nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Few mode fibers based quasi-single mode Raman distributed temperature sensor

We demonstrate a distributed temperature sensor based on quasi-single mode (QSM) Raman scattering in few mode fibers (FMFs). The FMF allows much larger input pump power before the initiate of stimulated Raman scattering compared with the standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and mitigates the detrimental differential mode group delay (DMGD) existing in the conventional multimode fiber (MMF) based Raman distributed temperature sensor (RDTS). Distributed temperature sensing is realized using conventional RDTS hardware over 20km FMFs within 90s, with a spatial resolution of 3m. The temperature resolution is 2.3°C @10km and 6.7°C @20km, respectively.
Field enhancement in polymer waveguides fabricated by UV imprinting

Polymers are applicable materials for photonic device fabrication due to their good optical properties and versatile processability at low temperatures, and therefore, provide possibility for low-cost fabrication. For waveguide device fabrication, the most critical requirement is the selection of the patterning method for the ridge that is bounding the optical mode in the waveguide. In this paper, we review our UV-imprinting achievements for fabricating polymer-based single-mode waveguides: ridge, inverted ridge and layered composite waveguides. In addition, we show simulation results for polymer-based slot waveguides. The ridge waveguide consists of a strip waveguide core superimposed onto a slab waveguide made of the core material. When patterning a ridge by imprinting technique, a residual layer is formed underneath the imprinted ridges. The residual layer might cause propagation loss due to power leakage into the slab guide, and therefore, a subsequent etching step is required. In the inverted ridge waveguide configuration, a groove of cladding material is patterned by imprinting, and followed by the filling of the groove with the core material. From the imprint fabrication point of view, the fabrication tolerances can be relaxed due to the fact that the residual slab layer underneath the waveguide can have arbitrary thickness. Besides fabrication of above mentioned waveguide structures, we review the possibility to fabricate composite waveguide devices by depositing inorganic thin films with high-refractive index on UV-imprinted polymeric structures with low-refractive index. The aim to use composite structures is to manipulate the optical field distribution in the waveguides and to enhance the interaction of the optical field with the surface, which is desirable especially in waveguide sensor applications. The polymer-based slot waveguide, which is analyzed theoretically, is an ultimate approach for optical field enhancement.
A distributed dynamic ABS ratio setting scheme for macro-femto heterogeneous networks

In co-channel deployment of macrocell and indoor femtocells, almost blank subframe (ABS) is considered as an effective enhanced inter-cell interference coordination strategy for mitigating downlink cross-tier interference. In this paper, a novel distributed dynamic ABS ratio setting scheme is proposed for dense residential femtocell deployment with closed subscriber group configuration. Both the overall cell throughput and fairness index are employed to judge the status of the environment around each femtocell, which decides whether and how to change ABS ratios. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other static settings, and provides remarkable improvement on cell edge performance with little overall throughput cost.
2D barcode image binarization based on wavelet analysis and Otsu's method

It is extremely challenging to binarize 2D barcode image under the condition of both nonuniform illumination and cluttered background. Neither global nor local thresholding method can yield an ideal binary result. In this paper, we propose a novel 2D barcode image binarization method. The contribution of the method is that it can remove the unnormalized illumination especially in the cluttered background. This is achieved by estimating the illumination distribution by the wavelet analysis and followed by removing it from the source image according to the image formation model. The proposed method can binarize the challenging barcode images with only simple Otsu's algorithm. Experimental results reflect the robustness of this method. In addition, since the filtering implementation of wavelet transform well suits the DSP architecture, the method performs well in our DSP-based 2D barcode recognition terminal for real application.
A web-based remote laboratory for the college of optoelectronic engineering of online universities

In this paper, an architecture of remote laboratory for the college of optoelectronic engineering is proposed. Any university which wants to establish distance education for the college of optoelectronic engineering can use the proposed architecture or hardware and software to manage experimental assignments from any location. There are four main parts of the proposed remote laboratory: remote users, internet, server Setup and laboratory setup. Remote users can use desktop, laptop, tablet or mobile to conduct the experiments remotely. Roles of different types of remote users have also expalined in this paper. A reliable and secure server is considered to implement the system. List of reliability and security issues cosidered to design the system is also mentioned here. Laboratories like 3D Digitization and Modeling lab, 3D Imaging and Metrology of Micro Objects lab, Face/Person Tracking lab, Optical Communications and Networks lab, Visible Light Communication lab, Lab on Laser Technologies, Lab on Infrared Technologies, Lab on Lightings and Displays, Lab on Biophotonics etc will be connected under the main server. At present, the proposed architecture is implemented at Shenzhen University; and 3D Imaging and Metrology of Micro Objects lab is connected to the main server to conduct experiment remotely which is recently tested from the University of Stuttgart, German. The outputs generated from remote users are also described in this paper. The proposed system can be used from website http://210.39.14.102.
Continuous finite-time control approach for series elastic actuator

