nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Bistatic imaging of linear structures for polarimetric ultrawideband radar

The interpretability of radar images highly depends on the amount of unwanted artefacts introduced by environmental influences. Additional exploitation of fully polarimetric sensors enhance the amount of information hold in image domain, in case of clear polarimetric signatures. Bistatic sensor arrangements enable more degrees of freedom in data analysis compared to monostatic configurations. On the other hand bistatic geometries introduce challenging effects to polarimetric radar data arising from more complex system arrangements. In this publication an imaging approach is proposed, that compensates those polarimetric effects originating in geometry for separation of image artefacts from desired backscattering parts. A target model for linear structures like edges or wires is considered for bistatic image formation process. The results are evaluated by numerical results.
A generalization of median filtering using linear combinations of order statistics

We consider a class of nonlinear filters whose output is given by a linear combination of the order statistics of the input sequence. Assuming a constant signal in white noise, the coefficients in the linear combination are chosen to minimize the output MSE for several noise distributions. It is shown that the optimal order statistic filter (OSF) tends toward the median filter as the noise becomes more impulsive. The optimal OSF is applied to an actual noisy image and is shown to perform well, combining properties of both the averaging and median filters. A more general design scheme for applications involving nonconstant signals is also given.
Audio-visual speech modeling using coupled hidden Markov models

In this work we consider the bimodal fusion problem in audio-visual speech recognition. A novel sensory fusion architecture based on the coupled hidden Markov models (CHMMs) is presented. CHMMs are directed graphical models of stochastic processes and are a special type of dynamic Bayesian networks. The proposed fusion architecture allows us to address the statistical modeling and the fusion of audio-visual speech in a unified framework. Furthermore, the architecture is capable of capturing the asynchronous and temporal inter-modal dependencies between the two information channels. We describe a model transformation strategy to facilitate inference and learning in CHMMs. Results from audio-visual speech recognition experiments confirmed the superior capability of the proposed fusion architecture.
Computational Modeling in Developmental Psychology

This manuscript surveys computational modeling efforts by researchers in developmental psychology. Developmental psychology is ready to blossom into a modern science that focuses on causal mechanistic explanations of development rather than just describing and classifying behaviors. Computational modeling is the key to this process. However, to be effective, models must not only mimic observed data. They must also be transparent, grounded, and plausible to be accepted by the developmental psychology community. Connectionist model provides one such example. Many developmental features of typical and atypical perception, cognition, and language have been modeled using connectionist methods. Successful models are closely tied to the details of existing empirical studies and make concrete testable predictions. The success of such a project relies on the close collaboration of computational scientists with empirical psychologists
A DC-43GHz-Bandwidth 30dB-Gain Amplifier

A broadband limiting amplifier is designed, manufactured, and measured using 1mum InP SHBT technology with fT/fmax =160GHz/160GHz. The lumped-element differential amplifier achieves a DC-43GHz bandwidth with a 30dB differential gain, which gives the highest gain-bandwidth product (1.36 THz) reported so far in any technology. In addition to S-parameter measurements, a 47Gb/s operational speed in time domain is obtained with small time jitter added. The differential output amplitude is 1V with 8/8ps rise/fall times. The die size is only 0.7mm2. Total power dissipation is 0.5W with a -4V power supply
Architectural Principles of the "Streamonas" Data Stream Management System and Performance Evaluation Based on the Linear Road Benchmark

Data stream management systems (DSMSs) receive large overheads when queries directly access the serial non-indexed incoming stream. Our novel architecture, presented in this work, addresses this problem by indexing the incoming dataflow based on a specially designed data structure. The role of this data structure is as fundamental for our DSMS as the role of a relation in a relational DBMS. The architecture achieves reusability, query parallelism and O(1) constant time complexity access to streamed data. The system managed to run the maximum level of difficulty the linear road benchmark has (10 expressways), demonstrating excellent performance results.
An experimental study on transport issues and electrostatics of ultrathin body SOI pMOSFETs

We present an experimental study of the transport properties (low field hole mobility /spl mu//sub h/) and electrostatics (threshold voltage V/sub th/, and gate-to-channel capacitance C/sub gc/) of ultrathin body (UTB) SOI pMOSFETs using a large RingFet structure. Body thicknesses were /spl sim/4.3 nm to 50 nm. We find that 1) hole mobility decreases significantly as T/sub Si/<10 nm, and tends to show negligible dependence on the transverse electric field for extremely thin T/sub Si/ (<6 nm) and 2) a V/sub th/ shift of /spl sim/150 mV occurs over the studied T/sub Si/ range, accompanied by enhancement of weak inversion capacitance in thin body devices. Simulations were performed to provide insight into the experimental observations.
Circular polarization division multiplexing for faster coherent fiber optic communication systems

