nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A robust estimator for direction finding

Among high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimators, it is known that the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) has the most desirable performance in resolution. However, when the SNR falls below a certain threshold, its performance degrades considerably. The prime concern of this research is to try to provide a new estimator which can maintain an acceptable performance for the hard conditions under which the MLE fails. The way to achieve this estimator is to introduce a robust hierarchical statistical model to the sampled data. Simulation results have verified that the resultant robust estimator provides improvement in resolution and possesses certain robustness with respect to the misspecification on the signal model.<<ETX>>
The Study on a Patch Antenna with PBG Structure

In this paper, a patch antenna with an PBG (photonic band-gap) structure was studied by FEM method, and the theory of PBG structure was introduced. The Ansoft HFSS is used for the simulation. A comparison between the conventional patch antenna and the new PBG antenna is given. It is shown that the surface waves propagating along the substrate surface can be suppressed by the periodic structure due to the influence of its forbidden band. As a result, the patch antenna based on the PBG structure has a higher gain and a wider bandwidth in comparison with the conventional patch antenna.
Py-GC/MS Analysis on Medical Components of Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Fresh Ormosia henryi Leaves in Autumn

As one of the most expensive wood trees, Ormosia henryi has been planted more than 1000 mu in South China now. A mass of Ormosia henryi leaves was naturally abandoned and degradable so that the resources were wasted. Therefore, in order to overcome the negative effects, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the extractives of Ormosia henryi leaves. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The benzene/ethanol extractives contain 57 compounds namely thiophene, 2,5-dibutyl-, tetradecanal, rishitin, pyrrole, pyridine, 5-hexyl-2-methyl-, pyrene, hexadecahydro-, p-menth-8(10)-en-9-ol, cis-, pentadecane, oleic acid, octane, octadecanoic acid, nonanal, naphthalene, decahydro-, naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2- (1-methylethenyl)-, hexanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (z)-, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-l-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, heneicosane, glycerin, and so on. So the rare medicinal materials and rare spice is rich in the extractives of Ormosia henryi leaves. The byproducts can be used as not only top grade cosmetics and skin care, but also bio- energy.
A Privacy Measurement Method Using Network Structure Entropy

Data collected by social network services has raised privacy concerns for the individuals nowadays. To preserve privacy of the graph-formatted data, many methods have been proposed by graph modification techniques. Nevertheless, there no general evaluate criterions to measure privacy preserving capability between those methods up to now. In this paper, we introduce a privacy measurement method using network structure entropy which is one of the network static characters in complex network and define a privacy measurement indexes(PMI) to measure the privacy preserving capability of a graph structure. Then, we apply the PMI to a graph privacy preserving grading scheme. Finally, experiments on synthetic graphs data demonstrate that the better privacy capability, the larger network structure entropy. And each kind of graphs correspond to a privacy preserving capability level.
A Hybrid Wedge-To-Wedge Plasmonic Waveguide With Low Loss Propagation and Ultra-Deep-Nanoscale Mode Confinement

The well-known tradeoff between the propagation loss and mode confinement is a critical consideration for the plasmonic waveguide structures. Aiming to overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose a compact plasmonic waveguide consisting of two identical dielectric wedge waveguides symmetrically placed on each side of a nanowedge-patterned thin metal film. The systematical analysis has demonstrated that the light can be confined to approximate 3000th of the diffraction spot size (ranging from λ2/10 604 to λ2 /972) without sacrificing the propagation length (ranging from 1680 to 4724 μm). Compared to the recent published structure which achieved the best tradeoff, to the best of our knowledge, the proposed waveguide could achieve a 9-fold enhanced mode confinement for the same propagation length and a 2.4-fold outspread propagation length for the same mode confinement.
Modelling visual attention towards embodiment cognition on a reconfigurable and programmable system

Visual attention is a voluntary mechanism allows human to allocate our sensory and computational resources to the most valuable information embedded in the vast amount of incoming visual data. Neuromorphic prosthetics with high-level cognitive function can be used to complete increasingly sophisticated tasks. Inspired by recent developments in the field of attention modulation, we propose a biological neural attention model for online visual attention and implement this model on Xilinx ZYNQ 7000 System-on-chip system.
Empirical Mode Decomposition Analysis for Visual Stylometry

In this paper, we show how the tools of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis can be applied to the problem of “visual stylometry,” generally defined as the development of quantitative tools for the measurement and comparisons of individual style in the visual arts. In particular, we introduce a new form of EMD analysis for images and show that it is possible to use its output as the basis for the construction of effective support vector machine (SVM)-based stylometric classifiers. We present the methodology and then test it on collections of two sets of digital captures of drawings: a set of authentic and well-known imitations of works attributed to the great Flemish artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525-1569) and a set of works attributed to Dutch master Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) and his pupils. Our positive results indicate that EMD-based methods may hold promise generally as a technique for visual stylometry.
Designs of driving module and signal processing module of VOx IRFPA

