nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereo sequence analysis, compression, and virtual viewpoint synthesis

This paper considers the problem of structure and motion estimation in stereoscopic tele-conferencing type sequences and its application for stereo sequence compression and for intermediate view generation. Generally, this type of sequence consists of one or several foreground objects (head and shoulders) and a more or less static background. By extracting the foreground objects and investigating the relationship between right and left images, we can compress the image-pair by making use of the redundancy of the left and right image-pair. In the meantime, by using the estimated structure information, we ran generate virtual viewpoints between the left and right image-pair, which can be very helpful for tele-presence applications.
Housing price prediction using neural networks

The forecast of Singapore condominium prices is important for potential buyers to make informed decisions. This paper applies two algorithms to predict Singapore housing market and to compares the predictive performance of artificial neural network (ANN) model, i.e., the multilayer perceptron, with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The more superior model is used to predict the future condominium price index (CPI). The lower mean square error (MSE) of the ANN models showed the superiority of ANN over other predictive tools.
Automotive sip LPDDR4 design space exploration for achieving system level SI performance

A novel multi-chip System-in-Package (SiP) was designed specifically for automotive applications. This paper discussed the challenges and approaches of enabling the dual x32 LPDDR4 channels with external DRAMs running at 1866 MHz. System level design space was explored to achieve better SI performance. Several key design parameters were studied separately to investigate their impacts on the SI performance. Next, a comprehensive DOE analysis was conducted to provide detailed design guidelines for characteristic impedance, channel length, trace spacing and layer transitions along with drive strength and termination values. The results of this analysis led to important design decisions for achieving a cost effective product with rich features. Based on the inputs of this study, the design was prototyped and validated in the lab and the dual LPDDR4 channels run successfully at the desired speed-bin.
Error resilient video coding techniques

We review error resilience techniques for real-time video transport over unreliable networks. Topics covered include an introduction to today's protocol and network environments and their characteristics, encoder error resilience tools, decoder error concealment techniques, as well as techniques that require cooperation between encoder, decoder, and the network. We provide a review of general principles of these techniques as well as specific implementations adopted by the H.263 and MPEG-4 video coding standards. The majority of the article is devoted to the techniques developed for block-based hybrid coders using motion-compensated prediction and transform coding. A separate section covers error resilience techniques for shape coding in MPEG-4.
Initial results from a forward-viewing ring-annular ultrasound array for intravascular imaging

In this paper, we present some initial results from our proposed forward viewing ring-annular array for intravascular ultrasound imaging. We have investigated array design and image synthesis allowing simultaneous sideward imaging at 20 MHz and forward imaging at 10 MHz from the same array. This design is appropriate for over-the-wire delivery but limits the forward-looking aperture to a ring-annular array. In particular, a 1200 /spl mu/m diameter ring-annular array with 64 elements has been constructed. The measured forward- viewing radiation pattern of an individual element indicates an acceptance angle range of over 90/spl deg/. Currently, there are significant sensitivity and center frequency variations among the elements. Nevertheless, images of point targets are obtained as a proof-of-concept. Future improvements of the array will be discussed.
Calculation and elimination of the residual flux in the closed magnetic core

The presence of residual flux may cause saturation of the closed magnetic core and induce inrush current which can cause damages on the power system and the devices. To avoid inrush current, the elimination of the residual flux is required, especially in non-loaded energization process of the device with closed magnetic core. This paper presents a method to eliminate the residual flux based on the calculation of residual flux. Several demagnetization methods are carried out and compared to the simulation results. The experimental and simulated results coincide with each other very well.
Multiscale Bi-Gaussian Filter for Adjacent Curvilinear Structures Detection With Application to Vasculature Images

The intensity or gray-level derivatives have been widely used in image segmentation and enhancement. Conventional derivative filters often suffer from an undesired merging of adjacent objects because of their intrinsic usage of an inappropriately broad Gaussian kernel; as a result, neighboring structures cannot be properly resolved. To avoid this problem, we propose to replace the low-level Gaussian kernel with a bi-Gaussian function, which allows independent selection of scales in the foreground and background. By selecting a narrow neighborhood for the background with regard to the foreground, the proposed method will reduce interference from adjacent objects simultaneously preserving the ability of intraregion smoothing. Our idea is inspired by a comparative analysis of existing line filters, in which several traditional methods, including the vesselness, gradient flux, and medialness models, are integrated into a uniform framework. The comparison subsequently aids in understanding the principles of different filtering kernels, which is also a contribution of this paper. Based on some axiomatic scale-space assumptions, the full representation of our bi-Gaussian kernel is deduced. The popular γ-normalization scheme for multiscale integration is extended to the bi-Gaussian operators. Finally, combined with a parameter-free shape estimation scheme, a derivative filter is developed for the typical applications of curvilinear structure detection and vasculature image enhancement. It is verified in experiments using synthetic and real data that the proposed method outperforms several conventional filters in separating closely located objects and being robust to noise.
Energy-efficient hybrid capacitor switching scheme for SAR ADC

