nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Can bidder’s buying patterns affect the price in online auctions for heterogeneous goods?

Until recently, there have little reason for any one to pay much attention to what factors will affect the final transaction price in online auctions. While almost all of the existing papers on the determinants of price are based on homogeneous goods, this paper investigates the determinants of the price for heterogeneous goods contained in some categories which are sold at the eBay website from the viewpoint of sellerpsilas buying patterns. The empirical results suggest that some factors such as the second price, the number of bidders, and the presence of insurance had positive and significant impacts on the final price. The sellerpsilas reputation has a positive, but limited impact on a buyerpsilas willingness to pay for an auction item. In contrast, the closing time features such as closing on weekend or in the evening do not have significant impacts on the auction price.
Impedance control of robot manipulator with model reference torque observer

The impedance control is an effective way to adjust both the position and the force of the manipulator of the robot so as to accommodate the request of the application in some fields such as industry and aerospace. The algorithm is implemented into two control loops. The inner loop is the position control to ensure the precision operation of the manipulator, which uses the forward and inverse kinematics solution and rely on the closed-loop control of the joint driver. The outer loop is the impedance control which achieves the implementation of the force control between the manipulator and the environment by adjusting the impedance model. This loop outputs a correction to the position loop that includes the force control information. One problem of impedance control is that the force sensors used to measure the react force of the environment increase the complexity and reduce the reliability of the system. A model reference torque observer of the joint, which using permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the actuator, is presented and applied to the impedance control loop. The simulation results show the correctness and feasibility of this algorithm.
Grey incidence analysis of energy utilization efficiency

Energy problem is universally concerned all over the world. Over the years, as China paid more attention on energy problem seriously, China's energy consumption per unit GDP has decreased continually, but there is still a big gap between China and the developed countries, especially in the last five years, energy consumption per unit GDP fell slowly. To further improve the efficiency of energy use, the paper selects a number of factors, such as industrial structure deviation co-efficiency and energy conversion and processing rate, which are relevant to energy consumption per unit GDP of China. Through three grey incidence calculations (Deng's grey incidence, absolute degree of grey incidence and modified absolute degree of grey incidence) between energy consumption per unit GDP and each factor, we identified the most relative factors, and we further turn for the methods of improving energy use efficiency in China by researching these factors. Three calculation methods supply the same conclusion, which is energy prices is not a particularly significant impact on energy efficiency improvement.
A novel method to assess the effect of diversity on Common Cause Failure mitigation

Redundancy techniques are widely used to design fault tolerant systems. Diversity has long been used to protect redundant systems from Common Cause Failure (CCF). Whilst there is clear evidence that diversity can bring benefits, these benefits can be difficult to quantify. Therefore, a novel method which researches the effect of diversity on CCF mitigation from the component degradation state point of view is proposed in this paper. Four categories of impact factors (IFs), which influence the failure behavior of the component, are defined and the corresponding method of mapping diversity into component degradation valve (CDV) has been proposed aiming at the characteristics of each IF category. Then CCF analysis is performed based on weighted impact vectors which can be calculated from CDVs. Due to related reliability data has been collected for each IF category the method has a good applying prospect. An illustrative case study is presented, which shows the application process of the novel method.
Design of a Flash Digital Watermarking Application Using MATLAB GUI

Digital watermarking technology is an effective measure for copyright protection. This paper presents the design of a Flash digital watermarking application which is implemented using the Graphic User Interface (GUI) function of the MATLAB software. The application can open and play Flash animations as carriers, it can embed watermark images into the carriers and extract watermarks from the Flash animations. It can open and play watermark-embedded Flash animations. The experiment results show that the watermark-embedded Flash animation can be played correctly and the extracted watermark can be clearly identified.
Application of Wireless Satellite Bus in micro-satellite design

Reliability and validity have always been the most important criteria in micro-satellite designing. Beside this, other important factors such as miniaturization, fault tolerance, data rate, redundancy and power consumption should also be fulfilled by satellite systems. The limitation to reliability and redundancy is the interdependent links of subsystem and wiring harness and connectors. The physical links lead to potential risk of damages, and the weight of bus systems together with the connectors and power distribution lines almost occupy 10% of the dry mass of a micro-satellite. This paper addressed one solution to improve the performance of reliability and subsequently reduce the harness significantly by adopting Wireless Satellite Bus (WSB) to remove the wired cables and build intra-satellite networks, in which every subsystem as a node in networks are independent from each other and can communicate with others without wired links. It can also reduce the cost and time, and increase the reliability and flexibility, and this may lead to revolutionary changes in the concept of micro-satellite design. This paper highlighted the advantages and challenges of Wireless Satellite Bus, and discussed the architecture of the networks. Additionally, the commercial off-the-shell (COTS) protocols available were evaluated and further requirements were presented.
Handling Ambiguity via Input-Output Kernel Learning

