nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fermi-level unpinning on GaAs (111)A surface with direct ALD Al2O3

Although high-performance inversion-mode InGaAs NMOSFETs are demonstrated<sup>1–6</sup>, highperformance GaAs MOSFETs with directly deposited high-k dielectrics remain a big challenge. Some researchers believe that Fermi-level of GaAs is intrinsically pinned at the mid-gap with directly deposited ALD Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. In this paper, we systematically study the electrical properties of ALD Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> NMOSCAPs, PMOSCAPs, NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs on GaAs (111)A and use (100) as a reference. (111)A is a pure Ga polar surface instead of (100) Ga-As unpolar surface. The results obtained on GaAs (111)A surface are astonishingly different from those on GaAs (100) surface. Multi-probe investigations confirm that Fermi-level of GaAs is unpinned with direct ALD Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>.
The research of reaction abilities and errors distributions for the model of GM(1,1) to simulate equal difference and geometric ratio sequence

The model of GM(1,1) is one of the most important sections in the gray system theories. The abilities of reaction, which the original sequence data are simulated by the GM(1,1), are always noticed by many scholars. However, it is stopped in evaluation of prediction errors in one or two examples that the problem is researched in the present. In this paper, the abilities of GM(1,1) simulation for non-vibration sequence data, in which there are equal difference geometric ratio sequence data, is systematically researched and analyzed with the way of systematic thoughts and theories methods. On the basis of above, the result we got from our research provides good referring and consulting for using the GM(1,1) to predict the future data.
Scattering characteristics of metallic single wall carbon nanotubes embedded in dielectric medium

In this paper, a model for the metallic single carbon nanotubes embedded in dielectric medium is proposed and its scattering properties at normal incidence of the plane wave are investigated. Seven models are investigated for electromagnetic scattering via Mie scattering theory based on a quantum mechanical conductivity and effective boundary conditions of Carbon nanotubes. The differences of scattering cross-section among Carbon nanotubes embedded in dielectric medium, single Carbon nanotubes and pure dielectric medium are presented. The results obtained can explain the advantages of Carbon nanotubes in practical applications clearly, which include promoting the mechanical strength used as THz transmission lines without changing their electromagnetic properties, increasing the current-carrying capacity to achieve high speed transmission lines, and realizing higher radiation efficiency of nano-antennas. Furthermore, the results of this paper also provide helpful reference for potential applications of the mixture of Carbon nanotubes and dielectric medium in biomedicine fields.
A novel system architecture for web scale applications using lightweight CPUs and virtualized I/O

Large web-scale applications typically use a distributed platform, like clusters of commodity servers, to achieve scalable and low-cost processing. The Map-Reduce framework and its open-source implementation, Hadoop, is commonly used to program these applications. Since these applications scale well with an increased number of servers, the cluster size is an important parameter. Cluster size however is constrained by power consumption. In this paper we present a system that uses low-power CPUs to increase the cluster size in a fixed power budget. Using low-power CPUs leads to the situation where the majority of a server's power is now consumed by the I/O sub-system. To overcome this, we develop a virtualized I/O sub-system where multiple servers share I/O resources. An ASIC based high-bandwidth interconnect fabric, and FPGA based I/O cards implement this virtualized I/O. The resulting system is the first production quality implementation of cluster-in-a-box that uses low-power CPUs. The unique design demonstrates a way to build systems using low-power CPUs, allowing a much larger number of servers in a cluster in the same power envelope. To overcome software inefficiency and increase the utilization of virtualized disk bandwidth, optimizations necessary for the operating system are also discussed. We built hardware based on these ideas and experiments on this system show a 3X average improvement in performance-per-Watt-hour compared to a commodity cluster with the same power budget.
A new soft bionic starfish robot with multi-gaits

Nowadays, research on soft robots has attracted attention and participation of many scholars. In this paper, we describe a new starfish robot with multi-gaits and soft bionic design inspired by live starfishes which possess hydraulic water-vascular systems and different movements. The driving system of the robot is composed of Ti-Ni SMA spring actuators which are known for large energy density per cycle and deformation. By the application of simple sequential controllers, the five-limbed starfish robot can fulfill multiple gaits freely, such as standing, crawling and navigating through obstacles. A test of the SMA spring actuator was performed to analyze the basic operating characteristics of the artificial actuator. Experimental results show that it is effective to produce multi-gaits of soft starfish robot via simple structural design and control strategy.
A Novel Waveguide to Microstrip Transition in Millimeter-Wave LTCC Module

