nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded multiple description scalar quantizers for progressive image transmission

Robust progressive image transmission over unreliable channels with variable bandwidth requires multiple description coding (MDC) systems that produce highly error-resilient embedded bit-streams. The proposed embedded multiple description scalar quantizers (EMDSQ) meet the desired features consisting of a high redundancy level, fine grain rate adaptation and progressive transmission of each description. Experimental results show that EMDSQ yield better rate-distortion performance in comparison to the multiple description uniform scalar quantizers (MDUSQ) previously proposed in the literature. Moreover, the generalized form of EMDSQ targeting an arbitrary number of channels is proposed, which offers the possibility of designing realistic coders for practical multi-channel communication systems.
Simulation of dynamic operation in salient pole synchronous machines

The design of today's high performance synchronous motors must take into account not only the steady state but also practically inevitable dynamic regimes. In such conditions an accurate predetermination of the parameters and constructive solution by modeling and simulation of the given dynamic operation, becomes a mandatory step. In this aim, in the present paper a novel mathematical model of the high power salient pole synchronous machine (SPSM) is elaborated. We proposed to consider especially the effects of the magnetic saturation and saliency. The qualitative and quantitative results show an important number of valuable information in the design stage of the synchronous machine.
Wavelet-based lossless compression of coronary angiographic images

The final diagnosis in coronary angiography has to be performed on a large set of original images. Therefore, lossless compression schemes play a key role in medical database management and telediagnosis applications. This paper proposes a wavelet-based compression scheme that is able to operate in the lossless mode. The quantization module implements a new way of coding of the wavelet coefficients that is more effective than the classical zerotree coding. The experimental results obtained on a set of 20 angiograms show that the algorithm outperforms the embedded zerotree coder, combined with the integer wavelet transform, by 0.38 bpp, the set partitioning coder by 0.21 bpp, and the lossless JPEG coder by 0.71 bpp. The scheme is a good candidate for radiological applications such as teleradiology and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS's).
Optimized scalable Multiple-Description Coding and FEC-based Joint Source-Channel Coding: A performance comparison

This paper proposes an optimized, low-complexity methodology that combines Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC) based on Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding and scalable Multiple Description Coding (MDC) mechanisms for error-resilient data transmission over error-prone packet-based channels. Additionally, we report a comparative theoretical analysis between (i) MDC, and FEC-based scalable JSCC for sources encoded using (ii) Single Description Coding (SDC) and (iii) MDC. Our analysis assumes ideal source coders that can achieve the theoretical performance bounds for a Gaussian source. This source model is independent of the actual implementation and therefore allows to draw conclusions on the theoretical performance of these approaches and to determine which methodology should be employed in specific transmission scenarios.
Insulating Resistance As Degradation Criterium For Power Transformers Insulation

The paper deals with the insulating resistance qf the power transformers as an aging ,criterium. This criterium is used for calculating the life-time for some types of power transformers. For the high power transformers are performed some tests: tests for the electro-insulating oil as: measurement of the winding insulation resistance and absorption coefficient, measurement of the tangent of the losses angle for the winding insulation. Those parameters could be used as degradation indices, ifthe contribution of the external factors is not very important.
Information Systems Security Risk Assessment: Harmonization with International Accounting Standards

This paper emerges from research by (Alter, S. et al., 2004), (Dillard, K. et al., 2004), (Landoll, D.J., 2006) and (Soliman, K., 2006), and it draws on real-world examples so as to underline some limits of quantitative risk assessment. The paper is a case study and emphasized that theoretical formulas used in information security risk assessments do not contain the time dimension of the analysis. The article further develops findings published in our article Information Security Risk Assessment: The Qualitative versus Quantitative Dilemma (Soliman, K., 2006) as we agree that the risk of information system security may only be assessed or estimated, but in practice, it cannot be measured accurately. A degree of trust should be associated with the assessment made by the security analyst. There are other elements that must be evaluated: average time for threat identification, average time for releasing technical procedures to reduce or accept threat and average time necessary until the system becomes operational and the threat is eliminated. The value of loss is different in any of the three moments and should be estimate for any of them.
Three phase squirrel-cage induction motor optimization using finit element method

This paper presents the results of an optimization process on a three phase squirrel-cage induction motor designed for mining applications. In order to achieve the imposed working characteristics (limited start-up current and convenient torque values), deep rotor bars and double cage solutions have been considered and analyzed. For this aim, the finite element method (FEM) has been used. The obtained simulation results were compared in order to find the most suitable solution for the specified application, considering the influence of each design upon the motor performance.
Multi-speed induction motor for direct drive applications

