nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Modifed MMSE Approach on MIMO Receiver for Interference Reduction

This paper proposes a two-step system that uses practically obtainable channel state information. We will show how a two-step MMSE MIMO estimator can be used to facilitate packet detection as well as to provide superior bit error rate performance. A pre-filter is used to improve synchronization performance, a secondary filter will estimate the originally transmitted signal. We will show how this approach significantly improves packet detection, and how the overall solution approaches the performance of the classical MMSE estimator.
A novel high performance resonant gate drive circuit with low circulating current

In this paper, a new resonant gate drive circuit is proposed for power MOSFETs. The proposed circuit can recover a portion of the CV/sup 2/ gate energy and it achieves quick turn on and turn off transition times to reduce switching loss and conduction loss in power MOSFETs. The circuit consists of four control switches and a small resonant inductance. The current through the resonant inductance is discontinuous in order to minimize circulating current conduction loss present in other methods. An analysis, design procedure, loss analysis, simulation results and experimental results are presented for the proposed circuit.
3D KMC reliability simulation of nano-scaled HKMG nMOSFETs with multiple traps coupling

This paper presents coupling characteristics of multiple traps in HKMG nMOSFETs by a 3D kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulator we developed, which includes several fully-coupled multi-physical models: trap generation/recombination, trapping/detrapping to/from channel, metal gate, and the interaction of traps. It shows that activation energy and trapping/detrapping from/to channel/gate impact on coupling of multiple traps. Interaction of traps complicates mechanism in TAT current, BTI, and RTN.
A large signal dynamic model for DC-to-DC converters with average current control

This paper presents a generalized model for average current control that can be applied to DC-to-DC converters such as the buck, boost, buck-boost and cuk converters. The proposed model consists of two parts: 1) an averaged DC-to-DC converter topology with all the switching elements replaced by dependent sources 2) an average current control scheme with a pulse width modulation (PWM) model, which determines the duty cycles. This model can accurately predict the steady-state, small signal and large signal dynamic behavior for average current controlled DC-to-DC single switch converters. To verify the proposed model, simulated results were compared to experimental waveforms of an average current controlled boost converter. The experimental results demonstrate that the model can correctly predict the steady-state, small signal and large signal dynamic behavior of the average current controlled boost converter.
A model-based approach to adding autonomic capabilities to network fault management system

Adding autonomic capabilities to network management systems provides great promise in delivering high QoS while lowering operation and maintenance cost. In this paper, we present a model-based approach to adding autonomic capabilities to a fault management system for cellular networks. We propose the use of modeling techniques to specify software failures and their dispositions at the model level for the target system. This facilitates the deployment of a control loop for adding autonomic capabilities into the system architecture, which include self-monitoring, self-healing, and self-adjusting. Our case study on the intelligent network fault management system illustrates the proposed approach by adding and deploying these autonomic capabilities derived from self-model specifications, to mitigate the risk of specified failures and maintain the level of healthiness of the system, dynamically and effectively.
A new filtering method for RST invariant image watermarking

Based on log-polar mapping, this paper presents a new filtering method. We compare our new filtering method with the classical matched filter, phase-only filter, binary phase-only filter, amplitude-only filter, and inverse filter. We found that our new method is the only one that is robust against rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) transformation. We use the filtering method in our new rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) invariant digital image watermarking scheme, to rectify the watermark position. The watermarking scheme does not need the original image to extract watermark and avoids exhaustive search. The three-dimensional plots of cross-correlation functions of different filters are presented and discussed.
A Quick Capacitor Charge Balance Control Method to Achieve Optimal Dynamic Response for Buck Converters

A novel control method is presented in this paper which utilizes the concept of capacitor charge balance to achieve optimal dynamic response for buck converters undergoing a rapid load change. The proposed charge balance method is implemented with analog components and is cheaper and more effective than its digital counterparts since complex arithmetic and sampling delay is eliminated. The proposed controller consistently causes the buck converter to recover from an arbitrary load transient with the smallest possible voltage deviation in the shortest possible settling time. Since the controller is non-linear during transient conditions, it is not limited by bandwidth/switching frequency. Unlike conventional linear controllers, the dynamic response (voltage deviation, settling time) of the proposed controller can be accurately predicted using a set of equations. This greatly simplifies the design process of the output filter. Simulation and experimental results show the functionality of the controller and demonstrate the superior dynamic response over that of a conventional linear controller.
Agro-tourism in Wetlands: Current Status, Obstacles and Countermeasures

