nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A 65nm 4Kb algorithm-dependent computing-in-memory SRAM unit-macro with 2.3ns and 55.8TOPS/W fully parallel product-sum operation for binary DNN edge processors

For deep-neural-network (DNN) processors [1-4], the product-sum (PS) operation predominates the computational workload for both convolution (CNVL) and fully-connect (FCNL) neural-network (NN) layers. This hinders the adoption of DNN processors to on the edge artificial-intelligence (AI) devices, which require low-power, low-cost and fast inference. Binary DNNs [5-6] are used to reduce computation and hardware costs for AI edge devices; however, a memory bottleneck still remains.  PE arrays exploit parallelized computation, but suffer from inefficient single-row SRAM access to weights and intermediate data. Computing-in-memory (CIM) improves efficiency by enabling parallel computing, reducing memory accesses, and suppressing intermediate data. Nonetheless, three critical challenges remain (Fig. 31.5.2), particularly for FCNL. We overcome these problems by co-optimizing the circuits and the system. Recently, researches have been focusing on XNOR based binary-DNN structures . Although they achieve a slightly higher accuracy, than other binary structures, they require a significant hardware cost (i.e. 8T-12T SRAM) to implement a CIM system. To further reduce the hardware cost, by using 6T SRAM to implement a CIM system, we employ binary DNN with 0/1-neuron and ±1-weight that was proposed in . We implemented a 65nm 4Kb algorithm-dependent CIM-SRAM unit-macro and in-house binary DNN structure (focusing on FCNL with a simplified PE array), for cost-aware DNN AI edge processors. This resulted in the first binary-based CIM-SRAM macro with the fastest (2.3ns) PS operation, and the highest energy-efficiency (55.8TOPS/W) among reported CIM macros [3-4].
Role of linewidth enhancement factor on time-delay signature concealment of chaos in mutually-coupled semiconductor ring lasers

The time-delay signature (TDS) properties in chaotic semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) with mutual injection are investigated numerically. The TDS is quantified via auto-correlation function. We numerically investigate the influence of linewidth enhancement factor α on the TDS. The results show that the TDS can be efficiently concealed when the linewidth enhancement factor of SRLs is large enough, and much larger ranges of operation parameters can be continuously adjusted. Hence, for practical applications, by simply choosing mutually-coupled SRLs with larger linewidth factors, four sets of widely tunable chaos with TDS concealment can be simultaneously achieved, which is highly desirable for high speed random number generation and optical chaotic encryption system based on chaotic SRLs.
Predicting Protein-Protein Recognition Using Feature Vector

Proteins play an important role in the function of organism. The protein-protein interaction brings the interaction of cells and executes functions of physiology. A protein complex is either permanent or transient. Proteins recognize each other by forming transient complexes. In order to predict protein-protein recognition, we study the residue distribution on the binding sites of the two contacting proteins in a complex. Calpha atoms of the amino acids on the binding site are projected from 3D to 2D plane. We use the distribution of polarity and electricity of residues on the 2D plane to predict protein recognition with neural network model. The prediction accuracy reaches 72% in our experiment.
Compact Dual-Mode Patch Resonator for Filter Applications

Based on a square patch resonator, a compact dual-mode band-pass filter is studied in this paper. The size reduction of the developed filter is simply achieved by etching a dual-cross slot on the patch. Studies indicate that with this arrangement, the size can be reduced to 26.7% as compared to the conventional patch resonator. Meanwhile, a pair of transmission zeros close to the pass band improves its selectivity. Both measurements and simulations are presented and compared in the paper.
Design of a one-chip power amplifier with transmission line based matching circuit

We designed a SiGe BiCMOS 5.8 GHz power amplifier (PA) by using the commercial electromagnetic (EM) and SPICE co-simulator. At first, in order to evaluate the EM simulator, we prepared the on-chip spiral inductor and compared the measurement results with SPICE model and EM simulation results. The experimental results of the inductance of the spiral inductor are consistent with that of the EM simulation. Next, a new matching circuit composed of conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CPW) meanderline resonators and impedance inverters are designed. Finally, we designed die 5.8 GHz PA with CPW matching circuit, spiral inductor and feed line by using EM and SPICE co-simulator.
Enhancing Training Collections for Image Annotation: An Instance-Weighted Mixture Modeling Approach

