nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Modified Single-Phase Quasi-Z-Source AC–AC Converter

A modified single-phase quasi-Z-source ac-ac converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter has the main features in that the output voltage can be bucked or boosted and be both in-phase and out-of-phase with the input voltage. The input voltage and output voltage share the same ground, the size of a converter is reduced, and it operates in a continuous current mode. A safe-commutation strategy for the modified single-phase quasi-Z-source ac-ac converter is used instead of a snubber circuit. The operating principles and a steady-state analysis are presented. A laboratory prototype, tested using a resistive load, a passive load, and a nonlinear load, was constructed that used an input voltage of 70 Vrms /60 Hz in order to verify the performance of the modified single-phase quasi-Z-source ac-ac converter. The experimental results verified that the converter has a lower input current total harmonic distortion, a higher input power factor, and a higher efficiency in comparison to a conventional single-phase Z-source ac-ac converter. In addition, the experimental results show that the use of the safe-commutation strategy is a significant improvement, as it makes it possible to avoid voltage spikes on the switches.
A new learning method for obstetric gestures using the BirthSIM simulator

Today, medical simulators are increasingly gaining attraction in clinical settings. These tools allow physicians to visualize the positions of organs, plan surgical interventions, and carry out more comprehensive post operative monitoring. A childbirth simulator provides a risk-free training and research tool for comparing various techniques that use obstetrical instruments or validating new methods. This paper presents a new teaching method to place forceps blades for obstetricians using an instrumented childbirth simulator. The proposed method is based on a physical simulator coupled with a computer graphics interface. Another aspect of this paper is to provide understanding marks to quantify the progression during a training. A first one allows to study the path in space and to quantify their repeatability, a second one allows to compute the error to a reference gesture defined by an expert. Both marks are complementary. Two novices were trained and they manage to have a more repeatable gesture and above all to become closer to a reference gesture, i.e. to reduce the injury linked to the use of forceps during instrumental deliveries.
Application of design of experiments to feature selection in ventilation tube applicator

Design of experiments (DOE) is a systematic, rigorous approach to engineering problem-solving that applies principles and techniques at the data collection stage so as to ensure the generation of valid, defensible and supportable engineering conclusions. It has been used in manufacturing environment for decades to investigate factors affecting a process response under the constraint of a minimal expenditure of engineering runs, time and money. The main purpose is first qualifying the important factors among a number of variables in the process and secondly achieving a desired outcome of the response by choosing the correct settings for those factors. In this technical report, we apply factorial design in DOE to select key features to be implemented in an office-based ventilation tube applicator (VTA). These features will directly affect the success rate of the automated tube insertion to cure patients having otitis media with effusion. The results of experiment are analysed using classification tree analysis. The analysis yields the optimal combination of factors to produce optimised output which is qualified for the prototyping phase.
Demonstration and characterization of greater than 60 Gb/in/sup 2/ recording systems

We have successfully demonstrated longitudinal recording at areal densities greater than 60 Gb/in/sup 2/ at data rates as high as 160 Mbps (20 MB/s) and at a Bit-Aspect-Ratio (BAR) of 5.7, using merged inductive-write/spin-valve-read heads with microactuators on low noise thin film disks. The heads were fabricated with standard photolithography and wafer pole trimming used in currently available commercial products. At track densities of 60 KTPI and higher, traditional servoing mechanisms are not adequate. With the use of a microactuator, we can further improve the track density by 15%, the linear density by 10% and the areal density by more than 20%. Thus, using a microactuator with the 50 Gb/in/sup 2/ head/media combination, we have increased our areal density achievement up to 63.2 Gb/in/sup 2/.
Automatic Mining of Human Activity Attributes from Weblogs

In this paper, we define an activity by five basic attributes: actor, action, object, time and location. The goal of this paper is to describe a method to automatically extract all attributes in each sentence retrieved from Japanese weblogs. Previous work had some limitations, such as high setup cost, inability of extracting all attributes, limitation on the types of sentences that can be handled, and insufficient consideration of interdependency among attributes. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes a novel approach that uses conditional random fields and self-supervised learning. This approach treats the activity extraction as a sequence labeling problem, and has advantages such as domain-independence, scalability, and does not require any hand-tagged data. Since it is unnecessary to fix the positions and the number of the attributes in activity sentences, this approach can extract all attributes by making only a single pass over its corpus. Additionally, by converting to simpler sentences, the proposed approach can deal with complex sentences retrieved from Japanese weblogs. In an experiment, this approach achieves high precision (activity: 88.87%, attributes: over 90%).
An Evaluation of Job Scheduling Based on Distributed Energy Generation in Decentralized Data Centers

