nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
QoS management of dynamic video tasks by task splitting and skipping

We have integrated processing with deterministic and non-deterministic resource usage in an overall application and evaluated its performance on a multi-core processor platform. The non-determinism involves image analysis, which features a high variation in computing and memory requirements, as opposed to regular stream-oriented video processing. Quality-of-Service (QoS) control is based on resource-usage estimation functions. Scalability in parallel executing sub-functions is achieved by using task skipping and splitting as a concept, as every video application can be quickly made scalable in this way. The complete framework was validated for accurate latency control of an interactive medical imaging application. The proposed QoS mechanism runs fast enough to be executed in real time, and we achieved a reduction on the latency jitter of almost 70% for average-case processing, so that the quality can be significantly improved or an inexpensive hardware system can be employed.
High-density and alignment-tolerant integration of monitoring photodetector arrays onto polymeric guided-wave components

We report on a hybrid integration concept which allows high-density and alignment-tolerant surface mount assembly of top-illuminated photodetector (PD) arrays onto polymeric guided-wave components by means of a micromachined submount with an integrated mirror. This research aims at the development of polymeric waveguide based devices with an embedded optical power monitoring capability for applications in optical fiber communication networks. A prototype integrated multichannel optical power monitor comprising an eight-channel PD module and a polymeric waveguide splitter array was demonstrated which exhibited an average insertion loss of 5.2 dB, a PD coupling efficiency of -2.6 dB, and a crosstalk value of -17.1 dB between adjacent channels. Low polarization and wavelength sensitivity (/spl sigma/<0.1 dB) was confirmed over a spectral range of 40 nm in both telecom wavelength windows.
Design and Manufacturing of Robust Textile Antennas for Harsh Environments

Antennas made out of textile materials suffer from performance perturbing effects whose impact mainly depend on the mechanical properties of the fabrics. The soft and flexible nature of the fabrics is essential for user comfort in wearable systems, but makes the antenna performance sensitive to bending, stretching, compression, and the manufacturing process. Furthermore, water absorption into the woven textile structures can increase both the permittivity and the dielectric loss of the substrate materials. The potential performance reduction due to the material characteristics is addressed in this paper, and methods to improve performance robustness are introduced. Tests show that the use of a textile cover provides a rugged design which is insensitive to the effects of abrasion, saline water and varying climatic conditions. A dual frequency textile antenna is thoroughly tested and shown to be fully compliant with Iridium and GPS specifications.
Circular polarization selective surface for dual-optics CP offset reflector antennas in Ku-band

The design of dual-optics circular-polarization offset reflectors has been addressed by using circular polarization selective surfaces (CPSS). A novel design of CPSS based on Pierrot's cells is proposed, and design guidelines and limitations of this technology are given. Manufacture constraints are discussed and a more reliable fabrication process is developed. A 29×29 array has been constructed and measurements are ongoing.
High-accuracy topography measurement of optically rough surfaces with THz radiation

Characterization of the surface figure of technical materials by interferometry in the visible or near-IR wavelength regime becomes difficult or impossible if the surface is rough on the length scale of a tenth of the wavelength used. In this case, THz radiation can provide an interesting alternative. We demonstrate two methods for the accurate determination of the surface topography: THz heterodyne profilometry and THz ESAD (extended shear angle difference) deflectometry.
Building Evolvable Software Using Normalized Systems Theory: A Case Study

Normalized Systems (NS) theory has recently been proposed as an approach to develop agile and evolvable software by defining theorems and design patterns for software architectures. In this paper we discuss the NS development process, which is illustrated by means of an elaborate description of a case regarding a budget management application developed according to the theory. Advantages of the NS approach, such as swift application development through code expansion and the transfer of additional NS design knowledge to new applications, are equally discussed.
Efficient Validation/Verification of a Robust DVB-H Link Layer

Currently, various semiconductor manufacturers develop silicon solutions for DVB-H receivers. One of the key functions in a DVB-H receiver is the link layer. In order to differentiate, manufacturers can choose between basic or advanced link-layer implementation concepts, resulting in modest or excellent performance. This paper presents the required validation and verification tools for evaluating the DVB-H link-layer robustness, capable of generating and analyzing extreme signal conditions. Furthermore, we also discuss an advanced analysis tool required to inspect the output IP-based data, service information and program specific information of the link layer. The earlier simulation results for improved link-layer performance presented by the tools are validated from a newly developed silicon implementation.
Employing a RGB-D sensor for real-time tracking of humans across multiple re-entries in a smart environment

