nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of TCC on chip-multiprocessors

Transactional coherence and consistency (TCC) is a novel coherence scheme for shared memory multiprocessors that uses programmer-defined transactions as the fundamental unit of parallel work, synchronization, coherence, and consistency. TCC has the potential to simplify parallel program development and optimization by providing a smooth transition from sequential to parallel programs. In this paper, we study the implementation of TCC on chip-multiprocessors (CMPs). We explore design alternatives such as the granularity of state tracking, double-buffering, and write-update and write-invalidate protocols. Furthermore, we characterize the performance of TCC in comparison to conventional snoopy cache coherence (SCC) using parallel applications optimized for each scheme. We conclude that the two coherence schemes perform similarly, with each scheme having a slight advantage for some applications. The bandwidth requirements of TCC are slightly higher but well within the capabilities of CMP systems. Also, we find that overflow of speculative state can be effectively handled by a simple victim cache. Our results suggest TCC can provide its programming advantages without compromising the performance expected from well-tuned parallel applications.
A Dynamic Bit-vector Approach for Efficiently Mining Inter-sequence Patterns

The inter-sequence pattern (ISP) mining method can be used to mine sequential patterns inside a transaction and inter-transaction patterns in several transactions. Consequently, the ISP mining method is more general than two traditional sequence mining methods. This paper proposes an algorithm that uses a dynamic bit-vector (DBV) data structure to efficiently mine ISPs. The DBV-ISP algorithm uses the divide-and-conquer method to reduce the required storage space and execution time. Experimental results show that DBV-ISP is more efficient than the EISP-Miner algorithm in terms of execution time and memory usage.
112-GHz, 157-GHz, and 180-GHz InP HEMT traveling-wave amplifiers

We report traveling-wave amplifiers having 1-112 GHz bandwidth with 7 dB gain, and 1-157 GHz bandwidth with 5 dB gain. A third amplifier exhibited 5 dB gain and a 180 GHz high-frequency cutoff. The amplifiers were fabricated in a 0.1-/spl mu/m gate length InGaAs/InAlAs HEMT MIMIC technology. The use of gate-line capacitive-division, cascode gain cells and low-loss elevated coplanar waveguide lines have yielded record bandwidth broad-band amplifiers.
A clustering method for geometric data based on approximation using conformal geometric algebra

Clustering is one of the most useful methods for understanding similarity among data. However, most conventional clustering methods do not pay sufficient attention to the geometric properties of data. Geometric algebra (GA) is a generalization of complex numbers and quaternions able to describe spatial objects and the relations between them. This paper uses conformal GA (CGA), which is a part of GA, to transform a vector in a real vector space into a vector in a CGA space and presents a proposed new clustering method using conformal vectors. In particular, this paper shows that the proposed method was able to extract the geometric clusters which could not be detected by conventional methods.
A pipelined Schnorr-Euchner sphere decoder architecture for MIMO systems

The combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) is a potential solution for increasing throughput and reliability in data transmission. A pipelined architecture for a Schnorr-Euchner algorithm based sphere decoder used in STBC systems is proposed in this paper. The architecture was designed for a 2×2 antenna system with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). The architecture was synthesized and implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA. The implementation results have shown that the proposed architecture outperforms existing ones in terms of throughput and maximum clock frequency thanks to pipelined processing.
A hybrid OFDM-WDM visible light communications

The paper presents a hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) - wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) visible light communication (VLC). Direct detection is adopted in place of complex digital signal processing such as channel estimation and channel equalization, or even forward error corrections. Generic red, green and blue light emitting diodes (LED) are used for high-speed WDM based 3-channel VLC and white LED for indoor illumination. In each channel, we have used direct current optical OFDM to improve the frequency utilization efficiency. We report an experimental data rate of 288 Mb/s over a transmission span of 1m for indoor applications.
Bond graph modeling and analysis of intermediary cooling system of a nuclear power plants

This paper presents a bond graph (BG) model and a physical structural analysis of an intermediary cooling system of a power plant. The main goal is to extend the techniques already in use for the physical structural analysis of mechatronic systems to perform static analysis and diagnosis on physical models in order to state whether they are well-posed and suitable for each step of the system's lifecycle (from its design to its operation). If a problem for modeling, for simulating or for solving the given engineering question is detected, the analysis shall localize the problem in the model and give the physical interpretation of the error. The objective is not to be able to diagnose all possible physical errors, but to add another type of analysis in order to improve error detection before compiling and running a model.
Analysis of fractional-n bang-bang digital PLLs using phase switching technique

