nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin-film silicon solar cells for space applications: radiation hardness and applications for an integrated Solant (solar cell-antenna) module

A new device called "Solant" (for SOLar cell-ANTenna) is presented in this paper. It is a combination of thin-film amorphous silicon solar cells and flat printed antennas. A proton irradiation campaign has also been carried out on a series of n-i-p amorphous and p-i-n micromorph [microcrystalline (/spl mu/c-Si:H) and amorphous (a-Si:H)] silicon tandem solar cells. The effect of thermal annealing on solar cells degraded by proton irradiation is investigated.
Silicon-on-Insulator All-Pass Microring Resonators Using a Polarization Rotating Coupling Section

We propose a novel microring resonator concept that uses a polarization rotating asymmetrical directional coupler. The quasi-transverse electric polarized mode in the bus waveguide is used to excite the quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) polarized mode in the microring. This enables the realization of microrings with a high quality factor due to the lower scattering loss of the quasi-TM polarized mode. We demonstrate the operation principle with two all-pass microrings with radius 30 μm, working in the critically coupled regime with a quality factor of 31 000 and in the under-coupled regime with a quality factor of 125 000.
Novel QoS model for mapping of MPEG-4 coding onto MP-NoC

Quality-of-service (QoS) management is becoming an important part of consumer electronics systems. The complexity of recent multimedia applications and their requirements on the system throughput ask for a parallel programming model which enables parallel task execution. In this paper, we describe a hierarchical QoS model for managing multimedia applications running on a multiprocessor systems-on-chip (SoC). We focus on an MPEG-4 shape-texture decoder that is fully object based, using arbitrary object shapes. We specify the QoS problem within the given application domain. First, we explore the possible application scalability. The obtained results save up to 26% of resources. Second, and in contrast with many existing systems, we employ a novel prediction technique for the execution time of video-object decoding in a group of frames, where the actual execution is spent only on data that have a guarantee to be presented.
Instantaneously responsive subtitle localization and classification for TV applications

This paper presents an algorithm for localization and classification of subtitles in TV videos. We extend an existing static-region detector with object-based adaptive temporal filtering, bounding box computation around blobs of refined static regions, bounding box categorization based on geometry and filling degree of static regions, and subtitle classification using text-stroke alignment features. On a test set of more than 5000 video frames, a Precision rate of 96% is achieved at 98% Recall rate. The system detects subtitles without frame delays, and uses techniques suitable for implementation in a TV platform. We also experimentally show that the picture quality of Motion-Compensated Picture Rate Conversion in televisions can benefit from our system.
S-Band Class-F Power Amplifier with Integrated Switched Mode Power Supply

An S-band radar transmitter MMIC is reported containing a class-F power amplifier and a switched mode power supply. The integration of the power supply offers the possibility to optimize the power amplifier bias voltage for each individual device in a AESA antenna. This has several advantages such as amplitude tapering with preservation of efficiency, the reduction of spurious signals due to decoherence and the removal of single point of failure.
Low-voltage Ge avalanche photodetector for highly sensitive 10Gb/s Si photonics receivers

We demonstrate low-voltage germanium waveguide avalanche photodetectors (APD) with gain-bandwidth product of 88GHz. A 7.1dB sensitivity improvement is demonstrated for an APD wire-bonded to a 10Gb/s CMOS transimpedance amplifier, at -6.2V APD bias.
Obtaining candidate words by polling in a large vocabulary speech recognition system

Considers the problem of rapidly obtaining a short list of candidate words for more detailed inspection in a large vocabulary, vector-quantizing speech recognition system. An approach called polling is advocated, in which each label produced by the vector quantizer casts a varying, real-valed vote for each word in the vocabulary. The words receiving the highest votes are placed on a short list to be matched in detail at a later stage of processing. Expressions are derived for these votes under the assumption that for any given word, the observed label frequencies have Poisson distributions. Although the method is more general, particular attention is paid to the implementation of polling in speech recognition systems which use hidden Markov models during the acoustic match computation. Results are presented of experiments with speaker-dependent and speaker-independent Markov models on two different isolated word recognition tasks.<<ETX>>
Overlapped feeds to increase the edge of coverage gain in multi-beam reflector antennas

A novel strategy has been presented to design multi-beam reflector antenna system based on the excitation of a couple of leaky waves by covering the focal plane array with a single thin dielectric layer and tuning the array design to maximize their positive effect. In the worst case scenario of neighboring co-frequency and co-polarized beams an increase of the Geoc of 1 dB over a 6% BW with respect to the standard free space designs could be obtained. In the scenario of a multi beam system for a telecommunication satellite with four channels an edge of coverage increase larger than 1.7 dB has been shown over a 3% BW.
The BOOM Project: Towards 160 Gb/s Packet Switching Using SOI Photonic Integrated Circuits and Hybrid Integrated Optical Flip-Flops

