nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for negative bias temperature instability

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has become one of the major limiters for product lifetime, and various models have been proposed in order to explain NBTI. In this paper, an analytical model for DC NBTI and AC NBTI is proposed. This model describes the different time dependence of DC NBTI degradation at both short- and long-term stresses, and also reproduces the frequency and duty cycle dependencies of NBTI under AC stress.
A Robust Image Watermarking Method Based on Adaptive Feature Points Detection

This paper presents a new image watermarking method that is robust against geometric attacks. The proposed method embeds the imperceptible watermarks in a triangle in the spatial domain. The vertexes of the triangle are found by the modified Harris corner detection. In order to get the most robust points, we use the adaptive threshold to work on various possible attacked images. The points passed all the challenges are chosen to be vertexes of the triangle. Watermark is also used to enhance the strength of vertexes. The embedding strength of the watermark depends on the local variance of each pixel. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to withstand a variety of attacks
Digital charge balance controller with an auxiliary circuit for superior unloading transient performance of Buck converters

In this paper, a digital charge balance controller is presented which is capable of controlling a Buck converter and an auxiliary circuit to achieve an excellent unloading transient response. The auxiliary circuit significantly reduces the voltage overshoot caused by an unloading transient while the digital charge balance controller reduces the settling time of the converter. The controller is capable of implementing load-line regulation and yields a smooth transition from one loading condition to another. Simulation and experimental verification is performed and demonstrates significant transient improvement over previously-proposed solutions.
A fragile digital audio watermarking algorithm based on SMM

A novel digital audio watermarking scheme based on statistical-mean manipulation(SMM) is presented in order to content authentication. The watermarks are embedded at the SMM of the high frequency components of a digital audio signal by making full use of the Multi-resolution DWT. First, the digital audio signal is decomposed by using wavelet. Second, the SMM of the high frequency components of the digital audio signal is computed. Finally, the watermark images after being changed with Arnold shuffling techniques are embedded at the SMM. Experimental results show that the performance of the watermarking scheme is indeed superb in terms of fragility.
Coulomb Scattering induced mobility degradation in Ultrathin-body SOI MOSFETs with high-k gate stack

The mobility degradation in ultrathin-body (UTB) SOI MOSFETs with high-k gate stack induced by Coulomb scattering rates is studied. The Coulomb scattering limited electron mobility for different gate dielectric materials and different silicon body thickness are calculated based on Coulomb scattering theories. The results show that increasing the dielectric constant of high-k gate dielectrics and decreasing the Si body thickness of UTB SOI may suppress the mobility degradation caused by Coulomb scattering. Related explanations on the phenomenon are proposed
Design of frequency-domain controlled source for electromagnetic prospecting based on multi-frequency resonance

In order to overcome the low efficiency and poor resolution of the one-frequency-one-time frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) method, a well-organized multi-frequency resonant network is presented to transmit a synthetized current with two or more frequencies. A low-frequency square pulse is used as the test signal to find the resonant frequencies, based on which the barcode driving signals are generated by the multi-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) method. The simulation results prove that the frequency leakage is reduced a lot and most of the energy is concentrated at the resonant frequencies. The resonant network and control technology is useful for obvious improvement of the sounding efficiency and resolution of FDEM method.
A Seven-Switch Five-Level Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter and Its Optimal Modulation Strategy

Multilevel inverters are receiving more attentions nowadays as one of preferred solutions for medium- and high-power applications. As one of the most popular hybrid multilevel inverter topologies, the five-level active-neutral-point-clamped inverter (5L-ANPC) combines the features of the conventional flying-capacitor type and neutral-point-clamped (NPC) type inverter and was commercially used for industrial applications. In order to further decrease the number of active switches, this paper proposes a seven-switch 5L-ANPC (7S-5L-ANPC) topology, which employs only seven active switches and two discrete diodes. The analysis has shown a lower current rating can be selected for the seventh switch under high power factor condition, which is verified by simulation results. The modulation strategy for 7S-5L-ANPC inverter is discussed. A 1 kVA single-phase experimental prototype is built to verify the validity and flexibility of the proposed topology and modulation method.
A Color HSV Image Edge Detection Method Based on Gradient Extreme Value

