nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Unequal Length First-Order Linear-Phase Filter Banks for Efficient Image Coding

In this paper, we present the structure and design method for a first-order linear-phase filter bank (FOLPFB) which has unequal filter lengths in its synthesis bank (UFLPFB). A FOLPFB is a generalized version of biorthogonal LPFBs regarding their synthesis filter lengths. Ringing artifact is the main disadvantage of image coding based on FOLPFBs. UFLPFBs can reduce the ringing artifacts as well as approximate smooth regions well.
Two subspace methods to discriminate faces and clutters

Dimension reduction via linear subspace is very important in image pattern detection and recognition. This paper presents two new methods of dimension reduction and develops algorithms to locate human faces in gray-scale still images. The first technique develops eigenface subspace and eigenclutter subspace which represent faces and clutters respectively. The second technique chooses a common subspace to maximize the Bhattacharyya distance of two Gaussian distributions. Compared with the first method, the second method is more computationally efficient with slightly higher error rate. Our simulation result indicates that both methods outperform conventional template-based methods such as matched filter and eigenface methods.
A Low-Cost Hardware Design of a 1-D SPIHT Algorithm for Video Display Systems

This paper presents low-cost compressors for video display systems, which compress video data to reduce the size of the frame memory in a display panel in a television or a smartphone. The hardware solution exploits the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and 1-D set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) to support the raster-scan processing order in a display system and meet the fixed target compression ratio (CR). However, the compression efficiency and hardware cost often increase in proportion to the block size and thus, designing a compressor with low cost but high fidelity is challenging. This paper proposes a generic partitioned SPIHT algorithm, which achieves a low-cost design for mobile devices by allowing various sizes of partitioned sub-blocks. By taking advantage of DWT decomposition properties, the proposed algorithm partitions a coding block into sub-blocks, each of which can be processed independently. The independent coding operations among multiple sub-blocks allow the size of the hardware buffer to be decreased, by storing the temporary results only for an individual sub-block. However, the proposed sub-block coding slightly decreases the compression efficiency when each sub-block is compressed with the same target CR. To reduce the drop-off in the compression efficiency, the boundary-pixel handling in DWT is exploited and the proposed partitioned SPIHT method adjusts the target CR for each sub-block depending on the potential quality loss. When compared with the previous 1-D design, experimental results show that the hardware gate count and internal memory are reduced by 59.34% and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed boundary handling and bit-allocation schemes mitigate the PSNR degradation due to the sub-block coding by 1.11 dB.
M-th band filter design based on cosine modulation

This paper presents a design method for a linear phase filter with arbitrary cutoff frequencies using cosine modulation. The approach can be applied to any existing linear phase filters with rational cutoff frequencies. A halfband filter is used to derive an approximately maximally-flat filter with different cutoff frequencies, and the resulting filter can be expressed in closed form when the original filter has a closed form expression. The filters satisfy M-th band conditions with comparable transition band to the original filter. Simulations are presented to confirm the design method.
Depth-Assisted Frame Rate Up-Conversion for Stereoscopic Video

In this letter, we propose a depth-assisted frame rate up-conversion (DA-FRUC) scheme which finds applications in 3D video processing. By considering the depth cue in video plus depth representation, we categorize the blocks of the interpolated frame as depth-continuous and depth-discontinuous groups. The motion vector (MV) outliers of the depth continuous blocks are then detected and corrected by layer-constrained MV refinement method. Moreover, a depth-based adaptive interpolation and block segmentation method is proposed to deal with the disocclusion and occlusion at the boundary of the foreground area. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better subjective and objective performance for the interpolated color frames. Additionally, the interpolated depth frames obtained by the proposed method is more accurate, which benefit the video quality in view synthesis.
A novel motion estimation algorithm using phase plane correlation for frame rate conversion

Frame rate conversion is an important application in video processing. It allows the application to perform processes such as slow motion, standard conversion and display conversion. The ability to perform high quality interpolation would improve the quality of all these processes. The requirement for accurate motion vectors is extremely important for the interpolator. The phase plane correlation approach achieves this with far less operation count than different block matching algorithms. Two approaches have been discussed to find accurate motion vectors as well as the application in interpolation of intermediate frames. In the first approach, hierarchical block matching (HBM) with smoothness constraint is used to find robust motion vectors for interpolation of spatio-temporal filters. In the second approach, the motion vector from phase plane correlation (PPC) method is used that assigns multiple motion vectors to a block thus achieving the result of object based approaches with much fewer operation counts.
GenLOT-design and application for transform-based image coding

