nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the 2nd-order ABC with auxiliary variables in the FETI-DPEM method for 3D EM problems

This paper presented a simple approach to implementing the 2nd-order absorbing boundary condition (ABC) in the FETI-DPEM (dual primal finite element tearing and interconnecting method) without changing the major framework of the method. As a result, the accuracy of the FETI-DPEM method in 3D open-region analysis is significantly improved. Numerical results are provided to validate the implementation and demonstrate the improved performance associated with the 2nd-order ABC.
Influences of Li2O-B2O3-ZnO glass addition on microstructural and magnetic properties of LiZnTi-ferrites

Recently, a lot of research has been focusing on the surface mounted microwave gyromagnetic devices fabricated by low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) technique [1-2]. LiZnTi-ferrite materials have been widely applied in microwave gyromagnetic devices, such as circulator, phase shifter in the electronically scanned phased array antennae, due to its low coercivity (Hc), appropriate saturation flux density (Bs) and dielectric constant, all of which can be tailored by various doping strategies . But its high sintering temperature restrains its application in chip microwave gyromagnetic devices. Some low melting point glasses have been used to meet the requirements of sinterability for LTCC technology. The Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 (LBS) glasses are usually used as a suitable additive for lowing the sintering temperature and dielectric loss of some microwave ceramics, making them suitable for LTCC application . In this paper, the effects of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 (LBS) glass addition on the microstructures and properties of low-temperature fired LiTiZn-ferrites have been studied.
Chaos in a charge-controlled memcapacitor circuit

Memristive circuit element, such as memristor, memcapacitor and meminductor has the property of memory to its dynamic history. The capacitance of a charge-controlled memcapacitor has the relation to the charge accumulated in it, thus leads to nonlinearity. Strange nonlinear behaviors can be observed in some memristive circuits. A three-order passive circuit with charge-controlled memcapacitor is studied in this paper. This circuit consists of conventional R, C, L and one charge-controlled memcapacitor. Simulation result shows that this simple circuit exhibits complex oscillation, and chaotic attractor can be generated in this nonlinear circuit.
Deconvolution scatter compensation for thallium-201 fan-beam cardiac SPECT

Scatter radiation is a large fraction of the measured projection data in Tl-201 SPECT and has significant effect on the reconstructed images. We investigated both pre- and post-filter implementations of the deconvolution scatter compensation method and several methods of estimating the scatter-to-primary ratio and scatter point response function using the attenuation map. For comparison, we also extended the dual energy window scatter compensation with a method to accurately estimate the k factor used. Both scatter compensation methods were assessed using a thorax phantom and Monte Carlo simulations. Quantitative accuracy of higher than 90% is achieved for both the prefilter implementation of the deconvolution method and the dual energy window method with an accurately determined k factor. Among the two, the deconvolution method has slightly less noise in the reconstructed image.
Introduction of NiZn-Ferrite Into Co$_{2}$Z-Ferrite and Effects on the Magnetic and Dielectric Properties

Various amounts of NiZn spinel ferrite (Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) were introduced into Co<sub>2</sub>Z hexagonal ferrite (Ba<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>24</sub>O<sub>41</sub> ) by a solid-state reaction method. The phases, microstructures, and magnetic and dielectric properties have been investigated. The results show that the grain size is obviously changed with introducing of NiZn ferrite, and the saturation magnetization increases from 45 emu/g to 55 emu/g. Compared with undoped Co<sub>2</sub>Z ferrite, the samples doped 15 wt % and 20 wt % NiZn ferrite exhibit much stable μ<sup>'</sup> and ε<sup>'</sup> spectrums with frequency. The quality factor is improved to about 80 and the dielectric loss is reduced to 0.005 at 100 MHz.
Automatic Thesaurus Generation and Its Weight Assignment for External Information Support in GSS

External information plays an important role in group decision making process, and technology advancement in recent year has made the research of external information support in GSS feasible. Thesaurus generation and its weight assignment is a critical part of external information support system, for it serves as a bridge connecting GSS meeting and external information support system. This paper firstly introduces the argumentation information model and its related concept. Based on this model, section 3 proposes an automatic thesaurus generation method consist of three steps: word segmentation, primary terms recognition and stopping. In section 4, we developed a methodology of weight assignment and illustrate some typical heuristic rules as well as their application environment.
Design and implementation of array readout integrated circuit and image system for current mode sensors