Data ambiguities exist in many data mining and machine learning applications such as text categorization and image retrieval. For instance, it is generally beneficial to utilize the ambiguous unlabeled documents to learn a more robust classifier for text categorization under the semi-supervised learning setting. To handle general data ambiguities, we present a unified kernel learning framework named Input-Output Kernel Learning (IOKL). Based on our framework, we further propose a novel soft margin group sparse Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) formulation by introducing a group kernel slack variable to each group of base input-output kernels. Moreover, an efficient block-wise coordinate descent algorithm with an analytical solution for the kernel combination coefficients is developed to solve the proposed formulation. We conduct comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets for both semi-supervised learning and multiple instance learning tasks, and also apply our IOKL framework to a computer vision application called text-based image retrieval on the NUS-WIDE dataset. Promising results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed IOKL framework.
Effective utilization of multiple examples in query-by-example spoken term detection

This paper investigates the example utilization problem in query-by-example spoken term detection when multiple examples are provided for each query term. To achieve this goal, we propose three evaluation metrics to assess the quality of all the examples, namely posteriorgram stability score, pronunciation reliability score and local similarity score. We also present a clustering based example generation approach to creating better examples based on the original ones. Experiments conducted on a telephone speech corpus shows that it is better to use several representative examples selected by the quality assessment process than to simply use all the examples. Furthermore, even better results can be obtained if the generated examples are used.
Application of multiple criteria decision analysis in impact assessment of carbon labelling

In this paper, it is described how multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods, in particular the Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach, is applied to help Tesco, the largest UK retailer, to prioritise product groups for its carbon labelling program. The main objectives of the program are to maximise the positive impact of the program to the environment in terms of carbon footprint reduction, while not to introduce unintentionally non-carbon related risks such as resource depletion, pollution and ethical risks. The application is focused on comparing both the positive and negative impacts of labelling different product groups so that the ones with the relatively higher positive impacts are recommended for early participation in the program. The main challenges of the application are uncertainties in data and judgements, such as lack of data, inaccuracy of data estimates and weights of different criteria. It is demonstrated with examples how those challenges can be dealt with by applying the ER approach for MCDA.
Light Extraction Improvement From GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes With Nano-Patterned Surface Using Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template

An improvement of light extraction from GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was demonstrated by forming surface nano-structures using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template as a dry etching mask. Nano-pores were simultaneously formed on indium tin oxide and GaN surfaces of LED with different pore depths by the same procedural steps, with a pore density and pore diameter of 1.1t109/cm2 and 163 plusmn 31 nm, respectively. The nano-patterned LEDs achieved a top-face light output power enhancemetop-face light output power enhancementnt of 72% compared to the conventional LEDs at 20 mA. The light extraction effects of the nano-structures on the trapped optical modes in LED were revealed by scanning electron microscopy and microscopic electroluminescence.
A review on multiple criteria performance analysis of renewable energy systems

The modelling for renewable energy system (RES) performance evaluation and impact analysis can be a challenging task, where there are multiple criteria with both quantitative and qualitative forms under uncertainty. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods have become increasingly popular in the decision-making for renewable energy systems because of the multi-dimensionality of the sustainability goal and the complexity of the technical, environmental, economic and social perspectives. This paper aims to review the applications of MCDA methods to the performance modelling and impact analysis of RESs, primarily in four relevant areas, including renewable energy planning and policy, renewable energy evaluation and assessment, renewable energy project selection and allocation and RES environmental impact assessment. Further research can be conducted to study the feasibility of different RESs and the selection of an appropriate MCDA methodology in alternative energy decision-making.
Continuous-wave and Passively Q-switched c-cut Nd:CaYAlO4 Laser at 1.08 µm

We demonstrated an efficient high-power continuous-wave (cw) and passively Q-switched disordered c-cut Nd:CaYAlO4 laser at 1.08 um. Continuous-wave output power of 3.26 W was obtained with an optical conversion efficiency of 25.9% and a slope efficiency of 28.5%. In the passive Q-switching operation, the highest average output power, the shortest pulse width, largest pulse energy and highest peak power were achieved to be 2.61 W, 11.37 ns, 45.5 μJ and 2.43 kW, respectively, with Cr4+:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber.
Development of 25KV high voltage adjustable DC generator

