nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of tanh-profile corrugated feedhorn in quasi-optical system

A novel tanh-profile corrugated feedhorn application in quasi-optical system is proposed in this paper. The simulation results of the corrugated feedhorn are carried out via CHAMP. The simulated bandwidth is from 300GHz to 350GHz and the center frequency is 324GHz. The proposed tanh-profile corrugated feedhorn application can achieve very low return loss, sidelobe and cross polarization levels around -40dB, -35.1 dB and -45dB respectively.
Three-dimensional diffractive Gaussian beam analysis method for multi-reflector antennas

A three-dimensional Diffractive Gaussian Beam Analysis approach for analyzing quasi-optical multi-reflector systems is presented. The illuminating field over the whole input plane is analyzed into a set of elementary Gaussian beams. These are propagated to the reflector. Geometric Optics initially treats reflection, while edge diffraction is modeled using the canonical problem of a 3-D Gaussian beam incident upon an opaque Kirchhoff half-screen. The output beams can again be expanded into a set of Gaussian beams. The proposed analysis is verified against a GRASP Physical Optics of a multi-reflector antenna system.
Digital calibration technique for A 14-bit 125-MS/s pipelined ADC using PN dithering

This paper presents a new scheme of digital calibration for a 14-bit 125-MS/s pipelined ADC. The proposed digital calibration corrects the linearity errors resulted from capacitor mismatches, finite Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) gain and OTA's settling error. This calibration method is based on radix-based calibration, and Pseudo-random Noise (PN) sequence is injected into the Multiplying DAC (MDAC) to extract the equivalent radix. According to the calibration system, simulation results show that when the prototype ADC is sampled at 125 MS/s, the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) improves from 51.64 dB to 102.27 dB with calibration, and the Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio (SNDR) improves from 36.47 dB to 80.86 dB with calibration.
FCM-based radar target detection in medium frequency signal of radar

In radar target detection application fields, rich of information of targets may be included in medium frequency. Doppler shift caused by moving target is one of them. In this paper, Doppler shift and its Short Time Fourier Transform-STFT is analyzed and discussed. Since it is difficult to distinguish the Doppler shift of moving target even in frequency domain with STFF method, fuzzy C means clustering method is introduced to seek the two centers of the mixed signals in a radar scanning period. Using multiple radar scanning period, several centers can be determined by a center function using arithmetic mean filter. Finally the targets can be detected by threshold decision and calculated the detection probability. This algorithm is simple, easily to realize, with small computation burden and good target detection probability.
Gender recognition with limited feature points from 3-D human body shapes

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using limited feature points (shape landmarks) from 3-D human body shapes to recognize the gender of human beings. Several machine learning algorithms and feature extraction algorithms (principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis) are investigated and analyzed in this paper. Experimental results on a large dataset containing 2484 3-D shape models show that limited feature points (shape landmarks) can be used for gender recognition and can achieve high recognition rate, which provides a fast gender recognition technique. The research provides a potential research direction for gender recognition.
Mass Classification in Mammograms Using Selected Geometry and Texture Features, and a New SVM-Based Feature Selection Method

Masses are the primary indications of breast cancer in mammograms, and it is important to classify them as benign or malignant. Benign and malignant masses differ in geometry and texture characteristics. However, not every geometry and texture feature that is extracted contributes to the improvement of classification accuracy; thus, to select the best features from a set is important. In this paper, we examine the feature selection methods for mass classification. We integrate a support vector machine (SVM)-based recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) procedure with a normalized mutual information feature selection (NMIFS) to avoid their singular disadvantages (the redundancy in the selected features of the SVM-RFE and the unoptimized classifier for the NMIFS) while retaining their advantages, and we propose a new feature selection method, which is called the SVM-RFE with an NMIFS filter (SRN). In addition to feature selection, we also study the initialization of mass segmentation. Different initialization methods are investigated, and we propose a fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering, with spatial constraints as the initialization step. In the experiments, 826 regions of interest (ROIs) from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography were used. All 826 were used in the classification experiments, and 413 ROIs were used in the feature selection experiments. Different feature selection methods, including F-score, Relief, SVM-RFE, SVM-RFE with a minimum redundancy-maximum relevance (mRMR) filter [SVM-RFE (mRMR)], and SRN, were used to select features and to compare mass classification results using the selected features. In the classification experiments, the linear discriminant analysis and the SVM classifiers were investigated. The accuracy that is obtained with the SVM classifier using the selected features obtained by the F-score, Relief, SVM-RFE, SVM-RFE (mRMR), and SRN methods are 88%, 88%, 90%, 91%, and 93%, respectively, with a tenfold cross-validation procedure, and 91%, 89%, 92%, 92%, and 94%, respectively, with a leave-one-out (LOO) scheme. We also compared the performance of the different feature selection methods using the receiver operating characteristic analysis and the areas under the curve (AUCs). The AUCs for the F-score, Relief, SVM-RFE, SVM-RFE (mRMR), and SRN methods are 0.9014, 0.8916, 0.9121, 0.9236, and 0.9439, respectively, with a tenfold cross-validation procedure, and are 0.9312, 0.9178, 0.9324, 0.9413, and 0.9615, respectively, with a LOO scheme. Both the accuracy and AUC values show that the proposed SRN feature selection method has the best performance. In addition to the accuracy and the AUC, we also measured the significance between the two best feature selection methods, i.e., the SVM-RFE (mRMR) and the proposed SRN method. Experimental results show that the proposed SRN method is significantly more accurate than the SVM-RFE (mRMR) (p = 0.011).
Architecture of high-order all-fiber birefringent filters by the use of the Sagnac interferometer