Wavelet transform with symmetric basis functions has emerged as the next-generation standard for still-image compression. Wavelet methods outperform the current JPEG standard (block transform based on DCT) at low bit rates, since the DCT-based transform suffers from blocking effects due to its short basis functions. GenLOT is a new linear-phase block orthogonal transform which drastically reduces the blocking effects at low bit rates. We present the theory, structure and design methods for GenLOT. In particular, GenLOTs that perform well in image compression are discussed. We compare the performance of GenLOTs, in both objective and subjective measures, to the symmetric wavelet transforms. For a certain class of images, GenLOTs outperform the symmetric wavelet transforms.
RF coupling into the fuel tank of a large transport aircraft from intentionally transmitting PEDS in the passenger cabin

An investigation was performed to study the potential for RF power radiated from portable electronic devices (PEDs) to create an arcing/sparking event within the fuel tank of a large transport aircraft. This paper describes the experimental methods used for measuring RF coupling to the fuel tank and fuel quantity indication system (FQIS) wiring from PED sources located in the passenger cabin. To allow comparison of voltage/current data obtained in a laboratory chamber FQIS installation to an actual aircraft FQIS installation, aircraft fuel tank RF reverberation characteristics were also measured. Results from the measurements, along with a survey of threats from typical intentional transmitting PEDs are presented. The resulting worst-case power coupled onto fuel tank FQIS wiring is derived. The same approach can be applied to measure RF coupling into various other aircraft systems.
Bandwidth Enhancement Utilizing Bias Circuit as Parasitic Elements in a Reconfigurable Circularly Polarized Antenna

A circularly polarized (CP) crossed-dipole antenna with switchable rotating sense is presented. The proposed design has two main attractive features. First, a wide overlapped CP bandwidth (BW) is realized for both operating states. Second, unlike existing designs targeting a similar functionality, no biasing wire through ground plane is required, which significantly reduces the design complexity. The proposed design employs parasitic elements for two different roles. For RF signal, these parasitic elements open an additional CP resonance band to enhance the axial-ratio (AR) BW. Additionally, through RF chokes, they provide a dc path to bias the p-i-n diodes. An antenna prototype was experimentally demonstrated with the capability of switching between two CP rotating senses in a frequency range from 1.1 to 2.02 GHz, equivalent to 58.9%. The antenna also exhibits a wide −10 dB impedance BW of 53.3% (1.1–1.9 GHz) with a peak gain of around 9.1 dBi and front-to-back ratio of more than 15 dB.
Characterization of Polymer Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Treatment of Cancer

The objective of this project is to develop and characterize a targeted drug delivery vehicle capable of the controlled release of chemotherapy to treat malignant tumors. Our construct consists of a magnetic core with a thermosensitive polymer (N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPA) shell. The advantage of this system is that a magnetic field can be used for targeting the construct as well as to induce heat for hyperthermia treatment. Furthermore, the drug can be loaded into the NIPA layer and released when the temperature reaches its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Drug release studies were used to characterize the thermoresponsive properties of the construct. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies were also performed to determine in vitro behavior. Our NIPA-magnetic nanoparticle presents a unique and effective method of treating many cancers while reducing the deleterious effects associated with traditional drug delivery methods.
Detection and removal of binocular luster in compressed 3D images

Binocular luster is an extremely salient effect seen in 3D when an object in each stereo image exhibits a different contrast polarity relative to the background. The object appears to shimmer, a phenomenon seen in nature and on 3D displays, which the Human Visual System rapidly detects. This binocular luster is also induced by compression of stereo imagery where corresponding blocks are quantized to different values. In this paper, we discuss the psychovisual background of binocular luster, introduce the “shine” artifact induced by compression, and present an algorithm for detection and removal of shine from JPEG compressed stereo images without introducing additional bitrate.
Comparing Perceived Quality and Fatigue for Two Methods of Mixed Resolution Stereoscopic Coding

Mixed resolution stereoscopic coding exploits the perceptual phenomenon of binocular suppression by encoding each view of a stereo pair at a different resolution. Many investigations have shown that a large reduction in bandwidth can be gained for a relatively small compromise in image quality by this asymmetric representation. However, the viability of such an encoding method depends on the subjective response to viewing such videos at length. While methods for mixed resolution coding have been developed on the presumption of a certain visual fatigue response, none have actually examined it. In this paper, we address this shortcoming in three experiments comparing two methods of binocular suppression processing. The first two experiments reveal subjects' preferences in terms of overall quality between the two methods for short exposures, and the third experiment examines the fatigue resulting from 10-min exposures to mixed resolution encoded videos.
A novel de-interlacing technique based on phase plane correlation motion estimation

