nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
On-wafer probing measurement and optimization of MIM capacitors for integrated passive device application

With wireless applications flourish like mobile phone, consumer end products must tend to small form factor development. More functions, less dimension, and high integration are future technology trend in chip package development roadmap. Integrated Passive Device (IPD) has these advantages in SiP and 3DIC applications. IPD technology can integrated more passive circuits/components in one IPD die and reduce SMD components in SiP module. This can reduce SMD components quantity and assembly cost then increase SiP profit margin. In 3DIC field, IPD can be implemented in Silicon interposer to increase signal integrity. In this paper, we use Agilent ADS Momentum and EMpro to design and simulate MIM capacitors and use SPIL IPD process to implement these capacitors. From on-wafer probing measurement results, we can provide good performance capacitors using in wireless applications.
On subscription admission control for network service provision

We consider a novel multiclass subscription admission control network service problem, where the decision maker has complete knowledge of duration and resource requirement of incoming subscription requests. We model it as discounted MDP problem, and prove structural results. In a given state, if it is optimal to admit a certain class, then it is also optimal to admit a more or equally profitable class in a corresponding state. However the optimal policy does not exhibit a structure leading to a simpler implementation of the policy and we numerically solve the finite-state discounted dynamic programming equation using policy iteration algorithm for a two-class problem. We compare the optimal policy with approximate greedy and threshold policies, which are simpler to implement. Computational results for small sizes of the problem suggest that they perform very close to the optimal policy.
Comments on "MRC performance for M-ary modulation in arbitrarily correlated Nakagami fading channels"

Using the results in the article by Win et al. (see ibid., vol.4, no.10, p.301-3, Oct. 2000) regarding the maximal ratio combiner for correlated Nakagami-m fading channels, we provide a simple analytic proof, applicable to a general class of modulation schemes, that uncorrelated branches result in a lower symbol error probability than do correlated branches.
Cross-Entropy optimization for sensor selection problems

In this paper, we apply the Cross-Entropy optimization (CEO) to the problem of selecting k sensors from a set of m sensors for the purpose of minimizing the error in parameter estimation. The computational complexity of finding an optimal subset through exhaustive search can grow exponentially with the numbers (m and k) of sensors. The CEO is a generalized Monte Carlo technique to solve combinatorial optimization problems. The CEO method updates its parameters from the superior samples at the previous iterations. The performance of proposed CEO-based sensor selection algorithm is better than existing sensor selection algorithm, and its effectiveness is verified through simulation results.
III–V/Si Vernier-Ring Comb Lasers (VRCLs)

We present a novel reconfigurable comb laser design that enables channel sparing, and demonstrate its functionality in a III-V/Si external cavity configuration. The laser is comprised of a single shared tunable Si ring mirror Vernier-paired with an array of tunable channel ring filters each coupled to their respective reflective semiconductor optical amplifier. This comb laser is not only tunable, capable of shifting all comb lines together, but it is flexible, able to change the spacing of channels in the comb within a fixed grid defined by the ring mirror. This flexibility results in features not previously demonstrated in a comb, such as mixed channel spacing and channel sparing capability. This is a practical candidate for flexible, scalable wavelength division multiplexed links targeting the next generation of data centers for the cloud.
Optimizing Data Transmission Power for ARQ Energy Efficiency under Imperfect CSI

In this paper, we study the issue of optimizing the data transmission power (energy per symbol) for minimizing the expected energy required to successfully deliver a packet to the destination in a wireless point-to-point link through automatic repeat request (ARQ). We focus on the system that has a slow fading wireless channel and employs a pilot symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM) scheme along with a channel estimation scheme based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. We derive the expected energy as a function of the data transmission power. Then, we derive a closed-form expression of the data transmission power that minimizes that function.
Efficient symbol detection in Multi-Device STBC-MIMO System

In this paper, we present an iterative algorithm for detecting symbols at the receiver side in a Multi-Device (MD) STBC-MIMO System. We find that this algorithm has good performance especially at a low SNR region in rank-deficient MIMO systems. A multi-device system is a good example of a rank deficient system because the total number of transmit antennas are greater than the number of receive antennas. The detection problem is known to be NP-Hard. Exhaustive search for finding an optimal detection (Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection) has a computational complexity that increases exponentially with the number of mobile devices, transmit antennas per mobile device, and the number of bits per symbols. We apply Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) to detecting symbols in a rank-deficient MD-STBC-MIMO system. The proposed EDA detector finds a nearly optimal solution in real time and also requires very low amount of computation as compared to the ML (exhaustive search) and Sphere Decoder (SD). The effectiveness of EDA is verified through simulation results.
Evaluation of low frequency communication techniques for load phase identification

