nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating a silicone airway model to mimic an obstructed airway and measuring the frequency response of sound emitted

We can increase our diagnostic ability for obstructed sleep apnea by creating an artificial airway model then measure its frequency responses. This research involved the creation of a silicone head model with anatomically correct nasopharynx, oropharynx, and trachea. Measurements were taken without any obstruction and that served as the baseline in our testing. We also modeled an obstructed airway by significantly decreasing the airflow through the trachea. The head model was connected to a respiratory pump simulating inhalation and exhalation of a human.
Energy-efficient coordinated multi-point transmission for centralized power wireless private TD-LTE network

This paper proposes and evaluates the energy-efficient Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission schemes for centralized power wireless private TD-LTE network to utilize the limited radio frequency resources to satisfy the explosively increasing data traffic demands in Smart Grid. Centralized architecture is introduced to implement the power wireless private TD-LTE network. Energy-efficient CoMP transmissions are modeled as optimization problems and solved by proposed methods. Simulation results are given to evaluate and compare the performance of transmission schemes.
Design of a Flexible Manipulator controller Based on Input-output Linearization

Basing on input-output linearization strategy, a model of the flexible manipulator can be decomposed into an input-output subsystem and a zero-dynamics subsystem. A fuzzy control is used to input-output subsystem. By analyzing the relationship between the eigenvalues of the zero-dynamics subsystem and the designed parameters in the output of the redefined system, the designed parameters are determined, and guarantee the zero-dynamics to be asymptotically stable at equilibrium point, thus guarantee the whole flexible manipulator system to be asymptotically stable.
The application of optimal control in the constant-speed control of rotary screen rack

Aiming to the defects in the traditional speed-control of rotary screen rack, such as poor dynamic performance, poor noise immunity, untimely regulation and strong dependence on personnel and experience and so on, this paper proposes a linear quadratic regulator with status feedback, which was used in the constant-speed control of LHG type rotary screen rack. It can be easily and quickly solve Riccati equation by using Matlab software to get the optimal state feedback gain matrix. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is obviously superior to the unit negative feedback control method in dynamic performance, noise immunity and steady precision.
Recognition of Alternative Splice Sites Based on Discrete Cosine Transform Learned by SVM with the Mixed Pseudo-Image Coding Method

With the development of bioinformatics and the nearing completion of the Human Genome Project, the task of optimizing the methods of gene sequencing is becoming more and more signi&#64257;cant. Alternative splicing, which plays an important role in regulating gene expression, widespreads in eukaryote genes. So developing a better analysis algorithm for the recognition of alternative splicing sites is a matter of great urgency. In this paper, we developed an accurate alternative splice sites identi&#64257;cation algorithm based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) learned by support vector machines (SVM) using maximum-margin principle. And we also developed a new pseudo-image coding method mixed with one-dimensional coding method and two-dimensional coding method. Experiment results demonstrate that this new approach can achieve better or similar performance for alternative splice sites recognition than other methods.
Initiation of a typical network secondary manhole event

Manhole events in secondary network systems can evolve in many ways; however, the most common starting point is SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) or butyl rubber cable, typically with a neoprene jacket, which has been aged thermally (as a result of excessive loading) to the point that cracks have formed all the way to the conductor. One of the authors has seen multiple examples of such cable removed from several secondary networks. When such cable is combined with "dirt" and relatively conductive water (often salty water), tracking is likely to form across the insulation and jacket between cracks which expose the conductor in adjacent phases. "Dirt" in the duct helps bridge any gaps between adjacent phases and also holds the conductive water, which extends the time during which dry band tracking occurs between the exposed conductors. At 208 V phase-tophase, a carbonized track will form very readily with one or a few exposures to small amounts of conductive water, and electrical activity will continue until voltage is removed between the phases. Past work and field experience suggest that under such conditions, the jacket and insulation will burn (if sufficient oxygen is present) or pyrolyze (if not), with decomposition of the polymeric insulation and jacket moving down the cable in the direction of air flow in the duct at a speed in the range of 1 mm/ second .
Research on VRP of Optimization Based on Improved Two Phase Algorithm under Electronic Commerce

