nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Searching for the firm's sustainable competitive advantage by a new approach: the resource and integration-based view (RIBV) of the firm

The nature of the firm's strategy is to pursue the firm's rent, which is the goal of the firm's sustainable competitive advantage. The traditional neoclassical economics and RBV studied the derivation of the firm's rent from one aspect. The former thinks rent stems from an imperfectly competitive market structure, and the latter thinks it is resource heterogeneity. This paper suggests that the core of "rent"(or SCA) of the enterprise stems not only from "heterogeneity resources" but also the "integration" of "heterogeneity resources" and other resources in the enterprise. Based on the study of integration mechanism by economics and management methods, this paper suggests the enterprise rent's differential under the integration and nonintegration condition.
A wideband balanced bandpass filter with common-mode suppression using defected ground structure

A microstrip wideband balanced bandpass filter (BPF) with defected ground structure is presented. Firstly, a four-port microstrip differential-mode BPF is designed. Then, the defected ground structure is employed to suppress the common-mode responses while it has very little impact on the differential-mode responses. Finally, the balanced BPF is designed and optimized. Simulated and measured results show good performances of the proposed balanced BPF, such as differential passband with sharp roll-off and wide stopband performance, and common-mode suppressing.
Channel quality estimation and adaptive trellis-coded modulation with macrodiversity

Adaptive trellis-coded modulation with the aid of macrodiversity is proposed for slowly Rayleigh fading channels with lognormal shadowing. We propose also the use of differences between the partial Euclidean distance metrics (or a suitable modification) of the best trellis path and the second best path averaging along the surviving path as channel quality measures. Simulation shows that the channel quality estimation could give us a packet-by-packet estimation of channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation with an error within 1 dB. The estimation could be used in our adaptive trellis-coded modulation with macrodiversity scheme to choose the best signal from three nearby base stations (BS) and also be used to adjust the data rate of the transmitters. Simulation results show that a system with such an estimation technique, using macrodiversity in adaptive trellis-coded modulation scheme could bring nearly 30% throughput improvement and at higher average SNR situation, it could also bring a reduction in bit-error-rate (BER) bounds up to one order of magnitude.
Characterizing human gene splice sites using evolved regular expressions

In this paper, an algorithm using evolved regular expressions to characterize and predict human gene splice sites without any prior knowledge is described. In contrast to previous pattern-based approaches to the splice site detection problem, the patterns to be matched are unknown in advance and discovered using a supervised learning approach. We have used a genetic programming based system, PerlGP, to evolve regular expressions and proper length windows for a long sequence in which the evolved regular expressions can effectively characterize and predict the splice junctions. Since the gene splicing process is too complex to be fully understood currently, and the widely accepted consensus sequences only reflect some partial statistical information around splice sites, not to mention defining a splice site. However, our evolved regular expressions may shed new light on the underlying rules that define splice sites. Experimental results demonstrate that using the evolved regular expressions, splice junctions could be accurately characterized, furthermore, these evolved regular expressions could also be employed as a predictor to detect whether a CT/AG containing sequence is a splice site or not. Our experimental results also exhibit that the performance of this approach for predicting human gene splice junctions is competitive compared with some other traditional methods.
Improved UWB pulse shaping method based on Gaussian derivatives

In order to maximize the power spectrum utilization (PSU) while satisfying the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) emission mask, an improved two-stage ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse shaping method based on Gaussian derivatives is presented. Firstly, sub-pulses are designed by optimal combination of Gaussian derivatives over specific sub bands with the condition of maximizing the PSU allowed by emission mask. Secondly, the full band UWB pulse is shaped by the combination of the outputs of parallel band-pass filters (BPFs) bank with the sub pulses as inputs to these BPFs. Simulation results show that the UWB pulse shaped not only meets the FCC emission mask in full band, but also uses the limited power capacity more effectively, improving the PSU rate to enhance the performance of received UWB signal processing possibly. The proposed idea of sub band pulse design may be useful in narrow band interference mitigation as well in application of UWB technology.
Reliability-based design for the structure of tower crane under aleatory and epistemic uncertainties

In this paper, a reliability-based design method for the structure of tower crane by accounting for the randomness of design variables and fuzziness of the design criteria is proposed. The number of design variables affects the computational efficiency seriously, hence sensitivity analysis is implemented to select the sensitive variables as the design variables to decrease the number of design variables. The limit state function is constructed by combining the finite element analysis (FEA) and response surface method (RSM). The fuzzy reliability analysis is transformed to crisp reliability analysis with the eigenfunction. The design results show that the proposed method could be more consistent with the engineering practices.
A Multi-Mode Four-Switch Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter

Considering that the output voltage of battery will decline during its use, a four-switch buck-boost converter was proposed, which could provide stable output voltage over a wide voltage range of battery so as to extend the use time of battery and enhance its use efficiency. To improve the efficiency, the converter is designed to operate in multiple modes, which controlled by different strategies that depends upon the difference between output and input voltages as well as the different load conditions. As results, the proposed converter could provide a steady output voltage over the entire fluctuating range of battery voltage. The converter chip was designed in 1.5-mum BCD (Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) technology and the expectations were well achieved.
Microbial activity in wetland soils of dry lake in semi-arid steppe

We studied on microbial activity in wetland soils of dry lake of Hui Teng xi le in semi-arid steppe with the reference of typical steppe in semi-arid areas. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), basal respiration (BR), potential respiration (PR), microbial quotient (qMB), and metabolic quotient (qCO2) of soils were used to survey microbial activity. The results showed that: in the successive process of recession in dry lake the soil microbial activity characteristics in wetland tend towards the landward distribution: soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C) was the lake bed(HD)< the lake center(HX)<the lake side(HB)<the typical steppe(DT); Microbial biomass nitrogen (SMB-N) was HX<HD<HB<DT; Basal respiration was DT<HB<HD<HX; Potential respiration(PR) was DT<HD<HB<HX; Microbial quotient(qMB) was in 0.7% ∼ 1.3%, HD< HB < HX < DT; Microbial metabolic quotient(qCO2) is DT <HB<HX <HD. We consider that degradation of dry lakes was in the process of evolution; soil microbial activity in this wetland was still in the relatively unstable interference phase.
Crowd foreground detection and density estimation based on moment

This paper focuses on crowd motion analysis and consists two parts. Firstly, we propose a new foreground detection approach called optical flow and background model (OFBM) based on Lucas-Kanade optical flow and Gaussian background model methods. This approach overcomes the shortages of optical flow and background subtract, such as sensitiveness of light changing and producing accumulate errors. Secondly, according to moment analysis, we propose a new feature based on the zeroth-order Tehebichef discrete orthogonal moment (TOM), which is employed for crowd density estimation. Some experimental results show that this approach is useful and efficient in crowd density estimation.
Consensus tracking with a reference state using discrete-time algorithms

In this paper, we investigate the problem of consensus tracking with a reference state using discrete-time algorithm. We analyze two cases: 1) directed networks with fixed topology; and 2) directed networks with communication time-delays and fixed topology. We introduce two discrete-time consensus tracking protocols for networks with and without time-delays, and then present the conditions that the protocol solves the consensus tracking problem. Finally, simulations are provided that show the efficiency of these results.
A netlist implementation of the Newton fixed-point homotopy method for MOS transistor circuits

Recently, an efficient and globally convergent Newton fixed-point homotopy method (NFPH) for MOS transistor circuits has been proposed to find dc solutions of nonlinear circuits. However, the programming of sophisticated homotopy methods is often difficult for non-experts. In this paper, an effective netlist implementation method for the MOS NFPH method is proposed and it can implement the MOS NFPH method from a good initial solution with various efficient techniques and without programming. Moreover, the “probe” algorithm in BJT circuits is extended to MOS NFPH method for achieving high efficiency and the existence theorem is given.
A solution to semantic conflicts in collaborative editing of design documents

In the collaborative editing of design documents there are many semantic conflicts: the word's semantic consistency problems and the maintenance of user's editing desire problems. Based on WordNet we design an ontology description language-FLoDL and restructure the architecture of collaborative editing to bring forward a new semantic collaborative editing architecture. After that we design a new algorithm for inserting operations and solve the word's semantic consistency problems efficiently. Furthermore, we put user's personal semantic information into their Individuation Ontology Database and resolve the maintenance of user's editing desire problems successfully. We make a group of experiments and analysis to prove that semantic collaborative editing not only has small clients (little storage space) but also has a satisfying performance.
Floc Size Estimation of Fine Sediment Particles Using Sedimentation Test Data

The present work deals with the estimation of the average floc size of fine sediment particles using sedimentation data. Through particle size distribution tests of sediment under dispersion and flocculation situation, the criticle flocculation particle size was determined as 15μm. By theoretical analysis, floc sedimentation velocity formula was built based on the zero density flux at any cross section of the sedimention column. Through static sedimentation test data of pure fine particles, the sedimentation velocity of mud-water interface can be taken as floc sedimentation velocity. By substitute the test velocity into the theoretical sedimentation formula, the average floc size of fine sediment particles can be calculated and an empirical equation between fine particle volume concentration and floc size was built.
A noninvasive AC current sensor with permanent-magnet biased PZT cantilever