Phase Shift Keying along with Polarization Division Multiplexing is used in 100G Fiber Optic Transceivers for maximizing the fiber spectral efficiency. PDM in these systems involve multiplexing of linearly polarized optical signals. In the present article, we extend this concept of polarization multiplexing to circularly polarized signals. Here, for the first time, we propose the use of circularly polarized beams in addition to linearly polarized ones and QPSK for enhancing bit rate of transceivers without affecting the spectral width of the transmitter.
Design of a circular patch antenna with admittance measurement for wireless communication

A circular microstrip patch antenna is designed and analyzed. Concentric vias are inserted into the patch, as a method for improving the antenna parameters, mainly admittance of the patch antenna. The various effects of increasing the number of vias are studied and analyzed - using FEKO software. The advantage of a circular patch over rectangular patch is that it has more directivity. An optimization technique is then proposed for the design of a circular microstrip antenna. The designed circular patch antenna is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization, a technique that can find out the optimized value of the design parameters for a desired resonant frequency.
Design of initial conditions based sliding mode controller for buck converter

This investigation is to design an optimal pulse width modulation form of sliding mode controller for buck converter. In this controller design, the converter parameters and the initial conditions of the state variables are made use of. The Proportional Integral Derivative type of switching surface is chosen and continuous current conduction mode of operation is assumed. The design method is illustrated by considering an already existing example in the literature. The switching coefficients obtained proved to be yielding a robust switching surface both for load and line variations. It is shown for the first time that the initial conditions based sliding mode controller is having satisfactory line robustness and excellent load robustness. It still ensures much reduced control effort for maintaining sliding mode motion under wide variations.
A general theory for determination of the stability of linear lumped-parameter multiple-loop servomechanisms (and other feedback systems)

THE main purpose of this paper is to set out the details of a general theory enabling direct determination of the stability of linear lumped-parameter multiple-loop servomechanisms (and other feedback systems) which is broader in scope, more direct in application, more powerful in use, and yields greater insight to the physical functioning of both the system as an entity and its subloops than does presently available theory.
A new method for fractional Brownian motion interpolation

This article presents a new method for interpolating long fractional Brownian motion (fBm) sequences called incremental Fourier interpolation (IFI). Instead of computing the interpolated samples directly, as is the case with existing algorithms, IFI computes the first-order increments between the original and interpolated samples. For long sequences, these increments can be computed using the computationally efficient fast Fourier transform. Estimators for the fBm parameters are also incorporated into the algorithm. Simulations are presented for both known and unknown parameter cases that demonstrate the accuracy of IFI even for relatively short length sequences.
Analytical finite precision results for Burg's algorithm and the autocorrelation method for linear prediction

This paper derives new analytical results for quantifying the performance degradation induced by finite precision arithmetic upon the autocorrelation method and Burg's algorithm for linear prediction. The main results are analytical derivations of the resulting error in the reflection coefficient computation due to finite precision (FP) arithmetic implementation. From analysis of the second-order system, it is shown that for the autocorrelation method, FP effects are more dominant for signals having spectral poles which are near the unit circle and the real axis in the z plane. In this circumstance, analytical results show that the autocorrelation method indeed has severe degradation due to FP implementation. However, analytical results show that Burg's algorithm has FP properties superior to the autocorrelation method. Finally, experimental results are presented which show very close agreement between the analytical derivations and experimental results.
Cross-Layer Optimization of Multipoint Message Broadcast in MANETs

Multipoint-to-multipoint message broadcast is a demanding application scenario in ad-hoc networks. Adaptive management of wireless resources is necessary to support such applications in a safety critical context. In this work we study adaptation of transmission rate and power to varying densities of ad-hoc nodes. Our approach is to construct a cross-layer model building on existing models for physical and link layers. To enable optimization in relation to metrics of end-to-end delay and message reception probability a model of flooding broadcast is proposed as a part of the cross-layer model. 
 
