nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, fabrication, and calibration of stress sensors embedded in a TSV interposer in a 300mm wafer

In this study, the design, fabrication, and calibration of the piezoresistive stress sensors [1-18] embedded in a TSV (through silicon via) interposer in a 300mm wafer are investigated. The results presented herein should be useful for the development of 3D integration such as measuring the strength of the TSV device and interposer wafers, during and after all the processes such as wafer thinning, SiO2 deposition, metallization, and electroplating.
Improving Neighbor Selection Mechanism of P2P Streaming

Peer-to-Peer video streaming service is more and more important in today’s Internet. As large-scale Internet applications, it can obviously benefit from link state prediction for neighbor selection without having to contact other node first. So in this paper, we present a novel digest based link state prediction mechanism and design corresponding neighbor selection system for P2P streaming basing on our prediction mechanism. We also testify the system performance by simulation experiment and present the result at the end of this paper. Peer-to-Peer streaming; Link state Prediction; Similarity Search
A wideband and high linearity Programmable Gain Amplifier for 60GHz receiver in 65nm CMOS

A wideband and high linearity IF programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is presented for 60GHz wireless receivers. The core of the circuit is a differential amplifier based on the “flipped voltage follower” (FVF) cell. The FVF cell introduces an additional zero and extends the bandwidth without extra power consumption. The presented PGA has been implemented in 65nm CMOS, and the simulation results show that the proposed PGA exhibits a 3dB bandwidth more than 6GHz, a gain range from 10dB to 30dB, 13dB noise figure at 2.4GHz and −10dBm input 1-dB compression point at the lowest gain level. The core circuit consumes 11.78mW power from a 1.2V supply voltage, with a core die area of 0.045mm2.
Design of TTC antenna for mini-satellite application

The required performance of TTC (Tracking, Telemetry and Command) antennas for mini-satellite applications are briefly discussed and a new type of three-layered patch antenna is designed to meet the requirements. The antenna is constituted of two stacked annular ring radiators, the lower one of which is printed on a substrate with εr = 4.5 and directly fed by a coaxial probe, and the upper one is printed on a substrate with εr = 2. Rectangular slots are inserted into both patches to excite two orthogonal resonant modes to generate circular polarization. Between these two layers, there is an air layer of 10 mm height. The proposed antenna is simulated with CST. The impedance bandwidth is about 29.9%, the 3 dB axial ratio band width is 11%. Such performances ensure the proposed antenna for mini-satellite TTC application. The number and the position of such antennas mounted on a mini-satellite are optimized. Fairly good omni-directional coverage is achieved when 4 antennas are onboard the mini-satellite model.
A Watermarking-Based Host Correlation Detection Scheme

A watermarking-based host correlation detection method is proposedin this paper. The idea is to embed some unique watermark into theflow by slightly adjusting the timing of selected packets in theflow. In the embedding phase, we use network flow groupingstrategy to divide the IPDs (i.e., inter-packet delay) into twodifferent groups randomly, and then realize the watermarkembedding by utilizing the relationship of the average value ofIPDs in different groups. The detection scheme we proposed notonly has the advantage of the timing-based scheme, but also has ahigher robustness against timing perturbation attack.
An optimal method for bottleneck station short-term Scheduling in wafer fabrication line with nonzero initial state

This paper presents initial results of a research in the short-term optimal scheduling on the photolithography station in wafer fabrication, which usually acts as a bottleneck station with multiple machines. It is desirable to minimize tardiness without loss the bottleneck utilization while today's wafer fabs are striving to maximize on delivery to their customers. Computational efficiency is one of the major challenges of applying short-term optimal scheduling of a wafer fab. This research adopts a scheduling policy that optimal scheduling for the heavily loaded bottleneck with an ant colony optimization (ACO) technique and heuristic rules for other lightly-workload stations, taking account of information of both online WIP and new release lots in scheduling horizon, which yields superior results with modest computational effort and enable the practical use of the optimal method.
Research on Light Polarization FSO-OFDM System

We analyzed the polarization characteristic and the influence of lithometeors on polarized light. We have proved out that it is doable to utilize the polarized light in FSO (Free Space Optical Communication) system. The scheme of optical polarization FSO-OFDM is advanced aimed at the format of the OFDM signals, and the principles of the transceivers are expatiated. At last, this scheme is confirmed by Monte Carlo approach, which shows that performance of the light polarization FSO-OFDM system is very stable.
Switching observation models for contour tracking in clutter

