nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Complementing AHP with Habitual Domains Theory to Identify Key Performance Indicators for Service Industry

Beyond limited scope of sole financial performance evaluation, balanced scorecard (BSC) provides a comprehensive evaluation model which covers aspects of customers, learning and growth of employee, and internal business process, in addition to finance dimension. To achieve successful implementation of BSC system, selecting key performance indicators (KPIs) precisely is a critical cornerstone. Most applications select KPIs in a subjective manner, which may raise hesitation during implementation. This paper thus employees a structured approach complementing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with Habitual Domains Theory in identifying KPIs, and weighting of each indicator objectively. Utilizing service industry as an example, the proposed model demonstrates a systematic way to achieve precise evaluation integrating both subjective and objective elements
Adaptive Baseband Compensation for I/Q Imbalance and Time-Varying Channel in OFDM System

This paper proposes adaptive baseband compensation method for the OFDM system in the presence of I/Q imbalance of receiver front-end, and Doppler effect of time-varying channel. A paired-tones model is built up for the applications of two adaptive equalizers - the RLS and NLMS. Special scattered pilot tones in V-pattern are used in conjunction with the adaptive algorithms. The impact of Doppler frequency on the receiver performance is studied through computer simulation
Feature Extraction Methods for Fault Classification of Rolling Element Bearing Based on Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction and SVMs

Feature extraction is of great importance in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling machinery. Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction (NDR) theories brought a new idea for recognizing and predicting the underlying nonlinear behavior. In this paper, we propose a NDR based feature extraction method for fault classification of rolling element bearing. Original feature spaces are constructed by time- and frequency-domain feature selection method, NDR based feature exaction scheme is proposed to acquire the lowdimensional embeddings from feature space, which provide a more truthful low-dimensional representation compared to the linear DR methods. In order to systematically and quantitatively investigate the performance of NDR method, we compare the three nonlinear DR methods: Isometric Mapping(Isomap), Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), and Local Tangent Space Alignment(LTSA) with the intent of determining a reduced subspace representation in which the fault classes of rolling element bearing are more easily discriminable. Evaluation of the classification performance is done by Support Vector Machine (SVM), a supervised classifiers. Additionally, with optimal neighborhood size, binary code combinations based on NDR embedded results are given for fault recognition. Experiments on 6 fault data sets are used for fault and severity classification. Quantitative evaluation results suggest that NDR methods are superior in identifying potential novel classes within the data.
Balancing charge/discharge management for series/parallel battery packs

We propose a battery management system with capacity equalization. The system can be used in arbitrarily series-parallel connected battery packs, and effectively manage batteries working in the charge or discharge mode. For the discharge mode, we develop a new method of battery capacity equalization, and determine the minimum number of battery for equalization. This system not only reaches balancing discharge but also meets the requirement of output power. For the charge mode, this system can individually adjust the charge current according to the battery energy storage status for a charge equalization. Furthermore, the battery can be immediately isolated while it is not working in the safe operating range.
Interface properties study on SiC MOS with high-κ Al2O3 gate dielectric

In order to mitigate the electric field crowdingingate dielectrics and solve the reliability issue, high dielectric constant (κ) materials such as Al2O3 was applied in SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. High quality thin film Al2O3 was deposited on 4H-SiC by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD), followed by post deposition annealing (PDA). The PDA was conducted in oxygen atmosphere at various temperatures from 900 °C to 1100°C. Apart from furnace annealing in oxygen, we also conducted rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in N2 atmosphere at 1000 °C by contrast. Based on the multi-frequency C-V method, an optimized annealing temperature of 1000 °C in oxygen atmosphere shows the best results, i.e., the low density of interface traps, leakage current, frequency dispersion and reasonably high κ value.
A Network Traffic Prediction Model Based on Quantum Inspired PSO and Neural Network

The network traffic prediction model is the foundation of network performance analysis and designing. Aiming at limitation of the conventional network traffic time series prediction model and the problem that BP algorithms easily plunge into local solution, an optimization algorithm-PSO-QI which combine particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the quantum principle is proposed, and can alleviate the premature convergence validly. Then, the parameters of BP neural network were optimized and the time series of network traffic data was modeled and forecasted based on BP neural network and PSO-QI. Experiments showed that PSOQI-BP neural network has better precision and adaptability compared with the traditional neural network.
Development of an integrated fuzzy-logic-based missile guidance law against high speed target