In this paper, a novel Ka-band rectangular waveguide to microstrip transition in LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) modules is presented. This structure is based on the principle of slot coupling between waveguide and microstrip, and has the metal filled via holes as waveguide walls in LTCC multi-layer substrates. This type of waveguide to microstrip transition eliminates the need for specially shaped LTCC substrate inside the waveguide and is very tolerant to small errors in mechanical misalignment between the LTCC substrate and the rectangular waveguide. This proposed structure is validated by full-wave simulations and experimental measurements.
Emotion-detecting Based Model Selection for Emotional Speech Recognition

As known to all, the performance of speech recognition degrades dramatically in the presence of emotion. How to deal with emotion issue properly is crucial. Most widely used approaches include robust feature extraction, speaker normalization and model tuning/retraining. In the study, a novel method is proposed, that is, adaptation technique is adopted to transform a general model into emotion-specific one with a small amount of emotion speech. Moreover, a model-selection strategy based on emotion-detection was proposed and proven to be effective, and the overall mean recognition rate increased to 80.79% with an Error Rate Reduction (ERR) of 16.55% compared to the neutral speech Acoustic Model (AM).
A green wave band model considering variable queue clearance time

The variable queue clearance time model is derived by analyzing the relation between the adjacent upstream intersection's departure traffic flow pattern and the offset time. To take the variable queue clearance time into consideration, the proposed revised MAXBAND model combines the variable queue clearance time model and traditional MAXBAND model. After the process of variant substitute, the revised MAXBAND model can still be solved by classical MILP solution method. An example with two intersections is given, and the results of the proposed model and simulation indicate that, the revised model is better than traditional model in arterial control since the consideration of variable queue clearance time. In the example arterial, the revised model increases the effective green-wave bandwidth by 31.6%, and decreases the average arterial delay by 12.6%.
A compact millimeter-wave transceiver with high power

In this paper, a compact transceiver module with high performance, which operating at Ka- band frequency, had been developed. This transceiver module has high RF output power about 35dBm, <4.5dB receive noise figure and narrow bandwidth about 1%. The important factor for this compact transceiver module is GaAs based MMIC technology and advanced packaging techniques. We believe that it will be used in many applications.
A novel millimeter-wave wideband BPF based on three-line stripline structure with LTCC technology

A novel millimeter-wave LTCC based on three-line stripline structure wideband bandpass filter is presented. Folded structures are employed to realize minimization. Compared with traditional three-line structure, the presented structure can easily expand the passband with using much more compact 3-D structure, and introduce one transmission zero by putting resonators in a folded way, so that the rejection of stop-band is increased without adding the number of resonators. The simulation results are between the 32GHz-40GHz, the insertion loss is less than 0.6dB and return loss is better than 17dB and the out-band rejection is good. It could be used in wideband and UWB channelized TR module.
On the Classification of Prostate Pathological Images Based on Gleason Score

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers caused in men and automated classification results which can be provided as objective references are of great significance. Here we present a study of classification of histological images of prostate based on both morphological features and textural features. At first we get two tissues of prostate cancer which including nuclei, lumen from the image, then a total of 40 morphological and textural features from each digitized images of histological prostate tissue specimens. After feature selection, a support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the digitized histology slides into two classes: "Gleason score=7". In our experiments the SVM classifier achieving an accuracy of 90.67% within the training set and 74.81% within the test set, respectively.
Reaction mechanism of ZrCl/sub 4/ with Ge/Si(100)-(2/spl times/1): A density functional theory study of initial stage of ZrO/sub 2/ atomic layer deposition on SiGe alloy surface

The reaction mechanism of ZrCl/sub 4/ adsorption and dissociation on Ge/Si(100)-(2/spl times/1) surface is investigated with density functional theory. The Si-Si, Si-Ge and Ge-Ge one-dimer cluster models are employed in the calculation to represent Ge/Si(100)-(2/spl times/1) surface with different Ge composition. The reaction of ZrCl/sub 2/ with hydroxylated Ge/Si(100)-(2/spl times/1) surface forms a bridged ZrCl/sub 2/ site, while on H-passivated surface ZrCl/sub 3/ site is formed. The reaction energy barrier of ZrCl/sub 2/ with H-passivated SiGe surface is much higher than ZrCl/sub 4/ with hydroxylated SiGe surface, which indicates that the reaction proceeds more slowly on H-passivated surface than on OH-terminated surface. The adsorbates and products on Ge-Ge dimer cluster model of Ge/Si(100)-(2/spl times/1) are most stable while structures on Si-Si dimer cluster model are least stable.
A hybrid SOM-SVM method for analyzing zebra fish gene expression

