nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel UWB imaging system setup for computer-aided breast cancerv diagnosis

Microwave imaging using UWB radar has been proved as a promising technique for breast cancer diagnosis. However, most of the researches in this domain are based on simulated environment, due to the fact of complex system setup. Few groups have built up an actual UWB imaging system for real life experiment. In this paper we present a novel UWB imaging system setup for breast cancer diagnosis. The system consists of one horn antenna as the transmitter, and a 4-element linear planar antenna array as the receiver to collect the backscattered signal. Based on this system setup, we propose a data-driven approach using linear classifier to detect tumor presence and further explore tumor characteristics, without constructing the UWB image. This approach bypasses the complicated image reconstruction algorithm and ill-posed inverse problem. With the low complexity system setup, our data-driven approach gives promising results in the breast cancer diagnostic experiment. The experiment shows that this system setup can be adopted as a prototype for research project in computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer.
ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database

The explosion of image data on the Internet has the potential to foster more sophisticated and robust models and algorithms to index, retrieve, organize and interact with images and multimedia data. But exactly how such data can be harnessed and organized remains a critical problem. We introduce here a new database called “ImageNet”, a large-scale ontology of images built upon the backbone of the WordNet structure. ImageNet aims to populate the majority of the 80,000 synsets of WordNet with an average of 500-1000 clean and full resolution images. This will result in tens of millions of annotated images organized by the semantic hierarchy of WordNet. This paper offers a detailed analysis of ImageNet in its current state: 12 subtrees with 5247 synsets and 3.2 million images in total. We show that ImageNet is much larger in scale and diversity and much more accurate than the current image datasets. Constructing such a large-scale database is a challenging task. We describe the data collection scheme with Amazon Mechanical Turk. Lastly, we illustrate the usefulness of ImageNet through three simple applications in object recognition, image classification and automatic object clustering. We hope that the scale, accuracy, diversity and hierarchical structure of ImageNet can offer unparalleled opportunities to researchers in the computer vision community and beyond.
Nonlinear control of triple inverted pendulum based on T-S cloud inference network

The triple inverted pendulum is a nonlinear, dynamic and unsteady system. The traditional control methods of triple inverted pendulum have limited control accuracy and slow responding. This kind of pendulum system is difficult to control due to the inherent instability and nonlinear behavior. In this paper, GA-RBF-ARX model is applied to model triple inverted pendulum based on its input/output data. According to the nonlinear identification model, a novel method via T-S cloud inference network controller optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. T-S cloud inference network is constituted by T-S fuzzy neural network and the cloud model. Therefore, the rapid of fuzzy logic and the uncertain of cloud model for processing data are both taken into account. What's more, GA possesses global optimization characteristics and good parallel design structure. Compared with the simulation recognition results of T-S fuzzy neural network controller, T-S cloud reference network controller has strong robust and fast calculate speed. So, T-S cloud inference network by GA is an effective method in control.
A method for retrieving high-resolution surface soil moisture by downscaling AMSR-E brightness temperature

This paper presents a method to retrieve surface soil moisture at high-resolution from brightness temperature. To obtain high resolution brightness temperature, downscaling brightness temperature uses higher resolution visible/infrared satellite data and is based on the method of retrieving land surface temperature with passive microwave and the relationship between Microwave Polarization Difference Index (MPDI) and NDVL High resolution soil moisture is retrieved with downscaled brightness temperature using a single-channel algorithm (SCA), and the Qp model used to deal with the influence of roughness. Downscaled brightness temperature is compared with the aircraft data during the Experiment in the Heihe River Basin in China. The retrieved high resolution soil moisture is compared with in situ (0-6 cm depth) point measurements during SMEX02, obtaining R2 = 0.74 and RMSE as 0.047 cm3 cm-3.
Research on energy conversion efficiency of helical coil electromagnetic launcher

During operation of electromagnetic launcher (EML), the electric energies from power supply are mainly converted to the magnetic energy in the launcher, joule heat loss and the kinetic energy of armature. The magnetic energy in helical coil electromagnetic launcher (HEML) are not only consumed by the muzzle arc but also lost in commutation process. The magnetic energy loss in commutation process, joule heat loss in armature acceleration process and the cause of arc are investigated in the present article. The kinetic energy conversion efficiency of HEML, typically greater than 50%(Lc'/M '<; 1) which explains the high efficiency of HEML, is obtained. It is related to the length of the launcher, the greater the length, the higher the efficiency. The energy conversion efficiencies of HEML under zero current and constant current exiting modes are deduced. The longer acceleration length, higher current and mutual inductance gradient result in higher velocity, less joule heat loss and higher efficiency. The mutual inductance gradient and energized coil resistance are important to the energy conversion efficiency.
Observation and analysis of micro pizza defects in organosilicon coatings of industrial manufacture