Considered that the dual band sensor system is the most popular design at present, this study discussed the design of a dual-band hybrid array readout circuit. The direct injection circuit structure was used in the unit pixel. The design, simulation, and layout were conducted in the 40um×40um unit pixel to complete middle and long waveband signal readouts, in order to achieve one sensor unit with two sensor modes. The readout circuit chip adopted TSMC 0.35um 2P4M CMOS 5V to design a 16×12 array readout circuit, with an input current range of the measured current at 1.9pA to 50 nA, an adjustable integration time, a maximum frame rate of 110Hz, the output swing of the chip signal of 2V, the maximum operating chip frequency of 3MHz, power dissipation of 18mW, system noise voltage Vrms of 0.68mV, and signal-noise ratio of 69dB. Finally, the tested chip was used to connect the detection system proxy board and digital signal board, and digital signal processing video through front-end filters and analog to digital converter, in order to complete signal conversion and digital signal processing. With the digital control signal provided by the signal board and signal capture, the back-end digital signal was processed and imaged on the screen. The readout circuit chip connected the signal proxy board for testing. The overall system resolution reached 10 bit.
Face View Recognition and Facial Feature Extraction

Issues of friendly human-machine interfaces have driven various researches, such as face animation, face recognition, and facial expression recognition in the last decade. The success of these applications relies on the accuracy of the detected facial features. Despite that facial features may be extracted automatically by some methods, however, the effective results were obtained in certain restricted conditions, such as face images acquired in the front view. This study proposed a facial feature extraction method in different views. A contour descriptor is adopted to describe the shape of faces. Then, the views were automatically recognized using a radial basis function neural network. According to the recognition result, the respective facial feature extraction was applied. Experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize face views (front view, half profile view, and profile view) and extract their corresponding feature points correctly.
Semantic Object Segmentation in Tagged Videos via Detection

Semantic object segmentation (SOS) is a challenging task in computer vision that aims to detect and segment all pixels of the objects within predefined semantic categories. In image-based SOS, many supervised models have been proposed and achieved impressive performances due to the rapid advances of well-annotated training images and machine learning theories. However, in video-based SOS it is often difficult to directly train a supervised model since most videos are weakly annotated by tags. To handle such tagged videos, this paper proposes a novel approach that adopts a segmentation-by-detection framework. In this framework, object detection and segment proposals are first generated using the models pre-trained on still images, which provide useful cues to roughly localize the semantic objects. Based on these proposals, we propose an efficient algorithm to initialize object tracks by solving a joint assignment problem. As such tracks provide rough spatiotemporal configurations of the semantic objects, a voting-based refinement algorithm is further proposed to improve their spatiotemporal consistency. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework can robustly and effectively segment semantic objects in tagged videos, even when the image-based object detectors provide inaccurate proposals. On various public benchmarks, the proposed approach obtains substantial improvements over the state-of-the-arts.
Modeling and Simulation of Laser Lift-off Process for LED's Substrates

As high power LEDs develop rapidly, sapphire substrate on which LED's chips are grown, cannot meet the needs of the increasing performance any longer. Therefore, transfer of the devices from the former sapphire substrates to more thermally and electrically conductive receptor substrates is recommended. Laser peeling has been a new technology of separating films of GaN from the substrate on which they are grown. Experience shows that the films can be debonded intactly when the laser parameters are well controlled. In this contribution, the mechanics of the laser-assisted debonding of GaN films on sapphire, silicon and copper substrates is considered so that the specific parameters can be optimized in order to achieve a feasible process scheme that may be used in the industry. During the simulation, the knowledge of interfacial crack generation between dissimilar materials is considered to be the essential principle of the process of "liftoff". Failure of the interfaces results in the debonding. Whatever, the films of chips should not be damaged in the duration of the "lift-off" process. A few important issues such as temperature distribution, stress distribution and energy release rate are raised in terms of examining whether the films are likely to be damaged.
Data-driven fault detection of vertical rail vehicle suspension systems

This paper concerns data driven fault detection of vertical rail vehicle suspension systems issue. The underlying vehicle system are equipped with only accelerator sensors in the four corners of the carbody, the front and trail bogie, respectively. The faults considered are the vertical damper fault and vertical spring fault. Both PCA-based and CVA-based fault detection methods are studied in this paper. When there is a detectable fault, the detector sends an alarm signal if the residual evaluation is larger than a predefined threshold. By using the professional multi-body simulation tool, SIMPACK, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation results for several fault scenarios.
Design and Realization of a Novel Helical Coil Electromagnetic Launcher