Natural wetlands cover 3.8% of China's territory, providing 54.9% of ecosystem services. To improve agricultural wetlands conservation and development, a wide range of positive measures should be undertaken. Sustainable tourism in agricultural wetlands, when properly managed and developed, plays a major part in protecting wetlands and supporting those working in and around wetlands through jobs and increasing incomes. Based on the analysis of sustainable agro-tourism in Bailizhou, Yichang City, the paper discusses the development status, obstacles and countermeasures for sustainable agro-tourism in wetlands. Lack of capacity of receiving tourists, viewable product processing and valuable farm commodities, and well-educated practitioner are barriers to effective development of agro-tourism in wetlands. In consideration of agricultural wetland characteristics, these barriers can be overcome with government rational plans, visit able plants and take-away commodities, and professional practitioners cultivation.
An analytical 2D current model of Double-Gate Schottky-Barrier MOSFETs

In this paper, an analytical 2D current model of Double-Gate Schottky-Barrier MOSFETs (DG SB MOSFETs) is developed, which takes the advantage of the 2D potential distribution. Simulation results have shown that current density undergo notable changes along the channel depth directions, indicating that Ids and Vth calculated by 2D current model achieve a better accuracy than Surf model.
An approach to fault diagnosis for non-linear system based on fuzzy cluster analysis

An approach to fault diagnosis based on fuzzy clustering is proposed. First, the fuzzy model representing each state of the system is built by extracting fuzzy rules from the sample data using fuzzy clustering algorithm. Then, the modified fuzzy models for fault diagnosis are obtained based on the original fuzzy models and constitute a whole rule-base. Furthermore, a strategy for fault diagnosis based on fuzzy clustering is presented to detect and locate faults in the system. Finally, some experimental results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Adaptive Consensus Control for a Class of Nonlinear Multiagent Time-Delay Systems Using Neural Networks

Because of the complicity of consensus control of nonlinear multiagent systems in state time-delay, most of previous works focused only on linear systems with input time-delay. An adaptive neural network (NN) consensus control method for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems with state time-delay is proposed in this paper. The approximation property of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) is used to neutralize the uncertain nonlinear dynamics in agents. An appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, which is obtained from the derivative of an appropriate Lyapunov function, is used to compensate the uncertainties of unknown time delays. It is proved that our proposed approach guarantees the convergence on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results of a nonlinear multiagent time-delay system and a multiple collaborative manipulators system show the effectiveness of the proposed consensus control algorithm.
An editor labeling model for training set expansion in Web categorization

Automatically classifying Web pages is an effective way to manage the massive information on the Web. However, our experiments show that the state-of-the-art text categorization technologies can not achieve a satisfactory classification performance in this task. The major reason is the existence of large proportion of rare categories in Web taxonomies. The failure in such categories is simply because there is not enough information to train reliable classifiers. To tackle this problem, we propose to expand the training set of the rare categories, by simulating the labeling behavior of the human editors of Web directories. Experimental results show that in such a way, we achieved significant (relatively 93%) improvement in classification accuracy, which is highly encouraging for high performance Web classification.
Compact Differential Band-Notched Stepped-Slot UWB-MIMO Antenna With Common-Mode Suppression

A compact printed differential multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for ultrawideband system applications with band-notched characteristic. The proposed MIMO antenna element consists of a differential U-shaped microstrip feedline and a stepped-shaped slot, printed on the bottom and top of the substrate, respectively. A half-wavelength resonant stub embedded in the stepped-shaped slot is exploited to obtain notched band, whose center frequency can be adjusted by the length of the stub. The staged slots among antenna elements are introduced to enhance the differential isolation. The final antenna has a compact size of $44 \times 44\; \text{mm}^{2}$. Measured results show that the proposed MIMO antenna achieves −10-dB impedance bandwidth from 2.95 to 10.8 GHz, isolation better than 15.5 dB over the whole operating band, and a notched band from 5.10 to 5.95 GHz.
Controlled Auxiliary Circuit with Measured Response for Reduction of Output Voltage Overshoot in Buck Converters

In order to adhere to voltage regulation criteria, capacitor selection of a Buck converter must be based on the worst possible scenario. It is well known that, for a low duty cycle Buck converter, the output voltage deviation of a Buck converter undergoing an unloading transient will be significantly larger than that of a corresponding loading transient of equal magnitude. Therefore, in this paper, an auxiliary circuit and corresponding control method is presented to reduce the output voltage overshoot of a Buck converter undergoing an unloading transient. The proposed auxiliary circuit diverts a constant controlled current from the output of the converter to the input of the converter thereby significantly reducing the output voltage overshoot. In addition, the proposed auxiliary controller estimates the magnitude of the unloading transient and sets the auxiliary current to an appropriate level based on a pre-defined set of criteria. This allows for greater design flexibility and increases the auxiliary circuit efficiency for unloading transients of lesser magnitude. As demonstrated through simulation and experimental results, the proposed converter successfully estimates the unloading transient magnitude and diverts a proportional amount of current from the converter output.
Adaptive Neural Network Control for Uncertain Time-Varying State Constrained Robotics Systems

