nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Free-Standing Membrane Supported Superconducting Ti Transition Edge Sensor

Superconducting transition edge sensors (TES) based on a Ti microbridge on Si substrate have demonstrated a very low noise equivalent power. Their effective response time, however, is in the order of microseconds due to relatively high transition temperature (i.e., 300–400 mK) of the Ti microbridge, making it difficult to read out the signal of a large Ti TES array with a SQUID-based multiplexer. We propose a twin-slot antenna coupled superconducting Ti microbridge separated from the antenna feed and supported by a free-standing membrane. Its resistive transition (R-T) and current-voltage (I–V) curves are measured before and after KOH wet etching of the Si substrate underneath the Ti microbridge. The free-standing membrane supported Ti TES with a thickness of 40 nm shows slightly lower transition temperature and higher normal resistance. Its thermal conductance is reduced to ∼800 pW/K from ∼3000 pW/K. In addition, its effective response time measured with a current pulse signal is about 5 μs. The uniformity of the 8 × 8 TES array is studied by measuring the distribution of normal resistance and critical temperature. In order to improve the uniformity, we increase the Ti film thickness to 64 nm, and characterize its thermal and electrical features.
Research on Intelligent Level Evaluation System of Intelligent System

In order to answer whether there is any intelligence in intelligent systems and how much intelligence do they have if they do have some, we build an evaluation system to evaluate intelligent level of intelligent systems. We break the evaluation process down to system description, evaluation index distribution, distribution test, intelligence calculation, intelligent level estimation and evaluation results output. We use different intelligence arithmetic and gain different results, and then we apply analysis and design methods for intelligent systems to design the organizing layer, Corresponding layer and testing layer of the system and let them finish different evaluation assignments. Based on the amount of differential intelligence of a system computed from different testing items, we can answer how much intelligence a system has.
Some suggestions on the experimental teaching of the Compile Principle course

The experimental teaching has very important role in computer science and technology specialty, since it is an important factor in promoting the learning ability, and practical and innovative capability of students. Currently, experimental teaching has been studied in many courses such as programming courses, Data Structure and Software Engineering and so on. However, very little work has been done on the experimental teaching of Compile Principle course, the main reason may be that how to arrange its experimental teaching is very challenging issue. So, currently most Universities or Colleges only focus on its theoretical teaching, while its experimental teaching is usually ignored or is not emphasized. In this paper, we give some suggestions on how to arrange the experimental teaching, and meanwhile present our some strategies and give two illustrative examples: (1) Recognition of words by using the Finite Automaton induced by a regular grammar; (2) Judgment of the validity of “if … else… ”.
IEC 61850 Model Expansion Toward Distributed Fault Localization, Isolation, and Supply Restoration

In a smart-grid environment, more intelligent, distributed control devices will be deployed in the distribution network to significantly enhance reliability and flexibility. Distributed fault localization, isolation, and supply restoration (FLISR) are examples of such important applications. These devices need a standard model to share information with each other and support interoperability of intelligent electronic devices from different manufacturers. IEC 61850 has been developed as a series of standards to facilitate interoperability of substation automation systems (SAS). Earlier efforts focus on the application of IEC 61850 to a distributed FLISR system. However, the difference between SAS and FLISR has not been addressed. In this paper, an IEC 61850 model expansion toward a distributed FLISR system is proposed based on the requirement analysis of a variety of distributed FLISR modes. Moreover, a typical breaker-level switch-mode FLISR algorithm is studied as an example to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model. The correctness and security of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by the model checker and tested in an intelligent distribution simulation system.
Fast Local Histogram Specification

Local histogram specification (LHS) is a useful technique for image processing. However, LHS faces a critical computational challenge when it is applied to high-resolution high-precision images. The calculation of the values in the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the mapped value for the central pixel in each sliding window is time consuming with the computational complexity O(s + L) of the state-of-theart techniques, where s is the side length of the square window and L is the number of gray levels. In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm for LHS, called fast local histogram specification (FLHS). FLHS reduces the complexity of calculating the CDF value for the central pixel in each sliding window to O(s + √L), and the time complexity for the mapping procedure in each window to O(log L). This results in the overall time complexity of LHS reduced from O(s+L) to O(s+√L) in each sliding window. Theoretical analysis shows that the newly developed algorithm is efficient. Experimental results on the 8-bit and high-resolution high-precision (16-bit) images demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed algorithm.
Periodically gapped data spectral velocity estimation in medical ultrasound using spatial and temporal dimensions

