nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A GALS many-core heterogeneous DSP platform with source-synchronous on-chip interconnection network

This paper presents a many-core heterogeneous computational platform that employs a GALS compatible circuit-switched on-chip network. The platform targets streaming DSP and embedded applications that have a high degree of task-level parallelism among computational kernels. The test chip was fabricated in 65nm CMOS consisting of 164 simple small programmable cores, three dedicated-purpose accelerators and three shared memory modules. All processors are clocked by their own local oscillators and communication is achieved through a simple yet effective source-synchronous communication technique that allows each interconnection link between any two processors to sustain a peak throughput of one data word per cycle. A complete 802.11a WLAN baseband receiver was implemented on this platform. It has a real-time throughput of 54 Mbps with all processors running at 594 MHz and 0.95 V, and consumes an average 174.76 mW with 12.18 mW (or 7.0%) dissipated by its interconnection links. We can fully utilize the benefit of the GALS architecture and by adjusting each processor's oscillator to run at a workload-based optimal clock frequency with the chip's dual supply voltages set at 0.95 V and 0.75 V, the receiver consumes only 123.18 mW, a 29.5% in power reduction. Measured results of its power consumption on the real chip come within the difference of only 2-5% compared with the estimated results showing our design to be highly reliable and efficient.
Using Neural Network for Predicting Induction-heating Paths in Shipyard

This paper presents the development of an artificial neural network model for the prediction of heating-line positions in induction heating process. This model helps shipyard manufacturers determine the positions of induction heating lines and their heating parameters to form a desired shape of plate. The vertical displacements of plate have been considered as the input parameters and the selected induction heating lines as output parameters to develop the model. The training patterns of neural network are obtained using an analytical solution that predicts plate deformations in induction heating process. The developed neural network model is tested to show its feasibility to determine the heating positions on the surface of a flat steel plate in the line heating process for forming a desired shape.
The GenLOT: generalized linear-phase lapped orthogonal transform

The general factorization of a linear-phase paraunitary filter bank (LPPUFB) is revisited. From this new perspective, a class of lapped orthogonal transforms with extended overlap (generalized linear-phase lapped orthogonal transforms (GenLOTs)) is developed as a subclass of the general class of LPPUFB. In this formulation, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is the order-1 GenLOT, the lapped orthogonal transform is the order-2 GenLOT, and so on, for any filter length that is an integer multiple of the block size. The GenLOTs are based on the DCT and have fast implementation algorithms. The implementation of GenLOTs is explained, including the method to process finite-length signals. The degrees of freedom in the design of GenLOTs are described, and design examples are presented along with image compression tests.
Enhanced Adaptive Loop Filter for Motion Compensated Frame

We propose an adaptive loop filter to remove the redundancy between current and motion compensated frames so that the residual signal is minimized, thus coding efficiency increases. The loop filter coefficients and offset are optimized for each frame or a set of blocks to minimize the total energy of the residual signal resulting from motion estimation and compensation. The optimized loop filter with offset is applied for the set of blocks where the filtering process gives coding gain based upon rate-distortion cost. The proposed loop filter is used for the motion compensated frame whereas the conventional adaptive interpolation filter (AIF) is applied to the reference frames to interpolate the subpixel values. Another conventional scheme adaptive loop filter (ALF), is used after deblocking filtering to enhance quality of reconstructed frames, not to minimize energy of residual signal. The proposed loop filter can be used in combination with the AIF and ALF. Experimental results show that proposed algorithm provides the averaged bit reduction of 8% compared to conventional H.264/AVC scheme. When the proposed scheme is combined with AIF and ALF, the coding gain increases even further.
A Framework for Depth Video Reconstruction From a Subset of Samples and Its Applications

The growth of depth sensing systems in this decade has facilitated a variety of applications in computer vision. Depending on the systematic configurations, both direct and indirect sensing techniques encounter image processing issues, such as hole filling and depth map super resolution. In this paper, a framework for depth video reconstruction from a subset of samples is proposed. By redefining classical dense depth estimation into two individual problems, sensing and synthesis, we propose a motion compensation-assisted sampling (MCAS) scheme and a spatio-temporal depth reconstruction (STDR) algorithm for reconstructing depth video sequences from a subset of samples. Using the 3-dimensional extensible dictionary, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and applying alternating direction method of multiplier technique, the proposed STDR algorithm possesses scalability for temporal volume and efficiency for processing large scale depth data. Exploiting the temporal information and corresponding RGB images, the proposed MCAS achieves an efficient one-stage sampling scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed depth reconstruction framework outperforms the existing methods and is competitive compared with our previous work, which requires a pilot signal in the two-stage sampling scheme. Finally, to estimate missing reliable depth samples from varying input sources, we present an inference approach using geometrical and color similarities. Applications for depth video super resolution from uniform-grid subsampled data and dense disparity video estimation from a subset of reliable samples are presented.
Block-lifting factorization of M-channel biorthogonal filter banks with an arbitrary McMillan degree

