nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Nastaliq CAPTCHA

Many websites on the Internet offer services to people. They usually ask the users to fill the registration forms for using their services. Unfortunately, some vandalistic persons write programs which make automatic fake registration. For solving this problem, CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart) systems are invented. These systems distinguish human users from computer programs. One of the CAPTCHA methods which is designed for Persian and Arabic users is Nastaliq CAPTCHA. In this method, the image of a Persian or Arabic word which is written in Nastaliq font is chosen from a dictionary, and it is shown to the users, then they are asked to type it. However, this method requires a large space for keeping the images and the library should also be very extensive, which requires large expenses to create. Also because this method uses its word from a dictionary, it can be broken in by using a dictionary. In this paper a solution for solving this problem is proposed. In our method, instead of using a large database of prepared word images written in Nastaliq font, each time a random meaningless Persian/Arabic word is generated and shown to the user. Therefore, we do not need to make a local database for images, so the costs are reduced. Also because this method does not use a dictionary, the possibility of breaking the method is reduced.
Pseudo-space Persian/Arabic text steganography

In recent years by growing computer applications, new technologies are also invented. Meanwhile new issues are faced such as security. One of the security areas is hidden exchange of information which contains methods such as cryptography and steganography. Steganography is the art of hiding data in a cover media such as image or sound. In this paper a new method for Steganography in Persian and Arabic texts is presented. In this method pseudo-space character is used for hiding the data. This character prevents the Persian and Arabic letters from joining but without adding a space between the two and keeps the words closer together. Its code is 200C in Unicode hex notation. This character only used in some special words. If such word is found, we use pseudo-space for hiding bit 0 and use pseudo-space and normal space together for hiding bit 1.
Passwordless login system for mobile phones using CAPTCHA

In last 20 years, the Internet and mobile communication growth in parallel. There are many sites specially designed for mobile phones that users must enter username and password to enter them. In this paper we introduce a new method based on CAPTCHA which does not require entering any password. Instead of entering the password, an image of a number is shown to the user and he/she must type it. The user response is coded with his/her mobile phone IMEI and sent to the server. The server checks user's response according to user's IMEI and if it was correct, let the user to enter the site, so there is no need to enter any password. This method has been implemented in PHP andJ2ME languages and tested with a Nokia N71 phone.
An Effective Method for Eye Detection Based on Texture Information

In this paper, we present a novel method for eye detection based on texture information, referred to as the eye filter. The proposed method is composed of the following four steps: automatic extraction of facial regions using AdaBoost, illumination normalization using local information, estimation of eye candidates by the eye filter based on texture information, and detection of eye locations using geometrical information of face. Experimental results show that the eye detection rate of the proposed method is 99.2% for 3137 face images in the CAS-PEAL database and JAFFE database.
Mobile banking services in the bank area

Mobile banking (M-Banking) has been welcomed in most of the countries as a new branch in electronic banking (E-Banking). In developing countries such as Iran mobile banking is limited to fields such as SMS due to lack of infrastructure and because of high costs. In this paper we present a method for developing banking services through mobile phone in the bank area. In our method a server which is capable to be connected through bluetooth is installed in the bank and offered banking services. Customers inside the bank and also around the bank are connected to the bank system through bluetooth technology and handle their banking operations through their mobile phones. This way they won't pay any additional cost and for example they can handle operations while they are inside their car parked near the bank. Moreover they can handle some of their other banking operations through their mobile phones while they are dealing with other activities inside the bank. This way they can use their time in an optimal way and the banks can also avoid the rush hours. Since our method using bluetooth, most of mobile phones can use this system.
Preparing Persian/Arabic Scanned Images for OCR

Digital documents are widely used today. So converting written documents such as books to digital documents is unavoidable. The most popular method for doing this is OCR. Usually documents are scanned and then scanned images are sent to OCR. Scanned images need some preprocessing in order to be used in OCR efficiently. In this paper, we introduce a method for preparing scanned Persian/Arabic printed texts for OCR. Our method considered especial features of Persian/Arabic scripts such as dots and connecting characters. Main phases of our work are converting grayscale image to binary image, removing straight lines and frames and identifying picture components
Advanced Collage CAPTCHA

