nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Best basis search in lapped dictionaries

This paper proposes, analyzes, and illustrates several best basis search algorithms for dictionaries consisting of lapped orthogonal bases. It improves upon the best local cosine basis selection based on a dyadic tree , by considering larger dictionaries of bases. It is shown that this can result in sparser representations and approximate shift invariance. An algorithm that is strictly shift invariant is also provided. The experiments in this paper suggest that the new dictionaries can be advantageous for time-frequency analysis, compression, and noise removal. Accelerated versions of the basic algorithm are provided that explore various tradeoffs between computational efficiency and adaptability. It is shown that the proposed algorithms are in fact applicable to any finite dictionary comprised of lapped orthogonal bases. One such novel dictionary is proposed that constructs the best local cosine representation in the frequency domain, and it is shown that the new dictionary is better suited for representing certain types of signals.
A Robust Method for Characterization of Optical Waveguides and Couplers

We propose a simple yet powerful method to characterize waveguide propagation loss and 2 × 2 waveguide coupler's coupling coefficient simultaneously. The method, based on the spectrum analysis of transmission through an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer, requires only a single test structure and is insensitive to variation of input coupling losses. We show that, in most general cases, it is possible to determine both the propagation loss and the coupling of both couplers that can have different coupling coefficients.
Design and implementation of double base integer encoder in the flash ADC

The DBNR (Double Base Number Representation) has been known to represent the Multidimensional Logarithmic Number System for implementing the multiplier accumulator architecture of DSP (Digital Signal Processing). This paper also uses the DBNR to improve the bottleneck of DSP arithmetic circuits with the flash ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter). The Constraint algorithm is suggested to solve fan-in problem of the Greedy algorithm in designing encoder circuit of the flash ADC. The Constraint algorithm shows better performance in terms of layout area, power consumption, and operation speed, compared with the FAT tree encoder, which is known as the fastest encoder circuit yielding binary output.
Comparison of Omega-K and backprojection regarding spatial resolution for squinted spotlight SAR with motion errors

The image quality of an image processing technique in a real airborne spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar scenario mainly depends on its capability of correcting motion error effects. Therefore we compare the frequency domain imaging technique rotated Omega-K with explicit range cell migration correction with the time domain algorithm global Backprojection in their imaging quality by taking motion errors and scene size as well as the squint and the depression angles into account. The numerical investigations show that for a squint angle of 20° and a depression angle of 25° up to a limit of 5m motion error magnitude Omega-K yields good image quality in terms of Integrated Side Lobe Ratio for point targets with 200 m ground range distance to the spot center. For larger motion errors or larger scene sizes the Backprojection algorithm should be used to guarantee image quality with the disadvantage of higher computational costs.
Analysis of the Regional Ionosphere at Low Latitudes in Support of the Biomass ESA Mission

Biomass is a spaceborn polarimetric P-band (435 MHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in a dawn–dusk low Earth orbit. Its principal objective is to measure biomass content and change in all the Earth’s forests. The ionosphere introduces the Faraday rotation on every pulse emitted by low-frequency SAR and scintillations when the pulse traverses a region of plasma irregularities, consequently impacting the quality of the imaging. Some of these effects are due to total electron content (TEC) and its gradients along the propagation path. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the ionospheric morphology and dynamics is necessary to properly understand the impact on image quality, especially in the equatorial and tropical regions. To this scope, we have conducted an in-depth investigation of the significant noise budget introduced by the two crests of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) over Brazil and Southeast Asia. This paper is characterized by a novel approach to conceive a SAR-oriented ionospheric assessment, aimed at detecting and identifying spatial and temporal TEC gradients, including scintillation effects and traveling ionospheric disturbances, by means of Global Navigation Satellite Systems ground-based monitoring stations. The novelty of this approach resides in the customization of the information about the impact of the ionosphere on SAR imaging as derived by local dense networks of ground instruments operating during the passes of Biomass spacecraft. The results identify the EIA crests as the regions hosting the bulk of irregularities potentially causing degradation on SAR imaging. Interesting insights about the local characteristics of low-latitudes ionosphere are also highlighted.
An Assessment of Internet of Things Protocols for Resource-Constrained Applications

