nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarity-coincidence filter banks and nondestructive evaluation

In Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) applications, the technique of split-spectrum processing (SSP) decomposes the received signal into many subbands, and then uses nonlinear processing techniques (such as minimization or polarity thresholding) to detect the flaws' signal and location. The resulting subband signals are coherently combined to obtain a high-resolution version of the original signal. In this paper, we introduce the notion of Polarity-Coincidence (PC) in the context of wideband-signal detection. In an appropriately designed filter bank, all subband signals display a common polarity at the time of a transient (flaw). Necessary and sufficient conditions on the filter banks with PC properties are derived. Various conventional filter banks are studied for their PC properties. It turns out that the cosine-modulated filter bank cannot be a PC filter bank whereas certain linear-phase and pairwise-mirror-image filter banks may be PC. Design methods and examples of PC filter banks are given. The use of these filter banks, together with a PC polarity thresholding and recomposition algorithm, is simulated on ultrasonics data.<<ETX>>
The use of transmission line impedance measurements to determine electromagnetic comparability of FQIS wiring installations

Impedance measurements of a fuel quantity indication system (FQIS) were used to compare the electrical properties of a simulated FQIS installation to those of an actual installation. The fuel tank wiring and fuel probes from a Boeing 747 were removed from a retired airplane and installed in the reverberation chamber. The NASA installation was intended to electrically simulate the aircraft installation. A series of impedance measurements were taken on both installations in order to compare the input impedance values for each installation. A unique combination of statistics and the Smith Chart were used to compare the installations. This paper describes the methodology used in the data acquisition process, and the statistics of the installations are compared in the complex domain.
A Fully Scalable Motion Model for Scalable Video Coding

Motion information scalability is an important requirement for a fully scalable video codec, especially in low bit rate or small resolution decoding scenarios. So far, several layered coding and motion vector precision scalability approaches have been proposed. However, it is still vague on the required functionalities of a fully scalable motion model and how it interacts with other scalabilities, such as spatial, temporal and quality, in a scalable video codec. In this paper, we first define the functionalities required by a fully scalable motion model. Based on these requirements, a fully scalable motion model will be proposed and, moreover, the associated rate distortion optimized estimation techniques will also be provided as a companion. Several simulation results will be presented to summarize the advantages of proposed motion model.
Design of a Dual Spiral Line Loaded Monopole Antenna for Cellular and RFID Bands

We have presented a dual spiral line loaded monopole antenna on a vertical ground plane. The antenna has a 152 MHz impedance bandwidth (820 ~ 972 MHz) for VSWR<2 at a central frequency of 896 MHz. The proposed antenna covers both the cellular and UHF RFID bands in Korea and is suitable as the internal antenna of a handheld transceiver unit because of its thin configuration, broad bandwidth, and good omnidirectional radiation characteristics.
Spatio-temporal texture synthesis and image inpainting for video applications

In this paper we investigate the application of texture synthesis and image inpainting techniques for video applications. Working in the non-parametric framework, we use 3D patches for matching and copying. This ensures temporal continuity to some extent which is not possible to obtain by working with individual frames. Since, in present application, patches might contain arbitrary shaped and multiple disconnected holes, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and summed area table based sum of squared difference (SSD) calculation (S.L. Kilthau, et al, 2002) cannot be used. We propose a modification of above scheme which allows its use in present application. This results in significant gain of efficiency since search space is typically huge for video applications.
Design and development of service robot based human - robot interaction (HRI)

In this paper, the service robot named “BlackBot” as receptionist robot is descried, that is a small three-wheeled mobile platform with a differential drive, which was controlled by a mini PC. The BalckBot could sense its surroundings with the aid of various electronic sensors while mechanical actuators were used to move it around. Robot's behavior was determined by the program, which was loaded to the microcontrollers and PC. The experiment results demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of this predictive control on the trajectory tracking of a mobile robot. The service robot is designed to assist humans with reception tasks. The robot will interact closely with a group of humans in their everyday environment. This means that it is essential to create models for natural and intuitive communication between humans and robots. In this paper, the service robot named “BlackBot” as receptionist robot is descried, that is a small three-wheeled mobile platform with a differential drive, which was controlled by a mini PC. The BlackBot could sense its surroundings with the ai d of various electronic se nsors while mechanical actuators were used to move it around. Robot's behavior was determined by the program, which was loaded to the microcontrollers and PC. The experiment results demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of this predictive control on the trajectory tracking of a mobile robot. The service robot is designed to assist humans with reception tasks. The robot will interact closely with a group of humans in their everyday environment. This means that it is essential to create models for natural and intuitive communication between humans and robots.
A uniform transform domain video codec based on dual tree complex wavelet transform

