nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of high frequency structure for Extended Interaction Oscillator

For the researches of Extended Interaction Oscillator (EIO) with frequency exceed 300GHz, the parameters of high frequency structure are optimum with a help of CST studio. The parameters including width of waveguide, the length of waveguide, the height of waveguide, the number of periodic structure, the radius of electron beam tunnel and the thickness of metal between nearby waveguide are studied. The results show that the out signal with a band 10GHz are obtained at the optimum parameters.
Study on Data Management of Fundamental Model in Control Center for Smart Grid Operation

The control center in smart grids requires the collaboration among different specialized groups to ensure the safety, reliability, greenness and efficiency of power system. However, each specialized group is interested in different aspects of the network model. In order to improve the teamwork and timeliness, the fundamental models should be managed in a unified way. This paper summarizes the requirements for data management of fundamental models, presents a concept of three-mode models, and designs the architecture of generic model access services. With the generic model access services, the differences of real-world model databases will be shielded, and the future virtual model can be managed as versions. The upper applications can obtain the fundamental model information through the data broker component and business model data through the business data organizing component.
A New Approach to Scalable ROIA in Cloud

Real-time online interactive application (ROIA) is an emerging distributed application in recent years. Scalability is a hot and key issue in ROIA. We are motivated by the facts that the number of concurrent users around the world is widely and periodically fluctuant and requirements for network latency in various ROIA are different. So we propose the Multi-ROIA Cloud Platform (MRCP), a new approach to achieve high scalability in ROIA under Cloud environment. In this paper, we firstly make a classification of the traditional approach to scalability in ROIA and compare their merits and disadvantages. And then we propose MRCP, explain the motivation and describe the architecture and balance strategy of MRCP.
Orthonormal finite ridgelet packet based block-partitioning image coding algorithm with rate-distortion optimization

In this paper, we propose a orthonormal finite ridgelet packet transform. An image coding algorithm based on a rate distortion optimized orthonormal finite ridgelet packet transform (OFRPT) decomposition and on a block-partitioning coding scheme which quantizes each subband separately is proposed. In this way, our algorithm naturally overcomes the difficulty in defining parent-child relationships for wavelet-based ridgelet packets subbands, which exists in the zerotree based methods. The main merit of the proposed method is that the ridgelet transform can provide optimally sparse representation of objects with singularities along straight edges and the orthonormal finite ridgelet packet (OFRPT) can decompose the high frequency parts of the images which are not decomposed in discrete wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms SPIHT and JPEG2000 schemes in novel image with straight lines significantly or curve lines significantly coding, in terms of both PSNR and visual quality.
A Particle Swarm Algorithm Based on Stochastic Evolutionary Dynamics

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary algorithm used extensively. This paper presented a new particle swarm optimizer based on stochastic evolutionary dynamics (SED-PSO). The stochastic evolutionary dynamics is used to speed up the researching process of the particles because stochastic factor plays a very important role in the researching process of optimal algorithm. Each particle in the swarm is also associated with a process of reproduction. We use a stochastic process with frequency dependent fitness to deal with the reproduction process. Experiments results show that SED-PSO algorithm has great performance of convergence property over traditional PSO in terms of iteration with only a slight precision dropdown.
Flocking in target pursuit for multi-agent systems with partial informed agents

In this study, the authors investigate the problem of flocking motion combined with topology optimisation for mobile multi-agent systems. In most of the recent literatures, all agents are assumed to be informed of target's information for all time to maintain connectivity. Actually, it is not essential to make all agents be informed. In this study, the authors present a distributed topology optimisation scheme to reduce the communication complexity of keeping connectivity while the multi-agent system pursuits a virtual target. This optimisation scheme is performed in the discrete space of graphs and relies on two key ideas. First, it generates optimally rigid graphs for each agent with its neighbouring flockmates. Second, partial agents are selected as the informed units to maintain the connectivity of the multi-agent system. Based on this scheme, the authors propose a distributed motion controller to make the mobile agents result in flocking behaviour. Applying the proposed algorithms, it is shown that the communication energy dissipation of the networked system is decreased. Stability analysis is further achieved by using differential conclusions and non-smooth analysis in switching topology. Numerical simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Dual frequency planar circularly polarized antenna at S and L bands

