nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A high speed pipelined CMOS accumulator for implementing numerically controlled oscillators

A high-speed pipelined CMOS accumulator which is designed for implementing a rate-multiplier-type oscillator is introduced. In such an oscillator the carry overflow of an accumulator is simply utilized as the output. The approximation to the rate frequencies, the circuit realization, and the ways to update frequencies are discussed. SPICE simulations show that the utilizable clock rates are over 400 MHz for a 2- mu m p-well chip and over 650 MHz for a 1.6- mu m n-well chip.<<ETX>>
Growing carbon nanotubes on graphite

The processing and the resulting microstructures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on graphite nanosheets (GNSs) is examined. The GNSs have a planar shape and are 20-50-nm in thickness. The GNSs were made by the intercalation and exfoliation of natural graphite flakes. Nickel particles serving as the catalyst were distributed on the GNSs. A chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method was used to grow CNTs. Both methane and acetylene were used as the hydrocarbon gases, and the reaction temperatures studied were 700 and 900°C. The distribution of the nickel particles was found critical for the growth of the resulting nano-carbon filaments. Both CNTs and carbon nanofibres (CNFs) were obtained. The nanocarbon filaments vary widely in density, shape and microstructures, dependent on the processing conditions. The microstructure of the joint between the CNT and GNS has been observed by electron microscopy.
Modification of polyester film by high energy density plasmas

The high specific surface resistivity of most polymers (usually >10/sup 16/ /spl Omega/) is a key factor that causes electrostatic hazards in many industrial fields. Various methods have been tested to decrease the surface resistivity of polymers, including chemical treatment, humid environment, ion wind and ion implantation, etc. The first three methods are sometimes limited by the application conditions, while the last one is usually costly. In this article, the high energy density plasma (HEDP) generated by a simple gas-puff coaxial plasma gun is introduced to treat the polymer surface. A polyester film was selected as the sample.
Utilizing high-level visual feature for indoor shopping mall localization

Towards robust and convenient indoor shopping mall localization, we propose a novel learning-based scheme to utilize the high-level visual information from the storefront images captured by personal devices of users for shop recognition tasks. Specifically, given a storefront input image, the novel feature fusion scheme (denoted as FusionNet) fuses the distinguishing DNN-based appearance feature and text feature for robust recognition of store brands. We further utilize this scheme for localization by matching shop recognition results to the topological map constructed from the indicator map. Experiments on storefront image dataset show that the proposed recognition scheme outperforms existing ones by a large margin. Further experiments performed in real shopping malls demonstrate that our scheme is applicable to accurate localization tasks.
Low complexity multi-user detectors of TH-PPM UWB system

Three novel low complexity multi-user detectors for the TH-PPM UWB systems in synchronous AGWN channel were proposed in this paper. By exploiting the special signal structure of TH-PPM and using time diversity theory, the proposed detectors are much lower computation complexity compared with the traditional receivers designed for DS-CDMA. Simulation results show that the proposed detectors achieve better performance than the single user matched filter.
Relation between filamentary current sheath and ionization energy in a plasma focus

Since the discharge current I grows in a sinusoidal form in a plasma focus, one can predict the formation of a filamentary current sheath (CS) in the breakdown and early rundown phases when I is small and the specific plasma energy /spl epsi/<1 MJ/g, the energy required to ionize the whole swept gas. This has been verified by the experimental results obtained on a small Mather-type plasma focus device (20 kV, 18 kJ) with use of a laser differential interferometer, I=23-270 kA (I/sub max/=350 kA), p/sub D2/=2.5 torr for neutron emission. The uniform initial CS formed along the insulator surface soon develops into filaments during moving towards the outer electrode driven by the Lorentz force. It then develops into muddled filaments after crossing the coaxial electrodes. Later the filaments re-join to form a uniform CS (I>200 kA) which accelerates towards the open end of the coaxial gun and forms the pinch there.
Study of the effect of fabrication conditions of porous gold electrodes on sensitivity of polymer-enzyme composite glucose sensors

Porous structures can increase sensor electrode surface areas and therefore increase their sensitivity. However there are few studies revealing the relationship between different fabrication conditions of porous structures on gold electrodes and sensitivity of glucose sensors based on glucose oxidase. Here a variety of amperometric glucose sensor electrode fabrication conditions such as surface rebuilding time, rebuilding potential pulse and platinization time have been studied. The conclusions are as follows: First, the sensitivity of the sensors increased with surface rebuilding time as a result of the formation of porous structures. Second, that the rebuilding potential pulse between -3V and 5V applied to the electrodes resulted in a maximal sensitivity. Third, platinization can increase electrode sensitivity obviously, but overlong platinization time will lower the sensitivity instead. These results will be useful for the fabrication of high sensitivity glucose sensors.
Design and realization of a system simulator