Helical coil electromagnetic launchers (HEMLs) using rail-fed strategy, local excitation and single-turn commutation, solve the problem of synchronization control perfectly. Through the simulation, a novel helical coil launcher is designed using the basic HEML's structure. A D-shaped cross section armature is proposed to achieve the maximum projectile velocity. The energizing length of the driving coil, as well as, the armature position of the maximum force is determined. The maximum driving force on the armature increases with the increasing coil axial length and the armature acceleration reaches its maximum value when the ratio of axial to radial length of the coil is 1:2. The force distribution of the armature and driving coils is analyzed.
Partial Discharges Characteristics of Harmful Conducting Particles Around Spacer Under AC Voltage in Atmospheric Air

Harmful metallic particles inside gas insulated switchgears (GISs), which are the most problematic among various defects in a GIS, is significant to the reliable operation of such electric equipment in power transmission network. This paper investigates, on an experimental basis, the partial discharge (PD) characteristics initiated from particles under ac voltage in atmospheric air with those placed freely on the lower electrode's surface of GIS model, having adhered to the insulated spacer's surface, and fixed on the upper electrode's surface, respectively. PD and breakdown characteristics in terms of the particle size (length and radius) and the location between the spacer and the particle have been studied in detail. All results are compared with each other to clarify the influence of the particle geometry size and location on PD characteristics. The amount of PD pulses in unit time, which shows the severe extent in PD, has been also investigated. The influence mechanism of the particle location on PD characteristics is discussed in this paper.
Best of both worlds: Human-machine collaboration for object annotation

The long-standing goal of localizing every object in an image remains elusive. Manually annotating objects is quite expensive despite crowd engineering innovations. Current state-of-the-art automatic object detectors can accurately detect at most a few objects per image. This paper brings together the latest advancements in object detection and in crowd engineering into a principled framework for accurately and efficiently localizing objects in images. The input to the system is an image to annotate and a set of annotation constraints: desired precision, utility and/or human cost of the labeling. The output is a set of object annotations, informed by human feedback and computer vision. Our model seamlessly integrates multiple computer vision models with multiple sources of human input in a Markov Decision Process. We empirically validate the effectiveness of our human-in-the-loop labeling approach on the ILSVRC2014 object detection dataset.
A fast matching algorithm with an adaptive window based on quasi-dense method

This paper presents a fast quasi-dense matching algorithm using an adaptive window. The algorithm starts from a set of sparse seed matches, then propagates to the neighboring pixels, finally the most points in the images are matched. During computing the normalized cross correlation (NCC), an additional level of incremental calculation is proposed to achieve further speed-up. The confidence coefficient is introduced and the search window is varied in inverse proportion to it. The algorithm has been tested with stereo images and the results demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. The algorithm also can be applied to a wide range of image pairs including those with large disparity or without rectification even if part of the images is less textured. In particular, with big images and a large disparity range our algorithm turns out to be significantly faster.
An adaptive overload management strategy for periodic real-time tasks

By analyzing the relationships of preemption and abortion among the jobs of the real-time tasks, the overload management strategy (OMS) divides the jobs into two types: steady-finished-jobs and absolute-aborted-jobs. While scheduling the jobs, the steady-finished-jobs are released and the absolute-aborted-jobs are rejected. In this way, the cascaded preemption among the jobs could be avoided. Also, the system resource could be efficiently utilized. The results of the simulation show that, the OMS could adaptively deal with the static or dynamic task set. Additionally, by applying OMS, the scheduling algorithms can obviously improve the performance of the real-time system.
Atmospheric-Pressure Diffuse Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge Plasma Generated by Bipolar Nanosecond Pulse in Nitrogen and Air

A bipolar high-voltage pulse with 20-ns rising time is employed to generate diffuse dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma with very low gas temperature in both nitrogen and air using a wire-plate electrode configuration at atmospheric pressure. Both the diffuse nanosecond pulsed discharge images and the optical emission spectra are recorded successfully. The gas temperatures of the nitrogen and air discharge plasmas are determined at 400 ± 5 K and 320 ± 5 K. The effects of discharge gap distance, pulse peak voltage, and pulse repetition rate on the emission intensities of NO (<i>A</i><sup>2</sup>Σ→ <i>X</i><sup>2</sup>Π), OH (<i>A</i><sup>2</sup>Σ→ <i>X</i><sup>2</sup>Π, 0 - 0) , N<sub>2</sub> (<i>C</i><sup>3</sup>Π<sub>u</sub> → <i>B</i><sup>3</sup>Π<sub>g</sub>) , and N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>(<i>B</i><sup>2</sup>Σ<sub>u</sub><sup>+</sup> → <i>X</i><sup>2</sup> Σ<sub>g</sub><sup>+</sup>, 0 - 0, 391.4 nm) in both nitrogen and air are investigated, respectively. The effects of O<sub>2</sub> and Ar on discharge images and the emission intensities in nitrogen are obtained. It is found that the emission intensities rise with increasing pulse peak voltage, pulse repetition rate, and the concentration of argon but decrease with increasing the discharge gap distance and the concentration of oxygen. The main physicochemical processes involved are discussed.
An effective non-HT circle detection for centers and radii

