nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of smurf flooding attacks using Kullback-Leibler-based scheme

Reliable and timely detection of cyber attacks become indispensable to protect networks and systems. Internet control message protocol (ICMP) flood attacks are still one of the most challenging threats in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. This paper proposed an approach based on Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) to detect ICMP-based Denial Of service (DOS) and Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) flooding attacks. This is motivated by the high capacity of KLD to quantitatively discriminate between two distributions. Here, the three-sigma rule is applied to the KLD distances for anomaly detection. We evaluated the effectiveness of this scheme by using the 1999 DARPA Intrusion Detection Evaluation Datasets.
Head pose recognition in advanced Driver Assistance System

Real-time head pose recognition is an important function of Advanced Driver Assistance System that need to consider the driver's intention. The majority of early head pose recognition techniques utilize multi-axis sensors or 2D camera images to estimate the head pose in 3D space. When running the head pose recognition systems, the driver has to carry a device with multi-axis sensors or the system needs preprocessing images which are taken from a 2D camera. In this paper, an algorithm is developed to utilize head pose Euler angles from the software development kit of the 3D camera (Intel RealSense SDK) to estimate driver's head pose and interested area without preprocessing images. Besides, the algorithm only uses a 3D camera (Intel RealSense F200) as the sensor without any wearable devices. The proposed system is evaluated by using the Intel Edison board to control different LEDs which presented which area driver is interested in. The experimental results showed that the system recognized the driver's interested area effectively.
Static Magnetic Field Helmet for brain injury rehabilitation

This paper will focus on the development of a Static Magnetic Field (SMF) home-based device prototype and the initial clinical trial conditions for the fine-tuning and feasibility of such a device. The SMF Helmet will utilize static magnetic fields and will achieve a frequency component by reversing the fields regularly via mechanically flipping magnets. Optimal field intensity, positioning, and duration of stimulation will be assessed in voluntary, healthy-person clinical trials before being applied to larger-scale, blind trials to measure effectiveness towards stroke rehabilitation.
The laboratory environment of the URI Integrated Computer Engineering Design (ICED) curriculum

While many computer engineering curricula contain significant design projects encompassing either hardware or software, most do not integrate these experiences, are short-term in nature, lack exposure to industrial design tools, do not have hands-on experience, or lack continuity. URI's new ICED undergraduate curriculum addresses these issues through a comprehensive multi-year project. The project entails the design and construction of both the hardware and software of a computer, including the compiler, CPU, bus, memory, and I/O. An Ethernet-like network interface is also designed and built, and students' computers are interconnected. Hardware, software, and design-time tradeoffs are examined and made throughout the project. Computer engineering principles come to life in the investigation and design of real and integrated hardware and software. This paper describes the laboratory environment of the ICED curriculum. The pedagogical use of industrial CAD logic design and synthesis tools at multiple levels is given, including: state machine, VHDL, and gate levels. The physical hardware used to realize the system's logical design is discussed, including the use of both a high-density field programmable gate array (FPGA) and discrete digital and analog circuits. Mechanisms are described that provide correlation between analog signals, digital signals, corresponding assembly code, and high-level source code. Thus, the student is able to intimately investigate and to understand the impact of hardware, application software and compiler design decisions on computer system performance and cost.
Cross-searching strategy for multi-objective particle swarm optimization

The main difference between an original PSO (single-objective) with a multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) is the local guide (global best solution) distribution must be redefined in order to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions (Pareto front). In MOPSO, the selection of local guide for particles will direct affect the performance of finding Pareto optimum. This paper presents a local guide assignment strategy for MOPSO called cross-searching strategy (CSS) which will distribute suitable local guides for particles to lead them toward to Pareto front and also keeping diversity of solutions. Experiments were conducted on several test functions and metrics from the standard literature on evolutionary multi-objective optimization. The results demonstrate good performance of the CSS for MOPSO in solving multi-objective problems when compare with recent approaches of multi-objective optimizer.
Is Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity a Good Proxy for Financial Constraints? Evidence from Listed Companies in Manufacturing Sector of China

this article aims to study the question that whether the investment-cash flow sensitivity is a good proxy for financial constraints, based on the special system background of China. The study introduces uncertain variables into the accelerator model and uses the data of listed companies in manufacturing sector of China. The sample data is classified by country share proportion, return on equity and gross asset scale. Empirical tests show that the relationship between investment-cash flow sensitivity and financial constraints is uncertain and FHP does not get support in terms of those three dimensions. The conclusion is that Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity is not a good proxy for Financial Constraints when the research integrated with factors of China's special institutional system, policy and market.
Heart rate monitoring during physical exercise

