nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A surface potential large signal model for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

This paper presents an accurate analytical surface-potential-based compact model for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for SPICE-like circuit simulation. Considering the important energy level E0, an easy-implemented analytical continuous expression for the fermi level position Ef was deduced to obtain the surface potential(SP) φs. Then analytical core models for intrinsic charge and drain current are derived based on φs. The model has been implemented in Agilent ADS by using symbolic defined device. Excellent agreement of DC I-V, fundamental output power, power added efficiency and gain is obtained for the first time compared with measurement results. Moreover, the effect of physical parameter such as the barrier thickness d on device characteristic is researched on the basic of this model. The results show that the proposed physical based model can be useful for technological parameters analysis and optimization of process.
A U-band Wilkinson type UWB power divider in LTCC technology

This paper introduces a 1:2 ultra-wideband (UWB: 41-48 GHz) Wilkinson power divider. This power divider, with microstrip, is realized on low-temperature co-fire ceramic(LTCC) substrate which has the dielectric constant of 5.7. |S<sub>11</sub>| better than 15 dB were simulated by HFSS. |S<sub>21</sub>| and |S<sub>31</sub>| less than 3.6 dB were also simulated |S<sub>22</sub>| and |S<sub>33</sub>| are better than 16dB. And |S<sub>32</sub>| are better than 22 dB by HFSS simulation result. The size of the power divider is 3.705 × 5.77 × 0.203mm<sup>3</sup>.
Context-Aware Video Retargeting via Graph Model

Video retargeting is a crowded but challenging research area. In order to maximally comfort the viewers' watching experience, the most challenging issue is how to retain the spatial shape of important objects while ensure temporal smoothness and coherence. Existing retargeting techniques deal with these spatial-temporal requirements individually, which preserve the spatial geometry and temporal coherence for each region. However, the spatial-temporal property of the video content should be context-relevant, i.e., the regions belonging to the same object are supposed to undergo uniform spatial-temporal transformation. Regardless of the contextual information, the divide-and-rule strategy of existing techniques usually incurs various spatial-temporal artifacts. In order to achieve satisfactory spatial-temporal coherent video retargeting, in this paper, a novel context-aware solution is proposed via graph model. First, we employ a grid-based warping framework to preserve the spatial structure and temporal motion trend at the unit of grid cell. Second, we propose a graph-based motion layer partition algorithm to estimate motions of different regions, which simultaneously provides the evaluation of contextual relationship between grid cells while estimating the motions of regions. Third, complementing the salience-based spatial-temporal information preservation, two novel context constraints are encoded for encouraging the grid cells of the same object to undergo uniform spatial and temporal transformation, respectively. Finally, we formulate the objective function as a quadratic programming problem. Our method achieves a satisfactory spatial-temporal coherence while maximally avoiding the influence of artifacts. In addition, the grid-cell-wise motion estimation could be calculated every few frames, which obviously improves the speed. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
A SLAM Algorithm Based on CCD Image and Odometer for Mobile Robot in Indoor Environment

In many mobile robot application, navigation is a critical issues. This paper deals with the localization and building problem in an unknown indoor environment. We propose an exploration based on the use of the sensorial data provided by one CCD camera and odometer system. In this paper, the first part of our study is linked to the problem of Vehicle Model and the algorithm model. The second part is devoted to the extracting the features of nature landmark form the CCD image and the matching problem. We can calculate estimation of landmark localization and heading angle with environment maps integrating the previous primitive observations. The third part presents our incremental map building in indoor environment of a non a priori knowledge. We deal with the problem that consists in allowing a robot to localize itself and to construct concurrently a representation of its environment. In the end, this SLAM Algorithm has been implemented with a monocular vision and odometer for indoor environment. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and the robot localized coordinate is the higher precision. SLAM algorithm which relies on robot odometer information and nature landmark can retard the positional error growth. The proposed technique is validated in experimental setups.
A full band millimeter wave power module using microstrip to waveguide 3dB power splitter/combiner

In this paper, to realize broadband power combine, we presents a full band microstrip taper probe splitter/combiner(MTPS/C), which is in the context of WR-28 waveguide and 50 Omega-microstrip line supported by duroid 5880 (epsivr=2.2, h=0.254mm). The proposed 3dB splitter shows excellent performance across the entire waveguide band. And finally a full band power module is design based upon the splitter/combiner proposed and show excellent performances across the entire band of WR-28.
DBD Plasma Jet in Atmospheric Pressure Argon