Currently, there are many personal mobile satellite (MSS) systems in various stages of concept, design, and operation. One of them is the low earth orbit system (LEO), which requires two frequency operation at S and L band. At present, a planar dual-band antenna at S and L bands has been developed by using a circular patch and a short circuited ring in a stacked configuration. However, a single layer antenna would have the desirable feature of easy fabrication and low cost. In 1995, Salvador et al. developed a dual-band circularly polarized antenna based on the cross patch antenna by adding half-wavelength square patches in the four empty spaces among the arms of the cross. The dual-band antenna has compact structure and operates at two frequencies with a ratio in the range 2.9-3.2. However, in some cases such as handset antenna for mobile LEO satellite system terminals, a dual-band circularly polarized antenna with a frequency ratio of -1.5 is required. In this paper, a single layer dual-band antenna at S and L band has been developed by use a cross patch with four quarter wavelength patches printed in the empty spaces among the arms of the cross. The dual-band antenna, which we have designed, has less mutual coupling between the two bands than Salvador's antenna due to the using of quarter wavelength patches. Parameters of the antenna, including input return loss, mutual coupling, bandwidth are presented and discussed.
Gaussian mixture reduction based on KI divergence

A common problem in Gaussian mixture filtering is to approximate a Gaussian mixture by one containing fewer components. Similar problems can arise in integrated navigation and multi-target tracking. The paper proposes a new algorithm based on pairwise merging of gaussian mixture components, but in which the choice of components for merging is based on KI divergence of the post-merge density with respect to the pre-merge density. The behavior of the several algorithms in the literatures is compared using an indicative example. And a measure is defined to evaluate the difference between the reduced mixture and the original mixture. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other four algorithms.
Semi-dynamic User-Specific Clustering for Downlink Cloud Radio Access Network

This paper studies user-specific clustering for a downlink cloud radio access network (C-RAN), where a central unit (CU), connected to all base stations (BSs) via limited-capacity backhaul links, coordinates the BSs to form cooperative clusters for every user. By taking into account the training overhead for channel estimation in C-RAN, we design the clustering scheme aimed at maximizing the average net throughput of the network subject to the constraint on backhaul capacity, where a hybrid coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission mode is considered. The proposed clustering scheme can be operated in a semi-dynamic manner merely based on large-scale channel information, has low computational complexity, and performs close to the optimal scheme found by exhaustive searching. Under two special cases where the backhaul capacity is very stringent and unlimited, the proposed scheme is then tailored for pure coordinated beamforming (CB) mode and pure joint transmission (JT) mode to further reduce the clustering complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed semi-dynamic clustering schemes are superior to the dynamic clustering scheme due to the reduction of required training overhead.
Research on structural stress test of Guidan Highway super large bridge

Guidan Highway super large bridge of Guangzhu railway engineering is a three-span(60+100+60m) continuous box girder bridge, which was constructed by using hanging basket cantilever method. On the basis of the analytic theory of 3D finite element forward/reverse, the stress monitoring of the whole bridge was done through the comparative analysis of the control section measured stress value with the theoretical value. The result of monitoring shows that the measured stress value and changing trends was close to the theoretical analysis results and the bridge can be closed smoothly and the stress variation was in smooth controllable safety range.
Improved Parameter Extraction Procedure for PSP-Based MOS Varactor Model

We present an improved procedure for extracting parasitic capacitance parameters and gate current parameters for MOSVAR, the industry standard MOS varactormodel. Our technique is verified against measured data from three technology nodes (180 nm, 130 nm and 65 nm), and is also used to validate the MOSVAR P-gate/P-well tunneling current sub-model.
An anti-interference method for radio signals based on matching pursuit algorithm

Since the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile communications-Railways) antenna located on the train roof is very close to the catenary, it often receives electromagnetic transient disturbance due to sliding contact between the pantograph and the catenary. In order to suppress this transient noise and improve the reliability of communication, a transient noise suppressing method for radio signals based on matching pursuit algorithm is proposed. Firstly, An over-complete atomic library that matches only the transient noise in the mixed radio signal is constructed to implement the sparse decomposition of the transient noise. Then, the optimal matching atomic search of the transient noise is proceeded in the atomic library. In this paper, the GMSK modulation signal in GSM-R system is used as the radio signal to be denoised from the transient noise. The simulation results show that this method can effectively deal with the transient noise denoising problem of the radio signal with a high accuracy result and a low distortion of the radio waveform which keeps the original characteristics of the radio signal, the bit error rate of the radio signal polluted by transient noise is significantly reduced after the processing of the algorithm proposed.
Modeling of cascading failures in cyber-coupled power systems