With the resource constraints of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, performance and energy efficiency have become an important IoT software design consideration while minimizing resource usages. To provide efficient communication for resource-constrained applications, several IoT protocols have been introduced, and yet there are few existing guidelines to help the programmer choose an appropriate communication protocol. To address this limitation, we evaluate five different communication protocols including CoAP, MQTT, MQTT-SN, WebSocket, and TCP. Our result can help IoT application programmers make informed decision when choosing communication protocols for their applications.
Adaptive neural networks dynamic surface control algorithm for 3 DOF surface ship

The paper presents a adaptive dynamic surface control method for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear system based on neural network. In the previous adaptive neural networks control proposed using backstepping, the number and complexity of intermediate variables increase as the increasing order of the system. This makes it difficult to achieve learning for the high-order strict-feedback systems due to “the explosion of complexity”. To overcome the difficulty, a stable adaptive neural DSC is proposed with auxiliary first-order filters. Due to the use of DSC, the derivative of the filter output variable is used as the NN input instead of the previous intermediate variables. This reduces greatly the dimension of NN inputs, especially for high-order systems. The controller is applied to 3 DOF surface ship model, which proposed by Fossen. The simulation results show the advantages of the proposed control algorithm and the using ability in practice.
Comparison of SC-FDM with OFDM in underwater acoustic communication system

Multiplex (SC-FDM) with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) for underwater acoustic communication. One of the drawbacks of OFDM transmission is the large variations in the instantaneous transmit power. This implies a reduced efficiency in power amplifiers and results in lower average power of the transmission signal. SC-FDM is utilized for 4G radio access technology such as Uplink communication of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in order to mitigate the above drawback of OFDM. Among the modulations in this communication system are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. Chu sequence is used as Pilots for SC-FDM both for Channel Estimation and Phase Compensation of Doppler shift. Both Field Experiment at sea port in Okinawa, Japan and computer simulation show the quantitative merits of SC-FDM than OFDM. Peak-to-average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal has been successfully reduced by 1.5–2.0 dB for various modulations and roughly 50% of communication distance can be extended.
3-D image presentation: new technique for hidden-surface removal in SIRDS algorithm

Displaying a real 3-D object with the vivid depth information is always a difficult and cost-consuming process. Representing 3-D scene with Single Image Random Dots Stereogram (SIRDS) is another case. With a practiced method of viewing, depth dimension can be easily obtained without requiring any special instrument. Hidden surface removal is an important phase in the implementation of the algorithm. It makes the autostereogram (product of the algorithm) more "random" but more truly reconstructs real 3-D world. It also decides the speed of the implementation. The paper proposes a new hidden surface removal technique, which shows its advantage in the two aforementioned aspects compared to the predecessors.
A genetic-based approach for discovering pathways in protein-protein interaction networks

This paper introduces an approach of using the genetic algorithm for orienting protein-protein interaction networks (PPIs) and discovering pathways. Biological pathways such as metabolic or signaling ones play an important role in understanding cell activities and evolution. A cost-effective method to discover such pathways is analyzing accumulated information about protein-protein interactions, which are usually given in forms of undirected networks or graphs. Previous findings show that orienting protein interactions can improve pathway discovery. However, assigning orientation for protein interactions is a combinatorial optimization problem which has been proved to be NP-hard, making it critical to develop efficient algorithms. For our proposal, we first study the mathematical model of the problem. Then, based on this model, a genetic algorithm is designed to find the solution for the problem. We conducted multiple runs on the data of yeast PPI networks to test the best option for the problem. The preliminary results were compared with the results of the random search algorithm, which was shown to the best in dealing with this problem, in terms of the run time, fitness function values, especially the ratio of gold standard pathways. The findings show that our genetic-based approach addressed this problem better than the random search algorithm did.
A study on floating unit motion control strategy

Energy companies today increasingly look offshore and head towards deeper waters to assist fueling modern society. Semisubmersibles and drill-ships are often used to prospect and produce in remote environments. The oil rigs should be essentially kept on target. In this paper, the authors solve the problem of designing a Position Mooring (PM) system for barge ship. A mathematical model of a system describing the interaction between an unactuated barge ship and mooring system is presented. A PID control scheme is implemented to achieve PM for the vessel by changing the tension of the mooring ropes. Additionally, a scale model ship is built to test the proposed strategy. Hydrodynamic coefficients of the low speed model for PM ship are identified by suitable experiments.
A monolithic integrated optoelectronic photoreceiver using an MSM detector