Several high-order all-fiber birefringent filters were built by using of Sagnac interferometer. These filters included the narrow bandpass filter, the narrow bandstop filter, the rectangular filter, and the triangular filter. All these filters can be changed into each other by adjusting only the wave plates inside the Sagnac loop. The corresponding architecture theory for these kinds of filters is proposed and verified in experiments.
Analyses of Electric Field for Vacuum Circuit Breaker Using Response Surface-Charge Simulation Method

A combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and charge simulation method (CSM) is proposed and applied to calculate the electric field of a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB). The distribution of electric field with higher calculation precision has been achieved. And the calculation work has been reduced. Moreover, a new strategy for calculating and analyzing the unbounded electric field with thin electrode and multi dielectric medium was obtained.
Research and implementation of load balancing algorithm for mass mobile application detection task

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, the number of mobile application on the Internet increases every year. The security situation of mobile Internet becomes more and more serious. It is necessary to develop an efficient method to detect a mass of mobile applications. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of mobile application and discover that the relationship between the control flow complexity and the detection efficiency of mobile applications is linear. Application control flow complexity (ACFC) could represent the task complexity of mobile application detection task in some degree. Based on the observation, a novel distributed load balancing algorithm for mass mobile application detection tasks is designed. It introduces ACFC into a conventional dynamic load-balance algorithm as a critical factor. Experiments show that the algorithm could avoid load imbalance problem of the detection node effectively, speed up the detection efficiency of mobile applications and improve throughout capacity of the detection platform.
Electric field calculation of high voltage circuit breaker using self-adaptation approach

In this paper, the direct self-adaptation grid scheme based on the calculation error distribution of electric field value has been presented. There are two main advantages of the proposed scheme: rational mesh with optimum density is automatically generated, and higher precision and efficiency can be achieved by employing the least unknown quantities of elements and nodes. Moreover, the validity of direct self-adaptive grid scheme are verified and applied to the electric field calculation of demonstration examples.
A new twin support vector machine for pattern recognition

A new nonparallel twin support vector machine is presented in this article which combine l2,1 -norm minimizing on both loss function and regularization which called (TWSVM_21). Our TWSVM_21 is formulated aiming to separate class more efficiently. Different from other nonparallel classifier, such as the presented TBSVM, the classifier we proposed in this paper joint l2,1 -norm. Experiments on DDSM datasets show the feasibility and effectiveness of our TWSVM_21.
Genre categorization of amateur sports videos in the wild

Various sports video genre categorization methods are proposed recently, mainly focusing on professional sports videos captured for TV broadcasting. This paper aims to categorize sports videos in the wild, captured using mobile phones by people watching a game or practicing a sport. Thus, no assumption is made about video production practices or existence of field lining and equipment. Motivated by distinctiveness of motions in sports activities, we propose a novel motion trajectory descriptor to effectively and efficiently represent a video. Furthermore, temporal analysis of local descriptors is proposed to integrate the categorization decision over time. Experiments on a newly collected dataset of amateur sports videos in the wild demonstrate that our trajectory descriptor is superior for sports videos categorization and temporal analysis improves the categorization accuracy further.
Gaussian beam for antennas field pattern synthesis

The paper presents a rapid analysis method of THz double elliptical mirror system based on the Gaussian beam (GB) expansion and tracking, working frequency at 119 GHz. Gaussian far-field pattern is firstly expanded into a series of sub-GBs making use of point matching (PM), then tracking GBs successively with specular reflection is to obtain near field and far field pattern. Synthesis results of mirror reflection, compared with Physical optics (PO), reaching to -60dB proves the correctness of the system modeling and analysis method.
Multi-leaf tracking from fluorescence plant videos

