nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Stub-Loaded Theory and Its Application to Balanced Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Design

Novel stub-loaded theory is presented and applied to design balanced dual-band bandpass filter with independently controlled passband frequencies and bandwidths. According to the presented stub-loaded theory, the first differential-mode resonance can be independently designed by the loaded stubs, while not affecting the second one. Besides, except for the main coupling path, one more coupling path between the loaded stubs can be used to independently control the coupling coefficient of the first passband. Therefore, both the passband frequencies and bandwidths of each differential passband can be easily designed. To validate the proposed idea, the balanced dual-band BPF is designed, simulated and measured. Simulated and measured results are well agreed.
An improved concurrency control algorithm of cooperative design document based on marking

High reactivity cannot be achieved without each object being replicated on every site, when assuming a nonnegligible network latency in a cooperative design document system. It is an austerity challenge for concurrency control, and causes some new problems, such as intention-violation. The author designed a concurrency control method based on marking, which accords with integrity consistency model. However, it is inefficient at judging causality and concurrent operation. This paper brings forward an improved algorithm to solve this problem.
A Complete and Rapid Feature Extraction Method for Face Recognition

Feature extraction is one of the key steps in face recognition. In this paper, common vector is used to extract features from null space of within-class scatter matrix, which is independent of the sample index in the same class and accelerates the speed of feature extraction. Furthermore, effective features in regular space are extracted to enhance the performance of face recognition. The proposed method not only solves the small sample size problem, but also extracts more effective features from face images. Experimental results on two popular databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method
Wavelet Denoising Arithmetic Research Based on Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma CT Image

Early detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) has very important clinic value, and wavelet denoising arithmetic research of SHCC CT image, based on image processing technology, assists to diagnose the SHCC focus. According to the wavelet coefficient correlation, this article deducts, figures out and discards the feeble or irrelated coefficient of noise of SHCC CT image, and ultimately wipes off the noise.
A preliminary study on teaching quality assessment from the perspective of “students as customers ”

Higher education differs from country to country, region to region, and institution to institution. Despite the differences, the majority of higher education institutions aim at providing a good quality learning environment to their students. To achieve this goal, these institutions would employ high quality teachers, develop good quality and most up-to-date curriculum, and provide good teaching/learning facilities and environment to their students. To understand how effective these “services” are, institutions would use teaching evaluation as the means to collect feedback on their teaching service quality. In spite of its long history, it is questionable whether these assessments are truly reflecting students' perception on teaching quality as well as their satisfaction toward teaching performance. Built on top of PZB's SERVQUAL service quality measurement instrument, a set of teaching evaluation instrument was developed. 50 questionnaires of a pilot test were collected and results reveal that the five PZB service quality dimensions, except empathy and tangible dimensions, have statistical significant impact on students' satisfaction toward their teachers' teaching performance, while, overall satisfaction toward courses are influenced by students' satisfaction to their teachers and the PZB tangible dimension. Based on the preliminary findings, suggestions are made to educational practitioners to further improve their teaching service quality.
High-Efficiency, Broadband Converter From A Rectangular Waveguide TE10 Mode to A Circular Waveguide TM01 Mode for Overmoded Device Measurement

To accurately measure the performance of overmoded devices used in high-power microwave systems, a novel structure that effectively converts the TE10 mode in a rectangular waveguide to a high-purity TM01 mode in a circular waveguide is proposed. The circular TM01 mode is excited by a hybrid rectangular E-T waveguide structure, which uses a circular waveguide as the E element. Convex slots loaded at the rectangular waveguide, axially symmetric about the cylindrical waveguide, are introduced to suppress the competing lower order TE11 mode. A tuning stub loaded at the rectangular short wall is used to increase the frequency tuning range. The scattering matrix technique was used to study the mode converter along with the microwave network analysis method using some generalizations of the input port reflection and conversion efficiency, which were verified by the numerical full-wave simulation. Based on the theoretical analysis, an X-band TM01 mode generator is designed and measured. Low-power tests show that, when the length of the tuner increases from 5.7 to 11.7 mm, a wide frequency tuning range of ~500 MHz is obtained with a conversion efficiency of ~99%. Measured results and the theoretical analysis are in good agreement.
A Study on An Improved Algorithm of Self-Adaptive Clustering Network

A study has been made on the algorithm of adaptive clustering network. The fact that different feature component has different function has not been considered in the algorithm of adaptive clustering network. The weight of every feature component has been considered in obtaining winning node and vigilance test of it. The weighted distance has been introduced for the patterns. An improved algorithm of adaptive clustering network has been proposed based on the above considerations. We have made experiments on Anderson's data and singular value features of ORL image base respectively. The experimental results show that both effectiveness and adaptiveness of the proposed algorithm has been improved
Cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems by output feedback under intermittent communication topology