Compared with the infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) based on amorphous silicon (α-Si), IRFPA based on vanadium oxide (VOx) has the advantages of big temperature coefficient, low noise and so on. Therefore, it is believed that VOx IRFPA has important application in both military and civil field. In this paper, the designs of driving module and signal processing module of VOx IRFPA are proposed. Firstly, the hardware designs of the driving module and signal processing module of VOx IRFPA are discussed in detail. Secondly, the design of the system configuration programs based on FPGA are introduced. Finally, some experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the developed modules, the results indicated that our work will lay a foundation for the implement of micro and low-cost infrared imaging system, and promote the application of infrared imaging technology in the field of civil consumption.
Multi-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in dispersion-engineered AlGaAs-based strip waveguides

We propose and numerically investigate mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in dispersion-engineered Al<inf>0.18</inf>Ga<inf>0.82</inf>As-based strip waveguides. An ultra-board supercontinuum ranging from 2 to 15.9 µm is obtained when pump pulses with center wavelength of 4.1 µm and peak power of 3.35 kW are used.
Performance Improvement of Brillouin Ring Laser Based BOTDR System Employing a Wavelength Diversity Technique

In this paper technique is employed in a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) using a Brillouin ring laser (BRL) as a local oscillator. In the wavelength diversity technique, multiple wavelengths are injected into the sensing fiber, while the peak power of each wavelength is set below the nonlinear threshold level. This technique significantly maximizes the overall launch pump power, without activating the nonnegligible nonlinear effects, which overcomes the limitation of the conventional BOTDR system. The BRL, which is simple and cost-effective, that can be used to reduce the receiver bandwidth in the order of few MHz. In addition, a passive depolarizer is used to reduce the polarization noise. The proposed system is validated experimentally over a 50 km sensing fiber with a 5 m spatial resolution. The experimental results demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 5.1 dB, which corresponds to 180% improvement compared to a conventional BOTDR system.
An Open System for Spatial Information Services

The development of an open system is important to allow for future expansion of capabilities because of the proliferation of spatial data, systems and applications. In this paper, the system architecture provides a distributed, interoperable and scalable environment. It is intended to unify the multiplicity of approaches and technologies to spatial information system. The spatial model, focusing on the scalable representation, shared data space and effective verification, is a useful method for better simulation, visualization and analysis over space and time. Furthermore, the system offers services based on components or subsystems to facilitate the creation and extension of applications and information communities
Electrical Properties Analysis and Control in Electric Hot Drilling

This paper investigates the mechanism and characteristics of electric conduction in contact zone of tool and workpiece in electric hot drilling, meanwhile it brings forward a physical model of electric conduction in contact zone of tool and workpiece, the dynamic characteristics of heat current loop is analyzed and the electrophysics phenomenon is discussed in electric hot drilling, this paper puts forward a kind of PC-based automatic control system, which can obviously solve the key problem of auto-adjusting of heating parameters and eliminating electric arc in electric hot drilling. It is significant to improve the heating effectiveness and gain better machined surface quality by using the above system.
Spatial regularization for neural network and application in Alzheimer's disease classification

Since the computer hardware power has been improved, neural networks have been widely applied in different fields. However, to the best of our knowledge, the idea of coding spatial information for Alzheimer's disease classification in the regularization neural network context is still new. This motivation has led us to propose a spatial regularization approach for neural network and apply it to structural MRI Alzheimer's disease classification. We tested our proposed model on two types of data. Real application results show that spatial regularization neural network increase the classification accuracy.
Study on Moulding Process of Woodceramics Without Formaldehyde Emission

Formaldehyde release not only pollutes indoor environment, but also severely impairs health of human body. Therefore, a novel technology using the mold pressing was introduced to realize binder-less agglutination in wood-based panel and to earnestly safeguard the health of consumer and the indoor environment. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and conventional measurement were performed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of wood-ceramics body. The results show that temperature, time and pressure of moulding process all have significant effect on physical-mechanical properties, and that the mechanical properties of new binder-less wood-ceramics body is superior to traditional medium density fiberboard.
Design of 1553B Bus Testing and Simulating System