With the rapid development of electronic commerce, as one of bottlenecks of electronic commerce development, the logistic distribution arouses wide attention. Vehicle routing problem (VRP) plays key role in logistic distribution system. The logistic distribution under electronic commerce environment has the character of dispersive customer positions, large order forms, little batches and many repeated routes. The traditional optimizing route methods meet with diversified problems in different extents and are difficult to play their roles. Therefore, according to the particularity of logistic distribution under electronic commerce environment, the improved two-phase algorithm needs to be adopted to get solutions. Namely, the customer group can be divided into several regions using hierarchy clustering method in first phase. And in every region it can be decomposed into small scale subsets according with some restraint conditions using scan algorithm. In second phase, get the solutions of the customer point in every group using the improved genetic algorithm. In fact it is route optimization problems of several single TSP model. In the end, the test proves the validity of this improved algorithm combining with examples
Eco-environmental Quality and Ecological Restoration: A Case Study in Wetland of the Loushan River Estuary, Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao

The Coastal wetlands are important ecosystems between land and sea ecosystems. However, people develop wetlands so excess that decrease their areas and quantities. The coastal wetland has become a more frangibal ecosystem. Now the coastal wetlands of China are confronting serious threaten of wetland loss and eco-environmental deterioration. The research approach of the paper is an analysis of the data from collecting second-hand statistic information and data, according with from fieldwork. The results showed that the implementation of the scheme improved the hydrodynamic conditions of adjacent sea area. The flow velocity of this area has been greatly increased. Thus the self-purification capacity of this area has been enhanced. After building the sewage pipe network, The Pollutant Emission Amount was also reduced obviously. The exceeding standard area and the maximum concentration of the pollutant was considerably smaller. Status of serious pollution has been changed.
Research on logistics distribution center location model and evaluation under electronic commerce

Consider the particularity of logistics distribution under electronic-commerce environment, logistics distribution center location model is revised from alternative expenses and terms of time-constrain, and set up model under electronic commerce environment Because the location model is an NP problem, heuristic algorithm is adopted to solve this problem. But the logistics distribution center location under e-commerce environment involves many factors; it's difficult to consider all the factors during the course of establishing the logistics distribution center location. Therefore, it is very necessary to ask for the experts' opinion and advice and do some qualitative decisions. On the basis of this hypothesis, this study makes certain the logistics distribution center location under electronic commerce using the combined method of quantitative heuristic arithmetic, and qualitative analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method.
Beamforming and power control for DS-CDMA system in a multicellular environment

Mobile transmitted powers and receiver weight vectors at base stations are calculated jointly, which provides an efficient technique for increasing the capacity of DS-CDMA systems in a multicellular environment. In this paper, we present a study that the mobile transmitted power is minimized, while the signal-to-interfere and noise at each is maintained at a threshold. Both intracell and intercell interferences are explicitly taken into account, and in particular the tradeoff involved in choosing frequency reuse plan is considered. Amounts of Monte Carlo simulations are given to evaluate uplink capacity of DS-CDMA system using base station antenna array in different multicellular environments, which show that system operates most efficiently with full frequency.
A Munkres Particle Swarm optimization algorithm for point pattern matching

Particle Swarm Optimization combines with Munkres algorithm is proposed for Point Pattern Matching in three dimensions. Point Pattern Matching is a fundamental aspect of many fields in computer vision and pattern recognition. The point pattern matching technique could be described as finding an optimal transformation for one point pattern to the other under some measures. The proposed algorithm can be used to perform reliable matching between two different views of an object or scene. A new formula is proposed and used as a reasonable fitness function. The advantages of Munkres and Particle Swarm optimization are used and combined together in this paper. The simulated results show that the new algorithm is very effective.
Analysis of End Force and Optimization Design for Linear Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor

Linear permanent magnet brushless DC motor is a new type machine whose rotor is straight and broken. And the end force is produced by this special structure. Its key problems were paid more attention to the thrust ripple caused by end effect. This paper analyzed the influencing factor of end effect using Maxwell method, optimized the structure of the rotor and built model of simulation. The end effect was improved, and the accuracy of optimized structure was enhanced.
Comparison between two control algorithms for EMG-based navigation

The purpose of this study was to develop and compare two control algorithms that could potentially utilize two channels of surface electromyogram (EMG) to navigate electromechanical devices such as a powered wheelchair in all directions, i.e. forward (F), backward (B), right (R), and left (L). The first algorithm uses a non-timed muscle twitch to change between six modes (F, B, FR, FL, BR and BL), while the second algorithm uses a quick-timed twitch to switch between two modes (F and B). The second portion of this study consisted of acquiring EMG signals from the muscles of the forearm through a simple instrumentation circuit. The study was focused on evaluating the effectiveness of the controlling schemes. While the second algorithm offered faster manipulations, the first algorithm was more reliable and resulted in fewer collisions.
A Method of Thermal Analysis for CMOS Integrated Circuit