In this paper, we design an adaptive neural network (NN) controller of uncertain ${n}$ -joint robotic systems with time-varying state constraints. By proposing a nonlinear mapping, the robotic systems are transformed into the multiple-input, multiple-output systems. Compared with constant constraints, the time-varying state constraints are more general in the real systems. To overcome the design challenge, the time-varying barrier Lyapunov function is introduced to ensure that the states of the robotic systems are bounded within the predetermined time-varying range. The NN approximations are employed to approximate the uncertain parametric and unknown functions in the robotic systems. Based on the Lyapunov analysis, it can be proved that all signals of robotic systems are bounded; the tracking errors of system output converge on a small neighborhood of zero and the time-varying state constraints are never violated. Finally, a simulation example is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Adaptive NN tracking control of nonlinear discrete-time systems

For a class of uncertain discrete-time nonlinear MIMO systems, a neural controller is proposed based on the adaptive backstepping technique. The high-order neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. The result show all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of zero by choosing the design parameters appropriately. Compared with the previous research for discrete-time MIMO systems, robustness of the proposed adaptive algorithm is obvious improved.
An incomplete game analysis on information disclosure of internal control

This paper studies under the background of the gradual warming of Chinese Government's attention on the internal control, uses the method of game theory, and analyzes the authenticity of internal control disclosure of listed companies from the view of static game with incomplete information. By analyzing, we find that several factors affect the authenticity of internal control information, they are supervision frequency of regulatory authorities, punishment cost, the cost that listed companies color their internal control information and the degree of adverse effect when false disclosure of internal control is found by regulatory authorities, so institutional arrangements are very important to improve the information disclosure of internal control. Then we analyze the status of China's internal control disclosure system, and compare with the relevant laws and regulations in the USA. With the conclusion by game analysis, we provide several suggestions for regulating the information disclosure of internal control on listed companies.
Concentration, sources and toxic potential exposure of formaldehyde and BTEX in residential areas at XiCheng district, Beijing

Ambient levels of formaldehyde and BTEX (benzene, toluene and xylene) compounds were monitored at seven residential areas in Xicheng District, Beijing, during the period of November-December 2009. Formaldehyde was collected using 2, 4-dinitmphenyihydmzine (DNPH) modified silica tube and analyzed by HPLC. BTEX compounds were collected with activated carbon tube and analyzed by GC-FID. The concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylene were in the rage of 3.0–736.0 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 3.0–174.1 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 2.0–2372.1 µg m<sup>−3</sup> and 1.0–879.0 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. At the seven residential sites, the average concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylene were 20.9 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 10.7 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 34.0 µg m<sup>−3</sup> and 15.3 µg m<sup>−3</sup>. Carcinogenic potential compounds of benzene and toluene level exceeds the limit of BTEX set by European (10µg m<sup>−3</sup> for benzene, 25µg m<sup>−3</sup> for toluene). The statistical results showed the main sources of formaldehyde and BTEX in this investigation were organic adhesives and ligneous furniture. The human exposure levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were also discussed. Compared to other sites of China, the exposure risks of low molecular carbonyl compounds in Beijing were higher.
Bipolar Ripple Cancellation Method to Achieve Single-Stage Electrolytic-Capacitor-Less High-Power LED Driver

Conventional topologies for high-power LED drivers with high power factors (PFs) require large capacitances to limit the low frequency (100 or 120 Hz) LED current ripples. Electrolytic capacitors are commonly used because they are the only capacitors with sufficient energy density to accommodate high-power applications. However, the short life span of electrolytic capacitors significantly reduces the life span of the entire LED lighting fixture, which is undesirable. This paper proposes a bipolar (ac) ripple cancellation method with two different full-bridge power structures to cancel the low-frequency ac ripple in the LED current and minimize the output capacitance requirement, enabling the use of long-life film capacitors. Compared with the existing technologies, the proposed circuit achieves zero double-line-frequency current ripple through LED lamps and achieves a high PF and high efficiency. A 100-W (150 V/0.7 A) LED driver prototype was built which demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve the same double-line-frequency LED current ripple with only 44-μF film capacitors, compared with the 4700-μF electrolytic capacitors required in the conventional single-stage LED drivers. Meanwhile, the proposed prototype has achieved a peak power efficiency of 92.5%, benefiting from active clamp technology.
Design and Application of Multimedia Mobile Learning Framework