The term smart environment refers to physical spaces equipped with sensors feeding into adaptive algorithms that enable the environment to become sensitive and responsive to the presence and needs of its occupants. People with special needs, such as the elderly or disabled people, stand to benefit most from such environments as they offer sophisticated assistive functionalities supporting independent living and improved safety. In a smart environment, the key issue is to sense the location and identity of its users. In this paper, we intend to tackle the problems of detecting and tracking humans in a realistic home environment by exploiting the complementary nature of (synchronized) color and depth images produced by a low-cost consumer-level RGB-D camera. Our system selectively feeds the complementary data emanating from the two vision sensors to different algorithmic modules which together implement three sequential components: (1) object labeling based on depth data clustering, (2) human re-entry identification based on comparing visual signatures extracted from the color (RGB) information, and (3) human tracking based on the fusion of both depth and RGB data. Experimental results show that this division of labor improves the system¿s efficiency and classification performance.
Architecture of embedded video processing in a multimedia chip-set

A new chip-set for video display processing in a consumer television or set-top box is presented. Key aspect of the chip-set is a high flexibility and programmability of multi-window features with, for example, full-motion video, Internet and Teletext. To provide a large amount of computational power for such a full-featured application domain and to prevent the system from a communication bottleneck to the external memory, a heterogenous multi-processor architecture is implemented. The architecture offers a minimum of external communication overhead and enables programming on high functional level. The chip-set can simultaneously display e.g. two full-motion video windows, an Internet page and an additional mail indicator in front of a pixel-based wallpaper background. In addition, the video can be noise reduced and enhanced in sharpness together with a 50-100 Hz conversion to reduce field flicker.
Characterization of conductive textile materials for SoftWearAntenna

Transmission line measurements have shown a potential in characterization of conductive textiles for SoftWearAntenna applications. Decrease in the conductivity of the fabric is seen to decrease the propagation velocity of a wave. This is expected to have a lowering effect on the operation frequency of textile antennas based on conductive fabrics when compared with antennas utilizing copper as conductive elements.
Bidirectional NPN ESD protection in silicon photonics technology

Silicon photonics interposers enable low power, high bandwidth signal transfer between CMOS chips. Optical wave guides transfer the optical signal that carries the information. Optical modulator and detectors realize the optical to electrical signal transfer and vice versa. These components could be facing ESD stress during assembly. This work presents an in-depth study the self-protecting capabilities of these components and provides an ESD protection solution to increase the ESD robustness.
Subharmonic Mixer Based on EBG Technology

We present the design of a submillimeter-wave mixer based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology and using subharmonic local oscillator (LO) injection. The indicated device converts an incoming submilimeter wavelength signal into a 1-5 GHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal by mixing it with a subharmonic LO signal. The mixer consists of a dual-band receiver and two coplanar stripline (CPS) filters, collocated on top of a three-dimensional (3-D) EBG structure. A four-element array of the proposed receivers was designed, fabricated and tested. The configuration demonstrated reasonable performance: conversion loss below 8 dB and noise temperature below 3000 K. The presented concept can be used for higher frequencies, provided the availability of sufficiently powerful LO sources.
Efficient calculation of the dispersion diagram of planar electromagnetic band-gap structures by the MoM/BI-RME method

The characterization of planar electromagnetic band-gap structures requires the calculation of the dispersion diagram of the modes supported by the periodic structure and the phase of the reflection coefficient under plane-wave illumination. We present a novel method for the calculation of the dispersion diagram. The electromagnetic analysis is based on the method of moments/boundary integral-resonant mode expansion (MoM/BI-RME) method and leads to the formulation of a homogeneous matrix problem. The solution of this problem is performed by an iterative procedure: for a given value of the propagation phase constant, the frequency range is scanned to find the frequencies where the field equation has a nontrivial solution. The search of these frequencies is based on the tracking of the eigenvalues in the complex plane, and proved more efficient than other classical methods (direct search of the determinant zeros, singular value decomposition). The reflection coefficient can be readily determined by using the MoM/BI-RME method, already developed for the analysis of the scattering from frequency selective surfaces. The method is applied to the characterization of the classical uniplanar compact photonic-bandgap structure, and analysis results show the accuracy of the method, its efficiency, and its convergence properties.
Properties of leaky waves supported by grounded dielectric super-layers and implications on the design of reflector feeds