A high-speed monolithic optoelectronic photoreceiver designed specifically for optical interconnections is described. The photoreceiver uses an enhancement-depletion process rather than the conventional D-only technology, and is based on the pseudomorphic (lattice-mismatched) AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs materials system. An MSM (metal-semiconductor-metal) photodetector is integrated with a modulation-doped FET (MODFET) transimpedance amplifier, thus accomplishing both photodetection and preamplification, monolithically. The measured 3-dB bandwidth of the receiver ranges from 5.4 GHz at a gain of 31 dB to 2.0 GHz at 60 dB. From the measured 110-ps (FWHM) output pulse, the optical bandwidth is calculated to be 1.0 GHz.<<ETX>>
A new fuzzy logic approach for control system of wind turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator

This paper presents a new fuzzy-logic approach to control variable-speed wind turbine and a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This paper focuses on the implementation of the fuzzy controller for the active power and reactive power in slow wind speed. A vector control scheme is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme of vector control strategy allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive power as well as the rotor speed. In this work, a fuzzy-logic approach is proposed to control the DFIG. The paper describes a complete mathematical DFIG model. In this model, a rotor angular speed is controlled by pitch angle; the active and reactive power are controlled by rotor voltage, which goes through back-to-back PWM voltage source converter. In other way, DC-link voltage is also maintained stable. This new approach is validated by modeling using Matlab-Simulink software and results are shown.
Outlier Treatment for SLFNs in Classification

In past decades, the single-hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) have been frequently used to solve the classification problem. It can form decision regions with arbitrary shapes if activation functions of hidden nodes are chosen properly. However, in data collection and analysis there often exist outliers which affect the performance of classification. In order to enhance the classification performance of the SLFNs, it is important to detect and eliminate these outliers. In this paper, we propose an approach for outlier reduction based on distribution of every feature, in which scores are assigned to patterns. Patterns detected as outliers based on these scores will be eliminated from data set. One interesting observation is that, our approach can obtain high accuracy with fast learning speed if the training set exist patterns deviating from mainstream of the remaining of the data set.
A continuous-time direct RF-to-digital ΔΣ receiver

This paper presents a 3rd-order continuous-time direct RF-to-digital ΔΣ receiver architecture for flexible receivers. Adopted passive mixer with inherited high-Q bandpass filtering and passive integrator enables a low complexity and low power consumption implementation. Moreover, high flexibility can be achieved thanks to a flexible frequency plan of the architecture. In order to verify the features of this proposed architecture, a design example with 10 MHz useful baseband bandwidth and 0.4–4.0 GHz frequency range is conducted.
Adaptive neural fuzzy control for robot manipulator friction and disturbance compensator

This paper presents an application of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller for compensating friction and disturbance effects on robot manipulators. The frictions and disturbances are important parts of the dynamic system of a robot manipulator. However, they are highly nonlinear and not easily modeled. Feedback linearization control combined with PD type fuzzy control and adaptive neural network control are proposed to control robot manipulators with unmodeled frictions. The feedback linearization control is designed to control the trajectory of the robot manipulator while the PD type fuzzy control is added as a parallel controller to control frictions and disturbances. This fuzzy control ensures that good tracking control is maintained even if some modeling error, disturbance, noises exist. The neural network can also be trained with experimental data for the frictions and disturbances. Simulations show that the joint positions are well controlled under wide variation of operation conditions and existences of uncertainties.
A Software-Defined Networking Approach for Disaster-Resilient WANs

The current technology of Internet provides an acceptable level of resilience in normal operation. However, the Internet may get catastrophic impacts when unexpected disasters such as earthquakes, tsunami, etc. happen. Specifically, the Internet infrastructure including Wide Area Networks (WANs) face many challenges to normal operation including power outage, link, device failures, rerouting packets, traffic engineering, etc. In this paper, we follow a systematic approach for realizing disaster-resilient WANs using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology. SDN enables the network control plane to be decoupled from the network forwarding hardware, and moves the control plane to a programmable component, i.e., the network controller. The network management and operation therefore increase flexibility. To confirm the feasibility of SDN-based resilient network towards fast disaster recovery, we have constructed two evaluations under the real large scale network topology. One is to investigate the latencies between controllers and switches in order to find the appropriate number and locations of controllers. Another one is to simulate a reactive switch-over from a faulty link to an alternative link, assuming a realistic scenario. The results show that the switch-over time depends on the latencies between networking devices and a controller. Additionally, even those latency values equal the worst-case latency, the fast rerouting of TCP traffic is achievable.
Design of a new trading card for table-top augmented reality game environment