Driven by the plant phenotyping application, this paper proposes a new leaf tracking framework to jointly segment, align and track multiple leaves from fluorescence plant videos. Our framework consists of two steps. First, leaf alignment is applied to one video frame to generate a collection of leaf candidates. Second, we define a set of transformation parameters operated on the leaf candidates in order to optimize the alignment in the subsequent video frame according to an objective function. Gradient descent is employed to solve this optimization problem. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-leaf tracking algorithm is superior to the image-based leaf alignment method in terms of three quantitative metrics.
Video motion capture using feature tracking and skeleton reconstruction

In the domain of computer vision, there exists a very wide application for the research of human motion capture. This paper proposes a new approach to do motion capture in video. It is composed of image sequence based tracking of human feature points and the reconstruction of three dimension (3D) motion skeleton. First, we track every part of human body from top to bottom on the basis of a human model. The Kalman filter and a morph-block similarity algorithm based on subpixel are used. Then we do camera calibration using the line correspondences between the 3D model and the image. Finally the 3D motion skeleton is established by using the model knowledge. This approach does not aim at a given mode of human motion. Rather, it analyzes large motion from frame to frame in complex, variational background, and sets up a 3D motion skeleton under the perspective projection. We also present the experimental result at the end of the paper.
3D magnetic assembly of cellular structures with "printing" manipulation by microrobot-controlled microfluidic system

Microfluidic technology provides a mild way to fabricate cell-laden hydrogel three-dimensional (3D) modules. However, the poor controllability of hydrogels and unstable microfluidic fabrication process are still problems during the assembly process. In this paper, a novel "bottom-up" method is used to assemble the complex shapes with magnetic alginate microflbers (MAMs) under an optimized magnetic field and a robotic assembly system. MAMs encapsulating Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNs) and fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) are spun and automatically assembled under the magnetic field produced by a ring magnet. Experimental results show that the MAMs can respond quickly to the magnetic field, which enhances the controllability of hydrogels. The spinning process can be more stable with immersing the spinning orifice of microfluidic device into deionized water and using the "pinch-off" scheme to wash the blockage off. Moreover, an optimization of magnetic assembly area of ring magnet is completed. Because of magnetic field, the complex assembly can be completed just by controlling robot arm which fixes the microfluidic device to move in XY plane. The secondary cross-linking method is employed to shape the structure on the support model. Finally, from the LIVE/DEAD assay, cells can survive well during the magnetic assembly process.
An Improved Target Detection Method on Wavelet-Based Fractal Scaling Analysis

Wavelet-based fractal scaling analysis is a new method based on fractal geometry for detecting small targets within sea clutter. But the fractal dimension of sea clutter is affected by not only the presence of a target but also sea wave propagation directions, which will degrade accuracy of detection under various sea and weather conditions. An improved method using spatial Hurst parameter differences is provided to overcome the above drawback. Experiments with IPIX real-life radar data have shown that the novel method is more robust and accurate than wavelet-based fractal scaling analysis method
Relations model of urban development level and macroscopic road network operation

Based on the statistical analysis of Beijing urban development level, this article puts forward the principles for selecting the indicators of urban development level. It creates an integrated indicator system for urban development level consisting of 16 indicators in three aspects-social development, transportation supply and transportation demand. Also this article establishes indicators for macroscopic road network operation based on road network congestion index (CI) and arterial network's peak-hour travel speed. By gathering the actual statistics data of Beijing during the year 2003-2009, it identifies the input indicators for the relations model, establishes the relations model between urban development level and road network operation using the “Partial Least Square (PLS) method”. The relation model is validated by using the existing data. The result shows that the model's precision is within 10%, being able to satisfactorily meet the need of actual use. The research model in this article can provide important support for Beijing's future urban transportation development decision-making and transportation development strategy.
A new method for incorporating load pickup as a control means for standing phase angle reduction in power system restoration

A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is proposed in this paper for reducing excessive standing phase angle difference (SPA) across open circuit breakers in transmission loop paralleling operation. The model adopts both the active power generation increment and the load switch as control variables and takes the relative importance of the loads to be restored into account, resulting in fewer rescheduled generators and less adjustment of active power generation. The condition for transmission loop paralleling operation can be reached from two ways of reducing generator adjustment time and optimally restoring load. The method can improve power restoration efficiency, speed up restoration progress, and hence reduce the loss of outage. Simulation results of New England 10-machine 39-bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Design of a long-range rectangular coil antenna for RFID access control system