This paper presents the study of the transients for a multi-speed induction motor with toroidal stator winding and external rotor. The results prove the superiority of the toroidal winding for external rotor structures since it offers an easier way to change the coil ends connection in order to obtained more synchronous speeds. By knowing the motor mechanical characteristics, the start-up has been simulated for each pole number configuration. For two of the situations, the start-up takes into consideration both no-load and under load operation using a strategy based on the switching of poles number.
Bottom-up motion compensated prediction in wavelet domain for spatially scalable video coding

A new in-band motion compensation algorithm for wavelet-based video coding is proposed: the bottom-up prediction algorithm (BUP). This algorithm overcomes the periodic shift-invariance of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and is formalised into prediction rules using filtering operations. The combination of all prediction rules of the BUP algorithm defines a new transform: the bottom-up overcomplete DWT or BUP ODWT, which is shift-invariant. The envisaged application for the BUP algorithm is spatially scalable wavelet video coding.
Scalable Intraband and Composite Wavelet-Based Coding of Semiregular Meshes

This paper proposes novel scalable mesh coding designs exploiting the intraband or composite statistical dependencies between the wavelet coefficients. A Laplacian mixture model is proposed to approximate the distribution of the wavelet coefficients. This model proves to be more accurate when compared to commonly employed single Laplacian or generalized Gaussian distribution models. Using the mixture model, we determine theoretically the optimal embedded quantizers to be used in scalable wavelet-based coding of semiregular meshes. In this sense, it is shown that the commonly employed successive approximation quantization is an acceptable, but in general, not an optimal solution. Novel scalable intraband and composite mesh coding systems are proposed, following an information-theoretic analysis of the statistical dependencies between the coefficients. The wavelet subbands are independently encoded using octree-based coding techniques. Furthermore, context-based entropy coding employing either intraband or composite models is applied. The proposed codecs provide both resolution and quality scalability. This lies in contrast to the state-of-the-art interband zerotree-based semiregular mesh coding technique, which supports only quality scalability. Additionally, the experimental results show that, on average, the proposed codecs outperform the interband state-of-the-art for both normal and nonnormal meshes. Finally, compared with a zerotree coding system, the proposed coding schemes are better suited for software/hardware parallelism, due to the independent processing of wavelet subbands.
Intra-WZ quantization mismatch in distributed video coding

During the past decade, Distributed Video Coding (DVC) has emerged as a new video coding paradigm, shifting the complexity from the encoder - to the decoder-side. This paper addresses a problem of current DVC architectures that has not been studied in the literature so far, that is, the mismatch between the intra and Wyner-Ziv (WZ) quantization processes. Due to this mismatch, WZ rate is spent even for spatial regions that are accurately approximated by the side-information. As a solution, this paper proposes side-information generation using selective unidirectional motion compensation from temporally adjacent WZ frames. Experimental results show that the proposed approach yields promising WZ rate gains of up to 7% relative to the conventional method.
Robust motion vector coding and error concealment in MCTF-based video coding

Error resilience is of paramount importance in video transmission over variable-bandwidth error-prone channels, such as wireless channels. In this paper, we investigate the influence of corrupted motion vectors in video coding based on motion compensated temporal filtering, and develop various error resilience and concealment mechanisms for this class of codecs. The experimental results show that our proposed motion vector coding technique significantly increases the robustness against transmission errors at the cost of less than 3% in terms of rate. It is also shown that our proposed spatial error-concealment mechanism leads to performance gains of up to 6 dB in comparison to a classical slicing-based approach employing no error concealment.
HEVC-based video coding with lossless region of interest for telemedicine applications

This paper presents a novel video coding system based on High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) for telemedicine applications. The proposed system follows a two-layer design approach which employs the next-generation HEVC video compression standard for the base layer. The enhancement layer includes additional information for refining the quality of a user-defined region of interest (ROI) in each video frame. When the base layer and the enhancement layer are combined at the decoder side, the content in the ROI is losslessly reconstructed whereas the remaining part of the video frame is decoded at base layer quality. Performance evaluations are carried out using YCbCr 4:4:4 video sequences with mixed synthetic and medical contents. The proposed system demonstrates superior rate-distortion performance compared to HEVC intra encoding and achieves up to 3.15% bit-rate reduction compared to the proposed system without ROI support.
Symmetric Scalable Multiple Description Scalar Quantization

