nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Color style transfer by constraint locally linear embedding

This paper presents a new semi-automatic method for color style transfer between images, which enhances the artistic expression of a image while preserving the content. Our method consists of three steps. (1) We first parse an input image into several semantic objects according to different material properties using interactive algorithms. (2) We search for a proper reference image from library using the semantic information. (3) The dominant colors of the input image and reference image are computed by clustering, and then we propose a constrainted locally linear embedding (CLLE) algorithm to perform color style transfer on the input image. In the experiments, we apply the proposed method to several photos to produce expressive results.
A graph-based approach for automatic service activation and deactivation on the OSGi platform

More and more mobile and embedded devices, such as home appliances and network devices, have selected OSGi as the software management platform. As a result, the resource management of the OSGi platform has become a critical issue. This paper focuses on how to enhance the efficiency of resource utilization in terms of the service activation and deactivation. We propose the service activator (SA), which is designed as an OSGi bundle, to on-demand activate and deactivate OSGi services, so that the resources required by services can be allocated and deallocated automatically. This involves a graph-based representation of services dependencies and two new algorithms. We have implemented the SA on an OSGi implementation (Knopflerfish); a home network prototype with a home surveillance scenario is presented to demonstrate the feasibility. Furthermore, a simulator is developed to further evaluate the SA in terms of several scenarios; the results show that the SA performs well for a wide range of bundles, and the processing overhead is low.
Enhancement of catalytic efficiency by partial replacement of ruthenium with platinum nanoparticles for direct methanol fuel cell

In this paper, an open-loop reduction system (OLRS)  is employed to produce the core-shell Pt (platinum)/Ru (ruthenium) catalysts on the carbon nanotube/carbon fiber supports (CNT/CF) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application. By adjusting pH value of the ionized reduction environment, Pt4+ can be first converted into Pt2+ to allow partial Ru replacement with Pt by redox transmetalation and produce Pt/Ru core-shell nano structures [2,3]. Methanol oxidation efficiency and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning tolerance of the prepared core-shell nano catalysts can be greatly enhanced by our developed OLRS compared to conventional reflux system .
A hybrid evolutionary approach for robust active suspension design of light rail vehicles

This paper is concerned with the design of a robust active suspension controller for light rail vehicles aimed at providing superior ride comfort within the suspension's traveling range. A multibody dynamic model of a three-car train is set up and the control parameters are optimized. Force cancellation, skyhook damper, and track-following concepts are used to synthesize the active controller. Selection of the active suspension parameters is aided by an evolutionary computation algorithm to get the best compromise between ride quality, suspension deflections due to irregular gradient tracks, and robust stability of the control system. A mixed gradient and evolutionary multiobjective optimization approach accompanied with the Pareto set and variable weights are developed to deal with the complicated control design task. Extensive simulations and comparisons are performed to verify the proposed design.
Diamond Heat Spreader Layer for High-Power Thin-GaN Light-Emitting Diodes

A diamond-coating layer is studied as a heat spreading layer for a thin-GaN light-emitting diode (LED) chip. Our results show that this diamond layer can effectively spread the heat and improve the temperature uniformity of a thin-GaN LED chip, which enhances the heat dissipation efficiency down to the heat sink. With the diamond heat spreading layer, the junction temperature of the thin-GaN LED was reduced by 20 C at 1-A current input and the uniformity of the temperature distribution is also greatly improved.
Semantics-driven portrait cartoon stylization

This paper proposes an efficient framework for transforming an input human portrait image into an artistic cartoon style. Compared to the previous work of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), our method exploits the portrait semantics for enriching and manipulating the cartooning style, based on a semantic grammar model. The proposed framework consists of two phases: a portrait parsing phase to localize and recognize facial components in a hierarchic manner, and further calculate the portrait saliency with the facial components; a cartoon stylizing phase to abstract and cartoonize the portrait according to the parsed semantics and saliency, in which the regions and structure (edges/boundaries) of the portrait are rendered in two layers. In the experiments, we test our method with different types of human portraits: daily photos, identification photos, and studio photos, and find satisfactory results; a quantitative evaluation of subjective preference is presented as well.
A novel nondestructive determination of refractive indices and thicknesses of transparent lenses