Modern medical ultrasound scanners estimate blood velocity distribution by computing the spectrogram of a temporal data sequence, typically using periodogram methods which require long observation windows. Furthermore, an additional B-mode image is often displayed, resulting in gaps in the data at B-mode emissions. We propose a data-adaptive velocity estimator for periodically gapped (PG) data that extends PG-Capon and PG-APES by using two dimensional spatial and temporal data to estimate a one dimensional spectrum. We show through realistic flow simulations that our method improves spectral resolution and reduces leakage in comparison to PG-Capon, PG-APES, and correlogram based gapped data velocity estimators, potentially increasing the maximum detectable velocity and temporal resolution of blood flow using ultrasound.
Research on the Method of Demodulation for PCM/FM Signal Based on Instantaneous Frequency Measurement

Based on the theory of instantaneous frequency measurement, a method of demodulation for PCM/FM signal with Doppler frequency offset is presented. Firstly, through estimating Doppler frequency offset by instantaneous frequency measurement, the method corrects the frequency offset of PCM/FM signal and improves the precision of bit synchronization. Then, according to the relation between two adjacent points of bit synchronization, it realizes demodulation. The paper discusses the basic principle and the implementation of the method, analyses some factors that can affect the precision of instantaneous frequency measurement and the effect of Doppler frequency offset on demodulation, and proposes methods to improve the precision of instantaneous frequency measurement and the performance of demodulation. The results of computer simulation show that the method with a bright future for application is good at anti-jamming, better than other methods of demodulation and convenient to be realized by software and DSP
A simple quasi-optical design for LO coupling at THz bands

A simple quasi-optical design for LO coupling in the quasi-optical heterodyne system has been described. Due to the limited LO power available at THz bands, it is of great importance to achieve high efficiency LO power coupling to the mixer. Two elliptical mirror have been employed to couple the LO power to the SIS mixer. Measurement at nearly 500GHz shows such configuration is sufficient to pump a long junction SIS mixer.
Research on the Law of the Lunar Orbit Relay Satellite Tracking the User Satellite

The successful accomplishment of the Moon exploration project will not be achieved without the support of the lunar orbit relay satellite, and while the law of the lunar orbit relay satellite tracking the user satellite is an important researching aspect. In this paper, a mathematical model based on law of the lunar orbit relay satellite tracking the user satellite is established firstly, and then the tracking law is deduced from four aspects, namely the space location of the satellite, the transformation from selenocentric equatorial coordinate system to satellite orbital coordinate system, the transformation from satellite orbital coordinate system to satellite body coordinate system, and the calculation of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the lunar relay satellite's antenna that points to user satellite. On the basis of this, a visible judgment criterion of the lunar orbit relay satellite and the user satellite is proposed. Finally, a program is written based on the MATLAB, the validity of the tracking law is verified and visual simulation curve is obtained by inputting the parameters in the GUI.
Development of a high resolution micro-spectrophotometer for biochemical analyzer based on virtual instrument and linear CCD

In this paper, a kind of high performance-to-price ratio (PPR)micro-spectrophotometer(MSP) for bio-chemical analyzer (BCA) has been successfully designed and researched. In the MSP system, the plane grating are adopted as the dispersion device, Czerny — Turner(C-T) monochrometer as the split-beam system of the MSP. Meanwhile, high resolution linear charge coupled devices(CCD) and high-speed PCI data acquisition(DAQ) card are used to design the spectral acquisition, measurement and analysis system. In addition, the virtual instrument (VI) technology based on LabVIEW is taken full advantage to design a virtual-MSP software platform to control the spectrum acquisition and data analysis. Experimental results show that this MSP's spectral range can reach 200–800nm, and its wavelength resolution reach 1nm. Especially, in the ultra-violet(UV) waveband and visible-light waveband, it can realize the detection of the absorbance is larger than 1000. Compared with other same types, the performances and functions of this MSP system have been much improved, and, it has the advantages of back-split-light technology and multichannel parallel analysis, etc. Therefore, it has the potential values in the bio-chemical research or industrial application fields.
An Embedded High Performance Ultrasonic Signal Processing Subsystem

We have developed an Embedded Ultrasound Signal Processing (EUSP) subsystem which has the capability to process ultrasound signals of B mode, color flow and spectrum Doppler in real-time. The system consists of four high performance digital signal processors (DSPs), TMS320VC6416, and other peripherals such as FIFOs and SDRAMs. It can provide very high data throughputs and up to 19200MIPS of computation capability. By using the DSP/BIOS, a real-time operating kernel provided by TI, and DSP software implementation from our specific ultrasound signal and image processing algorithms we can achieve up to 34 frames per second in B/Color mode, with the B mode input image being 257 by 512 (before the scan conversion) and color flow input signal being 59 by 512 by 16. Real-time in vivo images in different image modes have been obtained by integrating the EUSP into a digital ultrasound scanner designed and made in our laboratory.
Emergency-Oriented Spatiotemporal Trajectory Pattern Recognition by Intelligent Sensor Devices