The adoption of the digital/time converter (DTC) circuit in fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) allows the realization of high-performance bang-bang digital PLLs suitable for wireless communications. In this paper, a general expression of the dynamic range required for the DTC is derived as a function of the order of the Delta-Sigma modulator driving the frequency-divider modulus. Based on this, it is shown how the combination of the DTC with the M-phase switching technique helps to relax the DTC dynamic range by a factor of M and reduce its nonlinearity. The effectiveness of the phase switching technique is demonstrated via behavioral-level simulation of a digital PLL in the case of first-, second-, and third-order Delta-Sigma modulator.
An overview of the ITER electron cyclotron H&CD system

This Paper reviews the design and functionality of the 24MW 170GHz electron cyclotron heating and current drive system being planned for the ITER Tokamak. The sub-systems (power supplies, gyrotrons, transmission lines and launcher antennas) are described based on present day technologies, while on-going R&D provides component and sub-system testing with the possibility of increasing the reliability of the overall EC system. Modifications to the steering ranges of the launching antennas are under investigation that can improve the functional capabilities of the EC system without increasing cost and relaxing the engineering constraints.
Ubiquitous Rehabilitation Center: An Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network Based Rehabilitation Management System

This paper documents the implementation of a system, the ubiquitous rehabilitation center, which integrates a Zigbee-based wireless network with sensors that monitor patients and rehabilitation machines. These sensors interface with Zigbee motes which in turn interface with a server application that manages all aspects of the rehabilitation center and allows rehabilitation specialists to assign prescriptions to patients. Patients carry out prescriptions while the system monitors and collects all pertinent session data, storing it in a database. The rehabilitation specialist is then able to use trend-based analysis techniques on collected data in order to evaluate a patient's condition. Specialists then assign further prescriptions based on this evaluation. Consequently patients are treated more effectively while potentially spending less time in rehabilitation. This paper demonstrates how the ubiquitous rehabilitation center improves on the traditional rehabilitation center by highlighting the differences in rehabilitation methods using the two systems in an ACL rehabilitation test case.
Characterization and modeling of a pneumatic actuator for a soft continuum robot

Pneumatic actuators are not only low-cost, safe, clean, and exhibit a high power to weight ratio, but also provide alternative technology for MRI-compatible application, like robotic surgery. This paper will present a soft continuum robot which is fully MRI-compatible for medical surgery. Characteristics of static flow stage of actuators for this robot will be firstly analyzed based on standard experimental tests. Mathematical model of the static flow rate stage will be developed using polynomial function and validated. The results of this study will be used to design control scheme for late work.
Design of a Smart Information Diffusion Service for Museums Using RFID-Based Location System

In this paper, we present the design and the imple- mentation of a contextual and multimodal information diffusion system for museums. We propose a proactive service (1) with the ability to sense the profile of nearby visitors, using RFID and WLAN connectivity, (2) that adapts the information content to the target user, and finally (3) that distributes automatically the information to several devices, collective devices like large wall panels disseminated in museum or directly to digital guide carried by visitors.
A Unified Network Control and Management System for an Integrated EPON and Metro Optical Network Testbed

In this paper, a unified network control and management system for an integrated Ethernet-based optical network testbed is introduced. The integrated optical network testbed consists of an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) access network and an metro Ethernet network. A unique feature of the developed network control and management system is that all network control and management signaling frames are transmitted and processed in Ethernet layer. As such, the system has a unified architecture for both the metro Ethernet network and the EPON access networks, and provide a uniform interface for network administrators to manage both networks. The architecture and the major functionalities including virtual local area network (VLAN)-based traffic engineering and resource reservation are discussed.
3D airflow velocity vector sensor

In this paper, we propose a sensor for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) velocity vector of airflows. The sensor, which was a 10 mm spherical figure, had a laminated structure with three channels fabricated inside. The components of the airflow velocity vector were measured respectively by three piezo-resistive cantilevers fabricated in each of the three channels. Experiments with a wind tunnel demonstrated that our sensor can measure not only the velocity amplitude but the 3D velocity direction as well.
Bilateral Control of Nonlinear Pneumatic Teleoperation System With Solenoid Valves