System simulations seek to strike a balance between accuracy and performance. This paper elaborates on the realization of a system simulator. The SystemC-based platform provides the simulation environment for the target application and the cycle-accurate performance evaluation for the optimization methodology. Compared with the result of the actual prototyping simulation, the maximal evaluation error of the simulator is less than 0.02% and the simulating speed is 800 times faster than actual prototyping simulation.
Computation and Memory Efficient Image Segmentation

In this paper, we address the segmentation problem under limited computation and memory resources. Given a segmentation algorithm, we propose a framework that can reduce its computation time and memory requirement simultaneously, while preserving its accuracy. The proposed framework uses standard pixel-domain downsampling and includes two main steps. Coarse segmentation is first performed on the downsampled image. Refinement is then applied to the coarse segmentation results. We make two novel contributions to enable competitive accuracy using this simple framework. First, we rigorously examine the effect of downsampling on segmentation using a signal processing analysis. The analysis helps to determine the uncertain regions, which are small image regions where pixel labels are uncertain after the coarse segmentation. Second, we propose an efficient minimum spanning tree-based algorithm to propagate the labels into the uncertain regions. We perform extensive experiments using several standard data sets. The experimental results show that our segmentation accuracy is comparable to state-of-the-art methods, while requiring much less computation time and memory than those methods.
Effect of anode end structures on plasma pinching in a plasma focus

It is known that in the plasma focus, the anode (CE) end structure influences the current sheath (CS) implosion and pinching, which then influences the neutron yield. However, the correlation among them is not very clear. This problem is investigated on a small Mather-type plasma focus device (20 kV, 18 kJ) with use of a laser differential interferometer. The results show that the usually used anodes can be roughly grouped into three interrelated series derived from a basic flat-ended solid one according to their effects on the plasma motion: (1) the hollow series for the anode hole; (2) the stub series for the stub and (3) the hemispherical series for the anode edge geometry.
Location of partial discharge in transformer oil using circular array of ultrasonic sensors

Partial discharge (PD) in transformer oil is one of the major causes of electrical insulation failures in oil transformers. An accurate location of PD provides important information required for detection and elimination of insulation defects. To improve accuracy of PD location, a new location method is proposed in this paper based on using circular array of ultrasonic sensors (CAUS) and implemented as follows. First, the fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm is used to de-noise PD signal obtained by CAUS. Second, the total least square (TLS) algorithm is used to transform the wide-band signal obtained by CAUS to the narrowband one. Third, the mode excitation algorithm and the fast direction of arrival (FastDOA) algorithm are combined together to find three different directions of arrival (DOA) of the signal from PD to CAUS. Next, using the azimuth and pitch angles of these three DOAs, the PD location is determined in the center of a sphere whose surface tangents to these three DOAs in three different planes. Finally, the improved genetic algorithm is used to obtain accurate coordinates of the PD source. An experimental system of PD-location has been developed, which consists of (i) CAUS made of 8 sensors evenly placed along a circle, and a single sensor placed in the center of the circle, (ii) classic three-capacitance PD model, (iii) 16-channel synchronous data collector, (iv) oil tank, and (v) computer. The preliminary experimental results show that the accuracy of PD location after denoising is better than that before de-noising.
A 140-MHz CMOS bit-level pipelined multiplier-accumulator using a new dynamic full-adder cell design

A bit-level pipelined 12-b&times;12-b two's complement multiplier with a 27-b accumulator has been designed and fabricated in a 1-&mu;m CMOS technology. A novel quasi N-P domino logic structure has been adopted to increase the throughput, and special pipeline structures were used to reduce the latency significantly. The measured maximum clock rate is 140 MHz (i.e. 140 million multiply-accumulate operations per second), and the typical power-speed ratio is 11 mW/MHz. The chip complexity is 10000 transistors and the 68-pad chip area is 2.5 mm&times;3.7 mm
Vertically Stacked Strained 3-GeSn-Nanosheet pGAAFETs on Si Using GeSn/Ge CVD Epitaxial Growth and the Optimum Selective Channel Release Process