A novel low-energy hybrid capacitor switching scheme for a low-power successive approximation register (SAR) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed switching scheme combines a new switch method and the monotonic technique. The new switch method can achieve no switching energy consumption in the first three comparison cycles. Furthermore, a low-energy monotonic procedure is performed for the rest of the comparisons. The average switching energy is reduced by 98.83% compared with the conventional architecture, resulting in the most energy-efficient switching scheme among the existing switching techniques. Besides the significant energy saving, the proposed switching scheme also achieves a 75% reduction of the capacitors over the conventional scheme.
Research on Dual Pattern of Unsupervised and Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation

As an important work in the field of natural language processing, word sense disambiguation (WSD) has been a research focus since 1950. The task of WSD is very difficult to solve, and most of modern algorithms fail to reach an ideal level. The processing for WSD is to determine the sense of a polysemous word within a specific context, which involves two steps - determining all the senses for the polysemous word and selecting the appropriate sense among them. In this paper, a dual pattern of WSD based on supervised and unsupervised learning is proposed. Hence, WSD problem can be solved under different circumstances and conditions. Also, an adapted extended Lesk algorithm is established. The experiment results show that the whole quality of unsupervised and supervised WSD is satisfactory
Robot position control based on Hamiltonian system

Industrial robot position control is one of its important applications. First the paper discusses finite time position control of n-link robotic manipulator by Pontryagin minimum value principle of optimal control. The Hamiltonian is obtained and the position control problem comes down to solving the two-point boundary-value problem (TBPVB). Then the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and the perturbation techniques are introduced to solve the TBPVB. The Hamiltonian is decomposed into two parts: the major part and the minor part. When the minor part is relatively small compared to the major part the iteration approximating approach can be utilized under the framework of perturbation techniques. Finally two-link robot manipulator illustrates our methods and after a few iterations high position accuracy can be obtained.
Equilibrium Analysis of Markup Pricing Strategies Under Power Imbalance and Supply Chain Competition

This study uses a game-theory-based analytical model to examine the consequences of two markup pricing schemes, fixed-dollar markup and percentage markup, in a supply chain-to-chain competition setting with power imbalance between dominant retailers. Our results show that the equilibrium pricing strategy depends on the level of supply chain-to-chain competition. Specifically, if the level of supply chain competition is not sufficiently high, the equilibrium pricing strategy for the two retailers will be the one in which both retailers choose to adopt the percentage markup pricing policy, i.e., the [PP] strategy. Unfortunately, this equilibrium will lead the retailers into the prisoner's dilemma in some common situations. However, if the level of competition is extremely high, the equilibrium pricing strategy will be that where the leader (Retailer 1) chooses the percentage markup pricing policy and the follower (Retailer 2) selects the fixed-dollar markup pricing policy, i.e., the [PF] strategy. This equilibrium pricing strategy always hurts Manufacturer 1, but might benefit Manufacturer 2 when the level of competition exceeds a certain threshold. From the perspective of the end-consumers, they prefer the level of competition to be kept below a certain threshold such that the [PP] strategy becomes the equilibrium pricing strategy because this equilibrium leads to the lowest retail prices. Furthermore, our results show that Retailer 1 suffers a first-mover disadvantage even under a linear demand curve, and this situation cannot be alleviated by abandoning its price-leader position to share power equally with Retailer 2.
Multiple description video using rate-distortion splitting

We consider a simple multiple description (MD) video coder, that uses redundancy-rate-distortion criteria to split a one-layer stream generated by a standard video coder into two correlated streams. Our simulation results demonstrate that this MD coder has much better performance for large redundancies than our previous MDTC video coder, although it cannot perform as well at low redundancies. This MD video coder is very simple to implement and is compatible with H.263 to the extent that each description can be decoded by a standard H.263 decoder. This MD coder was used in a previous study on the transport of MD and layered video over an EGPRS wireless network, where the fact that it creates two streams with very balanced rates was a strong advantage.
Short wavelength enhanced phototransistor with n-doped porous silicon layer

