nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
VideoAL: a novel end-to-end MPEG-7 video automatic labeling system

In this paper, we describe a novel end-to-end video automatic labeling system, which accepts MPEG-I sequence inputs and generates MPEG-7 XML metadata files based on the prior established anchor models. Seven modules were developed for the system: shot segmentation, region segmentation, annotation, feature extraction, model learning, classification, and XML rendering. The performance of this system has been tested in the NIST TREC-2002 video concept detection benchmark. The proposed system performs best in the mean average precision out of 18 worldwide participants.
Learning visual models of semantic concepts

Statistical machine learning provides a computational framework for mapping low level media features to high level semantics concepts. In this paper we expose the challenges that these techniques face. Using support vector machine (SVM) classification we build models for 34 semantic concepts for the TREC 2002 benchmark corpus. We study the effect of number of examples available for training with respect to their impact on detection. We also examine low level feature fusion as well as parameter sensitivity with SVM classifiers.
Load Flow? What Can It Tell You?

Load flows, more recently called power flows, have been a tool of the systems analyst for many years. Mostly load flow studies in the past have been made by large utilities to determine the system behavior under certain specified conditions. In the recent past some industrial plants have electrical systems as large and complex as some of the utility systems of yesteryear. This paper is an effort to set forth the benefits that the industrial plant operator may obtain from a load flow study of his electrical system.
Ontology-based multi-classification learning for video concept detection

In this paper, an ontology-based multi-classification learning algorithm is adopted to detect concepts in the NIST TREC-2003 video retrieval benchmark which defines 133 video concepts, organized hierarchically and each video data can belong to one or more concepts. The algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step, each single concept model is constructed independently. In the second step, ontology-based concept learning improves the accuracy of the individual concept by considering the possible influence relations between concepts based on a predefined ontology hierarchy. The advantage of ontology learning is that its influence path is based on an ontology hierarchy, which has real semantic meanings. Besides semantics, it also considers the data correlation to decide the exact influence assigned to each path, which makes the influence more flexible according to data distribution. This learning algorithm can be used for multiple topic document classification such as Internet documents and video documents. We demonstrate that precision-recall can be significantly improved by taking ontology into account
Low-voltage-tunable distributed Bragg reflector using InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells

The operation of the first multiple quantum well (MQW) voltage-tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with inter-digitated contacts is discussed. Application of only +1 V produces a 12% change in reflectivity, demonstrating the advantages of the interdigitated contact scheme. Qualitative features of the optical response are successfully modeled using the transmission matrix method and absorption and refractive index spectra deduced from transmission measurements of a InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well control sample.<<ETX>>
Interactive search fusion methods for video database retrieval

In this paper, we investigate a new method for video database retrieval using interactive search fusion. Recent video analysis techniques have enabled the extraction of a variety of descriptors of features, concepts, clusters, classification results, speech and textual terms, MPEG-7 metadata, and so on. However, given an information need users are faced with a daunting task of trying to formulate queries over these multiple disparate data sources in order to retrieve the desired video content. In this paper, we explore a novel approach based on search fusion in which the user interactively builds a query by sequentially choosing among the descriptors and data sources and by selecting from various combining and score aggregation functions to fuse results of individual searches. For example, the system allows building of queries such as "retrieve video clips that have color of beach scenes, the detection of sky, and detection of water". In this paper we present the search fusion method and evaluate the performance on a large video database.
MEM switch technology in radar

Microelectromechanical (MEM) RF switch technology has been demonstrated to exhibit very low insertion loss with multi-octave performance at microwave frequencies. MEM RF switch designs require very low actuation control energy with minimal current at very high speeds. These characteristics, along with the demonstrated potential for high volume, low cost fabrication, make MEM technology very useful for advanced radar sensor systems. In application to phase shifters and switchable delay lines, MEM switches offer better performance and lower system prime power at lower cost than current GaAs MMIC or ferrite implementations. This paper examines and quantifies the impact that MEM RF switch technology will have on future agile beam radar sensor systems and discuss the implications for future system architectures.
Adapting Multimedia Internet Content for Universal Access