A novel nondestructive method of measuring the refractive indices and thicknesses of transparent lenses has been developed. Experimental measurements and numerical computations have been complementarily adopted in the paper. Experimentally, five selected lens samples will be used to quantitatively measure the radii of curvature and the best focusing positions on the both surfaces of the lenses. Subsequently, the refractive indices and thicknesses of the lens samples will be obtained through a derived numerical methodology. Such a measurement method of the refractive index and thickness of a lens has not been reported in the past. The results of the measured refractive index and thickness will be identified and compared with the nominal results. The uncertainties for both the refractive index and thickness of the lens will be deduced as well.
Investigation of Fast Algorithm for Correlation Integral Method

Two fast algorithms for correlation integral (i.e. CI) method are presented based on our investigative result that the number of the correlated pairs in phase space is equal to the summation of the number of the pairs in each set and between distinct pairs of sets when the phase space is divided into some sets of points. Uniform computational analysis allows a clear comparison of the two algorithms, and indicates they are both able to improve the efficiency of the correlation integral method remarkably. The first decreases only the computational complexity of partial CI; the second is powerful since it reduces that of all CI except the first one. Therefore, the second is in particular suitable for fast processing of long time series. They will motivate the application of correlation integral method in the relevant fields. More generally, the computational framework can be used in similar problems involving long-range interactions
A pseudo fixed switching frequency 2kHz/A in optimum on-time control buck converter with predicting correction technique for EMI solution

This paper repots an optimum on-time (OOC) control with predicting correction technique (PCT) for ripple-based buck converter. The switching frequency (FSW) variation is analyzed with completely considering the parasitic resistances of the components and devices. The proposed converter achieved nearly constant switching frequency over a wide load range without extra clock controlled circuits and current sensing circuits. The parameters of the parasitic resistances almost cause no influence and no restriction on FSW performance. Actually, only the input voltage is necessary to predict the optimum on-time, and this work benefits the decease on total pin numbers. The simulation results demonstrate 0.375% ΔFSW/FSW and 2kHz/A ΔFSW/ΔILOAD over 1.5A load current change. Consequently, pseudo constant FSW with known noise spectrum strongly benefits the solution of electromagnetic interference (EMI) issue for system-on-chip (SoC).
Adaptive wireless power charging system

There are two novel techniques in the research of wireless power transfer (WPT), i.e. bidirectional WPT and bidirectional data transmission. The bidirectional WPT allows vehicles to be charged and provide charge to other accepting objects; the bidirectional data transmission allows the WPT system charging without any additional communication device. Both of them are sensitive to the induction coil alignment. Due to the misalignment between the transmission coil and the receiver coil, the output power will result in a drop. The misalignment problem affects the power transmission efficiency significantly. This paper combines bidirectional wireless power transfer with bidirectional data transmission, and constructs a complete bidirectional charging system through a fuzzy control strategy to resolve the issue.
Phase contrast imaging of waves and instabilities in high temperature magnetized fusion plasmas

Phase contrast imaging (PCI) is an internal reference beam interferometry technique which provides a direct image of line integrated plasma density fluctuations. The method has been used with great success to measure waves and turbulence in magnetically confined high temperature plasmas. The principle of PCI was developed in optics in the 1930s by the Dutch physicist Zernike, leading to the development of phase-contrast microscopy. The technique allows one to detect the variation of the index of refraction of a dielectric medium (such as a plasma) due to the presence of waves or turbulent fluctuations. The image produced by the introduction of a phase plate in the beam path, and subsequently imaging the expanded laser beam onto a detector array can be used to calculate wavelengths and correlation lengths of fluctuations in high temperature plasmas. In this paper, the principle of PCI is summarized and examples of measurements from the DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod tokamak plasmas are given.
Estimation of Reservoir Parameters From Inversion of Triaxial Induction Data Constrained by Mud-Filtrate Invasion Modeling

