nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research and application of high frequency characteristic of transformers in power line carrier communication

Transformers are important electrical equipments in distribution network. Therefore, establishing the high-frequency model of them accurately is quite benefit for modeling and attenuation analysis of medium voltage power line carrier channel. The model of transformers under power frequency is well known, while their high-frequency model is quite different. This paper introduces two common high-frequency transformer modeling methods and analyzes the simplified model for power line communication (PLC) application. After a series of measurements of a typical transformer in the medium voltage distribution network in Linfen, Shanxi, its model parameters are set up. This model can accurately reflect the high frequency signal characteristic through the transformer, which is very significant for the research on distribution network high-frequency communication channel.
Research on multi-scene investment sensitivity of zone energy system under opened incremental distribution market

Under the environment of electricity market reform, the zone power grid is one of the main objects of orderly open distribution network business. Providing integrated energy supply services for power users based on the urban energy system will greatly improve the market competitiveness of the power grid company. In this paper, business model of zone power grid is studied, which is applicable to different market stages and various distribution networks. The investment sensitivity analysis is carried out for multi-scene planning of incremental distribution business. The investment strategy of the zone energy system is proposed based on power internet theory.
Spin-Dependent Polaritonic Flip-Flop Operation in Semiconductor Microcavity

An optical flip-flop operation (FFO) method using bistable characteristic of microcavity polaritons is studied theoretically. Through introduction and combination of triggering optical pulses with different polarizations, both intensity and polarization FFOs of polaritons are realized separately or simultaneously taking advantages of the spin-dependent characteristic of polaritons. In addition, influence of amplitude or width of the optical pulses is also discussed so as to optimize switching time of FFO.
Directly adaptive control for a class of nonlinear system

Directly adaptive controller for a class of nonlinear system is designed. This nonlinear system is substituted by a time-varying linear system, firstly. Then, the general structure of adaptive controller for the nonlinear system is designed. Cubic spline functions are used to identify the coefficients of time-varying controller. The stability of a closed-loop system is proved and the effectiveness of the presented method is demonstrated by the simulation results.
Equivalent disturbing current limit for HVDC project in new period

On the basis of summarizing bygone research results, standard and design specification related to the influence of HVDC lines on communication networks, systematically investigate the current technical level of immunity capability of communication networks and lines in China and present situation of related standards being executed and by means of theoretical calculation, probability analysis and simulation tests, the interference restriction level that the communication networks can withstand is proposed and the limit of DC equivalent disturbing current (EDC) suitable to immunity level of current communication networks is given.
A dynamic consensus algorithm based low-voltage ride-through operation of power converters in grid-interactive microgrids

The possibility of increasing penetration level of grid-interactive microgrids (MGs) has gained a great interest over the past decade. Thus, it is critical to investigate the performance of the MGs under voltage sags, since it may induce instability to the power grid. Negative sequence droop control based voltage support strategy has been proposed to aid MGs riding through three phase asymmetrical voltage sags. However, since the line impedance from each converter to the point of common coupling (PCC) is not identical, both positive sequence and negative sequence output current of the converters cannot be equally shared if no extra current balancing loop is added. Accordingly, a dynamic consensus algorithm (DCA) based negative/positive sequence current sharing scheme is proposed in this paper. Finally, a lab-scale AC microgrid was designed and tested in the lab to validate the feasibility of the proposed control method.
Differential Wideband Bandpass Filter With High-Selectivity and Common-Mode Suppression

A circuit for differential wideband bandpass filter (BPF) is presented. The circuit works as a bandpass and bandstop filter under differential- and common-mode excitation, respectively. Under differential-mode, two transmission zeros are generated by the short-ended parallel-coupled stubs and supply a very sharp differential passband. The circuit parameters are analyzed and given to show the circuit characteristics. Finally, the circuit is implemented using microstrip technology and a differential wideband BPF is designed, simulated and measured. Simulated and measured results are well agreed.
A nanopower single-trim voltage reference in a 0.13/im digital CMOS process

A nanopower single-trim CMOS voltage reference in SMIC 0.13/xm digital process is proposed. It utilizes a subthresh-old nMOSFET biased by a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current to generate a negative temperature coefficient (TC) voltage, which is used to obtain a mutual compensating reference voltage together with a PTAT voltage. Simulated results indicate the proposed reference has a temperature coefficient of 4.82ppm/°C over the operating range from −20 to 80°C and a line regulation of 3.4mV/V over the supply range from 1.2 to 3V. The simulated power consumption is 648nW.
A New Universal-Environment Adaptive Multi-processor Scheduler for Autonomous Cyber-Physical System