This paper describes a uniform transform domain video codec where the motion estimation/compensation (ME) is performed in the transform domain. The estimation technique discussed here is a subpixel transform domain ME based on the dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT CWT) and a maximum phase correlation technique. The DT CWT is a multiresolution fine-to-coarse bandpass filtered decomposition of each still frame and has desirable properties of shiftability, directional selectivity and perfect reconstruction (PR). Estimation is first performed at the finest resolution and successively proceeds to the coarse resolutions using a fine-to-coarse strategy. This gives multiresolution motion estimates enabling estimation of current frame transform coefficients from the corresponding ones in the previous frame. The key difference of this approach is the transform domain error frames-a uniform transform domain video codec. This further simplifies the encoder and decoder resulting in computational savings with comparable performance to the standards.
Effect of lag correlations on the statistical modeling of wave propagation in a complex cavity [aircraft fuselage applications]

We have extended our earlier 2D multiple scattering formalism for plane GHz waves propagating down a loaded aircraft fuselage. The periodic array of seats/windows is modeled by longitudinal phase screens in the Z-direction, while scattering variations within a row are modeled by the random medium having various transverse lag-correlations. The effects of different lag-correlations and the strength of the scattering parameter /spl gamma/ on the existence of possible hot spots are readily seen, indicating that the computationally trivial approach of the multiscattering method could play a role a useful role in the determining of hot spots within an aircraft cavity due to electromagnetic sources (e.g., PEDs) within the cavity. The method is readily extended to examining polarization effects as well as 2D transverse structures.
Multirate filter banks and transform coding gain

An analytical derivation of quantization error in filter banks using additive and signal dependent noise models is presented. The coding gain over PCM is derived for both noise models. Interesting properties of coding gain in optimized filter banks with an AR(1) input signal model, asymptotic performance of multirate systems, and the analytical constraints required to achieve such performance are discussed. Connections to the recent developments of optimal subband systems are presented.
Layout-aware expandable low-degree topology

System expandability becomes a major concern for highly-parallel computers and datacenters, because their number of nodes gradually increases year by year. In this context we propose a low-degree expandable topology and its floor layout in which a cabinet or node set can be newly inserted by connecting short cables to a single existing cabinet. Our graph analysis shows that the proposed topology has low diameter, low average shortest path length and short aggregate cable length comparable to existing topologies with the same degree. When incrementally adding nodes and cabinets to the proposed topology, its diameter and average shortest path length increase modestly. Flit-level network simulation results show that the proposed topology has lower latency for three synthetic traffic patterns as expected from graph analysis. Our event-driven network simulation results show that the proposed topology provides a comparable performance to 2-D torus even for bandwidth-sensitive parallel applications.
Moving objects detection using classifying object proposals for driver assistance system

We present a new framework for driver assistance system, detecting moving objects in the street scene. Our algorithm supports a wide range of objects including vehicles, cyclists, pedestrian etc. Based on candidate bounding boxes detected by object proposals, our classifier only responds to the objects truly moving, which is more practical for real applications. Using unified features of color, structure and motion information, our system runs in real time with 66% detection rate in CamVid dataset. In addition, our method can be implemented efficiently with pipelined function blocks.
Fast and high quality learning-based super-resolution utilizing TV regularization method

Super-resolution image reconstruction is an important technology in many image processing areas such as image sensing, medical imaging, satellite imaging, and television signal conversion. It is also a key word of a recent consumer HDTV set that utilizes the CELL processor. Among various super-resolution methods, the learning-based method is one of the most promising solutions. The problem of the learning-based method is its enormous computational time for image searching from the large database of training images. We have proposed a new Total Variation (TV) regularization super-resolution method that utilizes a learning-based super-resolution method. We have obtained excellent results in image quality improvement. However, our proposed method needs long computational time because of the learning-based method. In this paper, we examine two methods that reduce the computational time of the learning-based method. The resulting algorithms reduce complexity significantly while maintaining comparable image quality. This enables the adoption of learning-based super-resolution to the motion pictures such as HDTV and internet movies.
Total subset variation prior

We propose total subset variation (TSV), a convexity preserving generalization of the total variation (TV) prior, for higher order clique MRF. A proposed differentiable approximation of the TSV prior makes it amenable for use in large images (e.g. 1080p). A convex relaxation of sub-exponential distribution is proposed as a criterion to determine the parameters of the optimization problem resulting from the TSV prior. For the super-resolution application, experiments show reconstruction error improvement with respect to the TV and other methods.
An Analysis and Method for Contrast Enhancement Turbulence Mitigation

