nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplierless approximation of transforms using lifting scheme and coordinate descent with adder constraint

This paper describes an algorithm for systematically finding a multiplierless approximation of transforms where VLSI-friendly binary coefficients of the form k/2n are employed in the approximation. Assuming the cost of binary shifters is negligible in hardware, the total number of binary adders required to approximate the transform is used as the complexity constraint. The proposed algorithm is systematic and fast. It eliminates the need for trial-and-error binary approximations of the coefficients. Specifically, two types of multiplierless approximations of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) are presented to illustrate the algorithm.
On the completeness of the lattice factorization for linear-phase perfect reconstruction filter banks

In this letter, we re-examine the completeness of the lattice factorization for M-channel linear-phase perfect reconstruction filter bank (LPPRFB) with filters of the same length L=KM as discussed by Tran et al.  Jan. 2000). We point out that the assertion of completeness is incorrect. Examples are presented to show that the proposed lattice structure of Tran et al. is not complete when K>2. In addition, we verify that the lattice structure is complete only when K/spl les/2.
Study of artificial fish bladder system for robot fish

The robot fish, with straight and turn movement, is undertaken by the waving of body combined with caudal fins. In heaving motion, fish robot is propelled and controlled by pectoral fins or a changing system like the bladder in real fish. In this paper, the adjusting gravitation method was chosen to change the depth of sinking and make robot fish floating. Using this method, the mechanical structure of robotic fish is simple, easy to design a changing gravitation system, especially that it can sink vertically in water without any locomotion. A servomotor, a transmission device and a piston with cylinder are employed for a proposed design. The bladder system is an apparatus that can realize diving and floating control. It was inspired by biologic fish's bladder principle, so it named artificial fish bladder system. An analytic structure of fish bladder design were established and based on kinematic and dynamic analysis, affected to the gravity and buoyancy on robot fish. In addition, the research on the effect of bladder system for fish robot was confirmed by experimental results.
A formal approach facilitating the evolution of component-based software

The component-based approach is very effective in software development and evolution. The most challenging issue of the approach is component composition. Though components are syntactically compatible in their interfaces, once plugged together, they do not perform as expected because components are semantically inconsistent with each other, i.e. the component consistency problem. This paper gives a formal approach to strengthen component specification by including component semantic written in the temporal logic CTL. Based on this semantic information, components can be efficiently cross-checked for their consistency, even for future unanticipated component extensions during system evolution.
An instrumented glove for improving spasticity assessment

An instrumented glove worn by caregivers that can augment subjective assessments of spasticity with an objective, repeatable metric with reduced inter- and intra-rater variability and improved resolution over existing standards is highly desirable. We present the design and preliminary results of such a system using commercial, off the shelf (COTS) components. The glove includes spatially-resolved, force-dependent resistive sensor elements and an inertial measurement unit. We developed a mock patient that is equipped with a mechanism to adjust the arm stiffness, a load-cell and a potentiometer to measure the work done to move the arm. The mock patient provides ground truth to validate the proposed concept. We report the power measured by the sensors in the mock patient to move the arm and the power estimated by the glove in moving the arm and show Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.64. We observe that raw sensor data and instrumentation errors contributed to significant outliers in these experiments. Initial assessments by clinician show promise of the proposed approach to improve spasticity assessment. Future work includes improvements to instrumentation and further clinical evaluations.
Interpolated LIR Mth-band filter design with allpass subfilters

We propose a new allpass-based structure for the IIR Mth-and 2Mth-band filters. These filters consist of M allpass filters and an interpolation filter (sum of two allpasses). Consequently, the proposed structure is very efficient in implementation. By choosing the allpass phase appropriately, the resulting phase response of the IIR Mth-band filter becomes approximately linear. An example is designed and compared with FIR Mth-band filters.
Optimal wavelet filter design in scalable video coding

The design of a class of wavelet filters and its application in scalable video coding (SVC) is discussed in detail in this paper. The design method uses maximal flat wavelet filters as prototype filters and incorporates all other wavelet filter design requirements. The designed wavelet filters are optimal in a sense that best tradeoff between high stopband attenuation of analysis lowpass filter H/sub 0/(z) and flat passband response of synthesis lowpass filter F/sub 0/(z) is achieved. The simulation that compares the performances of the designed filters and Daubechies (9,7) filters in SVC are illustrated.
Image denoising using the non-uniform directional filter bank and hidden markov tree