Due to the thrive of mobile network and portable device, distance learning is evolved from desktop computer to mobile device. This paper combines mobile computing with streaming media technology in the application of distance education to design an open multimedia mobile learning framework for university students. This framework consists of mobile learning software and custom learning device. System architecture and several implementation issues are discussed in this paper. Moreover, practical applications show that our framework can significantly increase student's interest and effect in learning as compare to the traditional mode. The system is of preferable feature of real-time, interactive and expansion.
Attitude control of underactuated spacecraft through flywheels motion using genetic algorithm with wavelet approximation

The optimal attitude control problem of a rigid spacecraft with flywheels that provide two control input is treated. In the case that the total angular momentum of the system is zero, the nonholonomic behavior of underactuated system is employed to develop the dynamical equations of the system. The problem of reorienting a rigid spacecraft is formulated as an optimal control problem for a drift free control system. The genetic algorithm is proposed to achieve angular rate input law of two flywheels and the optimal reorientation of a spacecraft. By use of the wavelet method, the control input law is approximated by the discrete orthogonal wavelets. The numerical simulation indicates that genetic algorithm and wavelet approximation are effective approaches to solve the optimal reorientation problem.
Design of a novel phase shifter for high power microwave applications

A compact high power microwave phase shifter is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel dual circular polarizer which can convert the input rectangular waveguide TE10 mode to the circular waveguide pure circular polarized TE11 mode is designed. Then a metal plug driven by a high-speed sever motor is used to adjust the output RF phase by changing the position of the movably short dual circular polarized port. The output RF phase varies 360° by moving a half of the guided wavelength. The cold tests and high power microwave experiment have been carried out which are consistent with the theory design perfectly.
Desulfurization Characteristics in Double Nozzles Rectangular Spouted Bed with Draft Tube

A new type of semidry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process in double nozzles rectangular spouted bed with draft tube had been developed. In this process, a double nozzles rectangular spouted bed with draft tube was used as a multiphase reactor, where the SO2 was thereby removed from the flue gas. By use of hydrated lime as the desulfurization sorbent, the experiments to investigate the effects of operating conditions on the SO2 removal efficiency had been carried out in the FGD process. Results showed that the SO2 removal efficiency was affected by the operating parameters such as mole ratio of the calcium to sulfur, approach to saturation temperature, static bed height of the coarse particles, and the superficial gas velocity.
Adaptive Fuzzy Identification and Control for a Class of Nonlinear Pure-Feedback MIMO Systems With Unknown Dead Zones

The adaptive fuzzy identification and control problems are considered for a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with unknown functions and unknown dead-zone inputs. The main characteristics of the considered systems are that 1) they are composed of n subsystems and each subsystem is in nested lower triangular form, 2) dead-zone inputs are in nonsymmetric nonlinear form, and 3) dead-zone inputs appear nonlinearly in the systems and their parameters are not required to be known. The controller design for this class of systems is a difficult and complicated task because of the existences of unknown functions, the couplings among the nested subsystems, and the dead-zone inputs. In the controller design, the fuzzy logic systems are employed to approximate the unknown functions and the differential mean value theorem is used to separate dead-zone inputs. To compensate for dead-zone inputs, the compensative terms are designed in the controllers. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved via the Lyapunov stability theorem. A simulation example is provided to validate the feasibility of the approach.
A Simple Large Signal Model for Isolated DC-DC Converters

In this paper, a large signal model for isolated DC-DC converters is proposed. The model is applicable to both current and voltage mode control. The model has the principle advantage that it is simple to derive-it takes the same form as the switching converter that it is derived from. In the model, the MOSFET switches are replaced by dependent current and voltage sources equal to the average current through the switch, or average voltage across the switch. The active switch and its corresponding synchronous rectifier are replaced by dependent average current sources. In multiple switch topologies, the additional switches are replaced by dependent average voltage sources. Implementation of the model is very simple since no mathematical derivations are required. The only change to the circuit is the replacement of the switches by their dependent sources. The model is simple to implement in circuit simulation software packages such as SPICE. Once implemented, small signal and large signal behaviour can be obtained through simulation. The model is verified experimentally for the small signal and large signal cases using a prototype of the asymmetrical half-bridge topology operating at 48 V input, and 5 V at 6 A load and a 400 kHz switching frequency. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation and experimental results validating the model