nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust shape-constrained active contour for whole heart segmentation in 3-D CT images for radiotherapy planning

Automatic segmentation of the whole heart in computed tomography(CT) image is crucial for efficient treatment planning of thoracic radiotherapy. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic method for whole heart segmentation of thoracic CT images. A robust active shape model (Robust ASM) is proposed using shape models developed from training data to reduce outliers due to similar intensity of neighboring organs. A novel shape constrained active contour model is presented to further improve the segmentation result. A mean point-to-surface error of 2.37mm was measured based on 38 images. The averaged Dice index is 0.90.
Dielectric Engineering on Cell Capacitor for Advanced Trench DRAM

In this paper, we discuss the cell capacitor characteristics via wafer acceptance test (WAT) and reliability test for advanced trench capacitor. Combination of N2O reoxidation and NH3 nitridation processes can improve leakage current and maintain the same level of cell capacitance. This obvious improvement is contributed from extra nitrogen incorporation in reoxidation surface and more oxygen incorporation in nitride layer, which modify the film structure of storage dielectrics. Based on secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, we propose the band model to clarify the influence of reoxidation and nitridation processes on cell trench capacitor
Bidirectional Decision Feedback Modified Viterbi Detection (BD-DFMV) for Shingled Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording (BPMR) With 2D Sectors and Alternating Track Widths

Shingled bit-patterned media (BPM) recording is a promising candidate to improve the magnetic recording density above 1 Tb/in2 while keeping the conventional writer design. However, shingled magnetic recording (SMR) leads to a narrower track pitch, and thus increased inter-track interference motivating the investigation of array readers and 2-D sectors. In this paper, we investigate SMR on BPM with 2-D sectors at the channel density of 3.71 Tb/in2. Use of 2-D sectors allows the possibility of using either hard or soft information from already detected tracks in that 2-D sector to improve the detection performance on the current track. An important question in this context is whether all tracks in a 2-D sector should be of the same nominal width or if there is a potential benefit to using different widths for adjacent tracks. Based on our investigation, we show that alternating track widths [i.e., one less-trimmed (fat) track followed by one more-trimmed (narrow) track] are beneficial to a bit error rate (BER) perspective. In particular, we propose and investigate the use of a bidirectional decision feedback modified Viterbi (BD-DFMV) detector to improve the BER performance. Our simulations indicate that for a hypothetical 2-D sector with 13 tracks and 5% media noise and at the target BER of 10-2, using alternating track widths and readback with a single reader, the BD-DFMV algorithm can provide about 1.6 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain, compared with using the same detection algorithm but on a 2-D sector with uniform track widths. When using a reader array instead of a single reader, this SNR gain improves to about 2.0 dB. The alternating track width structure also appears to provide more robustness to track mis-registration compared with the 2-D uniform track width case.
Face recognition using scattering convolutional network

Face recognition has been an active research area in the past few decades. In general, face recognition can be very challenging due to variations in viewpoint, illumination, facial expression, etc. Therefore it is essential to extract features which are invariant to some or all of these variations. Here a new image representation, called scattering trans-form/network, has been used to extract features from faces. The scattering transform is a kind of convolutional network which provides a powerful multi-layer representation for signals. After extraction of scattering features, PCA is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the data and then a multi-class support vector machine is used to perform recognition. The proposed algorithm has been tested on three face datasets and achieved a very high recognition rate.
Image reconstruction for hybrid video coding systems

Presents a new technique for image reconstruction from partially received information for hybrid video coding systems using DCT and motion compensated prediction and interpolation. The technique makes use of the smoothness property of typical video signals by requiring the reconstructed samples be smoothly connected with their adjacent samples, both spatially and temporally. This is fulfilled by minimizing the differences between neighboring pixels in the current as well as adjacent frames. The optimal solution is obtained through three linear transformations. This approach can yield more satisfactory results than the existing algorithms, especially for images with large motions or scene changes.<<ETX>>
A Disturbance-Free Energy-Efficient STT-MRAM Based on Complementary Polarizers

Complementary-polarizer magnetic tunnel junction (CPMTJ) is a promising device for high-performance nonvolatile memory because of its low critical current and inherently differential structure. In this letter, we present a novel CPMTJ-based STT-MRAM structure with separated reading and writing paths and explore the capability of the proposed structure to achieve disturbance-free READ operations based on the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF). Micromagnetic simulations show that the proposed structure can reduce the read disturbance rate significantly and achieve disturbance-free READ operations with a suitable exchange stiffness constant. In addition, a compact model for CPMTJ is developed to evaluate the proposed structure at the circuit level. SPICE simulations based on the proposed model show that the proposed structure achieves eight times improvement in access energy efficiency over the previous CPMTJ-based STT-MRAM while preserving high access speed.
Study on crop water requirement in the middle reaches of Heihe river basin based on sebs model

