nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Parking assistance using multi-camera infrastructure

Parking assistance, one of ITS technologies, by various methods has been studied in various places. In the near future, as infrastructures are improving, we propose other ways of parking assistance in the HIR (human-oriented information restructuring) system, which assists driver's visual sense by integrating and restructuring different kinds of information. Parking assist we propose use multi-camera infrastructure. At first, we actually experimented parking assist using a single camera infrastructure in actual world, and confirmed the effectiveness of it. So, We considered what type of information the system gives the driver to make it easy to park, and experimented, and we show some experimental result.
Parallel processing method for realtime FTV

In this paper, we propose a parallel processing method to generate free viewpoint image in realtime. It is impossible to arrange the cameras in a high density realistically though it is necessary to capture images of the scene from innumerable cameras to express the free viewpoint image. Therefore, it is necessary to interpolate the image of arbitrary viewpoint from limited captured images. However, this process has the relation of the trade-off between the image quality and the computing time. In proposed method, it aimed to generate the high-quality free viewpoint image in realtime by applying the parallel processing to time-consuming interpolation part.
Multipoint Measuring System for Video and Sound - 100-camera and microphone system

We developed a novel multipoint measurement system capable of acquiring video and sound at more than 100 points in a "synchronized" manner. In this paper, we first describe the specification of the system and how the system works in detail. Then we report some experimental results that confirm the performance of the system. We also describe test data set we provided for MPEG (moving picture experts group) multi-viewpoint video coding activities. Using this system, we are planning to conduct projects to measure humans and their activities, collect a large volume of real-world data of video and sound, and release them to the public
A new flexible acquisition system of ray-space data for arbitrary objects

Conventional ray-space acquisition systems require very precise mechanisms to control the small movement of cameras or objects. Most of them adopt camera with a gantry or a turntable. Although they are good for acquiring the ray-space of small objects, they are not suitable for ray-space acquisition of very large structures, such as a building, tower, etc. This paper proposes a new ray-space acquisition system which consists of a camera and a 3-D position and orientation sensor. It is not only a compact and easy-to-handle system, but is also free from limitations of size or shape, in principle. It can obtain any ray-space data as far as the camera is located within the coverage of the 3-D sensor. This paper describes our system and its specifications. Experimental results are also presented.
Multiview Video Coding Using View Interpolation and Color Correction

Neighboring views must be highly correlated in multiview video systems. We should therefore use various neighboring views to efficiently compress videos. There are many approaches to doing this. However, most of these treat pictures of other views in the same way as they treat pictures of the current view, i.e., pictures of other views are used as reference pictures (inter-view prediction). We introduce two approaches to improving compression efficiency in this paper. The first is by synthesizing pictures at a given time and a given position by using view interpolation and using them as reference pictures (view-interpolation prediction). In other words, we tried to compensate for geometry to obtain precise predictions. The second approach is to correct the luminance and chrominance of other views by using lookup tables to compensate for photoelectric variations in individual cameras. We implemented these ideas in H.264/AVC with inter-view prediction and confirmed that they worked well. The experimental results revealed that these ideas can reduce the number of generated bits by approximately 15% without loss of PSNR.
Reducing bitrates of compressed video with enhanced view synthesis for FTV

View synthesis using depth maps is a well-known technique for exploiting the redundancy between multi-view videos. In this paper, we deal with the bitrates of view synthesis at the decoder side of FTV that would use compressed depth maps and views. Both inherent depth estimation error and coding distortion would degrade synthesis quality. The focus is to reduce bitrates required for generating the high-quality virtual view. We employ a reliable view synthesis method which is compared with standard MPEG view synthesis software. The experimental results show that the bitrates required for synthesizing high-quality virtual view could be reduced by utilizing our enhanced view synthesis technique to improve the PSNR at medium bitrates.
Error supression in view synthesis using reliability reasoning for FTV

View synthesis using depth maps is a crucial application for Free-viewpoint TV (FTV). In this paper, we propose a novel reliability based view synthesis method using two references and their depth maps. The depth estimation with stereo matching is known to be error-prone, leading to noticeable artifacts in the synthesized new views. In order to provide plausible virtual views for FTV, our focus is on the error suppression for the synthesized view. We innovatively introduce the continuous reliability using error approximation by the reference cross-check. The new view interpolation algorithm is generated with the criterion of Least Sum of Squared Errors (LSSE). Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be considered as a reliable version of the conventional linear view blending. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework with MPEG standard test sequences. The results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art view interpolation methods both at eliminating artifacts and improving PSNR.
Experimental on Hierarchical Transmission Scheme for Visible Light Communication using LED Traffic Light and High-Speed Camera