We propose a generative model approach to contour tracking against nonstationary clutter and to coping with occlusions by explicit modelling and inferring. The proposed dynamic Bayesian networks consist of multiple hidden processes, which model the target, the clutter and the occlusions. The image observation models, which depict the generation of the image features, are conditioned on all the hidden processes. Based on this framework, the tracker can automatically switch among different observation models according to the hidden states of the clutter and occlusions. In addition, the inference of these hidden states provides self-evaluations for the tracker. The tracking and inference are implemented based on sequence Monte Carlo techniques. The effectiveness of the proposed approach to robust tracking and inferring nonstationary clutter and occlusion is demonstrated for a variety of image sequences.
A New Hybrid PDE Denoising Model Based on Markov Random Field

Partial differential equation (PDE) and Markov random field are two kinds of texture preserving regularized image denoising models. In this paper, the equivalence of them is proved: PDE can be derived to have the form of Markov model. Total variation (TV) is a kind of PDE, the adjacent domain of it is first order. Based on Markov theory, the adjacent domain of TV is enlarged to second order and it can contain more image information; image processed by the new TV-Markov model has little staircasing. In the new model, different coefficient function has different edge preserving property, so the new model is hybrid Using hybrid functions, the new TV-Markov model has better denoising effect, and it can preserve edge well
Contextual saliency

Matching local salient points is limited in some computer vision problems (e.g., wide baseline point matching and its applications), since local features vary dramatically under large view changes. In this paper, we propose a new definition on salient points which includes context information around the given point. The proposed contextual salient points are extracted based on the geometry structure of the manifold embedded in the image feature space. Experimental results show the benefit of contextual salient points over local salient points.
Study on the adsorption characteristics of humus acid and its components on anthracene

In this paper, the static adsorption experiment study investigated the adsorption characteristic of three substances(humus acid, Humic acid, Fulvic acid ) on pollutant anthracene. By analyzing the adsorption isotherm parameter, combined with the characteristics and capacity of humus acid and its components on adsorption of pollutants, comparison of three substances on adsorption properties of anthracene, Hmuic acid have the largest removal rate and strongest adsorption ability, so we can speculate about the soil, river of Humic acid in natural media, play a major role of pollutant adsorption is Humic acid component.
RF Performance Improvement of Metamorphic High-Electron Mobility Transistor Using $(\hbox{In}_{x}\hbox{Ga}_{1 - x}\hbox{As})_{m}/(\hbox{InAs})_{n}$ Superlattice-Channel Structure for Millimeter-Wave Applications

High-performance metamorphic high-electron mobility transistors (MHEMTs) using an (In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As)<sub>m</sub>/(InAs)<sub>n</sub> superlattice structure as a channel layer have been fabricated successfully. These HEMTs with 80-nm gate length exhibited a high drain current density of 392 mA/mm and a transconductance of 991 mS/mm at 1.2-V drain bias. Compared with a regular In_xGa_1 - xAs channel, the superlattice-channel HEMTs showed an outstanding performance due to the high electron mobility and better carrier confinement in the (In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As)<sub>m</sub>/(InAs)<sub>n</sub> channel layer. When biased at 1.2 V, the current gain cutoff frequency (f<sub>T</sub>) and the maximum oscillation frequency (f<sub>max</sub>) were extracted to be 304 and 162 GHz, respectively. As for noise performance, the device demonstrated a 0.75-dB minimum noise figure (NF<sub>min</sub>) with an associated gain of 9.6 dB at 16 GHz. Such superior performance has made the devices with a superlattice channel well suitable for millimeter-wave applications.
Combining Adaptive PDE and Wavelet Shrinkage in Image Denoising with Edge Enhancing Property

Partial differential equation (PDE) and wavelet shrinkage are two kinds of feature preserving regularized image recovery methods. In this paper, the equivalence of the two methods is discussed according to function space theory, and a new hybrid model combining adaptive PDE and wavelet shrinkage is proposed. In the new hybrid model, we use adaptive PDE with edge enhancing property. The regular coefficient of adaptive model is locally adjusted according to directional derivatives of image. Compared with traditional smoothing models, the new hybrid model has no Gibbs phenomena, smoothes image without staircasing, and enhances edge to preserve feature and texture of image. Both theoretical analysis and experiments have verified the validity of the new model proposed in this paper
A 90nm CMOS digital PLL based on Vernier-Gated-Ring-Oscillator Time-to-Digital Converter

This paper presents the design of a digital PLL which uses a high resolution Gated-Ring-Oscillator-Based Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for low noise RF application. The TDC uses two gated ring oscillators (GRO) acting as the delay lines in an improved Vernier TDC. The already small quantization noise of the standard Vernier TDC is further first-order shaped by the GRO operation. Additionally, an automatic tuning bank controller selects the active bank of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which features three separate tuning banks. The equivalent in-band phase noise at 2.7GHz is -110dBc/Hz with a reference clock of 25MHz. The digital PLL is simulated in a 90nm CMOS process, indicating a current consumption of 21mA from a 1.2V supply.
Spatially-Constrained Similarity Measurefor Large-Scale Object Retrieval