In a simulation study we show that adaptation of transmission power and rate can be necessary to achieve delay requirements and maximize message reception probability. Compared to simulation our cross-layer model based optimization approach generates slightly more conservative parameter settings. It is further shown how correlated losses have a significant impact on the robustness of the broadcast technique.
Boosting Gaussian mixture models via discriminant analysis

The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) can approximate arbitrary probability distributions, which makes it a powerful tool for feature representation and classification. However, it suffers from insufficient training data, especially when the feature space is of high dimensionality. In this paper, we present a novel approach to boost the GMMs via discriminant analysis in which the required amount of training data depends only upon the number of classes, regardless of the feature dimension. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BoostGMM-DA classifier by applying it to the problem of emotion recognition in speech. Our experiment results indicate that significantly higher recognition rates are achieved by the BoostGMM-DA classifier than are achieved by the conventional GMM minimum error rate (MER) classifier under the same training conditions, and that significantly less training data are required for the BoostGMM-DA classifier to yield comparable recognition rates to the GMM MER classifier.
Diverse Active Ranking for Multimedia Search

Interactively learning from a small sample of unlabeled examples is an enormously challenging task, one that often arises in vision applications. Relevance feedback and more recently active learning are two standard techniques that have received much attention towards solving this interactive learning problem. How to best utilize the user's effort for labeling, however, remains unanswered. It has been shown in the past that labeling a diverse set of points is helpful, however, the notion of diversity has either been dependent on the learner used, or computationally expensive. In this paper, we intend to address these issues in the bipartite ranking setting. First, we introduce a scheme for picking the query set which will be labeled by an oracle so that it will aid us in learning the ranker in as few active learning rounds as possible. Secondly, we propose a fundamentally motivated, information theoretic view of diversity and its use in a fast, non-degenerate active learning-based relevance feedback setting. Finally, we report comparative testing and results in a real-time image retrieval setting.
Assessing the Impact of Imperfect Diagnosis on Service Reliability: A Parsimonious Model Approach

Modelling imperfect diagnosis performance in service reliability models can help identify best recovery strategies and diagnosis settings. In this work, a parsimonious Markov model of imperfect diagnosis is proposed. Capturing complex diagnosis behavior in the model is non-trivial. In our approach, representative diagnosis performance metrics have been defined and their closed-form solutions obtained for the Markov model. These equations enable model parameterization from traces of implemented diagnosis components. The diagnosis model has been integrated in a reliability model assessing the impact of diagnosis imperfections on reliability for time-constrained SCTP/TCP-based services. This enables: (a) a model-based sensitivity analysis of the service reliability to the diagnosis performance metrics, and (b) investigation of whether the chosen metrics provide a sufficiently detailed characterization of the diagnosis functions for the studied reliability problem. In a simulation study we finally analyze trade-off properties of diagnosis heuristics from literature, map them to the analytic Markov model, and investigate its suitability for service reliability optimization.
A probabilistic framework for semantic indexing and retrieval in video

This paper proposes a novel probabilistic framework for semantic indexing and retrieval in digital video. The components of the framework are multijects and multinets. Multijects are probabilistic multimedia objects (Naphade et al., 1998) representing semantic features or concepts. A multinet is a probabilistic network of multijects which accounts for the interaction between concepts. The main contribution of this paper is a Bayesian multinet which enhances the detection probability of individual multijects, provides a unified framework for integrating multiple modalities and supports inference of unobservable concepts based on their relation with observable concepts. We develop multijects for detecting sites (locations) in video and integrate the multijects using a multinet in the form of a Bayesian network. Experiments reveal significant performance improvement using the multinet.
Autoensum: Automated enhanced summary for multiple interacting objects

Video Summarization is a promising approach towards concatenating the moving patterns of objects into a single image. The summary attracts readers because of less browsing time, minimized spatio-temporal redundancy, and a feel of motion activity of the scene. It becomes crucial when video uncovers multiple interacting objects and the quality of the video summary in the form of resolution deteriorates in this situation. This paper attempts to address these type of concerns and presents an approach that helps the viewer to have a more automated super resolved summary of the general content of the video. We propose a method, that provides fully automated reference frame selection, frame removal, super resolution and denoising for a productive video summary involving multiple interacting objects. We have evaluated our approach on different types of videos for the purpose of their quantitative and qualitative comparison.
Combining Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum (PSSS) with OFDM - Concept and Simulation Results

