nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Self-Focusing Acoustic Transducer That Exploits Cytoskeletal Differences for Selective Cytolysis of Cancer Cells

Biophysical effects of ultrasonic energy in tissue include changes induced by heat, cavitation, and body force (radiation energy). Conventional acoustic devices generate low-frequency (1-4 MHz) high-intensity acoustic waves (> 103 W/cm2), which cause tissue destruction primarily through thermal or cavitation effects. However, these effects may be difficult to precisely control and not specific for cancerous cells over normal tissue. Here, we describe the design, fabrication, and therapeutic potential of high-frequency (18-MHz) acoustic irradiation with a self-focusing acoustic transducer (SFAT). A surface micromachining technique was used on a piezoelectric substrate to produce a SFAT device capable of focusing acoustic energy within an area of 100 μm in diameter at the 800-μm focal length. As we sought to minimize potentially nonspecific heat or cavitation effects by acoustic irradiation, operational parameters were chosen to study bioeffects of the device in the absence of tissue heating or biological effects due to cavitation. By varying the acoustic energy, we identified an acoustic intensity threshold (AIT) of 0.15 W/cm2 at 17.3 MHz, sufficient to cause this cytolysis effect in human prostate cancer cells 22RV1 without heat or cavitation. Next, we compared the AIT in various cell lines representative of benign and malignant prostate, breast, and skin cells and observed lower AITs in cancer cells over nonmalignant variants. As decreased stiffness (increased compliance) is a biomechanical characteristic, which differs between malignant and nonmalignant cell lines, we hypothesized that a less organized actin cytoskeletal pattern, which is known to be associated with decreased cell stiffness, would correlate with changes in the AIT. Actin staining of cytoskeletal structures confirmed an association between a pattern of diffuse and less organized actin filaments with decreased AIT. Moreover, the same trend of decreased actin organization and decreased AIT was observed following treatments that changed actin patterns in the MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line. These results suggest that biomechanical properties make malignant cells specifically sensitive to cytolysis caused by this form of acoustic energy. In summary, we describe a miniaturized acoustic transducer capable of producing a heatless and cavitation-free, cancer-specific focused cytolysis by direct body force (radiation pressure) effects alone. Ultimately, this device may lead to a miniaturized cancer-treatment system that can be used to focally and specifically ablate cancerous tissue with microscopic precision.
A study of reputation measurement system of construction agency in government investment project

The trusting and cooperative relation between government principal and Construction Agency (CA) which based on the reputation effect from repeated game of principal and agent is a long-term incentive mechanism in government investment project. The importance of reputation effect is increasing in the construction agency competition, and the selection of CA based on reputation need an effective measurement of the reputation for CA. The paper analyzed components and driving factors of CA reputation, establishing CA reputation measurement indexes system and model from the view of stakeholders. However the measurement indexes should need further empirical study. Only by this the reputation evaluations can be introduced into CA Market Access management in order to establish a kind of cooperative relation in CA market and make it more perfect.
Notice of RetractionApoptosis Induced by Actinomycin D in Spodoptera litura Cells and the Effect of Two Insect Hemolymph on Apoptosis

Actinomycin D induced apoptosis in cells of the Lepidopteran Spodoptera litura cell. By 24h after a actinomycin D treatment, the observation of the microscope and DAPI staining revealed that the cells showed classical morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as plasma bleeding, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies. An oligomeric DNA ladder was observed in SL-1 cells treated with 200ng/mL or higher concentration of actinomycin D. Flow cytometric analysis revealed apoptotic behavior of 10.4%, 15.6%, 36.4% and 74.8% in cells treated with 50ng/mL, 100ng/mL,200ng/mL and 500ng/mL actinomycin D by 24 hr after treatment. With the increase of actinomycin D concentration, the rates of cells undergoing apoptosis gradually increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptosis induced by actinomycin D in SL-1 cells was significantly inhibited when cells were cultured in medium containing either Spodoptera exigua hemolymph or Helicoverpa armigera hemolymph. Effect of apoptosis-inhibition enhanced with the increase of hemolymph concentration. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentages of apoptosis were 32.9 ± 0.5% 15.7 ± 0.7% and 8.9 ± 0.4% respectively when cells grown in medium containing 1% 3% and 5% Spodoptera exigua hemolymph and the percentages of apoptosis were 36.9 ± 0.5% 20.3 ± 0.7% and 17.0±1.0% when the cells grown in medium containing 1 %, 3% and 5% Helicoverpa armigera hemolymph, respectively. The activity of caspase-3-like in cells cultured in medium containing insect hemolymph markedly decreased. The inhibitory effect of Spodoptera exigua hemolymph on apoptosis was stronger than that of Helicoverpa armigera hemolymph.
A Multi-objective Cooperative Coevolutionary Algorithm for Constructing Accurate and Interpretable Fuzzy systems

