nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Study of Laser Controlled Semiconductor-Loaded E-Plane Waveguide Switch

In this paper, a kind of Laser-controlled semiconductor-loaded E-plane waveguide switch has been presented. The on/off ratios, losses and phase shifts are given under Laser pulse illumination. The on/off ratio reaches 38.5 dB, the front fringe of the switch is less than 0.05 microsecond, and the insertion loss is only 0.16 dB at frequency 37.1 Ghz. One simple method to analyze its characteristics, which based on the sall aperture theory and mode analysis, has been introduced. The theoritical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. It shows that such switch should be applied in high power millimeter-wave Radar system.
An efficient detection scheme for urban traffic condition using volunteer probes

In urban areas, traffic congestion has become a common phenomenon resulting in a great waste of time and fuel. Thus, the real-time detection for road condition becomes a significant challenge for both scientists and engineers. Recently, the technology of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) has been utilized to alleviate this problem, and becomes an important component of the intelligent transportation system (ITS). In this paper, we propose a novel detection scheme for urban traffic condition only by volunteer probes. The travel time for detected road segment is used to evaluate the traffic condition. To reduce the influence of individuals, a T Window Algorithm (TWA) is designed for calculating the average travel time of probes. For performance optimization, three kinds of Adaptive T Window Algorithm (ATWA) are put forward to resize window according to the probe density. Besides, on analysis of travel time composition, a congestion line is built to identify the traffic status of road segment. Finally, all the approaches are validated in a realistic scenario. The simulation results show that our scheme can detect urban traffic condition effectively.
An area- and power-efficient monolithic Buck converter with fast transient response

A voltage-mode Buck converter with a novel Pseudo-Type III compensation is presented. It maintains the fast load transient response, as confirmed by the measured loop gain, and 7μs settling time for 500mA load current step. It also transforms the Type III compensator into a summation of an area- and power-efficient error amplifier plus a low-power band-pass filter. Consequently, the area and power consumption of proposed compensator is reduced by 80% and 85%.
Wavelet and Common Spatial Pattern for EEG signal feature extraction and classification

Brain-computer interface (BCI) can provide communication channels which do not depend on peripheral nerves and muscles for patients with neuromuscular disorders. The goal of the paper is to validate signal processing and classification methods for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). This paper presented a method combining wavelet with Common Spatial Pattern (CSP). Use multi-resolution analysis (MRA) to weaken noise and enhance features in the signals of motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG). Then features are extracted and classification is completed by Common Spatial Pattern and Support Vector Machine (SVM) respectively. The classification accuracy achieves 93.5% in the course of testing on the data from subject. The result certifies the feasibility and effectiveness of this solution.
IASL valence-arousal analysis system at IALP 2016 shared task: Dimensional sentiment analysis for Chinese words

Sentiment lexicons with valence-arousal ratings are useful resources for the development of dimensional sentiment applications. In order to solve the significant lack of Chinese valence and arousal lexicons, the objective of the DSAW is to automatically acquire the valence-arousal ratings of Chinese affective words. In this task, we develop a novel approach that integrate word embeddings into a graph-based model with K-Nearest Neighbor to identify both valence and arousal dimensions. We also propose to use character embeddings to represent unseen words, which is a major challenge in collecting large corpora. The evaluation results demonstrate that our system is effective in dimensional sentiment analysis for Chinese words with 0.847 and 1.281 mean absolute error (MAE) for valence and arousal respectively.
A sub-optimal assignment of application tasks onto heterogeneous systems

Presents a mathematical programming model for finding the sub-optimal assignment of a given application task onto a heterogeneous suite of computers. The proposed model is based on the Cluster-M heterogeneous programming paradigm. Using Cluster-M, an application task is represented in form of a Cluster-M specification which indicates all the concurrent and communicating subtasks at every step of computation. These specifications are then to be mapped onto the underlying heterogeneous suite of computers represented in a Cluster-M representation format. To map every step of Cluster-M specification onto the Cluster-M representation of the heterogeneous suite, we propose to use an optimal synthesis technique called SOS (synthesis of systems). We formulate and solve each of the mapping steps in the form of a mixed integer linear programming model. This leads to a very fast sub-optimal selection and mapping solution.<<ETX>>
Processing Practice of Remote Sensing Image Based on Spatial Modeler

