nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Hexagonal Sr3Co2Fe24O41 Particles

Sr<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>24</sub>O<sub>41</sub> (SrZ) ferrites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The effects of atomic ratio of Fe/Sr (R<sub>Sr</sub>/Fe = x/8), hydrothermal reaction temperature (T<sub>H</sub>) and reaction time (tH), and the sintering temperature (T<sub>s</sub>) on the phase composition, microstructures, and magnetic properties of SrZ particles were investigated. In order to obtain a single Z-phase, x value in the initiative materials must be equal to 1.25. When x value is less than 1.25, α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Sr<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>12</sub>, and unknown phase appear in the precursor powders, ultimately leading to impurity phases in the sintered specimens. When x value is >1.5, synthesis of Z-phase is difficult, since superfluous α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase exists with M-phase and spinel phase in the precursor powders. Hexagonal SrZ sheets of ~2 μm wide and dozens of nanometers thick were obtained under optimized conditions. The magnetic measurements reveal that the easy magnetization axis of hexagonal Z-phase sheets at room temperature lies in the c plane.
Online estimation of trifocal tensors for augmenting live video

We propose a method to augment live video based on the tracking of natural features, and the online estimation of the trinocular geometry. Previous without-marker approaches require the computation of camera pose to render virtual objects. The strength of our proposed method is that it doesn 7 require tracking of camera pose, and exploits the usual advantages of marker-based approaches for a fast implementation. A 3-view AR system is used to demonstrate our approach. It consists of an uncalibrated camera that moves freely inside the scene of interest, and of three reference frames taken at the time of system initialization. As the camera is moving, image features taken from an initial triplet set are tracked throughout the video sequence. And the trifocal tensor associated with each frame is estimated online. With this tensor, the square pattern that was visible in the reference frames is transferred to the video. This invisible pattern is then used by the ARToolkit to embed virtual objects.
Design and implementation on fiber transmission with automatic photo-power control system

We design an automatic photo-power control system (APC) to control Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly (TOSA) optical-power to be stable at a wide range of temperature variation, prove long transmission distance for fiber transmission at high temperatures. The architecture of the APC circuit include current control and electrical-power control system has a microprocessor be core unit to send and receive data, with the Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly (ROSA) and readout circuit. Because of the output photo-power has more effects of fiber communication. We focus on APC to improve communication quality and long transmission distance.
Locating object efficiently in a distributed computing system using Ant Colony Optimisation

Digital ecosystem sreply on efficient computing and communication infrastructures. One way to improve computation efficiency is to utilise distributed computing systems. In an object-based distributed system, the use of location-independent naming scheme can improve the systempsilas transparency, scalability and reliability. Names however need to be resolved prior to pass messages between the objects. This paper reports the use of a distributed ant colony optimisation algorithms (ACO) to improve the efficiency of searching objects in a distributed computing system. The ACO algorithm is designed for an adaptive randomised structured search network termed ARMS. The approach provides name resolution by forwarding a query through neighbouring nodes. The performance of ARMS is compared to chord, a well-known structured network. Simulation studies have shown ARMS is superior to chord as ARMS requires a shorter path in query forwarding.
Research on a kind of hybrid systems and its application in coke oven automatic heating control

In this paper, a kind of hybrid systems and its control strategy is studied, and the structure of the switching hybrid systems and its design method are analyzed. In this paper, a coke oven is used as the control object, based on the analysis of the coke oven heating process and its states partition. The control strategy of the switching hybrid systems is used which can effectively resolve the process control problems of complex systems with delay, realize the coke oven automatic heating control, and a good control performance can be obtained.
Qualitative mapping, inner product transformation of qualitative criterion, artificial neuron and pattern recognition

The qualitative mapping (QM) model for judging a property p(o) whose true value varies according to the qualitative criterion [/spl alpha/,/spl beta/], /spl tau//sub p/(x, [/spl alpha/,/spl beta/]) is presented in this paper. The inner product transformation of qualitative criterion w/spl I.bar/[/spl alpha/,/spl beta/] and the relation between w/spl I.bar/[/spl alpha/,/spl beta/] and artificial neuron is discussed. By the the intercept form of artificial neuron, we prove that an AN is just a boundary of a qualitative mapping, and if a neighborhood is closed by a group of artificial neurons induced by a group inner product transformations, then the qualitative mapping whose criterion is the closed neighborhood is equivalent to the artificial networks which consists of the group of them.
Finding the Secret of Image Saliency in the Frequency Domain