Nonthermal plasma jet was generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a 34-kHz sinusoidal power supply in argon. The power consumption ranged from several to tens of watts. The flow rate of argon, which was detected by an anemometer, greatly affected the discharge images. The gas flow temperature of the DBD plasma was measured with a thermocouple, and it was shown that, when the flow rate of argon was relatively high, its temperature was similar to room temperature and the plasma jet indicated the glow discharge characteristics. The low-temperature plasma jet is suitable for medical sterilization and surface modification of materials with irregular shapes.
A wideband waveguide-to-suspended microstrip line transition for millimeter-wave application

A wideband waveguide-to-suspended microstrip line transition using an improved antipodal finline for energy transferring, is presented. To improve the bandwidth and impedance matching, tapered structure is employed. The transition achieves over the specified 180GHz~230GHz wideband range, with its return loss better than 20dB and insertion loss less than 0.2dB, which can be widely used in the circuits of suspended microstrip line at the low frequency end of terahertz.
Distribution and Survival of Six Kinds of Indicator and Pathogenic Microorganisms in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetlands in China

Removal efficiency and distribution of six kinds of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in a full scale constructed wetlands in China were analyzed, and die-off rates of the indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in the water and the sediment of the constructed wetlands were determined. The results showed that the constructed wetlands could effectively reduce Escherichia coli by 99.9%, fecal streptococci by 99.8%, total coliforms by 99.8% and fecal coliforms by 99.8%, the Salmonella spp. removal efficiency was relatively low by 97.5% and the C. perfringens removal was the least by 77.2%. On a volume/dry weight basis the number of indicator and pathogenic organisms were two to three orders of magnitude higher in the sediment compared to the water column, which indicated the indicator and pathogenic organisms tend to concentrate in sediments of constructed wetland. The quantity of Salmonella spp. in effluent and sediment and the C. perfringens in sediment were magnitude greater than that of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and Escherichia coli. The die-off rates of the indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were quite different and were greater in the water than in the sediment. The die-off rates of fecal streptococci in water column and Salmonella spp in the sediment were highest among the six kinds of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms by 2.2041og10 day-1 and 0.4141og10 day-1 respectively, while the die-off rates of C. perfringens in water column and sediment were lowest by 0.4541og10 day-1 and 0.0151og10 day-1, respectively.
Method of License Plate Location Based on Corner Feature

License plate location (LPL) plays an important role in the license plate recognition (LPR). The license plate characters contain abundant corners which distribute intensively and regularly. Accord to the feature, a novel method to locate the license plate accurately and fast is proposed in this paper. The method is dived into three steps which are corners detection, finding out candidate license plates and locating the license plate accurately. In the course of locating license plate, three thresholds are used. First, the reasonable threshold is used to eliminate a great number of non-corner pixels to speedup corner-detections. Second, a big threshold is selected with a slid window to find out candidates. Finally, the region of candidate license plates are expanded, all the corners in it were stand out with a smaller threshold, and the license plate is located accurately using clustering analyses. Experiments have been conducted, 1200 license plate images are tested, the accuracy is 98.42% and the average consuming time is 20ms
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol in VANETs

As an important component of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS), vehicular ad hoc networks can provide safer and more comfortable driving circumstance for the drivers. To provide privacy-preserving of the vehicle's identity, to the best of our knowledge, pseudonyms certificate and group-oriented signature are two most widely accepted ways in VANET. However, the two method sexists many efficiency flaws which affect their application. To overcome the above problems which exist in the above two methods. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving authentication protocols based on self-certified signature. And we show that our scheme can achieve conditional privacy-preserving and is proven be secure in the random oracle. Furthermore, the scheme has the following advantages: short length of the signature and low computation.
Adaptive Vehicle Classification Based on Information Gain and Multi-branch BP Neural Networks

Vehicle classification is difficult yet important in traffic information collection based on the signal curves of loop transducer, and feature extraction and pattern recognition are both key processes in automatic vehicle classification. To reduce the information redundancy of feature set, and adapt the classifier to different application circumstance, an algorithm, which employs information gain for feature selection, is proposed. To avoid the limitations of general BP neural networks in multi-pattern recognition, such as divergence and so on, a multi-branch BP neural network, which divides an N-class problem into N parallel two-class problems, is also presented. Furthermore, experiment using actual data collected from Chinese national highway G107 is carried out, and its results show that the classifier based on information gain and multi-branch BP neural networks improves the performance and reduces the training time significantly
Practice of nursing students in elderly nutrition health education by human communication guiding pattern