In order to be better for color image edge detection,this paper analyze the existing problems of gradient algorithm with HSV color image characteristics and the separation by color hue, saturation and brightness information and proposes a color image edge detection method based on gradient extreme value of the local region. The algorithm extracts the edge pixels directly in the local area boundary detection window, first calculate the distance of hue, saturation and brightness between two pixels and then take their sum as the final color distance. The experimental results indicate that this method could obtain more real edges with better continuity.
A 72dB-SNDR rail-to-rail successive approximation ADC

When the voltage of analog input signal equals to supply voltage, the general successive approximation ADC is difficult to convert it into digital signal correctly. So this paper introduces a new successive approximation ADC which can convert rail-to-rail input range and reduce sampling time through a track-and-hold circuit. Measurement results show that the peak SNDR of this ADC reaches 72dB and signal effective bandwidth up to 1.25MHz. It consumes 1mW in the test, corresponding to a figure of merit of 123fJ/conversion-step.
A research on a system framework of communication software

Considering the object oriented technique, the paper analyses a communication system from three aspects. A system framework for communication software is presented and some shortcomings of a graphic system framework are pointed out. A formal system framework of communication software is given. This framework makes up for the space in OMT research. It provides an efficient tool in communication software developments. Moreover, the analysis and implementation tools of communication systems are developed. This tool not only has realized the framework but also has provided a precise and rapid method to develop communication software.
A comparison study on ray-driven approximation in re-projection and back-projection for CT reconstruction

Ray-driven technique is very important for computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction. It has been reported that the weighting factor in ray-driven technique can be obtained by calculating the intersection length (distance-weighting) or area (area-weighting) of a projection line or strip with an image pixel. Recently, we presented a method which considers the intersection volume as weighting factor (volume-weighting) in fully three-dimensional (3D) imaging. In this work, we presented the performances of these three different weighting techniques by computer simulation studies. We first generated a 3D continuous Shepp-Logan phantom and computed the sinogram data analytically as the reference. Then the sinogram data with the three different weighting techniques were simulated. It can be observed that the profile obtained by the analytical solution is smooth while the three weighting methods show noticeable unevenness. The unevenness is inevitable due to the induced error by the digitalization process and finite image resolution. While the volume weighting achieved slightly better performance than the area weighting and both of them showed noticeable improvements compared to the distance weighting. We also compared their reconstruction performances using filtered backprojection (FBP) and Feldkamp (FDK) algorithms for 2D and 3D cases, respectively. The gain by the use of volume-weighting was measured, as compared to others, by the standard variation in selected regions of interest in the reconstructions. One drawback about the volume weighting is the need of intensive computation. It costs about ten times more computation as compared to the distance weighting and about three times more computation to the area weighting. Though this should not be a major concern for sinogram restoration and analytical reconstruction, it might limit the use when using iterative algorithms. Optimization of the volume weighting for fast computation and comparison of the ray-driven technique with other methods are under investigation.
Automatic detection of wheat flour precision based on image processing

In order to efficient, objective and comprehensive assessment of wheat flour processing accuracy, this paper introduces a new method to detect the wheat flour processing precision; it uses wheat flour three features of Whiteness, color, bran to design classifiers. The 240 different accuracy wheat sample images were analyzed and tested, experimental results show that CIE L*a*b*and OTSU algorithm can effectively extract of wheat color features and content of bran, classifier also achieves the expected effect.
Classification of Massive User Load Characteristics in Distribution Network Based on Agglomerative Hierarchical Algorithm

In order to improve primary energy utilization, achieve economical operation of distribution network, comprehensively consider the concentration / compensation needs of various groups under typical load levels, and to gain understanding of characteristics of different types of user loads, the present paper proposes a hierarchical cluster algorithm to enhance the cohesion of a distribution feeder load characteristic clustering algorithm circumstances. This will serve to ultimately provide effective guidance for electricity energy conservation as well as to better realize peak load shifting. By cutting distribution network load time sequence data in longitudinal manner, relevant feature were extracted to achieve user load characteristics classification based on hierarchical clustering algorithm. Such classification will therefore assist to optimize distribution network scheduling. It is therefore an effective way to enhance accuracy and effectiveness of relevant power distribution decision-making.
Current-ripple-based control strategy to achieve low-frequency ripple cancellation in single-stage high-power LED driver