Tagged Web images provide an abundance of labeled training examples for visual concept learning. However, the performance of automatic training data selection is susceptible to highly inaccurate tags and atypical images. Consequently, manually curated training data sets are still a preferred choice for many image annotation systems. This paper introduces ARTEMIS - a scheme to enhance automatic selection of training images using an instance-weighted mixture modeling framework. An optimization algorithm is derived to learn instance-weights in addition to mixture parameter estimation, essentially adapting to the noise associated with each example. The mechanism of hypothetical local mapping is evoked so that data in diverse mathematical forms or modalities can be cohesively treated as the system maintains tractability in optimization. Finally, training examples are selected from top-ranked images of a likelihood-based image ranking. Experiments indicate that ARTEMIS exhibits higher resilience to noise than several baselines for large training data collection. The performance of ARTEMIS-trained image annotation system is comparable with usage of manually curated data sets.
A study of inflammation immunization strategy in weighted complex network

The problem of epidemic spreading has been widely studied by scientists from various fields, so the corresponding immunization strategy is also been extensively concerned. But the traditional immunization behaviors are performed by deleting edges in the network, which causes changes of the network structure and then possibly severe damage to the network efficiency. In this paper we studied a novel inflammation immunization strategy in weighted network by reducing the edge weight to suppress the spreading of the epidemic while maintain necessary network efficiency. It likes the situation when one place of our body is infected, inflammation occurs around the infected point to prevent the infection going widely, but it does not damage the body function. So we call the new strategy as ”inflammation immunization strategy”. Using the SI epidemic spreading model, we set the transmission rate to be in proportion to the edge weight. Further we give the detailed dynamic evolution for the infected nodes which facilitates an effective epidemic control. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the inflammation immunization strategy can effectively prevent epidemic spreading while maintain a high efficiency of the network.
An improved method of speckle filtering in SAR image based on structure detection

This paper presents an improved method of speckle filtering in SAR image based on structure detection to solve some problems of the Lopes' structure detection and statistical adaptive speckle filtering. The method uses the probability iterative to segment SAR image and detect the edges, then combines the strong scatterer detection result to label the SAR image as structure area and non-structure area. In non-structure area, the Lee filter is used, and in the structure area, the intensity of the image is preserved. Experimental results with RADARSAT images verify the practicability and the advantage of the improved method.
Dictionaries Construction Using Alternating Projection Method in Compressive Sensing

This letter introduces a novel algorithm to construct sensing and measurement dictionaries in compressive sensing using alternating projection method. The cumulative and mutual cross coherence of the constructed dictionaries are lower than those of Gaussian random dictionary. The concept of General Restricted Isometry Constant (GRIC) is introduced. Low cumulative cross coherence puts bound on GRIC and small GRIC improves successful recovery rate of OMP algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that OMP algorithm performs better using dictionaries constructed by the proposed algorithm than Gaussian random dictionaries and those constructed by Schnass' algorithm.
LED non-linearity mitigation techniques for optical OFDM-based visible light communications

The visible light communication (VLC) utilising the light emitting diodes (LEDs) as transmitters has gained much interest for the indoor wireless access due to its abundance of unregulated spectrum. However, the LED non-linearities cause a detrimental non-linear distortion especially for the adoption of optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (O-OFDM), which is known to suffer high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Specifically, the authors consider the direct current biased O-OFDM (DCO-OFDM) to realise the O-OFDM signals. This study aims to develop the mitigation techniques for LED non-linearities at transmitter through the combined advantages of PAPR reduction and the technique of linearising the non-linear LED characteristics. The orthogonal cover code sequence is exploited to design a transform precoding to reduce the PAPR. An uncomplicated pre-distorter at transmitter is adopted to linearise the LED non-linearity. In addition, the authors propose a dynamic DC biasing method to avoid the clipping noise in DCO-OFDM. As a whole, the proposed techniques at VLC transmitter can improve the LED non-linearities even for large input signals.
An integrate method of locating fault line under single phase to ground fault in distribution network

Based the single selection method of deficiencies on the distribution network being single-phase ground fault, this paper presents the combined approach the using of transient signal wavelet analysis method and steady-state signal comparison of the amplitude method. Thus in theoretical the method of line selection is complete. The results of the MATLAB simulation analysis show that the method is accurate and reliable to be able to select grounding line.
An Efficient Indirect Identification Method for Feedback Control System

In many cases it is not possible to remove the feedback during an identification experiment because this may lead to instability. The feedback may also be inherent in many dynamic systems (e.g., economical, biological). In this paper we shall consider the problem of identification of dynamic systems operating under feedback control and propose an indirect approach to closed-loop system identification based on the bias-compensation principle. The main feature of the proposed method is that introductions of auxiliary vector and matrix are helpful to find an approach to estimating the noise-output correlated variance. Therefore via compensating the consistent bias of LS estimate, the consistent estimates for closed-loop system can be given.
Robust Integration of High-Level Dispatchable Renewables in Power System Operation