The non-uniform directional filter bank (nuDFB) is a new two-dimensional decomposition of image that have both multiresolution and multidirectional properties. In this paper we proposed a hybrid filter bank that combine the nuDFB with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The new image decomposition is then used in image denoising application, where the hidden Markov model is applied to account for the inter-scale, inter-direction, and inter-location dependency
Analysing the performance of unslotted sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 employed EIED algorithm

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network formed by a large number of sensor nodes where each node is equipped with a sensor to detect physical phenomena in our life. On the networking technique aspect, WSNs are regarded as a information gathering mean from sensor nodes to collected data node in general scenario. With the rapid utilities of applications based sensory data, WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard will become the key technology for internet of things era. Beside some interesting advantages, a WSN has to face with several challenges which affected to network performance such as throughput or energy consumption, which originated from its Medium Access Control procedure. Hence, improving performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA is an interested aim for both researchers and operators in recent year. For our best knowledge, several previous studies focused on back-off algorithm for enhancing the network performance are proposed but just considered to Binary exponential Back-off only. To fill the gap, we propose a novel analytical model to analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 unslotted CSMA/CA employed Exponential Increase Exponential Decrease (EIED) back-off algorithm in this paper. Our model is validated by numerical results and show that the performance of EIED algorithm overcomes of BEB algorithm in term of throughput and energy consume.
Dual-spiral line loaded monopole antenna for quadband applications

This paper presents the dual-spiral strip line-loaded monopole antenna for multiband applications was presented. The antenna occupies a volume of 37 times 12 times 7 mm3 and supports a dual wide band covering Cellular, PCS, UMTS, and IMT-2000 bands. Considering its small size, dual wide bandwidth, and monopole-like radiation patterns, the proposed antenna is very suitable as an internal multiband antenna for mobile phone applications.
Correlation-based motion vector processing for motion compensated frame interpolation

In this paper, a novel correlation-based motion vector processing method is proposed for motion compensated frame interpolation. We first address the problem of unreliable motion vectors due to low correlation. Unlike other motion vector processing methods using vector median filter, we proposed using bidirectional prediction difference to select the best motion vectors with constraint on increasing motion vector correlation. Furthermore, to reduce the blockiness artifacts while maintaining edges, we use an adaptive vector averaging filter to obtain a finer motion field by taking motion vector correlation into account. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other methods in terms of visual quality and PSNR performance.
Application of radial basis function neuron networks in an identification and prediction of maximum power point of photovoltaic-array

Photovoltaic (PV)-array is difficult to model with analytical methods because it is highly non-linear characteristics, and the traditional model is not satisfied for the design of control systems. Because radial basis function neuron networks (RBFNN) have excellent ability to approach any complex non-linear function, this paper sets up the model of PV-array based on the radial basis function neuron network technique to avoid the complexity of the modeling. The solar radiation and ambient temperature impacting on PV-array are input variables of the RBFNN, the output voltage and current corresponding to the maximum power output of PV-array are output variables of the RBFNN. The training samples are a practice PV-array data given in predecessors' paper. The simulation results presented in this paper verify the RBFNN is an excellent modeling method for PV-array, the RBFNN model can be used to identify and predict the maximum power point of PV-array in its control system.
Dual domain method for single image dehazing and enhancing

In this paper, we propose a novel method for improving the visibility of an image (with fog or haze), as well as the image's details. The proposed method adjusts the global contrast in the spatial domain for dehazing fog or haze spread over images and then enhances the local contrast in the transform domain for reviving the details of images. Compared to the previous methods performing in the spatial domain only, the proposed method improves the visibility and quality of images significantly.
Depth estimation from focus and disparity

This paper explores how focusing and defocusing can be used in combination with stereoscopy to enhance the accuracy and speed of depth estimation. The proposed method for combining focus information with stereo is inspired from how the human brain perceives depth using both. The outline of the method is to first estimate depth from focus using a high focal length camera. Next, we perform disparity estimation from the stereo images by only searching in the neighborhood of the disparity from focus (derived from depth from focus) for matching features. The matching is faster as the search range is only a small neighborhood of the expected disparity map. It also increases the accuracy because searching over a small range of high confidence rules out the possibility of wrong matching, especially if there are multiple areas with similar features. Depth from focus can be coarsely approximated by depth from defocus using multiple cameras focused at complementary distances. Hence, the proposed method also works with depth from defocus.
The design of arbitrary-length cosine-modulated filter banks and wavelets, satisfying perfect reconstruction