In past research on the control of pneumatic actuators, typically proportional servovalves have been used for achieving high-performance control of the mass flow rate. In this brief, we instead use fast-switching ON/OFF valves due to their distinct advantages in terms of low cost and small size. Accurate control of pneumatic actuators with ON/OFF solenoid valves is a challenge since the system dynamics is both discrete input and highly nonlinear. In this brief, we apply a hybrid control algorithm to a pneumatic actuator with ON/OFF valves. Such a control approach is developed for choosing the best control vector at each sample time to track the reference state (i.e., desired force) in the inner force control loop within a bilateral teleoperation system. Experimental results show that good teleoperation transparency is achieved despite all the obstacles such as discrete input and nonlinear behavior of the pneumatic-actuated teleoperation system.
An Improved Algorithm for Mining Frequent Weighted Itemsets

Mining frequent weighted item sets (FWIs) from weighted items transaction databases (WITDs) has taken the interest of many researchers and there have been several works related to mining FWIs in recent years. Beside, in real world applications, sparse weighted items transaction databases (SWITDs) are very popular. For example, in the super market there are many items, but in the transaction there is only a small number of items. This paper proposes an interval word segment (IWS) structure to store and process tidsets for enhancing effectiveness of mining FWIs from SWITDs. With this structure, intersection operations of tidsets between two item sets are performed blazingly fast. Experimental results obtained on a number of spare databases show that IWS outperforms the existing methods.
A new bearing-only navigation law

This paper proposes a new bearing-only control law which can be used for autonomous navigation task. We firstly compare the proposed control law with a commonly used control law in the literature when the agent navigates with only one beacon. Second, we prove that if there are two or more beacons, the agent can almost globally asymptotically reaches the desired position under the proposed control law. Third, the proposed control law is then applied to a cooperative bearing-only navigation problem. Simulation result is given to support the mathematical analysis.
A time and cost efficient dynamic traffic grooming algorithm for optical mesh networks

Traffic grooming is an efficient technique to utilize network resources by packing low speed traffic streams onto a high speed lightpath. Since many existing traffic grooming algorithms still have very high complexities, and do not consider the costs paid for network systems; in this paper, we propose a time and cost efficient dynamic traffic grooming algorithm (TCGA). The novelty of this heuristic algorithm is that it can reduce the complexity by removing redundant nodes when constructing the reachability graph. Then, from the graph established, we propose the cost functions to determine the optimal grooming path for a new connection request with the minimum cost. The simulation results show that our algorithm has a lower complexity, while still ensuring a comparable blocking performance, compared with other existing approaches
Design and estimate of a new fast block cipher for wireless communication devices

This paper presents the problem of using the controlled substitution-permutation networks (CSPNs) based on controlled elements (CEs) for designing fast block ciphers suitable to cheap hardware implementation. By studying the properties of the CSPNs of different types CEs, we select a suitable CE and CSPN for propose algorithm and design of a new fast block cipher XO-64. Security estimations of XO-64 cipher with NEISSE criteria and differential cryptanalysis show that proposed cipher is high-level security. The synthesis results for hardware implementation (FPGA) prove that XO-64 is very efficient new cipher, especially for wireless devices.
Design of reduced-order state/unknown input observers: A descriptor system approach

This paper addresses the problem of estimating simultaneously a linear function of both the state and unknown input of linear system with unknown inputs. By adopting the descriptor system approach, the problem can be conveniently solved. Observers proposed in this paper are of low-order and do not include the derivatives of the outputs. New conditions for the existence of reduced-order observers are derived. A design procedure for the determination of the observer parameters can also be easily derived based on the derived existence conditions.
A Single-Phase Single-Stage Switched-Boost Inverter With Four Switches

This paper proposes a new single-phase single-stage switched-boost inverter with four switches. Like the quasi-Z-source inverter and quasi-switched boost inverter (qSBI), the proposed inverter has the main features as continuous input current, buck/boost voltage with single-stage conversion, and shoot-through immunity. Compared to the qSBI, the proposed inverter uses one more capacitor and one less switch. This paper presents the operating principles, pulse-width modulation control strategy, parameter design guidelines, and simulation results for the proposed inverter. To verify the performance of the proposed inverter, an 800-W prototype was built with an 110 V/50 Hz output voltage in stand-alone and grid-connected modes. The simulation and experimental results matched those of the theoretical analysis.
A multi-axis piezoresistive MEMS sensor for acoustic emission

In this study, we present an approach for three-dimensional acoustic emission (AE) sensing based on the structure of a liquid-on-piezoresistive beam. The sensor has three piezoresistive beams, covered with silicone droplets, facing three orthogonal directions in order to produce directivity, and to measure three-dimensional AE. Since droplet surface tension is dominant over gravity at microscale, the liquid can keep its shape in any position. Different with conventional AE sensor, the proposed three-dimensional sensor can be downscaled since the beams were piezoresistor-based. Indeed, the assembled chips have the dimensions of 2.8mm×2.8mm×2.8mm. Experiment results demonstrate that the device has different frequency characteristics depending on vibrating direction, thus it can measure both in-plane and out-of-plane AE waves. Furthermore, the device has a clear bi-directional pattern, which is useful for AE source localization.
Bayesian Classifier model for reactive routing improvement in mobile ad-hoc networks