One fundamental problem in object retrieval with the bag-of-words model is its lack of spatial information. Although various approaches are proposed to incorporate spatial constraints into the model, most of them are either too strict or too loose so that they are only effective in limited cases. In this paper, a new spatially-constrained similarity measure (SCSM) is proposed to handle object rotation, scaling, view point change and appearance deformation. The similarity measure can be efficiently calculated by a voting-based method using inverted files. During the retrieval process, object localization in the database images can also be simultaneously achieved using SCSM without post-processing. Furthermore, based on the retrieval and localization results of SCSM, we introduce a novel and robust re-ranking method with the k-nearest neighbors of the query for automatically refining the initial search results. Extensive performance evaluations on six public data sets show that SCSM significantly outperforms other spatial models including RANSAC-based spatial verification, while k-NN re-ranking outperforms most state-of-the-art approaches using query expansion. We also adapted SCSM for mobile product image search with an iterative algorithm to simultaneously extract the product instance from the mobile query image, identify the instance, and retrieve visually similar product images. Experiments on two product image search data sets show that our approach can robustly localize and extract the product in the query image, and hence drastically improve the retrieval accuracy over baseline methods.
Interactive Fuzzy Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimization with Linguistically Quantified Decision Functions for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems

Scheduling for the flexible job shop is very important in the fields of production management and combinatorial optimization. It proposes an Ant Colony Optimization with Linguistically Quantified Decision Functions (ACO-LQDF) for the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems (FJSSP) in this work. The novelty of the proposed approach is the interactive and fuzzy multi-objective nature of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) that considers the aspiration levels set by the decision maker (DM) for the objectives. The ACO's decision function is a linguistically quantified statement about acceptable distances between achieved objective values and aspiration levels. Linguistic quantifiers are represented by means of fuzzy sets. Our computational investigation indicates that this approach can tackle multi-objective FJSSP effectively.
Notice of RetractionThe technical effects of technical measures on trade

With the rapid development of global trade, TBTs have already become the most important barriers to trade suffered by China. Stringent technical requirements drain the exporters' enthusiasm, and impede the technical innovation and market competition. We focus on the TBTs effects at the technical level, building theoretical models to analyze the short-run effects of new issued technical requirements in the prefect competitive market. This paper is intended to provide a new perspective for government authorities and export enterprises to deal with TBTs.
Composite tactile sensor array using fiber bragg grating sensors and measuring system

A composite tactile sensor element using identical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and its 4×4 tactile sensor array were proposed. The structure and fabrication of the composite tactile sensor array were described in detail. The system of measuring the distributed contact forces and temperatures simultaneously was newly designed. Based on the identical FBGs, the measuring system resolved the cross-sensitivity problem of temperature and strain in fiber Bragg grating. The optical system and hardware circuit of measurement system were designed specifically. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is the core of the hardware circuit, which can collect and process the photoelectric signal voltage shaped into rectangular voltage pulse. The hardware circuit communicated the signal to the computer through the UART and USB. The computer dynamically displayed and calibrated contact forces and temperatures of the measured points. Experiments show that, there are sufficient performance and the possibility to practically utilize the composite tactile sensor array, and the measuring system for distributed tactile forces and temperatures has many advantages, such as high stability, high capacity, high speed of data processing, contact-force resolution of 0.01 N and contact-temperature resolution of 0.5 °C.
Project for generation of femtosecond X-ray beams from the DUKE storage ring

We propose to develop a CW X-ray femtosecond (fsec) source at 1.2 GeV Duke storage ring with the X-ray energy tuneable from 1.4 keV to 75 keV, the average flux from 10/sup 12/ to 10/sup 13/ ph/sec, and the average spectral brightness up to 0.510/sup 15/ ph/sec/mm/sup 2//mrad/sup 2//0.1%BW. A novel RF system with strong longitudinal focusing will compress and to sustain the electron bunches circulating in the ring to a RMS duration from 15 to 85 fsec. The CW fsec electron bunches will generate the Compton hard-X-ray beams and the photon beams from the existing light sources ranging form IR to VUV. Beams of all colours will be synchronised by the e-beam without jitter, making this configuration perfectly suites for pump-probe experiments. The proposed approach promises to outperform the popular "slicing technique" by at least three orders of magnitude. Duke's approach can be implemented at existing light source facilities at modest cost.
InGaAs/InP DHBTs with 120-nm collector having simultaneously high f/sub /spl tau//, f/sub max//spl ges/450 GHz

InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT) have been designed for increased bandwidth digital and analog circuits, and fabricated using a conventional mesa structure. These devices exhibit a maximum 450 GHz f/sub /spl tau// and 490 GHz f/sub max/, which is the highest simultaneous f/sub /spl tau// and f/sub max/ for any HBT. The devices have been scaled vertically for reduced electron collector transit time and aggressively scaled laterally to minimize the base-collector capacitance associated with thinner collectors. The dc current gain /spl beta/ is /spl ap/ 40 and V/sub BR,CEO/=3.9 V. The devices operate up to 25 mW//spl mu/m/sup 2/ dissipation (failing at J/sub e/=10 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/, V/sub ce/=2.5 V, /spl Delta/T/sub failure/=301 K) and there is no evidence of current blocking up to J/sub e//spl ges/12 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ at V/sub ce/=2.0 V from the base-collector grade. The devices reported here employ a 30-nm highly doped InGaAs base, and a 120-nm collector containing an InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice grade at the base-collector junction.
Special Issue on Video Analysis on Resource-Limited Systems

Camera sensors, embedded in surveillance cameras, webcams, cameras in mobile devices, wearable cameras, and so on, are becoming pervasive in our society. Moreover, it is believed that even more cameras will be embedded everywhere as smart sensors in the future, driven by the decreasing cost and important applications in safety and security, smart environments, gaming and entertainment, and visual communication. To automatically analyze the massively increasing visual data, computer vision and video analysis techniques have received much attention in the recent years. In many real-world video analysis applications, the available resources are limited. This could mean low-quality data (e.g., limited imaging resolution/sensor size/frame rate), such as video footage from surveillance cameras and videos captured by consumers via mobile or wearable cameras. Another dimension comes from limited amount of processing power, for example, on mobile phones. The low-quality data could be caused by the poor sensor performance, simple optics, motion blur, or environmental factors such as illumination. Due to the limitations on video storage and transmission, the captured videos are often compressed, which may also result in lowquality video data. The sensors in the nonvisible spectrum (near infrared, far infrared, and so on) generate low-resolution videos with much noise, too. On the other hand, the processing power on the mobile or wearable devices is still limited for traditional video analysis tasks. There is a huge demand for video analysis and computer vision techniques on resourcelimited systems, which could enable many practical applications, for example, face identification for law enforcement, abnormal behavior detection for security, place/sign recognition for mapping and localization, augmented reality on mobile phones, to name a few. However, video analysis on resourcelimited systems is still an under-explored field. The existing video analysis research mainly focuses on high-performance systems, where high-quality video data or powerful computing platforms are considered. There are many challenges when addressing video analysis on resource-limited systems. For example, how to effectively extract representative visual features from low-quality data? How to fuse multiple low-resolution frames for reliable recognition? How to accelerate vision algorithms for use on mobile platforms? How to mitigate degrading factors caused by the low-quality data? We have to adapt the existing techniques developed for high-performance systems or find new approaches suitable for resource-limited systems. This special issue seeks to present and highlight the recent developments in the area of video analysis on resource-limited systems.
Efficient Optimal Kernel Placement for Reliable Visual Tracking

This paper describes a novel approach to optimal kernel placement in kernel-based tracking. If kernels are placed at arbitrary places, kernel-based methods are likely to be trapped in ill-conditioned locations, which prevents the reliable recovery of the motion parameters and jeopardizes the tracking performance. The theoretical analysis presented in this paper indicates that the optimal kernel placement can be evaluated based on a closed-form criterion, and achieved efficiently by a novel gradient-based algorithm. Based on that, new methods for temporal-stable multiple kernel placement and scale-invariant kernel placement are proposed. These new theoretical results and new algorithms greatly advance the study of kernel-based tracking in both theory and practice. Extensive real-time experimental results demonstrate the improved tracking reliability.
A universal pattern generator for biped walking on 3D slopes

Uneven terrain walking is one of the important premises for biped robots to serve people. However, it is one of the key challenges for biped robots walking on a slope. In this paper, a universal method to generate patterns for biped robot walking on a three-dimensional (3D) slope is proposed. Different from most researches, which only focused on the specific walking directions on a slope as across or along a slope, the proposed method is applied to biped robots for all directions walking on a slope. First, unification of parameters for biped walking on a 3D slope is designed. Second, walking patterns based on dual linear inverted pendulum method (DLLIPM) on a 3D slope are generated. Finally, the effectiveness of the universal pattern generator is verified through simulations.
Modeling schizophrenic behavior and testing drug efficacy using general mixture components

A critical idea in the statistical analysis of randomized experiments is that the validity of the significance level for any test-statistic is assured by finding the randomization distribution of that statistic under the null hypothesis. Since validity under the null hypothesis is certain for any statistic, the most powerful statistic should be used to test for the equivalence of treatments, that is, the statistic that is most likely to detect true differences in the treatment conditions. We illustrate the critical points about validity and power using data from a randomized experiment comparing drugs for schizophrenic patients, where computing the scientific statistic requires extensive use of Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to fit a model that reflects current understanding of components of schizophrenic behavior.