A novel approach to construct accurate and interpretable fuzzy classification system based on the multi-objective cooperative coevolutionary algorithm (MOCCA) is proposed in this paper. First, feature selection is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data in order to both improve the performance and reduce computational effort. Then the fuzzy clustering algorithm is employed to identify the initial fuzzy system. Third, the MOCCA with three species is carried out to evolve the initial fuzzy system to optimize its structures and parameters. In MOCCA, the interpretability-driven simplification techniques are used to reduce the fuzzy system, thus the interpretability of the fuzzy system is improved; the number of rules, the antecedents of the fuzzy rules and the parameters of the antecedents are optimized simultaneously. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to six benchmark problems, and the results show its validity.
Room temperature ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of mesoporous γ-alumina

In this Letter, mesoporous γ-aluminas have been successfully synthesised by calcining self-synthesised alumina sol in the presence of room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. N2-adsorption measurements presented that the ionic liquid had a significant influence on the textural structure of the final product. Aluminas prepared in this way displayed very rich porosities with large mesopores. As the ionic liquid concentration (IL/Al molar ratio) increased successively from 0 to 0.10, the products showed much larger pore volumes (0.30–1.26 cm3/g) and higher specific surface areas (247–339 m2/g). X-ray diffraction patterns and 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that the self-synthesised alumina sol first transformed into boehmite phase and then became well-crystallised γ-alumina particles by calcining at 500°C.
A linear phased array with reconfigurable dynamic Yagi-Uda patch antenna elements

Phased array with wide scanning angle is important to radars, satellite communications and wireless communications. A linear phased array with reconfigurable dynamic Yagi-Uda patch antenna (RDYPA) elements is proposed. The array element consists of one driven patch and some/no parasitic patches/patch. By adjusting the states of array elements, three array modes can be achieved. At each mode, the element has different parasitic patches. The phased array is investigated by simulation and measurement. The simulated scanning angle of the array can cover an elevation range from -72° to 64° by combining three modes and changing the excited phases of elements, with a maximum side lobe level (SLL) less than -7 dB and gain fluctuation less than 1 dB.
Indexing Method for Hyperspectral Data Fast Retrieval by Pyramid Technique

Hyperspectral data indexing and corresponding query processing techniques are of particular interest in a wide range of application such as content-based remote sensing image retrieval system, ground feature discrimination, classification and recognition in remote sensing images. The Pyramid Technique is an effective high-dimensional data mapping method, by which high-dimensional space point can be mapped to one-dimensional space to exploit one-dimensional indexing structure such as the B+-tree. In this paper, we present a new approach for fast indexing the hyper-spectral data based on the Pyramid Technique, and further propose new algorithms to process k Nearest Neighbor queries and spectral partial feature queries. Experiment results on hyper-dimensional spectral database demonstrated that our hyperspectral data indexing scheme can efficiently implement various querying tasks and can be widely employed in many real-time hyperspectral remote sensing applications.
Construction of structured low density lattice codes based on finite fields

Finite fields were successfully used to construct algebraic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, especially Quasi-Cyclic LDPC codes. These LDPC codes with large minimum distances have lower error floor, linear complexity of encoding and are more practical for hard-decision algebraic decoding. In this paper, we show that finite fields can also be successfully used to construct algebraic low-density lattice codes (LDLC), denoted by structured LDLC. A general framework to construct algebraic LDLC is presented. LDLC constructed by this general framework have comparable performance to the corresponding random codes over addition white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with iterative soft-decision decoding in terms of symbol-error probability. Furthermore, the general framework is extended to complex low-density lattice codes (CLDLC) and results in algebraic CLDLC which perform very well for small dimensions.
Performance of quasi-constant envelope phase modulation through nonlinear radio channels

The paper studies the performance of phase modulation through a fully saturated power amplifier and AWGN channel for broadband wireless systems. A nonlinear model for the fully saturated power amplifier is derived. The equivalent impulse response method is provided to analyze the SNR degradation. Both convolutional code and turbo code are used. Viterbi decoding and iterative decoding are employed, respectively. Near optimal BER performance is achieved employing either convolutional code or turbo code. The simulation results match the derivation. Therefore, it is practical to employ phase modulation and fully saturated power amplifiers in broadband wireless/satellite networks and sensor networks for ideal battery life, low cost and high terminal reliability.
A new circle detection method based on parallel operator