A common problem for imaging in the atmosphere is fog and atmospheric turbulence. Over the years, many researchers have provided insight into the physics of either the fog or turbulence but not both. Most recently, researchers have proposed methods to remove fog in images fast enough for real-time processing. Additionally, methods have been proposed by other researchers that address the atmospheric turbulence problem. In this paper, we provide an analysis that incorporates both physics models: 1) fog and 2) turbulence. We observe how contrast enhancements (fog removal) can affect image alignment and image averaging. We present in this paper, a new joint contrast enhancement and turbulence mitigation (CETM) method that utilizes estimations from the contrast enhancement algorithm to improve the turbulence removal algorithm. We provide a new turbulent mitigation object metric that measures temporal consistency. Finally, we design the CETM to be efficient such that it can operate in fractions of a second for near real-time applications.
Efficient design of 2-D nonseparable filters of low complexity

By using Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) as a tool, a new deign for Two-Dimensional (2-D) Diamond-Shaped (DS) filters is developed. Surprisingly, the diamond shape of the filter is exactly expressed by using simple 2-D trigonometric polynomial curves of second order. In contrast to the high-order polynomial transformation based methods, the order of the designed filters is kept moderate with no performance sacrifices. Unlike conventional non-separable 2-D filters, the designed filters allow fast digital implementation despite being nonseparable and hence they are of low complexity. Numerical Simulations with application to quincunx image sampling are also performed to illustrate the viability of our method.
Hierarchical depth processing with adaptive search range and fusion

In this paper, we present an effective hierarchical depth processing and fusion for large stereo images. We propose the adaptive disparity search range based on the combined local structure from image and initial disparity. The adaptive search range can propagate the smoothness property at the coarse level to the fine level while preserving details and suppressing undesirable errors. The spatial-multiscale total variation method is investigated to enforce the spatial and scaling consistency of multi-scale depth estimates. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical scheme produces high quality and high resolution depth maps by fusing individual multi-scale depth maps, while reducing complexity.
Near-perfect-reconstruction pseudo-QMF banks

A novel approach to the design of M-channel pseudo-quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks is presented. In this approach, the prototype filter is constrained to be a linear-phase spectral-factor of a 2Mth band filter. As a result, the overall transfer function of the analysis/synthesis system is a delay. Moreover, the aliasing cancellation (AC) constraint is derived such that all the significant aliasing terms are canceled. Consequently, the aliasing level at the output is comparable to the stopband attenuation of the prototype filter. In other words, the only error at the output of the analysis/synthesis system is the aliasing error which is at the level of stopband attenuation. Using this approach, it is possible to design a pseudo-QMF bank where the stopband attenuation of the analysis (and thus synthesis) filters is on the order of /spl minus/100 dB. Moreover, the resulting reconstruction error is also on the order of /spl minus/100 dB. Several examples are included.
Linear system analysis of motion compensated de-interlacing

The majority of the work on deinterlacing techniques is ad hoc in nature and lacks theoretical justification. The designs are heuristic and the results are in most cases experimental. It is very difficult to quantify the overall performance of a deinterlacing system based on its performance over a few video sequences. In this paper, we present a linear system analysis for a motion-compensated video upconversion system, analyze the effect of motion vector accuracy in system performance and investigate switching the algorithm between fixed and motion-compensated deinterlacing.
Recognizing logical parts in legal texts using neural architectures

This paper proposes neural networks approaches to recognize logical parts in Vietnamese legal documents. We utilize four models based on recurrent neural networks including Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM and their combination with Conditional Random Fields. The experimental results on the Vietnamese Business Law data set shows the promising of this approach. Although, these approaches don't use any engineering features like traditional approaches, they can produce the state-of-the-art performance.
Multiresolution direction filterbanks: theory, design, and applications

This paper presents new developments of directional filterbanks (DFBs). The motivation for the paper is the existence of multiresolution and multidirection orthogonal transform for two-dimensional (2-D) discrete signals. Based on the frequency supports of the ideal transform, a new uniformly, maximally decimated DFB with six highpass directional subbands and two lowpass subands is introduced. The uniform DFB (uDFB) can be implemented by a binary tree structure of two-channel filterbanks. The filterbank employed in the tree is shown to be alias-free decimation and permissible. The uDFB is then extended to a nonuniform case (nuDFB), which is still maximally decimated, by combining the two lowpass subbands. The nuDFB yields nonuniform frequency division, which composes of one lowpass filter with a decimation factor of one fourth and six highpass directional filters with a decimation factor of one eighth. The new DFBs offer alternative image decompositions, which overcome the limited directional selectivity of the separable wavelets and the limited multiresolution of the conventional DFB. The lowpass subband of the nuDFB can be used to obtain a multiresolution representation by simply reiterating the same nuDFB decomposition. On the other hand, the directional subbands can also be further refined by simply applying a two-channel conventional DFB at each highpass component. A simple design method yielding near orthogonal uniform and nonuniform multidimensional filterbanks is presented. Finally, the performances of the newly proposed nuDFB are compared with other conventional transforms in nonlinear approximation, image denoising, and texture classification to demonstrate its potential.
A Low Cost Single-Cycle Router Based on Virtual Output Queuing for On-chip Networks