A phototransistor with aluminium (Al)/porous silicon (Si)/epitaxial-Si structures was proposed and was fabricated and characterised with short wavelength enhanced operating. We proposed the short wavelength response of the Si-based thin film phototransistor; it can be enhanced by introducing thin porous Si (PS) layer as the base region of transistor. The porous process of device manufacture is suitable for applications in design of visible-light sensitive phototransistors. Experimental results showed that the short wavelength responses in the developed devices were enhanced as compared with the Si-based homojunction transistors, this comparably medium optical gain indicated that the developed Al/PSi/epitaxial-Si heterojunction thin film phototransistor got potential for practical Si-based optical-electron integrated-circuit and biophotonics applications.
Exploring the basic laws of acupoints of ischemie cerebrovascular disease in acupuncture treatment through text mining

It is well known that acupuncture treatment has an effect on patients with ischemie cerebrovascular disease. This study was aimed to summarize the basic laws of acupoints of ischemie cerebrovascular disease in acupuncture treatment using text mining techniques. First, we proposed the text-mining-based method to collect related literatures about acupuncture treatment of ischemie cerebrovascular disease from Chinese Biomedicai Literature Database, and then the ACCESS database was constructed. Second, structured query language was applied to data processing as well as data stratification algorithm was adopted to analyze the basic laws of acupoints of ischemie cerebrovascular disease in acupuncture treatment. Final, 62,903 documents were retrieved and the results showed that the higher frequency of single point in the treatment of ischemie cerebrovascular disease were sorted in descending order as the following: Renzhong(570), Burong(205), Fufen(186), Youmen(84), Shuifen(58), Baihui(57), Zusanli(55). Moreover, the higher frequency of paired points in the treatment of ischemie cerebrovascular disease were sorted in descending order as the following: Baihui with Dazhui(21), Neiguan with Zusanli(21), Quchi with Zusanli(21), Baihui with Qubin(10), Neiguan with Renzhong(9), Neiguan with Sanyinjiao(9), Neiguan with Yinjiao(9). These findings suggest that the method of text mining can be used to analyze basic acupoint laws through statistical frequency of acupuncture treatment of ischemie cerebrovascular disease and to provide a reference for clinical acupoints.
Development of Low-Fluorine Solution for YBCO Film Growth

We developed a simple and stable precursor solution containing low fluorine content to fabricate YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) films on CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 buffered NiW substrates. The fluorine content in the precursor solution could be controlled at 23.1% by tuning the ratio of barium trifluoroacetate to barium acetate. Fast pyrolysis process and smooth surface of YBCO precursor films could be acquired by using the low-fluorine solution. The phase, texture, microstructure, and superconducting properties of YBCO film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and four-probe method, respectively. The crystallized YBCO film showed good out-of-plane and in-plane textures. A high critical current density Jc of ~3 MA/cm 2 (77 K, 0 T) could be obtained in the YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/NiW sample derived from the low-fluorine solution. The results indicate that the controllable fluorine content solution could be useful for epitaxial growth of YBCO films on buffered NiW substrates.
Segmentation of 3-D High-Frequency Ultrasound Images of Human Lymph Nodes Using Graph Cut With Energy Functional Adapted to Local Intensity Distribution

Previous studies by our group have shown that 3-D high-frequency quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods have the potential to differentiate metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) from cancer-free LNs dissected from human cancer patients. To successfully perform these methods inside the LN parenchyma (LNP), an automatic segmentation method is highly desired to exclude the surrounding thin layer of fat from QUS processing and accurately correct for ultrasound attenuation. In high-frequency ultrasound images of LNs, the intensity distribution of LNP and fat varies spatially because of acoustic attenuation and focusing effects. Thus, the intensity contrast between two object regions (e.g., LNP and fat) is also spatially varying. In our previous work, nested graph cut (GC) demonstrated its ability to simultaneously segment LNP, fat, and the outer phosphate-buffered saline bath even when some boundaries are lost because of acoustic attenuation and focusing effects. This paper describes a novel approach called GC with locally adaptive energy to further deal with spatially varying distributions of LNP and fat caused by inhomogeneous acoustic attenuation. The proposed method achieved Dice similarity coefficients of 0.937±0.035 when compared with expert manual segmentation on a representative data set consisting of 115 3-D LN images obtained from colorectal cancer patients.
Evaluation of mesh-based motion estimation in H.263-like coders