The parallel operator and a new circle detection method based on it are proposed in this paper which will be applied to locate circles in an image. When point A and point B are parallel pair points, the distance from A to the orientation line of B equates to that from B to the orientation line of A, and still equates to that between A and B, which is based on parallel operator. The circle detection method is constructed by the following four steps: (1) For the image, parallel operator is applied to obtain parallel pair points. (2) Compute the midpoints of the two pair points, get the midpoints energy map and determine the local maxima for locating the potential centers. (3) For each candidate center, compute the radii histogram, and whose value satisfies the threshold restriction is considered as potential radius. (4) For each center and corresponding radius, the number of points on the circle edge and the radius satisfies the threshold restriction is verified as true circle. Synthetic images and natural images are used to test the capability of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that parallel operator has excellent detection accuracy and noise resistance, and the circle detection method has excellent performance for the detection of single circle, multiple circles, concentric circles and partial circles, and also good accuracy despite the presence of different noises.
A commercial real estate investment analysis from CBR approach

Commercial real estate investment analysis is very important for the commercial real estate industry, which is influenced by a series of complicated and various factors. Previous research emphasized on a certain part of the investment analysis, such as, commercial real estate's market position, location, marketing strategy, risk control. Most of present works are to establish evaluation index system for investment analysis, which cannot give valuable suggestions before the investment project is proposed. In this paper, CBR method is adopted to support the investment analysis. Two feature attribute sets are set up to represent each commercial real estate investment case, and a case retrieval mechanism integrate with fuzzy-AHP is designed to search the similar case. In addition, the case-base has the ability of self-learning through case retaining and case updating. An example is provided to explain the feasibility and efficiency of the CBR system.
A stochastic model for performance and energy consumption analysis of rejuvenation and migration-enabled cloud

In the cloud computing paradigm, periodical rejuvenation serves as a preventive measure consolidates robustness and performance through refreshing cloud data-centers or machines. Another factor that influences system performance is VM migration, which transports VMs from a physical machine to another. In this work, we propose a comprehensive framework to model and evaluate performance and energy consumption of cloud-based systems with rejuvenation, migration, failure, and repair. The accuracy and correctness of the proposed model and analysis method are validated by discrete-event simulation.
Fault detection of urban rail vehicle suspension system based on acceleration measurements

This paper concerns the fault detection issue of urban rail vehicle suspension systems. The underlying vehicle system are equipped with only accelerator sensors in the four corners of the carbody, the front and trail bodgie, respectively. A mathematical model is developed for the considered vehicle suspension system. The faults considered are the vertical damper fault and vertical spring fault. A Kalman filter is applied to generate the residual and its change is detected by using the GLRT method for fault detection. When there is a detectable fault, the detector sends an alarm signal if the residual evaluation is larger than a predefined threshold. By using the professional multi-body simulation tool, SIMPACK, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation results for several fault scenarios.
ISAR imaging of rotating target with UWB pulse-type radar

Conventional microwave imaging methods are mostly of frequency-domain using chirp signals or step frequency signals and rely on fast Fourier transformation. However, it is rather difficult to make motion compensation for frequency-domain algorithm, and contrarily the time-domain algorithm does not impose severe limitations on the trajectory of the imaging target. ISAR imaging system based on Ultra-Wideband pulse-type radar, utilizing UWB pulse signal and time-domain back projection algorithm, allows high-resolution imaging of close-range and high-angle-of-rotation target. Aiming at the imaging procedure of the turntable target, in this paper, the echo waveform generation and imaging algorithm are simulated and then real-imaging is conducted using actual-measured data. The imaging results validate the reliability of the algorithm and provide the basis for the subsequent imaging target recognition and analysis.
An improved method for downscaling soil moisture retrieved by SMOS with MODIS LST/NDVI

One main objective of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) is to provide observations of global soil moisture. The resolution of L-band radiometer carried by SMOS is about 50 km resolution, which is rather coarse for many applications. The method based on `universal triangle' has been used on downscaling soil moisture retrieved by SMOS with L-band brightness temperature. Consider the senor carried by SMOS is the L-band multi-angular dual polarization radiometer, this paper presents an improved method for downscaling Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS (CATDS) L3 soil moisture by using MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) /NDVI and SMOS dual polarization brightness temperature. Southwest of China is selected as the study area and ground based soil moisture from Maqu monitor network is used to compare with the SMOS CATDS soil moisture at 25 km and the downscaled soil moisture. The results show that the improved method could improve the result with R2 from 0.15 to 0.25. High resolution brightness temperature used in the method is obtained from SMOS CATDS brightness temperature at 25 km and causes error during the experiment.
Microstrip directional coupler with flat coupling and high isolation

Based on the open-circuited slotline to realise capacitive compensation, a microstrip directional coupler with high isolation is investigated. Meanwhile, by adding external matching networks at the input/output ports, bandwidth is enhanced and a flat coupling is obtained. Centred at 2.4 GHz, a 3 dB directional coupler is designed, fabricated and examined. Both simulated results and measured data are presented, and good agreement between them is observed.
Design and implementation of RLS identification algorithm based on FPGA