In this paper, the aim is to evaluate the result of elderly nutrition health education in the community carried out by nursing undergraduates using different human communication patterns and explore a method used for improve the ability of their self health education in practice. Method:245 Old people were selected to receive the instruction of nutrition health education by nursing undergraduates.  The result showed that effects of nutrition health education on both the elderly and the students were good. The human communication pattern can improve the result of nutrition health instruction efficiently on the elderly. During the practice, the students can be trained fully in nutrition health education, accumulate and integrate the knowledge of various subjects, deepen their understanding of the theory and get an opportunity to put it into practice.  communication guiding pattern can not only improve their comprehensive quality but also play a good foundation for the clinical practice and the clinical work after their graduation in the future.
Ultrathin Metasurface for Controlling Electromagnetic Wave With Broad Bandwidth

In this paper, ultrathin metasurface based on phase discontinuities is proposed to manipulate electromagnetic waves in the microwave region. The gradual phase changes accumulated along the transmission path in the conventional lens are substituted with abrupt phase changes at the interface of the metasurface, which are realized by the Pancharatnam-Berry phase element. An ultrathin metasurface with a linear phase gradient is designed, fabricated, and measured. The phenomenon of anomalous refraction can be observed in a broad bandwidth, in which the cross-polarization conversion efficiency keeps approaching the theoretical limit. The measured result shows that the anomalous refraction angle can be well predicted by the generalized Snell's laws, and the efficiency keeps >20% in a broad bandwidth of 24%. Our design makes a remarkable progress in the cross-polarization conversion efficiency of the transmission-type metasurface, which is beneficial to put metasurface into practical application.
Improved BP Neural Network Classifier Based on Decision Attribute Support and PSO and Its Application on Vehicle Classification

In this paper an improved BP neural network classifier based on decision attribute support and PSO is proposed to solve the problems of BP neural network, such as low speed in convergence, easily converging to local minimum, lacking of data analysis and reasonable guidance on the network structure design. According to the change on decision attribute support as increasing and decreasing of attributes, the minimum reduction of attributes for each classification decision is obtained. The minimum reduction of attributes is used to guide the BPNN structure design. And the structure of BPNN is optimized. The traditional gradient method is replaced with PSO global optimizing algorithm that implements global convergence of BPNN. Furthermore, this paper introduces the theory of the vehicle classification, and the improved BP neural network classifier is applied into the classification. After stimulated with actual data, the improved BP neural network classifier has been proved better than the traditional BP neural network distinctly by comparing with test result
A design of the novel lowpass filter using defected ground structure

A novel 6GHz lowpass filter using defected ground structure (DGS) is presented in this paper. An equivalent circuit derived by 3D field analysis method is suggested for the proposed defected ground structure. The equivalent circuit parameters are extracted by using a simple circuit analysis method. Finally, the lowpass filter are designed and measured. The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical results and demonstrate that simple structure, small size, excellent stopband performance could be obtained through the proposed lowpass filter.
RF characterization of Through Silicon Via test structures in a 3-tier stacked wafer

Experimental RF characterization of 3D interconnects in multiple stacked wafers is presented in this study aiming to validate models of 3D interconnect components that are required for the eventual realization of a 3D heterogeneous system. TSV structures in this study were fabricated using a via middle 3D IC fabrication process at CNSE's 300mm Si wafer prototyping facility. Series of 2-tier and 3-tier test structures were fabricated using a die to wafer Cu-Cu bonding process. The feasibility of manufacturing 3D IC interconnects in multiple stacked wafers for RF applications was verified and exhibited good reproducibility and DC characteristics. We investigated the substantial impact of substrate conductivity on high frequency signal transmission in 3D communication channels. Analysis of differences between various configurations in 2-tier and 3-tier test structures provides an approach for extracting RF characteristics for isolated TSV, RDL and bond pad modules. These results will provide important design guidance for high speed 3D interconnects in multi-tier stacked wafer systems.
A Robust Approach of Sonar Image Feature Detection and Matching

This paper is concerned with Modulus Maximum of Wavelet Transform (MMWT) and a graph theoretic method. The methods are applicable to extracting features of seafloor sonar image and data association problems. We will first get image’s modulus and modulus’ direction matrix by MMWT method. And according to calculating modulus’ threshold, obtain the geometric features of the image or the point features. Then calculate geometric centrobaric coordinate of the geometric features as matching point.For point feature, feature’s Vector will be created by the combination of region direction of modulus. For geometric feature, feature’s Vector is its perimeter and area information. At last, the key points between images will be associated by Maximum Common Subgraph method and validated by the feature vectors. The experimental results show that the methods are reliable and robust in continuous sonar image of seafloor.
The rough set analysis approach to water resources allocation decisions in the inland river basin of arid regions