In this paper, we present a new type of trading card (called Stereo Cards) designed for a table-top Augmented Reality (AR) game environment. The main goal of Stereo Cards is to replace the current trading cards used in collectable card games such as Magic: The Gathering, YuGiOh, and Pokemon. The superior point of Stereo Cards is that they are computationally detectable and recognisable, e.g. they are numerically readable by computing devices equipped with conventional digital cameras or webcams. Therefore, Stereo Cards are not only suitable for collection purposes, but they are also ready for AR applications and games. In each card, we optically encode a unique error-correcting binary Golay code by pasting a series of stereo stripes over a portion of the original image. Even though some parts of the picture are lost, the Stereo Cards still maintain, on average, 75% of their original look. Further in this paper, we also describe a simple set-up of a table-top Stereo Cards game environment. From experiments conducted, our Stereo Cards are found to be relatively robust under various lighting conditions, and thus, could be useful in future trading card game tournaments.
An automatic control system applying decoupling control methodology for ship harbor maneuvers

Presented and discussed in this paper are mathematical model used for expressing ship motions, application of decoupling control methodology to construct the automatic control system and corresponding designing issues. Simulation results for a very large crude carriage (VLCC) in a typical harbor maneuver are given to verify the designing of the control method. Excellent effects of the automatic control system are showed by very good simulation results of ship motions during several 180 deg. turning maneuvers under various strong wind conditions. Robustness of the control system against parameters' uncertainty, strong environment disturbances such as strong wind and currents is also studies and presented in this paper.
Community evolution in a scientific collaboration network

A community in a network is a set of nodes with a larger density of intra-community links than inter-community links. Tracking communities in a network via a community life-cycle model can reveal patterns on how the network evolve. Previous models of community life-cycle provided a first step towards analyzing how communities change over time. We introduce an extended life-cycle model having the minimum community size as a parameter. Our model is capable of uncovering anomaly in community evolution and dynamics such as communities with stable or stagnant size. We apply our model to track, and uncover trends in, the evolution of communities of genetic programming researchers. The lifespan of a community measures how long it has lived. The distribution of lifespan in the network of genetic programming researchers is shown to be modeled as an exponential-law, a phenomenon yet to be explored in other empirical networks. We show that our parameter of minimum community size can significantly affect how communities grow over time. The parameter is fine-tuned to detect anomaly in community evolution.
Design and implementation of flash ADC and DBNS FIR filter

Digital signal processing (DSP) system has been widely used in telecommunication, audio, video, avionics, bio-medical instruments, and portable electronic products. However, DSP needs fast multipliers and adders to process signals at real time. The Double Base Number System (DBNS) can process arithmetic operation fast due to the multidimensional logarithmic number feature, which is suitable for multiplier accumulator architecture of DSP. This system can reduce the hardware complexity by inner product operation. This paper uses the DBNS to improve the DSP arithmetic operation speed with the flash ADC. A 6-bit flash ADC is designed with the 0.18 ??m CMOS technology. The HSPICE simulation of proposed coding technique shows 11% and 100% improvement in speed compared with FAT tree encoder and ROM based encoder respectively. In addition, the circuit saved up to 8.16% and 174.85% in power consumption.
An architecture for real-time hardware co-simulation of edge detection in image processing using Prewitt edge operator

The edge detection algorithm usually applies in the first step of image process. This paper focused about edge detection algorithm implementing on FPGA using advanced design tool Xilinx System Generator. We proposed new edge detection image design for hardware co-simulation, applied Prewitt operator in design. Atlys kit is employed for hardware/software implementation. The cost-efficient hardware co-simulation is adopted to evaluate the real-time performance of an edge detection algorithm.
A Case Study on Web-based Analytic Workflow in Big Data Platform

In the recent years, many new big data systems have been invented to improve different issues related to process a large amount of data. Nevertheless, the use of these systems to solve particular problems, especially in domains sensitive to safety, privacy and accuracy, is still limited due to unfriendly interface designs, complicated configurations and poor security management mechanism. Thus, we propose here a web-based analytic workflow system to allow end-users to use easily their desired analytic functions to solve specific problems in different domains. Moreover, our system can enable safe sharing and guarantee the security as well as process automation. We also conduct a case study to verify the validation and practice use of our system.