FIR filter banks which satisfy the perfect-reconstruction (PR) property can be obtained by cosine modulation of a linear-phase prototype filter of length N=2mM, where M is the number of channels. A PR cosine-modulated filter bank is presented for which the length of the prototype filter is arbitrary. Additional regularity conditions are imposed on the filter bank to obtain the cosine-modulated orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Design examples are given.<<ETX>>
Low-order IIR filter bank design

The advantage of IIR filters over FIR ones is that the former require a much lower order to obtain the desired response specifications. However, the existing deterministic techniques for IIR filter bank design based on heuristic usually lead to too high order IIR filters and thus cannot be practically used. In this paper, we propose new method to solve the low-order IIR filter bank design, which is based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI) optimization. Our focus is the QMF bank design, although other IIR filter related problems can be treated and solved in similar way.
The Shiftable Complex Directional Pyramid—Part II: Implementation and Applications

In Part I ["The shiftable complex directional pyramid-Part I: Theoretical Aspects," ], we proposed a novel image decomposition called the shiftable complex directional pyramid. The shiftable, multiresolution and multidirectional image decomposition is constructed by the pyramidal dual-tree directional filter bank (PDTDFB). In this Part II, we consider the design and implementation issues of the PDTDFB and its applications in image processing. The PDTDFB is composed of a multiresolution filter bank (FB) and a pair of directional filter banks (DFB); the design of each FB is considered separately. The binary tree structure of the DFB is modified to minimize the phase delay factor in order to reduce the border artifact in case symmetric extension is used. The filters presented in this paper are designed in frequency domain, and approximated by finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters. Numerical experiments show that the filters from the dual branches approximate the Hilbert transform of those from the primal ones, and the resulting PDTDFB yields acceptable shiftability. The shiftable pyramid decomposition is then tested in image processing applications, including image denoising, texture retrieval and seismic image migration.
All-Optical Digital Circuits Exploiting SOA-Based Loop Memories

All-optical digital circuits based on loop memories are demonstrated. These circuits are a variable optical buffer, an optical random access memory, an optical shift register, and an optical linear feedback shift register. Buffers are employed in network nodes to solve the contentions without loosing information. Shift registers are used for error detection and correction techniques. Linear feedback shift registers are employed for generation of pseudo-random bit sequences, data scrambling, and encryption/decryption of information in secure communication systems. Since the role of optical processing is gradually increasing within the communication systems, the possibility to store information directly in the optical domain can lead to a systems simplification and to a performance improvement. In order to make the schemes suitable for practical applications, optical integration is necessary. The use of semiconductor optical amplifier as gain element into the memory loop allows all the proposed schemes to be integrated.
Numerical study of a log-periodic antenna on an extended hemispherical lens

This paper presents a numerical simulation of a log-periodic antenna on an extended hemispherical lens. The overall performance of the antenna in terms of input impedance, radiation patterns, and radiation efficiency was studied and analyzed with the aid of a full-wave electromagnetic simulator. A hybrid method combining geometrical optics inside the lens and physical optics outside the lens was not necessary for calculating the far-field pattern of the antenna using this approach. This direct approach reduced the number of simulation iterations and was capable of characterizing the antenna characteristics accurately.
Constraints on the cutoff frequencies of Mth-band linear-phase FIR filters

Constraints are derived for the cutoff frequencies of linear-phase FIR Mth-band filters such that the filters have good passband and stopband characteristics, i.e. ones that very closely approximate an ordinary (non Mth-band) filter designed using some optimal method. Constraints on lowpass filters are first considered, and the results are extended to multiband filters.
Generalized lapped orthogonal transform with unequal-length basis functions

In this paper, the theory, design, and implementation of the Generalized Lapped Orthogonal Transform (GenLOT) with unequal-length basis functions are investigated. Necessary constraints on the building blocks which lead to the reduction of the degrees of design freedom is explained along with other trade-offs. Our main motivation of the new transform is its application in block-based image coding. Besides having all of the attractive properties of other lapped orthogonal transforms, this new class of GenLOT takes advantage of its long basis functions to reconstruct smooth signal and to reduce blocking artifacts, while its short basis functions are used to represent edges and reduce ringing. Design and image coding examples are presented to confirm the validity of the theory.
Sparse reconstruction for disparity maps using combined wavelet and contourlet transforms