In this paper, the rough set approach is applied to water resources allocation in the inland river basin of arid region. A decision table of the water resources allocation in the inland river basin of arid regions is established by the real situations of the basin. Then, an optimized allocation scheduling is gained by the attribute reduction and the core computation for the decision table. As a test, an example is studied. The exemplary computation showed that not only the results are rational, but the methods are also more useful in practices. Meanwhile, the problem of allocation imbalance of water resources of the classical methods in the region studied is solved. Therefore, it provides a more reasonable and powerful method for the government management branches.
Research on cooperative navigation for multiple UUVs

When multiple unmanned underwater vehicles(UUV) are in close proximity, only a few of multiple UUVs are equipped with high precise proprioceptive localization sensors and others can but be equipped with low precise ones for the reason of cost. Though rough localization can be achieved by a dead-reckoning(DR) system, the latter can acquire measurement information by the means of two modes with the former for improving localization accuracy. Two modes are required that all UUVs must carry acoustic communication equipments. One is acoustic broadcast communication in which distance measurements are obtained based on acoustic propagation time of flight (TOF). Another is detection in which distance and orientation are gained through receiving detecting echoes. Two modes both need the UUVs who have higher localization accuracy broadcast their positions in virtue of acoustic broadcast communication. The cooperative navigation algorithm based on extended Kaiman filter (EKF) can combine effectively the measurements with the rough state estimates of the DR system to make the UUV who is equipped with low precise proprioceptive localization sensors get better position estimates. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Supply chain optimization using migration differential evolution ensemble

The optimization of a supply chain is a very hard problem for classical optimization methods. Some evolutionary algorithms have been used to deal with supply chain problem recently. In this paper, Migration Differential Evolution (MDE) is proposed by imitating nomadic migration for this supply chain problem, and an ensemble method based on different Differential Evolutions (DEs) has been presented, which not only avoids the premature convergence, but also improves its global search capability. Finally, it is applied to deal with supply chain optimization problem. Experiments show that it achieves better or comparable results as compared to the performance of approaches in the literature.
Proximity Hovering Orbital Dynamic Model and Control Method for Spacecraft

In this study the proximity hovering orbital dynamic model and control method are investigated. This dynamic model, constructed on the orbit elements, gives the relative motion between the chief satellite and the deputy satellite in the space. The continuous closed-loop orbital control law is developed based on the dynamic model, which means that through continuous limited thrust control the deputy satellite would transfer into a new maneuvering orbit, not the natural Kepler orbit. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of this dynamic model and the control law. The deputy satellite can proximity hover around the chief satellite with a little energy consume (3.79m/s velocity increment) when the desired radial distance is 500m during one orbit period.
A Distributive-Transconductance Model for Border Traps in III–V/High-k MOS Capacitors

By in-depth analysis of the electrical response of border traps in gate oxide, a new border-trap model is proposed where the ac charging and discharging current associated with those traps is proportional to the variation of the surface potential of semiconductors, resembling the behavior of transconductors. In contrast, the border trap current is directly related to the local potential in the gate oxide in the existing model. The model is then used to provide a qualitative understanding of the temperature-dependent frequency dispersion observed on the Al2O3/n-GaAs(111)A MOS capacitors at high positive bias.
Waveguide to microstrip probe transition for millimetre wave applications using LTCC technology

An improved waveguide to microstrip probe transition based on LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) technology is proposed at Ka-band. To widen the bandwidth of the transition, a matching structure beneath the probe is buried, which is formed by installing conducting ground stripes on different substrate layers connected by the staggered via side walls. The improved transition achieves over the specified 30GHz∼35.2GHz wideband range, while its return loss is better than 20dB and its minimum insertion loss is 0.3dB, according to the simulated results of HFSS, and the implemented module is compact in size (11×9×1.026mm3).
Asymptotic Behavior and Stability of SIS System with Random Perturbations

In this paper, we consider a SIS epidemic model with random perturbations. Usually, epidemiological models with bilinear incidence rate have an asymptotically stable trivial equilibrium. We present the stability conditions of the disease-free equilibrium of the stochastic SIS system for epidemics and carry out a detailed analysis on asymptotic stability in pth moment.
Left-handed coplanar waveguide bandpass miniaturized filter loaded split ring resonator

The Left Handed (LH) behavior of different types of artificial periodic structures is currently an attractive research subject. Different types of the so-called "metamaterials" have been recently proposed, and among them, several technologies that could be used as frequency selective transmission lines. In this paper, a novel miniaturized left-handed coplanar waveguide (CPW) Band pass filter loaded split ring resonator (SRR) is presented. An equivalent circuit for LH frequency selective meta materials based on Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) and periodically short circuited coplanar waveguide is analyzed. This filter is destined for low frequency applications, since a resonant frequency of 2.1 GHz has been achieved.