This is a discussion on the process of implementing a system for power line communication (PLC). A PLC system is desired as it will allow for phase identification of the load and the transmission of data from the load to a central receiver. There are two main processes in a PLC system: a communications protocol and signal coupling. The communications protocol involves the methodology employed for successful communication between the load and the receiver. Signal coupling involves coupling the communication signal onto the power line at the load and off of the power line at the receiver. A successful implementation of these two processes will establish a system for PLC. The methodology employed for communication between devices is frequency shift keying (FSK). FSK will allow for low frequency operation with minimal attenuation. There are various coupling strategies that are presented for discussion. It is found that magnetically coupling a communication signal should be avoided and that a directly coupled signal generator should be implemented.
Recursive square-root ladder estimation algorithms

Recursive least-square ladder estimation algorithms have attracted much attention recently because of their excellent convergence behavior and fast parameter tracking capability. We present some recently developed square-root normalized ladder form algorithms that have fewer storage requirements, and lower computational requirements than the unnormalized ones. A Hilbert space approach to the derivations of the normalized recursions is presented. Computer simulation results show that the normalized forms have the same convergence behavior, but even better numerical properties than the unnormalized versions. Other normalized forms, such as joint process estimators and ARMA (pole-zero) models, will also be presented. Applications of these algorithms to fast (or "zero") startup equalizers, adaptive noise- and echo cancellers and inverse models for control problems are also discussed.
Manufacturable hybrid silicon array laser source using an interposer based back-end-of-the-line integration

We report a silicon interposer based 1×4 external-cavity hybrid III-V/Si laser array using a manufacturable back-end-of-the-line integration. All channels are individually-tunable and wavelength-stabilized with a threshold current of 14mA, output powers of >3mW, over 35dB side mode suppression ratio and less then 46kHz linewidth.
Parallel flow computation with domain based SOR type interface preconditioner

Parallel flow computation is studied in this work via domain based SOR type interface preconditioner. The relaxation can be applied to all subproblems and the interface problems. Furthermore, the setup of the interface problem can be accelerated on the interior boundary conditions as well. Investigations in various relaxation parameters and combination of mixing strategy are conducted on the basic Newton-SOR-Schwarz method and over-relaxed interface preconditioner as well. The observed numerics and dynamics indicates that the hybrid perform better than both parent methods in convergence and also in accuracy. It is noticed that this occurred in both three dimensional and two dimensional vortex flow; and three dimensional travelling wave. The experimental results shown here can be useful in more general practical applications.
Weighted round robin packet scheduler using relative service share

In this paper, we propose a new weighted round robin (WRR) algorithm for fixed length packets. Two well-known algorithms in the scheduling discipline are the packet-by-packet generalized processor sharing (PGPS) and the worst-case fair weighted fair queueing (WF/sup 2/Q). The WF/sup 2/Q has been suggested to eliminate the PGPS burstiness problem exhibited in a flow packet departure process. To the best of our knowledge, the smallest delay bound in the modification approaches of WRR was acquired from emulating the WF/sup 2/Q algorithm. Our proposed algorithm determines the packet service sequence without emulating the WF/sup 2/Q, which results in a low implementation complexity. The proposed scheduling algorithm also guarantees to a flow having a backlog continuous at a node that the departure time of each packet in that flow is no later than that in the GPS discipline.
Axial Magnetic Bearing Development for the BiVACOR Rotary BiVAD/TAH

A suspension system for the BiVACOR biventricular assist device (BiVAD) has been developed and tested. The device features two semi-open centrifugal impellers mounted on a common rotating hub. Flow balancing is achieved through the movement of the rotor in the axial direction. The rotor is suspended in the pump casings by an active magnetic suspension system in the axial direction and a passive hydrodynamic bearing in the radial direction. This paper investigates the axial movement capacity of the magnetic bearing system and the power consumption at various operating points. The force capacity of the passive hydrodynamic bearing is investigated using a viscous glycerol solution. Axial rotor movement in the range of ±0.15 mm is confirmed and power consumption is under 15.5 W. The journal bearing is shown to stabilize the rotor in the radial direction at the required operating speed. Magnetic levitation is a viable suspension technique for the impeller of an artificial heart to improve device lifetime and reduce blood damage.
Interference-aware joint user selection and quantised power control schemes for uplink cognitive multiple-input multiple-output system