Robot, spaceship and other applications that can be called autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are all smart embedded systems, which usually run in open environment by themselves with inhered intelligent capabilities. Besides the application intelligence, the researches of adaptive platform for such systems have also become topics recently. Based on the analysis of current work, a new environment adaptive scheduler (α-S) for multiprocessor platform of a cyber-physical system is proposed in this article. And then, its related structures, models, and reasoning methods are studied deeply. Different from the existing ones, α-S can schedule all tasks according to the environment change by two layered functions. The upper one uses not only the properties of a task but also the state of environment and system resources as input variables, which is defined as Universal Environment (UE), and then calculates the Quality of Scheduling of all tasks with a customized fuzzy logic. The lower one allocates these tasks onto processors automatically under the dynamic performance evaluation of computing resources, such as load and success rate of each processor. Further, some allocation policies are studied and defined to make α-S be more flexible to adapt different requirements. Finally, studied methods are simulated and then experimented on an obstacle-avoiding robot system.
A ramping method combined with the damped PTA algorithm to find the DC operating points for nonlinear circuits

The pseudo transient-analysis method is regarded as one of the most effective method to find DC operating points for nonlinear circuits. In this paper, we combine the ramping method and the damped pseudo-transient analysis algorithm together in order to improve the simulation efficiency. By combing the two algorithms together, the oscillation problem and time-consuming problems can be greatly eliminated. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithms.
Improved wideband low distortion cascaded delta-sigma modulator

It has recently become very popular to feedforward the input signal in wideband delta-sigma modulators, so that the integrators only process quantization errors. The advantage being that the actual signal is not distorted by opamp and integrator nonlinearities. In this paper, we focus on improved feedforward techniques for cascaded delta-sigma modulators. A feedforward cascaded structure is presented based on unity-gain signal transfer function (STF) and optimized noise transfer function (NTF) zero placement, using /spl lambda/-analysis. The proposed structure has improved signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) across the entire input range.
A high-precision ultra-low-power hysteretic voltage detector for energy harvesting system

A high-precision ultra-low-power, hysteretic voltage detector (HVD) featuring temperature and process insensitivity is presented in this paper. In order to improve its thermal stability, a temperature-independent current is generated by a special voltage-controlled current source. The current is compared with a reference current to determine the start-up voltage of hysteresis window. And a Schmitt inverter is served to provide the hysteresis window. Besides, a current pre-amplifier is developed to enhance the HVD's response to small changes of the detected voltage. The HVD is designed and fabricated in SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS process. The simulation results show that its hysteresis window is about 0.02V. And the sensitivity to temperature and process corners are about 347ppm/°C and -1.5%~2.3% respectively. In addition, the HVD can response precisely to as low as 1mV variation around the switching voltage. The total power consumption of this HVD is only 840nW at 1.8V supply voltage.
Effects of EMP on bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Proliferation, ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation were examined in MC3T3-E1 cells after EMP exposure (field intensities: 0 kV/m, 50 kV/m, 400 kV/m, 400 pulses once a day for 7 days). After 50 kV/m EMP exposure, all the parameters of MC3T3-E1 cells were not changed significantly. However, the proliferation, ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation of MC3T3-E1 cells in 400 kV/m EMP exposure groups were decreased. In conclusion, the EMP we used was a possibly harmful factor for bone formation. It may suppress bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells with higher electric field intensity.
Continuous-Time Quadrature Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators with Different Feedback DAC

Continuous time (CT) quadrature bandpass sigma delta modulators (QBSDM) are widely used in wireless receivers recently due to its inherent anti-aliasing filtering and complex filtering embedded in the loops to efficiently realize asymmetric noise-shaping. The complex noise-transfer-function (NTF) can be realized with complex coefficients or by implementing the loop as a cascade of complex integrators with only real coefficients, which is desirable due to its lower sensitivity to loop mismatch. In this paper, we will study the effect of different feedback waveforms inside the modulator on the NTF of quadrature sigma delta modulators. Complex NTF design is discussed for different bandpass center frequencies relative to the sampling frequency.
Coordinated control of interarea oscillation in the China Southern power grid

The China Southern Power Grid (CSG) interconnects four provincial power grids: Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou. It is the only ac/dc hybrid grid in China with dual ac/dc transmission corridors in parallel. The practical high-voltage direct current (HVDC) control scheme of the CSG and its modeling is first presented. Both the stability and small-signal analysis environments of 2005 CSG are established using a commercial software package. Interarea oscillatory modes among the four provincial power grids are then investigated. On the basis of modal analysis, a hierarchical optimization scheme is implemented for the parameter setting of selected power system stabilizers (PSS) and HVDC damping controllers. Digital simulations show that proper coordination of the PSS and HVDC modulation controllers can effectively suppress the interarea oscillation in large-scale ac/dc hybrid power systems under a wide range of operating conditions.
Global Manufacturing Network and Knowledge Transfer