We present a 160 Gb/s optical packet switching architecture that performs label detection and packet wavelength con- version using photonic components integrated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide boards. For label detection, we report the fabrication of a 4-channel tunable, second-order microring resonator demultiplexer using the SOI nanowire waveguide platform. For all-optical wavelength conversion we report the integration and packaging of a cascaded SOI delay interferometer (DI) structure using SOI rib waveguides. Both components were assembled with an optical flip-flop to enable 160 Gb/s optical packet switching. The power penalty after the wavelength conversion process was ~4.5 dB with error performance well above the FEC limit. This work is part of the European ICT-BOOM project which aims at building a Tb/s photonic router using hybrid and heterogeneous integration on SOI substrates. The preliminary results reported here is the initial step before the final project demonstrator.
Some experiments with large-vocabulary isolated-word sentence recognition

This paper deals with two experiments with a large vocabulary isolated word recognizer. The first compares word error rates for 1) meaningful sentences belonging to actual documents and 2) random word lists from the same vocabulary. The error rate is considerably lower for random word lists. The second experiment investigates the performance of the recognition system on sentences containing words outside the vocabulary of the recognizer. Sentences from a 5000 word vocabulary task are recognized with a recognizer limited to a 2000 word subvocabulary. The error rate is only slightly higher than it would be if recognition of the full 5000 word vocabulary was allowed.
Locally-Adaptive Image Contrast Enhancement without Noise and Ringing Artifacts

For real-time imaging in surveillance applications, visibility of details is of primary importance to ensure customer confidence. Additional constraints are the absence of human interaction and low computational complexity. Usually, image quality is improved by enhancing contrast and sharpness. Many complex scenes require local contrast improvements that should bring details to the best possible visibility. However, local enhancement methods mainly suffer from ringing artifacts and noise over-enhancement. In this paper, we present a new multi-window real-time high-frequency enhancement scheme, in which gain is a nonlinear function of the detail energy. Our algorithm controls perceived sharpness, ringing artifacts (contrast) and noise, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and non-disturbance of artifacts. Its advantage is that gains can be set now much higher than usual and the algorithm will reduce them only at places where it is really needed.
Low-Power 56Gb/s NRZ Microring Modulator Driver in 28nm FDSOI CMOS

High speed optical interconnects require low-power compact electro-optical transmit modules comprising driver circuits and optical modulators. This letter presents a low power 56 Gb/s non-return-to-zero CMOS inverter-based driver in 28 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS driving a 46 GHz silicon photonic microring modulator. The driver delivers 1 Vpp to the microring modulator from a 75 mVpp input while only consuming 40 mW (710 fJ/bit at 56 Gb/s). The realized transmitter shows 4 dB extinction ratio when running of a 1 V supply voltage. Transmission experiments up to 2 km of single mode fiber show a bit-error-ratio less than  $1\cdot 10^{-9}$  at 56 Gb/s.
A Metamaterial T-Junction Power Divider

A metamaterial based compact microstrip T-junction power divider working at 10GHz is proposed. The metamaterial unit cell consists of microstrip gaps and via holes whose behavior is equivalent to the combination of series capacitors and shunt inductors respectively, that is, a dual transmission line (high-pass) configuration. By adjusting the parameters of these structures, the characteristics of the Metamaterial-medium can be set to achieve a desired phase shift. To validate the design, a T-junction power divider is fabricated and measured. A 70% reduction of the length of the impedance transformer, without significant performance degradation, has been achieved
A 5-frequency millimeter wave antenna for a spaceborne limb sounding instrument

Several spaceborne Earth observation missions such as the European Space Agency's (ESA) atmospheric chemistry instruments Millimeter wave Acquisitions for Stratosphere/Troposphere Exchange Research (MASTER), Soprano or Piramhyd require the development of complex millimeter and submillimeter wave range spectroradiometers. These instruments place stringent requirements on antenna electrical performance due to the low-noise signal levels and the high-vertical resolution involved. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic (EM) design and analysis of a 2.2-m diameter Cassegrain antenna operating in 5-frequency bands between 200 and 500 GHz. The primary feed network is an essential part. It has to provide not only the low-loss frequency separation of the bands but also the antenna illumination with nearly perfect amplitude and phase patterns for high-beam efficiency. Quasi-optical techniques are extensively used for the overall antenna design and focal plane demultiplexer breadboarding and testing.
Automated in-plane visualization of steep needles from 3D ultrasound data volumes