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) requires more flexibility resources (FR), such as thermal units and storages. FR kept in the system can help accommodate the uncertainties from RES. The challenge is how the system can survive when the RES level is very high. In this paper, RESs are considered as full-role market participants. They can bid in the day-ahead market, and the powers they deliver to the market are controllable up to their maximum available powers. Therefore, RESs are effectively dispatchable and can function as FR. To integrate dispatchable renewables, a two-stage robust unit commitment (UC) and dispatch model is established. In the first stage, a base UC and dispatch is determined. In the second stage, all FRs including RESs are used to accommodate the uncertainties, which is a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem. It is proved that the solution to the max–min problem can be identified directly whether the strong duality holds or not for the inner minimization problem. The solution robustness can be guaranteed by considering only one extra scenario. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and its advantages over the traditional robust UC model with high-level RES penetration.
A Band-Notched Ultrawideband Printed Monopole Antenna

In this letter, a band-notched ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented and the notched-band characteristic is realized by a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonant cell (CCRC). The antenna with a total size of 46 mm $,times,$30 mm operates in a band from 2.67 to over 12 GHz, and shows omnidirectional radiation patterns. Measurements indicate that the antenna presents a notched band from 5.10 to 5.94 GHz for $ VSWR ge 3:1$, which covers the wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The time-domain behaviors and the CCRC are discussed and the group delay is given experimentally. Also, parametric studies are performed numerically in the end.
Development of Lithium-ion battery pack balanced controller based on fuzzy control

For the characteristics of time variation, nonlinearity and uncertainty which exist in balancing process of Lithium-ion battery pack, and for strong coupling between internal error voltage and external load current, this paper proposes a fuzzy control balancing algorithm based on closed-loop energy model. In this paper, the maximum degree of non-equilibrium and external load current is regarded as the inputs, and the duty cycle of drive signal of power switch as the output in single cells. This algorithm solves such a bottleneck that conventional PID control cannot further improve the equalization performance. Simulation experiments about static equilibrium without load and about dynamic equilibrium with load were carried out. Results show that the proposed balancing algorithm has good control accuracy and it can improve the equalization performance of lithium-ion batteries.
SIMO linear array InSAR echoes simulation for airport scenes

This paper presents a simulator of SIMO (single input and multiple output) linear array (SIMO-LA) InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) echoes for airport scenes. SIMO-LA InSAR echoes for airport scenes are modeled and divided into two parts: the aircarft scattering and the background scattering. The approximation of monostatic and bistatic radar is adopted in the simulation of the aircraft scattering and the correlation between different antennas is considered in the simulation of the background scattering. The multipath scattering and the shadowing between the aircraft and the background are taken into account. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the validity and high quality of SIMO-LA InSAR echoes simulation technique.
On conceptual and methodological issues in control of complex systems

This paper focus on the conceptual and methodological issues in the study of complex system control, which begins by discussing the definition of complex systems and the principals of complex system control. In order to present the primary concept in complex system theory, a formal description for understanding emergence is introduced. Consequently, this paper indicates the emergence-oriented control methodology that contains three kinds of basic control schemes: the direct control, the system re-structuring and the system calibration. As a universal ontology, the emergence-oriented control provides a powerful tool for identifying and resolving control problems in specific systems.
A Ka-band frequency divider with high division ratio and low power consumption

This paper has proposed a frequency divider with high division ratio for Ka-band applications. For demonstration purpose, a 27 to 3 GHz divider has been designed, fabricated and measured. The experimental results indicate that a locking range of 180 MHz has been achieved with high input sensitivity. Meanwhile, the required DC current is only 10.85 mA with power consumption being 12 mW. The studied frequency divider features simple circuit topology and low power consumption that is important in MMIC design.
An improved dual-primal domain decomposition method for 3D electromagnetic problems

In this paper, a new dual-primal domain decomposition method referred to as the FETI-DPEM2 is proposed, which retains all the advantages of the FETI-DPEM (dual-primal finite element tearing and interconnecting) such as the construction of the global coarse problem and the explicit interface equation that can be solved by Krylov subspace method, while significantly improving the performance in the high-frequency region.
Analysis of fuzzy time interval in the hybrid Petri net model of train operation system