In this paper, we develop a stochastic model from the perspective of complex networks to investigate the effects of cyber coupling on cascading failures in coupled power systems. The failure spreading in the coupled system is described by state transition and modeled as a Markov process. We simulate the dynamic profile of the cascading failures caused by the attack of cyber malwares, considering the effects of power overloading, contagion and interdependence between power grids and cyber networks. We study the coupled system created by coupling the UIUC 150 Bus System with synthesized scale-free cyber network. Simulation results present that the dynamic profile of the cascading failures in a coupled system displays a “staircase-like” pattern which can be interpreted as a combined feature of the typical step propagation profile triggered repeatedly by cyber attacks due to cyber network coupling. Results also show that cyber coupling can intensify both the extent and rapidity of power blackouts. Moreover, adopting assortative coupling patten accelerates the failures propagation, in particular under high-degree cyber node targeted attack.
The Effect of Channel Estimation Error on MIMO CDMA System

Based on the LS codes, MCD (multi-code detection) and MLD (maximum likelihood detection) receiver, the paper analyses the effect of channel estimation error on MIMO CDMA system in Rayleigh fading channel. Both analysis and results show that channel capacity decreases quickly when the channel estimation error increasing. When the channel estimation error is smaller than one percent, the channel capacity is increasing with the antennas linearly. But the increasing rate of system capacity declines rapidly when the channel estimation error becomes larger. When it becomes ten percent, the system capacity will not increase nearly with the antenna number increasing.
The effect of calculated wind speed on the capacity of dynamic line rating

Dynamic line rating can improve the short-term carrying capacity of transmission lines without changing existing grid structure or operating regulations such as the maximum operating current. Dynamic line rating has a broad application prospects. However, taking into account the fluctuation of wind speed and diversity of topography, wind speed is usually conservatively set as 0.5m/s, which is not in accordance with the reality and limits the enhancement of transmission capacity. In this paper, the relationship between wind velocity and carrying capacity of lines is studied statistically taking sunlight intensity, ambient temperature and other meteorological parameters into consideration. We find that the conductor temperature will decrease if the wind speed increases, but the conductor temperature tends to be stable with the continuous rising of wind speed. It can be concluded that the increase of wind speed brings improvement in the capacity of dynamic line rating in a certain range. It is also widely recognized that maximum cooling efficiency occurs when wind is perpendicular to the line. Then, we define the notion of calculated wind speed and put out an example to illustrate the approach of obtaining calculated wind speed in dynamic line rating. That is a reverse wind speed calculation method based on real-time current, conductor temperature, sunlight intensity, and environment temperature. All of this data are detected by on-line monitoring device. By choosing a proper calculated wind speed, the convey potential of transmission lines will be further explored.
Precise derivation for the equivalent circuit parameters of a crystal resonator with series capacitor

An exact formula for the equivalent circuit of a crystal resonator in series with a capacitor is derived. Network analysis is used to obtain an exact formula for the equivalent circuit parameters without applying any approximations. The result is an expansion of that obtained by those who used assumptions regarding high frequency, high quality factor, high capacitance ratio, and so on. Hence, this formula can be used for instances of low quality factor or low capacitance ratio, and even for the actual inductor-capacitor network as long as these devices have the same equivalent circuits. The enhanced accuracy of the new formula extends itself to oscillator frequency calibration, temperature compensation, and electronic frequency control.
A method for multiple fault diagnosis in analog circuits

Fault diagnosis of analog circuits is essential for analog and mixed-signal circuits testing and maintenance. A method for multiple fault diagnosis in linear analog circuits is proposed based on the large change sensitivity analysis and ambiguity group locating technique. A test equation establishes the relationship between the measured responses and deviations of faulty parameters. Multiple excitations and corresponding measurements are required for fault location. The parameter evaluation can provide the exact parameter solutions. The faulty parameter deviations can be between zero and infinity. The proposed method is extremely effective for the circuit with very limited accessible nodes and is also computationally efficient.
A new method based on polytopic linear inclusion for nonlinear filter with non-Gaussian noise

