nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring distributed durations with stable errors

The round-trip duration measurement technique is fundamental in solving many problems in asynchronous distributed systems. In essence, this technique provides the means for reading remote clocks with a known and bounded error. Therefore, it is used as a fundamental building block in several clock synchronization algorithms. In general, the technique can be used to implement duration measurement services, such as that of the timely computing base model. In this paper we propose a new technique for measuring distributed durations that minimizes the measurement error and is able to keep this error almost stable. The new technique can be used to improve the precision of remote clock reading in certain situations. We provide a protocol that implements this new technique and present some evaluation results. The results clearly show that our solution is better than existing ones.
Comparison of photoacoustic and wavelength modulation spectroscopy in a 3D-printed resonant gas cell

In this paper, we present a combined Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) set-up to compare both techniques in terms of detection limit, sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. The results of the experiments, that were carried out using a 3D-printed resonant gas cell and ammonia as target gas, show a slightly better performance for the Photoacoustic detection method.
Security Constrained Unit Commitment Using Line Outage Distribution Factors

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem is one of the necessary tools for system operators to make operational planning and real-time operation. The internalization of transmission network and security constraints (e.g., N-1 criterion) could lead to different decisions in the generation dispatch. However, the computational burden of this problem is challenging mainly due to its inherent large problem size. Therefore, this paper proposes an N-1 security constrained formulation based on the line outage distribution factors (LODF) instead of the one based on injection sensitivity factors (ISF). This formulation is at the same time more compact than analogous formulations for contingency constraints; hence, it presents a lower computational burden. The computational efficiency of the proposed formulation is shown by solving the SCUC of the IEEE 118 bus system with LODF and ISF. Additionally, an iterative methodology for filtering the active N-1 congestion constraints is detailed, and its implementation for large-scale systems is described. The results show that the proposed filter reduces the computational time by approximately 70% in comparison to the complete formulation of N-1 constraints in SCUC.
Smelling Faults in Spreadsheets

Despite being staggeringly error prone, spreadsheets are a highly flexible programming environment that is widely used in industry. In fact, spreadsheets are widely adopted for decision making, and decisions taken upon wrong (spreadsheet-based) assumptions may have serious economical impacts on businesses, among other consequences. This paper proposes a technique to automatically pinpoint potential faults in spreadsheets. It combines a catalog of spreadsheet smells that provide a first indication of a potential fault, with a generic spectrum-based fault localization strategy in order to improve (in terms of accuracy and false positive rate) on these initial results. Our technique has been implemented in a tool which helps users detecting faults. To validate the proposed technique, we consider a well-known and well-documented catalog of faulty spreadsheets. Our experiments yield two main results: we were able to distinguish between smells that can point to faulty cells from smells and those that are not capable of doing so, and we provide a technique capable of detecting a significant number of errors: two thirds of the cells labeled as faulty are in fact (documented) errors.
Fully Frequency-Locked Multiheterodyne Architecture for Remote Optical Frequency Comb Rapid Detection

In this paper, a new approach to optical frequency comb (OFC) detection based on a multiheterodyne arrangement is presented. The architecture relies on optical injection locking as a mechanism to induce coherence between an incoming remote OFC and a local oscillator comb with slightly different repetition frequency to retrieve the information encoded in the former. An additional RF locking technique between combs is also implemented, cancelling any frequency drifts and ensuring the temporal stability of the detection scheme while preserving its autonomy from any remote comb. The detection system is validated by recording the coherently averaged transmission spectra of a fibre Bragg grating sensor imprinted into an electro-optic comb around 1540 nm within 100 μs integration time. While maintaining the range of advantages of dual-comb architectures, such as simultaneous access to manifold spectral points, high resolution, and ultrafast measurement times, the presented system holds promise for being employed as a remote comb detector for different field applications.
Optimal electric vehicles consumption management at parking garages

This paper is focused on the electric power management required on garages where plug-in vehicles are located. As the Electric Vehicle technology becomes more efficient and sophisticated, parking infrastructures should be analyzed as new potential high concentrated electric consumption nodes. Simulation techniques have been implemented to analyze possible benefits of implementing a consumption management control on these types of infrastructures. Power capacity requirements and savings on energy consumption, capacity costs and non supplied energy penalties are some outputs extracted from a 50 plug-in vehicles case study.
Structural-electromagnetic simulation coupling tool for airborne antenna arrays