The design strategy that uses dielectric super-layers with neighboring wave-guides closed in matched loads constitutes a worst case scenario as far as the performance enhancement is concerned and finds applicability in radiometric imaging arrays. On the other side the design strategy that uses dielectric super-layers with neighboring wave-guides closed in properly tuned reactive loads can be seen as best case scenario representative of a multi beam system for a telecommunication satellite with independent channels.
Coupled Split-Ring Resonator Circular Polarization Selective Surface

A novel class of circular polarization selective surfaces (CPSSs) consisting of a pair of planar split-ring resonator arrays is proposed. A significant advantage of the proposed structure over existing designs is its manufacturing simplicity compatible with standard printed technology processes. Its operating principle is reviewed alongside that of the Pierrot cell and in light of the linear polarization reflection and transmission characteristics of CPSSs. Guidelines for the initial design of the proposed CPSS concept are thus derived. Further design considerations and tradeoffs are also discussed. The validity of the concept is confirmed by means of a design example entailing a right-hand CPSS at 20 GHz. Full-wave simulation results and experimental testing on a fabricated prototype are presented and agree well with the theoretical predictions.
Low Profile Multi-Frequency Dipole Antenna Array Based on Planar Meta-Surfaces

In this paper, the radiation performance of a low profile multi-frequency dipole antenna array with a planar meta-surface is presented. The meta-surface consists of two closely located parallel grids of short dipoles and one grid of continuous wires in between. By tuning a dipole to the pass band of the superstrate and due to the magnetic dipole moments induced in the unit cells, a uniform illumination is achieved and therefore an enhancement of the directivity. Placing a second meta-surface under the dipole with the stop-band tuned to the working frequency, the back radiation is reduced. By combining low and high resonant-frequency unit cells and tuning dipoles to these frequencies, a double-frequency array is formed.
Extended abstract: estimation times of on-chip multiprocessor stream-oriented applications

This paper focuses on stream-oriented applications with real-time constraints for on-chip multiprocessors, e.g. video/audio coding. In such an application the same function, e.g. frame decoding, is executed over and over again. In general, the execution time is data-dependent. Thus, at run-time a situation may arise when the execution time exceeds the deadline specified in the real-time constraints and a preventive action should be taken. For stream-oriented applications pipelined execution of the function is very important for achieving the required throughput. An accurate execution time estimation method supporting pipelined execution on a multiprocessor architecture is proposed in this paper
Transport mechanisms at Ni-Si Schottky barriers for spin injection

Spin injection from a magnetic metal into a semiconductor requires spin conservation during the transport of electrons. It is particularly interesting because it allows the integration of magnetic devices with microelectronics. The conductivity mismatch problem has been shown to prevent ohmic contacts from being used for spin injection. Instead, Schottky barriers and ferromagnet/insulator/semiconductor contacts have been proposed. It has been shown that electrodeposition is a promising technique for Ni-Si Schottky barriers. In this digest, the transport mechanisms in electrodeposited Ni-Si Schottky barriers are studied. Moderately doped Si shows a high quality Schottky barrier with ultra low reverse leakage and domination of thermionic emission. Tunneling takes over for highly doped Si, giving leakage-free thermionic field emission in reverse bias.
Near infrared spectroscopy combined with high dimensional data analysis applied to diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma

The feasibility of early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma was studied by high dimensional data analysis (HDDA) that classified near infrared (NIR) spectra of tissues. NIR spectra of 77 specimens of endometrium were collected. The spectra were pretreated by principal component orthogonal signal correction (PC-OSC) and emphatic orthogonal signal correction (EOSC) methods to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and remove the influences of background and baseline. The effects of modeling parameters were investigated using bootstrapped Latin-partition methods. The optimal HDDA model of the PC-OSC pretreatment method successfully classified the samples with prediction accuracies of 95.2 ± 1.9%. The proposed procedure proved to be rapid and convenient, which is suitable to be developed as a non-invasive diagnosis method for cancer tissue.
Singular spectrum analysis improves analysis of local field potentials from macaque V1 in active fixation task

Local field potentials (LFPs) represent the relatively slow varying components of the neural signal, and their analysis is instrumental in understanding normal brain function. To be properly analyzed, this signal needs to be separated in its fundamental frequency bands. Recent studies have shown that empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can be exploited to pre-process LFP recordings in order to achieve a proper separation. However, depending on the analyzed signal, EMD is known to generate components that may cover a too wide frequency range to be considered as narrow banded. As an alternative, we present here an improved version of the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) algorithm, validated by numerical simulations, and applied to LFP recordings in V1 of a macaque monkey exposed to simple visual stimuli. The components generated by the improved SSA algorithm are shown to be more meaningful than those generated by EMD, paving the way for its use in LFP analysis.
Complexity prediction of automatic image registration: A case study on motion-compensated DSA

