nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Influence of External Refractive Index on Long-Period Fiber Grating Coupler

The influence of external refractive index on long-period fiber grating coupler consisting of two parallel long-period fiber gratings is analyzed by coupled-mode theory considering three-layer geometry of the fiber. The self-scattering of guided mode and the shift of resonant wavelength caused by the core index modulation are taken into account for precise simulation. The variation of coupling coefficients, resonant wavelength, transmissivity and coupling efficiency are discussed respectively. Finally, the experiments are implemented with different external indexes which prove the validity of our model.
A Method of 3-D object Recognition Based on Digital Holography

In this paper a method of three-dimensional object recognition based on digital holography is presented. Firstly,the holograms of the target and reference objects are generated with the digital holography technique. Next, the reconstructed images of the holograms are inputted into the joint transform correlator and modified by the subtraction of the zero-order diffraction from the joint power spectrum, and then the 3-D object recognition can be achieved. After applying an improved Mexican-hat wavelet to extract the edge characteristics and enhance the image of the power spectrum, sharper correlation peak can be obtained. The experimental results show that this method can improve the 3-D object recognition ability and reliability effectively.
Developing applications for EBIF and tru2way™

The ongoing convergence of Computers, Telephony and Television, along with an increasing interest by Cable MSO's in interactive applications, has created opportunities for developers to create interactive rich applications on a new set of platforms. The MSO's are basing their foray into interactive applications on industry standard platforms and environments. This paper provides an overview of the two main platforms (EBIF and tru2way) and discusses the implementation of an interactive application that will execute on both platforms. Implementing the same app on each platform will allow us to compare and contrast the differences between and limitations of the two standards. It is hoped that application developers will be interested in exploring these new platforms.
A smart system for vacuum interrupts inner pressure on-line condition monitor based on Zigbee

Vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) have operated successfully in medium voltage distribution system to control and protect power lines and power equipments. Once a VCB is unable to interrupt or make current as designed, heavy losses would be brought about to both the power system and the consumers. Inner pressure of vacuum interrupts (VI) is one of the most important parameters for VCBs' safe and steady function. The purpose of this research is expressly put the emphases on vacuum interrupts inner pressure on-line condition monitor and its implement methods. A discriminative, applicable and reliable system to monitor the inner pressure status of VCBs in service is provided. Based on microcontroller MC9S08QE8 made by freescale and Zigbee an algorithm for internal pressure of vacuum interrupters on-line condition monitoring system is introduce, which adopt the universally accepted approach of the coupling capacitance method to detect the internal pressure of vacuum interrupters. The feasibility and validity are also presented in the research. And the installation and operation in substation and power plant in China for several years has shown the capability of EMC and stability of the system.
Kinematics calibration research based on the positioning error of the 6-DOF industrial robot

The forward kinematics model is deduced by combining the D-H method and MD-H method. The Jacobian matrix is deduced by total differential calculation. Thus, a kinematics calibration error model is established in this paper. The positioning accuracy of a SIASUN SR165C industrial robot is improved by using a 24-parameter calibration model. The error model takes into account all geometric parameters. The least square method is used to find the 24 error parameters. The simulation of the robot's positioning accuracy is performed with 100 points throughout the complete robot's joint space. After calibrating, the maximum positioning error on the end-effector is reduced from 0.541499 mm to 0.070459 mm, the average positioning error on the end-effector is reduced from 0.225000mm to 0.041075 mm, and the fluctuation of the error decreases.
Elite Particle Swarm Optimization with mutation

An improved algorithm for Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) named Elite Particle Swarm Optimization with Mutation (EPSOM) is proposed in this paper. Elite particles and bad particles are distinguished from the swarm after some initial iteration steps. Bad particles are replaced with the same number of elite particles, and a new swarm is generated. To avoid losing diversity of the swarm and to decrease the risk of trapping in local optimum, mutation operation is introduced in evolution process. The results of several simulations for different benchmark functions illustrate that EPSOM algorithm has the ability of local exploitation and global exploration. EPSOM algorithm outperforms the Linearly Decreasing Weight Particle Swarm Optimization (LDW-PSO) and Random Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization (RM-PSO) in respects of calculation accuracy and convergence.
$\lambda$-Domain Rate Control Algorithm for HEVC Scalable Extension