In this paper, a practical control approach is suggested for series elastic actuators(SEAs) to generate the desired torque. Firstly, based on the analysis of a nonlinear SEA, the generic dynamics for a class of SEAs is summarized. Then the dynamic equations are transformed into a novel state-space form which is convenient for controller design. Finally, based on the recently developed finite-time control technique, a finite time disturbance observer and a continuous terminal sliding-mode control scheme are introduced to synthesize the control law. The finite-time stability of the proposed controller is theoretically ensured by Lyapunov analysis. Compared with most existing methods, the contribution of the paper is two-fold: (i) The proposed controller is suitable for not only linear, but also a class of nonlinear SEAs, which means that it is a more generic method for SEA torque control; (ii) It achieves faster convergence rate and works well even in the presence of unknown payload parameters and external disturbances. A series of experiments are carried out on the self-built SEA testbed to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed controller by comparing it with the cascade-PID controller.
1.9–3.3 μm Type-I quantum-well cascade diode lasers

GaSb-based type-I quantum well (QW) diode lasers can operate in continuous wave (CW) regime at room temperature (RT) in spectral range from 1.9 to 3.5 μm. CW output power levels from 100-μm-wide aperture of multimode lasers exceeded 1 W for devices emitting below 2.5 μm and hundreds of mW were achieved for lasers operating at longer wavelength. Recently cascade pumping of type-I quantum well gain sections was utilized to increase output power and efficiency of GaSb-based diode lasers. Carrier recycling between two QWs emitting near 3 μm led to reduction of the threshold current density from ∼200 down to ∼100 A/cm2 and increase of the maximum CW power level from ∼350 up to ∼650 mW compared to non-cascade diodes. Narrow ridge lasers fabricated from the same material demonstrated record 100 mW of CW power in nearly diffraction limited beam.
Using Coupling Measure Technique and Random Iterative Algorithm for Inter-Class Integration Test Order Problem

Inter-class integration test order (ICITO) problem is to determine the order in which classes are integrated and tested. It is very important in object-oriented software integration testing or regression testing, because different test orders need different test cost to construct corresponding test stubs. However, the current solutions to the ICITO problem lack an effective coupling measure technique to estimate test stub complexity, and lack an effective algorithm to break cycles. Thus, this paper uses an improved coupling measure technique to estimate test stub complexity, and designs a random iterative algorithm to break cycles. Simulation experimental results show that the overall test stub complexity can be reduced by 15.5\% and the speed can be increased by 5.8 times, using our improved coupling measure technique and random iterative algorithm.
Optimization Design of Supervising and Controlling on the SOFC Integration System

An optimized design of the SOFC integration system is put forward with a three-layer structure, which consists of data communication, data processing and Human-machine interaction. The key for the optimized design in the system is data communication and data processing. The data processing layer has designed real-tine database and backup function of history database. And here the massive data classification, distributing storage and data scheduling of real-time database are taken as cores of the supervising system. Through virtual database and memory database, time-sharing was applied to schedule the data of high and low frequency and the data was dispatched by priority. In data communication layer, the system provided the solutions which can search and connect the equipments automatically according to the characteristic parameters of different customized agreements of devices. Actual operation proves practically that the system can work steadily more than four thousand hours. It also could acquire precise data and finally meet the requirements of measurement in the field. This work is supported by 863 Project (2006 AA05Z147).
Joint calibration of mutual coupling and channel gain/phase inconsistency using a near-field auxiliary source

A new indoor calibration method is proposed to estimate and compensate mutual coupling and channel gain/phase inconsistency parameters for a uniform linear array (ULA). This calibration method employs only one assistant source in near-field and is unnecessary to conduct complex feed circuits behind the antennas. Firstly, accurate channel gain/phase deviation is estimated via an inside testing structure exploiting the coherence of a single-frequency test signal. Then, the received array manifold of the near-field auxiliary source is modeled with a second-order Taylor series approximate. Finally, joint mutual coupling and gain/phase error are compensated using the inside testing results and modeled array manifold as the initialization of the eigenstructure (also called subspace) technique, which profoundly accelerates the convergence and guarantees the uniqueness of the converged solution. Experiments conducted on an actual 16-element ULA validate the proposed method.
A New Classification Arithmetic for Multi-Image Classification in Genetic Programming