Permanent magnet (PM) mounted piezoelectric cantilever current sensor with high sensitivity and no need of power supply attracted many attentions. This paper proposes an improved piezoelectric cantilever current sensor, of which the magnet mass is replaced by a ferromagnetic mass and a self-standing magnet bias. The PM-separated structure is of great advantage in resonance pre-setting adjustment and adapting to new application without sensitivity sacrifice. It also makes the sensor easy to be scaling down by MEMS technology because the process-incompatible magnet mass is not necessary in the vibration structure. Besides, the sensor has a slack requirement of installation. Experiment results of a built prototype show that the output voltage reaches 112mV when the AC current of a 45-turn coil is 10 mA, whose magnetic field equals to that of 10 mm apart from a straight wire with 1.8A current.
Trusted Management for Mobile Computing Entities Enabled by Fuzzy Logic Approach

In the mobile computing environments, such as the mobile agent system, the management for the distributed mobile entities is complicated. Some characteristic information in this environment is uncertain and could not be presented by accurate value. The fuzzy logic provides the technology to deal with this condition. This paper presents a method for trusted management of entities in mobile computing environment. A model system based on fuzzy logic rules is designed. The mechanism of the system is described and the experiment results are analyzed.
Classification of Four-Class Motor Imagery EEG Data Using Spatial Filtering

An efficient discrimination method of different brain states is important in order to implement a suitable system. This paper applies the One Versus the Rest CSP to the EEG data recorded during motor imagery tasks consisting of four different classes, namely the imagination of right hand, left hand, foot and tongue movements. The best correct classification results for the three subjects are 73.3%, 81.7%, and 76.7%.
Determination Freshwater Fish Freshness with Gas Sensor Array

Freshness is a key value for access fish quality; fish freshness could be determined by volatile compounds during storage. An electronic nose was constructed with virtual instrument and four commercial tin dioxide-based gas sensors array. Fresh water fish silver carp was stored at 4°C and tested by headspace method. A weighted piece of fish is introduced into a sensor's chamber and the signals of the sensors due to the fish emissions are recorded as function of time. Unsupervised method PCA (principal component analysis) was employed to discriminate among fresh, semi-fresh and deteriorate fish. PCR (principal component regression), PLS (partial least square) and BP-ANN (artificial neural network) method were used to build mathematic model to predict TVB-N (total volatile basic nitrogen). The results indicated that PCA method can discriminate fresh, semi-fresh and deteriorate fish, which indicated the electronic nose response correlated with the loss of fish freshness. The correlation coefficients of predicted and measured TVB-N value of PCR, PLS and BP-ANN model were 0.898, 0.922 and 0.976, which indicated that the BP-ANN method has the highest predicted accuracy for electronic nose.
Manipulation at the NanoNewton level: Micrograpsing for mechanical characterization of biomaterials

This paper presents the use of a monolithic, force-feedback MEMS (microelectomechanical systems) microgripper for characterizing both elastic and viscoelastic properties of highly deformable hydrogel microcapsules (15–25µm) at wet state during micromanipulation. The single-chip microgripper integrates an electrothermal microactuator and two capacitive force sensors, one for contact detection (force resolution: 38.5nN) and the other for gripping force measurements (force resolution: 19.9nN). Through nanoNewton force measurements, closed-loop force control, and visual tracking, the system quantified Young's modulus values and viscoelastic parameters of alginate microcapsules, demonstrating an easy-to-operate, accurate compression testing technique for characterizing soft, micrometer-sized biomaterials.
Mechanical characterization of polymeric microcapsules using a force-feedback MEMS microgripper

This paper reports a monolithic, force-feedback MEMS (microelectomechanical systems) microgripper and its application to micro-scale compression testing of swollen hydrogel microcapsules during manipulation in an aqueous environment. The single-chip microgripper uses an electrothermal microactuator for grasping and integrates two capacitive force sensors, one for contact detection (force resolution: 38.5nN) and the other for gripping force measurements (force resolution: 19.9nN). Using the force-feedback microgripper and a mechanics model for assessing large deformation data, the system with a 19.9nN force resolution and a 20.5nm resolution for material deformation measurement quantified Young's modulus values of individual alginate microcapsules (15–25µm) with 1%, 2%, and 3% chitosan coating, demonstrating an easy-to-operate, accurate compression testing technique for mechanically characterizing soft, micrometer-sized biomaterials.
Three-dimensional computations of in-cylinder flows in a production DI diesel engine

This paper describes a three-dimensional modeling of in -cylinder air flow in a production open-chamber direct injection diesel engine with an offset piston-bowl during the compression period and early stages of expansion. The results of study reveal that the swirl in the bowl is undergoing procession, and is greatly affected by the squish flows, consequently different flow structure within the bowl at top dead center (TDC) of compression are generated.
Personalized home medical testing technology and equipment

