nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative research on low speed sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper carries on the comparative research on the problem of bad performance of convergence and low accuracy of sensor-less control in standstill and low speed region. Although, sensor-less control with high frequency signal injection (HFSI) can be independent of parameters of motors and achieve high performance speed control with vector control scheme, it depends on some complicated digital filters to achieve signal identification and also the high frequency signals injected in motors can arouse boring vibration and acoustic noise. In contrast, an open-loop sensorless control scheme has been proposed in this paper with the advantages of simple structure, without complicated filters, independent of parameters and salient effect and can also achieve self-regulation according to the load conditions. Whereas, the disadvantages of open-loop control are the load capacity of anti-disturbance and speed vibrancies with load variations. For this reason, the selection of control scheme in low speed region needs to be based on the consideration of performance requirement and cost of control system.
Carbon flux and evapotranspiration in an oasis-desert wetland

Wetland is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem because of their unique water-heat effects and greenhouse gas (GHG) metabolic processes. However, the variations in carbon flux and ET in wetland are not yet fully understood. Zhangye wetland is an oasis-desert wetland with complex meteorological conditions. In this study, we used eddy covariance technology and process-based to examine the characteristics of carbon flux and ET over an artificial wetland in an oasis-desert area. The main objectives were to determine that (1) is it a carbon sink or source during the study period? (2) is there a significant relationship between the simulation using Biome-BGC model (Wetland-BGC version) and observation? The results showed that (1) it was a carbon sink in non-growing season in Zhangye wetland, whereas it was a carbon pool during the growing season; and CH4 flux influenced the total carbon budget significantly; (2) the relationship between observation and simulation was higher than 0.6 (GPP, Reco and ET), but it was 0.3065 on NEE.
Coattention based BiLSTM for answer selection

Attention based recurrent neural networks have achieved great success in answer selection, which is an important subtask of question answering (QA). However, previous work used fixed representation of question to compute the attention information for answers, which fails to extract the influence that answers make on question. In our work, we propose a coattention based bidirectional LSTM for answer selection. Distinct from previous attention based work, we resort to a coattention encoder to capture the interactions between the question and the answers, which generates different question representations according to the answers. We carry out large-scale experiments on WikiQA dataset. Our proposed model achieves good MAP (0.7148) and MRR (0.7289) on the test set and outperforms many strong baselines.
Automatic error detection and correction approach in Chinese text based on features and learning

Language models adopted by most existing error detection and correction approaches of Chinese text are N-Gram models of characters, words or POS tags. Their deficiencies are that only the local language constraint is employed and there is no language model unification process. A feature-based automatic error detection and correction approach is presented. It uses both local language features and wide-scope semantic features. Winnow is adopted in the learning step. In experiment, this method achieved an error detection recall rate of 85%, precise rate of 41% and error correction rate of 51%. It shows that the approach performs better than the existing approaches based on N-Gram models.
A unified model and direct extraction methodologies of various CPWs for CMOS mm-wave applications

In this paper, a novel unified model for various CPWs, including standard coplanar waveguides (CPW), grounded CPW (GCPW), CPW with slotted shield (SCPW), and corresponding direct extraction methodologies are proposed and investigated. In the SPICE-compatible model, a new C-L-R series path in the parallel branch is introduced to describe the electromagnetic coupling for CPWs with large lower ground or shield, while other kinds of high frequency effects including substrate loss, and skin effect are considered to explain the frequency-dependent per-unit-length Lx, Cx, Rx, and Gx parameters. The direct extraction procedure are established which can ensure both accuracy and simplicity compared with other reported methods. The model is verified by IBM 90nm CMOS processes with SLOT de-embedding techniques. Excellent agreement between the model and the measured data for different CPWs is achieved up to 67GHz. The direct extraction methodologies ensure the feasibility and availability of scalable modeling of CPWs for circuit designer.
CAR: Contour-based routing in wireless sensor networks

MAP is a connectivity-based routing protocol aimed at improving the load balance performance of traditional geographical routing methods. It attempts to find parallel routing paths by taking advantage of the concept of skeleton in the continuous domain. However, MAP suffers seriously from overloading the sensor nodes that are close to the skeleton. In this paper, we propose a contour-based routing protocol, CAR, that does not require geographical information, produces short routing paths, and achieves outstanding load balancing. Our experimental results show that CAR outperforms MAP in terms of both load balancing and routing path length.
A streaming-based approach for remote interaction of the multi-channel display system for group users