Some Internet Web sites for providing services to their customers, ask them to register in the Web site. Unfortunately hackers write programs to make automatic false enrollments which waste the Web site's resources. To solve this problem, systems known as CAPTCHA (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart) have been introduced to distinguish between human user and computer program. One of the CAPTCHA methods is collage CAPTCHA. In this method some shapes are shown with distortion and the user is asked to choose a specific object. In this paper we increase the resistance of this method to attacks. For this purpose, we also show some other objects on the right of the screen. Some of these objects are same as the previous objects, but have the different shapes. Now we ask the user to choose a specific object and also its same object on the right of the screen. The user will be passed the test if he chooses the two similar objects correctly. In this method because the computer program should also recognize the similar object, the possibility of passing the test by computer is more reduced.
Online Collage CAPTCHA

In some websites it is necessary to tell apart human users from computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR systems while using them are undesirable to human users. In this paper a method has been presented for telling the human users and computer softwares apart on the basis of choice of an object shown on the screen. In this method some objects are chosen randomly and the pictures about these topics are downloaded from Internet. Then after effecting some changes such as rotating, all of the pictures are shown on the screen. Then we ask the user to choose a specific object. If the user chooses the right object we can guess that the user has been a human being and not a computer software. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity because the user does not have to type anything.
Software Watermarking by Equation Reordering

Watermarking is the process of hiding information in a media and usually used to for copyright protection. In software watermarking, the information is added to the source code of program and can be extracted from compiled executable code. In this paper, a new software watermarking algorithm is proposed by equation reordering. In this method, the order of operands in an equation is changed according to the information we want to hide in a way that the result of the equation is unchanged. One of the main advantages of this method is that no code added to the program, so the size and speed of the program not changed.
CAPTCHA for Blind People

Nowadays the Internet users are from different ages and groups. The disabled people also use the Internet. Some websites are especially created for disabled people. Many Internet sites offers services for human users, but unfortunately some computer programs are designed which abuse these services. As a result some systems named CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart) have been introduced to tell apart human users and computer software. In this paper, a new CAPTCHA method is introduced which can be used by blind people. In this method a simple mathematical problem is created according to predefined patterns and converted to speech using a Text-To-Speech (TTS) system. Then the sound is played for the user and he/she must enter the answer of the question. Because answering this problem requires recognizing the speech, understanding the problem, and solving the problem, only a human user can answer this question and present computer programs are unable to solve it. In addition, answering the question is easy for blind people, because the question is consists a number of natural language sentences and the answer is a number, which can be entered easily.
An Anti-SMS-Spam Using CAPTCHA

Today sending spams has turned to be a major problem in the Internet. In last 20 years, the Internet and mobile communication growth in parallel. So the spams are also born on the mobile phones as the form of SMS (short message service) spams. In this paper a new method is proposed for filtering SMS spams using CAPTCHA (completely automatic public turing test to tell computer and human apart) systems. CAPTCHA systems are used to distinguish between human users and computer programs automatically.In this method, the picture of an object is sent as an SMS picture message. Also name of that object and name of three other objects are written in the SMS as a multiple-choose question. The user should select the name of that object from a list of four object names and send the number back in reply as an SMS text message. If the SMS sender can pass the CAPTCHA test, it will be identified that SMS is legitimate.
Multilingual Highlighting CAPTCHA

There are many websites specially designed for mobile phones. Some hackers write automated programs to abuse these website services and waste the website resources. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between human users and computer programs. Methods known for achieving this are known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weaknesses of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) systems and ask the user to type a word. So using them is difficult in tools such as PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) or mobile phones that lack a complete keyboard. In this paper, a new CAPTCHA system is proposed for touch-screen devices such as PDAs and mobile phones. In this system, a word is drawn in a random place on the screen and a number of arcs are drawn on the screen. Then the user is asked to highlight the word by the stylus. Due to the limitations of the PDA and mobile phone, OCR programs on these devices cannot recognize the shown word, while a human user can easily highlight the word. The proposed method is implemented by the Java ME (Java Platform Micro Edition) language and tested on a Sony Ericsson P990i mobile phone.
Text Steganography in chat