With the appearance of different manufacturers and types of 1553B bus devices, the problem of the lack of real-time analysis and evaluation of effective tools for bus test method becomes severe. So a set of general configurable and flexible testing and simulating verification system for 1553B bus. In this thesis, a set of real-time hardware and software systems solution is proposed, a novel mechanism of inject fault testing and detect fault is adopted. Besides, the proposed system could receive good performance in practical applications.
Flow simulation for vector field visualization on unstructured meshes

The development of common characteristics abstracted from flow phenomena is important to enhance computer simulation efficiency and reduce repeated work. In this paper, a hiberarchy of flow simulation is presented firstly. It is intended to provide reusable software components to various professional areas in order to effectively achieve vector field visualization, provided that related parameters are appropriately imported. A simulation algorithm, considering of some exceptional analysis, is introduced which depends on vector fields designed in discrete, unstructured mesh TIN-surface or TEN-solid. Furthermore, we present a concrete example to demonstrate the application of the proposed method to groundwater simulation for Beijing plain area, China. It shows that the method is fast and steady to simulate and visualize the flow phenomena.
Compact relative humidity sensor based on an Agarose hydrogel coated silica microsphere resonator

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to measurements of low relative humidity (RH) levels based on the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) phenomenon in a silica microsphere resonator coated with Agarose. The spectral dips of the WGM resonances excited in the proposed sensor depend strongly on the changes in the refractive index (RI) of the coating material as well as the surrounding RI. A study of the humidity-induced RI changes in a thin Agarose layer, applied to the surface of a 162 μm-diameter silica microsphere was carried out by correlating the experimental results and numerical simulations performed using the perturbation theory. We experimentally demonstrate a linear sensing characteristic in a low-humidity range from 10% to 45% RH. The estimated quality factor of the micro-resonator is 2.82×106 and detection limit for the sensor is 0.057% RH, corresponding to the RI resolution of 8.4× 10−7 RIU.
Synthesis of high-quality gan nanowires and their optical, field emission properties - Correction

GaN nanowires are a new type of field emission materials which have been amacting increasing attention in recent years!'.21 In this paper, high-quality GaN nanowires have been synthesized by a chloride-assisted vapor phase epitaxy method, which were deposited on Co-coated Si substrate using gallium and N&Cl as precursors. Their structural and optical properties were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrum and photoluminescence. The GaN nanowires were single crystalline with a uniform diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers. The nanowires were observed over the entire Si substrate with high density and most of them have triangular cross section. The Raman photon modes showed a little down-shift and asymmehy, which might result from the internal stress due to the geometrical confinement. Photoluminescence measurement indicated that two emission peaks were centered at 358 and 410~1, revealing the good optical properties of this material. Field emission measurements of the GaN nanowires were also performed in the vacuum chamber at the pressure of 1xlO~'Torr at the ambient temperature and the promising emission properties were obtained and discussed.
The phenomena of footing's variation caused by oxidation of nitrogen-containing substrates

With the substrate suffering from the contamination of nitrogen, the variation of after-developing-inspection (ADI) linewidth with time could be monitored by CDSEM. This phenomenon has been attributed to the footing produced by acid loss. Moreover, the oxidation of nitrogen-containing substrates can cause the variation of capability of trapping acid, so the profile of photoresist (PR) changes with time, which has been verified by top-down CDSEM picture and SEM cut. It is reported that plasma and chemical treatment for the substrate can passivate the trapping sites for acid to remove this instability. In this paper, simulation and contrast experiment will be applied to illustrate the mechanism of footing and to verify this explanation. First, reflectivity and standing wave have been calculated based on the mask pattern and substrate. Second, light intensity distribution in photoresist has been calculated through the simulation of image in resist. At last, we add photoacid diffusion to the image intensity distribution. Such depiction by diffusion equation also goes across the boundary between the photoresist and the substrate, where several effective diffusion constants are used. The variation caused by the oxidation of surface is explained and analyzed based on the model above. The method of monitoring the variation of footing only by top-down CDSEM picture is proposed.
Adaptive stabilization of uncertain nonholonomic systems by output feedback

In this paper, an adaptive output feedback control strategy is presented for a class of nonholomic systems in chained form with drift nonlinearity uncertainties. The control law is developed using the systematic strategy combines the input-state-scaling technique with the so-called backstepping techniques. In particular, a dynamic output feedback controller for general case of uncertain chained system is developed with a filter of observer gain. A novel switching control strategy is employed to get around the smooth stabilization issue (difficulty) associated with nonholonomic systems when the initial state of system is known. The objective is to design robust nonlinear adaptive output feedback laws such that the closed-loop systems are globally exponentially stable. The simulation example demonstrates the efficiency and robust features of the proposed method.
Support vector regression for multi-view gait recognition based on local motion feature selection