To improve the signal-to-noise ratio for heart rate monitoring during exercise, a multitude of photoplethysmographic sensors were employed. To eliminate motion artifacts due to physical exercise a nonlinear signal processing algorithm was implemented in an embedded processor. Preliminary results demonstrated accurate heart rate detection through two pairs of reflective sensors on the radial and ulnar arteries at the wrist. Photoplethysmography is a common technique for monitoring heart rates.
A Silicone Human Head Model for Testing Acoustic Properties of the Upper Airway

The purpose of this project is to create an actual-size, anatomically accurate human head model that contains a void for the upper airway. The model is intended to be used for studying the acoustic properties of the breathing sound. The model was constructed with silicone rubber that has acoustic properties similar to those of soft tissues. The main challenge of the project was to construct the model with a single, homogenous piece of silicone, which is necessary to avoid any interface affecting the sound transmission. The model included the head, portion of the neck containing the suprasternal notch, a functioning airway with nasal and oral passageways, sinuses, and the trachea. A technique developed in this study was the development of an airway model made of gelatin. The gelatin model occupied the space in the head model mold when silicone rubber was poured. The gelatin was later removed by boiling the model in water to leave the void of the airway inside the model.
Research on Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Based on Minimal Cost for Electronic Commerce

Currently, logistics Companies of Electronic Commerce face with modern market of multiple batches, small volume, high time requirement and individuation demand. The optimization model of vehicle scheduling based on traditional shortest vehicle route is difficult to satisfy the factual requirement of logistics distribution under electronic commerce. Since it excessively emphasizes the principle of shortest route, there has a risk of good delivery delay which may cause high distribution cost or losing competition ability. Considering the characteristics of logistics distribution under electronic commerce, the traditional vehicle scheduling model is modified in order to reduce the distribution cost, and the objective function is also modified based on minimum expense. Furthermore, in order to improve the distribution service quality and market competition, maximum work time, more vehicle types, vehicle load capacity restrictions, maximum running distance and others are added in restraint conditions which will also improve the applicability and universal characteristics of model. Because vehicle scheduling problem is NP puzzle, the optimization solution is obtained by improved genetic algorithm: using customer natural number when encoding the chromosomes to simplify the problem and improve the searching efficiency of genetic algorithm; using individual amount control selection game in order to guarantee colony diversity; using partially matched crossover to improve convergent speed of algorithm so as to better solve the inconsistency between diversity and convergent speed; using 2-exchange mutation strategy to strengthen the partial searching ability of chromosome and improve the convergent speed of algorithm. Finally, the good performance of the improved algorithm can be proved by experimental results and concrete examples.
Threshold exploration via particle swarm optimizer at profitable wavelet decomposition for noise reduction

Recently, the research which based on wavelet representation to reduce noise has gotten a lot of attention. The most typical method, universal threshold proposed by Donoho, and its derivative methods have verified their efficiency on varied applications. Some settings which are signal-dependence are critical; however, they were usually given by trial and error or a rough estimate in existing algorithms. This paper addresses the assumption that source signals and additive noise are mutually independent to deal with de-noisy problem without extra prior knowledge. First, the objective function developed from a technique of blind source separation (BSS) is applied on particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to guide the determination of wavelet threshold. Second, the evaluation which is able to determine the most profitable decomposition scale for de-noisy is proposed. Therefore, the best performance of de-noisy could be obtained. In order to confirm the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, several simulations which include four benchmarks with different noise degree are designed. The performance of proposed algorithm further compared with that of other existing algorithms.
Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of long non-coding RNAs in cereals

We identified lncRNA candidates in four economically important cereals (Poaceae): 7,196 in Zea mays, 1,974 in Sorghum bicolor, 4,236 in Setaria italica and 2,542 in Oryza sativa, using computational methods; we then compared these RNAs across the species. Our approach involved screening a reference-guided transcriptome assembly of RNA-Seq data for RNAs that were at least 200 bases in length with at most 70 amino acids in open reading frames and with a lack of homology in the Uniprot database. A sequence composition analysis of the lncRNA candidates, in comparison to protein-coding transcripts, highlighted distinctive features, including a low GC content, a paucity of introns and a hexamer usage bias, consistent with what has been found for mammalian lncRNAs. RepeatMasker identified from 1% (rice) to 19% (maize) of the candidate lncRNAs as being transcribed from transposable elements, based on a dataset with 3,853 transposable elements. We compared the candidate lncRNAs with 25,141 miRNAs from miRBase, and found that less than 1% of them could be potential miRNA precursors. The cross-species comparisons, which included a sequence- and structure-based lncRNA homology search, synteny analysis, and lncRNA secondary structure prediction, uncovered some limited sequence similarity. In sub-regions, we predicted conserved secondary structures using covariation analysis. We used the comparative sequence and synteny analyses to predict the existence of lncRNAs in S. italica; experimental tests confirmed the presence of these RNAs. Our results are consistent with a model of very rapid evolution of lncRNAs.
Fault Diagnosis On Power Transformers Using Non-electric Method