The paper presents a method for calculating fuzzy time interval in the hybrid Petri net model of train operation system. Owing to the system hybrid attributes, hybrid Petri net is used to model the train operation system. In order to quantitatively analyze various uncertainty factors of the system, the theory of probability-possibility transformations is introduced to calculate fuzzy time interval related to the model. We design two experiments which are the simulations of single train and train tracking. The results show that possibility distribution of train's arrival time can be statistically gained, and then we compute fuzzy time interval based on the theorem of probability-possibility transformations. Compared with existing methods, this method based on hybrid Petri net provides a more reasonable way of analyzing uncertainty factors and improves former methods of temporal reasoning.
A convenient method to fabricate multilayer interconnections for microdevices

We report a new method to fabricate multilayer interconnections without requiring wet or dry etching or deposition of insulating layers. Three levels of electrical connections are obtained by merely repeating deposition, photolithography, and anodization of a metal layer. Without the need to etch metal layers or deposit and etch insulation layers, the overall process is simple, cheap, safe, and of low temperature. While the utility is general for a wide variety of microdevices and electronics, in this paper we demonstrate one application by developing a low-cost fabrication of a large-array electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) chip that requires three metal layers.
Research on New Method of Mapping Highland Lake Isobath and Horizontal Surface Distance

Conventional measuring methods cannot accurately detect the depth and the horizontal distance of the lakes, especially when a fixed-point sampling is needed on the surface of the lake, because it is restricted by the natural conditions, capital and human resource. This paper presents a new methodology for measuring the isobath and the horizontal surface distance of a lake. And the mapping process of 8m isobath Yangzonghai Lake near Quan-Yong Point by using this new and simple measuring method was introduced. This new measuring method could be useful for non-professionals to map the isobath lines and to measure the horizontal surface distance of lakes.
Maximum combination spatial modulation

Spatial Modulation (SM) is a variant of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique with only one antenna transmits signal at a time. It has the advantage of inter-antenna interference avoidance. Therefore, most of the antennas are idle during the signal transmission. Many literatures have been proposed to use multiple antennas to improve the bit error rate (BER) and bandwidth efficiency for the SM. In this paper, we propose a maximum combination spatial modulation (MCSP) to improve the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the related SM methods. Results show that the proposed method can improve the BER and can also increase the throughput for the conventional SM method.
A Detailed Study on Phosphor-Converted Light-Emitting Diodes With Multi-Phosphor Configuration Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain and Ray-Tracing Methods

Although the optical simulations have been widely adopted to study phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pcLEDs), to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that investigates the pcLED model considering the effect of phosphor particles with irregular shapes. In order to explore this topic, we employ the finite-difference time-domain method to characterize the phosphor-converted element (PCE) model. Furthermore, the PCE-based pcLED with YAG:Ce and nitride phosphors is investigated by the ray-tracing method. The results show that the rod-shaped nitride phosphor can scatter incident light to larger angles compared with the spherical YAG:Ce phosphor of the same size. In turn, their different scattering and absorption characterizations cause that the mixing concentration of the phosphors has a significant effect on the correlative color temperature and light output power of the pcLED.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Non-Affine Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller is investigated for a class of non-affine nonlinear systems. Firstly, rigorous description and quantification of the approximation error of the neuro-fuzzy controller are discussed. Then a novel updating algorithm to adapt the weights, centers, and widths of the neuro-fuzzy controller is presented based on Lyapunov stability theory. It is shown that the proposed design method is able to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the tracking error. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy control scheme
Built-in self-calibration of CMOS-compatible thermopile sensor with on-chip electrical stimulus

MEMS devices are expected to be used in a growing number of high-volume and low-cost applications. However because they usually require complex test stimuli rather than simple digital electronic signals as common VLSI systems to verify their specifications, testing and calibration costs have actually become a bottleneck to reduce the overall production cost of MEMS sensors. To address this issue, this paper presents an on-chip scheme to calibrate the responsivity of infrared thermopile temperature sensor with digital control signals. With the proposed method, the responsivity related to the ambient temperature can be calibrated before the target temperature being measured thus to achieve accurate temperature measurement. The proposed self-calibrating thermopile sensor design has been realized by CMOS-compatible process to prove the effectiveness of the self-calibration temperature measurement method.
A compact frequency-reconfigurable antenna empolying novel composite right/left-handed transmission-line structure

A compact frequency reconfigurable antenna employing novel composite right/left-hanged (CRLH) transmission line structure is presented. According to the theory of open-ended or short-ended resonators with a CRLH TL, A pin-diode is embedded between the patch and ground. By switching the pin-diode, the antenna can achieve dual-band operation at zeroth-order series and shunt resonances. The antenna is constructed using a Rogers duroid 5880 substrate having the εr value equal 2.2 occupies an overall size of 22.8 × 27 × 1.6 mm3, the working mechanism and radiation performances of the antenna are examined and illustrated for the two operating band.