Fully compressively strained GeSn quantum-well channels sandwiched by Ge sacrificial layers on 200-mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are grown using chemical vapor deposition. The transmission electron microscopy images indicate that dislocations are confined near the relaxed Ge buffer/SOI interface, resulting in low defect densities in the stacked GeSn channels. The top Ge cap is essential to ensure that the top GeSn channel matches the other two channels during the Ge etching. Channel release is obtained by etching of the Ge sacrificial layers with optimum ultrasonic-assisted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The low thermal budget gate-stack (400 °C) and S/D parasitic resistance reduction are achieved. The first stacked 3-Ge<sub>0.93</sub>Sn<sub>0.07</sub>-channel p-gate-all-around FET with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L} _{\text {CH}}= 60$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> nm has a record high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}=1975~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> (per channel width) at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {OV}}={V}_{\text {DS}}=-1$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> V, among all GeSn pFETs. The junctionless device structure is used to simplify the process.
Influence of power system's harmonic voltage on on-line leakage current monitoring of MOA

The surge arrester is an important piece of overvoltage protection equipment in substations, and the latent faults of MOA can be found by on-line resistive leakage current monitoring. It is reasonable to adopt the resistive leakage current's first component i/sub r/ and third component i/sub 3r/ as the metal oxide surge arrester's indicators. These indicators can find the aging phenomenon of the metal oxide surge arrester in time. But the existence of harmonic voltages in the power system will influence the indicators' accuracy. In this work, this influence is analyzed and an improved compensation method to separate the resistive leakage current under the existence of harmonic voltage is described. Finally, according to these methods, an on-line resistive current MOA monitoring system based on a bus-module is developed.
A secure mobile electronic payment architecture platform for wireless mobile networks

When the basic functionalities of a wireless mobile network have been achieved, customers are then more interested in value-added mobile applications. In order to attract more customers to such mobile applications, a solid, secure and robust trading model is a must. This paper proposes such a secure trading model named mobile electronic payment (MEP) for wireless mobile networks, which applies the emerging ID-based cryptography for key agreement and authentication. Our MEP attempts to alleviate the computational cost, reduce the memory space requirement in mobile devices, and meet the requirements for secure trading: avoidance of overspending and double spending, fairness, user anonymity and privacy. Our design is transparent to the bearer networks and is of low deployment cost. We expect that our MEP provides a viable trading architecture model for the future mobile applications.
Challenges of system virtualization

Cloud Service is a major project that CHT currently initiated to promote. It aims to provide services to users anytime and anywhere. To achieve that, we need robust cloud technology. This paper takes FMS (Fraud Management System) as an example to depict the system migration process into the cloud service. We propose solutions to problems we encountered, software licensing issues, and other related issues. With the portable ability supporting by middleware, the underlying cross-brand components can be easily to swap, such as: various brands of web servers, application servers, operating systems, and databases. Our FMS system architecture is fully met the SaaS architecture's requirement.
An improvement of Newsboy model based on two mutable prices and its genetic algorithm

In this article based on the Newsboy model, we consider the variable unit purchase price and the variable recovery value or deal price according to practical considerations, then we can rebuild new models to the stochastic inventory problem. For the new model can not be solved by the derivative theory, we manage to use the basic genetic algorithms to solve the problem first in this paper, then we have made some improvements according to some of the features of this problem and combining the genetic algorithms with some search theory.
Contracting and coordination in tourism service supply chain under service providers' competition

Consider the issues of coordination and incentive in a tourism service supply chain of which consists a single travel agency and two competitive service providers. This paper develops a type of contract and achieves coordination of the system by means of game theory and contract theory, then analyzes the game players' equilibrium strategies and individual profits. When the service providers conduct a competition, we show that their effort level can be efficiently promoted and therefore the travel agency is better off. The service providers, however, just play the roles of quarrelers and there is no improvement of their expected payoff. Moreover, fierce competition always brings about greater fixed payment for the service providers, whereas this no longer holds for the bonus specified by the contract. Appropriate competition, which is less than the competitive threshold value, leads to bigger bonus, but inordinate competition will cut down the bonus. Our numerical examples further demonstrate that the fixed payment and the bonus have a complementary relation in motivating the service providers.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Binocular Stereo Vision System

This paper proposes a method of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an autonomous mobile robot in an indoor environment using binocular stereo vision systems. Due to sensor model for binocular stereo vision sensor, parallax adjustment and non-local maximum suppression algorithm are used to extract certain two-dimensional horizontal environmental features and vertical edges respectively. This paper also presented an approach to complete Kalman filter (KF) localization and metric map building simultaneously based on the result of lines merging and feature fusion. The results of experiments with a Pioneer robot and a Videre Design stereo vision system demonstrated that robot accurate robot locations can be obtained using the proposed method.
SLAM for mobile robots using laser range finder and monocular vision