Real-time video and Quality-of-Service aspects play an increasing role in the development of medical imaging systems. To avoid resource overload and to guarantee the throughput of dynamic applications, we present a method for complexity prediction of image registration and motion-compensation algorithms, which can have a highly dynamic nature at runtime. As a case study, we explore a medical imaging function to reduce motion-artifacts in X-ray Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). Complexity prediction is based on motion estimation, prior to the actual image registration. Experimental results show that it is possible to model a dynamic contentdependent processing task with a high accuracy (95%, standard deviation 5%), thereby facilitating a higher quality for remaining tasks and well defined options for QoS.
Study of coupled split-ring resonator arrays for circular polarization selective surface

Recently, a novel class of circular polarization selective surface (CPSS) has been proposed, composed of two planar metallodielectric arrays of split ring resonators (SRR). The coupling between the two arrays is a key factor that defines the performance of the CPSS. Here we present a study of the coupling between two planar SRR arrays for various geometrical parameters and discuss their impact on CPSS performance.
Perimeter-intrusion event classification for on-line detection using multiple instance learning solving temporal ambiguities

This paper describes a novel model for training an event detection system based on object tracking. We propose to model the training as a multiple instance learning problem, which allows us to train the classifier from annotated events despite temporal ambiguities. We apply this technique to realize a Perimeter Intrusion Detection (PID) algorithm and employ image-based features to distinguish real objects from moving vegetation and other distractions. An earlier developed tracking system is extended with the proposed technique to create an on-line PID-event detection system. Experiments with challenging videos show a reduction of the number of false positives by a factor 2-3 and improve the F1 detection performance from 0.15 to 0.28, when compared to a commercially available PID algorithm.
5.5 V tolerant I/O in a 2.5 V 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology

Robust high-voltage tolerant I/O that does not need process options is presented, demonstrated on 5.5 V tolerant open-drain I/O in a 2.5 V 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Circuit techniques limit oxide stress and hot-carrier degradation, resulting in hundreds of years extrapolated lifetime for 5.5 V pad voltage swing, 2.2 V supply voltage, 10 MHz switching frequency. The shown concepts are also implemented in other types of I/O and can easily be scaled towards newer processes.
Automatic surveillance analyzer using trajectory and body-based modeling

With the continuous improvements in computer-vision techniques, automatic low-cost video surveillance gradually emerges for consumer applications. Successful trajectory estimation and human-body modeling facilitate the semantic analysis of human activities in video sequences. We propose a fast analyzer for surveillance video, which aims at automatic analysis of human behavior and semantic events. Our analyzer employs visual cues to track moving persons and classify human-body postures from a monocular video. It consists of three processing steps: (1) multi-person detection, (2) persons tracking with trajectory estimation, and (3) posture classification. We show attractive experimental results, highlighting the system efficiency and classification capability.
Depth-guided inpainting algorithm for Free-Viewpoint Video

Free-Viewpoint Video (FVV) is a novel technique which creates virtual images of multiple direction by view synthesis. In this paper, an exemplar-based depth-guided inpainting algorithm is proposed to fill disocclusions due to uncovered areas after projection. We develop an improved priority function which uses the depth information to impose a desirable inpainting order. We also propose an efficient background-foreground separation technique to enhance the accuracy of hole filling. Furthermore, a gradient-based searching approach is developed to reduce the computational cost and the location distance is incorporated into patch matching criteria to improve the accuracy. The experimental results have shown that the gradient-based search in our algorithm requires a much lower computational cost (factor of 6 compared to global search), while producing significantly improved visual results.
Activity-Based Costing as a Design Science Artifact

In this paper, we propose to consider the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method as a design science artifact. We apply the three cycles of design science (i.e., relevance cycle, rigor cycle, and design cycle) to Activity-Based Costing. We argue that some cycles are addressed in literature to a certain extent, but that justificatory knowledge in the rigor cycle is missing. Applying such knowledge can provide valuable insights for systematically evaluating and improving an artifact. Therefore, we propose modularity and entropy as possible candidates for such justificatory knowledge. This paper contributes to ABC research by introducing a scientifically rigorous evaluation. This evaluation indicates several possibilities for design contributions to ABC. Moreover, the relevance of these new artifacts for cost accounting practice are discussed as well.