Multi-channel display system is more suitable for collaboration applications than common desktop PC. In tradition, such multi-channel displays are used by a group of collocated users. In this paper, we propose one remote interaction system to allow a group of users to simultaneously access the multi-channel display on common PCs. Our system can achieve real time performance under mainstream network environment, which is difficult for the previous work even under the network testbed of high bandwidth. In the system, the multi-channel video generated on the server side is captured by synchronizing a group of capturing processes. For achieving real time performance, one hierarchical subtile-based approach is designed to represent and compress the multi-channel video using MPEG2. The system selectively streams the bitstream containing the region of visible pixels to the corresponding client. For controlling the multichannel application on client side, we refactor the architecture of VNC software, and integrate the enhanced version into our system. Experimental results show that our system achieves real time performance when simultaneously serving group users.
Cooperative spectrum allocation with QoS support in cognitive cooperative vehicular ad hoc networks

To solve the contradiction between the increasing demand of diverse vehicular wireless applications and the shortage of spectrum resource, a novel cognitive cooperative vehicular ad-hoc network (CC-VANET) framework is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we develop an adaptive cognitive spectrum sensing (ACSS) mechanism which can help to trigger and adjust the spectrum sensing window according to network traffic load status and communication quality. And then, Generalized Nash Bargaining Solution (GNBS), which can achieve a good tradeoff between efficiency and weighted fairness, is proposed to formulate the asymmetric inter-cell resource allocation. Finally, GNBS-Safety (GNBS-S) scheme is developed to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) of safety applications, especially in the heavy load status, where the bandwidth demanded and supplied cannot be matched well. Furthermore, the primary user activity (PUA) which can cause rate loss to secondary users, is also considered to alleviate its influence to fairness. Simulation results indicate that the proposed CC-VANET scheme can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce the transmission delay and packet loss rate on the heavy contention status. And GNBS spectrum allocation scheme outperforms both the Max-min and Max-rate schemes, and can enhance the communication reliability of safety service considerably in CC-VANET.
A fault tolerant sensorless techniques for switched reluctance motor

A fault tolerant position estimation for Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is proposed in the paper based on relationship between inductance and rotor position. First, the particular position signal is obtained by comparing the real-time flux linkage with the particular position flux linkage, the position is estimated by the particular position signal. Second, the delay method is used based on inter-phase independence under the phase fault, the fault phase position is estimated by the normal phase the particular position signal. Finally, the experimental have been implemented in a 12/8 structure SRM prototype. The results show that the proposed methods are verified the correctness and feasibility.
A Novel Hierarchical Semisupervised SVM for Classification of Hyperspectral Images

This letter presents a novel hierarchical semisupervised support vector machine (SVM) for classification of hyperspectral images. The method exploits the wealth of unlabeled samples by means of their cluster features. The method learns a suitable framework for classifying cluster features by a semisupervised SVM and thus makes use of advantages of clustering and classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed classification method is effective for hyperspectral image classification when a few labeled samples are available. Another advantage of the proposed method is that the hierarchical structure can simultaneously take clustering and classification information into consideration.
A new governor control algorithm to suppress the pumped-storage unit “S” shape characteristic influence

One of the difficult problems in large pumped storage unit' localization process is inhibited “S” shape characteristic impact. This paper puts forward a kind of switching controller: dual differential channel control algorithm (PID2), the background is the conventional PID control algorithm to inhibition of pumped storage unit “S” shape characteristics. Compared with the conventional PID algorithm simulation, and the field application test in Anhui Xiangshuijian pumped storage power station show that, the proposed algorithm can effectively inhibit the pumped storage unit “S” shape characteristics author.
An optimal digital pulse-width-modulated dither technique to enhance the resolution of wide bandgap device-based high frequency power converters

