nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A QoS routing protocol for delay-sensitive applications in mobile ad hoc networks

The Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is intended for use by mobile nodes in ad hoc networks. To provide quality of service, extensions can be added to the messages used during route discovery. These extensions specify the service requirements which must be met by nodes rebroadcasting a route request (RREQ) or returning a route reply (RREP) for a destination. In order to provide quality delivery to delay sensitive applications such as voice and video, it is extremely important that mobile ad hoc networks provide quality of service (QoS) support in terms of bandwidth and delay. Most existing routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks are designed to search for the shortest path with minimum hop count. However, the shortest routes do not always provide the best performance, especially when there are congested nodes along these routes. In this paper we propose an on demand delay based quality of service (QoS) routing protocol (AODV-D) to ensure that delay does not exceed a maximum value for mobile ad hoc networks. This protocol will take into consideration MAC layer channel contention information and number of packets in the interface queue in addition to minimum hops. The protocol is implemented and simulated using GlomoSim simulator. Performance comparisons of the proposed AODV-D protocol against AODV, and QS-AODV is presented and shown that the proposed algorithm performs well.
Surface Acoustic Wave filters for space use

This paper describes the design and development of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters proposed to be used in the analog mesh-processor payload of GSAT-7 satellite. Four high performance SAW filters with center frequencies in the range of 176 MHz to 183 MHz and band widths in the range of 0.78 MHz to 2.28 MHz are being developed for the payload. Delta-function Model is used in the first order design of these filters followed by the rigorous estimation and compensation of various important second-order effects, namely, Diffraction, Bulk waves and electromagnetic feed through. Further, the effect of inter-electrode capacitance of the filterspsila IDT (Inter Digital Transducer) which contributes to a tilt in the pass band frequency response of the filterspsila has also been explained by using Crossed-field Model. Simulated and measured results at various stages of development of the 176.57 MHz filter are presented. The paper also discusses the qualification plan for these devices, for space use.
Defect detection in textured materials using Gabor filters

Vision-based inspection of industrial materials such as textile webs, paper or wood requires the development of defect segmentation techniques based on texture analysis. In this work, a multi-channel filtering technique that imitates the early human vision process is applied to images captured online. This new approach uses Bernoulli's rule of combination for integrating images from different channels. Physical image size and yarn impurities are used as key parameters for tuning the sensitivity of the proposed algorithm. Several real fabric samples along with the result of segmented defects are presented. The results achieved show that the developed algorithm is robust, scalable and computationally efficient for detection of local defects in textured materials.
Developer Mistakes in Writing Android Manifests: An Empirical Study of Configuration Errors

Each Android app must have an Android manifest file. It is one of the most important configuration files manually written by developers. In addition to various configuration parameters required to run an app, it also contains configuration parameters which are used to implement security, compatibility, and accessibility of an app. Any mistakes in writing the manifest file can cause serious implications in terms of security, reliability, and availability of an app. In this paper, we study and report different types of mistakes committed by developers in writing Android manifest files. The study was performed on 13,483 real-world Android apps. We also present an open source rule-based static analysis tool which detects developer mistakes in the manifest file. The tool generates a warning message if it detects any misconfigurations in the manifest file. We used the tool to perform the empirical study and it generated total 59,547 configuration errors in 11,110 apps. Only 2,373 apps, among studied apps, do not have any configuration errors.
Unified Framework for Automated Iris Segmentation Using Distantly Acquired Face Images

Remote human identification using iris biometrics has high civilian and surveillance applications and its success requires the development of robust segmentation algorithm to automatically extract the iris region. This paper presents a new iris segmentation framework which can robustly segment the iris images acquired using near infrared or visible illumination. The proposed approach exploits multiple higher order local pixel dependencies to robustly classify the eye region pixels into iris or noniris regions. Face and eye detection modules have been incorporated in the unified framework to automatically provide the localized eye region from facial image for iris segmentation. We develop robust postprocessing operations algorithm to effectively mitigate the noisy pixels caused by the misclassification. Experimental results presented in this paper suggest significant improvement in the average segmentation errors over the previously proposed approaches, i.e., 47.5%, 34.1%, and 32.6% on UBIRIS.v2, FRGC, and CASIA.v4 at-a-distance databases, respectively. The usefulness of the proposed approach is also ascertained from recognition experiments on three different publicly available databases.
Comments on "An Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Management Algorithm"