New classification algorithm for multi-image classification in genetic programming (GP) is introduced, which includes algorithm of centered dynamic range selection with the power value of arithmetic progression and that of centered dynamic range selection with quick-decreasing power value of arithmetic progression. In the training of the operating agent for GP multi-image classification, different sets of power values are tested to achieve a more suitable range of margin values for the improvement of the accuracy in classification. The tests show that the two approaches can be used for more accurate classification for complicated problems of multi-image classification, and work better than the algorithm of either static or dynamic range selection.
High-power constant current technique for the excitation source of electromagnetic exploration on land

In the field of geophysical exploration, one of effective methods to detect buried metal ores is multiple-frequency fusion electromagnetic excitation and its imaging. This technique needs to set a high-power artificial EM source in subsurface of the target area. To facilitate supply of such a large power, a constant current of high-voltage is necessary. However, some factors such as heterogeneities of subsurface media, property of excitation polarization and variations of the natural EM field can make terrestrial impedance change with time, so that the output current will be unstable and data collection will be influenced. To solve this issue, this paper presents a kind of high power constant current technique based on the excitation of generator. We describe its implement method and operating principles in detail, and display the schematic circuit diagram. The result of the experiment shows that this technique is feasible and its constant current precision can meet the requirement of electromagnetic exploration.
Research on semantic-based knowledge service for cluster supply chain

Knowledge service is critical to enterprise collaboration in cluster supply chain. However, current cluster enterprises have limited capabilities for knowledge sharing. In order to address the knowledge service needs of cluster supply chain, this paper proposes a novel semantic-based knowledge service approach. In the approach, a multi-level knowledge model is presented to achieve uniform and flexible representation for cluster public knowledge and enterprise private knowledge, which further forms complex knowledge network for cluster supply chain. Then the knowledge collaboration mechanism is utilized to support knowledge collaborative creating and enriching, and cooperative sharing. In addition, the knowledge access control scheme is employed to ensure high security. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed approach, a knowledge service platform is implemented, including several core services such as knowledge collaborative editing, retrieval and visual navigation, etc. Applications show that this platform can support knowledge sharing between enterprises effectively and further promote the development of cluster supply chain efficiently.
Mind the Class Weight Bias: Weighted Maximum Mean Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

In domain adaptation, maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) has been widely adopted as a discrepancy metric between the distributions of source and target domains. However, existing MMD-based domain adaptation methods generally ignore the changes of class prior distributions, i.e., class weight bias across domains. This remains an open problem but ubiquitous for domain adaptation, which can be caused by changes in sample selection criteria and application scenarios. We show that MMD cannot account for class weight bias and results in degraded domain adaptation performance. To address this issue, a weighted MMD model is proposed in this paper. Specifically, we introduce class-specific auxiliary weights into the original MMD for exploiting the class prior probability on source and target domains, whose challenge lies in the fact that the class label in target domain is unavailable. To account for it, our proposed weighted MMD model is defined by introducing an auxiliary weight for each class in the source domain, and a classification EM algorithm is suggested by alternating between assigning the pseudo-labels, estimating auxiliary weights and updating model parameters. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our weighted MMD over conventional MMD for domain adaptation.
Disturbance observer based active synchronization of energy resource chaotic system

In this paper, the issue of synchronization for a three-dimensional energy resource chaotic system is considered. To achieve the synchronization between the drive and response systems, active control with known parameters has been designed. In consideration of the existence of disturbances, a new design of disturbance observer is proposed based on synchronization errors. Active control with such disturbance observers is employed to synchronize the drive and response systems. Conditions of the asymptotic stability for closed-loop system are obtained by Hurwitz stability criterion. Numerical simulations are provided to confirm the proposed approach.
DFTL:a description language for transformation of data formats

Presents a context-free grammar,Data Format Transformation Language(DFTL),to take transformation between data with heterogeneous formats.The logical structure of data is described by XML Schema in DFTL,and the parsing and mapping rules of data are defined on the basis of extended markups.Experimental results show that it is possible to transform data with various formats to the data in XML by DFTL,thus a unified XML-view becomes true for the accession of data with heterogeneous formats.
Research on Collision Detection Algorithm Based on AABB

An improved collision detection algorithm based on AABB is presented. During the global search, each axis is cut into a series of segments containing the same number of AABBs’ projection intervals, and Shell sort is adopted to sort projection lists, not insertion sort.This will avoid needless intersecting test of AABB. During the local detection, the amount of byte of AABB bounding-volume for internal node is reduced according to the constructing process of AABB tree, and leaf nodes are wiped from tree structure The storage of AABB tree is compressed. This method can save a large amount of space and speed up the algorithm. Experiments indicate that the improved algorithm reduce detection time for the same models.
A negotiation model through multi-item auction in multi-agent system