Real-time data delivery over best-effort error-prone packet networks has invigorated the study of robust coding schemes, such as scalable multiple description coding (SMDC). In this context, the paper introduces a novel generic symmetric scalable multiple description quantizer (SSMDSQ) which generates perfectly balanced source descriptions. Novel embedded index assignments are proposed which are used to realize high, as well as medium-to-low redundancy SSMDSQs. Compared to existing designs, it is shown that the proposed quantizer constructions exhibit superior distortion-rate (D-R) performance. Moreover, this paper describes an innovative extension of the Lloyd-Max algorithm in order to optimize symmetric and asymmetric scalable multiple description quantizers. For a family of Generalized Gaussian (GG) source distributions, the proposed optimization algorithm yields on average a significant D-R performance gain over unoptimized quantizers. Furthermore, anchored in the designed SSMDSQs, an SMDC framework is established to realize packet-based transmission over erasure channels. In this framework, transmission strategies are determined for scenarios wherein the average packet loss rate over the transmission link is (a) unknown and (b) can be estimated at the encoder. For both scenarios, SMDC packetized transmission is simulated for a family of GG distributions. Experimental results confirm that, compared to contemporary schemes, the designed quantizer constructions (with or without optimization) account for a significant average gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a wide range of packet loss rates.
Nucleotide genomic signal analysis

Nucleotide genomic signal (NGS) analysis reveals surprising regularities in the distribution of nucleotides and pairs of nucleotides, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These features of genomic sequences would be difficult to identify by using only standard symbolic sequence analysis. NGS analysis is also efficient in the analysis of local structural features, in particular for the study of pathogen variability. This is important for the molecular level detection of mutations that induce drug resistance, providing the clinician with information needed for fast and accurate decisions.
Improved intra mode signaling for HEVC

In the current development of HEVC, compression performance improved significantly compared to H.264/AVC for both inter pictures and intra pictures. With intra compression, the main reason for this improvement is the large increase in intra prediction directions (up to 34). The downside of having a larger number of modes is that they increase the signaling overhead in the bitstream. In this paper, a low complexity intra mode prediction algorithm is proposed which improves the mode prediction accuracy. This is achieved by exploiting the correlation between the prediction directions of the neighboring prediction units and that of the encoded prediction unit. As a result, more efficient intra mode signaling can be achieved with minimal impact on encoder and decoder complexity. On average, 0.33% bitrate improvement is obtained by employing the proposed algorithm. For sequences that are encoded with a high number of directional intra modes, around 1% bitrate improvement is measured.
Optimized erasure-resilient streaming of SVC using unequal error protection

This paper proposes a real-time optimized error resilient rate allocation methodology for streaming video encoded using the recently developed scalable extension of H.264/AVC. The proposed methodology takes into account the channel requirements and the end-device specifications, and jointly extracts and protects parts of the scalable video stream in order to achieve an optimized end-to-end quality. Moreover, the level of applied erasure protection is dynamically adapted to the importance of the transmitted information. A novel signaling mechanism for forwarding these different protection levels to the decoder is presented. This mechanism introduces a low bit rate overhead compared to previously proposed RTP formats. The experimental results show that unequal error protection slightly outperforms equal error protection in terms of achieved quality when the channel conditions are exactly known. Additionally, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed protection methodology yields graceful degradation in the presence of channel mismatches.
A probabilistic predictor for side information generation in distributed video coding

In distributed video coding, the quality of the side information is of critical importance for the compression performance of the entire system. This paper proposes a novel transform domain Wyner-Ziv video coding scheme performing hash-based overlapped block motion estimation at the decoder. In this framework, a novel method to optimally generate side information from a collection of side information candidates is presented. By adopting the side information dependent correlation noise paradigm and exploiting the information contained in the hash, average Bjøntegaard rate savings of up to 22.26% compared to previous techniques are reported. Moreover, the presented Wyner-Ziv coding scheme, incorporating the proposed side-information generation technique, achieves average Bjøntegaard rate savings of up to 11.18% compared to the state-of-the-art DISCOVER codec.
Segmentation-Driven Direction-Adaptive Discrete Wavelet Transform