The authors investigate the interference-aware joint secondary user (SU) selection/scheduling and quantised power control (JSUS-QPC) schemes for the uplink communication in the cognitive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. The main objective of JSUS-QPC is to maximise the sum-rate capacity of the cognitive MIMO uplink communication system under the constraint that the interference to the primary user (PU) is below a specified level. The computational complexity of finding an optimal JSUS-QPC scheme by exhaustive search grows exponentially with the number of users and power levels. The authors also show that the JSUS-QPC is a non-deterministic polynomial-time hard problem and present two low-complexity algorithms for JSUS-QPC problem. Also, the effect of different system parameters (e.g. interference threshold level, the number of PUs, the number of SUs, the number of quantised power levels, etc.) on the performance of the proposed algorithms is examined. The proposed algorithms have low computational complexity, and their effectiveness is verified through simulation results.
An efficient relay assignment scheme for multiuser cognitive radio networks with discrete power control

In this paper, we present a binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO)-based low-complexity interference aware relay assignment scheme for multiple-user cognitive radio networks with discrete power control. We consider a network of cognitive radio nodes comprising single source, multiple relays and multiple destinations. For this system, we formulate an optimization problem to allocate power to source and relays and assign the relays to the destinations. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear program. Then, we show that the formulation can be reduced into a simpler integer programming problem. Then, we propose a BPSO-based relay assignment scheme to attain a good suboptimal solution to this integer programming problem. The proposed scheme has low computational complexity, and simulation results show that its performance is close to the optimal exhaustive search algorithm.
High-speed electrical design study for 3D-IC packaging technology

As the advance of the packaging technology for the electrical consuming demands, it requires for more functions or increasing the density of devices within a smaller space. By the capabilities of the 3D-IC technology, it could support a design included smaller size, high-speed and multi-functions. One of the 3D-IC techs, the stacking with Through-Silicon-Via (TSV), plays a very important role. It shortens the path, and hence, increases the bandwidth of the device. In this study, we evaluate the TSV effects in usual high-speed electrical designs. There are two issues, the impedance-control and isolation. By using the EM simulation solver, we estimate the performances of different designed models about these two issues. And, this result should have the benefits for the development on the designs in the interposer substrates used for 3D-IC technology.
Online learning of a full body push recovery controller for omnidirectional walking

Bipedal humanoid robots are inherently unstable to external perturbations, especially when they are walking on uneven terrain in the presence of unforeseen collisions. In this paper, we present a push recovery controller for position-controlled humanoid robots which is tightly integrated with an omnidirectional walk controller. The high level push recovery controller learns to integrate three biomechanically motivated push recovery strategies with a zero moment point based omnidirectional walk controller. Reinforcement learning is used to map the robot walking state, consisting of foot configuration and onboard sensory information, to the best combination of the three biomechanical responses needed to reject external perturbations. Experimental results show how this online method can stabilize an inexpensive, commercially-available DARwin-OP small humanoid robot.
State-space structures of ladder canonical forms

LADder form MOdeling (LADMO) is attracting an increasing amount of interest. The use of ladder forms (also referred to as lattice filters) is growing in the area of estimation, system identification, signal processing and related applications. While the advantages offered by ladder form implementations are by now quite well known, very little attention has been paid in the literature to the properties of the ladder forms from a system theoretic point of view.
Adaptive motion planning with high-dimensional mixture models

This paper presents a novel adaptive approach to fast sampling-based motion planning by learning models of collision and collision-free regions in configuration spaces in an online manner. The proposed approach incrementally learns Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) for collision detection in high dimensional configuration spaces. In practical applications for robotic manipulation, the representation of collision and collision-free regions in configuration space can change due to relative motion between the robot base and workspace. We show how to rapidly adapt to such changes by using inverse kinematics to transform the parameters of the Gaussian mixture model to new configurations. The transformed model is initially used as a prior and then continually updated and refined as the RRT planning algorithm proceeds in real-time. This approach is extremely computationally efficient, and our proposed method is compared with traditional sampling-based planning methods on a number of experimental robot arm planning scenarios.
Thermal, electrical, mechanical analysis and validation of new package TLA developed by UTAC

IC packaging solution with high reliability, low cost, Hi-density I/O and high thermal, electrical and mechanical performance is critical to keep up with the trend of smaller footprint and better performance of IC die. UTAC's evolutionary leadless package, the TLA™ (Thermal Leadless Array), the next generation in leadframe packaging was subjected to comprehensive thermal, electrical, mechanical analysis according to industrial standards. TLA utilizes the best aspects of UTAC's developed LPCC™/QFN and TAPP® technology. This new technology achieves up to 75% reduction (compared to QFP package) in board area as well as dramatically reducing total signal and wire lengths. At a lower cost per I/O than traditional wire bonded packages, the TLA has the highest I/O count per body size in a lead frame based package. The TLA is able to replace QFPs, BGAs, large body and dual Row QFNs, QFPs, FPBGAs, MCM and SiP. This paper presents the detailed thermal, electrical and mechanical analysis and experimental results of the UTAC's TLA. The author states the overview of the analysis methodology in the introduction. It is then followed by detailed explanation of analysis and results in all rounded aspect including thermal, electrical and mechanical. The TLA overall performance is generally better or comparable to the targeted predecessor TLLGA+. It also passed the board level reliability test in accordance to JEDEC standards and the internal qualifications are currently in good progress.
Hemodynamic effects of synchronizing an intra-aortic VAD in reverse-rotation control with left ventricle: A mock loop study