In this paper, a de-interlacing technique using motion compensated interpolation is proposed. In the proposed scheme motion estimation is first performed between the same parity field i.e., reference and current field from either odd or even fields. Compared to other motion adaptive and motion compensated interpolation technique this method results in a better visual quality due to an accurate motion estimation technique. For further improvement a motion vector validation method based on motion parameters like pan, zoom or tilt is used to reduce the interpolation error caused due to the incorrect motion vector. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method has better visual performance compared to the conventional method.
An integrated stereo ego-motion estimation framework with sparse depth map

In this paper, we propose a novel method to accurately estimate the arbitrary motion of a calibrated stereo rig from a noisy sequence. In the proposed method, a projective camera model is used which is appropriate for scenes where the objects are close to the camera or where there is depth variation in the scene. We propose a feature-based method that estimates large 3D translation and rotation motion of a moving rig. The translational velocity and acceleration and angular velocity of the rig are then estimated using a recursive method. In addition, we account for different motion types such as pure rotation and pure translation in different directions. In our studies, we assume that the rig motion is noisy, i.e., the acceleration and velocity of the camera are not perfectly constant. Our experimental results show that we obtain accurate estimates of rotation matrix and translation vector parameters across different test-cases with large and small baselines. For long sequences, the estimated motion parameters are within ±10 pixels.
Low Bit-Rate Image Coding Based on Pyramidal Directional Filter Banks

This paper presents a novel embedded image coding system based on the pyramidal multidirectional image representation. The multiscale filter bank is a combination of the overcomplete pyramidal directional filter bank at higher scales and the traditional maximally-decimated wavelet filter bank at lower scales, to provide a sparse image representation. The coding algorithm then efficiently clusters the significant coefficients using progressive morphological operations. Context models for arithmetic coding are designed to exploit the intra-band dependency and the correlation existing among the neighboring directional subbands. Experimental results show that the proposed coding algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art wavelet based coders, such as JPEG2000, for images with directional features
Linear-phase paraunitary filter banks with complex-valued frequency responses

In this paper, a new design algorithm for complex-valued paraunitary filter banks with conjugate symmetry is proposed which leads the analysis and synthesis filters to have linear-phase frequency responses. The lattice structures proposed in this paper can be treated as a generalization of the factorization of real-valued linear-phase filter banks. Pure-imaginary filter banks can be designed as a special case in the new algorithm. Implementation algorithms and design results of complex-valued filter banks with 8 and 16 channels are included to verify the lattice structures in the design. The filter banks demonstrate linear-phase characteristics in both the time and frequency domain.
Design and Development of the Vision Sorting System

Sorting is one of the important tasks in production line and it has an appreciable effect to the homogeneous of products. Using vision system to increase productivity in automatic sorting system interests a large of researchers. In this paper, we recommend a vision sorting system based on computer that can identify the position and properties of fruits. The sorting system uses the high resolution camera placed on the top of the mechanical conveyor belt. With the images captured by the camera, the software will perform the algorithms to identify the characteristics of the object (ei. tomatoes, passion fruits) to sort and give the location of sorted objects to database, the data of objects can be used by pick and place process that synchronize with controller of the actuators. The sorting process comprising the steps of: detecting the object, determine the object properties as color, size, shape,..., locate the sorted object, calculate the actual gripping position, the results of the sorting process will be stored and converted into signals to communicate with the control system of actuators to perform the sorting tasks. The algorithms will be experimented on tomatoes and passion fruits, results will be analyzed and evaluated to calculate the stable of the vision system, so that the productivity and accurate efficiency is appropriate.
Frequency Selective KYP Lemma and its Applications to IIR Filter Bank Design

For a transfer function/filter F(e<sup>jω</sup>) of order n, Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma characterizes the intractable semi-infinite programming (SIP) condition F(e<sup>-jω</sup>)1 Θ [F(e<sup>jω</sup>)1]<sup>T</sup> ≥ 0 ∀ ω in frequency domain by a tractable semi-definite programming (SDP) in state-space domain. Some recent results generalize this lemma to SDP for SIP of frequency selectivity (FS-SIP). All these SDP characterizations are given at the expense of the introduced Lyapunov matrix variable of dimension n × n, making them impractical for high order problem. Moreover, the existing SDP characterizations for FS-SIP do not allow to formulate synthesis/design problems as SDPs. In this paper, we propose a completely new SDP characterization of general FS-SIP, which is of moderate size and is free from Lyapunov variables. Extensive examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of our result.
An Interconnection Network Exploiting Trade-Off between Routing Table Size and Path Length