This paper describes a tool developed to couple structural and electromagnetic simulations. The motivation for this work is to aid in the design and characterization of next-generation airborne remote sensing platforms and sensors. While several multi-physics simulation tools are available for coupling a variety of simulation software, our application is unique in that we wish to simulate relatively large structural deformations that can be used to assess the as-installed EM performance of the deformed geometry. Currently available multi-physics programs either do not support structural-EM coupling or are not robust enough to handle the different geometric abstractions that must be made in each of the programs. We have developed a methodology and a set of algorithms to couple simulation types using existing physics-based simulation software. The tool works well for regular FEM quad meshes, and it can produce geometry deformed by the structural FEM for EM analysis. Simulated results are compared with measurements for both a singular dipole element as well as a four-element antenna array.
Induced Magnetoelectric Effect Driven by Magnetization in BaFe12O19- P(VDF-TrFE) Composites

Films of BaFe12O19/poly(vinylidenefluoride)-trifluorethylene composites with 5, 10, and 20 wt% barium ferrite content have been fabricated. BaFe12O19 microparticles have the shape of thin hexagonal platelets, the easy direction of magnetization remaining along the c-axis, which is perpendicular to the plates. This fact allows for ferrite particles orientation in-plane and out-of-plane within the composite films, as confirmed by measured hysteresis loops. While the in-plane-induced magnetoelectric (ME) effect is practically zero, these composite films show a good out-of-plane ME with maximum ME coupling coefficient changes of 3, 17, and 2 mV/cm.Oe for the 5, 10, and 20 wt% barium ferrite content films, respectively. We conclude that this ME behavior appears to be driven by the magnetization process arising when we applied the external magnetic field. We have also measured the linear and reversible ME effect for low applied bias field, when magnetization process is still reversible.
Dosimetry Inter-Laboratory Comparison between ESTEC, CNA-ALTER/RADLAB, and UCL

The dosimetry is a key factor to provide confidence on EEE components total dose testing. Although there are accuracy requirements defined in the applicable test methods, it is difficult to determine the degree of correlation between the laboratories, as they use different technical means, procedures and calculations to determine the dose rate and the total dose values declared in the final test reports. To learn about such differences, a measurement inter-comparison activity has been designed and carried out between three well-known laboratories, covering a complete range of conditions, and performing a comparison of the obtained results.
Evaluation of material model parameters of vaginal tissue with different fiber orientation

Vaginal tissue is known to be stiffer when load is applied in the longitudinal direction of its fibers rather than the transverse direction. However, little attention has been paid to the differences in the material parameters that characterize these tissues' behavior. The goal of this study was to evaluate the differences of vaginal tissue's material parameters for constitutive modeling. For this purpose, experimental data from previous uniaxial tensile tests, in the longitudinal and transverse directions, of anterior and posterior vaginal wall samples were used. The material parameters were determined for Weiss modified and Mooney-Rivlin material models using an analytical method. As expected, different mechanical properties reflected different material parameters. Weiss modified material model confirmed to be suitable for modeling the longitudinal direction but inaccurate in the transverse direction, whereas Mooney-Rivlin's revealed to be more adequate on modeling the transverse direction.
Long Term Maintenance Optimization of CCGT Plants

The rising share of renewable energies within the generation mix has reduced the load factor of actual CCGT power plants. In this way, a more flexible operation of this technology with an increased number of annual start-up cycles is needed. Since CCGT design assumed a base load operation at nominal power with a few number of annual start cycles, plant owners have to face higher maintenance costs, reliability reduction and lower market incomes. This paper presents a mixed-integer optimization model that schedules the long term maintenance planning based on the daily operation of a CCGT plant in order to maximize its global profit. The model is illustrated with an actual CCGT plant operating in the Spanish power system.
Day ahead and intraday stochastic decision model for EV charging points

The paper details a stochastic programming model to optimize decisions on battery charging and Grid ancillary services at Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Points. First and second decision stages deal with stochasticity on EV staying pattern. Day-ahead and Intraday electric markets are included respectively as first and second stages for energy and reserves prices. Day-Ahead decisions - first stage - are hourly energy purchases and sales and, also upward-downward reserve sales. Intraday decisions - second stage - deals with different scenarios of vehicle staying and supplying reserves. The global objective function prioritizes supplying energy to EV batteries and at the same time minimizes the net expected energy cost at the EV Charging Point taking into account energy and reserve markets. A 50 plug-in vehicle parking is analyzed with household, commercial and mixed staying patterns and several stochastic arrival-departure scenarios. Output comparison is shown between Day-Ahead and Intraday decisions and resulting average cost per kWh.
Dynamic Ramping Model Including Intraperiod Ramp-Rate Changes in Unit Commitment