This paper proposes a new current-ripple-based control strategy for the Series Ripple Cancellation Converter (Series RCC), which eliminates LED light flicker caused by Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage and significantly reduces its output capacitance. Instead of sensing two differential output voltage signals as in existing voltage-ripple-based control strategy, the proposed current-ripple-based control strategy achieves series ripple cancellation only by sensing the LED current information. The proposed control strategy significantly simplifies the control circuitry. In addition, the proposed control strategy allows input voltage of the Series RCC to tightly track its output voltage peak value with no extra control circuit, thus minimizing the RCC component voltage stress as well as the RCC loss. A 100W, 150V-0.67A experimental prototype has been built to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Business Process Integration Technique Based on BOM

All enterprise management business processes are reflected in BOM, and operated through BOM. How to effectively express product BOM structure,and to apply BOM management techniques to adapt products to the high demand of quality are pivotal to successful business operation. This paper studies data organization and management of BOM through various stages of business operations, proposes a unified BOM skeleton model, achieves automatic conversion of BOM to ensure consistency, and provides a unified BOM method and technique for enterprise production management business process integration.
An Analytical Potential Model of Double-Gate MOSFETs with Schottky Source/Drain

A two-dimensional (2D) analytical model of double-gate (DG) MOSFETs with Schottky source/drain(S/D) is developed based on solving Poisson equation. We calculated the 2D potential distribution in the channel. An expression for threshold voltage for short-channel DG MOSFETs with Schottky S/D is also presented by defining the turning on condition. The results of the model are verified by numerical simulator, DESSIS 8.0
Preliminary Development of a Real-Time Respirator Seal Integrity Monitor With Low-Cost Particle Sensor

In many industrial environments, properly fit and functioning respirators are required to reduce individual's exposure to particulate matter. Respirator fits are evaluated prior to use by the Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) fit testing protocol. However, this testing cannot ensure that the seal is maintained during actual use. The OSHA fit testing equipment and laboratory grade aerosol monitors are both too expensive and bulky to be deployed in workplace environments. In this effort, a low cost portable device, the respirator seal integrity monitor (ReSIM) was developed to monitor the aerosol particle concentrations inside a wearer's respirator mask, alerting the wearer when seal breaches allow aerosol particles to enter the mask. Multiple low-cost particle sensors were tested, with the Shinyei PPD60PV-T2 sensor being selected. The PPD60PV-T2 sensor can detect particles of 0.5 μm and above. These large particles cannot penetrate a properly fit respirator in quantity; thus, their detection points to a compromised seal. ReSIM utilizes an air pump to consistently draw in-mask air into the sensor without allowing external air to be pulled into the mask. ReSIM aggregates all particle detection events over 30-s intervals and determines the percentage of time during, which particles are detected, identifying spikes in particle detection corresponding to seal failures. The newly-developed ReSIM system was tested with polystyrene latex spheres, salt, and combustion aerosols under different flow conditions including cyclic breathing at 30 and 85 L/min. Results obtained while testing under cyclic breathing conditions showed 96.9% accuracy in identifying intervals with leaks versus intervals without leaks.
(k, n) Secret Sharing Scheme against Two Types of Cheaters

In a (k, n) secret sharing scheme, k or more qualified shareholders can reconstruct the secret, but less than k of them are unable to get any information about the secret. The secret sharing schemes with cheating detection were designed to solve a problem that some vicious participants (cheaters) release forged shares in secret reconstruction. We divide the cheaters into inside cheaters and outside cheaters based on their different identities. The inside cheaters are qualified shareholders who aim to cheat other honest shareholders, the outside cheaters are disqualified shareholders who do not receive shares from dealer, they try to filch information of valid shares in secret reconstruction. In conventional cheating detection schemes, both the two type of cheaters can be detected. However, it cannot stop the information of valid shares from being revealed to the outside cheaters. Once the outside cheaters gather enough shares, they can reconstruct the secret exclusively. In this paper, we propose a (k, n) secret sharing scheme based on Shamir's scheme. The secret reconstruction in our scheme consists of two phases. In Phase 1, the outside cheaters can be detected, and no information of shares is revealed in this phase, in Phase 2, all participants can work together to detect the cheating of inside cheaters. In addition, our scheme is not base on any computational assumptions, it is unconditionally secure.
Effective Feature Extraction for Play Detection in American Football Video