Global manufacturing network (GMN) is a new manufacturing system that has super manufacturing and servicing abilities. It is challenging traditional manufacturing conceptions. This paper describes and analyzes the driving forces of emergence of the concept of GMN, its evolution, members, and its theoretical bases. This paper also explores the knowledge transfer in the GMN, which consists of the mechanism and process of knowledge transfer in the GMN. Finally, the factors which contribute the knowledge transfer in the GMN are discussed.
Power cable fault feature extraction based on wavelet and segmentation

To extract the features of the online power cable fault information for the fault recognition, a new method which combines the wavelet transform and segmentation is presented in this paper. In the method, the power cable fault information would be broken into segments, and then those segments are processed by wavelet packet decomposition. After that, the weighted sum of decomposed wavelet coefficients is calculated by using the logarithm values of the summations to build the new fault features. Finally, power cable fault model is built and Fisher criterion is used to measure the performance of the new features compared with the original features. Simulation experiments show that the new features have the better performance which is evident from the Fisher values. The within-class distances of the single-phase faults have the smaller Fisher values which are in favor of the latter classifier design and the fault recognition accuracy.
Research on receptivity evaluation of distribution network based on optimal access of clean energy

In recent years, with the quick developments of large-scale and decentralized clean energy power station, distribution network faces greater pressure of acceptance and absorption of clean energy power grid. This paper analyzed major constraints of distribution network on clean energy accepting, and obtained the relationship between clean energy output and abandoned electricity. An optimal access method based on the target of interconnected capacity maximization of clean energy power station, satisfying interval number, line capacity, substation capacity and investment constraints, was innovatively proposed in this paper, which can direct clean energy power station access effectively. Based on the optimal access method, this paper researched overall evaluation and key evaluation of distribution network acceptance ability, weak links were analyzed furtherly. Finally, realizing of accurate investment and access ability promotion were illustrated with case.
Automatic Extraction of Control Points for Chest X-Ray Image and Elastic Registration

This paper presents a novel approach for control points detection and region of interest (ROI) extraction for chest X-ray images. We develop a search strategy to achieve the control points and ROI using speciality of intensity distribution of chest X-ray images, including mean, variance and difference. Therefore, a bounding box of lung fields is acquired and can be considered as ROI for image analysis and diagnosis. Based on the corresponding anatomical point landmarks, we also consider a thin-plate spline deformation as a method to solve non-rigid registration for chest X-ray images. Finally, we demonstrate it's efficiency for real-time ROI extraction and accurate registration.
Image Fusion With Contextual Statistical Similarity and Nonsubsampled Shearlet Transform

Image fusion has the capability to integrate useful information from source images into a more comprehensive image. How to obtain the effective representation of source images is a key step to image fusion. Due to the loss of the dependence of coefficients, most of traditional multi-scale decomposition-based image fusion methods suffer from an inaccurate image representation. To solve this problem, a novel image fusion method with contextual statistical similarity in nonsubsampled shearlet transform (NSST) is presented. The key contributions include: 1) the dependence of NSST coefficients is captured by the contextual hidden Markov model (CHMM); 2) the contextual statistical similarity of coefficients is proposed; 3) an effective fusion rule based on the characteristic of CHMM is developed for high-frequency subbands in NSST domain. By the visual analysis and quantitative evaluations on experimental results, the superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated.
Switch-mode multi-power-supply Li-ion battery charger with power-path management

A switch-mode Li-ion battery charger is proposed. It is suitable for input power supply of wall adaptor or USB port in modern portable apparatus. When it works under USB port supply, its input current is automatically limited at a presetting value. A power-path management is introduced in to realize charging and power supply simultaneously based on load priority. It also realizes smooth transition from constant current charging to constant voltage charging in switch mode controller. The proposed charger is designed and simulated in TSMC 0.35µm CMOS process and all the simulation results are consistent with expectations well.
Notice of RetractionThree-dimensional ocean wave movement simulation algorithm based on fractal