This paper discussed four different no-electric methods for diagnosis and troubleshooting of the large power transformers, including electron microscopy, infrared thermograph (IRT), ICP plasma emission spectrum and biological technology used for oil analysis. Practice concluded that these approaches were effective in identifying the specific faults in the transformer tanks. Successful application of these approaches also showed that interdisciplinary collaboration is a good path to resolve complex technical problems on site
Non-fragile control for a class of networked switched fuzzy time-delay systems

The stabilization problem of a class of networked switched fuzzy time-delay systems is investigated under the assumption that the controller gain to be designed has variations, single-packet transmission, and network-induced delay less than one sampling period. The design method of the non-fragile state-feedback controllers and the switched laws is proposed based on parallel distributed compensation method and the multiple Lyapunov functions technique, such that the networked uncertain switched fuzzy time-delay system is globally asymptotically stable. A sufficient condition for the existence of non-fragile state-feedback controllers is given in terms of matrix inequalities. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the design method.
Reliable detection of abnormal ozone measurements using an air quality sensors network

Ozone pollution is one of the most important pollutants that have a negative effect on human health and the ecosystem. An effective statistical methodology to detect abnormal ozone measurements is proposed in this study. We used a Deep Belief Network model to account for nonlinear variation of ground-level ozone concentrations, in combination with a one-class support vector machine, for detecting abnormal ozone measurement. We assessed the efficiency of this methodology by using real data from a network of air quality monitoring systems in Isère, France. Results demonstrated the capability of the proposed strategy to identify abnormalities in ozone measurements.
First principles calculations of intrinsic breakdown in covalently bonded crystals

A first principles quantum-mechanical method has been developed for estimating intrinsic breakdown strength of insulating materials. The calculations are based on an average electron model which assumes breakdown occurs when the average energy gain from the electric field and phonon absorption exceeds average energy loss to phonons. Our approach is based on density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) and on the direct integration of electronic scattering probabilities over all possible final states, with no adjustable parameters. Computed intrinsic breakdown field is provided for several covalently bonded materials and compared with experimental data from the literature with good agreement. The numerical model provides physical insight into the material properties which affect breakdown.
Self-adjusting fuzzy controller application for linear induction motor control system

The mathematical model of linear induction motor (LIM) based on slip frequency type vector control system is established. A self-adjusting fuzzy controller (SAFC) is designed as magnetic thrust adjuster of the motor. The speed of the motor is adjusted by control magnetic thrust of the motor. The scheme of the slip frequency type vector control system of the LIM is obtained by observing the magnetic thrust. This is the system of the closed magnetic thrust loop and the open rotor magnetic flux loop. The Simulation model of the control system has been established by Matlab/Simulink. A series of simulation experiments have been carried out in motor starting and running under the unloading and loading condition. In comparison with the PI control system, the Self-adjusting Fuzzy control system indicated that the dynamic response performance of this system is enhanced, the speed ripple is effectually decreased and the robustness of the motor control system is improved by adjusting fuzzy control rule.
Design of ADSP-BF548 fatigue driving detection system based on eye features

To avoid traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving, this paper utilizes fatigue detection algorithm based on eye features to transplant on ADSP-BF548 hardware platform. The camera captures driver's face video in real time; it localizes driver's eye position and status via frame-difference projection, template matching and Kalman methods. At last, make a warning if driver's eye-close time proportion is more than the threshold in a period of time. The experiment shows this driver fatigue detection system based on ADSP-BF548 is of high accuracy and real-time.
Nonholonomic Path Planning Based on Virtual Obstacle in Circuit Map

The nonholonomic constraint in path planning of wheeled mobile robot is described by setting virtual obstacles in circuit map. Virtual obstacles arc supposed to limit the motion direction and posture in the directions that the robots or vehicles cannot move under nonholonomic constraints. The results of path planning based on virtual obstacle are kinematics traceable. And the parking posture and parallel parking in path planning of mobile robot and vehicle are solved.
Value-convergence Time Estimation of the First Order ACO on Deceptive Problems