Crop water requirement is very important for water cycle and is a determinant factor for the accurate estimation of water and heat flux in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC). In arid regions, quantitative estimation of crop water requirement is the base of appraising terrestrial NPP, regional water consumption, soil water transport, crop production, and land use under changing climate. In this study, we selected the middle reaches of Heihe river basin as the study area and estimated the crop water requirement for 2009 use SEBS model, remote sensing data (MOD021KM MOD03, MOD 09GA) and crop phenological data. ΓWe found that: 1) SEBS model performed well and can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of crop water requirement in the arid regions; 2) The corresponding results can provide baseline aimed to fulfill water requirement for crop production at middle reach and vegetation conservation at lower reach of Heihe River basin.
Can Workplace Friendship Reduce Social Loafing?

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between workplace friendship and social loafing effect among employees in Certified Public Accounting (CPA) firms. Previous studies showed that workplace friendship has both positive and negative effects, meaning that there is an inconsistent relationship between workplace friendship and social loafing. The present study investigated the correlation between workplace friendship and social loafing effect among employees from CPA firms in Taiwan. The study results revealed that there was a negative relationship between workplace friendship and social loafing effect among CPA employees. In other words, the better the workplace friendship, the lower the social loafing effect. An individual would not put less effort in work when there was a low social loafing effect.
Dynamic role assignment based on X.509 PMI mechanism for mobile agent systems

Unauthorized access of malicious entities to agent systems is becoming a serious threat to agent-based communications. An X.509 attribute certificate-based access control mechanism for mobile agent systems is given. Authorization policies of this access control can be dynamically adapted to the constantly evolving threats from computer systems and networks. The privilege management infrastructure (PMI) based on X.509 standard provides an interoperability solution among varied agent platform by utilizing external authorization data structure, namely, attribute certificate fields. A role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism for agent systems based on attribute certificates is designed.
Active mesh-a feature seeking and tracking image sequence representation scheme

This paper introduces a representation scheme for image sequences using nonuniform samples embedded in a deformable mesh structure. It describes a sequence by nodal positions and colors in a starting frame, followed by nodal displacements in the following frames. The nodal points in the mesh are more densely distributed in regions containing interesting features such as edges and corners; and are dynamically updated to follow the same features in successive frames. They are determined automatically by maximizing feature (e.g., gradient) magnitudes at nodal points, while minimizing interpolation errors within individual elements, and matching errors between corresponding elements. In order to avoid the mesh elements becoming overly deformed, a penalty term is also incorporated, which measures the irregularity of the mesh structure. The notions of shape functions and master elements commonly used in the finite element method have been applied to simplify the numerical calculation of the energy functions and their gradients. The proposed representation is motivated by the active contour or snake model proposed by Kass, Witkin, and Terzopoulos (1988). The current representation retains the salient merit of the original model as a feature tracker based on local and collective information, while facilitating more accurate image interpolation and prediction. Our computer simulations have shown that the proposed scheme can successfully track facial feature movements in head-and-shoulder type of sequences, and more generally, interframe changes that can be modeled as elastic deformation. The treatment for the starting frame also constitutes an efficient representation of arbitrary still images.
Comparison of lifetime predictions with LED lamps and light source modules in accelerated aging tests

In order to investigate the difference of the lifetime predictions between LED lamps and light source modules, different types of accelerated aging tests have been done in this paper. The accelerated temperatures are 85 °C, 80 °C and 60 °C for three aging tests, respectively. Luminous flux, as evaluation criteria of degradation, is measured at accelerated aging temperatures. Fitted by the exponential decay law of luminous flux, decay rate of each sample is acquired. Under the condition of Weibull distribution, two-stage method is used to solve the degradation model and to calculate the accelerated lifetimes of LED. The lifetimes at room temperature of 25 °C are then calculated by use of the Arrhenius model. It is shown that the widths of confidence intervals of parameters of Weibull distribution are improved greatly by the second stage of simulation. The averaged confidence interval of shape parameter is about 3% of that in the first stage of estimate. The medium lifetime at room temperature of LED lamp declines by 5.6% as compared with light source module. This implies that the aging of driver module has small influence on lifetime of LED lamp.
Generalised Vector Precoding Design Based on the MBER Criterion for Multiuser Transmission