A transparent hard coating of Organosilicon (SiOx) material can protect plastics and metals. This investigation on SiOx was to optimize a protective film for plastic lenses and covers of mobile phones to upscale the process to an industrial size. Hexamethyldisiloxane and oxygen has been used as precursor gas. The coating was deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). Analysis of the coating by means of the optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) shows that there are four kinds of micro pizza defects classed. Mechanism on defects of the organosilicon coating is discussed.
A sensorless flux oriented control scheme for a DFIG connected to a DC link

In this paper, a novel sensorless flux-oriented control scheme is presented to connect a DFIG to a dc link with arbitrary stator frequency. The rotor side of the DFIG is connected to the dc link through a converter while the stator is connecting to a three phase diode bridge with the dc side connected to a dc link. The control method used in this paper is regulating the stator frequency and the d-q axis voltage of the diode bridge to operate the DFIG at a desired stator frequency and generate the required power. The low-order harmonics in the stator current of DFIG are detected and regulated through control of the rotor currents based on multiple reference frame theory. Matlab/Simulink is employed to investigate the performance of proposed methods.
Hyperbolic linear units for deep convolutional neural networks

Recently, rectified linear units (ReLUs) have been used to solve the vanishing gradient problem. Their use has led to state-of-the-art results in various problems such as image classification. In this paper, we propose the hyperbolic linear units (HLUs) which not only speed up learning process in deep convolutional neural networks but also obtain better performance in image classification tasks. Unlike ReLUs, HLUs have inheriently negative values which could make mean unit outputs closer to zero. Mean unit outputs close to zero means we can speed up the learning process because they bring the normal gradient close to the natural gradient. Indeed, the difference called bias shift between natural gradient and the normal gradient is related to the mean activation of input units. Experiments with three popular CNN architectures, LeNet, Inception network and ResNet on various benchmarks including MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 demonstrate that our proposed HLUs achieve significant improvement compared to other commonly used activation functions1.
Packet delivery through difficult wireless channel

An algorithm is proposed for user terminals to overcome time uncertainty and power uncertainty, and to achieve successful access to the network through the slotted ALOHA contention channel in broadband wireless and satellite communication networks. For security reasons, the network feedback does not contain user identification information. Each user terminal has to figure out whether its packet is successfully received. It is shown that packets can be successfully delivered within a reasonably small delay by employing the proposed multiple access algorithm.
Estimation of Growing Season Daily ET in the Middle Stream and Downstream Areas of the Heihe River Basin Using HJ-1 Data

Spatial mapping of evapotranspiration (ET) is specifically critical for the semi-arid inland river basin with great heterogeneity in land-cover types. This letter estimates the spatial distribution of daily ET over the middle stream and downstream areas of the Heihe River Basin during the growing season of 2012 by using the Surface Energy Balance System algorithm with land surface temperature at high spatial resolution (300 m) derived from observations by the Chinese satellite HJ-1. The results demonstrate that ET estimates are consistent with ground-based measurements collected during the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) with acceptable accuracy. The magnitude of daily ET in the downstream area is obviously lower than that in the middle stream area. Further analysis based on classification maps shows that there is significant temporal-spatial heterogeneity of daily ET over different land-cover surfaces and also within the same vegetation type. The temporal variation of ET in the middle stream area has clear seasonality with an obvious peak in July, whereas it is flat in the downstream area due to the dominating arid-region vegetation species and low soil water content in growing season. In addition, because of the abundant irrigation in the maize and irrigated orchard fields, the daily ET values of them are higher than that of wetland and even comparable with that of water surface in the middle stream area of the Heihe River Basin.
Markerless human body motion capture using multiple cameras

In this paper, we present an approach for markerless model-based full human-body motion capture using multi-view images as input. We extract volume data (voxels) representation from the silhouettes extracted from multiple-view video images by the method of shape from Silhouettes (SFS), and match our predefined human body model to the volume data. We construct an energy field in the volume of interest based on the volume data and human body model with pose parameters, and transform the matching to an energy minimizing problem. By dynamic graph cut, we get the minimum energy of certain pose parameters, and at last we optimize the pose parameters using Powell algorithm with a novel approach that uses the linear prediction guiding the optimization process and get the pose recovered. Through the test results on several video sequences of human body movements in an unaugmented office environment, we demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach.
COR-Based Concurrency Control Strategies in Functional Alternative Real-Time Transaction Model