This paper presents a first attempt towards the value-convergence time complexity analysis of colony optimization (ACO) on the first-order deceptive systems taking the n-bit trap problem as the test instance under consideration. We prove that time complexity of MMAS, which is an ACO with limitations of the pheromone on each edge, on n-bit trap problem is O(n2m.log n), here n is the size of the problem and m is the number of artificial ants. Our experimental results confirm the correctness of our analysis.
Design of dual-polarized differential feed dielectric resonator antenna

A cylindrical dual-polarizaed (DP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. The DP DRA excited by differential balanced probes which have the same magnitude and 180° phase difference. It is demonstrated that the balanced probes feed is an effective method for low cross-polarization antenna design. This banlanced fed DP antenna delivers good performance in terms of polarization purity and port isolation and indicating a low cross-polarization level of -34 dB and the worst isolation of 47 dB in the whole operating band. The DP antenna shows impedance bandwidth of 500 MHz (8.83%) centered at the frequency of 6.0 GHz for the return loss no more than -10 dB. Additionally, the symmetric radiation patterns for two ports are achieved in the broadside direction due to the symmetric balanced feeding mechanism.
Hardware Single-Switch Keyboard and Mouse Replacement for Computer Control

A practical, low-cost device is constructed to emulate a computer keyboard and mouse through a single-switch input. Most of the current single-switch computer interface designs focus on simplified hardware implementations with a major portion handled on the destination computer in software. Our device called the PowerKeyboard provides an operating system independent, hardware, single-switch interface for persons of limited mobility or a form of paralysis. A combination of scanning and scrolling techniques provide the available keystroke and mouse control commands on an Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The triggering of a switch transmits the selected action or executes a stored configuration command of the PowerKeyboard, such as scrolling rate. In this paper, we present the design of the Power Keyboard and compare it to existing designs.
Extended Power Flow Model of Bus Reactive Power Margin and Its Fast Algorithm

The maximum bus reactive power condition is given in the paper, which is deduced from the nature of Jacobian matrix singularity when bus reactive power reaching its limits. The extended power flow equations is also given, and the solution of the equations is just the power flow solution when bus reactive power reaching its limits. A mixed Newton algorithm which based on Broyden row modification is proposed in the paper. To avoid explicit calculating the derivative of the maximum bus reactive power condition, Broyden row modification method is used to approximate it, so the computation burden is deduced significantly. Numerical test in two actual systems and several IEEE test systems show that the proposed method can obtain bus reactive power margin only once extended power flow calculation needed, has fast calculation speed and as robust as QV curve method.
Study of the Three-Dimensional Lagrangian Model and Its Application in Jiaozhou Bay

Based on the established ECOM model, a Lagrangian particle model with variable boundary was developed and itpsilas applied in Jiaozhou Bay. The particle model included the advection and the diffusion process, of which the advection process was simulated with the certain method, and the diffusion process was simulated with the random walk method. The transfer character of the particle forced by M2 tide was discussed. The results showed that the model can simulate the transport process of the particle on the intertidal zone and show the effect of the turbulent diffusion on spreading particles throughout the estuary and speeding up the particle movement. From the results presented here, it has been proved that the Lagrangian particle model is applicability and has a large potential for simulating the transport process of contaminant, which has great value in the management of the marine environment in the estuary and coastal area.
A New Method of Depth Measurement with Binocular Vision Based on SURF

Binocular measurement system has a wide range of applications and becomes a hot research direction in recent years. Traditional feature extraction and matching methods limit its accuracy and robustness. In this paper, we propose a new method of binocular depth measurement based on Speed Up Robust Feature (SURF). Firstly, we extract SURF feature points from object original image as a standard feature database. Then, nearest neighbor method is used to find matching features in the right and left images. To eliminate error matching features, we propose to use Grubbs method to remove outliers of visual disparities. Finally, object depth is figured out by the binocular disparity. Experiments show its accuracy and robustness.
A force-clamp system with realistic waveforms for studying auxotonic contractions of muscles

To study the muscular mechanics, researchers have employed two standard methods of measuring the force-length relations of muscles. The first is to measure the muscle forces during an isometric contraction state, in which the length is kept unchanged. The second is to make these measurements during an isotonic contraction state, in which the force is kept constant and the length of the muscle allowed to change. Certain muscle groups, such as cardiac tissues, perform auxotonic contractions, which are neither isometric nor isotonic. In this study, a new type of force-clamp system has been developed to use realistic waveforms for studying the auxotonic contraction state of muscles. The system provides digital feedback controls of the length such that the contraction force can follow the time course of a prescribed waveform. The prescribed waveform can be set to various percentages of a previous recorded force waveform, thereby exploring the different states of auxotonic contraction.