This paper presents an emergency-oriented procedure to recognize trajectory patterns by analyzing GPS data collected from intelligent sensor devices. An overall description, including design architecture and system modules, is presented. The primary issues are devoted to satisfying the requirements of key group identification and surveillance under normal and emergency circumstance. For the sake of panoramic understanding of human distribution and movement, semantic trajectory information is extracted from dynamic transportation data and static human distribution data. The sequential Monte Carlo method in conjunction with a state-transition model is employed to predict the updating real-time locations. The proposed algorithm selects particles from time-stamped sequential historical data sets. Simultaneously, a resampling strategy is developed to replace low-weight particles. A curve similarity measurement called Fréchet distance is employed to compare trajectories and city roads. Afterward, human daily location and significant locations are identified based on the clustering method. To evaluate the proposed procedure and methods, sequential trajectory data sets come from the GeoLife project along with human distribution logs from smartphone application EMAPP are utilized. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of dealing location information for promoting emergency management.
Design and Implementation of 500KV Power Grid Running Centralized Control Center

EHV centralized control center is the development trend of the power system in the future. In this paper, we mainly introduce the design of the computer monitoring system, the remote video monitoring systems, and the channel configuration and the system communication scheme of Hunan 500 KV power grid running centralized control center. The successful design and operation of this centralized control center provide an important reference for the following EHV centralized control center building of the other regions of China. Our design not only makes the unattended mode of 500 KV substations in the province into reality, but also satisfies the "intensive" development needs of the power system.
A fast new one-way cryptographic hash function

This paper proposes a novel Coupled Integer Tent Mapping System-based cryptographic one-way hashing algorithm termed as THA. THA compresses a message of arbitrary length into a fingerprint of 160 bits. The algorithm adopts a piece-wise message expansion scheme. Compared with SHA-1 message expansion, the message expansion scheme has enhanced the degree of nonlinear diffusion of the message expansion, and thus increases the computation efficiency. In addition, the integer tent map replaces the traditional logic functions as the major nonlinear component of compression function, and so the scheme has ideal properties of diffusion and confusion. Furthermore, the parallel iteration structure is adopted in the compression functions, which is advantageous to high speed parallel operation of software and hardware.
Application and study of wavelet transform in the QR code image preprocessing

Noise is Inevitable in QR code image's capturing, In order to achieve very good noise cancellation as well as maintaining image details. Preprocessing in the QR code image is becoming more and more important. In the paper, we use a new wavelet threshold denoising method to the QR code image and get an appropriate coefficient to leseen or enlarge the high frequency wavelet coefficients and the threshold. The results show that this proposed method is better than the hard and soft threshold image denoising method. And this proposed method can also improve coding efficiency and accuracy.
Study on power transformers fault diagnosis based on Fuzzy Kernel C-Means Clustering and Dempster-Shafer theory fusion method

Because of the compactness characteristics of oil-immersed transformer fault, a model of oil-immersed transformer fault diagnosis is based on the collaborative method of Fuzzy Kernel C-Means Clustering (FKCM) and multi-source information data fusion. The basic idea is that the trained samples are clustered first by using FKCM, then a Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidential theory Fusion method is used to train the chose samples, the simulation result shows that the above method can effectively diagnose the transformer fault condition. Two kinds of data fusion methods are given in this paper, which are compared in the transformer fault diagnosis.
Preserving the Relationship Privacy of the published social-network data based on Compressive Sensing

With the constant increase of social-network data published, the privacy preservation becomes more and more important. Although some literature algorithms apply K-anonymity to the relational data to prevent an adversary from significantly perpetrating privacy breaches, the inappropriate choice of K has a big impact on the quality of privacy protection and data utility. We propose a technique named Relationship Privacy Preservation based on Compressive Sensing (RPPCS) in this paper to anonymize the relationship data of social networks. The network links are randomized from the recovery of the random measurements of the sparse relationship matrix to both preserve the privacy and data utility. Two comprehensive sets of real-world relationship data on social networks are applied to evaluate the performance of our anonymization technique. Our performance evaluations based on Collaboration Network and Gnutella Network demonstrate that our scheme can better preserve the utility of the anonymized data compared to peer schemes. Privacy analysis shows that our scheme can resist the background knowledge attack.
Aperiodic Optimal Linear Estimation for Networked Systems With Communication Uncertainties