How to develop a novel missile guidance law that can act effectively against very high speed incoming targets, such as ballistic missiles, has been a major concern in the defense technique. It has been unveiled recently in the literature that the most effective way for a lower speed interceptor to successfully engage an incoming target with very high speed is to limit the aspect angle between the missile and target flight path to within 180/spl deg/ plus or minus few degrees. On the basis of this requirement, a new integrated fuzzy guidance law is developed in this paper against very high-speed maneuverable targets on three-dimensional space. An integrated fuzzy type guidance law is explored for midcourse and terminal phases. It is shown that the integrated guidance scheme offers excellent tracking performance as well as performance sensitivity with respect to some parametric variations.
Studies on high temperature superconducting permanent magnet

Melt-textured high-T/sub c/ bulk superconductors can trap a strong magnetic field over 1 T at 77 K and reaches 10.1 T at 42 K. It is of great promise as a powerful magnet superior to conventional permanent magnets. Based on some potential application considerations, we emphasize to discuss its physical phenomena and relevant technical issues systematically in the paper, such as magnetization, the magnetic stability and mechanical effect, etc. In addition, a demo dipole motor will be shown as the first step of our present work aiming in finding out any possible novel ways to improve the traditional rotating machine by using high-T/sub c/ bulk superconductors.
A Novel Algorithm for Searching Parking Space in Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks

The vehicle has no parking assist system and takes much time to wander around aimlessly to find parking spaces near the destination. In recent years, how to help a driver find parking spaces by the Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is an important problem. This paper proposed a novel direction-base recommendation algorithm (DRA) to reduce both the search time for parking and the competition of parking. The DRA uses the exchange information between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside sensors to determine and disseminate parking space information to the driver. The DRA set roadside units at each intersection to provide driving recommendation for drivers to increase the utilization of parking spaces and reduce the competition of parking. Experiment results show that the average parking search time of the proposed algorithm is approximately 20~50% better than that of the Non-Assisted Searching method (NAS).
Robust Region Grouping via Internal Patch Statistics

In this work, we present an efficient multi-scale low-rank representation for image segmentation. Our method begins with partitioning the input images into a set of super pixels, followed by seeking the optimal super pixel-pair affinity matrix, both of which are performed at multiple scales of the input images. Since low-level super pixel features are usually corrupted by image noises, we propose to infer the low-rank refined affinity matrix. The inference is guided by two observations on natural images. First, looking into a single image, local small-size image patterns tend to recur frequently within the same semantic region, but may not appear in semantically different regions. We call this internal image statistics as replication prior, and quantitatively justify it on real image databases. Second, the affinity matrices at different scales should be consistently solved, which leads to the cross-scale consistency constraint. We formulate these two purposes with one unified formulation and develop an efficient optimization procedure. Our experiments demonstrate the presented method can substantially improve segmentation accuracy.
Complex Background Subtraction by Pursuing Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Models

Although it has been widely discussed in video surveillance, background subtraction is still an open problem in the context of complex scenarios, e.g., dynamic backgrounds, illumination variations, and indistinct foreground objects. To address these challenges, we propose an effective background subtraction method by learning and maintaining an array of dynamic texture models within the spatio-temporal representations. At any location of the scene, we extract a sequence of regular video bricks, i.e., video volumes spanning over both spatial and temporal domain. The background modeling is thus posed as pursuing subspaces within the video bricks while adapting the scene variations. For each sequence of video bricks, we pursue the subspace by employing the auto regressive moving average model that jointly characterizes the appearance consistency and temporal coherence of the observations. During online processing, we incrementally update the subspaces to cope with disturbances from foreground objects and scene changes. In the experiments, we validate the proposed method in several complex scenarios, and show superior performances over other state-of-the-art approaches of background subtraction. The empirical studies of parameter setting and component analysis are presented as well.
On the Design of a Fuzzy-PD Based Missile Guidance Law

A novel fuzzy logic-based missile terminal guidance law is proposed based on the specific feature of the fuzzy logic system. The guidance is partitioned into three stages in accordance with the relative range between the interceptor and target. Estimated line-of-sight (LOS) angle, LOS angle rate, LOS angular acceleration and relative range are used to constitute the rule antecedent of the guidance law to shape flight trajectories for effective engagement. Asymmetric membership functions and guidance rules are used in the proposed design to guarantee satisfactory performance
An H∞ design approach for neural net-based control schemes

Presents an H/sub /spl infin// design approach for a neural net-based control scheme. In this scheme, a class of nonlinear systems is approximated by two multilayer perceptrons. The neural networks are piecewisely interpolated to generate a linear differential inclusion model. Based on this model, a state feedback control law is designed. The H/sub /spl infin// control is specified to eliminate the effect of approximation errors and external disturbances to achieve the desired performance. It is shown that finding the permissible control gain matrices can be transformed to a standard linear matrix inequality problem and solved using the convex optimization method.
An adaptive weighted multibit-flipping algorithm for decoding LDPC codes