A block-lifting factorization of M-channel biorthogonal filter banks (BOFBs) with degree-N building blocks and even/odd M (M ≥ 2) for lossless-to-lossy image coding is introduced in this paper. In the previous work, block-lifting factorization of M-channel BOFBs has been proposed. Since the block-lifting structure does not require the restriction of determinant of each building block, it achieves better coding performance than the conventional methods. However, the factorization is not completed because McMillan degree in each building block is fixed M/2 (M is even). This paper proposes a block-lifting factorization without restrictions for a fixed degree and even block size. Our proposal is validated by several filter designs and their application to lossless-to-lossy image coding.
Radio frequency compatibility of an RFID tag on glideslope navigation receivers

A process is demonstrated to show compatibility between a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and an aircraft glideslope (GS) radio receiver. The particular tag chosen was previously shown to have significant peak spurious emission levels that far exceeded the emission limits in the GS aeronautical band. The spurious emissions are emulated in the study by capturing the RFID fundamental transmission and playing back the signal in the GS band. The signal capturing and playback are achieved with a vector signal generator and a spectrum analyzer that can output the in-phase and quadrature components (IQ). The simulated interference signal is combined with a desired GS signal before being injected into a GS receiverpsilas antenna port for interference threshold determination. Minimum desired propagation loss values to avoid interference are then computed and compared against actual propagation losses for several aircraft.
Yagi-Uda antenna with U-shaped dipole for a THz photomixer

This paper presents a Yagi-Uda antenna with a U-shaped dipole as the driver element for a terahertz photomixer. By constructing the antenna on a thin substrate, end-fire radiation patterns with high antenna impedance can be obtained even when the substrate has a high dielectric constant. The proposed antenna achieves a high input resistance of 4372 Ω at the resonant frequency by using a U-shaped dipole as the driver element. It is expected that such a Yagi-Uda antenna on a thin substrate will have a much higher terahertz output power than do conventional terahertz antennas.
A Novel Multi-Stage Motion Vector Processing Method for Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation

In this paper, a novel multi-stage motion vector processing algorithm at the decoder is proposed for motion compensated frame interpolation. We address the problems of discontinuous edges and deformed structures in an interpolated frame by explicitly considering reliability of each received motion vector. By hierarchically refining motion vectors with different block sizes, the proposed method is capable of preserving structure information. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other methods in terms of visual quality and PSNR, and it is also robust when video sequences have complex scenes and fast motion.
An optimal design of FIR filters with discrete coefficients and image sampling application

The paper proposes a new approach for the design of linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters with discrete coefficient values. This problem is a very hard combinatoric discrete optimization, which results in the prohibitive computational complexity for solution. In this paper, we first explicitly express the discrete coefficients of filters as indefinite quadratic but continuous constraints. We then develop an efficient iterative algorithm to tackle the nonconvex optimization problem to locate optimal discrete filter coefficients. By numerical simulation results, we show that our proposed method significantly outperform the methods using quantized coefficients of filters. We also provide an image sampling application to illustrate the performance of our designed filters.
Correlation-Based Motion Vector Processing With Adaptive Interpolation Scheme for Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation

In this paper, we address the problems of unreliable motion vectors that cause visual artifacts but cannot be detected by high residual energy or bidirectional prediction difference in motion-compensated frame interpolation. A correlation-based motion vector processing method is proposed to detect and correct those unreliable motion vectors by explicitly considering motion vector correlation in the motion vector reliability classification, motion vector correction, and frame interpolation stages. Since our method gradually corrects unreliable motion vectors based on their reliability, we can effectively discover the areas where no motion is reliable to be used, such as occlusions and deformed structures. We also propose an adaptive frame interpolation scheme for the occlusion areas based on the analysis of their surrounding motion distribution. As a result, the interpolated frames using the proposed scheme have clearer structure edges and ghost artifacts are also greatly reduced. Experimental results show that our interpolated results have better visual quality than other methods. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust even for those video sequences that contain multiple and fast motions.
Adaptive directionalwavelet transform using pre-directional filtering