The growing increase of renewable generation worldwide is posing new challenges for a secure, reliable, and economic operation of power systems. In order to face the uncertain and intermittent production of renewable sources, operating reserves must be allocated efficiently and accurately. Nowadays, these reserves are mainly assigned to thermal units, especially gas-fired generators, due to their operation flexibility and fast response. However, the ramping capabilities of these units define the grade of flexibility offered to the system operation. In practical applications, ramping limits are dynamic, i.e., they are a function of the unit's generating output. Omitting this feature leads to suboptimal or even infeasible reserve allocations, thus increasing not only operating reserve requirements but also transactions in real-time balancing markets needed to back up deviations of renewable generation. This paper contributes with a mixed-integer linear programming model for units’ dynamic ramping allowing intraperiod changes in the unit commitment problem. As a result, operating reserves are better allocated and the units’ flexibility is managed more efficiently than traditional ramping models found in the literature. Different case studies illustrate the functioning and benefits of the proposed formulation.
Clip art retrieval combining raster and vector methods

Clip art databases can be composed by raster images or by vector drawings. There are technologies for searching and retrieving clip arts for both image formats but research has been done separately, focusing on either format, without taking benefits of both research fields as a whole. This paper describes a study where the benefits of combining information extracted from vector and raster images to retrieve clip arts are evaluated and discussed. Color and texture features are extracted from raster images and geometry and topology features are extracted from vector images. The paper presents several comparisons between different combinations with several descriptors. The results of the study show the effectiveness of the solutions that combines both types of features.
Monitoring the evolution of hyperglycemia in mice using mm-wave spectroscopy

It was very recently demonstrated that mm-wave spectroscopy, in the range between 75 GHz and 110 GHz, provides the means for the non-invasive, in-vivo detection of hyperglycemia-associated conditions in mice. This mm-wave spectrometer in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis clearly differentiated, on a single day measurement, between several hyperglycemic states. In this work, using the same set-up, we will focus on the study of the feasibility of dynamically detecting and monitoring the evolution of hyperglycemia on mice with diabetes-induced conditions.
On the Derivation of the Exact, Closed-Form Capacity Formulas for Receiver-Sided Correlated MIMO Channels

This paper solves the problem of finding a closed-form expression for the average information-theoretic capacity of wireless systems with an arbitrary number of transmitter and receiver antennas. It is assumed that only the receivers have (perfect) knowledge of the channel state and that fading correlation is receiver-sided. The main purpose of the paper is accomplished by introducing a few very simple concepts and performing some clear-cut algebraic manipulations, making the presentation virtually self-contained. The results show a substantial capacity reduction in the presence of correlation between receiver antennas. It is also shown that employing linear arrays with nonuniform spacings may improve the system capacity, and a simple technique to exploit this possibility is presented. Isotropic and nonisotropic propagation scenarios are studied.
Determination of hyperglycemic states in mice using millimeter-wave sensing

Non-invasive detection of diabetes mellitus is of paramount importance for continuous control of glucose levels and hyperglycemic states. In this paper we demonstrate a noninvasive technique based on mm-wave spectroscopy using either mathematical data techniques or using small-signal parameter extraction. We demonstrate that we can not only detect glycemic states in animal models, but also classify glycemic states of animals before they clearly exhibit diabetes mellitus. This is important for further studies on early diabetes mellitus detection in humans.
Dual-Comb Architecture for Fast Spectroscopic Measurements and Spectral Characterization

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) generated through the modulation of continuous-wave lasers offer higher power per component, simple comb spacing control, and lower complexity and cost than traditional OFCs. By these reasons, they are an interesting optical source for spectrometers. In this letter, a dual-comb architecture based on two OFCs generated from the same laser using optical phase modulators is presented. The system features a new placement for the spectroscopic sample that increases the versatility, robustness, and stability of the instrument without requiring any reconfiguration for carrying out different types of measurement. Besides this, a self-referenced detection setup based on digital phase sensitive multitone detection improves the SNR of the previous approaches offering more flexibility in its configuration and high data output rate. The proposed architecture is validated by measuring a ro-vibrational absorption feature of HCN at 1544.51 nm and characterizing the spectral response of a fiber-coupled Fabry-Perot filter.
Query-Enabled Behavior Trees