Compared to a centralized data center, decentralized data centers have an advantage of disaster recovery, but costs more expensive. In order to relax the increase of the cost, it is important to utilize the distributed energy resource in the decentralized data centers. Because power is necessary for processing jobs in data centers, it is necessary to make a job schedule that is adjusted to the distributed energy. In this paper, we apply the existing job scheduling algorithms that have been used for single data center to decentralized data centers. For the purpose of clarifying the research issue, we evaluate the deadline violations of jobs and distributed energy use when applying the scheduling algorithms.
Background Limited Performance of Long Wavelength Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Fabricated From M-Structure InAs–GaSb Superlattices

The recent introduction of a M-structure design improved both the dark current and R0 A performances of type-II InAs-GaSb photodiodes. A focal plane array fabricated with this design was characterized at 81 K. The dark current of individual pixels was measured between 1.1 and 1.6 nA, 7 times lower than previous superlattice FPAs. This led to a higher dynamic range and longer integration times. The quantum efficiency of detectors without antireflective coating was 74%. The noise equivalent temperature difference reached 23 mK, limited only by the performance of the testing system and the read out integrated circuit. Background limited performances were demonstrated at 81 K for a 300 K background.
An Efficient Cache Replacement Strategy in Mobile Cooperative Caching

Cooperative caching strategies have been proposed to improve access latency, reduce battery power consumption and bandwidth usage in mobile environment. However the biggest disadvantage of these mechanisms is how to manage mobile client's cache effectively due to its limited storage space. In this paper we will present an efficient cache replacement strategy in mobile cooperative caching when mobile client's cache has not enough space to store new data items. We evaluate and demonstrate experimental results on datasets by using NS2 simulator. We also prove the effectiveness by comparing it with other existing approaches. The experimental results present our proposed strategy is more effective than other approaches.
Combined generalized space shift keying and amplitude/phase modulation for high-rate data transmission

This paper proposes a novel combined spatial and amplitude-phase modulation (APM) scheme based on the generalize space shift keying (GSSK) system. The so-called GSSK/APM scheme performs two independent modulations using the GSSK and APM constellations. The modulated symbols from the two modulators are multiplied to generate the transmit symbols. With the two different constellations the proposed scheme allows easy control of the spectral efficiency compared to the related multiple antenna systems. In order to detect the transmit symbols, three detectors based on maximum likelihood, linear detection, and correlation are proposed. Theoretical upper bound of the bit error probability (BEP) is also derived and used to validate the simulation results.
Cross layer design to enhance TCP performance in multi-hop ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer scheme Cooperation between channel Access control and TCP Rate Adaptation (CATRA) aiming to manage TCP flow contention in multi-hop ad hoc network. In CATRA scheme, we collect useful information from MAC and physical layers to estimate channel utilization of the station. Based on this information, we determine the optimal Contention Window (CW) size to control station contention. This method can achieve fair channel access of each station and efficient spatial channel usage. Moreover, the fair value of bandwidth allocation for each flow will be calculated and sent to Transport layer. Then, we determine the optimal sending rate to solve TCP flow contention. By transmitting packets from Transport layer according to this optimal sending rate, the throughput of each flow becomes fairer. The performance of CATRA scheme is examined on various multi-hop network topologies by using Network Simulator (NS-2).
A 17 dB gain, 0.1-70 GHz InP HEMT amplifier IC

Over the last five years, the 0.1 /spl mu/m gate length indium phosphide high electron mobility transistor (InP HEMT) has been taken from first demonstration to a high-yield, manufacturable monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) process. Discrete InP HEMT devices have shown transconductances (g/sub m/) as high as 1740 mS/mm and cutoff frequencies (f/sub T/) up to 340 GHz and thus are extremely attractive devices for high gain amplifiers in the 30-100 GHz range. For very broadband instrumentation applications, this process is used to realize a fully-integrated, three-stage, shunt-feedback amplifier with 17 dB gain from 100 MHz to 70 GHz, a gain-bandwidth product the authors believe to be the highest reported for any amplifier. In comparison to distributed amplifiers typically used for such broadband applications, this amplifier has higher gain, better low-frequency response, uses less dc power, and yet has good output power capability. Potentially low-cost MMICs of this type could open the millimeter-wave frequencies to commercial applications.<<ETX>>
A new and effective controller for Inductor Motor drives using Direct-Decoupling Methodology based on exact linearization algorithm and adaptive back stepping technology