LEDs are expected as lighting sources for next generation, and data transmission system using LEDs attract attention. In this paper, we present hierarchical coding scheme using LED traffic lights and high-speed camera for intelligent transport systems (ITS) application. Further, if each of LEDs in traffic lights is individually modulated, parallel data transmissions are possible using a camera as a reception device. Such parallel LED-camera channel can be modeled as spatial low-pass filtered channel of which the cut-off frequency varies according to the distance. To overcome, we propose hierarchical coding scheme based on 2D fast Haar wavelet transform. As results, the proposed hierarchical transmission schemes outperform the conventional on-off keying and the reception of high priority data is guaranteed even LED-camera distance is further.
Arbitrary Listening-Point Generation Using Sub-Band Representation of Sound Wave Ray-Space

This paper proposes arbitrary listening-point generation of sound without source localization, and a theory based on the ray-space representation of light rays using sub-band signal processing. An array of beam-formed dynamic microphone-arrays (MAs), are set and each MA generates a multi frequency layer sound-image (SImage) by scanning the viewing range of a camera. Each layer is captured by active microphones in MA for a given frequency range which makes the correct interval to capture that frequency layer, and a sound wave ray-space. Arbitrary listening-point generation of each layer is done by geometry compensation of corresponding images in the location of each MA or SImages or their combination. Each layer sound of an SIamge is generated by averaging the sound wave in each pixel or group of pixel. The listening-point is generated after combining each layer sound in frequency domain and inverse transformation from frequency to time domain
How does ring earth electrode effect to wind turbine?

This report performs an electromagnetic transient analysis on an earthing system of a wind turbine to confirm the effect of a ring earth electrode. The main aim of the present analysis is to search the accurate combination of the ring earth electrode(s) and the vertical rods. As described in IEC TR61400-24, the ring earth electrode is recommended for wind turbine earthing. The technical report recommends additional electrodes if the radius of the turbine foundation is less than the minimum radius stated in IEC 61024-1 (presently IEC 62305-3). But the additional electrodes given by IEC 62035-3 are originally considered for larger earthing system of houses or buildings. Then, is it really suitable for a wind turbine with smaller foundation area? What is the best combination of the ring electrode and vertical rods to realise the effective lightning protection for a wind turbine? These questions need to be immediately resolved to establish safe countermeasures of wind turbines against lightning incidents. As the result of the analysis using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, it becomes clear that there exist inaccurate combination of ring electrode and vertical rods even if it obeys IEC 62035 recommendation. It suggests that requirement level of earthing in IEC 61400-24 should be improved for accurate lightning protection of wind turbines.
The Uplink Visible Light Communication Beacon System for Universal Traffic Management

This paper presents a feasibility study of the uplink visible light communication (VLC) beacon system for the universal traffic management system (UTMS). The UTMS is a traffic management system beneath the National Police Agency of Japan. Currently, 55 000 UTMS infrared beacon systems have been installed, and they provide expressway and ordinary road information to cars. However, the data rate is 1 Mbps, and a faster data rate is necessary to support automotive and smart mobility devices. In this paper, we propose an uplink V2I system for the UTMS. The system is designed to match the current beacon system as closely as possible, so that the system can easily be replaced and still provide sufficient bandwidth for future automotive and smart mobility devices. We adopt a photo diode (PD) as the VLC receiver and a commercially available off-the-shelf LED headlight as a transmitter. Unfortunately, the bandwidth of such an LED is usually small, so we consider applying a bit-loading algorithm to direct-current-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. To reduce strong background noise, such as from the sun, we narrow down the field-of-view by applying a lens to the PD, which forms a tiny communication area, smaller than the current infrared beacon system. We then consider multiple PDs with the lens to create a similar communication area as the infrared beacon system. As a result, we achieve 3.1-Mbps throughput.
View Generation with 3D Warping Using Depth Information for FTV

Free viewpoint images can be generated from multi-view images using Ray-Space method. Ray-Space data requires ray interpolation so as to satisfy the plenoptic function. Ray interpolation is realized by estimating view-dependent depth. Depth estimation is usually costly process, thus it is desirable that this process is skipped from rendering process to achieve real-time rendering. This paper proposes a method to render a novel view image using multi-view images and depth maps which are computed in advance. Virtual viewpoint image is generated by 3D warping, which causes some problems that have not occurred in the method with view dependent depth estimation. We handled these problems by projecting depth map to virtual image plane first and perform post-filtering on the projected depth map. We succeeded in obtaining high quality arbitrary viewpoint images from relatively small number of cameras.
Visible light road-to-vehicle communication using high-speed camera