We note that there are some discrepancies in the results reported in the previous titled paper. Our experiments indicate that the authors have considered only a subset of all possible fusion rules, contradicting the statement that all possible rules have been considered. Moreover, the authors state that only monotonic rules can be optimal, and therefore, all other rules can be ignored. However, our experimental results examining all possible rules demonstrate that a nonmonotonic rule can also be an optimum fusion rule.
A framework of community inspired distributed message dissemination and emergency alert response system over smart phones

In this paper, we propose a framework for distributed dissemination of messages over the GSM network by leveraging the capabilities of smart phones. The major contribution of this work is an implementation of a broker-based peer to peer protocol for prioritized delivery of messages in order to support a fast emergency alert and response mechanisms. We have implemented a distributed phone book for controlled dissemination of messages along with a framework for handling responses appropriate to alert messages. In particular, our focus is on the origin and theoretical rationale of system design and the implementation of Data Cart and Data Cart Tracker. The two key features we have preserved in the implementation are: (i) energy efficiency, and (ii) prioritized delivery of messages.
Improving XOR-Dominated Circuits by Exploiting Dependencies between Operands

Logic synthesis has made impressive progress in the last decade and has pervaded digital design replacing almost universally manual techniques. A remarkable exception is computer arithmetic and datapath design, where designers still rely mostly on well studied architectures; on datapaths, in most cases, logic synthesis plays at most a minor role in the optimisation of netlists. A case in point is multiple additions performed in carry-save form, such as those fundamentally constituting parallel multipliers: column compressors are usually built exploiting the regularity of the circuit and, due to the very large number of XOR operations, are hardly optimised further by logic synthesisers. In fact, due to the shortcomings of algebraic factoring, XOR operations are usually left untouched by logic synthesisers. In this paper we show a general technique to optimise XOR dominated circuits and we demonstrate its effectiveness on multiplier-like circuits. We show that it optimises significantly the best parallel multipliers by exploiting complex dependencies between the addenda which escape known manual optimisations. Netlists corresponding to top arithmetic architectures can either be synthesised directly or preprocessed through our technique before standard logic synthesis: our preprocessing stage makes it possible to achieve some 20% speed improvement. To our best knowledge, optimisations of the type we show for multiplier-like structures have never been reported - neither manually derived, in computer arithmetic literature, nor automatically derived, in design automation literature.
A Unified Framework for Contactless Hand Verification

Two-dimensional (2-D) hand-geometry features carry limited discriminatory information and therefore yield moderate performance when utilized for personal identification. This paper investigates a new approach to achieve performance improvement by simultaneously acquiring and combining three-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D features from the human hand. The proposed approach utilizes a 3-D digitizer to simultaneously acquire intensity and range images of the presented hands of the users in a completely contact-free manner. Two new representations that effectively characterize the local finger surface features are extracted from the acquired range images and are matched using the proposed matching metrics. In addition, the characterization of 3-D palm surface using SurfaceCode is proposed for matching a pair of 3-D palms. The proposed approach is evaluated on a database of 177 users acquired in two sessions. The experimental results suggest that the proposed 3-D hand-geometry features have significant discriminatory information to reliably authenticate individuals. Our experimental results demonstrate that consolidating 3-D and 2-D hand-geometry features results in significantly improved performance that cannot be achieved with the traditional 2-D hand-geometry features alone. Furthermore, this paper also investigates the performance improvement that can be achieved by integrating five biometric features, i.e., 2-D palmprint, 3-D palmprint, finger texture, along with 3-D and 2-D hand-geometry features, that are simultaneously extracted from the user's hand presented for authentication.
Personal Identification Using Multibiometrics Rank-Level Fusion

This paper investigates a new approach for the personal recognition using rank-level combination of multiple biometrics representations. There has been very little effort to study rank-level fusion approaches for multibiometrics combination and none using multiple palmprint representations. In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear rank-level fusion approach and present a comparative study of rank-level fusion approaches, which can be useful in combining multibiometrics fusion. The comparative experimental results from the publicly available multibiometrics scores and real hand biometrics data to evaluate/ascertain the rank-level combination using Borda count, logistic regression/weighted Borda count, highest rank method, and Bucklin method are presented. Our experimental results presented in this paper suggest that significant performance improvement in the recognition accuracy can be achieved as compared to those from individual palmprint representations. The rigorous experimental results presented in this paper also suggest that the proposed nonlinear rank-level approach outperforms the rank-level combination approaches presented in this paper.
Reliability of high-k gate stack on transparent gate recessed channel (TGRC) MOSFET