This paper introduces a Bayesian Classifier model to improve the performance for reactive routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). The model can help to increase the network throughput and reduce end-to-end delay by controlling the broadcast area. Additional information related to hop-counts and node densities are used to support routing protocol in broadcasting. It is shown that the achieved throughput is increased twice and the delay is reduced by 50% in comparison to existing conventional routing protocols. The number of control packets disseminated during route discovery process decreased significantly in comparison with conventional scheme.
A Tree-Based, Domain-Oriented Software Architecture for Interactive Object-Oriented Applications

Model-View-Controller (MVC) is an established architectural design pattern for developing interactive, object-oriented applications. Numerous MVC-based application development approaches have been proposed in the literature, the more recent of which incorporate the domain-oriented design approach. From the architectural design view point, however, domain-oriented design has only been applied at the component level. It has not been used to model the architecture itself. In this paper, we propose a novel tree-based, domain-oriented architecture to fill this gap. Our architecture models an application as a set of modules, each of which is a structured class whose parts are of three M-V-C classes. The controller is a class template whose template parameter is bound to the domain class of the module. Complex modules are designed using containment tree that is defined directly on top of the domain class design model. The architecture has been implemented in a Java-based software framework which is being used in various software development projects.
Action unit detection with segment-based SVMs

Automatic facial action unit (AU) detection from video is a long-standing problem in computer vision. Two main approaches have been pursued: (1) static modeling — typically posed as a discriminative classification problem in which each video frame is evaluated independently; (2) temporal modeling — frames are segmented into sequences and typically modeled with a variant of dynamic Bayesian networks. We propose a segment-based approach, kSeg-SVM, that incorporates benefits of both approaches and avoids their limitations. kSeg-SVM is a temporal extension of the spatial bag-of-words. kSeg-SVM is trained within a structured output SVM framework that formulates AU detection as a problem of detecting temporal events in a time series of visual features. Each segment is modeled by a variant of the BoW representation with soft assignment of the words based on similarity. Our framework has several benefits for AU detection: (1) both dependencies between features and the length of action units are modeled; (2) all possible segments of the video may be used for training; and (3) no assumptions are required about the underlying structure of the action unit events (e.g., i.i.d.). Our algorithm finds the best k-or-fewer segments that maximize the SVM score. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art static methods for AU detection.
Binary code learning with semantic ranking based supervision

Recent years have witnessed the increasing popularity of binary hashing for efficient similarity search in large-scale vision problems. This paper presents a novel Supervised Ranking-Based Hashing (SRH) method for efficient binary code learning to better capture the semantic nearest neighbors and improve the search performance. In particular, a family of hash functions is designed to preserve the semantic data structure in the original high-dimensional space by utilizing the semantic ranking order information induced by any specific query. The proposed hashing framework is obtained by jointly minimizing the empirical error over the ranking violation in the binary code space together with the quantization loss between the original data and the binary codes. Furthermore, an effective regularizer for maximizing the even binary code distribution is also taken into account in the optimization to generate more efficient and compact binary codes. Experimental results have demonstrated the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Control the active and reactive powers of three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverters using feedback linearization and fuzzy logic

This paper presents two techniques based on the feedback linearization (FBL) method to control the active and reactive output powers of three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Wherein, the first suggested control scheme is an adoption of the direct FBL approach. The other is an appropriate combination of the FBL and fuzzy logic (FBL-FL), and it is also the main proposed method of this research. In detail, a unique fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed to enhance the effectiveness of the suggested FBL, especially in reducing fluctuations in the active and reactive output powers at the steady state. In this study, the demonstrative PV inverter uses a three-level DC-AC converter, an L-type filter and a 250V/10kV wye-wye transformer to inject the energy, obtained from PV array with a nominal power of 100kW, into the 10kV/60Hz three-phase grid. Simulations illustrate that two suggested control schemes have good performances in regulating independently active and reactive output powers to the references, even within parametric uncertainties. Furthermore, comparisons of simulation results, obtained from the traditional PI control and two the presented FBL-based structures, show salient advantages of the proposed FBL-FL technique in terms of quick response, slight overshoot, small steady-state oscillation and high robustness.