This paper presents a new method based on the polytopic linear differential inclusion and the robust mixed H2/H∞ filtering for the design of the nonlinear filter with non-Gaussian noises. The main goal is to solve the problems of the complexity and large calculation number in the general nonlinear filter and the filtering design problem for systems with the non-Gaussian noises. The noises considered in the paper involve two different kinds of noises: white noises and energy bounded noises. Differing from the linearization in most nonlinear filters, the estimation error system for the nonlinear system is represented by an uncertain polytopic linear model, based on which, the rectification equations for the predicted errors are designed following the robust mixed H2/H∞ filtering. The state estimates for the nonlinear system are given through updating the predictions by the rectified quantities, where, the state predicted quantities of the nonlinear system are gained by the prediction equation of the EKF. The evident advantage of the new filter is the filter coefficients of the rectification equation are constant, without the need to evaluate the Jacobian matrixes. As a result, the calculation number for the new filter is decreased much and the real-time performance of the new filter is much better than the EKF, though the accuracy is a little decline. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by using an example and the statistics result of the calculation number for the filters in the example.
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for groundwater resources carrying capacity in Hongxinglong agricultural settlement substation

Owing to the overexploitation for groundwater thus leading the water lowering of groundwater, the formation and enlargement of the cone of depression in Hongxinglong Branch Bureau, this paper using the fuzzy mathematics to establish fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for groundwater resources carrying capacity. The evaluation results indicated that the groundwater resources carrying capacity of Youyi, 852, 597, 853, Shuangyashan, Shuguang, Beixing, Hongqiling farm are the level one. they hold greatly development potentials and the state of groundwater carrying capacity is fairly optimistic; the groundwater resources carrying capacity of Baoshan farm is level two. The groundwater resource development and utilization has been a considerable scale, but there is still a certain development potential; The groundwater resources carrying capacity of farm Raohe, 291, Jiangchuan is level three, which show that the groundwater resources carrying capacity has approached their limits. They should control strictly groundwater exploitation intensity. The research result provides the scientific basis for the groundwater protection and sustainable utilization in Hongxinglong Branch Bureau and even Sanjiang Plain.
Design and realization of paving machine for modified asphalt coil

The modified asphalt coil is widely used as the waterproof material in elevated railroad, high way etc. However, most of the asphalt is paving by manual work. An automatic and wireless controlling machine for the paving modified asphalt coiled is designed and studied according to the need of improving the efficiency and paving quality. This paper introduced the system design of the mechanism and the intelligent control of the paving machine. The paving machine is mainly controlled with MCU, PLC (programmable logic controller) and CAN (control area network) bus to realize, via obtaining signals from multi-sensors. Meanwhile, hardware and software of CAN bus and have been designed and studied. Two working mode can be selected, one is the automatic paving mode, the other is the steer state. The scene's experiments shows that automatic paving machine can satisfy the need of paving process. And the automatic paving machine greatly improves the efficiency of the waterproofing paving in elevated railroad and high way.
Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters based on the precise derivation of zero phase frequency

It is usually considered that the resonance frequency of quartz crystal resonator is only related to dynamic inductance L 1 and dynamic capacitance C 1, and load resonance frequency has connection with L 1, C 1 and static capacitance C 0. Hence, the dynamic resistance cannot be measured by frequency. The deduction show that all the frequencies relates to L 1, C 1, C 0 and dynamic resistance R 1. Then, a method for measuring the total equivalent parameters of quartz crystal resonator based on zero phase frequency is proposed in this Letter. The simulation results of advanced design system (ADS) verify the validity of this proposal in theory. After that, the phase-frequency-curves of a quartz crystal resonator with 10 and 5 MHz are measured, which can obtain equivalent parameters of through data processing. The results show that this method has calculated parameters essentially in agreement with nominal parameters. This method does not have reciprocating debugging process, and the test process is simple as well. In addition, the approximate calculation is not used in this method, and it could be widely extent to the field of sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance sensors, temperature sensors and so on.
Notice of RetractionHealth Risk Assessment on Rural Water Quality in Mingshan County, China

Based on ArcGIS and the feature analysis for the water environment and the source identification of water environmental health risks in a typical area in the western edge of Sichuan basin-Mingshan County in Ya'an City of Sichuan Province, China, this study tested the water quality of 41 drinking water sources, applied the health risk evaluation model recommended by USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) to calculate and analyze the rural drinking water quality carcinogenic risk(R) and non-carcinogenic risk(hazard index, HI), and drew risk maps including single-factor and integrate factors of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances, the maps were in good agreement with the known spatial distribution of water quality contamination, applied the Tobit regression model to inspect significance and modeling results of HI, pointed out that the first 4 pollutants risk index of water sources were arsenic, fluoride, nitrate and iron, and suggested these 4 kinds of pollutants should be monitored specially. The study revealed the risk level, primary and secondary pollutants, governance priorities, formation mechanism, and provided a scientific basis for risk management for the rural drinking water quality in the study area.