) transistors are presented. By using the control signal of multiple-input gate, the adjustable threshold voltages can be achieved conveniently. As the variable threshold voltage can be achieved easily in FGMOS circuit, all the proposed Schmitt triggers have considerable simpler structure. The effectiveness of the proposed Schmitt triggers has been validated by HSPICE simulation results with TSMC 0.35μm 2-ploy 4-metal CMOS technology.
Robust Video Retrieval with Luminance Field Trace Indexing and Geometry Matching

Efficient indexing and robust retrieval are key features for an effective video retrieval system. In this paper we represent video sequences as traces in an appropriate low dimensional space via luminance field scaling and PCA projection, and introduce a combination of top-down and bottom-up strategies for indexing. Various means of introducing distortions in query clips are considered and several heuristics are developed to achieve robustness in retrieval performance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
Speed Range Extension for Simplex Wave Winding Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Machine

A new speed range extension method for the simplex wave winding permanent-magnet (PM) brushless DC machine is proposed in this paper. The machine is with PM excitation, electric commutation, and close-connected winding identical to the brushed DC machine (see Zhu , “A new simplex wave winding permanent-magnet brushless DC machine,”  Jan. 2011). By properly controlling the status of power electronic switches, the number of coils being connected into the equivalent circuit can be reduced, and thus the speed range will be extended. For the prototype of 10-pole and 11-slot machine, besides operating with all the 11 coils, the machine can be controlled with only 8 or 6 coils operating for wider speed range. The experiments verify the new speed range extension method for simplex wave winding PM brushless DC machine.
Doppler frequency rate estimation for SAR using match Fourier transform

In this paper, the basic signal model of SAR is discussed. According to the model, a new method of Doppler frequency rate estimation for SAR is proposed. At the same time, theoretical analyses and simulation results are given. In addition, we give the Doppler frequency rate estimation using the airborne SAR experimental echo data. In the end, the image of the SAR is obtained for the estimated Doppler frequency rate. The simulation results and the images prove that the method can make blind processing SAR raw data and can efficiently estimate Doppler frequency rate, and show that the precision of estimation is high.
Compact Waveguide Dual-Band Filters and Diplexers

This paper presents a new class of dual-band filters and diplexers, realized based on dual-band resonators. The proposed dual-band filter and diplexer do not require junctions and can achieve equivalent performance with fewer cavities, thus offering a significant reduction in size compared with traditional approaches. The concept is potentially applicable to most dual-band cavities and is demonstrated in this paper using elliptical and rectangular waveguide cavities. The first design is an inline structure employing elliptical cavities, whereas the second design is implemented through a unique layout that combines the use of dual-band and single-band rectangular cavities. The result is a group of highly compact dual-band filters and diplexers that offer increased Q and an improved spurious-free window. To verify the concept, an eighth-order Ku-band elliptical dual-band filter and a fourth-order Ku-band rectangular diplexer are designed, manufactured, and tested to allow comparisons with traditional designs.
FMS job-shop scheduling under disruptions with consideration of time and sequence deviation

In this paper, we present a two-stage procedure off-line scheduling algorithm based on the Lagrangian relaxation method to maintain minimum mean weighted flow time for solving FMS job shop problems. On the other hand, uncertainties in the production environment inevitably result in deviations from the initial schedules. Five types of disruptions are considered in the case of rescheduling with an objective of maximum stability. Regarding the stability (time and sequence deviation) and efficiency (makespan), the simulation results of both short time and long time machine breakdown are illustrated for discussion.
Finite-State Markov Modeling for Wireless Channels in Tunnel Communication-Based Train Control Systems

Communication-based train control (CBTC) is being rapidly adopted in urban rail transit systems, as it can significantly enhance railway network efficiency, safety, and capacity. Since CBTC systems are mostly deployed in underground tunnels and trains move at high speeds, building a train-ground wireless communication system for CBTC is a challenging task. Modeling the tunnel channels is very important in designing the wireless networks and evaluating the performance of CBTC systems. Most existing works on channel modeling do not consider the unique characteristics of CBTC systems, such as high mobility speed, deterministic moving direction, and accurate train-location information. In this paper, we develop a finite-state Markov channel (FSMC) model for tunnel channels in CBTC systems. The proposed FSMC model is based on real field CBTC channel measurements obtained from a business-operating subway line. Unlike most existing channel models, which are not related to specific locations, the proposed FSMC channel model takes train locations into account to have a more accurate channel model. The distance between the transmitter and the receiver is divided into intervals and an FSMC model is applied in each interval. The accuracy of the proposed FSMC model is illustrated by the simulation results generated from the model and the real field measurement results.
The study and experiment on azimuth super-resolution using phase information

A method which makes use of the phase information of the spectrum of the radar echo amplitude signal to make azimuth super-resolution, is given. Theoretical analyses and simulation results prove that the method is feasible and can effectively determine whether the radar echoes contain a single target or multi-targets under the condition that the SNR is above 10 dB. The case, in which the time function of the antenna main-lobe is not a match for that of the echo amplitude, is simulated. Finally, the results of processing radar experimental data is presented and indicates again that the method is feasible in practice.
Embedded Yarn Tension Control System Based on the Design of the Sensor