The identification distance of the traditional High Frequency (13.56MHz) antenna used in the access control system is only around several centimeters, bringing about an inconvenience for the users and decreasing the efficiency of the access system. This paper describes the design and calculation of a long-range identification antenna, whose identification distance can reach 0.9 meter, using two paralleled antennas set in-phase. In this way, the passenger can go through the access control system, just bringing a card (tag) instead of swiping it, and the tag can be detected and identified by the reader precisely.
A ΔΣ fractional-N PLL with fast Auto-Frequency Calibration for CMMB tuners

A ΔΣ fractional-N Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) with fast Auto-Frequency Calibration (AFC) is presented in this paper. The proposed PLL employs a dual-core Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), a programmable Frequency Divider (FD), a Phase/Frequency Detector (PFD), and a replica biased Charge Pump (CP) with static offset current to compensate fractional spur, etc. This PLL is intended for a China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting (CMMB) TV tuner. The design is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process and occupies an area of 2.1 mm×0.92 mm including the on-chip third-order loop filter and the digital circuits. The simulated power consumption is 10 mA at a 1.8 V supply voltage. The simulation result of the phase noise satisfies the CMMB specification. Also, with the help of a fast AFC scheme, the proposed PLL achieves fast settling performance. The settling time is less than 50 fis in typical case including both coarse tuning and fine tuning.
Influence of Over-voltage Caused by Chopping Current on Electric Field Distribution in Vacuum Interrupter

A transient circuit model for the vacuum circuit breaker switching three-phase inductive motor is established and the steep-fronted over-voltages waves caused by chopping current are calculated. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is introduced to decompound the step-front transient over-voltage. Several main frequency components are obtained, which are regarded as boundary excitation. The differential equations of transient field are deduced, in which conductivity gamma is taken into account due to existence of plasma and metal gas between contacts, contact and shield. FEM is adopted to calculate the electric field in the vacuum interrupter and superposition of power frequency voltage and over-voltage of chopping current is regarded as boundary excitation, in which Delaunay method of mesh generation is introduced to discrete the solved region. Potential distribution curves at representative time are shown, which are compared with the one in the static field
Highly efficient acoustooptic tunable filter based on cladding etched single-mode fiber

The efficiency enhancement of an acoustooptic tunable filter on cladding etched single-mode fiber (SMF) is investigated experimentally. When the fiber diameter is etched down to 30 /spl mu/m, the acoustooptic coupling efficiency from the LP/sub 01/ core mode to the LP/sub 11/ cladding mode was increased by an order of magnitude, and the RF power consumption was reduced by two orders of magnitude. A highly efficient 8-cm-long 25-/spl mu/m-thick AOTF on cladding etched SMF with an insertion loss of <0.2 dB, and RF power as low as 1.1 mW was demonstrated.
Multiple optical flow sensors aiding inertial systems for UAV navigation

This paper exploits the idea of integrating the outputs of several optical flow sensors (OFSs) and a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial measurement unit (IMU). Several optical flow sensors are fixed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Their locations and orientations are different so as to detect the optical flow from different directions. By fusing the optical flow information and inertial navigation system (INS) measurements using an extended Kalman filter (EKF), the INS errors can be estimated and compensated. The integration of optical flow sensors and MEMS-based IMU provides a small size, low cost and self-contained scheme for UAVs navigation at low height above the ground in GPS denied environments. The preliminary simulation results presented in this article illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated navigation scheme.
Theme Classification and Analysis of Core Articles Published in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems From 2010 to 2013

In this paper, we are trying to find the developmental tendencies and study hotspots of intelligent transportation systems technologies by theme classification and analysis of core articles from all papers published in  First, we classify theme categories by co-word analysis with different research domains and obtain 12 themes that include vehicle control technology, modeling and simulation, image processing, etc. Second, we find research focuses and directions of these themes by analyzing the trends of the article numbers published in each year of the TOP 5 themes. Finally, we identify TOP 5 core articles of these 12 themes and obtain their specific study hotspots by sorting the citations without self-citations of the articles in the Web of Science.
Quiet zone evaluation from nonredundant rectilinear data for tri-reflector compact antenna test range

The quiet zone performance of a tri-reflector Compact Antenna Test Range is evaluated by an efficient sampling strategy with rectilinear plane scanning. The method relies on the nonredundant sampling expression of the scattered fields and the optimal sampling interpolation. An evenly stepping sampling based on the nonredundant sampling is also adopted considering the difficulty of practical scanning. In the modeling of the source, a convenient aperture model is used. Numerical results are presented, showing that the performance of quiet zone can be evaluated by a remarkably reduced number of sampling points, which indicates that the measurement time can be efficiently decreased.