The aperiodic optimal linear estimator design problem is investigated in this paper for networked systems with communication uncertainties, including delays and data losses, where the sampling and estimation are nonuniform and asynchronous. Based on the idea of measurement fusion, two approaches are proposed to design the aperiodic estimators, and it is shown that the estimator is equivalent to that designed by the measurement augmentation method in performance. Moreover, the estimation performance is improved by using a newly proposed measurement retransmission scheme as compared with the commonly used hold-input and zero-input schemes, by which the lost measurements are never used once they are lost.
Edge-Based Inpainting and Texture Synthesis for Image Compression

Towards visual quality rather than pixel-wise fidelity, we propose an image coding scheme integrated with edge-based in-painting and texture synthesis. In this scheme, an original image is analyzed at encoder side so that some blocks are removed during encoding. The edges related to these removed blocks will be compressed and transmitted. At decoder side, we propose an image restoration method, which consists of edge-based in-painting and texture synthesis, in order to fully utilize the transmitted edges and naturally restore the removed blocks. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve up to 32% bit-rate saving at similar visual quality levels, compared with H.264/AVC intra coding.
Frequency Compounding for Ultrasound Freehand Elastography

Ultrasound elastography is the technique of obtaining the tissue relative stiffness information, which plays an important role in early diagnosis. Conventional elastography computes the strain from the gradient of the displacement estimates between gated pre- and post-compression echo signals. Although elastography has been proven to be a potential diagnosis tool for breast/prostate tumor, vascular stiffening and hepatocirrhosis diseases, the application of frequency compounding in elastography to reduce coherent artifact of elastic imaging has rarely been reported. In this paper, a new method called Transmit-side Frequency Compounding for Elastography (TSEC) is proposed, which involves using weighted compounding of different frequency sub-elastograms. The sub-elastograms are formed from the corresponding probe center frequency echo signal pairs reflected from the tissue ROI. Due to the frequency dependent reflection process, these sub-elastograms should have different speckle pattern. Upon compounding these sub-elastograms, the amount of speckle in the resultant strain image is reduced. The effect of TSFC are investigated through phantom experiments, which confirms the reduction in strain image artifact is accomplished with no sacrifice of real-time ultrasonic imaging as well as a measurable improvement in SNRe and CNRe.
Estimation of Ultrasound Attenuation and its Application to Tissue Heterogeneity Study Using Nonlinear Least Square Data Fitting

The aim of this paper is to provide a local attenuation method with applications to tissue heterogeneity estimation based on the peaks of ultrasound echo envelop data. To handle the frequency shift in the broadband ultrasound system, we use nonlinear least squares (NLS) data fitting directly to the local amplitude changes due to the tissue attenuation. By looking at the convergence of the NLS method, e.g., the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, we proposed a technique to test the tissue heterogeneity locally. System calibrations have been presented to compensate the aperture growth and beam diffraction effects. Algorithms have been verified both in phantom and in vivo images. Results showed that the proposed method can have 3.8% relative error in estimating attenuation coefficients of phantom images in a broadband system. It also showed the possible tissue heterogeneity from in vivo image.
Optimal Content Placement for Offloading in Cache-Enabled Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Caching at base stations (BSs) is a promising way to offload traffic and eliminate backhaul bottleneck in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this paper, we investigate the optimal content placement maximizing the successful offloading probability in a cache- enabled HetNet where a tier of multi-antenna macro BSs (MBSs) is overlaid with a tier of helpers with caches. Based on probabilistic caching framework, we resort to stochastic geometry theory to derive the closed-form successful offloading probability and formulate the caching probability optimization problem, which is not concave in general. In two extreme cases with high and low user-to-helper density ratios, we obtain the optimal caching probability and analyze the impacts of BS density and transmit power of the two tiers and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold. In general case, we obtain the optimal caching probability that maximizes the lower bound of successful offloading probability and analyze the impact of user density. Simulation and numerical results show that when the ratios of MBS-to-helper density, MBS-to-helper transmit power and user-to- helper density, and the SINR threshold are large, the optimal caching policy tends to cache the most popular files everywhere.
Approaches to quadratic stability conditions and H∞ control designs for T-S fuzzy systems

In this paper, the problems of quadratic stability conditions and H/sub /spl infin// control designs for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems have been studied. First, a new quadratic stability condition, which is more simple than that in a previous paper, has been proposed. Second, two new sufficient conditions in the terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which guarantee the existence of the state feedback H/sub /spl infin// control for the T-S fuzzy systems have been proposed. The conditions are not only simple but also consider the interactions among the fuzzy subsystems. Finally, based on the LMIs, the H/sub /spl infin// controller designing methods for the T-S fuzzy systems have been given.