On the basis of elaborating the traditional tension control, a new software design in which digital motol control and digital display used is offered. Simple and effective practical yarn tension controlling system of MCU design is adopted in its hardware. It, meantime, discussed the tension transmission system, specific quantization and the anti-interference problems. The results show that the controller has simple structure, low-cost and great performance.
Flexible Transparent Junctionless TFTs With Oxygen-Tuned Indium-Zinc-Oxide Channels

Flexible low-voltage transparent junctionless thin-film transistors (TFTs) with oxygen-tuned indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) active layers are fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate plastic substrates at room temperature with only one shadow mask. IZO films deposited in gradient oxygen ambient are used as the channel and source/drain electrodes without any source/drain junction. High performance with a low subthreshold swing of 0.13 V/decade and a high drain current ON/OFF ratio 106 are obtained in both flat and curving states. A field-effect mobility with a upper limit value of ~60 cm2/V.s is obtained with a gate voltage sweep speed of 0.05 V/s. Such flexible IZO-based junctionless TFTs with lowcost are promising for portable flexible sensor and bioelectronics applications.
Weak signal blind source separation in Passive Radar System with strong interference

In Passive Radar System, obtaining the mixed weak object signal against the super power signal (jamming) is still an challenging task. In this paper, a novel framework based on the Passive Radar System is designed for the weak object signal separation. We first propose an Interference Cancellation algorithm (IC-algorithm) to extract the mixed weak object signal from the strong jamming. Then, an improved FastICA algorithm with K-means cluster is designed to separate each weak signal from the mixed weak object signal. We verify the proposed method based on several simulations. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on the Application of Multi-Agent to the Telecontrol Communication for Power System

Multi-agent technology has been used widely for developing some complicated, dynamic and distributed system now, but it is seldom to be applied to the realization of communication standards. This paper focuses on how to utilize the multi-agent to implement the international standard--IEC 61850 in the telecontrol communication of power system to make the substation monitoring devices exchange information straightly with the SCADA system of power system, and improve the flexibility and quality of services at the same time. The model of multi-agent system has been constructed, and the templates of principal communication entities, i.e., IED_Agent and Dispatching_ Agent have been given, which integrate the requirements of IEC 61850 with the characteristic of software agent well. By developing and testing the prototype system in laboratory, the feasibility of the model is verified, thus it is available for reference in the implementation and application of IEC61850.
Network behavior based mobile virus detection

Fast spreading mobile viruses have caused major damage on both mobile users and carriers' networks. Polymorphism and metamorphism make the detection even more difficult. Traditional signatures-based anti-virus systems yields excellent detection rates for existing and previously encountered viruses, but they lack the capacity to efficiently detect new unknown variants. In this paper, we study network behavior based mobile virus detection to figure out unknown viruses. We presented a network behavior feature selection method to find out generic features for different types of viruses. Real traffic from the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network is analyzed and plenty of tests are conducted to prove the effectiveness. The experiments show that many viruses can be classified into common virus families based on the similarities in network behaviors, and our feature selection method can detect unknown viruses with high possibility.
Modeling of Viscoelastic Electromechanical Behavior in a Soft Dielectric Elastomer Actuator

Soft dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) exhibit interesting muscle-like behavior for the development of soft robots. However, it is challenging to model these soft actuators due to their material nonlinearity, nonlinear electromechanical coupling, and time-dependent viscoelastic behavior. Most recent studies on DEAs focus on issues of mechanics, physics, and material science, while much less importance is given to quantitative characterization of DEAs. In this paper, we present a detailed experimental investigation probing the voltage-induced electromechanical response of a soft DEA that is subjected to cyclic loading and propose a general constitutive modeling approach to characterize the time-dependent response, based on the principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In this paper, some of the key observations are found as follows: 1) Creep exhibits the drift phenomenon, and is dominant during the first three cycles. The creep decreases over time and becomes less dominant after the first few cycles; 2) a significant amount of hysteresis is observed during all cycles and it becomes repeatable after the first few cycles; 3) the peak of the displacement is shifted from the peak of the voltage signal and occurs after it. To account for these viscoelastic phenomena, a constitutive model is developed by employing several dissipative nonequilibrium mechanisms. The quantitative comparisons of the experimental and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model. This modeling approach can be useful for control of a viscoelastic DEA and paves the way to emerging applications of soft robots.
A new securely running mechanism and programming model based on WorkerApplet thread in Elastos

With the transferring and development of the application of computer operating system from desktop to network, in the next generation of Internet operating system, it is more and more important to consider the security of creating, running and exiting a thread on remote computer. This paper put forward the conceptions of "Worker Applet", and designs a new running mechanism of thread that is implemented in Elastos. We change the object of thread for running from a "code of function" to a "WorkerApplet object". This work gives a new way to create, run, and exit a thread in remote system, especially which can be used to improve the security of system and data in the Internet environment. And it perfects the running mechanism of thread in traditional operating system on the aspects of both the management of security and programming model.