There are two sides to every story of visual saliency modeling in the frequency domain. On the one hand, image saliency can be effectively estimated by applying simple operations to the frequency spectrum. On the other hand, it is still unclear which part of the frequency spectrum contributes the most to popping-out targets and suppressing distractors. Toward this end, this paper tentatively explores the secret of image saliency in the frequency domain. From the results obtained in several qualitative and quantitative experiments, we find that the secret of visual saliency may mainly hide in the phases of intermediate frequencies. To explain this finding, we reinterpret the concept of discrete Fourier transform from the perspective of template-based contrast computation and thus develop several principles for designing the saliency detector in the frequency domain. Following these principles, we propose a novel approach to design the saliency detector under the assistance of prior knowledge obtained through both unsupervised and supervised learning processes. Experimental results on a public image benchmark show that the learned saliency detector outperforms 18 state-of-the-art approaches in predicting human fixations.
Co-localization in Real-World Images

In this paper, we tackle the problem of co-localization in real-world images. Co-localization is the problem of simultaneously localizing (with bounding boxes) objects of the same class across a set of distinct images. Although similar problems such as co-segmentation and weakly supervised localization have been previously studied, we focus on being able to perform co-localization in real-world settings, which are typically characterized by large amounts of intra-class variation, inter-class diversity, and annotation noise. To address these issues, we present a joint image-box formulation for solving the co-localization problem, and show how it can be relaxed to a convex quadratic program which can be efficiently solved. We perform an extensive evaluation of our method compared to previous state-of-the-art approaches on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2007 and Object Discovery datasets. In addition, we also present a large-scale study of co-localization on ImageNet, involving ground-truth annotations for 3, 624 classes and approximately 1 million images.
Reliable and Efficient Alarm Message Routing in VANET

In this paper, a reliable and efficient alarm message broadcast routing is proposed for VANET. Unlike other similar routing algorithms, REAR is based on the real wireless channel in VANET. REAR uses less broadcast packets to propagate alarm message. According to the theory model of wireless channel, it estimates the receipt probability of alarm messages for nodes. The contention scheme based on the receipt probability is used to select the optimized relay. Two approaches for utilizing the receipt probability and three functions for calculating contention delay are discussed and analyzed. The simulation and theory analysis are confirmed that REAR has a higher reliability and uses less broadcast packets than the location-based algorithm.
A divide-by-4.5 injection-locked fractional frequency divider

In this paper, we report and demonstrate a divide-by -4.5 injection-locked fractional frequency divider using hybrid integrated circuits (PCB process). The presented frequency divider operates at a fundamental frequency of f0 = 2 GHz, and achieves an operation range of 187 MHz under a sweeping input frequency fin around 9 GHz. At a supply current of 5.8 mA, the DC power dissipation is 5.3 mW. The achieved phase noise at 100 kHz offset is -89 dBc/Hz under an injection power of Pin = -10 dBm.
Bit error rate estimation for galvanic-type intra-body communication using experimental eye-diagram and jitter characteristics

Bit error rate (BER), which indicates the reliability of communicate channel, is one of the most important values in all kinds of communication system, including intra-body communication (IBC). In order to know more about IBC channel, this paper presents a new method of BER estimation for galvanic-type IBC using experimental eye-diagram and jitter characteristics. To lay the foundation for our methodology, the fundamental relationships between eye-diagram, jitter and BER are first reviewed. Then experiments based on human lower arm IBC are carried out using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme and 500 KHz carries frequency. In our IBC experiments, the symbol rate is from 10 Ksps to 100 Ksps, with two transmitted power settings, 0 dBm and -5 dBm. Finally, the BER results were obtained after calculation by experimental data through the relationships among eye-diagram, jitter and BER. These results are then compared with theoretical values and they show good agreement, especially when SNR is between 6 dB to 11 dB. Additionally, these results demonstrate assuming the noise of galvanic-type IBC channel as Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) in previous study is applicable.
Salient Object Detection: A Benchmark

We extensively compare, qualitatively and quantitatively, 41 state-of-the-art models (29 salient object detection, 10 fixation prediction, 1 objectness, and 1 baseline) over seven challenging data sets for the purpose of benchmarking salient object detection and segmentation methods. From the results obtained so far, our evaluation shows a consistent rapid progress over the last few years in terms of both accuracy and running time. The top contenders in this benchmark significantly outperform the models identified as the best in the previous benchmark conducted three years ago. We find that the models designed specifically for salient object detection generally work better than models in closely related areas, which in turn provides a precise definition and suggests an appropriate treatment of this problem that distinguishes it from other problems. In particular, we analyze the influences of center bias and scene complexity in model performance, which, along with the hard cases for the state-of-the-art models, provide useful hints toward constructing more challenging large-scale data sets and better saliency models. Finally, we propose probable solutions for tackling several open problems, such as evaluation scores and data set bias, which also suggest future research directions in the rapidly growing field of salient object detection.
High efficiency wide range bidirectional DC/DC converter for OBCM application