In this paper, we propose a λ-domain rate control algorithm for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) scalable extension. All the commonly used scalabilities including temporal, spatial, and quality scalability are taken into consideration. The proposed algorithm mainly has three key contributions. First, we propose an optimal initial target bits and initial encoding parameters determination algorithm for the first frame of each layer to achieve the best rate-distortion (R-D) performance. Second, an optimal bit allocation algorithm taking both the intra and inter layer dependence into consideration is proposed for the inter frames under spatial and quality scalability cases. Third, since the coding scheme of HEVC scalable extension with multiple layers is even more flexible than HEVC, an adaptive updating algorithm for R-λ model is proposed to control the bits per frame even more precisely. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed λ-domain rate control algorithm can bring both more precise bitrate accuracy and better R-D performance compared with the previous rate control algorithms for HEVC scalable extension.
Ontology-based automatic mapping technology for heterogeneous common information model

Common Information Model (CIM) provides a unified information model for distribution automation, which is the premise for interactive information of smart distribution network. However, with the rapid update and private extension of CIM, the information models of different systems may remain heterogeneous and make information exchange difficult. Traditional solution costs too much human efforts to accomplish differences analysis work. This paper based on ontology model proposed a mapping algorithm to automatically map heterogeneous CIM. With only very few manual review, it can provide mapping solution for heterogeneous model transformation efficiently, which benefits the integration of heterogeneous distribution information model. The accuracy of proposed algorithm has also been verified through test case.
Software Quality Control via Exit Criteria Methodology: An Industrial Experience Report

As a software organization grows and becomes more sophisticated by business growing and solution upgrading, it recognizes the need for Quality Assurance to support their development process and improve the quality of system. The software quality control, quality planning, and quality assessing is a basic concept of the software engineering and its practice. That means the software quality should be planned at the beginning, measured on whole process, and assessed at the end. In this paper we reports our experience on the practice and organizing of Exit Criteria Methodology which we used to control the software quality when we were working on the development of a big Web application named FCS system. This project was organized following the SCRUM process, and we use the Exit Criteria Plan for setting the quality requirement at the beginning of a sprint and use the Exit Criteria Report for assessing the quality and decide whether this version meets the quality requirement to release on the production.
Over 10 kV vertical GaN p-n junction diodes with high-K/low-K compound dielectric structure

In this letter, a vertical GaN p-n junction diode with high-K/low-K compound dielectric structure (GaN CD-VGD) is proposed. The high-K/low-K compound dielectric structure consists of a layer of high dielectric constant and multilayer dielectric layers which have a lower dielectric constant, and these compound dielectric layers formed along the current flow direction. Compared with a conventional p-n diode, the edge electric field will be suppressed due to the effects of high-K passivation. And a new electric field peak will be introduced in the p-n diodes, because of a discontinuity of electrical field at the interface of high-K and low-K layer. Therefore the distribution of electric field in p-n diodes will become more uniform and an enhancement of breakdown voltage can be achieved. A best trade-off breakdown voltage (BV) and on-resistance (Ron) have been obtained by optimizing device parameters including dielectric layer situation, length and width. Numerical simulation demonstrate that GaN CD-VGD with a BV of 10650V and a Ron of 5.83 mΩ-cm2, resulting in a figure-of-merit (VB2/Ron) of 19 GW/cm2.
Research on Construction Method of Critical and Important Engineering during Lu Mountain Bridge Construction

Cable stayed bridge is one of the chief types of modern long-span bridges. With increasing span length and structure complexity, the research of cable-stayed bridge's construction control technology is becoming more and more important. Critical and important engineering of Lu Mountain Bridge which is a pre-stress concrete continuous box beam bridge include: bored pile construction under unfavorable geology, mass concrete construction of main tower and pier, construction of beam and stay cable. Critical and important engineering of Lu Mountain Bridge was researched referring to the practice of construction of Lu Mountain Bridge.
FMGSP: An Efficient Method of Mining Global Sequential Patterns

Now some distributed sequential patterns mining algorithms generate too many candidate sequences, and increase communication overhead. Therefore, we propose an efficient algorithm-FMGSP (fast mining of global sequential patterns) of mining global sequential pattern on distributed system. Our method of mining sequential pattern in distributed environment differs from previous related works. Two main contributions are made in this paper. First local sequential patterns obtained on every site in distributed environment are compressed into a lexicographic sequence tree before all subtrees will be distributed into polling site, Second, an efficient pruning strategy called I/S-EP (item and sequence extension pruning) is proposed to reduce candidate sequences. Just this, the cost of communication in the network is reduced greatly when counting requests are sent (or received) to the corresponding databases. Both theories and experiments indicate that the performance of FMGSP is predominant for large databases, the global sequential patterns could be obtained effectively by the method after reducing the cost of communication.
A compact triple-band printed monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications

A simple printed triple-band monopole antenna for applications in WLAN and WiMAX band is proposed. The antenna is very compact with a size of 26 × 20 × 1mm3 and fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line with a modified ground plane. An experimental prototype has been fabricated and tested. The measured results show good triple-band operation with -10dB impedance bandwidths of the proposed antenna cover 2.38-2.53GHz, 3.37-4.04GHz, and 4.51-6.04GHz, respectively, which meet the required bandwidths specification of 2.4/5GHz WLAN and 3.5/5.5GHz WiMAX standard. In addition, good antenna performances such as radiation patterns and antenna gain over the operating bands have been obtained.
Forecasting Model on General Budget Revenue of Regional Finance Based on Dynamic Combination of BP Neural Network

The paper constructs a model which dynamically combines explanatory BP neural network and time series BP neural network to forecast the general budget revenue of regional finance. By using the explanatory BP neural network, the model meets the various factors on the impact of regional financial revenue and by using the time series BP neural network, the revenue’s time correlation is met. Then according to the characteristics of regional financial revenue, adjust the weighting factor. By MATLAB simulation, the forecasting results show smaller deviation than other methods in the references. Its forecasting result is relatively accurate. The model can help solve the forecasting problem of regional financial revenue more effectively.
Characterization of the IF Bandwidth of an All-NbN Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor Mixer

Large intermediate-frequency (IF) bandwidth is of particular interest for heterodyne mixers, especially for those at THz frequencies. NbN superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junctions, with a gap frequency twice that of Nb, can be applied to mixers beyond 1 THz. The IF bandwidth of NbN SIS mixers, however, is yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we investigate the IF bandwidth of a 0.5 THz all-NbN SIS mixer. First, its IF bandwidth is numerically simulated in terms of the mixer conversion efficiency and time constant. Second, the mixer noise performance is experimentally characterized in the IF band of 0.5 ~ 12 GHz. Detailed theoretical simulation and experimental results will be presented.
A novel model to determine the optimal number of servers in finite input source fuzzy queueing system

The finite input source queueing system has been widely used to solve many problems appearing on machine maintenance and repair systems, client-server computing, and production line operations, etc. In classical queueing models, arrival intensity is assumed to be a poisson distribution and the service times of all servers follow a independent and identically exponential distribution, in which the arrival intensity depend on the number of units in system. Obviously, with the increasing number of servers, the waiting time of units and the utilization rate of servers are decreased, while the expected degree of acceptability are enhanced. Based on three criteria of the utilization rate of servers, the expected degree of acceptability and system cost, this paper develop a decision-making index to determine the optimal number of servers in fuzzy finite input source queueing system, which copes with the mathematical relationships of these criteria. An example show the effectiveness and the sensitivity analysis is taken.
A swarm-intelligence based solution for evolutionary game

To address the problem of quick searching for evolutionary stable strategy in replicated dynamic mechanism, a solving algorithm based on parallel particle sub-swarm optimization (PSSO) is proposed. Firstly, evaluating function is introduced to integrate multiple objectives of all strategies. Secondly, multiplier method is used to derivate the fitness function. Finally, the optimal solution of strategy selection scheme is generated. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than standard particle swarm optimization in terms of optimal solution.
Model reference adaptive control for time varying hydraulic systems

This paper focus on adaptive control of an electric-hydraulic servo position control system, in which an optical-electric pulse coder is used as the position feedback sensor. The pressure feedback and MRAS controller are introduced to enhance the system damp ratio and proper frequency. Using Matlab as a tool, a theoretic analysis and digital simulation have been made to show that the pressure-feedback MRAS controller has high accuracy, good dynamic character and strong robust while the system parameters changed at different oil temperature.
Bounds on Secondary User Connectivity in Cognitive Radio Networks

We consider a large-scale cognitive radio network (CRN) in a Rayleigh fading environment. Errors of spectrum sensing by secondary users (SUs) are considered in the letter. Cumulative inter-network interference (between primary and secondary networks) is calculated and outage probability of primary users (PUs) is derived in the closed-form. The upper and lower bounds on the percolation area are obtained and analyzed, within which the secondary network percolates while the PU's outage probability is kept below a tolerable threshold. The bounds depend on SU's correct detection and false alarm probabilities, and PU's transmit power and protection radius. Further we find that the percolation area that percolates SUs and meanwhile provides protection for PUs does not always exist.
Frequency Compounding of the Ultrasound Images Using Wavelet Packets Decomposition

