nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Standardized Precipitation Index Based on the TMPA and CMORPH Precipitation Products for Drought Monitoring in China

This paper evaluated the accuracy of multiple satellite-based precipitation products including the tropical rainfall measuring mission multisatellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) (TMPA 3B42RT and TMPA 3B42 version 7) and the Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) (CMORPH RAW and CMORPH BLD version 1.0) datasets and investigated the impact of the accuracy and temporal coverage of these data products on the reliability of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) estimates. The satellite-based SPI was compared with the SPI estimate using in situ  precipitation observations from 2221 meteorological observation sites across China from 1998 to 2014. The SPI values calculated from the products calibrated with rain gauge measurements (TMPA 3B42 and CMORPH BLD) are generally more consistent with the SPI obtained with in situ measurements than those obtained using noncalibrated products (TMPA 3B42RT and CMORPH RAW products). The short data record of satellite precipitation data products is not the primary source of large errors in the SPI estimates, suggesting that the SPI estimate using satellite precipitation data products can be applied to drought assessment and monitoring. Satellite-based SPI estimates are more accurate in eastern China than in western China because of larger uncertainties in precipitation retrievals in western China, characterized by arid and semiarid climate conditions and complex landscapes. The satellite-based SPI can capture typical drought events throughout China, with the limitation that it is based on precipitation only and that different durations of antecedent precipitation are only suitable for specific drought conditions.
Investigation of the Emission Spectral Properties of Carbon Dots in Packaged LEDs Using TiO2 Nanoparticles

We examined light-emitting diodes (LEDs) packaged with silicone encapsulation of carbon dots (CDs) that is doped using TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs). The results reveal that the adjustable emission spectra in a wide wavelength range (peak wavelength varies from ∼430 to ∼600 nm) can be obtained by controlling the amount of TiO2NPs for CDs embedded in the silicone encapsulant, and that the various colors of LEDs can be produced using CDs at a concentration of 10 wt%. Moreover, the luminous intensity can be increased by 31% at a TiO2NPs concentration of 0.05 wt%. These optical characteristics of CDs-based LEDs emerge from the enhanced light scattering ability of TiO2NPs, which increases the light reabsorption and extraction probability. Therefore, the proposed method has great potential for achieving low-cost and high-performance CDs-based LEDs for particular applications.
Multi-task rank learning for image quality assessment

In practice, multiple types of distortions are associated with an image quality degradation process. The existing machine learning (ML) based image quality assessment (IQA) approaches generally established a unified model for all distortion types, or each model is trained independently for each distortion type by using single-task learning, which lead to the poor generalization ability of the models as applied to practical image processing. There are often the underlying cross relatedness amongst these single-task learnings in IQA, which is ignored by the previous approaches. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-task learning framework to train IQA models simultaneously across individual tasks each of which concerns one distortion type. These relatedness can be therefore exploited to improve the generalization ability of IQA models from single-task learning. In addition, pairwise image quality rank instead of image quality rating is optimized in learning task. By mapping image quality rank to image quality rating, a novel no-reference (NR) IQA approach can be derived. The experimental results confirm that the proposed Multi-task Rank Learning based IQA (MRLIQ) approach is prominent among all state-of-the-art NR-IQA approaches.
An experimental project dedicated to pumping efficiency optimization by choosing specific cylindrical lens based on green optical-contact laser

Based on analyzing the features of transverse modes of LD beam and experiment with quartz cylindrical lenses of different diameters, using certain cylindrical lenses to compress the ellipse shaped LD beam in the direction of the fast axis can result in the best pumping efficiency. The research findings can be applied to the practical production to manufacture highly efficient Nd:YVO4/KTP optical-contact crystal lasers at a low cost.
A mixed-signal ASIC for triple-chamber cardiac pacemakers with heart resistance measurement

This paper presents a mixed-signal ASIC for triple-chamber pacemakers. The ASIC performs four major functionalities: 1) sensing of heartbeat signals; 2) measuring the heart resistance of three chambers independently to diagnose the attachment status of the electrodes and provide additional information about the pathological status of the patient's heart; 3) generating stimulus pulses with programmable magnitude and pulse width; 4) receiving commands and configuration data from MCU, and transferring register data to MCU through the SPI interface. The ASIC is fabricated in a 0.35-μm BCD technology with a chip area of 3.8×3.8 mm2. Measurement results show that the magnitude of the stimulus pulses can be programmed from 0. 1 to 7.4 V with 0.1-V step. Almost linear heart resistance measuring is achieved in the resistance range of 250 to 4000 Q. Average current consumption is 4 μA from a 2.8-V supply.
Performance improvement of a separator tribo-electrostatic aero for granular materials plastics recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment

The two-conveyor-electrodes tribo-aero-electrostatic separator patented in 2010 was designed to sort granular mixtures of insulating materials in a fluidized bed subjected to an electric field perpendicular to the direction of the fluidizing air. The prototype ≤has proven its efficiency for the separation of insulating granules ≤ 2 mm, attaining excellent recovery rates. Its performances were less satisfactory for larger particles (2 to 4.5 mm). The objective of this work is to evaluate three modifications of the construction of this device, in order to increase the hourly throughput and improve the purity of the products, by controlling the charge acquired by the granules and the electric field intensity. Numerical simulations enabled the optimization of the electric field distribution in the active zone of the separator and an experimental study was carried out in order to identify the best conditions for granule charging by triboelectric effect. The tests were carried out for four configurations of the electrode system, by using a mixture of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) originated from grinding out-of-use computer cases. The typical granule size was 2 to 4.5 mm. The experimental approach validated a change in the position of the fluidized bed with respect to the conveyor electrodes, to increase the residence time of the granular materials and hence the amount of electric charge acquired by each particle. In order to intensify the electrical field, two solutions were tested and validated: (1) add a grounding electrode in the proximity of the high-voltage electrodes; (2) dispose vertically the high voltage electrodes. For the tested materials, the vertical arrangement of the electrodes gave the best hourly throughput rates and purity of the separated products.
Key Technology Research for the Production Monitoring and Control System of the Coning, Drawing and Twisting Workshop

To achieve the production information management of the coning, drawing and twisting workshops, and promote a good and fast development of the textile enterprise, a Multi-Agent production monitoring and control system based on C/S mode is developed, through analyzing the actual requirements of the workshops, where the communication of the single-port-multi-protocol and a multi-thread data collection technology are studied via the multi-thread and STL technologies. The system management functions, structure design of the database, and the technical difficulties in the process of software design are also introduced. As proved in practice, the system satisfies the production management requirements of the workshops, and implements the networking of the production management of enterprises.
Automatic foreground extraction for images and videos

In this paper, an automatic foreground extraction algorithm for images and videos is presented. It first automatically locates the foreground object coarsely by a salience detection algorithm, and then refines the object by Weighted Kernel Density Estimation (WKDE) and graph cut algorithm. A new initial probability map construction algorithm for WKDE is also presented. We then extend our algorithm to videos by an opacity tracking algorithm. It can automatically extract the foreground with high accuracy even for the videos with non-static background. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Road Traffic State Prediction with a Maximum Entropy Method

The prediction of the traffic state can give the people the important traveling information. In this paper, the traffic state prediction problem is studied. A Maximum Entropy(ME) approach is proposed for the traffic state prediction, which consider the prediction process as a classification problem instead of predicting the traffic flow parameters. The traffic state is defined as six classes according to the level of service. The Maximum Entropy approach is introduced to model this prediction process. In the ME framework, more different features can be used regardless of the features' dependence. The temporal and spatial features can be used together, which is hard to complished in the previous methods. The experiments show that the Maximum Entropy model is competent for the traffic state prediction. The most advantage of the Maximum Entropy model is that the road network features can be introduced. And this method can be also introduced to predict the long time traffic state in the future work.
Near-field Scattering of Light From a Hollow Particle With a Semisoft Boundary

Within the validity of the first-order Born approximation, the near-field evanescent wave is analytically obtained from the scattering of a monochromatic plane wave from a spatially deterministic hollow particle with a semisoft boundary. The scattered spectral density shows the fluctuating profile in any cross-sectional plane. The increase of either the outer or the inner radius of the scattering potential accelerates the decay of the spectral density value. Given a smaller integer number in the summation index of the scattering potential, the scattered wave experiences less spreading in the near field. The obtained results have potential applications to generate the unique scattered patterns in the near field and the guidance of tiny particles along the desired trajectories.
Evaluation of a Small Scale Cluster Computing System for Parallel Intelligent Techniques Applications

A small scale distributed computing system that is able to meet the needs of parallel intelligent techniques for engineering and science applications is reported in this paper. The reported system is a cluster of general-purpose PCs interconnected in a network. Such systems are powerful yet low cost. While such systems are not new, most applications written for cluster systems are programmed in MPI-C. Results from the proposed system have shown that it is advantageous to use Java due to its simplicity and mobility. Hence, the goal of this research is to design a Java-based parallel platform for efficient execution of intelligent techniques for engineering and science applications on a cluster system.
An algorithm for cycle and add property of m-sequence

The cycle and add properties (CAP) of m-sequences are discussed. For given integers /spl tau/ and /spl eta/, a method which decides /spl lambda/ to satisfy the CAP {a/sub k+/spl eta//}+{a/sub k+/spl tau//}={a/sub k+/spl lambda//} is proposed; the acquisition of the CAP of an m-sequence, {a/sub k/}, only depends on the reciprocal polynomial of the primitive polynomial which produces the m-sequence and the cyclotomic cosets mod p/sup n/-1.
Optimized Color Filter Arrays for Sparse Representation-Based Demosaicking.