This paper highlights the recent typical applications of the types of household, garment, accessory and network, and discusses the key technologies to realize the portability, security and intelligence of the personalized home healthcare measure technology and equipment, and also gives a brief guide to our department's novel research achievements, such as wireless communication technology, detection of physiological parameters, medical signal processing and circuit module design. With the rapid popularization of the personalized home healthcare measure technology and equipment, healthcare services will be integrated into Chinese families as a life style. And it is to be regarded as a powerful motive force to the healthcare industry in China.
Real-Time Model Predictive Control Using a Self-Organizing Neural Network

In this paper, a real-time model predictive control (RT-MPC) based on self-organizing radial basis function neural network (SORBFNN) is proposed for nonlinear systems. This RT-MPC has its simplicity in parallelism to model predictive control design and efficiency to deal with computational complexity. First, a SORBFNN with concurrent structure and parameter learning is developed as the predictive model of the nonlinear systems. The model performance can be significantly improved through SORBFNN, and the modeling error is uniformly ultimately bounded. Second, a fast gradient method (GM) is enhanced for the solution of optimal control problem. This proposed GM can reduce computational cost and suboptimize the RT-MPC online. Then, the conditions of the stability analysis and steady-state performance of the closed-loop systems are presented. Finally, numerical simulations reveal that the proposed control gives satisfactory tracking and disturbance rejection performances. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness.
Realization of Low Driving Voltage in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using C60 as an Electron Transport Layer and Alq3 as a Buffer Layer

Organic light-emitting diodes with low driving voltage based on fullerene (C60) as an electron transport layer and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato)-aluminum (Alq3) as a buffer layer are successfully fabricated. For the optimal device with structures of ITO/NPB (40 nm)/Alq3 /(30 nm)/C60 (20 nm)/Alq3 (3 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (120 nm), the turn-on driving voltage is 2.8 V, which is reduced 0.4 V compared with that of the control device. Meanwhile, the driving voltage of 4.9 V has been achieved at a luminance of 1000 cd/m2 in this device, which is reduced 1.8 V compared with that of the control device. The results have a significant effect on the commercialization application of the devices.
Q-DPM: an efficient model-free dynamic power management technique

When applying dynamic power management (DPM) techniques to pervasively deployed embedded systems, the technique needs to be very efficient so that it is feasible to implement the technique on low end processors and tight-budget memory. Furthermore, it should have the capability to track time varying behavior rapidly, because the time variance is an inherent characteristic of real world systems. Existing methods, which are usually model-based, may not satisfy the aforementioned requirements. In this paper, we propose a model-free DPM technique based on Q-learning. Q-DPM is much more efficient because it removes the overhead of parameter estimator and mode-switch controller. Furthermore, its policy optimization is performed via consecutive online trialing, which also leads to very rapid response to time varying behavior.
A new reliability evaluation method for spaceflight telemetry, tracking and control system

This paper presents a new approach to evaluate the reliability of the space flight telemetry, tracking and control (TT&C) system which is a complex and repairable phased-mission system. It is difficult to use existing analytical approaches to evaluate the reliability of repairable phased-mission systems as the number of components increases to a large scale. This paper presents a simple “path-vector” model with considering only effective states which is a tiny part of all states. Hence this model is able to avoid huge-scale sparse matrix which must be computed in traditional Markovian methods. Compared with the Markov-BDD approach, the proposed model eliminates the need to find an appropriate but cumbersome BDD ordering strategy, which greatly simplifies the model development. The effectiveness and correctness of our approach is analyzed by comparing with the simulation result.
Synchronized motion of master-slave autonomous underwater vehicles via communication channel with limited capacity

This paper studies synchronized motion of the master-slave autonomous underwater vehicles under the constraints that the capacity of communication channel is limited. The dynamical models of both the master vehicle and slave vehicle are mathematically given in form of fully-actuated Euler-Lagrange equation, and a master-slave motional-state synchronization scheme coupled by a saturated state-error feedback controller is established under the consideration of binary coding-decoding procedure. A definition of robust synchronization with error bound is introduced, then, by means of Lyapunov stability theory, some synchronization criterions are derived and the corresponding synchronization error bound is estimated. Both of the theoretical analyses and the final numerical simulation show that the synchronization error bound is inversely proportional to the channel capacity.
A Novel Fusion Detection Algorithm for Infrared Small Targets

Dim small targets detection in infrared image is one of the key techniques of infrared search and track system. In order to overcome the deficiencies of the detection algorithm based on gray-scale efficient targets detection method is proposed based on the directional discreteness. Firstly, targets are separately detected by two methods based on gray-scale characteristics and direction discreteness, and then merge the detection result to attain suspicious target set. Secondly, candidate targets are been accurate positioning according to the variance growth. Finally, the true targets are obtained according to the principle of moving continuity and trajectory consistency of moving targets in the image sequences. The experimental results indicate that the method can effectively detect the small and weak targets under complex backgrounds.