Control of Inductor Motors is a difficult task because of the motors' non-linear nature. Hence, the Inductor Motors are usually expressed by complicated non-linear models. This paper presents a new and effective method for modeling stator current and estimating rotor flux of an induction motor by applying Direct-Decoupling Methodology. A nonlinear control approach with full state feedback linearization has been used to construct the decoupling form of the induction motors. A new current controller named “direct-decoupling”, based on exact linearization algorithm of the motor current model has been proposed. The obtained linear system in a new state-space is very convenient to design the current controller and the rotor flux estimator for induction motors. A linear Kalman filter has also been derived to construct an observer for rotor flux. Effectiveness of the new adaptive backstepping controller for induction motors and Kalman filter for observation of rotor flux has been verified by simulations and experiments in wide ranges of motor speed. Simulations and experiment results show clearly that the rotor flux can be well estimated in all operating conditions and performance of induction motors under all dynamic modes can be improved by using the new developed controller.
A New Kernel-Based Approach for NonlinearSystem Identification

We present a novel nonparametric approach for identification of nonlinear systems. Exploiting the framework of Gaussian regression, the unknown nonlinear system is seen as a realization from a Gaussian random field. Its covariance encodes the idea of “fading” memory in the predictor and consists of a mixture of Gaussian kernels parametrized by few hyperparameters describing the interactions among past inputs and outputs. The kernel structure and the unknown hyperparameters are estimated maximizing their marginal likelihood so that the user is not required to define any part of the algorithmic architecture, e.g., the regressors and the model order. Once the kernel is estimated, the nonlinear model is obtained solving a Tikhonov-type variational problem. The Hilbert space the estimator belongs to is characterized. Benchmarks problems taken from the literature show the effectiveness of the new approach, also comparing its performance with a recently proposed algorithm based on direct weight optimization and with parametric approaches with model order estimated by AIC or BIC.
Comparison of 830 nm and 1550 nm based free space optical communications link under controlled fog conditions

In this paper, we compare the fog attenuation of free space optical (FSO) communication systems operating at infrared wavelengths of 830 and 1550 nm in the controlled laboratory based fog environment. The fog is generated and controlled homogeneously along the atmospheric chamber of length 5.5 m. The visibility (V) is measured to characterize the fog within the chamber using Koschmieder relationship at 550 nm. We show that the 1550 nm wavelength has considerably lower optical loss than 830 nm in dense to moderate fog conditions with the average loss difference of 100 dB for dense fog (V<; 70 m), 23 dB for thick fog (V = 250 m) and 8 dB for moderate fog (V= 500 m) for a link range of 1 km.
A multi-criteria-based DDoS-attack prevention solution using software defined networking

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has become a promising network architecture in which network devices are controlled by a SDN Controller. Employing SDN offers an attractive solution for network security. However the attack prediction and Prevention, especially for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a challenge in SDN environments. This paper, analyzes the characteristics of traffic flows up-streaming to a Vietnamese ISP server, during both states of normal and DDoS attack traffic. Based on the traffic analysis, an SDN-based Attack Prevention Architecture is proposed that is able to capture and analyze incoming flows on-the-fly. A multi-criteria based Prevention mechanism is then designed using both hard-decision thresholds and Fuzzy Inference System to detect DDoS attack. In response to determining the presence of attacks, the designed system is capable of dropping attacks flows, demanding from the control plane.
Analysis of high-power IGBT short circuit failures

The next linear collider (NLC) accelerator proposal at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC, Menlo Park, CA), requires a highly efficient and reliable, low cost, pulsed-power modulator to drive the klystrons. A solid-state induction modulator has been developed at SLAC to power the klystrons; this modulator uses commercial high voltage and high current insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules. Testing of these IGBT modules under pulsed conditions was very successful; however, the IGBTs failed when tests were performed into a low inductance short circuit. The internal electrical connections of a commercial IGBT module have been analyzed to extract self- and mutual partial inductances for the main current paths as well as for the gate structure. The IGBT module, together with the partial inductances, has been modeled using PSpice. Predictions for electrical paths that carry the highest current correlate with the sites of failed die under short circuit tests. A similar analysis has been carried out for a SLAC proposal for an IGBT module layout. This paper discusses the mathematical model of the IGBT module geometry and presents simulation results.
A reconfiguration solution for CMOS frequency synthesizers in cognitive radios