We present a non-HT circle detection algorithm applied to search the centers and radii of circular or partially circular components present in the image. The line coincident with the gradient vector of each edge point and passing through the corresponding edge point is defined first. Then, for every pixel in the image, the number of the lines passing through this pixel is defined as the energy of the pixel. The feature circle energy (FCE) distribution map of the whole image is therefore obtained and the local maxima are corresponding to the centers of potential circles. For the detection of radius, the gradient magnitudes in assigned region are accumulated and its variation defined as the feature circle radius (FCR) is computed who has maximum when the radius of the region is equal to that of the circle. Synthetic images and natural images are used to test the capability of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the presented algorithm has excellent performance for detection of single circle, multiple circles, concentric circles and partial circles, and also good accuracy despite the presence of different noises.
Automatic train control-an intelligent approach

In this paper, the two-leveled hierarchical intelligent control system structure, which is based on the process partition (PP) and expert system (ES) techniques, and the intelligent multiobjective optimal control (IMOC) approach, which is the combination of PP, ES and the fuzzy multiobjective optimal control (FMOC), are proposed. Then IMOC is used to implement the intelligent control of train travelling process, and the proposed intelligent automatic train control system (IATCS) is given in detail. The simulation results have proved the feasibility of the paradigm proposed.<<ETX>>
Initial investigation of channel capacity for galvanic coupling human body communication

Human Body Communication (HBC), which utilizes the human body as communication channel to convey health informatics, is a prospective communication technique for implantable and surface-mounted medical devices. In this article, we have applied Shannon's theorem to derive the channel capacity for the general galvanic coupling HBC channel. The channel characteristics and channel model of general galvanic coupling HBC channel are firstly discussed. Based on this channel model, the channel capacity is derived. By using the water-filling algorithm, the HBC channel capacity is estimated and the suitable frequency bands for low power data transmission in both on-body and in-body HBC channels are found. The results can provide suggestion for better system design.
Automatic UWB clusters identification

Clustering phenomenon exists in the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) impulse responses. Although it is feasible to manually identify clusters via visual inspection, this task becomes very difficult and time consuming when a large amount of data needs to be processed. Furthermore, visual inspection highly depends on the person who performs the cluster identification task, which may cause inconsistent or unrepeatable results. In this paper, we propose an automatic procedure to identify clusters in UWB impulse responses. The algorithm takes both the amplitude and time delay into account when finding the clusters. The algorithm performs well. If the threshold is set correctly, there will not be any error.
R&D of versatile distributed e-home healthcare system for cardiovascular disease monitoring and diagnosis

The vigorous development of electronic health (e-health) breeds many healthcare applications, such as telemedicine and healthcare monitoring. Yet these applications confront generic challenges of network dependence and medical personnel necessity which dramatically hinders the popularization and universality of e-health services. This paper presents a versatile distributed e-home healthcare system as a solution to mitigate this situation. The dedicated system organically integrates comprehensive functions, such as pervasive health status monitoring, remote healthcare data access, point-of-care signal interpretation and diagnosis, disease-driven uplink update and synchronize (UUS), as well as emergency management. Taking advantage of the system-level hierarchical diagnosis, both on-line and locally off-line diagnoses are provided with ranked accuracy for the users, thus satisfying various user demands in different cases.
A real-time eye detection system based on the active IR illumination

Non-intrusive real-time eye detection is widely used in vision-based man-machine interaction. These methods based on IR illumination have little sensitivity to lighting condition change and complicated background environments. In this paper, we present the realization of eye detection system based on active IR illumination. The inner and outer rings of IR LEDs illuminated the eyes and generated two kinds of pupil images: bright and dark pupil images. The IR LEDs were controlled by the even/odd video signal information. It was easy to get the eye position by difference the image of bright and dark pupil images. Experimental results using real images demonstrated the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution.
Broadband microstrip-line-fed wide slot antenna with improved patterns

A novel wide slot antenna with two strips within the circular slot is proposed, which achieves a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.2-11.5 GHz, enough to cover the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency band ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz defined by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). With the help of the two strips, the radiation pattern can be quite stable across the whole operating band. Moreover, the proposed antenna has a small size and high gain of 5 ± 2 dBi.