Artificial intelligence in games is typically used for creating player's opponents. Manual editing of intelligent behaviors for nonplayer characters (NPCs) of games is a cumbersome task that needs experienced designers. Our research aims to assist designers in this task. Behaviors typically use recurring patterns, so that experience and reuse are crucial aspects for behavior design. The use of hierarchical structures like hierarchical state machines, behavior trees (BTs), or hierarchical task networks, allows working on different abstraction levels reusing pieces from the more detailed levels. However, the static nature of the design process does not release the designer from the burden of completely specifying each behavior. Our approach applies case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to retrieve and reuse stored behaviors represented as BTs. In this paper, we focus on dynamic retrieval and selection of behaviors taking into account the world state and the underlying goals. The global behavior of the NPC is dynamically built at runtime querying the CBR system. We exemplify our approach through a serious game, developed by our research group, with gameplay elements from first-person shooter (FPS) games.
Novel DC-DC Multilevel Boost Converter

This paper proposes a new DC-DC converter. The DC-DC multilevel boost converter, based on one inductor, one switch, 2N-1 diodes and 2N-1 capacitor, for N levels plus the reference (total N+1 levels), is a boost converter able to control and maintain the same voltage in all the Nx output levels, and able to control the input current. This converter is based on the multilevel converters principle, and it is proposed to be used as DC-link in applications where several controlled voltage levels are needed with self balancing and unidirectional current flow, such as photovoltaic (PV) or fuel cell generation systems with multilevel inverters. Used to feed a multilevel inverter, the proposed topology achieves a self voltage balancing; experimental results prove the principle of the proposition.
Stochastic Programming Applied to EV Charging Points for Energy and Reserve Service Markets

A more realistic management of electric vehicle (EV) charging points requires to cope with stochastic behavior on vehicle staying patterns. This paper presents a stochastic programming model to achieve optimal management taking into account price variation in day-ahead and intraday electricity markets, together with regulating reserve margins. In this model, first-stage decisions determine day-ahead energy purchases and sales and the upward and downward reserve margins committed. Second-stage decisions correspond to intraday markets and deal with reserve requirements and several possible scenarios for vehicle staying pattern. The design of the objective function prioritizes supplying energy to EV batteries while minimizing the net expected energy cost at the EV charging point. A case study describing a parking for 50 EVs is analyzed. The case includes household, commercial and mixed EV staying patterns with several intraday arrival and departure scenarios. Pure and hybrid EVs are included, taking into account their respective energy characteristics. Sensitivity analysis is used to show the potential energy cost savings and the impact of different non-supply penalizations. The case study considers several vehicle staying patterns, energy price profiles and discharge allowances. The model achieves energy cost reductions between 1% and 15% depending on the specific case. A model validation by simulation has been done.
Open source for public administration: J2Gov — Joomla to government

This project is the development of a component for the Content Management System Joomla, titled J2Gov (Joomla to government), which can cater for the requirements of public administration bodies, which relate directly to the public. In a single platform, a tool to provide an interface for online services, presential services, document management and control and measurement times and performances. In this context, this project was developed as a way to meet the needs of public administration, regardless of their size, financial capacity or technical expertise of its human resources in the field of information technology.
Stochastic contingency analysis for the unit commitment with natural gas constraints

The continuing liberalization and interconnection of energy markets worldwide has raised concerns about the inherent interdependency between primary energy supply and electric systems. With the growing interaction among energy carriers, limitations on the fuel delivery are increasingly relevant to the operation of power systems. One such issue is the impact of fuel supply in the Unit Commitment (UC). The contribution of this paper focuses on the development of a MIP UC that integrates the power and natural gas networks for the analysis of infrastructure outages. The problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic optimization problem in which the first stage optimizes commitment and production decisions and the second computes deviations in levels of production and energy flows according to possible network contingencies. Case studies integrate the IEEE 24-bus system and Belgian high-calorific gas network to compute the effect of network uncertainty in the UC, showing the importance of interactions among energy systems.
Mechanical tests in all regions of the PIP breast implants

Silicone breast implants have been used for cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery for several decades. Rupture and silicone leakage are well-known complications for silicone mammary implants. The public debate and awareness about the breast implants safety started because of the scandal associated with the Poly Implant Prostheses (PIP) manufacturer. In order to analyze rupture in these breast implants we carried out a mechanical study which included an evaluation of the mechanical shell properties, so that we can identify if the shell properties are uniform for the whole implant.
Metallic glass/PVDF magnetoelectric energy harvester working up to the radiofrequency range

Companies and researchers involved in developing miniaturized electronic devices face the basic problem of the needed batteries size, finite life of time and environmental pollution caused by their final deposition. The current trends to overcome this situation point towards Energy Harvesting technology. These harvesters (or scavengers) store the energy from sources present in the ambient (as wind, solar, electromagnetic, etc) and are costless for us.