This paper proposes a novel segmentation-driven direction-adaptive discrete wavelet transform (SD DADWT), wherein the adaptation of the directional wavelet bases is performed on the segments describing the natural geometry of the image. First, a multi-resolution segmentation of the image is performed, obtained through an Edgmentation procedure. The optimum lifting directions are then selected for each segment and at each resolution. The proposed SD DADWT retains the inherent advantages offered by a multiresolution representation of the geometric features in the image, and in the same time provides a sparse image representation via DADWT. Preliminary experimental results obtained in a coding application show that the visual quality of the reconstructed image can be further improved by applying a geometrically-oriented transform on segments that approximate the natural borders in the image.
L-infinite Coding of 3D Representations of Human Affect

Off-line scanning, coding, transmission and remote animation of the human affect represents a possible processing pipeline for providing 3D immersion in virtual worlds. In this paper we target applications that make use of compact and scalable 3D representations of human affect and require close control over the local error introduced by lossy coding of the mesh geometry. To satisfy this requirement, we propose a novel L-infinite wavelet-based semi-regular mesh coding system. The system lies in contrast with classical mesh coding approaches which make use of the L-2 distortion metric. Specifically, in contrast to an L-2 driven implementation, the proposed system provides a bound on the local error on each vertex resulting from scalar embedded quantization of the wavelet coefficients. The experiments show that the proposed system provides scalability in L-infinite sense and that it outperforms the state-of-the art in L-infinite mesh coding.
Wavelet-based scalable L-infinity-oriented compression

Among the different classes of coding techniques proposed in literature, predictive schemes have proven their outstanding performance in near-lossless compression. However, these schemes are incapable of providing embedded Linfin-oriented compression, or, at most, provide a very limited number of potential Linfin bit-stream truncation points. We propose a new multidimensional wavelet-based Linfin-constrained scalable coding framework that generates a fully embedded Linfin-oriented bit stream and that retains the coding performance and all the scalability options of state-of-the-art L2-oriented wavelet codecs. Moreover, our codec instantiation of the proposed framework clearly outperforms JPEG2000 in Linfin coding sense
Complex reliability evaluation of voters for fault tolerant designs

Hardware voters are bit voters computing a majority of n input bits. An m-out-of-n hardware bit voter is a circuit with n bit inputs, and 1 bit output y, such that y=1 if at least m-out-of-n inputs bits have the value 1. A hardware voter can be constructed as two level AND-OR (equivalently OR-AND and other structures) using CMOS VLSI technology. The goal of the paper is to present reliability estimations, failure modes and effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) of voting networks at the transistor level, in CMOS VLSl implementation. FMECA is performed using the functional tree of the system, representing the data flow from the lowest level functional block up to the higher level functional blocks. The main idea of this research is to identify the best designs of voting circuits in terms of reliability parameters and to identify their critical failures and effects.
Efficient Low-Delay Distributed Video Coding

Distributed video coding (DVC) is a video coding paradigm that allows for a low-complexity encoding process by exploiting the temporal redundancies in a video sequence at the decoder side. State-of-the-art DVC systems exhibit a structural coding delay since exploiting the temporal redundancies through motion-compensated interpolation requires the frames to be decoded out of order. To alleviate this problem, we propose a system based on motion-compensated extrapolation that allows for efficient low-delay video coding with low complexity at the encoder. The proposed extrapolation technique first estimates the motion field between the two most recently decoded frames using the Lucas-Kanade algorithm. The obtained motion field is then extrapolated to the current frame using an extrapolation grid. The proposed techniques are implemented into a novel architecture featuring hybrid block-frequency Wyner-Ziv coding as well as mode decision. Results show that having references from both temporal directions in interpolation provides superior rate-distortion performance over a single temporal direction in extrapolation, as expected. However, the proposed extrapolation method is particularly suitable for low-delay coding as it performs better than H.264/AVC intra, and it is even able to outperform the interpolation-based DVC codec from DISCOVER for several sequences.
Globally optimized multiview video color correction using dense spatio-temporal matching

Multiview video is becoming increasingly popular as the format for 3D video systems that use autostereoscopic displays or freeviewpoint navigation capabilities. However, the algorithms that drive these applications are not yet mature and can suffer from subtle irregularities such as color imbalances inbetween different cameras. Regarding the problem of color correction, state-of-the-art methods directly apply some form of histogram matching in blocks of pixels between an input frame and a target frame containing the desired color distribution. These methods, however, typically suffer from artifacts in the gradient domain, as they do not take into account local texture information. This paper presents a novel method to correct color differences in multiview video sequences that uses a dense matching-based global optimization framework. The proposed energy function ensures preservation of local structures by regulating deviations from the original image gradients.