Content delivery over the Internet needs to address both the multimedia nature of the content and the capabilities of the diverse client platforms the content is being delivered to. We present a system that adapts multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client device requesting it. This system has two key components. 1) A representation scheme called the InfoPyramid that provides a multimodal, multiresolution representation hierarchy for multimedia. 2) A customizer that selects the best content representation to meet the client capabilities while delivering the most value. We model the selection process as a resource allocation problem in a generalized rate distortion framework. In this framework, we address the issue of both multiple media types in a Web document and multiple resource types at the client. We extend this framework to allow prioritization on the content items in a Web document. We illustrate our content adaptation technique with a web server that adapts multimedia news stories to clients as diverse as workstations, PDA's and cellular phones.
Using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 for personalizing video

As multimedia content has proliferated over the past several years, users have begun to expect that content be easily accessed according to their own preferences. One of the most effective ways to do this is through using the MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards, which can help address the issues associated with designing a video personalization and summarization system in heterogeneous usage environments. This three-tier architecture provides a standards-compliant infrastructure that, in conjunction with our tools, can help select, adapt, and deliver personalized video summaries to users. In extending our summarization research, we plan to explore semantic similarities across multiple simultaneous news media sources and to abstract summaries for different viewpoints. Doing so will allow us to track a semantic topic as it evolves into the future. As a result, we should be able to summarize news repositories into a smaller collection of topic threads.
Accelerated aging of extruded dielectric power cables. I. Control and monitoring methodology

In accelerated cable life testing of power cables, cable samples are usually subjected to elevated voltages and temperatures in the presence of water in order to promote aging of the insulation and premature failures through the treeing mechanism. Failure to accurately control and monitor these accelerating factors can have adverse effects on test results and can lead to erroneous conclusions. A new and improved accelerated cable life test is described. Through the use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), very precise and consistent control of the accelerated aging process has been achieved. A computer has been utilized to make continuous real-time data acquisition and storage of key operating parameters possible. This precise control and monitoring methodology has permitted the study of the synergistic effects of voltage and temperature on the accelerated aging of full-sized cables in the laboratory.<<ETX>>
Design and evaluation of an effective and efficient video copy detection system

We consider the end-to-end system design and evaluation of an efficient and effective system for video copy detection that bridges the gap between computationally expensive methods and practical applications. We use a compact SIFT-based bag-of-words fingerprint (which we call a SIFTogram), requiring only 1000 bytes per second of video, and show that beyond the descriptor choice, many variables can affect performance. We also consider a complementary color-based descriptor, which contrary to popular recent belief, performs better than SIFTogram on some transforms. We emphasize robustness with respect to the most common transformations on content sharing sites, and report a 99.3% detection rate with 0 false alarms on one such transform category from a standardized evaluation. We perform an evaluation of the system using two TRECVID benchmark datasets, and examine the trade-off between speed and accuracy relative to other TRECVID submissions.
The electrical insulation of the DIII-D advanced divertor electrode

For the electrode for biasing experiments on the DIII-D tokamak, electrical insulation had to provide voltage standoff in the DIII-D divertor environment of neutral pressures in the range of 10/sup -8/ to 5*10/sup -2/ torr, variable magnetic fields, and in the presence of ionizing radiation. The electrical insulation system was designed and tested in air and vacuum for voltages up to 3 kV. The operating experience, problems encountered, and improvements to the system are described. Electrical breakdown of some components and transient voltages, up to 5 kV, have been observed. The original concept for insulating the water and electrical feeds for the electrode was found to be prone to failure. A novel scheme of rigid ceramic insulators surrounded by a ground plane was designed and is being implemented. Another problem was arcs from vessel potential surfaces to the electrode in several locations where vessel ground existed within 1 cm of the electrode. The arc traveled in a small crack between two insulators. Careful attention has been paid to closing this and other small gaps in the insulation.<<ETX>>
Thermal design and analysis of DIII-D advanced divertor