The IntraVAD is an intra-aortic left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to be located in the ascending aorta. In order to enhance unloading and promote coronary flow for the left ventricle (LV), an operating mechanism, reverse-rotation control (RRc) mode, has been developed for the IntraVAD and tested in vitro in a mock circulation loop (MCL). The RRc mode consists of forward rotation (FR) and reverse rotation (RR). The synchronization between the IntraVAD and the LV was studied to offload the ventricle more effectively and to improve myocardial perfusion. The percentage time length of the FR period in the cardiac cycle (Tlf) and time offset between the central-lines of the FR period and the LV systole (Toc) are two parameters of the RRc mode that were varied to adjust the synchronization between the IntraVAD and the LV. The ejection fraction (EF), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), and arterial pulsatility index (API) were measured at different Tlf and Toc values. These hemodynamic results closely correlated to the LV unloading, coronary perfusion, and peripheral arterial pulsatility. The EF, CPP and API were fed into a weighted normalized scalar (WNS) which was implemented to comprehensively evaluate the hemodynamic influence. The WNS result shows that the overall hemodynamic response is more sensitive to the changes in Toc value than Tlf value. The result shows a significant reduction in LV afterload by starting the FR before LV contraction, then switching to RR at the onset of ventricular dilation. The optimal phase shift of -π/5 was found to precede LV contraction, indicating that changes in LV afterload are more sensitive to the phase shift at the start of the ventricular systole than at the end. Thus, a phase advance between intra-aortic pumps and the LV is critical to unload the ventricle and promote myocardial recovery.
Integration of Explicit Effective-Bandwidth-Based QoS Routing With Best-Effort Routing

This paper presents a methodology for protecting low-priority best-effort (BE) traffic in a network domain that provides both virtual-circuit routing with bandwidth reservation for QoS traffic and datagram routing for BE traffic. When a QoS virtual circuit is established, bandwidths amounting to the traffic's effective bandwidths are reserved along the links. We formulate a new QoS-virtual-circuit admission control and routing policy that sustains a minimum level of BE performance. In response to a QoS connection request, the policy executes a two-stage optimization. The first stage seeks a minimum-net-effective-bandwidth reservation path that satisfies a BE protecting constraint; the second stage is a tie-breaking rule, selecting from tied paths one that least disturbs BE traffic. Our novel policy implementation efficiently executes both optimization stages simultaneously by a single run of Dijkstra's algorithm. According to simulation results, within a practical operating range, the consideration that our proposed policy gives to the BE service does not increase the blocking probability of a QoS connection request.
Symbol-by-symbol CDMA spreading gain adaptation and detection using OVSF sequences

We present a spreading gain adaptation protocol between a transmitter and a receiver communicating with each other through a direct-sequence spread spectrum system. This protocol does not require the transfer of an explicit control message indicating the change of spreading gain from the transmitter to the receiver. Also, according to this protocol, the transmitter can change the spreading gain "symbol by symbol" (SBS) as opposed to "frame by frame" (FBF); this enables extremely fast adaptation to the time-varying wireless channel and/or to the rate variation of the traffic. The proposed scheme uses the orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes to enable the receiver to detect the spreading gain used by the transmitter. Our analysis indicates that fast adaptation can significantly improve the average throughput over a slow or no adaptation.
Joint transmit and receive antenna selection using a probabilistic distribution learning algorithm in MIMO systems

In this paper, we present a real-time low-complexity joint transmit and receive antenna selection (JTRAS) algorithm. The computational complexity of finding an optimal JTRAS by exhaustive search grows exponentially with the number of transmit and receive antennas. The proposed Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) is resorts to probabilistic distribution learning evolutionary computation. EDA updates its chosen population at each iteration on the basis of the probability distribution learned from the population of superior candidate solutions chosen at the previous iterations. The proposed EDA has a low computational complexity and can find a nearly optimal solution in real time. Beyond applying the general EDA to JTRAS, we also present a specific improvement to EDA, which reduces computation time by generating cyclic shifted initial population. The proposed EDA for JTRAS has a low computational complexity, and its effectiveness is verified through simulation results.