In this paper, the cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems by output feedback under aperiodic intermittent communication topology is studied. Firstly, the distributed dynamic measurement output feedback control laws are designed by the relative local intermittent information. A lemma for the switching output regulation system is obtained. And some sufficient conditions are derived for the cooperative output regulation under a directed intermittent communication topology. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the efficacy of the analytic results.
MAM/sup 2/ : a novel mixed adaptive messaging middleware

Messaging has been widely used in large scale distributed application of bank, finance, local data center, and even military applications. Current messaging service is either subscribe-publish (SP) or point-to-point (PTP) mode. But neither modes can satisfy the requirements of these applications. This paper introduces a mixed adaptive message middleware (MAM/sup 2/), which includes advantages of both modes. MAM/sup 2/ provides flexible, adaptive, high efficiency, and routing based on content messaging service for users. MAM/sup 2/'s prototype has been implemented and it is in testing stage.
The experimental criteria for judging the maximum bubble radius of laser-iduced bubble in different ambient pressures

The radius of laser-induced bubble in different ambient pressures is measured by a fiber-optic diagnostic technique based on laser-beam deflection probe (BDP). The experimental criteria for judging the maximum bubble radius are modified. The estimation value of the maximum radius is defined as the arithmetic mean of the value of the detecting distances at which the characteristic waveform signals appear. The estimation of root mean square error is also obtained. The maximum value and the expanding of bubble radius are obtained by means of the BDP signals and the modified criteria. The experimental results show that the less experiment is needed for obtaining the maximum radius, the maximum radius decreases with the ambient pressure increases. These results are useful to the investigations on cavitations and the measuring of bubble.
Building Competitive Advantage with Interorganizational Information Systems in Value Chain: Evidence from Chain Retail Industry

As the largest private retailer in the world, Wal-Mart employs more than 1.6 million associates worldwide and operates more than 5,000 units all over the world. And, about 140 million customers visit Wal-Mart stores weekly. In 2004, Wal-Mart accomplished USD285.2 billion sales globally. How can Wal-Mart create so much value? How does it manage so many suppliers and customers successfully? This paper argued that its competitive advantages are based on its successful interorganizational information system (IOIS). According to Bakos and Treacy, and Bartlett and Ghoshal, a framework is introduced to show how a chain retailer builds competitive advantages from the perspective of value chain. By changing rules of interorganizational competition and sharing information, bargaining power is strengthened by IOIS's enforcing cooperation with suppliers and customers, comparative efficiency is gained by IOIS's reinforcing interorganizational relationships and facilitating interorganizational business process reengineering (IBPR), responsiveness is improved by enforcing cooperation with suppliers and customers. As a case study, Wal-Mart' value chain was analyzed according to above-mentioned framework. At last, we discuss how the chain retailers in China should develop more quickly in the future
The research and design of a KQML-speaking and CORBA-based intelligent multi-agent system

This paper presents the research and design of a KQML(knowledge query and manipulation language) speaking and CORBA-based intelligent multi-agent system (MAS). The MAS uses KQML as the agent communication language (ACL) and uses the CORBA event service and CORBA object trading service to implement the communication and facilitation mechanisms of the MAS. The functionality of the intelligent MAS is demonstrated with the UCAV (uninhabited combat aerial vehicle) operator control sharing application.
On optimizing image normalization algorithm for shape distortion

In general, there are four basic forms of planar shape distortion caused by changes in viewer's location: rotation, scaling, translation and skewing. For a good shape descriptor should be invariant to these distortions, a shape can be normalized before feature extraction. Due to the problems of the normalization algorithm, called shape compacting, proposed by J. G. Leu, which cannot deal with rotation and skewing distortion thoroughly, this paper proposed an optimized image normalization method. The basic idea is to get the compact image first which is invariant to translation and scaling distortions by the shape compacting algorithm of Leu. In a second step, we find the main axis of the object shape and the angle between the x-axis, then rotate the image according to the angle. At last, we deal with the reversed object shape if possible by the sign of the original image's central moments. This algorithm can normalize a shape and it's distorted versions (rotated, scaled, translated, skewed) into a single result, so that they all become highly similar to each other. Therefore, the following feature descriptor will effectively be invariant to the above four distortions. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm is correct and effective, outperforms the existing shape compacting method
Topology Optimization for the Mould Platens of Die Casting Machine Based on Numerical Simulation