This paper present a study of the isolated DC/DC stage of Bi-directional on-board battery charger module (OBCM) for electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) application. The modulated dual active bridge (DAB) converter and boost series resonant converter were thoroughly analyzed for this application. The ZVS boundary conditions, power stage optimization compatible to wide output range were provided including high to light loading. Using digital control schemes, a standard 3.5kW prototype DC/DC converter designed for a high-frequency galvanic isolation of 390Vdc bus was developed with 240V~430V output range. Simulation and experimental result verify the performance of the proposed boost series resonant converter is over 97% efficiency for the whole full power charging / discharging range, peak close to 98%, the design were based on automotive level components, and the designed volume was also comparable to existing unidirectional OBCM as real product application.
2D LiDAR and camera fusion in 3D modeling of indoor environment

Detailed 3D modeling of indoor scene has become an important topic in many research fields. It can provide extensive information about the environment and boost various location based services, such as interactive gaming and indoor navigation. This paper presents an indoor scene construction approach using 2D line-scan LiDAR and entry-level digital camera. Both devices are mounted rigidly on a robotic servo, which sweeps vertically to cover the third dimension. Fiducial target based extrinsic calibration is applied to acquire transformation matrices between LiDAR and camera. Based on the transformation matrix, we perform registration to fuse the color images from the camera with the 3D points cloud from the LiDAR. The whole system setup has much lower cost as compared to systems using 3D LiDAR and omnidirectional camera. Using pre-calculated transformation matrices instead of feature extraction techniques such as SIFT or SURF in registration gives better fusion result and lower computational complexity. The experiments carried out in office building environment show promising results of our approach.
Fast AVS Prediction Residual and Integer DCT Implementations for VLIW DSP

The Very-Long-Instruction-Word architecture is widely used for DSP. In AVS coding process, the prediction residual and integer DCT are frequently called and the methods of optimizing the loops are significant for reducing coding time. Based on the VLIW character, the paper analyzes the optimization methods to accelerate the speed of prediction residual and integer DCT. The AVS prediction residual and integer DCT modules are optimized and simulated on the platform of TMS320DM6446. The experiments show that the instruction cycles are reduced by about 71% and 60% for prediction residual and 8 x 8 integer DCT separately. ; prediction residual; integer DCT
A Study of Uncertainty in Software Cost and Its Impact on Optimal Software Release Time

For a software development project, management often faces the dilemma of when to stop testing the software and release it for operation, which requires careful decision making as it has great impact on both software reliability and project cost. In most existing research on the optimal software release problem, the cost considered was the Expected Cost (EC) of the project. However, what concerns management is the Actual Cost (AC) of the project rather than the EC. Treatment (such as minimization) of the EC may not ensure the desired low level of the AC due to the uncertainty (variability) involved in the AC. In this paper, we study the uncertainty in software cost and its impact on optimal software release time in detail. The uncertainty is quantified by the variance of the AC and several risk functions. A risk-control approach to the optimal software release problem is proposed. New formulations of the problem which are extensions of current formulations are developed and solution procedures are established. Several examples are presented. Results reveal that it seems crucial to take into account the uncertainty in software cost in the optimal software release problem; otherwise, unsafe decisions may be reached which could be a false dawn to management.
An Automatic Execution System for Web Functional Test Base on Modelling User's Behaviour

Web applications are widely used. Generally, they are built by the integration of many loosely coupled and reusable services using open standards. It has become more and more difficult to testing Web applications automatically. This paper presents a system for Web functional test which can absolutely simulate manual operations. We propose a new test cases structure in XML description (called as X-Case). This system improved the traditional way of record by analysis the pagespsila structure. It can also record the sequence of userpsilas operation and generate test case automatically. The system supports generating part of test data in an automatic way in the method of control type analysis and data pool. This system can simulate manual testing when executing X-Cases and using the test data generated, so it implemented a more automatically testing.
Real-time computerized annotation of pictures.