This paper proposes a computationally efficient approach of adaptive directional wavelet transform (AD WT). The AD WT is based on lifting implementation ofWT, and it is able to transform an image along diagonal orientations as well as traditional horizontal and vertical directions. The AD WT sacrifices computational speed for its good image coding performance. We present an alternative method to find the best transform directions by pre-directional filterings for the AD WT. The proposed direction calculation method shows very comparable image coding performance to the conventional one, whereas its computational cost is relatively very low.
Multiview Video Plus Depth Coding With Depth-Based Prediction Mode

In this paper, we propose a novel multiview video plus depth (MVD) codec that uses a depth-based prediction mode (DBPM) both for texture videos and the depth maps. We show that the proposed codec can provide up to 9.2%, 9.9%, and 6.7% bitrate savings over H.264/MVC (MVC) for coding MVD data, depth maps, and multiview videos, respectively. In addition, we present subjective test results that compare the perceptual video quality of stereo videos coded with the DBPM-enabled codec and MVC. We also show that a typical Lagrangian rate-distortion optimization is effective to successfully choose between the prediction modes available to the proposed encoder. We provide a complexity analysis for the proposed codec as well and show that the encoder complexity is comparable to MVC, while the decoder complexity is about twice of MVC. Finally, we analyze the effects of different encoder control parameters on the virtual view synthesis quality. Results show that video QP has the most influence on the synthesis quality, and there is a tradeoff between the depth map QP and resolution. Lower depth map resolutions yield more bitrate savings, whereas for similar bitrates higher resolution and higher QP depth maps achieve better view synthesis performance.
GenLOT optimization techniques for seismic data compression

GenLOT coding has been shown an effective technique for seismic data compression, especially when compared to block-based algorithms (such as JPEG), or to wavelets. The transforms remove statistical redundancy and permit efficient compression, when used with advanced encoding techniques, such as the embedded zerotree coding framework. We derive a model for seismic data based on auto-regressive processes. This model is used to design GenLOT filter banks optimized for seismic data, using objective optimization criteria.
Separation of Weak Reflection from a Single Superimposed Image

It is an inherently ill-posed problem to separate a single superimposed image into a reflection image and a transmission image. In this letter, a novel algorithm is proposed based on the prior knowledge that edges of weak reflection are always smoother than most edges of observed objects. To filter out the edges of weak reflection, an MRF-EM (Markov Random Field and Expectation Maximization) framework is proposed. In the MRF model, a data energy function is established based on the edge smoothness metric GPS (Gradient Profile Sharpness), and a spatial smoothness energy function is formulated using a weighted Potts model. Moreover, the parameters in the data energy function are updated using the EM algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can produce superior separation results with less residuals and color distortions compared to state-of-the-art methods.
An Augmented Lagrangian Method for Total Variation Video Restoration

This paper presents a fast algorithm for restoring video sequences. The proposed algorithm, as opposed to existing methods, does not consider video restoration as a sequence of image restoration problems. Rather, it treats a video sequence as a space-time volume and poses a space-time total variation regularization to enhance the smoothness of the solution. The optimization problem is solved by transforming the original unconstrained minimization problem to an equivalent constrained minimization problem. An augmented Lagrangian method is used to handle the constraints, and an alternating direction method is used to iteratively find solutions to the subproblems. The proposed algorithm has a wide range of applications, including video deblurring and denoising, video disparity refinement, and hot-air turbulence effect reduction.
Reverse, Sub-Pixel Block Matching: Applications within H.264 and Analysis of Limitations

In this paper the concept of reverse block matching is introduced based on the relativity of motion, especially, the translational motion. As one of the main applications for this technique, sub-pixel motion estimation is revisited to achieve faster, yet efficient video coding when it is to be deployed on a system with limited memory and data caching requirements. Analysis of direct (conventional) and reverse (proposed) sub-pixel motion estimation at the encoder is provided to identify the sources of mismatch between these two techniques. Finally, experimental results are provided for sub-pixel motion estimation, using the reverse block matching scheme within the H.264 encoder. These results show a significant increase in speed and a reduction of required memory at a reasonable cost, in terms of PSNR degradation, when compared to the fastest direct sub-pixel motion estimation methods currently implemented in the reference H.264 codec by HHI.
The theory and design of arbitrary-length cosine-modulated filter banks and wavelets, satisfying perfect reconstruction