Localization and map building are two essential tasks for an autonomous mobile robot's indoor navigation without a prior map. This paper describes a mobile robot system designed for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an autonomous mobile robot in an indoor environment. Due to variant sensor modeling for laser range finder and CCD camera, weighted least square fitting and Canny operator are used to extract certain two-dimensional environmental features and vertical edges respectively. Using Kalman filtering (KF) to localization and grid map building simultaneously are also presented. When implemented on a Zixing mobile robot produced by Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), the localization technique correctly localized the robot while exploring and mapping.
Relation of composite insulator surface discharge ultraviolet signal with electrical pulse signal

Discharge Ultraviolet radiation is an important signal that can be used to evaluate the insulation performance and operation condition of insulator. Since in the weak discharge stage, the optical wavelength mainly distributed below 400nm ultraviolet (UV) band, in this paper, a UV optical signal detection system based on solar-blind PMT (photomultiplier) was developed, the main function modules were introduced, and then with this system, the corona, spark and partial arc discharge phenomenon of composite insulator discharge was studied, then the relationship between optical and current signal is analyzed. Research shows that UV optical pulse can effectively reflect the discharge intensity, type and number of discharge pulses. The above research will provide a new non-contact method to detect the insulator surface discharge.
Semi-supervised text categorization with only a few positive and unlabeled documents

This paper studies a special case of semi-supervised text categorization. We want to build a text classifier with only a set P of labeled positive documents from one class (called positive class) and a set U of a large number of unlabeled documents from both positive class and other diverse classes (called negative class). This kind of semi-supervised text classification is called positive and unlabeled learning (PU-Learning). Although there are some effective methods for PU-Learning, they do not perform very well when the labeled positive documents are very few. In this paper, we propose a refined method to do the PU-Learning with the known technique combining Rocchio and K-means algorithm. Considering the set P may be very small (≤5%), not only we extract more reliable negative documents from U but also enlarge the size of P with extracting some most reliable positive documents from U. Our experimental results show that the refined method can perform better when the set P is very small.
Control strategy of photovoltaic generation inverter grid-connected operating and harmonic elimination hybrid system

This paper proposes a three-phase three-wire photovoltaic generation inverter grid-connected operating and harmonic elimination hybrid system. The hybrid system mainly consists of photovoltaic array battery, photovoltaic output filter, three-phase voltage-type inverter, inverter output filter and passive filters. Based on working principle and working characteristics of the proposed hybrid system, the composite control strategy about active power, reactive power and harmonic suppression is proposed. The composite control strategy mainly consists of a single closed-loop control slip of active power and reactive power, double closed-loop control slip of harmonics. Simulation results show the correctly of this paper's contents, the hybrid system have an effective to improve power factor, supply active power for loads and suppress harmonics of micro-grid.
Transformer partial discharge sources number estimation based on ultrasonic array sensors and modified CCT

Correctly estimated the number of partial discharge (PD) source is the premise of the power transformer PD location based on ultrasonic array sensors. Therefore, estimation of the number of power transformer PD source is a very necessary research work. In this paper, we proposed the modified Canonical Correlation Technique (CCT) to estimate the number of transformer PD source. The simulation experiment results confirm the validity of the method.
Impact on the Results of ARCH Models with Different Distribution of the Residuals - Based on Comparative Analysis of Shanghai Stock Market Index Returns

This paper uses ARCH models to analyze Shanghai stock market index returns from 19 December 1990 to 30 November 2006, and compares the results of ARCH models with normal distribution and t distribution, finding that the results are very different. The conclusion is that the reasonable results of ARCH models are determined by selecting appropriate distribution of the residuals. T distribution is better suited to fitting the distribution of the residuals than normal distribution. The ARCH effect exists in Shanghai stock market. The leverage effect is significant, and the impact of negative news in the stock market is larger than positive news. Fluctuations caused by impact will be permanent, and can not be eliminated in a short time. The phenomenon of high returns with high risks does not exist in the market.
Analysis of dynamic elasticity of energy consumption and economy growth ---- Based on state space model

Builds a state space model of energy consumption and economy growth, and uses Kalman filter algorithm to estimate parameters, and also, uses cointegration test to verify the reliability of the model. The results show that both the long-term and short-term elasticity of energy consumption experience significant fluctuation process from up to down. The same trend of fluctuations may explain that energy consumption is vulnerable to short-term factors. The existence of lagged elasticity of energy consumption explained the lagged effect of energy consumption well.