The DIII-D tokamak uses divertor plasma configurations to obtain enhanced plasma confinement. To further develop the divertor capability, a combined divertor baffle and electrically isolated toroidal-ring electrode will be installed. The high heat flux and elevated temperatures pose challenging design problems, especially for the insulating materials. The toroidal-ring support structure for the divertor is described. It must withstand a peak heat flux of 600 W/cm/sup 2/ for a period of 5 s. The results of a system analysis are presented. During operation, the advanced divertor is electrically biased relative to the vessel. To provide cross field electrical insulation between the divertor and the vessel, parts of the shelf and the floor tiles will be fabricated from nonconducting materials which will be subjected to both high heat flux and a high-temperature environment. To obtain an acceptable design, thermal analyses were performed to calculate the temperature differences between the divertor structure and the vessel wall during periods of bakeout and during plasma operation. A number of finite-element thermal stress analyses of individual components were done to ensure acceptable temperatures and stresses.<<ETX>>
Active selection for multi-example querying by content

Multi-example content-based retrieval (MECBR) is the process of querying content by specifying multiple query examples with single query iteration. MECBR attempts to mitigate some of the semantic limitations of traditional relevance feedback or CBR techniques by allowing multiple query examples and thus a more accurate modeling of the user's query need. It also attempts to minimize the burden on the user, as compared to relevance feedback methods, by eliminating the need for user feedback and limiting all interaction into a single query specification step. Multi-example content-based retrieval is therefore a simple alternative for modeling low- and mid-level semantics without the need for heavy user interaction or extensive training, as in interactive feedback systems or complex statistical modeling approaches. In this paper, we describe the MECBR technique in some detail and study methods for active selection of query examples and query features. In particular, we propose and investigate techniques for automatic query example selection, feature selection, and feature fusion. We compare different approaches and evaluate performance of different parameter settings through an extensive empirical study. We also compare MECBR performance to that of explicitly built semantic models using state-of-the-art support vector machines (SVM). We find that lightweight MECBR performs up to 60% better for rare concepts and only 12% to 25% worse for frequent concepts, as compared to heavy-weight SVM modeling! This shows that MECBR is not only a viable lightweight alternative to statistical semantic modeling but is also preferred for very diverse or rare-class semantic modeling situations.
Fluidic self-assembly of InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers onto silicon

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been successfully integrated by fluidic self-assembly (FSA) into 10 /spl mu/m deep holes etched into an Si substrate. These 40/spl times/40/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 3/ devices were fully planarised and metallised after integration. The VCSELs operated pulsed at O.98 /spl mu/m with a threshold current as low as 75 mA and a turn-on voltage of 2.9 V.
The Finite-Element Method Applied to Axisymmetric Field Problems in Silos

The application of the finite-element technique to the calculation of electrostatic potentials and fields in axisymmetric containers being loaded with charged powders is illustrated. Charge accumulation during such processes can result in the onset of hazardous conditions. The electrostatic potential distributions due to some simple charge distributions are investigated, and the value of such an approach in industrial electrostatics is discussed.
Learning semantic multimedia representations from a small set of examples

We approach the problem of semantic multimedia retrieval as a supervised learning problem. Defining a lexicon of a small number of interesting semantic concepts we can handle a number of semantic queries. Since the number of interesting concepts available for training is usually small we explore discriminant learning techniques. In particular, we examine the use of kernel based methods and demonstrate impressive retrieval performance using semantic concepts like rocket, outdoor, greenery, sky and face. We also show that loosely coupled multimodal events can be detected based on the late fusion of detection of related auditory and visual concepts. Using a Bayesian network for inference we show how a rocket-launch event can be detected based on the detection of a related visual concept (rocket object) and a related auditory concept (explosion/blast-off).
Steam turbine generator shaft torque transients: a comparison of simulated and test results

If the electrical system of a turbine generator is subjected to a fault or disturbance condition, large mechanical torques may be induced in the turbine shafts. The computer prediction of such torsional behaviour has become an important feature of system design and appraisal. Simulation results are presented in the paper for two different operating conditions: malsynchronisation and load rejection. Comparisons of these computer predictions and actual measured test results are made for the torque transients on two shafts of the turbine generator. Good correlation is obtained if electrical and mechanical damping data is chosen carefully. The computer model is shown to behave satisfactorily with respect to the predicted torsional frequencies, peak to peak torque amplitudes and rate of decay of the transients. The variations of the rate of damping for the different disturbances are also discussed.
Electrical insulation testing for ITER fusion tokamak