Invention of the Internet and its spread in the world changes various aspects of human life. In addition, Internet changed human relations. Chat is one of the new aspects which invented after the Internet and is welcomed by users, especially by young people. In chat rooms, people talk with each other using text messages. Because of the need for quick typing of the word and also because of the high amount of sentences which is exchanged between users, new abbreviations are invented for various words and phrases in chat rooms. This new language is known as SMS-texting. On the other hand, the issue of safety and security of information and especially secret relationships has led to the introduction of numerous methods for secret communication. Among these methods, steganography is a rather new method. The present paper offers a new method for secret exchange of information through chat by using and developing abbreviation text steganography with the use of the SMS-texting language. This paper has been implemented by Java programming language.
A Dual Domain Approach for Surface Roughness Evaluation

The research presented in this paper is aimed at developing an automated imaging system for classification of engineered surfaces with appropriate roughness measures. The method uses dual domain of Radon transform and wavelet transform. Radon transform helps to locate directional information of surface textures whereas wavelet transform is used to compute features from textures. To extract significant information from textures we first employ Canny edge detection to texture image and then undergo Radon and wavelet transformation. Further we carryout the process on a set of four images original and rotated to form the robust feature set. Our feature vector has 36 features. Experimentation is carried out on three surface texture databases manufactured by machining processes milling, casting and shaping. We achieved 95.56% correct classification performance for milling samples where as 67.04% for casting and 87.08% for shaping samples.
Collage Steganography

Establishing hidden communication is an important subject of discussion that has gained increasing importance nowadays with the development of the Internet. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is steganography. Methods of steganography have been mostly applied on images while the major characteristic of these methods is the change in the structure and features of the images so as not to be identifiable by human users. However, on the other hand, many methods have been proposed for breaking and extracting information (steganalysis) for these methods. This paper presents a method for hiding information in images by changing the appearance of the picture instead of changing its features. In this method, images of a number of relevant objects are put on a scene together in a way that is not noticeable. Then, by changing the place and type of each object, information is hidden in the image because the place and type of each object indicates a special figure and, by putting the digits figures together, the information in question is hidden in the picture. Considering that in this method information has been hidden in the appearance of the picture, then by using the present methods of identification of stegano images one cannot identify the steganography images in this method or extract data from them. The proposed method has been implemented by using the Java programming language
Highlighting CAPTCHA

There are many sites specially designed for mobile phones. In cases such as the registering in Websites, some hackers write programs to make automatic false enrollments which waste the resources of the website. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between human users and computer programs. These systems are known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) systems while using them difficult in tools such as PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) or mobile phones that lack a big keyboard. So the Non-OCR-Based CAPTCHA methods are proposed which are do not need to type anything. In this paper a new CAPTCHA systems for touch-screen devices such as PDAs and mobile phones has been introduced which is a combination of both above-mentioned methods. In this system a random word is generated and drawn in a random place on the screen. Then various pictorial effects are applied to it and some noises are added to screen. Now the user is asked to highlight this word by the stylus. Due to the limitations of the PDA and mobile phone, OCR programs on these devices cannot recognize the shown word and only a human user can highlight the word. The proposed method was implemented by the J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) language and tested on a Sony Ericsson P990i mobile phone.
Login to Internet Websites by Next Generation Game Console

By a great leap, the computer game industry has today reached fame as big as filmmaking industry. Upon introduction of the new generation of game consoles, this industry will witness spectacular progress. One of these next generation consoles is Nintendo console named "Wii". This console has a new game pad which utilizes motion sensors. On the other hand, facilities such as internet connection are added in new consoles and they are not merely for playing. It is observed that placing password for creating usernames by game consoles is difficult. By the use of the specifications of Wii console game pads, a method for user authentication and entering password is proposed in this paper. By using this method, users can easily login to internet websites which are need username and password. For this purpose, every user does certain movements with the game pad the same as ordinary signing (for example moves the pad to the left, up and one turn to the right). The game console then identifies this movement and saves it in the form of a string and sends as password. As the game pad movements are exclusive to each user, the password of each user will be also exclusive. On the other hand, due to the ease of this method, it can be used even for younger users of Wii game console.
Steganography in MMS