The RLS identification algorithm has been widely used in many fields. FPGA implements RLS algorithm parallel and pipeline. In this paper, we build the RLS algorithm model using DSP Builder based on the circuit model of fuel cell stack, and then use collected voltage and current data to simulate. Results prove the correctness of the design, and that it is simpler and faster by using DSP Builder to implement RLS algorithm.
Camera calibration experiment based on Harris algorithm

The camera calibration is a hot issue in the field of photogrammetry. A chessboard plane is introduced to simplify the difficulty of calibration. In this paper, first, corners of chessboard are detected by Harris. Then, geometrical relationships are calculated between image plane and the three-dimensional space. Finally, the intrinsic and external parameters of the camera are calibrated based on camera model. Experimental results show that the method is effective.
FIR digital filters design based on Chaotic Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization

The design of FIR digital filters in nature is a problem of multi-parameters non-linear optimization. In this paper, a novel method based on chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization (CPSO) was proposed to design FIR digital filters. First, chaotic mutation, which behaves excellent in local searching, was introduced to improve the performance of the standard PSO. Then, the new algorithm was employed to find the optimal solution of FIR coefficients. Simulation results show that CPSO has the advantages of more stability, higher optimizing precision and strong global searching capability which makes it an efficient and alternative approach for FIR filters design.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy identification method of Hammerstein model

In this paper, adaptive neuro-fuzzy identification is investigated for the Hammerstein model, which consists of the cascade structure of a static nonlinearity followed by a linear dynamic part. Utilizing the approximation ability of neuro-fuzzy for the nonlinear static function, there is no need for prior knowledge and restriction on static nonlinear function. Furthermore, an adaptive algorithm designed by Lyapunov stability theory is proposed to obtain the neuro-fuzzy Hammerstein model. Example is used to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed neuro-fuzzy Hammerstein model
A study of dual-mode patch resonator-based microwave filters

Based on the theoretical formulation of the electromagnetic field distributions within a square patch resonator, an equivalent circuit and corresponding coupling model of the patch resonator for dual-mode filter operations are first constructed. Then, a circular hole (called as a perturbation element) etched on the patch itself with symmetric or antisymmetric to the excitation ports is studied. Further, the hole is shifted to the ground plane, and the effect of the revised structure on the electric performance is investigated in this paper. To validate the study, several demonstrator filters are presented and compared. Results show good consistency between the predicated data and the measured performance.
A novel approach to UWB millimeter high resolution range detection

The Non-linear Gaussian Recursive Algorithm (NGRA) is a novel algorithm that solves some of the known short range radar impairments. These short range radar impairments include clutter, overlapping echo pulses, antenna pulse distortion, and poor distance resolution. The NGRA accurately models the source signal and subtracts it from the original signal which allows for additional peaks to be detected. In order to model the primary signal and its side lobes, a sum of Gaussian model was chosen. To estimate the models coefficients a non-linear fit algorithm is required using initial conditions generated from a peak detector. The coefficients from the model provide location information and distance resolution beyond the limitations of the sampling rate of the captured data. Through experimentation the NGRA algorithm was proven to be accurate and reliable, achieving between one to eight percent error rates.
Control-oriented modeling and characteristic analysis of an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle

This paper describes a physics-based model (PBM) of the longitudinal dynamics for airbreathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV), and then by linearizing the PBM, it is concluded that the flight control system of the vehicle is a typical open-loop unstable system. The short period mode includes of a stable and an unstable pole, which is coupled with the first three modes of vibration. Although the PBM captures the coupling effects among the aerodynamic, propulsive system and flexible airframe in the longitudinal motion of AHV, it is not tractable for control design. Thus, by replacing the complicated computation of the forces, thrust and moment with curve-fitted approximations, and employing the same equations of motion as the PBM, this paper develops a control-oriented model of AHV. The coefficients of the fit are determined with the least squares (LS) method. Finally, it is verified that the control-oriented model provides a useful approximations of the PBM dynamics.
Intelligent switching system methodology and its application in complex process control system

The switching system can be viewed as a kind of hybrid system because it has both continuous state variables and discrete state variables. Viewing the controller as hierarchical, then the switch strategy belongs to the higher hierarchy. It represents the intelligent factors and plays a key role in system performance. In this paper, the intelligent switching system methodology is researched, and the DESSC (Discrete event system supervisor and controller) is constructed with an intelligent method. A coke oven is used as the control object. Based on the analysis of the coke oven heating process and its state partition, the control strategy of intelligent switching systems is used which can effectively resolve process control problems of the complex system with large time-delay, realize coke oven automatic heating control, and good performance of control can be obtained.