Developing effective methods for automated annotation of digital pictures continues to challenge computer scientists. The capability of annotating pictures by computers can lead to breakthroughs in a wide range of applications, including Web image search, online picture-sharing communities, and scientific experiments. In this work, the authors developed new optimization and estimation techniques to address two fundamental problems in machine learning. These new techniques serve as the basis for the Automatic Linguistic Indexing of Pictures - Real Time (ALIPR) system of fully automatic and high speed annotation for online pictures. In particular, the D2-clustering method, in the same spirit as k-means for vectors, is developed to group objects represented by bags of weighted vectors. Moreover, a generalized mixture modeling technique (kernel smoothing as a special case) for non-vector data is developed using the novel concept of Hypothetical Local Mapping (HLM). ALIPR has been tested by thousands of pictures from an Internet photo-sharing site, unrelated to the source of those pictures used in the training process. Its performance has also been studied at an online demo site where arbitrary users provide pictures of their choices and indicate the correctness of each annotation word. The experimental results show that a single computer processor can suggest annotation terms in real-time and with good accuracy.
Research of new technologies to anti-icing disaster and anti-earthquake in transmission and distribution engineering

In resent years, China has occurred ice disasters and earthquakes for many times. It directly threatened the security and stability of the power grid. The strategy to ant-ice disasters and anti-earthquake from the design point is discussed in this paper. This paper proposed the idea of using new technologies to improve the disaster preventing ability in transmission and transportation engineering under the basis of differentiated designs. It focused on new technologies about power system to resist ice disaster and the seismic disaster both abroad and at home.
A distributed and virtualized infrastructure for networked multimedia services

This paper designs an infrastructure to meet the resource requirements, and more importantly, the QoS (quality of service) requirements for networked multimedia services. Learning from the successful experiences of distributed systems, the infrastructure deploys clusters of devices at the edge to improve the probability for end users to get satisfying QoS, and a two-layer management architecture is adopted accordingly. Moreover, a resource supply method based on virtualization and resource attributes is proposed. In the method, virtualized resources are packed and classified according to their purposes and functions, and each classification defines a minimum granularity, named service unit, to supply resources. Finally, to isolate traffic influence and guarantee network performance, each service is running on its isolated virtual network environment. The paper also presents the prototype system, and evaluates the feasibility and availability of it through experiments.
40-Gb/s All-Optical Clock Recovery Based on an Mode-Locked Semiconductor Fiber Laser Using Nonlinear Polarization Rotation

We demonstrate all-optical clock recovery (AOCR) of 40-Gb/s return-to-zero on-off keying signals using nonlinear polarization rotation in a mode-locked semiconductor fiber laser (ML-SFL). First, we characterize the ML-SFL, which serves as the basis for AOCR. Next, we analyze the recovered clock properties (in particular, the root-mean-square timing jitter and power fluctuations) as a function of the input-signal characteristics. The results show that the approach can recover a good quality clock over a large range of input signal characteristics.
A Configurable $\mu $ VPP With Managed Energy Services: A Malmo Western Harbour Case

This paper describes an exemplar precommercial micro virtual power plant (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>VPP) that has been successfully commissioned and operating since July 2014 in Malmo, Sweden. The embedded home energy management system concurrently manages downstream assets within a typical residential community of multiple apartments and delivers different energy services that benefit both end-users and system operators. A fuzzy logic-based generic algorithm is developed to accommodate different types of services with the appreciation of system constraints. Each managed energy service is demonstrated in terms of its function, the level of utilization for asset capacity, and the economic benefit to participants. It addresses the viability of mass-market promotion for this <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>VPP by establishing a detailed business model for all participants in the energy portfolio.
Channel Width Utilization Improvement in Testing NoC-Based Systems for Test Time Reduction

Testing NoC-based systems mainly relies on reusing the Network-on-Chip architecture as the test access mechanism (TAM). This, however, implies that the core's test wrapper is supplied with full NoC channel width even if there is a mismatch between the two. How to effectively and efficiently make better utilization of the NoC channels for test data transferring is therefore an interesting and challenging problem. In this paper, we propose to combine a new wrapper design with interleaved test scheduling. Compared to , the proposed method can achieve better NoC channel utilization for test without manipulating test frequencies, which not only reduces test power, but also saves design effort for the test engineers. Consequently, the testing time of the NoC-based system is considerably reduced with the proposed technique (especially under stringent power constraints), as shown in the experimental results on circuits crafted from ITC02 benchmarks.
Distributed collaborative parameter estimation based on bias compensation

This paper presents the study of the problem of distributed parameter estimation by bias compensated recursive least squares (BCRLS) algorithm over adaptive networks. The nodes in the distributed network have a common objective to estimate parameter vector in a collaborative strategy. Traditional recursive least squares (RLS) estimator is biased in case that both the regressor and the output response are corrupted by stationary additive noise. A real-time estimation algorithm of noise variance is proposed, which nodes get the estimation of objective parameter bias. Based on collaborative strategy, we propose a diffusion bias compensated recursive least-squares algorithm. Simulation results show that the BCRLS algorithm has better estimation accuracy than traditional RLS algorithm, and compared with the local estimators, the diffusion BCRLS algorithm has lower mean square error (MSE).