Demosaicking is the problem of reconstructing a color image from the raw image captured by a digital color camera that covers its only imaging sensor with a color filter array (CFA). Sparse representation-based demosaicking has been shown to produce superior reconstruction quality. However, almost all existing algorithms in this category use the CFAs, which are not specifically optimized for the algorithms. In this paper, we consider optimally designing CFAs for sparse representation-based demosaicking, where the dictionary is well-chosen. The fact that CFAs correspond to the projection matrices used in compressed sensing inspires us to optimize CFAs via minimizing the mutual coherence. This is more challenging than that for traditional projection matrices because CFAs have physical realizability constraints. However, most of the existing methods for minimizing the mutual coherence require that the projection matrices should be unconstrained, making them inapplicable for designing CFAs. We consider directly minimizing the mutual coherence with the CFA's physical realizability constraints as a generalized fractional programming problem, which needs to find sufficiently accurate solutions to a sequence of nonconvex nonsmooth minimization problems. We adapt the redistributed proximal bundle method to address this issue. Experiments on benchmark images testify to the superiority of the proposed method. In particular, we show that a simple sparse representation-based demosaicking algorithm with our specifically optimized CFA can outperform LSSC . To the best of our knowledge, it is the first sparse representation-based demosaicking algorithm that beats LSSC in terms of CPSNR.
Critical Current of a Quasi-Isotropic HTS Strand in Magnetic Field

High-current high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables made from HTS CCs have widely potential applications in high magnetic field and superconducting power devices. In this paper, a design of quasi-isotropic HTS strand made from REBCO coated conductors (REBCO CCs) with geometrical symmetric configuration was put forward and a sample of the strand was fabricated. It mainly consists of 72 REBCO CCs, metal filler, and sheath. In order to study the anisotropy of critical current, the magnetic field distribution on the cross-section of the strand was simulated and the critical current of the strand in the self-field and in an external magnetic field were calculated by finite element method. The experimental results show the validity of the simulation model and the calculation method.
Planar composite triangle monopole UWB antenna

A novel planar composite triangle monopole ultrawideband antenna fed by microstrip is proposed in this paper. Radiating element of the antenna is a combination of three similar triangles from small to large, and the width of the microstrip change gradient. Simulation results from CST software demonstrate that the antenna has stable input impedance and stable patterns in the 3.1–10.6GHz, with H plane omni-directional radiation characteristic, which is suitable for short-range wireless ultra-wideband communications.
A quick convertible agitating system

Experiments of agitator properties are required a lot in process industry. A more efficient, practical and lower cost experimental system is demanded. In this research, a new type of quick convertible agitating system was designed which had a unique structure combined turning bracket with available impeller to enhance the prosperities and efficiency of the agitator experiment. Consisted of one driven system and two agitating tanks, the mechanism driven by a servo motor was designed in Pro/Engineer, and was controlled by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and its configuration software. The control system had upper part and lower part. The former one was controlled by a PC, the latter one was controlled by the PLC, and the communication between them was built. The striking features of the device were that a turning bracket was applied to change one tank from the other, and four blade shapes of the impellers (which were double-oblique 75-degree impeller, anchor impeller, two-layer of double-oblique 75-degree impeller, large-double-blade impeller) were designed to supply for selecting any blade shape of the impeller to be fixed in the agitating experiments. Parameters were measured and controlled in real-time including speed of the motor, temperature of the medium and torque of the motor during the agitating by control system. Many experiments were done by using this system. When studying the factors such as speed, medium and shape of blade that effect the agitating under the water, From the experiments data, the mixing time number of large-double-blade impeller was minimum and the mixing efficiency number was also minimum, which indicated the large-double-blade impeller was the best for agitating. The fluent software was also used to simulate the flown line nears the impeller. The simulation results coincided well with the experiment results. Not only the experiments results but also the simulation all showed the feasibility and practicability of the agitating system. More research could be continued to make it commercialized.
On a novel fuzzy predictive control