This work discusses the effectiveness of high-k dielectric as gate stack in transparent gate recessed channel (TGRC) MOSFET having 20nm gate length. The main aim of this study is to analyse the reliability issues of TGRC MOSFET in terms of analog parameters. Results indicate that with the incorporation of HfO2 as gate stack on SiO2, on-current enhances significantly whereas leakage current (off-current) which hampers the device performance reduces appreciably and thus improves the switching ratio in comparison to Al2O3 and ZrO2 gate stack. This improvement is due to increment in physical oxide thickness which reduces the off current owing to reduced tunnelling and thereby improving the static power dissipation. However, it is also observed that HfO2 stacked TGRC exhibit improved device performance in contrast to other high-k materials. The observations are supported by the data presented in the results section. All the simulations are performed using TCAD tool ATLAS.
Slanted finger inter-digital transducers for the design of improved performance small shape factor mid-bandwidth SAW filters

The virtues of slanted finger inter-digital transducers, or SFITs, for the realization of wide band SAW filters are well proven. A combination of low in-band ripples and good stop band attenuation gives SFITs the added edge over conventional IDT techniques. However, when it comes to small shape factor mid-bandwidth filters, conventional IDT design has been the first choice, often leading to large filter chip lengths. What is ignored though is the size and performance advantage that SFITs can offer, in such cases. This paper describes how SFITs can be useful for the realization of high performance small shape factor SAW filters in a compact size. To illustrate the point, a linear-phase SAW filter using SFITs with a 10% fractional bandwidth at a centre frequency of 15.6 MHz and a 30 dB to 3 dB shape factor of 1.23 is designed and fabricated on Y-Z LiNbO3. A side lobe suppression of 35 dB is achieved. It is also shown how the use of conventional IDT technique for achieving the same specifications leads to a large filter length.
Human Identification Using Palm-Vein Images

This paper presents two new approaches to improve the performance of palm-vein-based identification systems presented in the literature. The proposed approach attempts to more effectively accommodate the potential deformations, rotational and translational changes by encoding the orientation preserving features and utilizing a novel region-based matching scheme. We systematically compare the previously proposed palm-vein identification approaches with our proposed ones on two different databases that are acquired with the contactless and touch-based imaging setup. We evaluate the performance improvement in both verification and recognition scenarios and analyze the influence of enrollment size on the performance. In this context, the proposed approaches are also compared for its superiority using single image enrollment on two different databases. The rigorous experimental results presented in this paper, on the databases of 100 and 250 subjects, consistently conforms the superiority of the proposed approach in both the verification and recognition scenario.
Modeling and control of a battery connected standalone photovoltaic system

This paper presents modeling and control of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system in which a battery is used as a backup source for power management between the source and the load. Lead-acid battery is commonly used in high power PV applications due to its low cost and availability in large size. The modeling of PV system and lead-acid battery by using the corresponding equivalent circuits are discussed here. Three independent control loops are proposed to control the standalone PV system; MPPT control loop for extracting maximum power from PV module under different solar irradiation, battery control loop for bidirectional power flow between battery and dc-link through buck-boost converter to keep the input dc voltage constant, and inverter control loop for maintaining good voltage regulation and achieving fast dynamic response under sudden load fluctuations. The stability of the above control loops are verified by using Bode diagram. Finally the proposed method is applied to 2 kW, 110 V, 50 Hz, two-stage single-phase standalone PV system. The simulation and the experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis, effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.
First order multifunction filters based on CCDDCCTA

Two new voltage mode and current mode first order multifunction filters based on a new analog building block; current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA) is presented. The presented filters are two input single output configurations. It uses single CCDDCCTA and single capacitor only. It provides voltage mode and current mode high pass (HP), low pass (LP) and all pass (AP) responses and all responses are electronically tunable by bias current. The block has been designed using CMOS 0.25 μm TSMC technology process parameters. The performances of filters are examined with PSPICE OrCAD 16.6 simulator. Simulation results verify the theory.
Asynchronous auction for distributed nonlinear Resource Allocation