The uniqueness of the ITER fusion project drives purpose and scope here to fulfil (functional) Procurement Arrangement (PA) requirements for the Central Solenoid (CS) and Correction Coil (CC) magnets' electrical insulation [1–3]; as used and undertaken for covering high voltage testing operations of the magnet coil winding pack (WP) vacuum pressure insulation (VPI) beam qualification, followed in 2016 by start of magnets series production in the USA and China [1, 2]. Useful to be considered common state-of-the-art electrical power components testing practices [3, 4] are presented here as performed to verify that the integrity and insulation of the various components are within acceptable limits during different phases of the fabrication and to certify acceptance on delivery of the complete coils. Initial measurement plans were complemented into electrical tests with typical high voltage engineering implemented measures as a pre-requisite to successfully validate produced results. The above permitted the first quantitative validation of the obtained final production, including life time behavior.
Assembly Concerns for Flash X-Ray Accelerators

Proper accelerator assembly is critical in maximizing the return on investment of project funds. This critical task is most often accomplished by trained technicians. Pulsed Power-driven X-ray source assembly includes project planning, system design, drawing creation, and review as vital steps toward project success. The actual assembly procedures also are critical in ensuring the accelerator performs properly and will continue to perform efficiently and safely for years. This paper presents information on assembly concerns, including hardware selection, material selection, material treatments, documentation concerns and general assembly guidelines. This paper will mainly focus on oil and water containing sections including pulse forming lines and induction voltage adders.
Dielectric breakdown strength correlation with time-to-failure during wet aging of XLPE-insulated cables

This paper reviews two sets of failure information, the GMTF (a parameter obtained from time-to-failure results) and GMBD stress (a parameter that is calculated from AC breakdown test results), and suggests a correlation. The test results were obtained from accelerated aging experiments on full-sized medium voltage cables in carefully controlled and monitored water-filled tanks. Results show that the ambient temperature AC breakdown strength for equivalently aged cables is influenced primarily by voltage stress during aging-not by the aging temperature. The AC breakdown strength on equivalently aged cables was also shown to decrease with reductions in the aging voltage at all aging temperatures.
Upgrade of NSLS timing system

We report on the progress of the new NSLS timing system. There are three types of requirements for NSLS timing system: clocks, synchronization and trigger circuits. All ring revolution frequency clocks are generated using ECL and high speed TTL logic. The synchronization circuits allows to fill both storage rings with any bunch pattern. The triggers are generated by using commercially available digital delay generators. The delay unit's outputs are ultrastable, with a resolution of 5 ps, and are programmed by computer via IEEE 488 interface. The block diagrams, description of all major timing components and the present status are provided in this paper.
Accelerated aging of extruded dielectric power cables. I. Control and monitoring methodology

In accelerated cable life testing of power cables, cable samples are usually subjected to elevated voltages and temperatures in the presence of water in order to promote aging of the insulation and premature failures through the treeing mechanism. Failure to accurately control and monitor these accelerating factors can have adverse effects on test results and can lead to erroneous conclusions. A new and improved accelerated cable life test is described. Through the use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), very precise and consistent control of the accelerated aging process has been achieved. A computer has been utilized to make continuous real-time data acquisition and storage of key operating parameters possible. This precise control and monitoring methodology has permitted the study of the synergistic effects of voltage and temperature on the accelerated aging of full-sized cables in the laboratory.
A high reliability oxygen deficiency monitoring system

The escalating use of cryogens at national laboratories in general and accelerators in particular, along with the increased emphasis placed on personnel safety, mandates the development and installation of oxygen monitoring systems to insure personnel safety in the event of a cryogenic leak. Numerous vendors offer oxygen deficiency monitoring systems but fail to provide important features and/or flexibility. This paper describes a unique oxygen monitoring system developed for the Magnet Test Laboratory (MTL) at the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSCL). Features include: high reliability, oxygen cell redundancy, sensor longevity, simple calibration, multiple trip points, offending sensor audio and visual indication, global alarms for building evacuation, local and remote analog readout, event and analog data logging, EMAIL event notification, phone line voice status system, and multi-drop communications network capability for reduced cable runs. Of particular importance is the distributed topology of the system which allows it to operate in a stand-alone configuration or to communicate with a host computer. This flexibility makes it ideal for small applications such as a small room containing a cryogenic dewar, as well as larger systems which monitor many offices and labs in several buildings.<<ETX>>