The paper presents a method for thermal analysis of integrated circuit, which combines a SPICE tool (HSPICE) with a finite element analysis tool (ANSYS). Since the connection between the two simulators is not so smooth, LinkCAD for ANSYS that provides seamless integration of the ANSYS products with the CAD environment is used in our work. By this method, thermal analysis of a general integrated circuit is accurately presented with the consideration of key sources of power dissipation and their temperature relation in CMOS IC
The implementation of BGP-Update based monitoring method for routing anomalies

In this paper, BGP-Update based monitoring method is proposed to effectively alleviate bandwidth tension and link congestion, and eventually resolve the problem of update message flooding when routing anomalies. Such monitoring method tracks routings and dynamically displays the alternations of selected routings and its updating quantities by analyzing collected BGP-Update messages. With the help of Internet routing structure in IP level from AS diagram we will successfully locate routing anomalies quickly. Moreover, in the paper we establish a new framework for routing message filtering — classifying update messages to reduce bandwidth waste and storage space waste when excluding causes of routing anomalies one by one, which demonstrates the superiority and great applicable prospects.
The Effect of Recording Methods on the Frequency Response of Breathing Sounds Measured with an Electronic Stethoscope

The stethoscope has been used for almost two centuries mainly for listening to the lung and heart sounds. This study was conducted to characterize the frequency contents of the breathing sounds recorded with an electronic stethoscope under different conditions. These conditions included different levels of pressure applied to the probe and the use of a double-sided adhesive tape for interfacing. The goal of this study was to quantify the differences in frequency response and assess the attenuation of high and low frequencies caused by the probe-skin interface during testing. Various pressures were applied and quantified using a pressure-sensing handle developed in conjunction with this study. The signal was analyzed by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) implemented in MATLAB. The data showed significant differences in frequency response with varying recording methods. The result of this study is useful for controlling the recording method when the acoustic signal from the stethoscope is used in a quantitative way.
Study on Risk of E-Government System Based on QSIM and Logistic Curve

Risk of e-government system hinders its development and attracts much attention. When the status of the risk is evaluated, three interrelated and interactional dimensions including disaster, victim and disaster handler should be discussed. The causes of vulnerability of the system are discussed based on evaluation and the association relation between the causes and evaluation indexes are described based on QSIM (Qualitative Simulation) theory. The key factors can be easily seen based on the discussion. Logistic curve theory is used to study the status of the risk of e-government system and the impact of the factors. The future research is proposed at last.
Integrating Segmentation Information for Improved MRF-Based Elastic Image Registration

In this paper, we propose a method to exploit segmentation information for elastic image registration using a Markov-random-field (MRF)-based objective function. MRFs are suitable for discrete labeling problems, and the labels are defined as the joint occurrence of displacement fields (for registration) and segmentation class probability. The data penalty is a combination of the image intensity (or gradient information) and the mutual dependence of registration and segmentation information. The smoothness is a function of the interaction between the defined labels. Since both terms are a function of registration and segmentation labels, the overall objective function captures their mutual dependence. A multiscale graph-cut approach is used to achieve subpixel registration and reduce the computation time. The user defines the object to be registered in the floating image, which is rigidly registered before applying our method. We test our method on synthetic image data sets with known levels of added noise and simulated deformations, and also on natural and medical images. Compared with other registration methods not using segmentation information, our proposed method exhibits greater robustness to noise and improved registration accuracy.
PSO-based on-line tuning PID controller for setpoint changes and load disturbance

This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for online tuning Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. There is a great deal of general literature on PID controller with ignoring the disturbance interference. However, in practical applications, the ability of interference avoidance of PID controller should be considered in evaluating the performance of system response. In this study, using PSO online tuning mechanism, PID controller can track the input signal effectively even though the setpoint changes and load disturbance influences. The simulation results describe that the proposed method is able to obtain the good performance and stability.
An insulation condition assessment method of transformer based on set pair analysis and similarity clustering