The aim of remote sensing image processing is to extract important geographic information toward a better understanding of the objective world. ERDAS IMAGINE is a system for processing of remote sensing images, which provides abundant and functional image processing tools, especially the tools for spatial modeler. In this paper, using the spatial modeler, we have developed several graphic models for remote sensing image enhancement based on the fundamental principles of image processing. The results showed that the developed models are easy to use and make the image processing faster. Additionally, the simulated running of the models confirmed the feasibility of those graphic models for remote sensing image processing.
An Improved Methodology for Accurate Extraction of Ultra-Low Specific Contact Resistivity of Alloyed Contacts Using Nanoscale Transmission Line Method

An effective transfer length (ETL) model is developed to accurately extract the specific contact resistivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for alloyed or recessed contacts by accounting for the modification of sheet resistance of semiconductor under the contact (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{{\textit {shc}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and uneven contact interface due to the reaction of the contact metal and the semiconductor. This method is applied to an example where the formation of NiGeSn extends into p<sup>+</sup>-Ge<sub>0.95</sub>Sn<sub>0.05</sub> region to form a recessed contact structure. An ultra-low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textsf {2.6}\pm \textsf {0.2}\times \textsf {10}^{-9} \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\textsf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is extracted by the ETL model, which is consistent with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textsf {2.9}\times \textsf {10}^{\textsf {-9}} \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\textsf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> extracted by the two-layer resistive-network model. The conventional nano-scale transmission line method extracted a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, that is, ~86% higher, which is due to an underestimated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{{\textit {shc}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed ETL model can be generally used for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> extraction in any alloyed or recessed contacts.
Trim Power Supplies for the Duke Booster and Storage Ring

The on-going Duke storage ring upgrades and the development of a new booster synchrotron injector require more than 100 units of high performance unipolar and bipolar trim power supplies in the current range of - 15 A to + 15 A. However, most of the trim power supplies on the market do not deliver two critical performance features simultaneously: a high current stability and a low current noise. An in-house trim power supply development program has been put in force to design, fabricate, and test low cost linear power supplies with current stability about 100 ppm and current ripples less than 100 ppm in a broad band. A set of unipolar power supplies (0-12 A) have been designed, fabricated and successfully tested. Since August, 2004 they have been used in storage ring operation with excellent performance. The prototype of bipolar power supplies (±15 A) has been designed and tested as well. The main design principles and the performance results of both unipolar and bipolar supplies have been presented in this paper.
Nonlinear dynamics in the Duke storage ring with FEL wigglers

Single particle dynamics in the storage ring can be significantly influenced by strong nonlinearities from long and strong-field insertion devices. This paper reports our preliminary results on the dynamics impact of the 24 m long OK5 FEL in the Duke ring. Initial studies are performed using an intermediate lattice with two OK5 wigglers. The dynamic aperture is computed using a recently developed symplectic wiggler integrator and the frequency map technique, NAFF We have observed significant dynamic aperture reduction due to OK5 wigglers at lower beam energies. We also report our preliminary findings on the means to improve beam dynamics with wigglers.
Impact of slurry in Cu CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) on Cu topography of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs), re-distribution layers, and Cu exposure

In this study, the optimization of Cu CMP performance (dishing) for removing thick Cu plating overburden due to Cu plating for deep TSVs in a 300mm wafer is investigated. Also, backside isolation oxide CMP for TSV Cu exposure is discussed. In order to obtain a minimum Cu dishing on the TSV region, a proper selection of Cu slurries is proposed for the current two-step Cu polishing process. The bulk of Cu is removed with the slurry of high Cu removal rate at the first step and the Cu surface is planarized with the slurry of high Cu passivation capability at the second step. The Cu dishing can be improved up to 97% for the 10μm-diameter TSVs on a 300mm wafer. The dishing/erosion of the metal/oxide can be reduced with respect to a correspondingly-optimized Cu plating overburden for TSVs and RDLs. Cu metal dishing can be drastically reduced once the Cu overburdens are increased to a critical thickness. For backside isolation oxide CMP for TSV Cu exposure, the results show that the Cu studs of TSVs with a bigger via size still keep in a plateau-like shape after CMP.
Model and heuristic algorithm of R&D project scheduling problem with stochastic number of activity iterations

Because project scheduling is always under the constraint of resources, the method of coupling activities to cope with activity concurrences and activity iterations in project scheduling faces many difficulties. A process model of R&D projects is presented to satisfy requirements of resource constrained project scheduling. The model integrates uncertain activity durations, uncertain activity outcomes, activity concurrence, and activity iterations into a project scheduling model. Furthermore, A heuristic rule derived from corresponding determinate network is used to resolve the scheduling problem and the algorithm is illustrated with a case.
Effects of microbubble shell physicochemical properties on ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to the brain