Gait is a well recognized biometric feature that is used to identify a human at a distance. However, in real environment, appearance changes of individuals due to viewing angle changes cause many difficulties for gait recognition. This paper re-formulates this problem as a regression problem. A novel solution is proposed to create a View Transformation Model (VTM) from the different point of view using Support Vector Regression (SVR). To facilitate the process of regression, a new method is proposed to seek local Region of Interest (ROI) under one viewing angle for predicting the corresponding motion information under another viewing angle. Thus, the well constructed VTM is able to transfer gait information under one viewing angle into another viewing angle. This proposal can achieve view-independent gait recognition. It normalizes gait features under various viewing angles into a common viewing angle before similarity measurement is carried out. The extensive experimental results based on widely adopted benchmark dataset demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve significantly better performance than the existing methods in literature.
Study on high-grade bioenergy utilization of acetone extractives of Eucalyptus urograndis

Eucalyptus urograndis leaves are cheap and fine natural resources. Therefore, GC/MS was used to analyze high-grade bioenergy utilization of acetone extractives of Eucalyptus urograndis leaves. 43 compounds in the extractives were identified. The mainly abundant constituents were 1,2,3-butanetriol (33.25%), ethyl.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside (13.48%), thiazolidin-4-one, 3-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)-2-thioxo- (12.31%), 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-ol,14-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxy]- (5.23%), 6-(isopropylidenehydrazino)pyridaz ine- 3(2H)-thione (3.54%), phytol (2.75%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym ethyl)- (2.43%), 3,6-bis(3',4'-diethoxyphenyl)-1,2, 4,5-tetrazine (2.41%), 2-Butanone,4-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) (2.1%), 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-ol, 14-(nonylphenoxy)- (1.82%), benzene, 1-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl) (1.75%), 3,4-altrosan (1.67%), 1H-indole, 3-methyl- (1.48%), 2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 4,4-dimethyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)- (1.35%), vitamin E (1.17%), 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1- methylethyl)-(1.06%), etc. The most components from acetone extractives of Eucalyptus urograndis leaves can be used as fine bioenergy, rare biomedicines, and mildew proof preparation.
The research of CSCW task dividing and distributing mode based on time competed mechanism

The paper analyzed diversified methods of CSCW task split in allusion to great workload and many participator and low efficiency in CSCW system. The paper put forward a nuclear structure which is the same with multilayer CSCW system. Then, we put forward a task disaggrega-tire method based on the nuclear structure. The method distributes tasks in CSCW system again in real time by introducing time competed mechanism into Cscw system. We can make the efficiency of CSCW system to attain holistic optimization and quicken the time schedule of task accomplished by the method.
Analysis of solder joint fracture under mechanical bending test

1.  Recently, Electroless-Nickel and Immersion Gold (ENIG) plating has been applied for metalization of package substrate, because of the difficulties of routing for high pin count package. And we have been experienced that ENIG may cause the electrical open failure by some mechanical stress at In-Circuit Test (ICT) after package mount on printed circuit board (PCB), for example. In order to clarify the phenomena of solder joint fracture which causes open failure, we have been performing a four-point bending test and succeeded to optimize the condition of four-point bending test getting same phenomena as actual failure mode. This test procedure will be effective to simulate the reliability of solder joint. For fourpoint bending test, the daisy chained PCB and Flip-Chip BGA (FC-BGA) package which is 1848pin with 45mm body size, l.0mm ball pitch, were used.
Output-constrained finite-time tracking control for strict-feedback nonlinear systems

This work investigates the adaptive finite-time tracking problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties and symmetric constant output constraint. A tan-type Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) is proposed to ensure the boundedness of the output tracking error, and a new tuning function is given to eliminate the effect of uncertainties. It is theoretically shown that the control scheme not only can assure the finite-time convergence of system output tracking error into a small set around zero but also can guarantee that the output constraint is not overstepped. The effectiveness of the proposed finite-time control scheme is further verified with a numerical example.
DMA analysis on Bamboo fiber/Polylactic Acid composites

The dynamic thermal mechanical properties of Bamboo fiber(BF)/Polylactic Acid(PLA) composites were studied by the thermal dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results showed that E' and tanδ were affected by mass fraction of BF and coupling agent. Because interfacial compatibility between BF and PLA was poor, the dynamic thermal mechanical properties of composites were bad when coupling agent was not added.With the increase of mass fraction of BF, the dynamic thermal mechanical of properties became even worse. But when 2% coupling agent was added and mass fraction of BF was 55%, the dynamic thermal mechanical properties of composites were improved significantly.