In recent years, the movement simulation of the ocean wave is one of the important researches in the nature simulation area. And the simulation method based on the fractal principles is relatively common. The paper introduces the different methods to realize the current ocean wave simulation, describes in detail the random mid-point displacement algorithm according to the fractal Brownian motion (FBM) in fractal theory, proposes a multi-dynamic non-uniform interpolation method, makes an effective solution to the wave jump phenomenon, and uses of the above-mentioned methods to achieve a ocean wave of three-dimensional dynamic simulation under the VC + +6.0 and OpenGL environment. It has the features of being better-realistic and real-time.
Analysis on turn-to-turn insulation of the secondary winding in Tesla transformer

A criterion to describe the turn-to-turn discharge of the secondary winding in Tesla transformers is presented. Factors which have influences on the turn-to-turn insulation of the winding such as the wire diameter, the wire distance, the void size, the purity of transformer oil and the insulation strength of the wire are researched based on this criterion. By theoretical calculation, the electric field enhancement factor (FEF) dependent on the wire diameter and the wire distance is presented. It is found that an optimum ratio of the wire diameter to the wire distance exists which corresponds to the minimum FEF. Via the Paschen's Curve, the electric breakdown strength (Eb) for voids with different sizes is deduced, and it is found that the existence of voids makes the discharge occur more easily due to void's lower Eb but if the size of a void is smaller than a certain value, it cannot affect the winding's turn-to-turn insulation. Through experiments, Eb of the traditional enamel wire and that of the three-layered insulation (TLI) wire are compared. The results show that Eb of the three-layered wire is basically two times of that of an enamel wire. Based on the results, suggestions to improve the insulation of the secondary winding in Tesla transformers are summarized.
Acquiring late mover advantage through secondary innovation

Late mover advantage plays an important part in the development of technological latecomers. This paper introduces a research exploring the evolution process of secondary innovation and elaborates the way to achieve late mover advantage from imitation to innovation. It identifies three essentials of enhancing competitive advantage and examines the relationship between advantage of backwardness and secondary innovation. A case study of a Chinese manufacturer is carried out to expand the process and mechanism. It provides some perspectives for technology catch-up of developing countries.
Multi-branch Fractional Multi-bit Differential Detection for GMSK Signals

The multi-branch fractional multi-bit differential detection for improving the performance of Gaussian minimum shift keying(GMSK) is studied. The essential of the technique is explained from its physical point of view, and the upper bound of the fractional bit duration for the maximum performance improvement is given. The computer simulation and analysis results show that the multi-branch fractional multi-bit differential detection technique increases the distance between phase states compared with one-bit differential detection; when the fractional bit duration is the maximal duration in which the symbol decision is not influenced, the maximum performance gain can be obtained.
Enhancing Performances of Blue Organic Light-Emitting Devices Incorporating CuPc as Electron Buffer Layers

The performances of blue organic light-emitting device based on N-BDAVBi are enhanced by inserting a CuPc electron buffer layer, which improves the injection of electrons. By adjusting the thicknesses of the CuPc electron buffer layer and the MoO3 hole buffer layer, the maximum luminescence, the current efficiency, and the power efficiency of above devices have been approximately enhanced by 113%, 55%, and 88%, respectively, and the reduction in turn-on voltage reaches 38%, comparing with that of the device without the buffer layers.
Error Analysis of Explosion-Height Controlling Method Based on Geomagnetism Information

A new explosion-height controlling scheme of the ballistic missile based on geomagnetism information was put forward aiming at the deficiency of the traditional explosion- height controlling method. The simplified geomagnetism model was presented in this study for the error analysis and precision calculating. Although the scheme was not feasible yet, it could provide the beneficial reference for the explosion-height controlling system design of the ballistic missile. The explosive performance and explosion-height are main factors to influence the damage effect of the ballistic missile in reentry phase. For different targets, the optimal explosion- height must be presented with the best damage effect. The traditional methods of explosion-height controlling are based on the measuring using instantaneous fuze altimeter and radio altimeter respectively. However, the measurement precision of the instantaneous fuze is limited because of the differences between the actual and standard trajectory models. Moreover, the radio altimeter is easy to be disturbed by countermeasure material commonly. A new explosion-height controlling scheme of the ballistic missile based on the measuring using three tri-axial magnetometers is put forward. The feasibility and precision of the scheme are calculated and analyzed especially in this study.
Historicizing Internet Use in China and the Problem of the User Figure

To those writing user-centric histories, China provides an opportunity to look at the profound implications of the underlying conceptions of the user figure and thus highlights the importance of the historian's critical awareness. Although rigorous scholarly histories on the subject are still in their infancy, historical narratives about the Chinese Internet prevail in popular media, institutional reports, and scholarly works. However, these narratives are generally organized around two visions of the Chinese Internet and its users. In this article, the author digs deeper into these preestablished conceptions and illustrates how they do not account for historical understandings of Internet use and sociocultural changes.