It is well known that FIR filter banks that satisfy the perfect-reconstruction (PR) property can be obtained by cosine modulation of a linear-phase prototype filter of length N=2mM, where M is the number of channels. In this paper, we present a PR cosine-modulated filter bank where the length of the prototype filter is arbitrary. The design is formulated as a quadratic-constrained least-squares optimization problem, where the optimized parameters are the prototype filter coefficients. Additional regularity conditions are imposed on the filter bank to obtain the cosine-modulated orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Design examples are given.
Maximum-likelihood parameter estimation for image ringing-artifact removal

At low bit rates, image compression codecs based on overlapping transforms introduce spurious oscillations known as ringing artifacts in the vicinity of major edges. Unlike previous works, we present a maximum-likelihood approach to the ringing-artifact removal problem. Our approach employs a parameter estimation method based on the k-means algorithm with the number of clusters determined by a cluster-separation measure. The proposed algorithm and its simplified approximation are applied to JPEG2000 compressed images. Our results show effective and efficient removal of ringing artifacts.
Global motion estimation in frequency and spatial domain

We propose a fast and robust global motion estimation (GME) algorithm, based on a 2-stage coarse-to-fine refinement strategy, which is capable of measuring large motions. A 6-parameter affine motion model has been used. Coarse estimation is carried out in the frequency domain using polar, log-polar or log-log sampling of the Fourier magnitude spectrum of the sub-sampled image. The sampling scheme is adaptively selected, based on past motion patterns. The refinement stage consists of a RANSAC based model fitting to motion vectors of randomly selected high-activity blocks, and hence is robust to outliers. The motion vector of blocks is measured using phase correlation, which offers two advantages in this context: sub-pixel accuracy without significant computational overhead; and if a particular block consists of background as well as foreground pixels, both motions are simultaneously measured. Due to its hardware-friendly nature, the proposed algorithm holds potential for real-time GME even for television images.
A 'trick' for the design of FIR half-band filters

Based on a well-known property of FIR half-band filters, this correspondence shows how the design time for equiripple half-band filters can be reduced by a considerable amount. The observation which leads up to this improved procedure also places in evidence new implementation schemes, which simultaneously ensure low passband and stopband sensitivities. Extension of the method to M th-band filter design is also outlined.
Medical image pseudo coloring by wavelet fusion

Wavelet image fusion is proposed for medical image pseudo coloring. Wavelet efficiently separates an image into different subspaces that preserve the features of the original images after pseudo coloring. Feature classification information can be directly applied to the coarse approximation of the wavelet decomposed image without segmenting the original image. The proposed method improves the processing speed of the pseudo coloring algorithm and is robust in processing noisy images.
Maximally decimated perfect-reconstruction FIR filter banks with pairwise mirror-image analysis (and synthesis) frequency responses

Structures are presented for the perfect-reconstruction quadrature mirror filter bank that are based on lossless building blocks. These structures ensure that the frequency responses of the analysis (and synthesis) filters have pairwise symmetry with respect to pi /2 and require fewer parameters than recently reported structures (also based on lossless building blocks). The design time for the proposed structures is correspondingly much less than for the earlier methods, which did not incorporate such symmetry.
Smooth motion vector resampling for standard compatible video post-processing

This paper presents a smooth motion vector resampling method that operates on a given motion vector field for video coding applications such as resolution change in transcoding or concealment of lost motion vectors. We formulate the motion resampling problem as an optimization problem, where the proposed algorithm obtains the optimal solution by minimizing a smoothness criteria imposed between adjacent motion vectors. The problem is formulated in the most general case, which enables us to explain some other resampling methods such as motion vector averaging, or linear interpolation as special cases. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently improve the visual quality of the video.
Low Temperature Preparation of Bismuth-Related Ferroelectrics by Hydrothermal Synthesis

BIT powder is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. It is found that the formation of BIT powder is affected by KOH concentration because the XRD intensity increases with increasing the KOH concentration less than 2.0 M. The products are yellowish gray and consist of microscopic lamellar platelets of 0.5 -1.5 mum. Treatment tempereatures are 160 -240 deg C and is decreased with increasing the holding time. The BIT thin films are prepared below 350 deg C by the sol-gel method and hydrothermal treatment for 3 h in Bi(OH)3 0.14 M and KOH 0.01 M mixture solution. The BIT thin film prepared under the optimized condition have hysteresis loops with a good squareness. When 5 V is applied to the BIT film, the polarization at zero electric field is 0.9 muC/cm2 and current density is 8.1x10-6 A/cm2.