A generalised vector precoding (VP) design based on the minimum bit error rate (MBER) criterion is proposed for multiuser transmission in the downlink of a multiuser system where the base station (BS) equipped with multiple transmit antennas communicates with single-receive-antenna mobile station (MS) receivers each having a modulo detection device. Our transmit preprocessing scheme generates the effective symbol vector based on the MBER criterion, given the knowledge of the channel state information and the current information symbol vector to be transmitted. The proposed MBER based generalised VP algorithm is shown to outperform even the powerful minimum mean-square-error VP benchmark, particularly for rank-deficient systems where the number of BS's transmit antennas is smaller than the number MSs supported.
A novel manufacturing scheme for TSVs with porous polymer insulation liners

In this paper, a novel manufacturing scheme based on heat-depolymerizable material and thermosetting material is proposed to achieve high performance through silicon vias (TSVs) with porous polymer insulation liners. In order to strengthen the mechanical reliability and guarantee the low capacitance and low thermal expansion stress of TSVs, we come up with the novel TSVs with porous polymer insulation liners. And we present a manufacturing scheme for the porous polymer insulation liners. The polymer adopted in the manufacturing scheme is the mixture polymer of heat-depolymerizable material Polyimide (PPC) and thermosetting material Polyimide (PI). To address the challenge in fabrication of porous polymer liners in high aspect-ratio TSVs, we have adopted a vacuum-assisted spin-coating technology for filling the mixture polymer (PPC&PI) in high aspect-ratio annular trenches. Finally, through initial pre-cure and eventual pyrolysis, the porous structure can be achieved.
An Optical Domain Combined Dual-Loop Optoelectronic Oscillator

A dual loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is able to effectively suppress the sidemodes in each single loop. In this paper, a dual-loop OEO scheme is reported. By utilizing a polarization-beam splitter and a polarization-beam combiner, the two loops are directly joined in the optical domain without adding any active electrical device. The laser's phase-to-intensity noise is discussed. We present free-running experimental results, which show a phase noise of -109 dBc/Hz at 10kHz away from the carrier (12 GHz) and a Q value of 1010 with a sidemode suppression ratio of 60 dB, which is improved by 30-50dB in the experimental comparison. Meanwhile, the experimental comparison indicates that no significant noise is introduced by this configuration
An In-Out-VM measurement architecture against dynamic attacks in clouds

As we know, the biggest challenge for SaaS (software as a service) cloud computing systems is guaranteeing user-level security. For this end, some approaches and systems have been proposed for virtual machine in cloud platform. However, the integrity measurement methods used in virtual machine, cannot detect dynamic attacks, such as measuring applications periodically or statically (measuring before execution). This paper first presents an In-Out-VM dynamic measurement architecture (IODMA) especially for Xen virtual machine (VM), which aims at user's running applications rather than static executable files. By comparison, it has advantages in three aspects. Firstly, it detects dynamic attacks and has a better performance than the static ones. Secondly, the measurements are done at any time on demand rather than at specific time. Thirdly, it supports fine-grained protection such as measuring the code segment and the argument segment separately. In addition, it is implemented by a hybrid of In-VM method and Out-of-VM method. The In-VM part of the hybrid effectively reduces the switching overheads between privileged virtual machine and guest virtual machines, while the Out-of-VM part improves the security. Finally, an implementation of IODMA is given equipped with the Trusted Platform Module (TPM), which achieves above goals with good performance.
Cooperative Source and Channel Coding for Wireless Multimedia Communications

Past work on cooperative communications has indicated substantial improvements in channel reliability through cooperative transmission strategies. To exploit cooperation benefits for multimedia transmission over slow fading channels, we propose to jointly allocate bits among source coding, channel coding and cooperation to minimize the expected distortion of the reconstructed signal at the receiver. Recognizing that, not all source bits are equally important in terms of the end-to-end distortion, we further propose to protect the more important bits through user cooperation. We compare four modes of transmission that differ in their compression and error protection strategies (single layer or multiple layer source coding with unequal error protection, with versus without cooperation). Our study includes an i.i.d. Gaussian source as well as a video source employing an H.263+ codec. We present an information theoretic analysis for the Gaussian source to investigate the effects of the modulation scheme, bandwidth ratio (number of channel uses per source sample), and average link signal-to-noise ratios on the end-to-end distortion of the four modes studied. The information theoretic observations are validated using practical channel coding simulations. Our study for video considers error propagation in decoded video due to temporal prediction and jointly optimizes a source coding parameter that controls error propagation, in addition to bits for source coding, channel coding and cooperation. The results show that cooperation can significantly reduce the expected end-to-end distortion for both types of source and that layered cooperation provides further improvements and extends the benefits to a wider range of channel qualities.
Fuzzy prediction control strategy of EMS with energy hybridization of high energy and high power