An insulation condition assessment method of the transformer is proposed in this paper. The set pair analysis and the expert evaluation method based on the set-valued statistics are adopted to assess insulation condition of the quantitative index and the qualitative index respectively according to the insulation condition assessment model of the transformer which is built. The subjective weight of evaluation index is determined by synthesizing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the similarity clustering. The criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) method is used to revise the subjective weight to the subjective and objective weight. The insulation condition of the transformer could be evaluated on the basis of the degradation value that is obtained with the weighted average method. The actual test data and inspection records of a distribution transformer are utilized to verify the assessment method and the numerical results testify that: we could evaluate the insulation condition of the transformer correctly and intuitively with the assessment method proposed in this paper, and considering authority of experts and objectivity of weights could give a more reasonable assessment result than ignoring them. The research in this paper could provide a feasible reference for the insulation condition assessment and technical support for the condition based maintenance of the transformer.
Microprocessor based algorithms for controlling Electromyogram-driven devices

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate signal-processing algorithms for controlling devices with electromyogram (EMG). An "EMG-driven car model" was developed whereby a remote control toy car was navigated by using two-channel EMG signals recorded from the right and left forearms with surface electrodes. After the EMG signals were amplified and filtered, they were digitized and processed with a PIC18F452 microprocessor. Two threshold detection algorithms with and with an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter were compared. The detected signals were used to navigate the car via a radio-frequency transmitter. This microprocessor-based system is useful for developing EMG-driven assistive technology devices.
Further Cryptanalysis of a Signature Scheme with Message Recovery

Chang et al. proposed a new digital signature scheme with message recovery. They claimed that their scheme was accomplished without using one-way hash functions and message redundancy. However, several forgery attacks demonstrated that Chang et al.'s signature scheme with message recovery is not secure. However, the idea of how to get the attacks is unclear. In this paper, we present more general forgery attacks to show clearly how to obtain the attacks. Interestingly, our general forgery covers all the known attacks.
Establishment of theoretical model of magnetic dipole for ground marking system

Ground marking system is an important device used in pipeline corrosion and leakage detector (MFL_PIG) for recording the exact time when the detector with strong magnets passes right below the above ground marker (AGM). The precision of AGM is critical to defect location during pipeline detection. In this paper, a theoretical model of magnetic dipole is established and its working principle and detail process are investigated thoroughly, and different situation of above ground markers layout are considered. Experiments are presented to verify the correctness of theoretical model. Different above ground markers laid on the ground perpendicularly or having a certain angle with the magnetic flux leakage, and traction experiments show that the results are satisfying.
Implementation of a neuron emulator for patch-clamp settings

This paper describes the implementation of a neuron emulator circuit. The circuit provides the electrical properties of a neuron as seen from a single patch-clamp electrode. It is intended for testing electrophysiological equipment such as a voltage-clamp or patch-clamp amplifiers. Action potentials (AP) are generated with a voltage-dependent frequency controlled by a microcontroller. The charge that is transferred to the electrode during neuron firing is limited to the charge stored on capacitors also mounted on the emulator board. Measured results from a prototype show that the neuron emulator meets the design specifications and is capable of performing voltage clamp and rate responsive current clamp.
Obstacle Detection for Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Deep Stacked Autoencoder and  $k$ -Nearest Neighbor Scheme

Obstacle detection is an essential element for the development of intelligent transportation systems so that accidents can be avoided. In this paper, we propose a stereovision-based method for detecting obstacles in urban environment. The proposed method uses a deep stacked auto-encoders (DSA) model that combines the greedy learning features with the dimensionality reduction capacity and employs an unsupervised  $k$ -nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm to accurately and reliably detect the presence of obstacles. We consider obstacle detection as an anomaly detection problem. We evaluated the proposed method by using practical data from three publicly available data sets, the Malaga stereovision urban data set, the Daimler urban segmentation data set, and the Bahnhof data set. Also, we compared the efficiency of DSA-KNN approach to the deep belief network-based clustering schemes. Results show that the DSA-KNN is suitable to visually monitor urban scenes.
An Empirical Assessment of Customer's Emotional Mechanism under the Service Failure Setting

Through literature review, the authors point that emotion has been overlooked in current researches. Based on resource exchange theory, the authors study carefully consumer's psychology mechanism under the service failure circumstance and develop a conceptual model among the key constructs of service loss and customer's emotion. In view of the research objectives and research model, a Scenario Experiment research methodology is adopted. The authors conclude that service failure and waiter's emotion after the failure will impact customer's utilitarian loss and symbolic loss, and which will impact customer's emotion finally. Recovery expectation and complain intention are the synthesized result of cognition and emotion. Suggestion is provided to the service enterprisers in the end of the article.