During the design of the large die casting machine, the topology optimization is introduced. Combined with the factual engineering application, the interpolation function of solid isotropic microstructures with penalization (SIMP) is constructed in the density method and the optimization criteria algorithm is deduced for the numerical solution of topology optimization. In virtue of the Hyperworks code, the mould platen of die casting machine is used for topology optimization design and the more reasonable distribution of material is obtained. Compared to the result of the traditional design, the stress maximum of the mould platens is cut down from 205 MPa to 47.3 MPa, the mass is changed from 23.6T to 19.12T and the maximum of the displacement is decreased from 0.29mm to 0.245mm and the product technology index is satisfied. The objective of lightweight structure is achieved and the optimization model suitable for engineering applications has been obtained.
Manifold locality constrained low-rank representation and its applications

Low-rank representation (LRR) and its variations have recently attracted a great deal of attention because of its effectiveness in exploring low-dimensional subspace structures embedded in data. LRR-related algorithms have many applications in computer vision, signal processing, semi-supervised learning and pattern recognition. However, most of the existing LRR methods fail to take into account the non-linear geometric structures within data, thus the locality and the similarity information among data may be missing in the learning process, which have been shown to be beneficial for discriminative tasks. To improve LRR in this regard, we propose a manifold locality constrained low-rank representation framework (MLCLRR) for data representation. By taking the local manifold structure of the data into consideration, the proposed MLCLRR method not only can represent the global low-dimensional structures, but also capture the local intrinsic non-linear geometric information in the data. The experimental results on different types of vision problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Near-Duplicate Keyframe Identification With Interest Point Matching and Pattern Learning

This paper proposes a new approach for near-duplicate keyframe (NDK) identification by matching, filtering and learning of local interest points (LIPs) with PCA-SIFT descriptors. The issues in matching reliability, filtering efficiency and learning flexibility are novelly exploited to delve into the potential of LIP-based retrieval and detection. In matching, we propose a one-to-one symmetric matching (OOS) algorithm which is found to be highly reliable for NDK identification, due to its capability in excluding false LIP matches compared with other matching strategies. For rapid filtering, we address two issues: speed efficiency and search effectiveness, to support OOS with a new index structure called LIP-IS. By exploring the properties of PCA-SIFT, the filtering capability and speed of LIP-IS are asymptotically estimated and compared to locality sensitive hashing (LSH). Owing to the robustness consideration, the matching of LIPs across keyframes forms vivid patterns that are utilized for discriminative learning and detection with support vector machines. Experimental results on TRECVID-2003 corpus show that our proposed approach outperforms other popular methods including the techniques with LSH in terms of retrieval and detection effectiveness. In addition, the proposed LIP-IS successfully speeds up OOS for more than ten times and possesses several avorable properties compared to LSH.
A 12-bit 200KS/s SAR ADC with a mixed switching scheme and integer-based split capacitor array

A low power successive approximation register ADC (SAR ADC) using a high performance integer-based split capacitor array combining with a mixed switching strategy is presented in this work. The split capacitor is chosen to be 2 times unit capacitance rather than the traditional non-integer value which is difficult to get. This array features high linearity, low area and power consumption. Besides, a mixed switching strategy combining the merged capacitor switching with monotonic switching is also used to save half of total capacitance. And a time domain comparator is used to achieve better offset performance. Implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, the proposed ADC is measured to have a 65.5 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratios(SNDR) which leads to a 10.6 effective number of bits(ENOB) at 200KS/s sampling rate. Its power consumption is 1.49-μW and figure of merit (FOM) is only 4.87 fJ/c-s at a voltage supply of
Ultra low-FOM high-precision ΔΣ modulators with fully-clocked SO and zero static power quantizers

In this paper, two high-precision switched-opamp (SO) based ΔΣ modulators with ultra low figure-of-merit (FOM) are introduced respectively for bio-medical and audio applications. To save 50% power, both modulators adopt novel fully-clocked current mirror SOs with new bias circuits especially designed for SO. Besides, several measures are proposed separately in two modulators to ensure high performances. Both circuitries are implemented in 0.18µm CMOS. The modulator-I, for bio-medical applications, employs high density MOSCAPs to reduce chip area. Also, an innovative zero static power quantizer using MOSCAP-strings is developed to save up to 96% power and 69% area than traditional structure. With only 13µW power consumption at 1.0V supply voltage, it achieves 85dB peak-SNDR, 44.7fJ/conv.-step FOM for 10 kHz bandwidth. In the modulator-II, for audio applications, a novel 17-level scheme consisting of only nine comparators and two capacitor-strings is introduced to remove static power completely and save 40% chip area over the traditional quantizer. In addition, a dual cycle shift (DCS) DWA technique is introduced here to suppress in-band tone effectively. The modulator-II achieves 92dB peak-SNDR and 35.6fJ/conv.-step FOM with only 58µW power consumption at 0.9V supply voltage.
30–300mV input, ultra-low power, self-startup DC-DC boost converter for energy harvesting system