Nonlinear Resource Allocation Problems are concerned with the optimal allocation of N continuous resources to M missions/tasks with nonlinear utilities. Numerous problems from diverse fields such as search theory, statistics, finance, economics, logistics, sensor and wireless networks fit this formulation. Several centralized/synchronous algorithms are available for solving this problem including RAP Auction  which was proposed by the the authors. RAP Auction finds a near optimal solutions with pseudo-polynomial complexity for generalized class of monotonic convex cost functions including non-differentiable and/or non-strictly convex functions. In this paper, we present and discuss asynchronous version of RAP Auction. This algorithm supports the computation framework in which nodes behave as autonomous agents making local decisions without waiting for each other.
Poster: Clustering-based approach for constructing reliable radiation hybrid framework maps

Radiation Hybrid Mapping (RHM) provides a means of ordering markers on a chromosome. The process of mapping markers is equivalent to the traveling salesman problem, and thereby has combinatorial complexity. Addressing this computational complexity for a large number of markers is one problem addressed in the presented research. A related problem is that the quality of mapping information differs across markers. If unreliable markers are included in the mapping process, the overall accuracy of the map is decreased. A common approach to the latter or both problems is to start by building a framework map that only uses the most reliable markers. However, we will show that commonly used framework building techniques neither have the necessary chromosome coverage nor map quality, and most are prohibitively slow. The proposed approaches use a divide and conquer strategy that allows the mapping to be done more computationally efficiently, and that reduces the effect of unreliable markers on the map construction. Data from RHM of the human genome are used to test and evaluate the proposed approaches comparing the generated framework maps with physical maps and other framework maps. The proposed maps show good coverage of the chromosomes and high agreement with the physical map marker order.
Design of thermal model and implementation of thermal solutions for nano satellite

The paper describes in detail the thermal model of a 2U class nano-satellite, which takes into account the design parameters including major thermal loads, heat sinks and the thermal properties of the various materials used in the satellite. Thermal model is subjected to various test scenarios varying with respect to orbit parameters which changes heat flux on panels. The current paper aims to demonstrate the thermal aspects of this under-graduate student team-built satellite which include the design of thermal protection for the satellite on the basis of thermal simulations. Only passive thermal control is used as Nano satellite design considerations severely limit the power, mass and volume margins thereby rendering active thermal control non sustainable within a small satellite system. Passive hermal control is attempted through paints and tapes of suitable thermo-optical properties. Heat sinks are discussed in the form of inter-PCB spacers, providing thermal path to the primary structure which radiates to space.
Efficient and Accurate At-a-Distance Iris Recognition Using Geometric Key-Based Iris Encoding

Accurate iris recognition from the distantly acquired face or eye images under less constrained environments require development of specialized strategies which can accommodate for significant image variations (e.g., scale, rotation, translation) and influence from multiple noise sources. A set of coordinate-pairs, which is referred to as geometric key in this paper is randomly generated and exclusively assigned to each subject enrolled into the system. Such geometric key uniquely defines the way how the iris features are encoded from the localized iris region pixels. Such iris encoding scheme involves computationally efficient and fast comparison operation on the locally assembled image patches using the locations defined by the geometric key. The image patches involved in such operation can be more tolerant to the noise. Scale and rotation changes in the localized iris region can be well accommodated by using the transformed geometric key. The binarized encoding of such local iris features still allows efficient computation of their similarity using Hamming distance. The superiority of the proposed iris encoding and matching strategy is ascertained by providing comparison with several state-of-the-art iris encoding and matching algorithms on three publicly available databases: UBIRIS.v2, FRGC, CASIA.v4-distance, which suggests the average improvements of 36.3%, 32.7%, and 29.6% in equal error rates, respectively, as compared with several competing approaches.
Area-Efficient Low-Noise Low-Spur Architecture for an Analog PLL Working From a Low Frequency Reference

This brief presents an area-efficient low-noise architecture for an analog phase-locked loop (PLL) working off a low frequency reference. The architecture has been demonstrated in a 100-400-MHz PLL implemented for wireless connectivity and broadcast applications. It can easily be extended to gigahertz (GHz) operations. A low reference frequency forces a low loop bandwidth, which requires large loop filter components. The challenge is to keep the area small while meeting the jitter specs. By using a charge-pumpless architecture with a novel windowing function, we were able to stabilize the loop with a large resistor and a moderate capacitor without degrading phase noise due to the large thermal noise from the resistor. This provides substantial advantage for area reduction. The windowing function also improves leakage-induced spurs by 16 dB. The PLL was designed in a 45-nm CMOS all-digital process. It occupies an area of 0.09 mm2 and draws a total current of 800 μA.