Wide bandgap semiconductors have been increasingly adopted to enhance the efficiency and reduce the volume of power converters, as these devices are able to switch at dozens of megahertz or even 100 megahertz with lower power losses. However, such a high frequency operation may impose a challenge to the digital control system, and the required clock frequency should be up to 100 gigahertz in high precision applications, which is difficult to realize in low-cost microprocessors such as field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Instead of using hardware-dependent high frequency clocks, an alternative solution is to utilize digital pulse-width-modulated (DPWM) dither techniques to enhance the DPWM resolution. Unfortunately, this is achieved at the expense of introducing low frequency harmonics, which may complicate the output filter and system controller design. In this paper, an optimal dither technique is proposed to enhance the resolution of DPWM power converters. The concepts of positive dither and negative dither are first proposed in this paper. Furthermore, vector diagram-based analysis indicates that with the combination of positive dithers, negative dithers and a carefully selected dither sequence, the lowest order harmonics can be completely eliminated when the dither period is multiples of six switching periods. In other cases, the proposed optimal dither technique can produce minimized lowest order harmonics. Finally, experimental results obtained from a synchronous buck converter validate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
A mission success probability model for equipment system of warship based on the Monte Carlo method

A mission completion success probability model under given spares support for series and parallel system is established aiming at mission requirement of uninterrupted work. The numerical algorithm for the model is given based on Monte Carlo technique. The model can solve the problem of mission completion success probability calculation under the complex instance such as the component of system with independent but different distribution and the component with non-exponential withal considering worked time. Therefore, the model can apply to the mission completion success probability evaluation for equipment system of warship.
An Online System of Multispectral Palmprint Verification

Palmprint is a unique and reliable biometric characteristic with high usability. With the increasing demand of highly accurate and robust palmprint authentication system, multispectral imaging has been employed to acquire more discriminative information and increase the antispoof capability of palmprint. This paper presents an online multispectral palmprint system that could meet the requirement of real-time application. A data acquisition device is designed to capture the palmprint images under Blue, Green, Red, and near-infrared (NIR) illuminations in less than 1 s. A large multispectral palmprint database is then established to investigate the recognition performance of each spectral band. Our experimental results show that the red channel achieves the best result, whereas the Blue and Green channels have comparable performance but are slightly inferior to the NIR channel. After analyzing the extracted features from different bands, we propose a score level fusion scheme to integrate the multispectral information. The palmprint verification experiments demonstrated the superiority of multispectral fusion to each single spectrum, which results in both higher verification accuracy and antispoofing capability.
Analysis of false traceroute links in the presence of per-packet load balancing

Load balancing is one major cause of the false traceroute link problem in Internet topology measurements. In this paper, the problem of false traceroute links in the presence of per-packet load balancing is illustrated and analyzed. The false traceroute links in the presence of symmetric and asymmetric per-packet load balancing are analyzed and formulized independently. According to our analysis, traceroue may produce a large number of false links in the context of per-packet load balancing. Furthermore, tracerouting in the presence of asymmetric per-packet load balancing may produce much more false links than tracerouting in the presence of symmetric per-packet load balancing.
CRAC: Cognitive Radio Assisted Cooperation for Downlink Transmissions in OFDMA-Based Cellular Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel framework of cognitive radio assisted cooperation (CRAC) for downlink transmissions in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) - based cellular networks. In the proposed CRAC framework, relay stations are deployed in each cell and have spectrum sensing capability. In turn, they can access unoccupied white space to opportunistically obtain additional sub-channels to assist relaying information for cellular users. One of promising novelties is that the proposed CRAC considers joint resource allocation which includes transmission mode selection, relay station allocation, and transmit power/sub-channel allocation, to cost-effectively provide services and applications. Specifically, we first formulate the joint resource allocation as a sum utility maximization problem with power constraints on the base station and relay stations, which is a mixed integer programming problem. Then, we leverage dual decomposition method and derive a centralized optimal solution. Extensive simulation results are presented and demonstrate that the proposed CRAC can achieve a significant performance improvement in terms of the downlink network throughput while maintaining comparable fairness among cellular users in contrast to the traditional relay-based cooperation approach.
A novel range cell migration correction algorithm for highly squinted SAR imaging