Various parallel applications require a low-latency interconnection network to achieve high performance and high scalability. Recently proposed random network topologies achieve low latency, but they require each switch to have a large number of routing table entries, e.g., larger than N for an N-node network, for implementing a minimal routing. In this study, we propose the use of a random network topology with our new routing scheme so that the required routing table size becomes small, e.g., 528 for 8192 nodes, at each switch. Our main finding is that our routing algorithm cannot always follow the minimal paths, but its average path length is still short when compared to that of existing network topologies.
Novel Example-Based Method for Super-Resolution and Denoising of Medical Images

In this paper, we propose a novel example-based method for denoising and super-resolution of medical images. The objective is to estimate a high-resolution image from a single noisy low-resolution image, with the help of a given database of high and low-resolution image patch pairs. Denoising and super-resolution in this paper is performed on each image patch. For each given input low-resolution patch, its high-resolution version is estimated based on finding a nonnegative sparse linear representation of the input patch over the low-resolution patches from the database, where the coefficients of the representation strongly depend on the similarity between the input patch and the sample patches in the database. The problem of finding the nonnegative sparse linear representation is modeled as a nonnegative quadratic programming problem. The proposed method is especially useful for the case of noise-corrupted and low-resolution image. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art super-resolution methods while effectively removing noise.
Lightning current measurement with fiber-optic sensor

A fiber-optic current sensor is successfully developed with many potential applications for electric current measurement. Originally developed for in-flight lightning measurement, the sensor utilizes Faraday Effect in an optical fiber. The Faraday Effect causes linear light polarization in a fiber to rotate when the fiber is exposed to a magnetic field. The polarization change is detected using a reflective polarimetric scheme. Forming fiber loops and applying Ampere's law, measuring the total light rotation results in the determination of the total current enclosed. The sensor is conformable to complex structure geometry. It is also non-conductive and immune to electromagnetic interference, saturation or hysteresis. Installation is non-intrusive, and the sensor can be safely routed through flammable areas. Two similar sensor systems are described in this paper. The first system operates at 1310nm laser wavelength and is capable of measuring approximately 300 A - 300 kA, a 60 dB range. Laboratory validation results of aircraft lighting direct and in-direct effect current amplitudes are reported for this sensor. The second system operates at 1550nm wavelength and can measure about 400 A - 400 kA. Triggered-lightning measurement data are presented for this system. Good results are achieved in all cases.
PLGA Micro- and Nanoparticles Loaded Into Gelatin Scaffold for Controlled Drug Release

Curcumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as model drugs and loaded into microand nanoparticles of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The PLGA was incorporated into hydrophilic and biocompatible gelatin scaffolds to design a controlled drug release system. The gelatin scaffolds were cross-linked using glutaraldehyde. The controlled delivery of drugs from biologically active PLGA microand nanoparticles was measured and these showed consistent release for 30 days. Curcuminand BSA-loaded PLGA micro/nanoparticles-based gelatin scaffolds define a novel approach to embed multiple drug molecules to overcome multidrug resistance as well as depict a new type of biocompatible and biodegradable implant. Such scaffold constructs can be used for breast implants after lumpectomy to not only overcome cosmetic issues, but also to provide sustained drug release during healing process. In one type of construct, only BSA-loaded microparticles were mixed with gelatin, while in the other type of construct, both BSAand curcumin-loaded PLGA microparticles were embedded. BSAand curcumin-loaded nanoparticles were also embedded into gelatin constructs to see the effects of particle size on drug release. After 30 days, cumulative BSA release from PLGA microand nanoparticles embedded in gelatin scaffold were measured to be 69.87% and 86.11%, respectively. The cumulative release of curcumin was measured to be 53.11% and 60.42% from curcumin-loaded PLGA microand nanoparticles, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen in cumulative drug release from these scaffolds (p value <; 0.05).
Extension of the multi-scattering approach to stochastic polarized wave propagation in complex cavities

The solution of the full Maxwell equations in complex geometry at GHz frequencies is an extremely difficult computational task, especially within a loaded aircraft cavity. Instead of a direct solution to Maxwell equations, we utilize the multi-scattering formalism which solves a stochastic parabolic wave equation. The solution of the stochastic parabolic equation for complex problems dramatically reduces the computational time by many orders of magnitude. Provided the wave length is the shortest length scale of interest, backscatter effects are deemed negligible and the axial propagation direction of the wave down the fuselage becomes the "time" coordinate in the resulting parabolic wave equation. Here we extend our earlier results (Vahala et al. (2004)) to account for wave polarization.