Lipid-shelled microbubbles have been used in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. The physicochemical properties of the microbubble shell could affect the delivery efficiency since they determine the microbubble mechanical properties, circulation persistence, and dissolution behavior during cavitation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the shell effects on drug delivery efficiency in the brain via blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening in vivo using monodisperse microbubbles with different phospholipid shell components. The physicochemical properties of the monolayer were varied by using phospholipids with different hydrophobic chain lengths (C16, C18, and C24). The dependence on the molecular size and acoustic energy (both pressure and pulse length) were investigated. Our results showed that a relatively small increase in the microbubble shell rigidity resulted in a significant increase in the delivery of 40-kDa dextran, especially at higher pressures. Smaller (3 kDa) dextran did not show significant difference in the delivery amount, suggesting the observed shell effect was molecular size-dependent. In studying the impact of acoustic energy on the shell effects, it was found that they occurred most significantly at pressures causing microbubble fragmentation (450 kPa and 600 kPa); by increasing the pulse length to deliver the 40-kDa dextran, the difference between C16 and C18 was eliminated while C24 achieved the highest delivery efficiency. These findings indicated that the acoustic parameters could be adjusted to modulate the shell effects. The acoustic cavitation emission revealed the physical mechanisms associated with different shells. Overall, lipid-shelled microbubbles with long hydrophobic chain length could achieve high delivery efficiency for larger molecules especially with high acoustic energy. Our study offered, for the first time, evidence directly linking the microbubble monolayer shell with their efficacy for drug delivery in vivo.
Warship brigade complex mission reliability modeling

This paper analyzed the feature of the warship brigade mission. A three-phased mission decomposition method based on atomic task was brought forward to decompose the warship brigade mission, and the brigade mission was described based on hierarchy, relation and attribute. IDEF3 was extended by introducing substitution and conjunct intersection and a warship brigade mission reliability modeling method based on extended IDEF3 is proposed. Finally, the example of warship brigade aerial defense mission has been illustrated to prove the validity of the modeling method.
Focused ultrasound-facilitated molecular delivery to the brain using drug-loaded nanodroplets

Acoustically-activated nanodroplets facilitate localized drug delivery after vaporization with improved in vivo stability, drug payload, and minimal interference outside of the ultrasound focal zone compared with microbubbles. They are new acoustic mediators to induce blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening for drug delivery to the brain, with promising potential of extravasation to enhance targeted delivery in the extravascular space due to the nano sizes.
Anticipating Daily Intention Using On-wrist Motion Triggered Sensing

Anticipating human intention by observing one’s actions has many applications. For instance, picking up a cellphone, then a charger (actions) implies that one wants to charge the cellphone (intention) . By anticipating the intention, an intelligent system can guide the user to the closest power outlet. We propose an on-wrist motion triggered sensing system for anticipating daily intentions, where the on-wrist sensors help us to persistently observe one’s actions. The core of the system is a novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Policy Network (PN), where the RNN encodes visual and motion observation to anticipate intention, and the PN parsimoniously triggers the process of visual observation to reduce computation requirement. We jointly trained the whole network using policy gradient and cross-entropy loss. To evaluate, we collect the first daily “intention” dataset consisting of 2379 videos with 34 intentions and 164 unique action sequences (paths in Fig. 1). Our method achieves 92:68%; 90:85%; 97:56% accuracy on three users while processing only 29% of the visual observation on average.
Soft Edge Smoothness Prior for Alpha Channel Super Resolution

Effective image prior is necessary for image super resolution, due to its severely under-determined nature. Although the edge smoothness prior can be effective, it is generally difficult to have analytical forms to evaluate the edge smoothness, especially for soft edges that exhibit gradual intensity transitions. This paper finds the connection between the soft edge smoothness and a soft cut metric on an image grid by generalizing the Geocuts method (Y. Boykov and V. Kolmogorov, 2003), and proves that the soft edge smoothness measure approximates the average length of all level lines in an intensity image. This new finding not only leads to an analytical characterization of the soft edge smoothness prior, but also gives an intuitive geometric explanation. Regularizing the super resolution problem by this new form of prior can simultaneously minimize the length of all level lines, and thus resulting in visually appealing results. In addition, this paper presents a novel combination of this soft edge smoothness prior and the alpha matting technique for color image super resolution, by normalizing edge segments with their alpha channel description, to achieve a unified treatment of edges with different contrast and scale.
Solutions to a class of minimax decision problems arising in communication systems