An adaptive weighted multibit-flipping (AWMBF) decoding algorithm which flips multiple bits in each iteration is proposed for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The multibit-flipping criterion is devised based on the least reliable positions in which reliability measure threshold is dynamically adapted during the decoding process. The proposed decoder converges faster and provides better performances than the conventional weighted bit-flipping and multibit-flipping decoders. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a good tradeoff between performance and complexity.
Fuzzy side force control for missile against hypersonic target

An integrated fuzzy-logic-based missile side force control mechanism is proposed for the interception of ballistic targets in three-dimensional space. Stringent scenarios when the missile intercepts the ballistic target at higher attitudes are considered. Conventional guidance systems with the aerodynamically controlled mechanism alone are usually incapable of engaging a high-speed target at low-air-density layers. To overcome the difficulty because of insufficient manoeuvrability, a fuzzy side force control scheme configured with two additional auxiliary thrusters is proposed to generate extra transverse acceleration and thereby to reinforce the engagement performance. A simulation study proves the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Study on Switching Characteristics of Reversely Switched Dynistor With an N-Buffer Layer

In this paper, an N-buffer layer has been introduced into the reversely switched dynistor (RSD). The relationship between the buffer layer and the device characteristics, together with the interaction among structural parameters, is discussed by the orthogonal method in detail. Based on the simulation results, buffer thickness W<sub>n-buffer</sub> and buffer concentration N<sub>n-buffer</sub>, N<sup>+</sup> emitter concentration N<sub>n+</sub>, and P<sup>+</sup> emitter concentration N<sub>p+</sub> at anode can all affect the maximum turn-ON voltage U<sub>Fmax</sub> on the RSD. Furthermore, the U<sub>Fmax</sub> increases with increasing W<sub>n-buffer</sub> or decreasing N<sub>p+</sub>, and if N<sub>n-buffer</sub> becomes higher continuously, the U<sub>Fmax</sub> slightly decreases first, and then dramatically goes up. Besides, the interaction between N<sub>n-buffer</sub> and W<sub>n-buffer</sub> has a dramatic impact on the U<sub>Fmax</sub>. When N<sub>n-buffer</sub> = 1E17 cm<sup>-3</sup>, W<sub>n-buffer</sub> = 10 μm, N<sub>p+</sub> = 1E18 cm<sup>-3</sup>, and N<sub>n+</sub> = 1E20 cm<sup>-3</sup>, U<sub>Fmax</sub> reaches its minimum in all the simulations. The experimental results verify the device characteristic's improvement by introducing the buffer layer.
Advanced driving/braking control design for electric bikes

This paper gives an idea of realization of an integrated driving-braking control unit for electric bikes based on the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. We apply field oriented control (FOC) for the driving unit and braking section design, two ways are jointed together for adjustment of the braking torque of a customized brushless DC hub motor (BLDCHM). The major one is to proceed the idea from software design, using a program to alternate the duty cycle of pulse width modulated commands for braking torque adjustment according to the road condition. The design has been practically realized for an electric bike with a BLDCHM. All results have been extensively verified via a variety of real-world experiments.
Adaptive feedforward control for disturbance torque rejection in seeker stabilizing loop

Important sources of disturbance torque inputs, which may severely degrade the seeker tracking accuracy of a guided missile, involve seeker mass imbalance, seeker gimbal friction, and seeker head restoring torque. The paper presents an approach to treat the disturbance rejection problem for the missile seeker. As the disturbance variables are measurable, we show that the quality of seeker tracking accuracy can be improved by the addition of feedforward control. A multilayer feedforward neural network is proposed to realize the nonlinear adaptive feedforward controller. Extensive simulation studies are performed to examine the effect of the proposed control scheme. The result shows that the neural controller affords possibilities for improving the miss distance performance.
Learning probabilistic structure to group image edges for object extraction

We investigate exploiting the class specific information in the conventional perceptual edge grouping for the task of object extraction, since the domain information is usually available in practice. Instead of applying the classical Gestalt principles, we turn to learn a class specific probabilistic structure model from training images. During the learning, both geometrical and photometric features such as color and texture are fused. Experiments show the model is fairly robust to the intra-class variations of object as well as background clutters. Moreover, we design a novel saliency measure for the grouping based on the probabilistic structure model. The object extraction is formulated as an optimization problem which can be efficiently solved by the recently developed ratio contour algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experiments on real images.
Stability Analysis of the Cable Core of a 10 kA HTS DC Power Cable Used in the Electrolytic Aluminum Industry