In this paper, a novel fuzzy predictive control (NFPC) algorithm is optimally derived in a fuzzy sense. The control scheme is then applied to the automatic train operation (ATO) process. The existing ATO system is usually developed by using conventional controls to trace a pre-specified speed pattern. Based on the analyses of the drawback of the conventional system, the fundamental importance of applying intelligent controls is emphasized. The NFPC paradigm is actually an organic fusion of fuzzy logic and predictive control. The inverse dynamics of the controlled process is represented by the fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, and the predictive control is also adopted to optimize the system output trajectory. The computer simulation shows satisfactory results.
A Multi-swarm Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Dynamic Optimization Problems

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm has been applied to many scientific and engineering problems for its efficiency. However, the original ABC technique cannot be used in dynamic environments directly. This paper proposes a multiswarm ABC algorithm, or MABC, that has a similar framework as the original ABC but uses environment detecting technique to track the moving of the optimum of dynamic problems. Experiments have been carried out by comparing MABC with original ABC on moving peaks benchmark (MPB). Results show that the proposed MABC performs better in terms of the offline error, convergence speed, and robustness.
Research on Dimension Tree Network and its application in Jing-Hu Line Safety Monitoring System

Safety detect information fusion method is the key problem of railway safety monitoring and early-alarm system. This paper proposes a kind of multi dimension information fusion model named dimension tree network. This model solves crucial miscellaneous information fusion problem in three factors. First, it adopts tree type structure to improve scalability and reconstruction Secondly, it can be used as a kind of specification of data interface, which is used to solve large-scale and real-time numerous kind information integrating problem. Finally, node assemble operation is helpful to formalize information storage and manage structure. DTN is applied in Jing-Hu Line Driving Safety Monitoring System and achieve better effect.
An investigation into three visual characteristics of complex scenes that evoke human emotion

Prior computational studies have examined hundreds of visual characteristics related to color, texture, and composition in an attempt to predict human emotional responses. Beyond those myriad features examined in computer science, roundness, angularity, and visual complexity have also been found to evoke emotions in human perceivers, as demonstrated in psychological studies of facial expressions, dance poses, and even simple synthetic visual patterns. Capturing these characteristics algorithmically to incorporate in computational studies, however, has proven difficult. Here we expand the scope of previous computer vision work by examining these three visual characteristics in computer analysis of complex scenes, and compare the results to the hundreds of visual qualities previously examined. A large collection of ecologically valid stimuli (i.e., photos that humans regularly encounter on the web), named the EmoSet and containing more than 40,000 images crawled from web albums, was generated using crowd-sourcing and subjected to human subject emotion ratings. We developed computational methods to the separate indices of roundness, angularity, and complexity, thereby establishing three new computational constructs. Critically, these three new physically interpretable visual constructs achieve comparable classification accuracy to the hundreds of shape, texture, composition, and facial feature characteristics previously examined. In addition, our experimental results show that color features related most strongly with the positivity of perceived emotions, the texture features related more to calmness or excitement, and roundness, angularity, and simplicity related similarly with both of these emotions dimensions.
Detection and volume estimation of bubbles in blood circuit of hemodialysis by morphological image processing

Air bubbles in extracorporeal blood circuit of hemodialysis are monitored and evaluated in case of flowing into the patient. The bubbles in the dialysis device are detected by the optical or ultrasonic devices, and micro bubbles can pass the air sensor without causing system alarm. This paper proposes a morphological method to identify the number and the cumulative volume of the bubbles accurately. The gray morphology is used for image preprocessing. After preprocessing, the image is filtered by binary morphological method. Then methods for estimation of bubble volume are applied with the mural bubble and air embolus being equivalent to cylinder and ellipsoid respectively. The results of the detection and the calculation are relatively accurate, the absolute errors of cumulative volumes are within the acceptable level.
Effect of Gain Nonlinearity on Time Delay Signature of Chaos in External-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers

The effects of gain nonlinearity on the time delay signature (TDS) of both intensity and phase chaos in semiconductor lasers (SLs) with optical feedback are investigated numerically. The SLs subject to single-path feedback are mainly considered, and SLs with dual-path feedback are also discussed for the sake of generality. The TDS is evaluated via both auto-correlation function (ACF) and permutation entropy function. It is found that the TDS is more sensitive to nonlinear gain factor (NGF) for large injection current and low feedback strength. For given feedback strength, the peak heights of ACF for both intensity and phase chaos around TDS can be decreased by using SL with low NGF, especially when the injection current is relative high. Furthermore, with low NGF, successful TDS concealment can be achieved in wider region in the parameter planes of feedback strength and injection current. Hence, careful selection of an internal parameter is an effective candidate for TDS concealment in wider parameter region, which is complementary to the existing techniques by controlling the external parameters, and thus is highly desirable for expanding the key space for chaos-based secure communication.