During ultrasound-guided needle interventions, low signal-to-noise ratio and poor needle visibility limit the performance of automated detection systems. This becomes even more challenging when the needle is inserted at higher angles with respect to the ultrasound probe. For very large insertion angles, the needle becomes virtually invisible in the ultrasound data and medical specialists need to find the needle indirectly either from out-of-plane or in-plane views. In this paper, we propose a novel method to automatically detect steep needles in 3D ultrasound data and visualize its 2D in-plane view to the medical specialist. Our method exploits indirect information regarding the presence of a needle in the volume by examining the shadow traces of structures. The proposed algorithm successfully detects the needle plane with high accuracy for all the ten measured datasets. Furthermore, the full-length needle and its tip are always visible in the extracted scan planes. The proposed method is efficient and robust to noise and artifacts, thereby strongly supporting the clinical intervention and eliminating the need for external tracking devices.
BioGraph: Knowledge Discovery and Exploration in the Biomedical Domain

We present a data integration and data mining platform, called BioGraph, for knowledge discovery in the biomedical domain. BioGraph allows for the automated formulation of comprehensible functional hypotheses relating a concepts to targets. A typical setting in which BioGraph can assist, is gene prioritization. That is, given the researcher's interest in a certain disease, predict those genes that are most likely of being involved in this disease. Our system is based on cutting-edge graph and network mining techniques, adapted to specific demands and properties of data and researchers in the Biomedical domain. The basis is constructed by the integration of heterogeneous biomedical knowledge bases. On this unified network BioGraph provides literature supported indirect functional relations. By assessing the plausibility and specificity of these hypothetical functional paths, the unsupervised methodology is capable of appraising and ranking of research targets, without requiring prior domain knowledge from the user. BioGraph is implemented as a web service and is available at: www.biograph.be.
Hierarchical 2.5-D Scene Alignment for Change Detection With Large Viewpoint Differences

Change detection from mobile platforms is a relevant topic in the field of intelligent vehicles and has many applications, such as countering improvised explosive devices (C-IED). Existing real-time C-IED systems are not robust against large viewpoint differences, which are unavoidable under realistic operating conditions in outdoor environments. To address this, we proposes a new hierarchical 2.5-D scene-alignment algorithm. First, the 3-D ground surface of the historic scene is reconstructed by polygons, onto which historic image-based texture is projected. By estimating the 3-D transformation between historic and live camera views, the historic scene can be rendered as if seen from the live camera viewpoint. To compensate for 3-D alignment and reconstruction imperfections, local pixel-accurate registration refinement is performed in 2-D. The proposed real-time 2.5-D method thereby combines the accuracy of a 2-D local image registration with the robustness of 3-D scene alignment. It was found that the resulting change detection system detects small changes of only 18×18×9 at distances of 60 meters under large trajectory deviations of up to 2.5 meters.
Lane Determination With GPS Precise Point Positioning

Modern intelligent transport solutions can achieve an improvement of traffic flow on motorways. With lane-specific measurements and lane-specific control, more measures are possible. Single frequency precise point positioning (PPP) is a newly developed and affordable technique to achieve an improved position accuracy compared with global positioning system (GPS) standalone positioning. GPS-PPP allows for sub-meter accurate positioning, in real time, of vehicles on a motorway. This paper tests this technique in real life; moreover, it presents a methodology to map the lanes on a motorway using data collected by this technique. The methodology exploits the high accuracy and the fact that the most driving is within a lane. In a field test, a GPS-PPP equipped vehicle drives a specific motorway stretch 100 times, for which the GPS-PPP trajectory data are collected. Using these data, the positions and the widths of different lanes are successfully estimated. Comparison with the ground truth shows a dm accuracy. With the parametrized lanes, vehicles can be tracked down to a lane with the GPS-PPP device.
Fast Training of Object Detection Using Stochastic Gradient Descent

Training datasets for object detection problems are typically very large and Support Vector Machine (SVM) implementations are computationally complex. As opposed to these complex techniques, we use Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms that use only a single new training sample in each iteration and process samples in a stream-like fashion. We have incorporated SGD optimization in an object detection framework. The object detection problem is typically highly asymmetric, because of the limited variation in object appearance, compared to the background. Incorporating SGD speeds up the optimization process significantly, requiring only a single iteration over the training set to obtain results comparable to state-of-the-art SVM techniques. SGD optimization is linearly scalable in time and the obtained speedup in computation time is two to three orders of magnitude. We show that by considering only part of the total training set, SGD converges quickly to the overall optimum.
Real-time embedded face recognition for smart home