This paper present a Functional Alternatives Transaction Model (short for FATM), which provides multiple execution path for the important transactions. Based on FATM, we divide the alternative into multiple Critical Operation Region (short for COR). After that we analyze and propose the strategies that can improve the concurrence of the alternatives. The performance of our method is evaluated via simulation experiments, and the results show that the proposed method is efficient and can effectively improve the concurrence of the transactions, and hence increase the successful execution ratio of the transactions.
Feedback phase-shift controlling for dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser

The physical model of single-ring feedback phase-shift controlling and the model of dual-ring feedback phase-shift controlling are proposed in this text according to the method of chaos feedback phase-shift for dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser. On this basis, the output of system was simulated by computer. After synthetically analyzing the simulating result, we reached a conclusion that it's effective to control the output into chaos state, stable state or periodic state. By comparison, we knew the feedback coefficient and feedback phase-shift have a different impact on different models.
NHZ-TH sequences for quasi-synchronous UWB systems

In this paper, we propose a novel set of time-hopping (TH) sequences with no-hit zone (NHZ) suitable for quasi-synchronous time-hopping spread spectrum ultra wideband (QS-THSS-UWB) systems. Different from the existing NHZ-TH sequences, the constructed NHZ-TH sequences not only have good TH auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties in the range of NHZ, but also have large ratio of the number of sequence elements to the number of time slots. As a result, the QS-THSS-UWB systems employing such NHZ-TH sequences can be without multiple-access interference (MAI) as long as the shifts between sequences don't exceed the NHZ, while the ability of anti-detection and anti-interception of systems will be improved greatly. We provide the construction algorithm of such NHZ-TH sequences and analyze its TH correlation properties. Also, the performance comparison between the proposed NHZ-TH sequences in this paper and the existing NHZ-TH sequences is presented
Improved self-adaptive genetic algorithm with quantum scheme for electromagnetic optimisation

In this study, an accurate and efficient quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) combined with an improved self-adaptive (SA) scheme is proposed to solve electromagnetic optimisation problems. QGA is employed as the main optimisation frame because of its wider search range and higher efficiency than the conventional genetic algorithm. By introducing an improved SA scheme, the population at each generation is divided into two groups for crossover operation according to the magnitudes of individual fitness values. The crossover probability and mutation rate remain unchanged at the early stage of iterative process while the SA scheme will be carried out for the rest of the iterative process. Moreover, the elitist model is introduced to save the optimal father-individuals and abandon the worst ones. All these strategies make the whole population nearly converge to the optimal solution very fast. In two numerical examples of filter design and linear array synthesis, the effectiveness of the author's proposed optimisation algorithm, combined with the finite-difference time-domain method and finite-element method in HFSS, respectively, is verified.
Multi-Task Rank Learning for Visual Saliency Estimation

Visual saliency plays an important role in various video applications such as video retargeting and intelligent video advertising. However, existing visual saliency estimation approaches often construct a unified model for all scenes, thus leading to poor performance for the scenes with diversified contents. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-task rank learning approach which can be used to infer multiple saliency models that apply to different scene clusters. In our approach, the problem of visual saliency estimation is formulated in a pair-wise rank learning framework, in which the visual features can be effectively integrated to distinguish salient targets from distractors. A multi-task learning algorithm is then presented to infer multiple visual saliency models simultaneously. By an appropriate sharing of information across models, the generalization ability of each model can be greatly improved. Extensive experiments on a public eye-fixation dataset show that our multi-task rank learning approach outperforms 12 state-of-the-art methods remarkably in visual saliency estimation.
Rotor displacement sensorless control strategy for PM type bearingless motor based on the parameter identification

A rotor radial displacement estimation scheme using high frequency signal injection in the torque winding was suggested, which will meet the need of displacement sensorless operation for an inset PM type bearingless motor. And the inductance parameters in the torque winding and suspension winding used for the position estimation are online identified using the recursive least-squares method to improve the self-sensing accuracy with the consideration of the saturation condition. The rotor radial displacement detecting principle, such as the injection of high-frequency carrier signal, the differential voltage extraction in the suspension winding, the design of the tracking observations for rotor radial displacement estimation, and the parameter identification technique were all discussed. Simulation study demonstrates that the proposed method is capable of effectively estimating the rotor radial displacement for an inset PM type bearingless motor and is able to achieve stable sensorless suspension operation.
Distributed intelligent railway traffic control based on fuzzy decision-making