Squint minimization processing (SMP) with a range-walk correction is widely used to simplify the range and azimuth coupling for highly squinted synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. However, SMP destructs the azimuth shift invariance of conventional SAR transfer function, which severely degrades the range cell migration correction (RCMC) accuracy. A novel algorithm is proposed in this paper to removed the residual RCM for highly squinted airborne SAR with the subaperture (SA) processing, due to the analytic expression of the residual RCM in SA image domain. Real measured data sets validate the proposed algorithm could obtain a better focusing performance for highly squinted SAR imaging.
A numerical approach for macroscopic property simulation in global energy interconnection

The construction of global energy interconnection (GEI) enables to optimally allocate energy resources and protect the environment. Nevertheless, the promotion of GEI is still faced with many practical difficulties and shows a great number of complicated dynamic characteristics. A set of emergencies that may affect GEI is defined and modeled by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) intervention model in this paper. Then the system dynamics model describing the macroscopic property of GEI is established and the system flowchart is given. Since GEI has high-dimensional nonlinear characteristics, a numerical approach for GEI macroscopic property simulation is proposed. Improved Euler Method is adopted to solve differential and algebraic equations step by step. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by the 911 Event using ARIMA intervention model and macroscopic property simulation of GEI in section IV.
Air voids measurement on asphalt mixes section surface based on image analysis

Asphalt concrete is a porous and no uniform material; air void always plays an important role in asphalt concrete quality control. This study describes a new analytical method to quantify the air voids on section surface of asphalt mixes based on image analysis. This study establish a credible relationship of natural logarithmic between the micro index from this new measurement and traditional macro index of air voids and put forward a uniform method which can predict the percent air voids being suitable to various aggregates of asphalt concrete and easy to promote based on image analysis. This study also established a system approach to analyze the image features of air voids and defined the composition of the air voids features which are geometry, gray-scale and spatial distribution features. These image features of air voids can establish a quantized correlation with percent air voids or other macro index and can explain the phenomenon that some macro index conflict each other. It is necessary to study further into the micro level of air void properties; the image analysis technique provided in this paper will be a powerful too to study the features of air voids.
A Micro-grid Control System Based on EtherCAT

In micro-grid control system, control strategies and communication which can directly influence the speed and reliability performance of the system are the two main problems which need to be considered. In order to improve these performances, this paper presents a new structure which classified the components into levers according to their characteristics. This lever structure makes the system very clear, which is very helpful for making right control strategies. More importantly, an excellent communication protocol Ether CAT which is well known for its capability of speed is adopted to transform data in this paper. Finally, a contrast experiment exactly proved that Ether CAT is greatly improved the communication speed in this lever structure micro-grid control system.
An Improved Semantic Annotation Method of Web Services Based on Ontology

As the foundation of service discovery, match, and composition, the solution to semantic description of Web services is the primary issue in semantic Web services. Aiming at adding semantic description to Web services, and solving problems of similarity calculations in Web services semantic annotation, an improved annotation method was developed: using similarities between WSDL and ontology to annotate services. The method improves similarity algorithms from two aspects: on one hand, the most-related concepts are filtered out according to name similarities between concepts so as to reduce the computational work; on the other, setting different weights to different sub-concepts to raise the accuracy of the structural similarity algorithm. Tests annotating dozens of WSDL in weather has an accuracy of 82.5%.
Analysis on the Behavior of Protection of 500kV Breaker Protection

This paper described the inherent mechanism of 500kV breaker protection operation. Analyzed the breaker protection action sequence based on the relay protection equipment action report and fault wave in chart recorder. Conducted the fault replay experiment on the logic of software and circuit configuration about communication triple trip. The results show that relay contacts blocking is the primary cause of breaker protection mal-operation, which is verified by microscope examination, X-ray inspection and SEM mechanical tests. Finally, this paper proposed the precautionary measures from three aspects included equipment manufacture, field installation, operation and maintenance.
A domain specific architecture description language for Autonomous Mobile Robots

As mobile robots have been more and more widely applied, their tasks become more and more complicated. Architectures of robots encapsulate and model the algorithms and hardware into components. How to organize and configure these components to make them work together appropriately becomes one of the most important research subjects. Domain specific model driven architecture is a development approach by modeling systems into architecture models, and then generating the source codes from these architecture models. In this paper, we propose a domain specific model driven architecture framework for Autonomous Mobile Robots(AMR). Our proposed framework can improve the reusability of architectures and reduce the time and cost of system development.