This paper designs a kind of 25KV adjustable DC generators. The DC high voltage generator of the designing adopts the technology of linear regulator; voltage doubling rectifier technology produces the output voltage of the wide range of high stability. The generator has strong versatility, safety and economy. Through the simulation analysis, the DC high voltage generator outputs stable amplitude for DC high voltage 25KV through the divider in 0.1ms time, the maximum output power is 12.5W, the output resistance is 50 MΩ The experiment shows that the DC high voltage generator can meet the design requirements.
A new antenna selection algorithm combined with beam space time block coding transmit scheme

Theoretical investigations have proven that the system combining beamforming with space-time block coding (STBC) in MIMO systems can improve the performance efficiently. However, the multiple RF chains associated with multiple antennas are costly in terms of size, power, and hardware. Antenna selection is a low-cost low-complexity alternative to capture many of the advantages of MIMO systems. In this paper, we firstly construct a beam space-time block coding (BSTBC) scheme at the transmitter. Then, a new algorithm for receive antenna selection (RAS) is proposed. Simulation results for quasi-static Rayleigh flat fading channel demonstrate the significant performance of the proposed selection algorithm and the combining system
Fast iterative reweighted least squares algorithm for sparse signals recovery

Iterative Re-weighted Least Squares (IRLS) is an effective recovery algorithm for compressed sensing (CS). However, it suffers from a large computational load for the recovery of high dimensional sparse signals due to the repeated multiplication and inversion of large matrices. This paper proposes a fast IRLS algorithm. In this algorithm, the signal weights in each iteration are computed based on the result from the current iteration, simplifying the calculation of weights and avoiding repeated multiplication and inversion of large matrices in each iteration. The fast IRLS algorithm is more efficient than the original IRLS, especially for the high dimensional sparse signals recovery. Finally, some experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A design of Network Prepayment Meter Reading System based on ESAM

A design of Network Prepayment Meter Reading System based on  is presented in this paper. Instead of user card which is used widely in the design scheme of prepayment system in recent years, ESAM module is introduced to act as e-wallet and the security module in the meanwhile to avoid the problems caused by information mediums such as IC card. The paper discusses the basic structure of the design, analyses its constituents, and elaborates strategy of data transfer. Real-time data transfer and secure method of transmission realize the functions of remote meter reading and remote recharge, improve system's security and reliability, and form a kind of highly efficient prepayment management mode.
Design and analysis of fractional slot direct drive motor with low speed and high torque

In recent years, low speed and high torque direct drive motor is increasingly used in many application for industrial drive for the improved performance, especially for replacing the motor with structure of reducer which possess some shortcomings, such as complex structure, big volume and low efficiency of transmission . In this paper, we designed a 32poles/30slots fractional slot direct drove motor with surface mounted permanent magnet structure for low speed and high torque . We put the UDLR (up, down, left, right) four layers winding designing method into use to decrease the torque ripple . With two permanent magnet materials combined in the rotor, we can decrease harmonic components in electromotive force (later shows EMF) and attain more perfect sinusoidal waveform in EMF .
Fin Actuator System Circuit Design and Simulation

During the development process of airborne missile fin actuator system, there are some problems in simulation, particularly the absence of simulation models. In order to solve this problem, a 'top-down' design and simulation flow is put forward by using the system design and simulation software Matlab from Mathwork corp. and the VHDL-AMS simulation software System Vision from Mentor Graphic corp. To find the advantage of this methodology for analog system, this model developing method is also effective to describe the mixed-signal system's structure and action.
High-performance double-modulation-doped InAlAs/InGaAs/InAs HFETs

We demonstrate the improvement of double-sided-doped InAlAs/InGaAs MODFETs by inserting a thin InAs layer in the center of the conventional InGaAs channel. A maximum extrinsic transconductance of 1.4 S/mm is achieved for 0.13-/spl mu/m devices. The current gain cutoff frequency of this device is as high as 265 GHz. Delay time analysis shows a significant improvement in the effective saturated velocity, from 2.4/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s for LM devices to 3.1/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s for InAs devices. We believe the superior performance of this device is primarily due to the reduction of scattering from donor layers, especially under the channel, and the interface roughness, which is achieved by inserting a 4-nm InAs layer in the channel.
Method study on three-dimensional image rebuilding based on ISAR sequences