High temperature superconducting (HTS) dc power cable shows a wide application prospect in the field of power transmission for its nearly lossless and rather high capacity. IEE has installed a 360-meter long high temperature superconducting (HTS) dc power cable at the self-supply power plant of Zhongfu Industrial Company Ltd. in Gongyi, Henan and the system has operated for two years. The cable connects a 19.5 MVA/1.5 kA silicon-controlled rectifier, which connects with a 110 kV/1 kV transformer, to the bus bar of an electrolytic aluminum cell. It is designed to carry 10-kA current and the voltage is 1300 V. The HTS dc power cable core consists of five conductor layers wound with the spliced Bi-2223 wires with the length of 40 km. The cable core has five layers and 23 HTS wires in each layer with the outer diameter of 45 mm. The HTS dc power cable is fabricated with the spliced superconducting wires which will have effect on the overall superconductivity. Also, since dc output of the rectifier contains a proportion of the ac harmonic ripple, the large dc and small ac will generate the loss in the cable core. In the operation of the 10 kA HTS dc power cable, anode effect will occur in electrolytic aluminum tank, which will lead to a large fault current in the cable and even lead to the power off protection. In this paper, stability of the spliced Bi-2223 wire, stability of the cable core under the cold shrinkage force, loss under the large dc and small ac ripple are analyzed by the theoretical and experimental methods. The test results of ac ripple loss, anode effect, and stable operation are also presented.
A clustering algorithm applied to the network management on mobile ad hoc network

With the development of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), it needs network management to guarantee the network reliability and efficiency. However, the properties of a MANET are unique compared with other communication networks, hence, a new clustering algorithm with token mechanism and minimum ID putting the special existing unidirectional links and relative mobility etc. into consideration is proposed in this paper. It is applied to the network management of the mobile ad hoc network for clustering based on a hierarchical management framework including the manager, cluster heads and agents. We suggest a new method for mobile ad hoc network management. The amelioration to MIB is suggested as well.
Low-frequency AC susceptibility due to the interplay of loss mechanisms in HTS

The analysis of low-frequency ac susceptibility is complicated because the hysteretic losses due to pinning and the eddy-current losses are not simply additive. We show that the electromagnetic response of both ideal and nonideal type-II superconductors can be well described with a common nonlinear response function. This function makes a consistent description of the crossover from the power-law E(J) of flux-creep to the ohmic flux-flow regime. We interpret the scaling behavior of ac susceptibility with this nonlinear equation.
High Thermal Dissipation of Ultra High Power Light-Emitting Diodes by Copper Electroplating

The thermal management has become increasingly important when comes to device applications using ultra high power light emitting diodes (UHPLEDs). To thermally manage the devices in a most effective fashion, we report a novel packaging technique in which a copper electroplating process is directly applied over the red, green, and blue LED chips. With the copper-encapsulated layer, the operation current subsequently administered to these LED chips can be increased easily from a conventional 350 mA to more than 1050 mA stable at room temperature. This process can be well adapted to AlInGaP-based red LED when its working current can be driven all the way up to 1650 mA. At 350 mA, the relative luminous intensity of these specially packaged red, green, and blue LEDs (RGB LEDs) clearly demonstrate a corresponding enhancement of 53%, 69%, and 23% when compared to those of conventionally packaged LEDs. Furthermore, as the injection current of these LED chips increases to 850 mA, the respective improvement in relative luminous intensity of these RGB LEDs chips becomes 431 %, 83%, and 18%, when compared to those of the conventional packaged devices.
Single inductor quad output switching converter with priority-scheduled program for fast transient and unlimited-load range in 40nm CMOS technology

System-on-a-chip (SoC) applications need multiple power supplies with low noise for analog circuits and high efficiency for digital circuits. Thus, this paper proposes the priority-scheduled program (PSP) for single inductor quad output (SIQO) switching converter to manage energy delivery for four outputs. Consequently, SIQO converter with PSP can provides fast transient response and reduce cross-regulation. Besides, the level bypass detector (LBD) provides unlimited load range between each output through the shared inductor. The PSP cooperates with the LDB to transfer energy to low priority outputs to avoid overshoot at high priority outputs. With the two low-dropout regulator (LDR) working as buffers at low priority outputs, voltage disturbance can be filtered out. The SIQO converter fabricated in 40nm CMOS technology satisfies power requirements in portable electronics with 0.2% low noise, 15μs fast transient response, and cross-regulation smaller than 30mV.
Electrothermal breakdown of an intentional electromagnetic pulse injected into Ku-band gaas Mesfet-based low noise amplifier(LNA)

In this paper, electrothermal breakdown of a Ku-band GaAs MESFET-based low noise amplifier (LNA) is investigated in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse. The injected EMP is generated by one special high power microwave system, and its waveform can be adjusted effectively. The input-output responses of a set of LNAs are measured and compared for different injected EMP widths. It is observed that the first-stage GaAs MESFET in the LNA can be easily broken down, which is mainly caused by the rapid temperature rise in its channel region. This research can provide some useful knowledge for protecting some semiconductor active devices from the attack of an injected EMP.