Mud-filtrate invasion happens commonly during the drilling and has a great effect on the triaxial induction logging data. A good description of the invasion can help achieve a better understanding of the formation. A mud-filtrate invasion constrained inversion approach is thus introduced to simultaneously invert for the sand fraction ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\text{sand}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), irreducible water saturation (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{\text{wr}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), and average invasion rate ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula>) with the triaxial induction logging data in anisotropic laminated sand–shale formations. In the inversion, the dynamic mud-filtrate invasion is modeled to account for the invasion effect. The invasion modeling provides the profiles of water saturation and salt concentration, which can be used to obtain the conductivity in the sand formation through a saturation-conductivity model (e.g., Archie's law). The anisotropic resistivities <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_h$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_v$</tex-math></inline-formula> of the laminated sand–shale formation can then be calculated by the anisotropic bimodal system based on the obtained sand conductivity and the shale anisotropic resistivities <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $R_{\text{shale}{,}h}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $R_{\text{shale}{,}v}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The triaxial induction logging is finally modeled with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_h$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_v$</tex-math></inline-formula>. By matching the calculated logging data with the measured data, the unknowns <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\text{sand}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{\text{wr}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be estimated. A quantitative evaluation of the new inversion scheme is performed with the triaxial induction tool Rt Scanner. The synthetic data without noise and with 2% white Gaussian noise are used. From the inversion tests, we observe that the sand fraction and irreducible water saturation can be well estimated by the long-offset measurements, which are less affected by the mud-filtrate invasion in the scenario that the invasion is not deep. In contrast, the short-offset measurements are more sensitive to the average invasion rate, since the detection range of these measurements is in the vicinity of the borehole. In the inversion, the sand fraction, irreducible water saturation, and average invasion rate are estimated simultaneously. The good agreement between the estimated results with their true values demonstrates the effectiveness of the invasion constrained inversion scheme.
Capacitance extraction of on-chip circular stacked inductors

In this paper, we proposed a method to characterize the capacitive coupling effects in circular stacked inductors, which takes the non-overlapping between upper and bottom traces of different layers into account. Compared with the full-wave method and the analytical method with completely overlapping assumption, our method can predict self-resonant frequency (f/sub SR/) for on-chip circular stacked inductors used in RFICs more accurately.
The Iterative Calculation of Full Capacity of Roundabouts

The full capacity of roundabout is the maximum value of the sums of all entry flows. On the assumption that the traffic operation characteristics are remained unchanged which include critical gap, the minimum headway, the following headway and the turn-orientation proportion of each entry, the sum of all entry flows is the full capacity of roundabout when each entry flow is equal to the entry capacity correspondingly. The entry capacity can be calculated by use of the equation based on the gap acceptance theory. This process can be finished with the help of computer. This paper analyzed the difference of calculations between single-lane roundabouts and double-lane roundabouts. The full capacities are calculated using the roundabout cases in Dalian, China. The theoretical calculation value was verified and the study found that full capacity of roundabouts should be unique solution and unrelated with the initial flows of entries.
A novel depletion-gate amorphous silicon thin-film transistor

A novel type of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistor (TFT) in which a depletion gate is added to the top of the second nitride layer of a conventional a-Si TFT has been fabricated. In this transistor, switching is done by the depletion gate instead of the accumulation gate as in conventional a-Si TFTs. The pinch-off voltage and ON-OFF current ratio of the transistor can be changed by the accumulation gate bias. The transistor exhibits high ON-OFF current ratio, low contact resistance, and low gate-source capacitance.<<ETX>>
An Analytical Approach for Quantifying Clock Jitter Effects in Continuous-Time Sigma&#8211;Delta Modulators

Continuous-time sigma-delta modulators (CTSDMs) may suffer severe performance degradation from the timing error in a quantizer clock. We present an analytical approach to quantify the performance loss due to clock jitter in a CTSDM. Unlike many prior works that model the timing error of clocks as additive white Gaussian phase noise, we propose a jitter model that exhibits an auto-regression form, so we term it auto regressive (AR) jitter. This AR jitter model shows exactly the same jitter behavior as that of a clock generated by practical phase-locked loops. Based on this AR jitter model, we establish an analytical approach to examine the intricate effects of clock uncertainty on CTSDM system performance. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed analytical method by showing its excellent agreement with simulation results. The analytical method enables a profound insight into the problem of how clock jitter degrades the system performance and also provides a guideline on how to minimize the detrimental effects of clock jitter
Deep Dual Learning for Semantic Image Segmentation