An ultra-low power consumption, self-startup boost converter for energy harvesting application is developed in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process. The idle power consumption is reduced to as low as 1.9μW by using a novel output voltage detector (OVD) and a constant on time (COT) controller with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which ensures high power efficiency for a wide input voltage range from 30mV to 300mV. Furthermore, a charge-pump based self-startup circuit (CPSC) is introduced to kick start the whole system without using any additional off-chip components. Simulation results show that the power efficiency of this boost converter reaches 84% (or 65%) when delivering 180μW (or 9μW) to the output at input voltage of 80 mV.
A real options approach to strategic RFID investment decision

One major roadblock for RFID adoption is to justify its return on investment. Most researchers used cost/benefit analysis, discount cash flow, or net present value method to support the decision; however, these methods does not consider uncertainties and lack flexibility when valuate the investment in RFID. In this paper, we examine the uncertainties and risks associated with RFID investment and propose the use of real options approach to consider them. We demonstrate how can a real options method be used and suggest a process for making strategic RFID investment decision. The results were evidenced and supplemented with a sensitivity analysis.
Analysis and Modeled Design of One State-Driven Autonomous Passing-Through Algorithm for Driverless Vehicles at Intersections

Autonomous passing-through intersections has been becoming one important research problem in the domain of intelligent traffic, especially with the real emerging of driverless vehicles. After analyzing this problem and related work, some pivotal aspects, including the lane, path, critical section and vehicle, are modeled with considering relations among their physical and kinetic characters. Then, we abstract some basic actions of this passing procedure, and propose a universal state-based action model. With this model, the procedure will be equal to the switching between these actions and their states. Further, we propose a new centralized scheduling algorithm that is reservation-oriented, and can guarantee the higher request to be responded preferentially. Finally, this algorithm is simulated and the results show that it can promote the traffic efficiency, especially for vehicles with high priority.
A Type of Lyot Fiber Depolarizer Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber

In this letter, we utilize the beam-propagation method to design and simulate a high-birefringence square-lattice polarization microstructure to realize 45-degree rotation when light passes through, and confirm its arrangement and parameters. Optical parameters in allusion to polarization controller of photonic crystal fiber such as birefringence characteristics have been studied, and optical simulation of the polarization microstructure of the depolarized Lyot photonic crystal has been performed.
22.6 A fully integrated counter-flow energy reservoir for 70%-efficient peak-power delivery in ultra-low-power systems

Recent advances in circuits have enabled significant reduction in the size of wireless systems such as implantable biomedical devices. As a consequence, the battery integrated in these systems has also shrunk, resulting in high internal resistances (∼10kΩ). However, the peak-current requirement of power-hungry components such as radios remains in the mW range, and hence cannot be directly supplied from the battery. Therefore, duty-cycled architectures such as pulsed-based radios have been proposed that transmit a short burst (∼1µs) of high power (∼10mW) supplied by an internal energy storage capacitor [1–3]. The capacitor is then recharged using a current limiter to protect the battery from excessive droop. This paradigm raises two challenges: 1) to supply sufficient energy, very large capacitance (>50nF) is often needed (200mV droop, for 10mW and 5µs), leading to large die area or bulky off-chip discrete components; 2) only a small fraction (∼5%) of energy stored in the capacitor is actually delivered to the high power components since the capacitor can only be discharged by a few 100s of mV while maintaining proper circuit operation .
Liquid-encapsulated energy harvester for low frequency vibrations

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of prototype liquid-encapsulated energy harvester (LEEH) using PVDF electrets. Unlike harvesters reported in previous literature, this LEEH uses flowing liquid rather than resonating structures to induce variable capacitance, thus is more suitable for low frequency vibration energy harvesting. Manufactured prototypes with three different types of liquid (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-Dimethylformamide, and glycerin) are tested in horizontal vibration (@10Hz) and rotary motion (@2r/min) mode, respectively. It is shown that LEEH injected with DMF, which is of higher permittivity and lower viscosity, is of better performance in both horizontal vibration and rotary motion testing. With 90µL DMF dose, maximum output voltage of 470mV is obtained on 5.5MΩ resistance load @2mm, 10Hz horizontal vibration.