A multileveled distributed railway traffic control system, which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional centralized railway traffic control systems, is proposed in this paper. The system structure, function distribution and interactions among different hierarchies of the proposed system is addressed in detail. The intelligent control algorithm corresponding to the system is also put forward in detail. The algorithm, which is based on distributed intelligence, knowledge engineering and fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making, can realize the control strategy traffic control. The feasibility of the approach proposed has been proved by simulations.<<ETX>>
A fast randomized circle detection algorithm

In this paper, we present a fast randomized circle detection algorithm applied to determine the centers and radii of circular components. Firstly, the gradient of each pixel in the image is computed using Gaussian template. Then, the edge map of the image, obtained by applying canny edge detector, is tackled to acquire the curves consisting of 8-adjacency connected edge points. Subsequently, for the detection of the center, N edge points for each curve are picked up, and the point, passed through by the most gradient lines of the edge points, corresponds to a center. The radius can be received by computing the distance between the center and the corresponding edge points. The algorithm performs much better in terms of efficiency compared to randomized circle detection algorithm (RCD), in which a mass of accumulations are done by random sampling. Synthetic images and natural images are used to test the capability of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the presented algorithm consumes less computing resources, has excellent performance for detection of single circle, multiple circles, concentric circles, partial circles and overlapped circles, and also has good accuracy despite the presence of different noises and interference.
Design and Analysis for Acoustic Emission Source Location Algorithm of Three-Dimensional Braided Composites

The technique is established for performance–analysis and inner failure location of three-dimensional braided composites, which is based on the wave transmission of the acoustic emission and the equation of time location method. We have a few of failure three-dimensional braided composites which is seemed a crack on the material obviously. The crack is formed by the break yarn when the material are braiding. The difference is compared between the measure and acoustic emission detection method. Experimental results show that acoustic emission source location algorithm by the computer agreed well with the actual location.
Notice of Retraction The research on comprehensive strength of China's modern service industry based on factor analysis

Based on the illustration of concepts of modern service industry, we established the index system evaluating comprehensive strength of Chinese modern service industry, and quantitatively analyzed the comprehensive strength of the modern service industry of 31 provinces from China using SPSS software. Our results showed that these provinces in eastern China were stronger than those in central and western China in the term of comprehensive strength of the modern service industry, and there was not obvious difference in the term between provinces from western and central China. The level of economic development was an important factor determining comprehensive strength of the modern service industry of a province. Finally, we give suggestions on polices to improve the comprehensive strength of modern service industry of China.
An empirical study of behavior unconformity in web-based and non-web-based social networks

Social Networking Sites have recently been popular with researchers due to its wide coverage and heavy usage patterns. Much work has been done to investigate the interactions between web-based and non-web-based social networks, but not much attention is paid on the behavior unconformity between them. By applying nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm and visualization method to data collected from online and real-life social networks, we discover the link-patterns of web-based and non-web-based social networks among a certain group of students. By comparing the networking patterns, we prove the existence of behavior unconformity and show how behavior unconformity might strengthen the ties between the individuals.
Lowpass filter using 50/spl Omega/ microstrip line based on defected ground structure

A novel defected ground structure (DGS) with 50/spl Omega/ microstrip line is investigated for lowpass filter applications. The basic resonant element of the proposed DGS unit shows the characteristics of elliptic function. The equivalent lumped circuit model for the DGS is developed and its parameters are extracted. Based on the DGS, a lowpass filter with sharp rejection in the stopband using 50/spl Omega/ microstrip line is developed. The theoretical and measured results are presented.
Research on Topological Risk of Expressway Networks

Based on topological and functional natures of the expressway networks, this paper uses the graph theory and builds up the concept of expressway networks, and defines the network component nature. By referring to the risk theory, it analyzes the content of topological risk of expressway networks and builds the topological risk measures including the heterogeneity measures, connectivity measures and survivability measures. In view of the interconnected relationship between topological risk measures, a method framework oriented assessment of topological risk of expressway networks is established. Combining the situation of the project, setting the expressway networks of Beijing, the results suggest that the topological risk measures can reflect the risks in the expressway networks structure level, the risk evaluation results are in accordance with the real situation of expressway networks.