Deep neural networks have advanced many computer vision tasks, because of their compelling capacities to learn from large amount of labeled data. However, their performances are not fully exploited in semantic image segmentation as the scale of training set is limited, where perpixel labelmaps are expensive to obtain. To reduce labeling efforts, a natural solution is to collect additional images from Internet that are associated with image-level tags. Unlike existing works that treated labelmaps and tags as independent supervisions, we present a novel learning setting, namely dual image segmentation (DIS), which consists of two complementary learning problems that are jointly solved. One predicts labelmaps and tags from images, and the other reconstructs the images using the predicted labelmaps. DIS has three appealing properties. 1) Given an image with tags only, its labelmap can be inferred by leveraging the images and tags as constraints. The estimated labelmaps that capture accurate object classes and boundaries are used as ground truths in training to boost performance. 2) DIS is able to clean tags that have noises. 3) DIS significantly reduces the number of perpixel annotations in training, while still achieves state-ofthe- art performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of DIS, which outperforms an existing bestperforming baseline by 12.6% on Pascal VOC 2012 test set, without any post-processing such as CRF/MRF smoothing.
Inkjet Printhead Arrays with No Separating Wall Between Bubbles

Present work proposes an innovative design of microbubble generator with no separating wall between bubbles, i.e. no manifold and no chamber, so that faster refilling rate and higher resolution can be achieved. This design concept is illustrated by operating three micro heaters in parallel with different delay times of the central heater. The bubble images and induced flowfield in growth/collapsed processes are recorded by CCD camera and measured by micro particle image velocimetry (PIV). In addition, the measured flowfields are compared with numerical simulations based on conservation equations of mass and momentum. This study proposes the use of delay time between adjacent bubbles to mimic the chamber barrier and build pressure of different strength correlating to delay time.
A direct AC-DC and DC-DC cross-source energy harvesting circuit with analog iterating-based MPPT technique with 72.5% conversion efficiency and 94.6% tracking efficiency

The proposed cross-source energy (CSE) harvesting circuit can accept universal energy sources, including AC and DC sources. The buck-boost conversion of CSE harvesting circuit automatically converts AC or DC input into DC output without being limited by universal input voltage range. CSE harvesting circuit provides dual outputs, a regulated output and a battery charging output, to optimally arrange harvest energy with 72.5% of power efficiency. A backup converter is designed to cooperate with CSE harvesting circuit to guarantee voltage stability of the regulated output. The proposed analog iterating-based (AIB) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique achieves 94.6% tracking efficiency without complex data calculation and storage compared to previous techniques.
Improving Virtual Sample Generation for Small Sample Learning with Dependent Attributes

Since the product life cycles are getting shorter and shorter, the issue of small data set learning has drawn more and more attentions in both academics and enterprises. Many methods have been proposed to improve the learning performance of small data set. In these methods, the virtual sample generation approach is the most popular technique for improving small data learning. In the process of virtual sample generation, the attribute independence in small data is the key part to determine the learning performance, because it is the necessary assumption before generating virtual samples. However, in the real world, attributes in the data set usually are not mutual independent. Therefore, this paper proposes a new process to generate independent virtual samples based on the box-and-whisker plot domain estimation. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, one data set is used to calculate the classification accuracy average and standard deviation based on the support vector machine. The results of the experiment show that the presented method has a superior classification performance than other methods.
Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the porous structure induced by high current density in the flip-chip solder joints

There are several identified failure mechanisms such as void formation and propagation, the local melting mechanism and the underbump metallization (UBM) dissolution in flip chip solder joints. In our previous studies Ni(V) UBM consumption was also found to cause the failure. The flip chip solder joint used in this study was with Al/Ni(V)/Cu UBM on the chip side and an Au/Ni surface finish on the substrate side. The solder was used by eutectic PbSn. The aging temperature was constant 150°C and a 0.32A current stressing was applied to make a nominal current density of 5 x 103A/cm2. Owing to the combined effects of current crowding and local Joule heating, the microstructure of the Ni(V) UBM near the entrance of the electrons into the joints was transformed to a porous structure after 550 hours. Afterwards the porous structure propagated all over the UBM to make the solder joints fail since the porous structure was non-conductive. The microstructure was firstly observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and subsequently focused ion beam (FIB) was used to fabricate specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. The porous structure was composed of many voids near the interface of Ni(V)/(Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and a void-free area near the interface of Ni(V)/Al. Energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) analysis on TEM was performed for composition analyses. In the porous structure almost no Ni signal was detected except for the region near the interface of Ni(V)/Al. Pb-rich dark patches observed in the porous structure revealed that a severe diffusion behavior was occurred during electromigration. Selected area diffraction patterns (SADPs) were derived to identify phases. The results showed that the matrix of the porous structure was amorphous. Fine grains of Cu6Sn5 and V2Sn3 were randomly distributed in the matrix of the porous structure and a thin layer of Ni3Sn4 was located at the interface of Ni(V)/Al.