We have been proposing visible light road-to-vehicle communication at intersection, using LED traffic light as the transmitter and on-vehicle high-speed camera as the receiver. Visible light communication is a wireless communication method using luminance, transmitting data by emitting light. Thus when we use image sensor as the receiver, detection of the transmitter is required to enable the communication. In this paper, we propose transmitter detection algorithm supposed that the sequence is captured at 1000 fps. We also made experiments to verify our algorithm, using the sequence captured by a high-speed camera fixed on a vehicle which is running at 30 km/h.
Control of fine particulate and gaseous contaminants by UV/photoelectron method

In semiconductor manufacturing processes, surface contamination is a very important issue because it decreases the product yield of the LSI. In this study, a new method to remove fine airborne particles and gaseous contaminants in the wafer stocker using a UV/photoelectron method has been investigated. Two kinds of wafer stockers are used for investigating the efficiency of the UV/photoelectron method for controlling (1) particulate and gaseous contaminants under atmospheric conditions and (2) particulate contaminants under low pressure conditions.
Road-to-vehicle communication using LED traffic light

We propose a parallel wireless optical communication system for road-to-vehicle communication, which uses a LED traffic light as a transmitter and a high-speed camera as a receiver. The newly proposed system which enables multichanneling in LED two dimension arrangement and spatially dividing them. LED transmitters arranged in the shape of a plane are modulated individually, and a camera is used as a receiver for demodulating the signals by using image processing techniques. We performed examination of the transmission speed according to the proposed system in this paper. The actual proof experiment of the proposed system was conducted under the laboratory conditions. We checked that it communicates with a speed of 2.78kbps while 192 LED are spatially divided into eight groups and the high-speed camera set to 500fps.
On-vehicle receiver for distant visible light road-to-vehicle communication

In this paper, we propose a road-to-vehicle visible communication system for ITS. In this system, a LED traffic light is used as transmitter and a photodiode is used as receiver. There are several problems associated with applying visible light communication to the field of ITS. It is necessary to receive information from long distance. And tracking the transmitter for a certain moving distance of the vehicle is also important. We applied an imaging optics to receive information over long distance, and two cameras are used to solve the relationship between the transmitter and the receiver position changes with time, and vibrational correction technique is also fixed to the system to minimize vibrational affections. We developed algorithms to track the transmitter. The experiments were conducted to confirm the proposals.
Visual assistances to right turn in an intersection by using HIR (Human-Oriented Information Restructuring) System

In recent years, AHS (Advanced Highway System) has been studied to realize automated driving. In AHS, images from cameras are used for sensing, not given to humans, and cars are controlled by using these images, GPS, VICS, etc.. However, machines make errors in sensing and can't always control cars certainly. This sometimes causes serious traffic accidents. It is very important to solve this problem in AHS. To solve the problem in AHS, we have proposed a new concept system "HIR (Human-Oriented Information Restructuring)". In HIR, images from cameras are used as "'images" not for sensing in AHS. In this paper, we describe an approach of applying HIR system to an intersection. In an intersection, we have to pay attention to other cars and walkers. For example, when a driver tries to turn right (left in USA) in an intersection, the driver can't see an opposed car coming straight hidden by another opposed car waiting to turn right. It may cause a car crash accident. To solve this problem, we propose some visual assistances of showing the hidden car. Then, we compare each of visual assistances, and we show effectiveness of these visual assistances based on HIR system.
Erasure coding for road-to-vehicle visible light communication systems

In this paper, we focus on a road-to-vehicle visible light communication (VLC) system using LED traffic lights. In this system, an LED traffic light consists of a 2-dimensional LED array (2D LED array), and cars are equipped with high-speed 2-dimensional cameras (2D image sensors). An important issue of this system is frame loss. Sometimes, 2D image sensor in a car fails to get a frame. So as to mitigate the influence of frame loss, we propose to apply erasure coding to the road-to-vehicle VLC system. In the proposed system, a data sequence is encoded by LDPC code whose length is much longer than the size of 2D LED array. In addition, code synchronization is required for the proposed system. We also propose a code synchronization scheme, which makes use of error detection capability of LDPC code. We evaluate the performance of our proposed system, and show that it can recover frame loss for high SNR when less than 8 frames among total 18 frames are lost. In addition, we show that our proposed code synchronization scheme can ignore its errors.
Interpixel interference cancellation method for road-to-vehicle visible light communication

This paper aims to improve the transmission distance for the road-to-vehicle visible light communication system (R2V-VLC) using LED array and high-speed camera by reducing interference caused at the receiver. As we can transmit multiple data using LED array and high-speed camera, parallel data transmission can be possible. However, due to the diffusion of LED and the finiteness of the pixel size of image sensor, the focused LED will affect not only the actual corresponding pixel but also its surrounding pixels. We call this phenomenon as “interpixel interference (IPI)“ and it causes degradation in error rate performance. To mitigate the IPI, we propose IPI cancellation scheme for the R2V-VLC system. As the results of the experiment, we can extend the error-free distance from 40m to 60m by the IPI cancellation.
Visual assistant system "HIR" for Safe Driving at an Intersection -Interlligent Intersection-