Disparity estimation is a key component in 3D image processing, yet dense estimation is a computationally intensive task. In this paper, we propose to estimate the dense disparities from a small set of spatial measurements. Observing that disparity maps mainly contain contours and smooth regions, we formulate the problem as a sparse reconstruction problem using a combined wavelet and contourlet bases. We show that the combined transform yields better reconstruction results than existing methods.
General analysis of two-band QMF banks

The two-channel perfect-reconstruction quadrature-mirror-filter banks (PR QMF banks) are analyzed in detail by assuming arbitrary analysis and synthesis filters. Solutions where the filters are FIR or IIR correspond to the fact that a certain function is monomial or nonmonomial, respectively. For the monomial case, the design problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The formulation is quite robust and is able to design various two-channel filter banks such as orthogonal and biorthogonal, arbitrary delay, linear-phase filter banks, to name a few. Same formulation is used for causal and stable PR IIR filter bank solutions.
Multiplierless approximation of transforms with adder constraint

This letter describes an algorithm for systematically finding a multiplierless approximation of transforms by replacing floating-point multipliers with VLSI-friendly binary coefficients of the form k/2/sup n/. Assuming the cost of hardware binary shifters is negligible, the total number of binary adders employed to approximate the transform can be regarded as an index of complexity. Because the new algorithm is more systematic and faster than trial-and-error binary approximations with adder constraint, it is a much more efficient design tool. Furthermore, the algorithm is not limited to a specific transform; various approximations of the discrete cosine transform are presented as examples of its versatility.
Subframe video synchronization by matching trajectories

We propose a novel approach to align unsynchronized video sequences of the same dynamic scene that can be subframe accurate and is applicable for different frame rate problem. The proposed approach relies on matching motion trajectories and it is assumed that the object moves on a planar surface. By exploring the invariants of planar trajectories under projective transformation, the cross ratio as an invariant feature is computed for each point along the trajectories and the similarity between invariant features of different trajectories is measured with a distance that takes into account the statistical properties of the cross ratio. Then the smooth high frame rate trajectory is synthesized for searching subframe temporal displacement under our alignment framework. The experimental results with synthetic and real-world sequences show that our approach achieves fairly accuracy and efficiency in subframe temporal alignment of the multiple unsynchronized video sequences.
LMI characterization for the convex hull of trigonometric curves and applications

In this paper, we develop a new linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, which is practical for solutions of the general trigonometric semi-infinite linear constraint (TSIC) of competitive orders. Based on the new full LMI characterization for the convex hull of a trigonometric curve, it is shown that the semi-infinite optimization problem involving TSIC can be solved by an LMI optimization problem with additional variables of dimension just n, the order of the trigonometric curve. Our solution method is very robust which allows us to address almost all practical filter design problems. Unlike most previous works involving several complex mathematical tools, our derivation arguments are based on simple results of the convex analysis and some formal elementary transforms. Furthermore, many filter/filterbank design problems can be reformulated as the optimization of linear/convex quadratic objectives over the TSIC. Based on this reformulation, these problems can be equivalently reduced to LMI optimization problems with the minimal size. Our examples of designing up to 1200-tap filters verifies the viability of our formulation.
Remote sensing and acoustic telemetry

There is a growing need for remote underwater sensing and imaging without the burden of cabled connectivity to the outside world, and the best method for achieving this is with acoustic communications. However, the acoustic link is only one aspect of the problem, as the sensor system needs to interface with the modem, and perhaps with intermediary subsystems to provide some level of data pre-processing. We are developing an integrated processor/modem capability to provide the sensor developer with much of the signal processing capability needed to prepare and store sensor-level data, and to transmit information and receive commands as required. Our prototype development for such a system is focused on still-frame image compression and transmission in support of robotic crawlers in a mine-countermeasure (MCM) mission. Image compression is based on novel wavelet-based algorithms developed in part by the University of California at San Diego (UCSD). The robotic crawlers are a development of Foster-Miller Inc. and the Naval Coastal Systems Station. Benthos provides the acoustic and RF links for command and control and image/sensor transmission. The sensor computer which performs the image compression is a micro-PC with extensive capabilities for R and D applications, including sensor-level data processing, in-situ data fusion, and connectivity to the modem. The modem currently supports signaling up to 2400 bps (raw data rate), although 100 bps to 800 bps are more likely to be used in other than vertical channels. We show examples of full and compressed images, the latter as received via an acomms-to-RF modem gateway buoy. Enhancements expected include incorporation of much higher data rate signaling methods, and customized signal processing for raw sensor-level data.