The communication latency of Network-on-Chip (NoC) is one of the factors that significantly impacts on the application performance on System-on-Chips. To reduce the NoC latency, we propose a low latency architecture of router, which utilizes virtual output queuing (VOQ) to shorten the processing time of a packet transfer. Based on taking advantage of VOQ in buffering, the number of pipeline stages of a packet transfer can be reduced to two stages of switch allocation and switch traversal. By speculatively implementing these stages in a parallel fashion, the router can perform a packet transfer in only one clock cycle. In addition, a multiple VOQ architecture that each input port maintains more than one queue for each output channel is also proposed for improving the throughput of router. We have implemented the proposed router on FPGA and evaluated in terms of communication latency, throughput and hardware amount. The experimental results show that in a 4x4 two-dimensional mesh network, the proposed router reduces the communication latency by 25% and cost of area by 67.3% as compared to the look-ahead speculative virtual channel router.
Directional motion-compensated spatio-temporal fuzzy filtering for quality enhancement of compressed video sequences

We propose a directional fuzzy filter to enhance the quality of compressed video sequences. A motion compensated spatio- temporal filter (MCSTF) is applied to intra-frame and inter-frame pixels to reduce both spatial and temporal artifacts. The MCSTF is adaptive to the pixel location, the intensity and position of surrounding pixels. To evaluate the flickering artifacts, a new metric is proposed to take into account the tracking characteristic of human eyes. Simulations on H.264 compressed videos show improvement in artifact reduction of the proposed directional fuzzy filter over other conventional spatial or temporal filtering approaches.
Random wave propagation in a two-dimensional complex medium [loaded aircraft cavity]

2D multiple scattering modeling of GHz waves propagating from a source within a loaded aircraft cavity is considered, with trivial computational effort. The periodic array of seats within the aircraft cavity can be readily modeled by longitudinal phase screens in the z-direction, while physical variations within a row can be modeled by a random refractive index with appropriate statistics. The effects of the scattering parameter /spl Gamma/ on the field intensity has been exhibited with strong scattering, leading to sharp, numerous and strong /spl delta/-function spikes as opposed to the low scattering limit in which the field intensities remain diffuse, broad and not as strong. This can have implications to the occurrence of hot spots within an aircraft cavity due to an electromagnetic source (e.g., PED) within the cavity.
An investigation of EME as a potential cause of fuel tank ignition

NASA researchers were tasked to study the potential for radio signals to excite an aircraft fuel quantity indication system (FQIS) enough to cause arcing, sparking or excessive heating within a fuel tank. Computational techniques were used to determine the threat from external high intensity radiated field transmitters nearby, such as shipboard and airborne radar systems. Experimental methods were used to determine the threat from portable electronic devices (PEDs) carried aboard by passengers. To support this work, unique electromagnetic coupling measurements were performed on a retired Boeing 747 aircraft, and new test and analysis methods were developed that may be applied to other FQIS designs as well as other aircraft electronic systems.
Fiber-optic sensor for aircraft lightning current measurement

An electric current sensor based on Faraday rotation effect in optical fiber was developed for measuring aircraft lightning current. Compared to traditional sensors, the design has many advantages including the ability to measure total current and to conform to structure geometries. The sensor is also small, light weight, non-conducting, safe from interference, and free of hysteresis and saturation. Potential applications include characterization of lightning current waveforms, parameters and paths, and providing environmental data for aircraft certifications. In an optical fiber as the sensing medium, light polarization rotates when exposed to a magnetic field in the direction of light propagation. By forming closed fiber loops around a conductor and applying Ampere's law, measuring the total light rotation yields the enclosed current. A reflective polarimetric scheme is used, where polarization change is measured after the polarized light travels round-trip through the sensing fiber. The sensor system was evaluated measuring rocket-triggered lightning over the 2011 summer. Early results compared very well against a reference current shunt resistor, demonstrating the sensor's accuracy and feasibility in a lightning environment. While later comparisons show gradually increasing amplitude deviations for an undetermined cause, the overall waveforms still compared very well.