With the advance of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), various types of equipment such as cameras are expected to be installed as new road infrastructure. We have proposed the HIR (Human-oriented Information Restructuring) System, which utilizes information obtained from those infrastructures, such as cameras, VICS, GPS, etc. This system shows images that assist drivers and are easy to understand. This paper presents the HIR algorithm, consideration of data error and required accuracy towards realization of HIR. Furthermore, we have constructed a system that acquires in-vehicle camera position and direction. Based on our previous study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the new system architecture by conducting an experiment in the situation of turning right at an intersection. As a result, we can generate assisting images and display them on a in-car monitor.
Depth up-sampling for depth coding using view information

In 3DTV and free viewpoint imaging systems based on a view-plus-depth representation, depth compression is important for high-quality view synthesis. Several publications have proposed depth down-/up-sampling as part of the depth coding strategy. Recently, we proposed a depth up-sampling method which uses the high resolution view in the process of depth up-sampling. Actually, in 2007 Kopf et.al. already proposed a Joint Bilateral Upsampler(JBU), which uses a high resolution input image as prior in a joint bilateral filter for upscaling. In this paper we compare our previous method with the JBU approach, in the context of depth coding. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of view coding on the depth up-sampling result.
Evaluation of 300 mm wafer boxes with UV/photoelectron cleaning capability

New plastic wafer boxes with cleaning capability for gaseous contamination harmful to LSI fabrication processes have been developed. The contamination gases are effectively reduced by attaching a UV/photoelectron cleaning unit to the conventional polycarbonate plastic box. The performance of the wafer boxes has been verified by a reliability test of thin gate oxides fabricated on Si wafers stored in the boxes. It is also shown that a newly developed plastic material is superior to polycarbonate in terms of the organic molecule contaminants.
Free Viewpoint Image Generation Synchronized with Free Lisning-Point Audio for 3-D Real Space Navication

In this paper, we present a method that generates a free view/listening point image/audio by using a completely synchronized capturing system, named one hundred camera and microphone system. This system can capture audio/image at 100 points with synchronized signal in a three-dimensional scene. This paper introduces an image interpolation method between nearest cameras to generate a free viewpoint image. The step of interpolating image is: calibrating all camera intrinsic/extrinsic parameter, rectifying each nearest stereo image pair, adjusting color balance among all images, stereo matching with occlusion detection, and generate middle image with interpolation along angle with disparity and occlusion map. The experimental results show that we can generate free view point image with free listening point audio. We have succeeded to render this data into 3-D cylindrical display.
High-speed-camera image processing based LED traffic light detection for road-to-vehicle visible light communication

As one of ITS technique, a new visible light road-to-vehicle communication system at intersections is proposed. In this system, the communication between a vehicle and an LED traffic light is conducted using an LED traffic light as a transmitter, and an on-vehicle high-speed camera as a receiver. The LEDs in the transmitter emit light in high frequency and those emitting LEDs are captured by the high-speed camera for making communication. Here, the luminance value of LEDs in the transmitter should be captured in consecutive frames to achieve effective communication. For this purpose, first the transmitter should be found, then it should be tracked in consecutive frames by processing the images from the high-speed camera. In this paper, we propose new effective algorithms for finding and tracking the transmitter, which result in a increased communication speed, compared to the previous methods. Experiments using appropriate images showed the effectiveness of the proposals.
Intensity estimation of LEDs from spatially and temporally mixed images in image sensor communication

We focus on the road-to-vehicle visible light communication that system is composed of LED matrix as transmitter and high-speed camera as receiver. In proposed method, there are two problems. First problem is in case of long distance. It is difficult to receive data correctly because neighboring LEDs on the received image are merged due to less number of pixels and/or blurring by defocus. In this paper, we propose estimation method of LED intensity from merged image. We evaluated the method by measuring Bit Error Rate and confirmed effectiveness of the method. We also performed real time communication and succeeded to extend communication distance from the previous work by applying the method. Second problem is that, the transmitting rate has been reduced to half of the frame rate of the camera, to avoid intersymbol interference because of exposure time of camera frame. We propose a method to improve the communication rate. The transmitting rate is set same to receiver's frame rate, and the sent data is estimated from pattern mixed image. Using 8b/10b encoding instead of conventional reversal pattern to reduce the flickering of transmitter's lighting is also proposed.