In this paper we consider a class of minimax decision problems which arise in the transmission of a Gaussian vector message over a vector channel with partially unknown statistical description. The statistically unknown part of the channel is modelled as one which is controlled by a jammer who can corrupt the transmitted message by sending noise which may be correlated with the original message under a given power constraint. Under two types of structural assumptions on the transmitter (encoder), the problem is posed as one in which the optimum decision rules at the encoder and the decoder jointly minimize a square distortion measure at the output, under worst possible choices for the jamming noise. It is shown that a saddle-point solution exists when the linear encoder structure is of the mixed type, whereas it does not exist when it is restricted to be deterministic. In the former case explicit expressions for the saddle-point solution have been presented, whereas in the latter case minimax and maximin solutions have been obtained. (This latter class of solutions have not been included in this Proceedings paper because of space limitations; they can be found in the fuller version which can be obtained from the authors.) An important feature of the saddle-point solution is that it depends on two integer-valued parameters, one of which determines (in a new rotated coordinate system) the number of components of the message vector to be transmitted through the channel, and the second one determines the number of channels that the jammer actually jams. Some worked out numerical examples complement the theoretical results.
A 1-V 100MS/s 8-bit CMOS Switched-Opamp Pipelined ADC Using Loading-Free Architecture

A 1V, 8-bit dual-mode ADC is realized using multi-phase switched-opamp (SO) technique. Employing a proposed loading-free pipelined ADC architecture and a fast-wake-up dual-input-dual-output switchable opamp, the ADC achieves 100MS/s conversion rate, which is the fastest operation speed reported at 1-V supply, and comparable to many high-voltage switched-capacitor (SC) ADC. Implemented in a 0.18mum CMOS process, the ADC obtains a peak SNR of 45dB and SFDR of 52.6dB while dissipating only 30mW
The Duke storage ring control system

The Duke storage ring is a dedicated facility for the UV-VUV FEL operation. The low level computer control system for the Duke storage ring is developed using EPICS. The control hardware employs several different architectures including CAMAC, GPIB, Allen Bradley, and VME. The high level control is implemented in Tcl-Tk scripts running on SPARCstations. Tcl-Tk provides the global control capabilities such as the energy ramping, the orbit compensation, and the tune and chromaticity control. The Duke storage ring control system was tested and operational for storage ring commissioning in Nov. 1994. During commissioning, additional control tools were developed to facilitate the operation.
Fabrication of plasmonics Si solar cells based on indium nanoparticles and TiO2 space layer

We demonstrate experimentally the photovoltaic performance enhancement of the plasmonics silicon solar cell based on nano-sized indium-particles and different thickness of TiO2 space layer. The reflectance, photo-current and external quantum efficiency are measured and compared at each stages of device processing. The conversion efficiencies enhancing of 17.78% and of 47.85% are obtained as the solar cell with indium nanoparticles on a 10-nm and a 59.5-nm thick TiO2 space layer, respectively, compared to the solar cell without coated a TiO2 layer. Furthermore, the plasmonics conversion efficiencies depend on the thickness of space layer are also demonstrated that the increasing by 15.46% and 6.08% for the solar cells with 10-nm and a 59.5-nm thick TiO2 space layer, respectively.
Unimodel-Based Multi-source Portable Spam Filtering

Various public information interactive processes, such as email, Instant Messaging (IM), Short Message Service (SMS), contain lots of advertising, obscene, illegal, and other spam information. Most of such spam information is text. From the computational linguistics perspective, textual information from different sources can be processed in a similar way. So the processing models or systems are expected to be portable on different information types. This paper introduces a unified spam filtering model for multi-source information, and proposes an approximate estimate method for the model portability. Based on the proposed model, a SVM has been used to classify the information. The experimental results show that the unified spam filtering model can be applied to multi-source information, and the SVM classification algorithm achieved encouraging performance.
A co-inference approach to robust visual tracking

Visual tracking could be treated as a parameter estimation problem of target representation based on observations in image sequences. A richer target representations would incur better chances of successful tracking in cluttered and dynamic environments. However, the dimensionality of target's state space also increases making tracking a formidable estimation problem. In this paper, the problem of tracking and integrating multiple cues is formulated in a probabilistic framework; and represented by factorized graphical model. Structured variational analysis of such graphical model factorizes different modalities and suggests a co-inference process among these modalities. A sequential Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to give an efficient approximation of the co-inference based on the importance sampling technique. This algorithm is implemented in real-time at around 30 Hz. Specifically, tracking both position, shape and color distribution of a target is investigated in this paper. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm performs robustly in a large variety of trucking scenarios. The approach presented in this paper has the potential to solve other sensor fusion problems.