We present two mesh-based motion estimation algorithms, and evaluate their performance when incorporated in an H.263-like block-based video coder. Both algorithms compute nodal motions in a hierarchical manner. Within each hierarchy level, the first algorithm (HMMA) minimizes the prediction error in the four elements surrounding each node, where the prediction is accomplished by a bilinear mapping. The optimal solution is obtained by a full search within a range defined by the topology of the mesh. The second algorithm (HBMA) minimizes the error in a block surrounding each node, assuming the motion in the block is constant. In both cases, bilinear mapping is used for motion-compensated prediction based on nodal displacements. The two algorithms are compared with an exhaustive block-matching algorithm (EBMA) by evaluating their performance in temporal prediction and in an H.263/TMN4 coder. For prediction only, the HMMA and HBMA algorithms yield visually more satisfactory results, even though the PSNRs of the predicted images are on average lower. The coded images also have lower PSNRs at similar bit rates. The coding artifacts are different: while the block-based method leads to more severe block distortions, the mesh-based method experiences some warping artifacts. The HMMA algorithm outperforms the HBMA slightly for certain sequences at the expense of higher computational complexity.
Screen Content Image Segmentation Using Robust Regression and Sparse Decomposition

This paper considers how to separate text and/or graphics from smooth background in screen content and mixed document images and proposes two approaches to perform this segmentation task. The proposed methods make use of the fact that the background in each block is usually smoothly varying and can be modeled well by a linear combination of a few smoothly varying basis functions, while the foreground text and graphics create sharp discontinuity. The algorithms separate the background and foreground pixels by trying to fit background pixel values in the block into a smooth function using two different schemes. One is based on robust regression, where the inlier pixels will be considered as background, while remaining outlier pixels will be considered foreground. The second approach uses a sparse decomposition framework where the background and foreground layers are modeled with a smooth and sparse components respectively. These algorithms have been tested on images extracted from HEVC standard test sequences for screen content coding, and are shown to have superior performance over previous approaches. The proposed methods can be used in different applications such as text extraction, separate coding of background and foreground for compression of screen content, and medical image segmentation.
Impacts of electric vehicles on power grid considering time series of TOU

As large amounts of EVs connect to power grid, in the future, this paper proposes the optional mode of TOU (Time-of-use) shift the load of EVs to relief the burden of power grid. Analyzing the users' habits without control, this paper establishes single-user and multiple-users charging mode. Simulated by Monte Carlo method, the load with EV and the peak-vally difference will be aggregated. Therefore, EVs' charge-discharge load model considering TOU is proposed. To minimize the peak-vally difference, the paper introduce genetic algorithm to achieve the optimal time series of TOU strategy. Lastly, the numerical example demonstrates the molds in this paper.
On rewiring and simplification for canonicity in threshold logic circuits

Rewiring is a well developed and widely used technique in the synthesis and optimization of traditional Boolean logic designs. The threshold logic is a new alternative logic representation to Boolean logic which poses a compactness characteristic of representation. Nowadays, with the advances in nanomaterials, research on multi-level synthesis, verification, and testing for threshold networks is flourishing. This paper presents an algorithm for rewiring in a threshold network. It works by removing a target wire, and then corrects circuit's functionality by adding a corresponding rectification network. It also proposes a simplification procedure for representing a threshold logic gate canonically. The experimental results show that our approach has 7.1 times speedup compared to the-state-of-the-art multi-level synthesis algorithm, in synthesizing a threshold network with a new fanin number constraint.
A Two Pass H.264-Based Matching Pursuit Video Coder

This paper proposes a matching pursuit video codec built on top of the H.264 framework. H.264/MPEG4 AVC is currently the most efficient video coding standard and it applies block-based motion compensation and DCT-like transform as all other standards. In order to further improve the coding efficiency and enable bit stream scalability, we explore the use of redundant frame-based Gabor transforms for coding the prediction error. The motion compensation and mode decision parts are compatible to H.264. The overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC) method can be optionally invoked to smooth the predicted images. Because H.264/AVC incorporates both inter and intra prediction, and allows many different block sizes, it is more challenging to apply matching pursuit on H.264/AVC than on prior standards. We investigate how to apply MP to prediction error images containing both inter- and intra-predicted blocks. We also investigate how to adapt the quantizer based on the H.264 QP. The preliminary simulation results show that the proposed codec outperforms H.264/AVC at the low to medium bit rate range, both objectively and subjectively, while generating a scalable bit stream.
Adaptive unsymmetrical dither region to improve dynamic false contour in PDPs

Because dynamic false contour (DFC) can be improved by selecting a limited number of gray scales in plasma display panels (PDPs), the other gray scales unselected are realized by dither. In order to reduce the noises caused by dither, a method using adaptive unsymmetrical dither region in which DFC may occur is proposed. The evaluated method with vision characteristic for DFC is obtained firstly after analyzing the luminance distribution of DFC stripe. Then the dither widths of bright and dark DFC stripe regions to realize gray scales are computed and changed according to the degree of the vision sensitivity to DFC. The experiment results show that the width of dither region can change and keep the minimum adaptively according to the degree of vision sensitivity to DFC. The gray scales are expressed smoothly, simultaneously. The peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) of image displayed in this method is better than other methods.