Shape recognition with radar is of great importance to monitoring and colliding avoidance of space target. This paper introduces a three-dimensional image rebuilding method based on ISAR sequences, which could be used as a new way of shape recognition. The study applies optical flow field to extract three-dimensional structure of target scatters and mainly consists of four steps: obtaining ISAR image sequences of moving target; detecting, tracking and matching of target scatters; three-dimensional structure extracting of target scatters based on optical flow field analysis; target three-dimensional feature recognition. The three-dimensional structure is featured with stable and intuitive characteristic for the accumulation of time and space, which provides a new way to improve the reliability of shape recognition.
Hierarchical ant colony algorithm of wireless sensor networks for energy monitoring

Using wireless sensor networks in residential building electrical monitoring changes the style of wire-based measurement and facilitates the design of the system. The wireless communication mode takes new problems such as the transmission efficiency and energy consumption of data transmission. To solve these problems, this paper discusses the characteristics of the network topology for energy measurement, and designs a communication protocol based on hierarchical ant colony algorithm. The protocol combines the idea of network hierarchical transmission and the ant colony algorithm. To achieve the efficient collection of data, the transmission efficiency is the first optimized object and the transmission energy consumption is also taken into account. System simulation and experimental results verify the reliability and feasibility of the designed algorithm.
A Generic Reconfigurable System With High-Speed Data Transmission and High-Precision Time Measurements Applied to a Quantum Bit Commitment Experiment

A reconfigurable system with high-speed data transmission and high-precision time measurement capability based on optical fiber and FPGA technology is presented in this paper. The design is generic for applications where data transmission and time measurement are required. This could be adapted to particle physic experiment, large imaging system, quantum bit commitment, etc. The system is extendable and reconfigurable, allowing data transmission in a bandwidth of 7.5 Gbps. TDC-GPX for time measurement, signal conditioning, data storage, real-time data processing with an FPGA with standard interface such as USB 2.0 and an expansion interface are included. As an example of an application, the design for bit commitment experiment is fully introduced.
A Novel Semi-fragile Audio Watermarking Technique Based on Support Vector Regression

Semi-fragile watermarking methods aim at detecting unacceptable malicious manipulations, while allowing acceptable regular manipulations. In this paper, a new semi-fragile audio watermarking algorithm based on the support vector regression (SVR) is proposed. This algorithm extracts the more steady features and adopts a new embedded strategy to resist the synchronization attack effectively. Firstly, the corresponding feature are selected as train sample, which are extracted from the audio segments after Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and then the SVR train model can be obtained by applying the SVR theory. Finally, the digital watermark can be embedded and extracted by utilizing the strong learning ability of SVR. The digital watermark not only can be correctly extracted under various attacks, but also can locate the part of the audio that has been tampered with and tolerate some incidental processes that have been executed. Experimental results show that our semi-fragile audio watermarking scheme can locate tampered regions without the help from the original watermark and has the advantages such as simple computation complexity, good robustness against shearing attack, and accurate location for tamper.
Directional Lapped Transforms for Image Coding

This paper presents a scheme to design directional lapped transforms. Lapped transforms can be factorized into lifting steps. By introducing directional operator into each lifting step, the directional lapped transform is constructed. The directional lapped transform proposed not only preserves the advantages of lapped transforms, it also can represent directional signals more efficiently. An image coding scheme using the directional lapped transform is also described. Compared to the state-of-the-art image coding using lapped transform, HD photo, the proposed scheme shows more than 20 dB's gain for artificial images with strong directional correlations. And for natural images, up to 1.5 dB's gain can also be observed.
End-to-End Security Formalization and Alignment for Federated Workflow Management

Traditionally, the allocation and dynamic adaptation of federated cyberinfrastructure resources residing across multiple domains for data-intensive application workflows have been performance or quality of service-centric (i.e., QSpecs), often compromising the end-to-end security requirements of scientific workflows. Lack of standardized formalization methods of the workflows' end-to-end security requirements, and diverse/heterogenous domain resource and security policies make inter-conflict characterization between application's security and performance requirements non-trivial, and leads to sub-optimal resource allocation. In this paper, we present a joint security and performance-driven federated resource allocation and adaptation scheme to define and characterize a data-intensive scientific application's security specifications (i.e., SSpecs). In order to aid security-driven resource brokering among domains with diverse security postures, we describe an alignment technique inspired by Portunes Algebra to combine domain-specific resource policies (i.e., RSpecs) along the application workflow life cycle. We use standardized guidelines that help in compute/storage resource domain/location selection as well as network path selection based on both application QSpecs and SSpecs. We implement our security formalization and alignment methods as a framework, viz., "OnTimeURB" and apply it on an exemplar Distributed Computing workflow to show the benefits of joint QSpecs-SSpecs-driven, RSpecs-compliant federated workflow management.