We propose a near real-time face recognition system for embedding in consumer applications. The system is embedded in a networked home environment and enables personalized services by automatic identification of users. The aim of our research is to design and build a face recognition system that is robust for natural consumer environments and can be executed on low-cost hardware. For enabling distribution of computations, we propose a processing pipeline for face recognition, which consists of (I) face detection by stepwise pruning; (2) coarse-to-fine facial feature extraction for face normalization; and (3) face identification by cascaded discriminant analysis. The system has been applied in varying environments, such as an experimental home network, and achieves over 95% recognition rate and 3-4 frames/s processing speed.
A Circular Polarization Selective Surface for Space Applications

In this paper, an LHCPSS based on the Pierrot cell has been theoretically studied and demonstrated experimentally. Design guidelines are given and an accurate fabrication process has been developed. Measurements of a fabricated prototype exhibit performance compliant with the requirements for space applications over a limited bandwidth. Axial ratio and insertion loss smaller than 1 and 0.5 dB, respectively, over a 7% bandwidth have been achieved at 9.8 GHz. Wider bandwidths with low axial ratio are possible by relaxing the requirements in terms of insertion loss.
A Compact Integrated 40Gb/s Packet Demultiplexer and Label Extractor on Silicon-on-Insulator for an Optical Packet Switch

We demonstrate a compact 40Gb/s 32-channel packet demultiplexer and in-band label extractor based on photonic integrated AWG followed by a narrow-band microring resonator at each AWG output. Error free operation with 0.5dB penalty was measured.
Fuzzy Entropy of Classification and its Application to Biomarker Discovery

Fuzzy entropy of classification is presented along with a criterion of maximizing the first derivative of the entropy with respect to temperature to optimize the degree of fuzziness. Fuzzy entropy of classification is used to construct classification trees comprised of multivariate fuzzy rules. These systems are of great use to scientists because of their discernable mechanism of inference. By using bootstrap Latin partitions statistically significant features can be ascertained from complex data sets. The principles are demonstrated with two simple simulated data sets.
Terahertz Technology for Space and EARTH Applications

Research has been carried out in the THz region for several decades. Until fairly recently, the main drive came from applications such as radio astronomy, later followed by planetary, cometary and atmospheric science. Arguably, without these driving influences it is unlikely that many of the recent technological breakthroughs would have occurred. This paper presents an overview of space and terrestrial related applications and technologies. The more traditional and some most likely future applications will be treated.
Terahertz technology for space and earth applications

Research has been carried out in the THz region for several decades. Until fairly recently, the main drive came from applications such as radio astronomy, later followed by planetary, cometary and atmospheric science. Arguably, without these driving influences it is unlikely that many of the recent technological breakthroughs would have occurred. This paper presents an overview of space and terrestrial related applications and technologies. The more traditional and some most likely future applications will be treated.
QSAR Study on the Toxicity of Phenols for Fathead Minnows by Using Support Vector Machine and Neural Networks

Support victor machine (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) including back-propagation network (BPNN) and radial basis function network (RBFNN) were used to investigate toxic effect of phenols on fathead minnows. Molecular connectivity index was used as structural descriptor. The applicability of established BPNNs, RBFNNs and SVM models based on optimized parameters was compared using leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation method. Results showed that all the models investigated were applicable for the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies and the SVM model is slightly better than others. The correlation coefficients between measured toxicities and predicted values of SVM, BPNN and RBFNN models are 0.959, 0.94, and 0.945, respectively.
A Novel Spline-Profile Diagonal Horn Suitable for Integration Into THz Split-Block Components

This paper presents a novel diagonal horn design with improved performance over a standard diagonal horn. This is achieved by applying a spline curve to the vertical cutting axis of the “V” cutting tool, while retaining the ease of direct machining into a split block. The smooth curve does not present step changes, enabling a large radius cutter to be used. The cross polarization is reduced from −10 to <−20 dB and copolar sidelobes are also reduced. Power coupling to a single linear polarization fundamental Gaussian mode is improved from 84% to approximately 97%, similar to smooth-walled spline horns and only slightly worse than a conventional corrugated horn.
System-level analysis for MPEG-4 decoding on a multi-processor architecture

The convergence of TV and new features such as Internet and games, requires a generic media-processing platform, that enables simultaneous execution of very diverse tasks, ranging from stream-oriented processing to highly data-dependent irregular processing with complex control. This paper presents the mapping of a Main-Visual profile MPEG-4 decoder for High-Definition (HD) video onto a flexible architecture platform. The hardware-software (HWSW) design is derived by analyzing a partitioning of distinct tasks within the application. The proposed implementation contains a hierarchy of processors, which are matched to the characteristics of the processing tasks. Additionally, we introduce a hierarchy in communication and memory for memory-bandwidth efficiency and flexibility for HW reuse. The architecture provides various trade-off possibilities (flexibility, extensibility, HW-SW) while achieving the high performance density (i.e. the performance per unit area per unit power) that is required for consumer systems.