This article proposes a reconfiguration solution for CMOS frequency synthesizer with a hybrid architecture which is a combination of a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) and a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The DDS is implemented in FPGA platform functioning a reference frequency to the PLL. The PLL is designed using CMOS technology, being reconfigurable to accelerate tuning speed. Instead of employing a hardware-based lock detector, a software algorithm is used to determine the switching time and to optimize the frequency tuning speed, consuming energy or limited pick power. This PLL is used in cognitive radio for spectrum sensing function.
Application of wavelet and neural network to long-term load forecasting

Long term load forecasting presents the first step in planning and developing future generation, transmission and distribution facilities. Artificial intelligent applications have been introduced for load forecasting. The forecasting procedure considered the correlation variables that have an influence over the demand for electricity, for example: gross state product (GSP), consumers price index (CPI) and electricity tariff (ET). These variables are chosen to enter the model as the inputs of network. The output is consumed energy. This paper proposed to apply the universal approximation properties of neural and wavelet networks to determine the function that denote relationship between input variables and output energy. The basic back-propagation algorithm is used as a supervisory learning. Three network models are proposed in this paper: functional link net, multi-layer perceptron neural network and wavelet network.
Achieving energy-efficiency in two-tiers wireless backhaul HetNets

We consider a model of two-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets), with wireless backhaul communication (WBC), consisting of a macrocell and a small cell tiers. A joint design of transmit beamforming, power allocation and bandwidth partitioning for both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions is considered in this work. By proposing a strategy to partition the bandwidth for two consecutive time slots by two separate partitioning factors, we formulate a constrained optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the total energy efficiency of the small cells considering both UL and DL. For this non-convex problem, we leverage the sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA) method to develop an efficient iterative algorithm to find the local optimal solution. Numerical simulations corroborate the convergence of our proposed algorithm and their performance gains compared to the previous work.
An approach for mining non-redundant sequential rules efficiently

Mining sequential rules helps discover useful sequences in sequence databases quickly and efficiently. Most of the proposed algorithms, however, focus on generating all possible sequential rules. That will produce a lot of redundant rules, affecting efficient mining. In order to solve this problem, mining non-redundant sequential rules has thus been presented lately. However, the algorithms proposed for it depend on obtained patterns of the existing frequent pattern mining algorithms. That is several steps need to be done to organize the data structure of these patterns before being used for generating rules efficiently. This phase also takes a lot of time and memory usage. In this paper, we propose a technique to mine non-redundant rules from a sequence database directly. The proposed algorithm uses a compressed data structure and adopts a prefix tree in the mining process. Moreover, the proposed algorithm uses some pruning techniques to remove unpromising candidates early that show the efficiency of the algorithm in term of runtime and memory usage.
Data detection for Smartphone visible light communications

In this paper we present the experimental work on object detection in the Smartphone visible light communications (SVLC) system. In SVLC, the Smartphone emits encoded images using its panel light under different conditions (link range and angles) and the transmitted data is captured by a receiving phone. The captured image is processed using the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) technique, which enables the frame detection and subsequently bit stream recovery. The success rate of the bit stream transmission is measured for the above test conditions. The obtained results show that 93% of successful data recovery is achieved under the normal user's working environment. In addition tests carried out also show the possibility of fast data rate communications.
A study on the sensor network authentication by utilizing a Brownian motion behavior

Wireless sensor networks have emerged as the major criteria that enable the Internet of things evolution. They have wide application range from special domain to civilian and scientific domain thus it is attracted a lot of research. Since security is of the crucial importance of wireless sensor networks, there are existed several authentication techniques for digital right management, and watermarking is a promising approach for ensuring a part of communication security in these networks due to its popular use and lightweight. Watermarking values can be constructed from authentication information to validate sensory data and detect where the data has been altered. In this paper, we propose a novel method to create watermarked data by utilizing natural movement characteristic of Brownian motion node which plays a role as the agent node. Moreover, watermark detection probability of traditional watermarking techniques is evaluated by numerical results to show the proposal efficiency.
Channel characteristics analysis of diffuse indoor cellular optical wireless communication systems

In this paper, two models for diffuse indoor cellular optical wireless communication (OWC) systems with and without a holographic light shaping diffuser (LSD) are presented. For both models, the power distribution, the impulse response of the channels and root mean square (RMS) delay are described and analyzed. We perform a computer simulation to compare the channel characteristics of the typical indoor cellular OWC systems with that employing the holographic LSD. The results show that the system with the holographic LSD provides a more uniform power distribution and a less RMS delay spread for the same divergence angles.