Agents often work together and achieve their common and individual goal under the environment where there are limited or rare resources. How to allocate these resources efficiently is critical in proceeding of cooperation and competition in multi-agent system. This paper proposes and investigates an approach to solve the problem by introducing auction theory from economics game. An agent-based multi-item auction model is studied as negotiation method so as to get some precious resources for buyer agents and allocate them for vendor agent. Some properties and impacts of agents' parameters are shown through simulating experience such as buying power, item number required by buyer agent, number of buyer agents, rules of auction and so on. All this is key and beneficial for the future mechanisms design both in agent-based software engineering and various distributed system, especially Internet-based commerce applications.
Continuous and discrete sum-rate maximization for multiuser MIMO-OFDM systems with CoMP

In this paper, we propose two efficient and practical resource allocation algorithms to maximize the weighted sum-rate of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission with joint processing in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems subject to per-antenna power constraints. We first propose a continuous-rate algorithm that utilizes successive convex approximation (SCA) to dynamically allocate the transmit powers of multiple CoMP base stations (BSs) transmitting to multiple co-channel user terminals (UTs). Next, we propose a discrete-rate algorithm that takes the continuous-rate result as a starting point and redistributes the transmit powers to obtain a discrete solution. Simulation results are provided to benchmark our continuous-rate algorithm with two alternative approaches: iterative waterfilling (IWF), and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFB). Results show that SCA provides significant sum-rate improvements over IWF in medium to high interference scenarios, and outperforms ZFB in low to medium interference scenarios. Moreover, our proposed discrete rate algorithm produces a higher discrete sum-rate with much lower computational complexity compared to existing algorithms.
On Reducing Hidden Redundant Memory Accesses for DSP Applications

Reducing memory accesses is particularly important for digital signal processing (DSP) applications since they are widely used in embedded systems and need to be executed with high performance and low power consumption. In this paper, we propose a machine-independent loop memory access optimization technique, redundant load exploration and migration (REALM), to explore hidden redundant load operations and migrate them outside loops based on loop-carried data dependence analysis. We implement REALM into IMPACT and Trimaran. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to implement the memory access reduction with loop-carried data reuse in real world compilers. We conduct experiments using a set of benchmarks from DSPstone and MiBench on the cycle-accurate VLIW simulator of Trimaran. The experimental results show that our technique significantly reduces the number of memory accesses.
Autonomous robot navigation using fuzzy logic controller

The main challenge for designers of today's autonomous robotics is to build robust control programs that reliably perform complex tasks in the face of real-world environmental uncertainties. This paper proposes a generalized framework for a behavior-based navigation strategy of autonomous robots. This framework includes goal determination, preprocessing, behavior design, behavior arbitration, and command fusion. This framework is practical and used for our novel telecommanding teleoperation paradigm. The experiments, including wander, goal control and advanced telecommanding, have shown this framework to be reliable.
Nano-scale implantless Schottky-barrier SOI FinFETs with excellent ambipolar performance

A novel nano-scale SOI device featuring silicide Schottky source/drain and field-induced S/D extensions is proposed and demonstrated. Excellent p- and n-channel performance with nearly ideal subthreshold swing (/spl sim/ 60 mV/dec.) and high on-/off-state current ratio (>10/sup 9/ and >10/sup 8/ for n- and p-channel modes, respectively) is realized, for the first time, on a single device. These encouraging results suggest that the new device may represent a potential alternative to post-CMOS device applications.
Delay Optimal Scheduling of Arbitrarily Bursty Traffic over Multi-State Time-Varying Channels

An important challenge in the Internet of Things (IoT) is to provide real-time services on low-energy-supply devices. In this paper, we study joint queue-aware and channel-aware scheduling of arbitrarily bursty traffic over multi-state time-varying channels, where the bursty packet arrival in the network layer, the backlogged queue in the data link layer, and the power adaptive transmission with fixed modulation in the physical layer are jointly considered from a cross-layer perspective. To achieve minimum queueing delay given a power constraint, a probabilistic cross-layer scheduling policy is proposed, and characterized by a Markov chain model. To describe the delay-power tradeoff, we formulate a non-linear optimization problem, which however is very challenging to solve. To handle with this issue, we convert the optimization problem into an equivalent Linear Programming (LP) problem, which allows us to obtain the optimal threshold-based scheduling policy with an optimal threshold imposed on the queue length in accordance with each channel state.