The fact that a typical broadcast can last over 3 hours for a game of 60 minutes makes video summarization of American football games most desirable. In this paper, we present several feature extraction methods for play detection in American football video. Wavelet based motion analysis is used to extract the trend component from the noisy motion vectors; a hybrid field-color model detects field area with both high accuracy and fast speed; and a prior knowledge driven line detection method uses the court information to estimate miss-detections. Based on the so-extracted features, a boosting chain is used for feature selection and decision making. Tested on large-size video data, the detection performance of our work is very promising.
An Efficient Approach to Estimate MRI RF Field Induced In Vivo Heating for Small Medical Implants

In this paper, a quick and efficient approach is proposed to estimate in vivo RF-induced heating from small medical implants under MRI procedure. An efficient methodology is developed to correlate the incident electric field to the induced temperature rise for stents of arbitrary shapes. A 10-cm-long titanium rod and a 6-cm-long intestine stent are used as examples to validate the approach under in vitro testing conditions. In vivo temperature rise estimations are then performed on an anatomically corrected adult male model. Numerical and experimental studies demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Adaptive backstepping control for integrated guidance and control design with input constraints

In this paper, the problem of integrated guidance and control design is presented with input constraints. Adaptive backstepping is developed for the integrated model in the form of cascade structure with uncertainties. An auxiliary system is adopted to handle the effect of input saturation. First-order filters are introduced to avoid the tedious analytic computations in the design procedure and command filter is exploited to implement the physical constraints on the actuators. All signals in the closed-loop system are proved uniformly ultimate bounded via Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Base Station Planning Optimization Algorithm Based on Public Attitude

The problem of base station (BS) planning for TD-LTE network is studied in this paper. This method takes various factors into consideration according to the public attitude. The public attitude plays an important role in the process of BS planning. We choose the area where the network performance is the worst to build BS, according to public attitude, Monte Carlo method and least cost path analysis. The experience results show that after building a few BS, the network performance of planning area is generally good. The method has good application value.
A New Method of Radar Imaging Bases on GRECO

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a way of radar imaging, but the recognition of this way is not very well. This paper presents a different way of radar imaging, which bases on GRECO. This paper compares the two ways, and the conclusion is that the new way is better than the ISAR imaging in shape of its recognition, and new way imaging could be an assistant imaging to the ISAR imaging.
An energy channelling LED driver technology to achieve flicker-free operation with true single stage power factor correction

A single-stage LED driver usually produces a significant twice line frequency ripple current when a high power factor is achieved. The ripple current further produces a flicker through LEDs. In this paper, an energy channeling single-stage LED driver is proposed to achieve flicker-free LED driving while maintaining high power factor correction. It also achieves true single stage power conversion and low component cost. A 8.5W, 50V/0.17A Buck-Boost experimental prototype has been built and tested to verify the proposed method.
Bowtie patch antenna with electric dipole on a HIS substrate

This paper describes a novel bowtie patch antenna with electric dipole on a HIS substrate with a height of 0.102λat the lowest operating frequency. The low profile of the antenna is obtained by using a high impedance surface (HIS). The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth, which is over 45% ranging from 2GHz to 3.2GHz. And the symmetric radiation pattern with low back radiation is achieved.
Direct Adaptive Robust Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Strict-Feedback Systems

Using backstepping method, a direct adaptive robust fuzzy control algorithm is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems in this paper. Fuzzy systems are utilized to approximate unknown parts of the desired control inputs. The key assumption is that the norms of the optimal approximation parameter vectors and the approximation errors are bounded, and the bounds are unknown. The proposed algorithm reduces online computation burden and improves the robust control performance of the system. It is proven that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of zero by choosing appropriately design parameter. A simulation example is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Adaptive fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown time-delays

In this paper, an adaptive control algorithm is developed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown time-delays based on the approximation property of the fuzzy systems. The systems considered in the paper are in non-affine pure-feedback structure. The existing research result is expanded. This algorithm guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly bounded and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin.
An Event-Driven Approach for E-Services System Design

With the rapid development of SOA and SaaS technologies, it's possible to construct a powerful e-services system rapidly with ready-to-use services. At the same time, it brings a big challenge to the architecting and design of e-services system compared with traditional software design. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for new generation e-services system design and evolution, which use event-driven method and consider of services mash-up from the beginning of services design. The common process for event identification and services design are described in details. We applied the proposed approach in the design of a multiple-language education services portal and which improve the scalability and maintainability of the services.