Microarray technology can be employed to quantitatively measure the expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment. It has become one of the main tools for global gene expression analysis in molecular biology research in recent years. The large amount of expression data generated by this technology makes the study of certain complex biological problems possible, and machine learning methods are expected to play a crucial role in the analysis process. We present our results from integrating a self-organizing maps (SOM) and a support vector machine (SVM) for the analysis of the various functions of zebra fish genes based on their expression. We discuss how SOM can be used as a data-filtering tool to improve the classification performance of the SVM on this data set.
The design and implementation of a telecom management system based on workflow

The rapid development of telecom services and the competence from the market places have forced most telecom company to change their business processes to satisfy customer requirements constantly. Thus, the development of a telecom management system that can satisfy the ever-changing customer requirements is increasingly needed. This kind of system should be flexible, scalable and have the ability of adapting to these changes. Workflow is the computerized automation of a business process. Information system supported by workflow technology can be flexible, extensible and etc. Therefore, it is very suitable to develop a telecom management system with workflow technology. This work, first, analyzes how workflow technology can be used to develop a telecom management system. Then it details how the system is designed and implemented. The advantages of the system gained from using of workflow are also summarized. It's shown from practice, the ideal of the system has been proven valuable to the development of likewise systems.
Framework for building a low-cost, scalable, and secured platform for Web-delivered business services

Many business services are now being delivered over the Web. This method of delivery is attracting the attention of both small- and medium-sized businesses and providers of application-based services because of its easier access, more affordable fees, and greater efficiency in delivering services to massive numbers of receivers. However, it requires the resolution of several key technical challenges. Data security is of top priority for most users because their data reside on remote servers whose resources are shared among tenants. In addition, such a platform needs to meticulously control the operational and delivery costs so that it remains competitive compared with traditional approaches. We have been developing a low-cost, scalable, and secured platform for Web-delivered business services. The platform enables the delivery of business services over the Web with a set of common business and operational support services, including subscription management, massive multitenancy, federated identity management, Web application security protection, and more. For instance, massive multitenancy deals with the isolation of data and service performance for subscribers. In this paper, we discuss the framework for such a platform, the key challenges for realizing the framework, and the approaches for dealing with the challenges.
Chip-package co-design for mixed SoC

A chip-package co-design method is presented for high frequency mixed SoC. Based on the analysis of simulation result of package and chip, a RC circuit which is composed of resistor and capacitor is designed on chip to suppress the affect of Simultaneous Switch Noise(SSN). Consequently, chip-package co-simulation achieves a good agreement with measurement as the co-design method is used to predict the performance of mixed SoC.
A Generic Framework for Application Configuration Discovery with Pluggable Knowledge

Discovering application configurations and dependencies in the existing runtime environment is a critical prerequisite to the success of cloud migration, which attracts many attentions from both researchers and commercial vendors. However, the high complexity and diversity of enterprise applications as well as their runtime environment challenge the existing approaches which generally depend on the pre-built domain specific knowledge. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for application configuration discovery which can be applied even when the domain knowledge is missing or incomplete. We design a generic approach to significantly narrow down the configuration discovery scale based on the iterative comparison and enable users to manually identify configurations from reasonable scaled file sets with semantic tags. To maximize automation, we further design an easy extensible and pluggable knowledge base to assist configuration discovery. Through extensive case study, the capability and efficiency of our framework have been demonstrated.
3D Rotation Invariant Features for the Characterization of Molecular Density Maps

Cryo electron microscopy produces 3D density maps of large macromolecular structures. An important task lies in the efficient identification of structural similarities between different molecular density maps. Here we construct and test three different types of 3D rotation invariant features for template free similarity detection in molecular density maps. The density map comparison is based on feature vectors that describe the surrounding density distribution for a given map position. We propose Fast Fourier Transform based methods to speed up the computation of feature vectors. Previously, little is known about the discriminative power of rotation invariant features for noisy maps. Here, we test the three feature types with density maps at different noise levels. We assess the performance of our feature vectors by a classification experiment of protein density maps. Our results show that at low noise levels the three types of features perform equally well. However, at high noise levels the features that are constructed by a spherical harmonics decomposition of the density neighborhood is significantly more reliable and outperform the other two feature types, which are based on the moments and intensity histograms of the density distribution.
Design Criteria in Sizing Phase-Change RF Switches