In this paper, we present a novel multi-carrier spread spectrum (MCSS) system which uses Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum (PSSS) as its spreading transform. This technique called PSSS-OFDM, allows flexible control over the amount of spreading to provide a variable rate link at minimal complexity gain over standard OFDM, requiring only a simple correlator before the IFFT block. Using a single-tap phase correction equalizer, simulations show a gain of at least 4 dB in Eb/N0 over plain PSSS at BER &#8804; 0.1 over plain PSSS. PSSS-OFDM is also shown to provide diversity gain over standard BPSK-OFDM by trading robustness for lower spectral efficiency. PSSS-OFDM achieves comparable BER to standard OFDM with the trade-off of having approximately half of its spectral efficiency through the use of precoding. The scheme also performs progressively better against OFDM as RMS delay spread is increased. Thus, PSSS-OFDM could be used to provide OFDM with multipath robustness in channels with high delay spread as a substitute for coded OFDM and has potential for use in high data rate systems such as WLANs.
Chemical functionalization of nanostructured materials using supercritical reaction media

There exists a need for durable and thin functional coatings to utilize the afforded surface area of highly porous ceramic materials. Deposition of silane-based Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) has thus far been limited to maximum coverages of 4-5 molecules/nm/sup 2/ and long processing times (up to 2 weeks), due to the restricted internal geometry of the substrates. Results are presented for SAMs deposited on high surface area silica from supercritical fluids (SCFs). The SAMs so produced display unprecedented coverages, high monolayer integrity, and extremely low surface defect density. Moreover, the depositions and subsequent removal of reaction byproducts are complete in a matter of minutes rather than days. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the surface modified silica are presented, demonstrating the SAM integrity and evolution over time. Sorption of aqueous metal ions is demonstrated, and results are given demonstrating the broad pH stability of the deposited SAMs. A chemical explanation for the enhanced deposition is posited, and the kinetics of mass transport into and out of the nanostructured spaces are discussed. Related experiments using zeolite substrates show deposition of thiol-terminated silanes to internal surfaces of 6 /spl Aring/ microporous material. After oxidation of the thiol functional group size selective chemistry was demonstrated using the produced catalyst, proving the efficacy of the supercritical reaction medium for installing functional coatings inside pores of similar diameters to the chain length of the deposited molecule. Comparisons are made between the response of the different substrates to the supercritical fluid-based processing, and remarks on the utility of SCF based processing of nanostructured materials are presented.
Bent slab ray theory for power distribution in core and cladding of bent multimode optical fibres

The power in the core of a bent multimode slab is calculated on the basis of ray theory as a function of the angle round the bend, and as a function of the bend radius of curvature. The effect of cladding thickness is also taken into account. Measurement of the power in the core of a bent multimode fibre supports the validity of the two dimensional slab model used, and also the mechanism of refracting rays being responsible for the power transfer to and from the core of such bent fibres.
Detecting wheels of vehicle in stereo images

A method for detecting the wheels of a vehicle in stereo image pairs is presented. The method consists of two steps: geometrical transformation and circle extraction. The geometrical transformation uses the disparity values obtained from a stereo image pair to calculate the parameters of the plane containing wheels of the vehicle. These parameters are used to transform any elliptical wheels contained in the plane to circular ones which can be extracted by the circle extraction algorithm. The circle extraction algorithm consists of template matching and the Hough transform. In order to save computation and improve the results in the Hough transform, two constraints, the neighbor-region edge connectivity and the gradient direction of each edge point, are used to eliminate noncircular edge points. Experimental results show that these two constraints do eliminate noncircular edge points and preserve any circle embedded in edges. The final results show that the proposed method can detect and locate the wheels of a vehicle successfully.<<ETX>>
Development of Ultra-Low-Noise Transformer Technology

Strict limits of the revised noise ordinance of New York City require power transformers to have ultra-low levels at each of the frequencies of transformer noise at full load and overexcitation. This paper describes the development of the technology that allowed successful design and production of ultra-low-noise power transformers recently delivered to Consolidated Edison of New York City. The paper presents results achieved by this development effort in the areas of accurate calculation of core resonance frequencies, frequency spectrum of core noise, and load noise. It also presents other aspects of the technology development, such as de-coupling of active parts vibrations from the tank, proper design of tank-plate fields and tank bracing, proper transformer mounting techniques, and accurate measurement of low noise levels in the factory. Finally, this paper presents the difference in design of the generations of these transformers produced at different stages of this development effort.