In a standard ultrasound imaging, the radio-frequency (RF) backscattered signals are decimated to get a medical image. The RF signal carries information about the scattering structure. Analysis of the RF signals may get useful clinical information for the tissue characterization. In this paper, the approach that is wavelet packets (WP) decomposition of I/Q ultrasound signals was proposed to gain the medical image. Using this method, all the signals are decomposed to generate a set of sub-band I/Q signals, so the ultrasound echo signals are simultaneously frequency decomposed and decimated by two quadrature filters. Besides, we apply the wavelet-packet (WP) de-noising method to de-noise I/Q signals for enhancing the feature of tissue. Finally the sub-band images can be compounded to reduce the speckle. Application of this method proved a significant improvement to CNR. In the experiment, because of the wavelet packets decomposition with frequency compounding, the speckle will be reduced largely but the detail resolution of the image can be lower than the image with the conventional imaging method. To estimate the loss of the detail resolution, we can use the 3db width to compute the detail resolution in the end and we found the loss of detail resolution with the WP method is within the acceptable range.
Elastic deformation error of the spherical gear output axis

The elastic deformation error of spherical gear output axis in the transmission process of spherical gears is studied in this paper. The analytic model of the elastic deformation error is established based on Castigliano second theorem and it was verified through finite element analysis. The results indicated that, the calculation error, between the analytical model and the finite element analysis, is less than 1%, so the analytic calculation model is effective; through decreasing the length of the output axis, increasing the outside circle radius, and increasing the inside circle radius, the elastic deformation error can be decreased. Based on the results above, the optimized design suggestions of spherical gear output axis are provided. The result above is important to design spherical gear output axis, and it is benefit for related researches.
Study on thermal circuit model of typical disconnector and current transformer

The internal overheating of power related equipment during dynamic rating is hard to avoid, which would accelerate the aging of insulation and even cause burn out accident. Therefore, thermal field analysis of the equipment is crucial for the safety operation of power system. Disconnector and current transformer are indispensable but easy to be ignored. The internal thermal defects of these devices are likely to become the bottleneck to restrict the development of dynamic rating. In this paper, we established the thermal circuit model of typical disconnector and current transformer, and use the model to calculate the hot spot temperature of these devices. The model takes account of meteorological parameters such as ambient temperature and wind velocity. Steady thermal field and dynamic thermal field are included in the model. The temperature rise test report of short circuit test is applied to modify the model in order to make it more applicable to engineering calculation. Though the calibration, we found that the model calculation results and the experimental data meet well as the deviation is within 10%, proving the accuracy of these proposed models. The thermal field analysis of disconnectors and current transformers will contribute to the safety operation of the entire power system.
Human Pose Estimation Using Global and Local Normalization

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the positions of human joints, i.e., articulated pose estimation. Recent state-of-the-art solutions model two key issues, joint detection and spatial configuration refinement, together using convolutional neural networks. Our work mainly focuses on spatial configuration refinement by reducing variations of human poses statistically, which is motivated by the observation that the scattered distribution of the relative locations of joints (e.g., the left wrist is distributed nearly uniformly in a circular area around the left shoulder) makes the learning of convolutional spatial models hard. We present a two-stage normalization scheme, human body normalization and limb normalization, to make the distribution of the relative joint locations compact, resulting in easier learning of convolutional spatial models and more accurate pose estimation. In addition, our empirical results show that incorporating multi-scale supervision and multi-scale fusion into the joint detection network is beneficial. Experiment results demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the benchmarks.
Chinese newspaper layout analysis with antecedent compartmental lines

There exist many compartmental lines in Chinese newspapers, which make layout analysis very inconvenient. This paper proposes an approach based on compartmental lines, which extracts compartmental lines first, then segments the whole page with these lines, finally analyzes the interior area further using rectangle extension model. This method makes efficient use of the coordinate of the compartmental lines and avoids setting so many parameters in the components merging procedure, so it is more flexible. This method can locate compartmental lines accurately. Experiment shows that it is a page layout analysis algorithm with more universality.
Supply Chain Coordination under Asymmetric Risk Aversion Information

Coordination issue is addressed in a supply chain with uncertain demand. The chain consists of one upstream supplier and one downstream retailer, both of whom are risk-averse, and the supplier isn't quite aware of the retailer's risk aversion structure. The supplier's optimal contracts under full information and asymmetric information are derived and compared to investigate the impact of risk aversion and information asymmetry on supply chain performance. Our results demonstrate that both risk aversion and information asymmetry induce inefficient overall performance, although the retailer could benefit from his private information, and the contracts under full information become invalid. Accordingly, channel coordination would be proposed to achieve the Pareto- optimal solutions of the system and news contracts are developed. Finally, a numerical example is utilized to validate the results.