This paper presents design criteria for four-terminal phase-change (PC) RF switches as a function of their dimensions, (heater width, RF gap, and barrier thickness), materials, and connection topology. Reducing heater width is shown to reduce switch actuation power, with this reduction ultimately being limited by the maximum allowed heater current density, as set by projected reliability. Narrower RF gaps are shown to increase switch cut-off frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\mathrm {CO}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, because they decrease on-state resistance more than they increase off-state capacitance. The balance of this increased <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\mathrm {CO}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus the estimated reduction in power handling as the RF gap shrinks is quantified. Barrier layers of AlN thicker than 200 nm are shown to be sufficient to electrically decouple the switch from the heater trace. Coupling to heater pads can also be significant unless pad sizes are reduced as in a monolithically integrated switch. Finally, it is demonstrated that division of the switch into multiple parallel segments is a viable approach for lowering the heater actuation voltage for CMOS integration. A 12.5% increase in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (~1.5 fF) was observed and 35% increase in actuation power at temperature was needed in a two-segment parallel switch, as compared to a single segment switch.
On revenue efficiency for coordinated multipoint transmission in heterogeneous cellular networks

This paper investigates the coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP) in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) by analyzing a cooperative scheme based on the maximum long-term average received power (MLRP). Using stochastic geometry, the outage probability (OP) and energy efficiency (EE) of a two-tier HCN operating under this scheme are derived, based on which the trade-off between OP and EE is discovered. A novel index named revenue efficiency (RE) is then proposed as a complementary performance measure for the trade-off. Simulation results show the OP-EE trade-off. It also reveal that the suitable trade-off points between OP and EE that will deliver the maximum economic profitability can be found. Tendencies discovered in this paper may provide the operators with opportunities for further optimization in pursuit of economic profitability.
Optimal Multiple-Impulse Time-Fixed Rendezvous Using Genetic Algorithm

The rendezvous of an orbiting vehicle with a target body in another orbit can be accomplished in a specified time by two or more impulses.Aiming to solve the minimum fuel,multiple-impulse and time-fixed rendezvous problem,the genetic algorithm method is used in this paper.The genetic algorithm is a direct method for solving this constrained optimization problem that is based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution. The 3-impulse rendezvous and 4-impulse rendezvous,and coplanar case and noncoplanar case have been simulated.The results obtained show that,the genetic algorithm is a feasible method to solve this problem.And the results obtained can be used to perform a fixed-time, minimum fuel missions,such as space rescue operations and avoidance maneuvers.
Temperature-Dependent Access Resistances in Large-Signal Modeling of Millimeter-Wave AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

In this paper, a new method for the separate extraction of the temperature-dependent source (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and drain (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) access resistances in gallium nitride (GaN) high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) by using the definition of access resistances is reported. Based on this method, the temperature-dependent access resistances (TDARs) of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.15~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate-length GaN HEMT with unequal gate-source and gate-drain distance are extracted. By integrating the extracted access resistances into a modified Angelov model, the effects of TDARs on millimeter-wave (mmW) large-signal performance of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.15~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GaN HEMT at different ambient temperatures (i.e., −55 °C, 25 °C, and 85 °C) are investigated. Moreover, the influence of temperature coefficient difference between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> due to the asymmetry of the device has been also revealed. The results show that the TDARs have large impact on the large-signal modeling of mmW GaN HEMTs, and the temperature coefficients of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> need to be considered separately in the modeling of asymmetric GaN HEMTs. The proposed TDARs extraction method would be useful for accurate modeling of GaN HEMTs at mmW frequencies.
Positioning information fusion methods

Vehicle positioning techniques have a broad application in ITS. The research of positioning information fusion methods is highly requested. Several novel information fusion methods on positioning purpose, which proved, excels the conventional single employed positioning techniques by various researchers are studied and a comparison of these methods is given in this paper. In order to improve positioning accuracy for respective requirements of various ITS services, and have each method take the complement role to reduce harmful interference, an integrative scheme of the discussed methods is proposed. A conclusion is drawn after giving the mathematical proof that the integrated scheme is able to provide even more accurate results than its component fusion subsystems.