A combination of different electric energy supply with different feature is designed for high acceleration and high ranges and improves the whole system properties. Energy supply system with energy hybridization of high energy and high power need an intelligent management system in order to control power and state of charge. In this paper we proposed a fuzzy prediction control strategy of energy management system (EMS) based on a new forward-looking and causal structure model. This control strategy is mainly consisted of three controllers, including SOC prediction controller, recharge controller and power allocation controller. Simulation result shows that the driving range, the fuel economy and efficiency of fuzzy prediction control strategy have rapidly improvement compared with simple allocation (look-up table) control strategy. In the next step we will apply this control strategy with actual EV through "dspace autobox".
Power efficient H.263 video transmission over wireless channels

We introduce an approach for adaptive minimization of the total power consumption of wireless video communications subject to a given level of quality of service. Our approach exploits tradeoffs between the power consumption of the H.263 encoder, the Reed-Solomon channel encoder and the transmitter. Simulation results show that source and channel coding parameters and transmit energy per bit should vary based on channel conditions. Optimized settings can reduce the total power consumption by a significant factor compared to fixed parameter settings which do not match with the channel conditions.
Gait analysis for patients with Alzheimer'S disease using a triaxial accelerometer

This paper presents an inertial-sensor-based wearable device and its associated stride detection algorithm to analyze gait information for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The wearable gait analysis device is composed of a triaxial accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an RF wireless transmission module. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed device and algorithm, nine AD patients and three healthy controls were recruited to participate a gait analysis experiment. They were asked to mount the device on their foot and walk along a straight line of 40 meters at normal speed. The stride detection algorithm, consisting of procedures of data collection, signal preprocessing, and stride detection, has been developed for acquiring gait feature information from acceleration signals. The advantages of this wearable gait analysis device include the following: 1) It can be used anywhere without any external device, and 2) the stride detection algorithm can acquire gait feature information from acceleration signals automatically and effectively. Experimental results show that the AD patients exhibited a significantly shorter mean stride length and slower mean gait speed than those of the healthy controls. No significant differences in mean stride frequency and mean cadence were observed in the two groups. The variability in the percentage of the stance phase of the AD patients was slightly greater than that of the healthy controls. Based on the above results and discussions with physicians, we conclude that the proposed wearable gait analysis device is a promising tool for automatically analyzing gait information which can serve as indicators for early diagnosis of AD.
Layered randomized cooperative multicast for lossy data: A superposition approach

In this paper, we consider randomized distributed cooperation for multicasting a source signal with end-to-end distortion used as a performance metric. In order to provide differentiated quality to users with different channel strengths, we study layered cooperation where layers are transmitted simultaneously using superposition coding. We first formulate the problem and investigate the effect of power allocation of different layers on the distribution of end-to-end quality of users under a real-time delivery requirement. We then compare the proposed scheme with sequential layered transmission in which the layers are transmitted sequentially in time. Our results show that layered cooperation with superimposed layers outperforms sequential layered cooperation and provides a good alternative for multicast applications.
Progressive Learning Machine: A New Approach for General Hybrid System Approximation

As the most important property of neural networks (NNs), the universal approximation capability of NNs is widely used in many applications. However, this property is generally proven for continuous systems. Most industrial systems are hybrid systems (e.g., piecewise continuous), which is a significant limitation for real applications. Recently, many identification methods have been proposed for hybrid system approximation; however, these methods only operate in linear hybrid systems. In this paper, the progressive learning machine-a new learning algorithm based on multi-NNs-is proposed for general hybrid nonlinear/linear system approximation. This algorithm classifies hybrid systems into several continuous systems and can approximate any hybrid system with zero output error. The performance of the proposed learning method is demonstrated via numerical examples and with experimental data from real applications.
Maintenance of sequential patterns for record modification using pre-large sequences

In previous work we proposed incremental mining algorithms for maintenance of sequential patterns based on the concept of pre-large sequences as records were inserted or deleted. Although maintenance of sequential patterns for record modification can be performed by using the deletion procedure and then the insertion procedure, double the computation time of a single procedure is needed. In this paper, we attempt to apply the concept of pre-large sequences to maintain sequential patterns as records are modified. The proposed algorithm does not require rescanning original databases until the accumulative number of modified customer sequences exceeds a safety bound derived by a pre-large concept. As databases grow larger, the number of modified customer sequences allowed before database rescanning also needs to grow.