After rapid growth of the Internet, establishing hidden communication is an important subject of security that has gained increasing importance. One of the methods for establishing hidden communication is steganography. On the other hand with the expanding the use of mobile phones mobile telecommunication companies starting to add additional features to their mobile phones such as MMS (multimedia messaging service) in order to attract more customers. Considering above statements, steganography in MMS messages is a good solution for establishing hidden communication. In this paper a new method for steganography in MMS messages using both text and image steganography methods is presented. This project is written byJ2ME (Java 2 micro edition) programming language.
A New Approach to Persian/Arabic Text Steganography

Conveying information secretly and establishing hidden relationship has been of interest since long past. Text documents have been widely used since very long time ago. Therefore, we have witnessed different method of hiding information in texts (text steganography) since past to the present. In this paper we introduce a new approach for steganography in Persian and Arabic texts. Considering the existence of too many points in Persian and Arabic phrases, in this approach, by vertical displacement of the points, we hide information in the texts. This approach can be categorized under feature coding methods. This method can be used for Persian/Arabic watermarking. Our method has been implemented by Java programming language
Encouraging Persons with Hearing Problem to Learn Sign Language by Internet Websites

Nowadays the Internet users are from different ages and groups. Disabled people are a group of the Internet users. Some Web sites are especially created for these people. One group of the disabled people are deaf persons. They have a special talking language which is named sign language. Here we present a method to encourage them, esp. children, to learn the sign language. In this method, when a deaf person wants to enter a Web site which is created for deaf persons, a word is shown as a movie using a sign language. The user should recognize the word and select it from a list. If the user understands the sign language and recognizes the word, he/she can enter the website. This project has been implemented by PHP scripting language.
A Novel Middleware Model for Web Based Programming

There is a great need to distributed Web applications in these days and user friendly, high transparency distributed Web application would be a constructive help toward fulfillment of such a need. While we are talking about Web applications, lots of confinements are remembered because of basic HTTP limited format of any Web-pages that these limitations must be resolved. For achieving these goals we propose a novel middleware model in this paper which is based on client/server and it can be classified under remote method invocation group.
A New Particle Swarm Optimization with Quadratic Interpolation

In this paper we have presented a new variant of Basic Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm named QIPSO for solving global optimization problems. The QIPSO algorithm makes use of a multiparent, quadratic crossover/reproduction operator defined by us in the BPSO algorithm. We have compared it with Basic Particle Swarm Optimization and the numerical results show that QIPSO outperforms the BPSO algorithm in all the sixteen cases taken in this study.
A simple method for detecting the possible changes of hidden information of watermarked image in an MMS message

After expanding the use of computer and its affect on different aspect of life, the copyright issue has gained many attractions. For this purpose watermarking methods are proposed. In these methods a code is embedded into digital material that can be used to approve ownership, it can be visible or invisible to the user. On the other hand with the rapid growth of mobile phones, mobile telecommunication companies starting to add additional features to their mobile phones such as MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) in order to attract more customers. MMS is a technology that allows mobile phones sending messages that includes multimedia objects esp. images. For copyright protection of images which are sent through MMS, ones can use watermarking methods. But there is possibility of damaging or changing the hidden information while MMS is transferred. In this paper a new method is proposed for detecting the cause of destroying or changing hidden data in an MMS message. For this purpose, in addition to the image, the copyright notes are also hidden in an audio file and sent along with the image. So while extracting the hidden information from MMS message, if copyright notes which are extracted from both image and audio file are different, it can be concluded that the hidden data are damaged or changed.
Intelligent transportation system for respiratory patients

ITS (intelligent transportation system) can be applied to many fields. In this paper we present an ITS system for respiratory patients based on finding cleaner paths. In this system the information related to air pollution of different sections of the city is received from center of air-pollution information presentation and a path with least degree of air pollution is suggested. Therefore respiratory and cardiac patients can commute with fewer difficulties. In our project this system has been simulated manually.